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Open Access Article

1 - Management Ability and its Consequences on Firms Value Creation by Employing Neural Networks (A Comparative Approach to Chemical & Food Industries)
Akbar Valizadeh Oghani Nasser Fegh-hi Farahmand Farzin Modarres Khiabani

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of management ability on the value creation in the chemical and food industry in 2012-2016 by using artificial neural network. Initially, with the implementation of the DEA model with a native model, the relative ef More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of management ability on the value creation in the chemical and food industry in 2012-2016 by using artificial neural network. Initially, with the implementation of the DEA model with a native model, the relative efficiency is determined for each company and by estimating a regression model, the management ability to each company is also determined. Then the value creation of the companies is measured by the average of the factors such as return on equity, Q Tobin ratio, return on investment, and wealth creation for shareholders. The neural network model used in this study is a multilayer perceptron with back propagation error training pattern. To evaluate the relative efficiency is used the GAMS optimization software and to measure the management ability used the E-Views and MATLAB software is used to train and test the neural networks model. The results show that the artificial neural network model in the food industry is better than the chemical industry. This model estimates the companies' value creation through the management ability and other input variables. Other research results, the management ability score in both industries is equal, but the average value creation of the companies in the food industry is higher than the chemical industry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Designing lay-off pattern of human resources, Based on Securing Future Job Approach for the Staff in Municipalities of Esfahan Province
Mohsen Sanei Naser Mirsepasi Karamollah Daneshfard Nazanin Pilehveri

The purpose of the research is to present a pattern regarding lay-off in municipalities of Esfahan province, and to analyze the impact of structural, behavioral and individual factors on lay-off and its aspects. The research was done to secure future jobs for the staff More

The purpose of the research is to present a pattern regarding lay-off in municipalities of Esfahan province, and to analyze the impact of structural, behavioral and individual factors on lay-off and its aspects. The research was done to secure future jobs for the staff who either want to leave or the staff who have remained in the organization. The method used to do this research is descriptive and correlative .The method used to collect information is mixed (qualitative and quantitative).In the first stage (qualitative approach), the subjects were 22 experts who had suitable information about the issue of lay-off. A lay-off pattern and the influential factors on lay-off were designed using the fuzzy Delphi method and also fuzzy logic. The two methods were used to have more correlation between the views of the experts. Then, in the quantitative part, a questionnaire was designed in order to evaluate the pattern and then after reviewing the validity of the questionnaire through Exploratory Factor Analysis, it was given to some managers who, based on Judgmental Sampling, had been chosen out of managers of branches of municipalities in Esfahan province. The relationships between components of the model were reviewed using structural equation model. The findings demonstrated that all of the e hypotheses were confirmed. Considering the mentioned indices  for the aspects of lay-off in this research ,municipalities can adopt effective decisions regarding determining the kind of job ,the kind of performance they will have in future  (for the staff that will remain in the organization) and also about necessary measures taken to secure future jobs for the staff leaving the organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Presenting a Model for Predicting and Improving Production Quality Using Decision Tree Algorithms and Linear Planning (Case Study: TIBA Wave Generating Companies in Iran)
Nadereh Sadat Rastghalam Roya Roya M.ahari Ahmad Reza Shekarchizadeh Atefeh Amindost

10.30495/jmfr.2022.60091.2446

Today, most industries and factories in the country use statistical quality control tools to improve product quality, but due to the high volume of data, now there is a need for a more powerful tool that can control statistical quality control processes, given the exten More

Today, most industries and factories in the country use statistical quality control tools to improve product quality, but due to the high volume of data, now there is a need for a more powerful tool that can control statistical quality control processes, given the extent Data Mining Algorithms and Its Ability to Discover Rules In this research, data mining tools have been used to improve the quality control process and increase it. The method is that first the failure database is formed and after collecting quality control data, the accuracy of predicting the quality of parts is determined using different decision tree algorithms and in the next step using Modeling, Coverage Analysis, Data Each of the rules is evaluated, and finally the workstations are evaluated using the rules that apply to each workstation. Accordingly, in this study, the statistical population of all Tiba surge arresters in 1398. The attributes consist of 9 workstations. Based on the results, the best algorithm in predicting C5 failure is and the most important attributes selected by it are determined as the most important attributes, which are: Cooling quality, hole quality and cutting quality. Also, the evaluation of the rules has been done using the model of cover analysis, data and the most important rules have been extracted. Finally, based on solving the model, the devices that will be in the corrective priority for the current year are: Rowling , Solder and cutting Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - A mathematical programming model for measurement of the relative efficiency of Iranian industries
M.J . Asgharpour M.B.G. Arianezhad M. shokri M.A. Keramati

This research propose a mathematical programming model for measurements the relative efficiency of Iranian industries four inputs and three outputs were used estimate the performance of 9 kind of industries for the period between 1358 and 1377. The statistical and theor More

This research propose a mathematical programming model for measurements the relative efficiency of Iranian industries four inputs and three outputs were used estimate the performance of 9 kind of industries for the period between 1358 and 1377. The statistical and theoretical data of the study approves that our proposed model can be employed as reliable and valid pattern. The result implies that any of 9 kind of industries is not to be preferred to each other. On the other word ;there is not any meaningful differences among this industries by considering the relative efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Organization Productivity Evaluating Model with Two Stage Data Envelopment Analysis
F. Hosseinzadeh Lotfi M.B. Aryanegad A. Ebnerasoul S.E. Najafi

Measuring the performance of a production system is an important task in management for purposesof control, planning, etc.Lord Kelvin said, “When you can measure what you are speaking about, andexpress it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you canno More

Measuring the performance of a production system is an important task in management for purposesof control, planning, etc.Lord Kelvin said, “When you can measure what you are speaking about, andexpress it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when youcannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind.”Hence, management knowledge is a measurable science; if we can’t measure each subject, then wecan’t control then, and management is impossible. We know that the major criterion of performance isproductivity, and we should be able to measure it. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) can estimatesystematically the relative efficiencies of an organization. The efficiency of a organization can bebenchmarked using DEA. DEA presents a model for evaluating the performance of a set ofcomparable decision making units (DMUs). In this paper, we develop a new model for calculatingproductivity with data envelopment analysis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - A mathematical programming model for measurement of the relative efficiency of Iranian industries
M. J. Asgharpour M. Ali. Keramati

This research proposes a mathematical programming model for measurement of the relative efficiency ofIranian industries. Four inputs and three outputs were used to estimate the performance of 9 Kind ofindustries for the period between 1358 and 1377. The statistical and More

This research proposes a mathematical programming model for measurement of the relative efficiency ofIranian industries. Four inputs and three outputs were used to estimate the performance of 9 Kind ofindustries for the period between 1358 and 1377. The statistical and theoretical data of the study approvesthat our proposed model can be employed as reliable and valid pattern. The result implies that any of 9 kindof industries is not to be preferred to each other. On the other word; there is not any meaningful differencesamong this industries by considering the relative efficiency Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Using Composed Approach of DEA and AHP for Efficiency Evaluation Faculties of Shahid Beheshti University
Akbar Alem Tabriz Hesam Saiedy Sarem Deilami Moezi

To improve the status quo, by performance assessment could recognized weakness and strength andminimized input of resources. Thus, university has to know efficiency of faculties and to study cause of itsefficiency and inefficiency, then to improve and to conduct faculti More

To improve the status quo, by performance assessment could recognized weakness and strength andminimized input of resources. Thus, university has to know efficiency of faculties and to study cause of itsefficiency and inefficiency, then to improve and to conduct faculties of inefficiency by suitable programming. Inthis paper, according to importance of university, largest higher education center in country, be evaluatedefficiency of Shahid Beheshti University’s faculties by DEA using CCR model in two cases of sample modeland based on goal programming (min max deviation) in period of 1386-1388. After ranking of faculties by usingcomposed approach of DEA and AHP, in conclusion, have been sated final ranking of faculties and evaluating ofused methods. Finding of research presented Sciences, Letters and Human Sciences, and Management andAccount faculties were top faculties based on observed indices in this period. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - A study on the financial performance of companies using data envelopment analysis model and Zemijsky's model, and a comparison of their results . (the case of accepted pharmaceutical companies in stock market)
Akbar Rahimipoor Masomeh Tadress Hasani

Recent bankruptcy of big companies all over the world and fluctuations in Iran's stock market require that some methods be developed for the evaluation of companies' financial potential. Different models are used for the prediction of bankruptcy and the evaluation of More

Recent bankruptcy of big companies all over the world and fluctuations in Iran's stock market require that some methods be developed for the evaluation of companies' financial potential. Different models are used for the prediction of bankruptcy and the evaluation of organizational financial situation. Environmental changes and increasing competition among agencies led to companies' and organizations' limited access to expected profit. Thus, financial decision making is, nowadays, more and more important, forcing managers to apply modern control methods through sophisticated techniques. The present study aims to evaluate the performance of companies' situation. For this purpose, we use the two models of data envelopment analysis and Zemijsky and compare results derived from them. The research data were gathered from 10 accepted in stock market. Results from data envelopment analysis model indicated that only one company was in a proper financial situation while results from Zemijsky's model showed that there were two companies in good financial condition. We also managed to develop strategies for the improvement of financial situation in other companies using data envelopment analysis model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Determining Relative Efficiency of Slightly-Nonhomogeneous Decision Making Units by Data Envelopment Analysis
R. Farzinpoor Saen A. Memariani F. Hosseinzadeh lotfi

The assumption of classical Data Analysis (DEA) model is based on complete homogeneity of Decision Making Units (DMU’s). The objective of this paper is to propose a method of determining relative efficiency of slightly-nohomogeneous DMU’s by using DEA. First More

The assumption of classical Data Analysis (DEA) model is based on complete homogeneity of Decision Making Units (DMU’s). The objective of this paper is to propose a method of determining relative efficiency of slightly-nohomogeneous DMU’s by using DEA. First missing values are inserted by series mean. Then relative weights of DMU are measured by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and finally relative efficiency of DMU’s is computed by Chance Constrained DEA. A case study demonstrates the application of the proposed method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Using of Compiled Algorithm for Ranking of Research Subject by DEA : IAU*'s Faculties by DEA
M. B. Aryanezhad P. Hamzeh F. Hosseinzadeh Lotfi

The method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) is based of programming for efficiency estimation.This method with resolving mathematical models for the set of decision making units (DMUs) viaactual inputs and outputs data estimates cost and production functions as a frag More

The method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) is based of programming for efficiency estimation.This method with resolving mathematical models for the set of decision making units (DMUs) viaactual inputs and outputs data estimates cost and production functions as a fragment envelope withoutassumptive determination of production function form. In DEA, DMUs separate to two efficient andinefficient groups. In the basic DEA models, inefficient DMUs merely are ranked but efficient DMUsare not. In the other hand, in this case all efficient DMUs have efficiency equal to number one. Thus,there is not possible for making priority within these DMUs. On the base of used algorithm in thisresearch a DMU has defined as dummy optimal and in the last phase of the algorithm, after resolvingthe model of dummy optimal DMU's efficiency number will be equal to one, then the valu of objectivefunction for other DMUs, that concerning dummy optimal DMU have evaluated, will be less than one.In this manner efficient DMUs will be ranked too. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Evaluation of R&D projects with integrated BSC and DEA
Reza Radfar Fariba Salahi

In this article, a model has been provided in order to help to develop the selection andevaluation process of research and development projects in multi-projects organizations. Thisresearch is multi-criteria method for evaluation of R&D projects based on the integra More

In this article, a model has been provided in order to help to develop the selection andevaluation process of research and development projects in multi-projects organizations. Thisresearch is multi-criteria method for evaluation of R&D projects based on the integration of twodifferent management methodologies. Concepts of balanced scorecard (BSC) and dataenvelopment analysis (DEA) which each is a useful tool in measurements and analysis oforganization work, has been taken and combined in DEA-BSC model.This approach is based on data envelopment analysis, development of weight restriction,balanced scorecard and is following to secure three regular organization goals which areeffectiveness, efficiency, and balance (in use of inputs and outputs).In this article, two techniques of BSC in work index design part, and DAE technique inevaluation of decision making units part according to design indexes has been studies.At the end, DEA-BSC technique for evaluation of 25 projects in automobile part makingindustry has been used. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Evaluation of R&D projects with integrated BSC and DEA
Reza Radfar Fariba Salahi

In this article, a model has been provided in order to help to develop the selection andevaluation process of research and development projects in multi-projects organizations. Thisresearch is multi-criteria method for evaluation of R&D projects based on the integra More

In this article, a model has been provided in order to help to develop the selection andevaluation process of research and development projects in multi-projects organizations. Thisresearch is multi-criteria method for evaluation of R&D projects based on the integration of twodifferent management methodologies. Concepts of balanced scorecard (BSC) and dataenvelopment analysis (DEA) which each is a useful tool in measurements and analysis oforganization work, has been taken and combined in DEA-BSC model.This approach is based on data envelopment analysis, development of weight restriction,balanced scorecard and is following to secure three regular organization goals which areeffectiveness, efficiency, and balance (in use of inputs and outputs).In this article, two techniques of BSC in work index design part, and DAE technique inevaluation of decision making units part according to design indexes has been studies.At the end, DEA-BSC technique for evaluation of 25 projects in automobile part makingindustry has been used Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Performance Evaluation Accounting With Inputs Non-Discretionary Factors in an Integrated BSC-DEA Methodology
E., Najafi M. B. Aryanejad, F. , Hosseinzadeh Lotfi A. Ebnerasoul

Measuring the performance of a production system has been an important task in management forpurposes of control, planning, etc. The Balanced Scorecard allows us to do just that. BSC is widelyused in government and industry because of the clear representation of the rel More

Measuring the performance of a production system has been an important task in management forpurposes of control, planning, etc. The Balanced Scorecard allows us to do just that. BSC is widelyused in government and industry because of the clear representation of the relationship and logicbetween the key performance indicators(KPI) of 4 perspectives - financial, customer, internal process,and learning and growth. in the other hand , Traditional studies in data envelopment analysis (DEA)view systems as a whole when measuring the efficiency, ignoring the operation of individualprocesses within a system. We present and demonstrate a multi-criteria approach for evaluating everyprojects in different stages. Our approach integrates the balanced scorecard (BSC) and dataenvelopment analysis (DEA) and develops an extended DEA model. The input and output measuresfor the integrated DEA–BSC model are grouped in “cards” which are associated with " B S C ". Withefficiency decomposition, the process which causes the inefficient operation of the system can beidentified for future improvement. finally we illustrate the proposed approach with a case studyinvolving six banking branches. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Ranking indicators of good governance in effective organizations (Case Study: branches of Refah bank in Qazvin Province)
Seyede Atefeh Yeganegi Seyyed Mehdi Alvani Gholamreza memarzadeh

Good governance is an emerging issue that has gained much attention in scientific and international societies during two recent decades. Some indices have been proposed for realization of good governance. Obviously, these indices differ regarding their weight and import More

Good governance is an emerging issue that has gained much attention in scientific and international societies during two recent decades. Some indices have been proposed for realization of good governance. Obviously, these indices differ regarding their weight and importance for achieving ideal governance. The main question of the present study is to find out the importance and priority of each index in obtaining efficiency of units and organizations. Through a field survey, it was tried in the present research to study the indices of good governance in depth, to identify the efficient units using data envelopment analysis (DEA), and finally to prioritize the indices based on analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Statistical population includes the employees (n=41) of efficient branches of Refah Bank in Qazvin province The results obtained in this study indicated that out of six indices proposed for good governance, accountability has the highest priority; followed by rule of law and valuism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Fatemeh Esmaeili, Aliakbar Razmjo, Ebrahim Fathi
Fateme Esmaeeli Aliakbar Razmjoo Ebrahim Fathi

10.30495/mediastudies.2022.65190.1432

Social harms as fresh and open wound are always visible on the body of the country's social system and affect many people. Perhaps the lack of standards and a clear roadmap for news coverage of injuries such as addiction, divorce and marginalization, the severity and di More

Social harms as fresh and open wound are always visible on the body of the country's social system and affect many people. Perhaps the lack of standards and a clear roadmap for news coverage of injuries such as addiction, divorce and marginalization, the severity and direction of injuries are also subject to new destructive factors. The issue of presenting social harm news coverage strategies for IRIB is also important in this regard in order to be able to improve the standards of relevant news coverage. Data was collected through the study of library documents and use of in-depth experts in the field of news. SWOT method was used for analysis .After encoding the data, in a general classification, 12strengths, 45weaknesses, 10 external opportunities and 29 external threats were extracted and placed in the SWOT matrix. After SWOT calculations, the final score showed that the current position of social harm news coverage is at the strategic point of the WT, indicating that national media is facing major environmental threats and its resources are weak; In fact Iran Broadcasting is facing serious weaknesses and critical threats in terms of news coverage, especially in the social field in general and social harms in particular, and it is necessary to adopt defensive strategies to reduce weaknesses and avoid external threats in order to be able to gain audience trust and increase the effectiveness of news in this area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - A survey on the discourses of the websites of the IRIB News Agency and Iran International TV channel in the 11th parliamentary elections in Iran
Mostafa Gholami Ebrahim Fathi jahandar amiri

10.30495/mediastudies.2022.66296.1443

Election is a phenomenon through which people play a role in determining their own destiny and the acceptance of their country in today's world. In the days of elections, various media, relying on their accumulated social capital and the trust and confidence that the au More

Election is a phenomenon through which people play a role in determining their own destiny and the acceptance of their country in today's world. In the days of elections, various media, relying on their accumulated social capital and the trust and confidence that the audience has in them, present their desired discourses in order to attract and guide the people towards their desired goals and objectives. The results of the media alignment and discourse battle are also determined immediately after the vote count. Registration of 42.57% turnout in the 11th parliamentary elections, which is the lowest turnout in all previous periods of the Iran's election history, requires exploring and analyzing the discourses of actors active in this field, which IRIB News Agency website and Iran International TV channel Website were selected in this study. The purpose of this study is to determine the discourse of the mentioned media by thematic analysis the texts of their election news in the period of January 21 to February 29, 2020 using MAXQDA software. Findings show that the discourse of IRIB Agency News Website with the nodal point of “maximum participation in the election” consists of the surrounding signifiers of “election”, “Islamic Republic”, “enemy” and “people” and the discourse of Iran International TV channel website with the nodal point of “election boycott” also includes the signifiers of “Islamic Republic”, “election”, “people” and “corona”. The framings and Image making of both media have fully served the nodal points of their desirable discourse. The low turnout in this election indicates the the discourse of election boycott has become hegemonic and its success in consolidating its semantic system and creating more consensus in the target community. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Measuring Progress and Regress in Printed Media Using Malmquist Productivity Index in Data Envelopment Analysis
Hanieh Haghighinia Mohsen RostamyMalkhalifeh Mohammad Soltanifar Akbar Nasrollahi kasmani

10.30495/mediastudies.2022.46632.1235

Limitation of resources is an undeniable fact, which is dealt with many organizations such as media organizations. Hence, improving the performance of resource utilization of these organizations is one of the most important concerns of the managers. As a result, a manag More

Limitation of resources is an undeniable fact, which is dealt with many organizations such as media organizations. Hence, improving the performance of resource utilization of these organizations is one of the most important concerns of the managers. As a result, a manager must evaluate the performance of their organizations frequently. In this paper, we intend to measure the progress and regress of Iranian printed newspapers between two times 2016 and 2017. The current study is applied in terms of purpose and uses the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI), which is a very useful approach in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the rate of progress and regress of decision-making units (DMUs) under evaluation. The data analysis was done utilizing GAMS, which is a high-level modeling system for mathematical programming and optimization. After reviewing the performance measurement literature and interviewing with media management specialists and also experts from the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance-Deputy of Press and Information Affairs, appropriate indicators were recognized and selected. The results of the comparison of intra-organizational indicators in two consecutive years of 2016 and 2017 represents that 29 units from 87 DMUs have experienced progress and 58 ones regressed. In order to improve the performance of the regressed units, an appropriate strategy has been proposed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Individual and Social Effects and Achievements of Presence of News Media in the Hearings
Morteza Rasteh Faezeh Taghipour

10.30495/mediastudies.2023.69886.1486

One of the most important requirements of public hearings, as a basic component in order to achieve a fair hearing, is the presence of news media in court hearings and the publication of proceedings by them. The current research was carried out with the aim of explainin More

One of the most important requirements of public hearings, as a basic component in order to achieve a fair hearing, is the presence of news media in court hearings and the publication of proceedings by them. The current research was carried out with the aim of explaining the effects and individual and social achievements of the presence of news media in the hearings, which is known as one of the main elements of procedural transparency and achieving a sense of justice in the course of the proceedings by the public opinion, and with a descriptive method- Analytical and the use of library resources and data collection techniques by scanning the available works in the field of law and media have been studied. The authors of this article are looking for an answer to the question that basically, why should hearings be held publicly and with the presence of news media, and in the meantime, who is benefiting from the media coverage of the hearings? The findings include six categories: "transparency of proceedings and community monitoring of the functioning of the criminal justice system", "creating a sense of security and increasing public trust in the judicial system", "preventing crime through public education and increasing people's legal knowledge". Observing the defense rights of the accused and restoring his dignity", "encouraging witnesses and informants to testify truthfully and with certainty", "influencing the judge's performance and preventing judicial corruption". Therefore, it has been concluded that the presence of news media in hearings is a guarantee of individual rights and provides collective benefits Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Determining returns to scales the left and right in a two-stage green supply chain using network data envelopment analysis
Rohollah Sharafeddin Amir Gholam Abri Mohammad Fallah

10.30495/jnrm.2022.68245.2292

In the present age, evaluating and then improving the performance of production systems and supply chains as a whole is the only possible way to compete in the global business market. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric method for measuring the relative More

In the present age, evaluating and then improving the performance of production systems and supply chains as a whole is the only possible way to compete in the global business market. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric method for measuring the relative efficiency of production systems and decision-making units with multiple homogeneous inputs and outputs as a mathematical programming method. Determining the type of return to scale (RTS) helps managers make more accurate predictions about the expansion or limitation of the decision-making unit (DMU). Due to the importance of RTS in relation to management decisions, various methods have been proposed by DEA researchers to introduce and determine its type. Research in RTS evaluation has led to a more general classification of RTS types, with the titles Left return to scale (L-RTS) and Right return to scale (R-RTS). This research studies the two-stage production process and introduces an approach to estimating the type of efficiency on the right and left scales of DMUs. In this paper, the application of the DEA network model to calculate the relative efficiency and return to scale of cement companies listed on the stock exchange has been studied. The data used in the model is related to the production process of 42 cement companies in 2020. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Designing of performance evaluation indicators of banks by network data envelopment analysis, with FDH and SBM approach
Aseyeh Sadat Hatami Morteza Shafiee mouzhdeh Rabani Mohammad Reza Mozaffari

Performance appraisal is essential for any bank to plan and control. And considering the role of banks in the country's economy, measuring its efficiency is very important, so it is necessary to use appropriate models to assess the efficiency of banks. One of these mode More

Performance appraisal is essential for any bank to plan and control. And considering the role of banks in the country's economy, measuring its efficiency is very important, so it is necessary to use appropriate models to assess the efficiency of banks. One of these models is data envelopment analysis. Due to the multi-stage structure of banks, conventional data envelopment analysis models cannot be used, because conventional models do not pay attention to internal structure, intermediate products or communication activities And provide an estimate of the quality of performance. Also, conventional models pay less attention to the nature of inputs and outputs and have a radial nature, so the aim of this study is to provide a new model of NDEA with SBM model and FDH model for eliminating the weakness of conventional DEA models and Have a higher resolution. Also, for experimental study, to evaluate the performance of 20 branches of a commercial bank by considering the indicators, number of personnel and staff working hours as input and free deposits (free of charge and costly deposits) and facilities as intermediate indicators (intermediaries). And the indicators of overdue receivables and received fees have been considered as output and the ranking the branches , and finally efficient and inefficient branches have been identified. And the necessary strategies were given to improve the performance of inefficient branches. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Efficient location by using data envelopment analysis
M. Mirbloky M. Jolaei

So far, many types of location models have been developed to find optimal spatial patterns according to different spatial metrics such as cost, coverage and availability. The initial focus of these models is on the location availability of service providers and demand e More

So far, many types of location models have been developed to find optimal spatial patterns according to different spatial metrics such as cost, coverage and availability. The initial focus of these models is on the location availability of service providers and demand estimates, and some of these models are within the framework of multi-objective programming models. After the advent of science of data envelopment analysis, some researchers have considered the efficiency of selected facilities as one of the target functions in locational issues and provide solutions. In this paper, we present a multi-objective programming model by integrating a joint weights estimation model and location model. The resulting model, unlike the former models, is characterized by a single run of efficiently selected centers from several potential centers. The proposed model is investigated by a numerical example, and the results show the contradiction between location and performance functions Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Evaluating and Prioritizing of cement plant pollutant gases based on FDH and CRA models
fatemeh dadkhah Mohammad Reza Mozaffari Javad gerami

Control and reduction in environmental pollutants are of a great importance in all countries. In this paper, pollutant gases in the cement industry are analyzed and then prioritized for purposes of control and filtration based on DEA models. Two new radial and non-radia More

Control and reduction in environmental pollutants are of a great importance in all countries. In this paper, pollutant gases in the cement industry are analyzed and then prioritized for purposes of control and filtration based on DEA models. Two new radial and non-radial DEA models are proposed to prioritize reduction in total costs and in the effects of pollutant gases. Then, another non-radial model is provided for prioritizing reduction in costs and in the effects of pollutant gases. This prioritization is carried out using free disposal hull (FDH) and central resource allocation (CRA) models considering the types of disease caused by the pollutant gases and the medical treatment costs incurred. Finally, the results of the prioritization of Fars cement industry pollutant gases by all three proposed models are compared with those given by Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method and by FDH models. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - The Tangent Cones at Double points of Prym-Canonical Divisors of Curves of genus 7
Ali Bajravani

Let η be a line bundle on a smooth curve X with η^2=0 such that π_η, the double covering induced by η is an etale morphism. Assume also that X_η be the Prym-canonical model of X associated to K_X.η and Q is a rank 4 quadric containing X_η. More

Let η be a line bundle on a smooth curve X with η^2=0 such that π_η, the double covering induced by η is an etale morphism. Assume also that X_η be the Prym-canonical model of X associated to K_X.η and Q is a rank 4 quadric containing X_η. After stablishing the projective normality of the prym-canonical models of curves X with Clifford index 2, we obtain in this paper a sufficient condition for Q to be a tangent cone. Under some circumstances, we obtain an inverse to this sufficient condition. We make our study complete by presenting an example of a curve of genus 7 and gonality 4 in chapter 4. The importance of our example stems from its elementary nature and the fact that it is generalizable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Fixed Costs Allocation using Cross-Efficiency Evaluation and Game Theory
Mostafa Davtalab-olyaie Fatemeh Ghandi Farideh Davtalab-Olyaie

In many applications, there are some fixed costs for constructing the common platform of an organization which must be shared by all decision making units (DMUs). It is important how one should allocate such costs among all competing DMUs. Data envelopment analysis (DEA More

In many applications, there are some fixed costs for constructing the common platform of an organization which must be shared by all decision making units (DMUs). It is important how one should allocate such costs among all competing DMUs. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is a useful tool to evaluate the relative efficiency of DMUs, has been successfully used in allocating fixed costs among DMUs. Two main approaches have been proposed to allocate fixed costs that are based on maintaining or improving the relative efficiency of DMUs. In fixed costs allocation, one however needs to take into account both competitive and cooperative aspects among all DMUs. Therefore, it seems more reasonable to apply a peer-evaluation method in evaluating the efficiency of DMUs. To this end, we use cross-efficiency evaluation in DEA to allocate fixed costs between DMUs. Using cross-efficiency method and some concepts of game theory, we propose a new fixed costs allocation approach to share costs between DMUs such that the vector of cross-efficiency scores of DMUs after allocation is Pareto. We use a real application to more illustrate the proposed method and compare it with some of the existing methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - A new approach based on data envelopment analysis with double frontiers for ranking the discovered rules from data mining
Hossein Azizi

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a relatively new data oriented approach to evaluate performance of a set of peer entities called decision-making units (DMUs) that convert multiple inputs into multiple outputs. Within a relative limited period, DEA has been converted More

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a relatively new data oriented approach to evaluate performance of a set of peer entities called decision-making units (DMUs) that convert multiple inputs into multiple outputs. Within a relative limited period, DEA has been converted into a strong quantitative and analytical tool to measure and evaluate performance. In an article written by Toloo et al. (2009), they proposed a new DEA model to find the most efficient association rule in data mining. Considering several criteria, they created an algorithm for ranking association rules using this model. In the present article, we show that their model only selects an optimistic efficient association rule randomly and it is completely dependent on solution or software, which is used for solving problems. In addition, it shows that their proposed algorithm can only rank optimistic efficient rules randomly and it is not able to rank optimistic non-efficient DMUs. We mention other disadvantages and propose a new approach “DEA with double frontiers” to create a complete ranking of association rules. A numerical example will explain some contents of the paper. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Ranking Decision Making Units based on their profit in competition to reach a ‎standard level
A. Dehnokhalaji J. Sadeghi B. Hallaji N. Soltani

The full ranking or complete ranking of decision making units is one of the main &lrm;issues in data envelopment analysis. A full ranking is a ranking that considers all &lrm;efficient and inefficient units simultaneously and finds a ranking for them. Almost all &lrm;of More

The full ranking or complete ranking of decision making units is one of the main &lrm;issues in data envelopment analysis. A full ranking is a ranking that considers all &lrm;efficient and inefficient units simultaneously and finds a ranking for them. Almost all &lrm;of the developed ranking methods consider only the efficient units. On the other hand, &lrm;ranking inefficient units by traditional data envelope analysis models are also &lrm;inaccurate due to ignoring the role of slacks. In the present paper two novel methodologies are proposed in order to fully ranking of decision making units. In the presented &lrm;approach, all of the decision making units participate in a competition in a way that all &lrm;are projected onto the efficient frontier considering common weights. Then, according &lrm;to the profit that each unit attains to reach this standard level, a rank order of all &lrm;decision making units are obtained.In the first method , the satisfaction of units is measured in the competition and the satisfaction of the units that have the lowest satisfaction is improved. in the second method, by setting up the cross - profit table, the optimal weights of all units are taken into account in competition. After all, the proposed methods are applied on sample problems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Measuring the efficiency of a three-stage network using data envelopment analysis approach considering dual boundary
Ehsan. Vaeezi S. Esmail. Najafi Seyed Mohammad. Haji Maulana Farhad, Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Mahnaz. Ahadzadeh Namin

This paper presents a method for performance evaluation, ranking and clustering based on the double-frontier view to analyze the complex networks. The model allows us to open the structure of the “black box” and can help to obtain important information about More

This paper presents a method for performance evaluation, ranking and clustering based on the double-frontier view to analyze the complex networks. The model allows us to open the structure of the “black box” and can help to obtain important information about efficient and inefficient points of the system. In this paper, we consider a three-stage network, in respect to the additional desirable and undesirable inputs and outputs and utilize the cooperative approach to measure the efficiency of the overall system. Due to the fact that, a conclusion implying only one of these two, optimistic or pessimistic views is one-sided and incomplete, so, in this paper we used the double-frontier to analyze the network. Moreover, a heuristic technique was used to convert non-linear models into linear models. After obtaining the effective and inefficient points of the network, the DMUs are classified into several clusters by the k-means algorithm.Finally, in this article, in order to apply the proposed model a factory producing dairy products with a production area, warehouse premises and a delivery point are simulated. This factory has been regarded as a dynamic network with a time period of 24 intervals. The results of the ranking showed that, the time periods, (10) and (1) were the best and poorest respectively, in context to the efficiency within 24 phases of time. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - A DEA model for resource allocation with weight restrictions : An application of resource allocation in IAU (Mashhad Branch) Libraries
Hamed Zhiani Rezai

تاکنون مدل‌های زیادی برای ارزیابی کارایی و تخصیص بهینه‌ی منابع با استفاده از مدل‌های تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها معرفی شده‌اند. در این مقاله یک مدل وزن های مشترک که با استفاده از برنامه ریزی آرمانی خطی شده است ارائه خواهد شد. همچنین برای یافتن جواب‌هایی نزدیک به نظر مدیران از ک More

تاکنون مدل‌های زیادی برای ارزیابی کارایی و تخصیص بهینه‌ی منابع با استفاده از مدل‌های تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها معرفی شده‌اند. در این مقاله یک مدل وزن های مشترک که با استفاده از برنامه ریزی آرمانی خطی شده است ارائه خواهد شد. همچنین برای یافتن جواب‌هایی نزدیک به نظر مدیران از کنترل وزن استفاده شده است. در زمینه‌ی تخصیص منابع مثال‌های عملی زیادی وجود ندارند. در این مقاله کتابخانه‌های دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مشهد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته‌ و منابع جدیدی به آنها تخصیص خواهد یافت. منابعی که باید تخصیص ‌یابند، مربوط به ورودی نامطلوب هستند. مدل ارائه شده علاوه بر در نظر گرفتن این موضوع، قادر است شرایط ویژه‌ی مورد نظر مدیران (مانند حداقل و حداکثر منابعی که باید تخصیص یابند و استاندارد کتابخانه‌ای به همراه کنترل وزن اعمال شده از جانب آنها) را اعمال کند. در نهایت بهترین تخصیص‌ها با توجه به شرایط گوناگون بدست آمده و با یکدیگر مقایسه شده‌اند. Manuscript profile

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29 - Portfolio ranking: using finance technology set in DEA models (Case Study: Tehran Stock Exchange)
A. Davtalab R. Mehrjoo

One of the most important concerns of investors in financial markets is choosing a share or stock portfolio that is optimal in terms of profitability. To this end, there are many ways in which the stock portfolio has been chosen. The optimal portfolio selection is a por More

One of the most important concerns of investors in financial markets is choosing a share or stock portfolio that is optimal in terms of profitability. To this end, there are many ways in which the stock portfolio has been chosen. The optimal portfolio selection is a portfolio management goal. In this dissertation, the DEA technique has been used as a new and reliable way to select the stock optimal stock. In this thesis, the risk of different orders, average returns, return variances, higher torque are considered as output variables. It will also be possible to take into account the priorities for increases in risk ignored by DEA in applied studies but discussed in economic theory. Finally, in this research, 278 companies were evaluated in 50 stock portfolios during the 5-year period, which is evaluated by 3 models, one for higher returns, one for lower risk and one for a combination of these two methods has meant greater returns and less risk. Also, baskets number 6 and 8 ranked best in the first, second and third models. . Manuscript profile

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30 - Credit rating of the bank legal customers by using the improved modified Russell model (Case study: the legal customers of Arak Melli Bank)
M. izadikhah M. shamsi

The most exchange volume in a country will be obtained through bank system whose correct function will have a determinant role in improving economic activities. Nowadays, the customer’s rating and accreditation subject has been considered more than before by the b More

The most exchange volume in a country will be obtained through bank system whose correct function will have a determinant role in improving economic activities. Nowadays, the customer’s rating and accreditation subject has been considered more than before by the banks due to increase the volume of overdue claims and banks’ past over dues. One of the most important tools for controlling the banks’ credit risk is to implement the credit rating system and to recognize effective factors on withholding payment of the bank advances. The goal of this article is to investigate the relation between efficiency and risk in banking system. Based on this, with the help of data envelopment analysis method and the information related to evaluation, rating and interpretation of credit risk which has been suggested by three main rating institutes like “Fitch, Moody’s and Standard and Poor’s”, the credit risk of 24 legal customers of Arak Melli Bank was evaluated and the credit rate of each legal companies was determined and their quality analysis was expressed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Balanced evaluation of suppliers performance by applying a hybrid DEMATEL-DEA approach in presence of undesirable factors
M. Homayounfar A.R. Amirteimoori

One of the most complicated decision making problems for managers in supply chain is the evaluation of supply chain performance which can be done in different ways. Though several studies have been developed on supply chain performance evaluation based on balanced score More

One of the most complicated decision making problems for managers in supply chain is the evaluation of supply chain performance which can be done in different ways. Though several studies have been developed on supply chain performance evaluation based on balanced scorecard (BSC), a few studies focused on relationships among four perspectives of BSC. This paper focuses on these relationships, especially on relationships with feedback structures. For this purpose, after identification of the BSC’s more important factors in evaluation of the suppliers, DEMATEL technique is employed to determine feedback relationships among these factors and to attain to the critical factors from the influential and to be influenced point of view. Next, these factors are used as the inputs and outputs of data envelopment analysis (DEA) weak disposability model in presence of undesirable factors to evaluate the suppliers and determine their efficiency scores. Finally, the efficient units were ranked based on the Anderson-Peterson (AP) super efficiency model. The proposed procedure is applied as a framework to evaluate the suppliers of Pars Khazar Company. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Optimal Allocation of Resources Using the Ideal-Solutions
S. Ghobadi S. Jahangiri

This paper proposes a new method based on the ideal input vector to estimate inputs of a given decision making unit (DMU) when some or all of its outputs are increased to maintain its current efficiency level. In other words, this paper studied the following question: H More

This paper proposes a new method based on the ideal input vector to estimate inputs of a given decision making unit (DMU) when some or all of its outputs are increased to maintain its current efficiency level. In other words, this paper studied the following question: How much would be the increase in the inputs of the DMU if the decision maker increases certain outputs to a particular unit in which the DMU maintains its current efficiency level? In this study, unlike other proposed methods, the above question was addressed using just the single-objective linear programming (LP) problems. The problem of estimation of inputs was investigated based on the non-radial models. Necessary and sufficient conditions are proposed for estimation of inputs using just the single-objective LP problems. In addition, the level of deficiency (if any exists) in each of the output components is specified. An example with real data is presented to illustrate our proposed method. Manuscript profile

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33 - presentation of a two stages method to determine the suitable benchmark and return to scale (case study: girls high school of one zone shiraz city)
Javad Gerami

In this paper, a two stages method to determine suitable benchmark and return scale of the decision making units set is presented. At first, all of the efficient reference set in no radial data envelopment analysis (DEA) based on linear programming is found. first, RAM More

In this paper, a two stages method to determine suitable benchmark and return scale of the decision making units set is presented. At first, all of the efficient reference set in no radial data envelopment analysis (DEA) based on linear programming is found. first, RAM model is introduced and units is investigated using this model, then, to run the given algorithm below steps is performed. At the first step, the type of reference set is introduced and at the second step, a unique linear programming problem based on primal dual method is proposed to know all of the possible reference sets for a decision making unit. At the third step, return to scale in the no radial DEA method is measured. Ultimately, girls high school of shiraz city one zone efficiency is investigated to show to be applicate of this method and suitable benchmark and return scale is presented for this set of decision making units. Manuscript profile

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34 - Estimation of cost efficiency for firms in different technologies using data envelopment analysis
Mohsen Hekmatnia Alireza Amirteimoori Sohrab Kordrostami Mohsen Vaez-Ghasemi

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a method for evaluating the relative efficiency of a set of firms in a production process. Estimation of cost efficiency is one of the branches of performance evaluation. Cost efficiency evaluates the ability of producing current outpu More

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a method for evaluating the relative efficiency of a set of firms in a production process. Estimation of cost efficiency is one of the branches of performance evaluation. Cost efficiency evaluates the ability of producing current output with minimum available cost. Now let's assume that there are several groups of firms that operate separately and have different technologies, but are centrally managed, or in other words, their source of raw materials is shared, but each of these groups has different costs for these resources. Traditional DEA models do not offer any suggestions for calculating the cost efficiency in such situations where firms are grouped into different technological groups and the input's costs are different. In this paper, using the concepts of cost efficiency and meta-frontier and using the rational relation between cost efficiency and technical efficiency, a method is proposed to calculate the cost efficiency of firms in different technological conditions. There is also a way to use the transfer of units to improve their performance. The method presented in this study is used in a numerical example and a real case application and their results are explained. Manuscript profile

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35 - Evaluation of Students' Performance before and after Parent Involvement in Math Educaton with DEA
S. E. Haghi M. Rostamy-Malkhalifeh M. H. Behzadi A. Shahvarani

This paper describes two proposed strategies for involving families in mathematics education and forming a mathematical association for parents with the aim of involving parents in their children's mathematics education, implemented at one of the Tehran schools, describ More

This paper describes two proposed strategies for involving families in mathematics education and forming a mathematical association for parents with the aim of involving parents in their children's mathematics education, implemented at one of the Tehran schools, describing the outcomes and performance of students before and after school. They were analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA).Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a linear programming method whose main purpose is to compare and evaluate the efficiency of a number of similar decision-making units, to compare and analyze them with different amounts of inputs and outputs.In this research, inputs on various aspects of cultural, social, and economic conditions (such as family income, physical and mental health of family members, parents' occupation, etc.) of families of sixth grade elementary school boy students in TALAYEDARAN school, district 4 of Tehran, and outputs The success of the math test is the interest of the students in these math activities in math lessons and ethical discipline Manuscript profile

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36 - Time-staged outputs in production process: A DEA-Based Approach
S. Seyedboveir M. Maghbouli F. Matrood

This paper examines the issue of handling outputs in DEA that occur at different stages in time. In some situations, the output set occur at the different period of time, meaning that the produced outputs at the first period of time impact on the production of outputs o More

This paper examines the issue of handling outputs in DEA that occur at different stages in time. In some situations, the output set occur at the different period of time, meaning that the produced outputs at the first period of time impact on the production of outputs of next time . This problem setting gives rise to the phenomenon of time-staged outputs. Specifically, the two outputs occur at different points in time, meaning that one of them plays a dual role. In other words, the dual-role measure is considered as either the output of the first stage and simultaneously as input for another time period. This paper demonstrates a modification of the joint technology in order to yield the maximum efficiency of the evaluated units. A real case on ten business schools has been illustrated . This real example is applied to emphasize that the suggested structure can handle this situation appropriately. Manuscript profile

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37 - Introducing a new inefficiency source due to inappropriate price selection in a Non-Competitive Environment in Data Envelopment Analysis (a case study in the Imam Khomeini Oil Refinery Company of Shazand in Iran)
Elham Rezaei hezaveh Reza Fallahnejad Masoud Sanei Mohammad Izadikhah

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an appropriate tool for estimating various types of efficiency including Cost Efficiency (CE). Identifying and identifying inefficiency resources plays an important role in analyzing unit performance in order to plan for improving the More

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an appropriate tool for estimating various types of efficiency including Cost Efficiency (CE). Identifying and identifying inefficiency resources plays an important role in analyzing unit performance in order to plan for improving the status of Decision Making Units (DMUs). Now , if information on the inputs and outputs and pricing information of the evaluated units is available, we can calculate the lack of profit and revenue and cost optimization with respect to their inefficiencies. In this paper, we intend to determine the production possibility set (PPS) a new price and a new cost, based on which a new inefficient source and a new source selection of price vectors in a non competitive environment (that is , in the event of a possible change of loss due to the incorrect in Input prices And outputs from the Decision Making Unit to other Decision Making Units (DMUs)). Manuscript profile

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38 - Ranking Decision Making units in Data Envelopment Analysis based on cooperative games
sanaz asadi rahmati Reza Fallahnejad

Evaluation of decision-making units is very importantin economic and management systems. Data envelopment analysis is one of the scientific and practical techniques for evaluating decision making units. In the conventional models of data envelopment analysis, the units More

Evaluation of decision-making units is very importantin economic and management systems. Data envelopment analysis is one of the scientific and practical techniques for evaluating decision making units. In the conventional models of data envelopment analysis, the units are divided into efficient and inefficient categories, where the efficiency of each efficient unit is one and there is no distinction between efficient units.This study intends to propose a new way of ranking efficient units based on the concepts of cooperative game. The proposed method is that efficient units are considered as players of a cooperative game. A subset of these players is defined as the coalitionS.Then the sum of the efficiency of the inefficient units according to the production possibility set that is created by the inefficient units and the members of the coalitionS is defined as the characteristic function of S, which is used to determine the marginal effect of the efficient units in the various coalitions. Finally, the Shapley value is used to determine the cooperative game solution and rank the efficient units.In the same way that it is able to rank non-extreme units, inefficient units are also effective in ranking, alsois feasiblein any circumstances of return to scale. Manuscript profile

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39 - Providing a model for evaluate the efficiency of supply chain based on information flow using fuzzy network data envelopment analysis
tahmineh Noohi tehrani maryam shoar saber saati mohtadi

Rapid development toward globalization, a competitive market, significant technological advances, and high customer expectations have encouraged companies to reduce costs and increase their competitive advantage. One of the things that can help companies achieve a compe More

Rapid development toward globalization, a competitive market, significant technological advances, and high customer expectations have encouraged companies to reduce costs and increase their competitive advantage. One of the things that can help companies achieve a competitive advantage is supply chain management. Information acts as an intermediary between all activities and operations within the supply chain. The innovation of this research can be shown in two aspects of application and modeling. In terms of application, with a review of the literature and investigating the application of multi-stage and network data development analysis in the supply chain, it was revealed that so far, the efficiency of financial and physical flows in the literature has been evaluated more and the indicators are mostly related to two financial and physical flows in the supply chain, therefore there is more research opportunity to evaluate the efficiency of information flow within the supply chain. Measuring the efficiency of information flow should be an integral part of supply chain management. Therefore, this research aimed to present a model to evaluate the efficiency of information flow in the supply chain. In terms of mathematical modeling, research innovation is considering the model of the network and reversible relationship in the supply chain. With a review of the literature, the indicators are investigated to evaluate the efficiency of information flow in the supply chain, and the validity of indicators is examined by the fuzzy Delphi method. Then the decision making unit and inputs and outputs of the model are introduced. In this research, the fuzzy network data envelopment analysis is used. In order to implement the models, we used the GAMS software. Manuscript profile

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40 - Determining the Russell Technical Efficiency of measure in the Presence of Flexible Factors based on slack variables
Majid Sedighi Hassan Kiyadeh Saber Saati Mohtadi Sohrab Kordrostami

The role of some factors is not completely clear as an input or an output in many real applications of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In other words, some Decision Making Units (DMUs) can use a factor as an input while it may play an output role in other DMUs. This ty More

The role of some factors is not completely clear as an input or an output in many real applications of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In other words, some Decision Making Units (DMUs) can use a factor as an input while it may play an output role in other DMUs. This type of factors is called flexible factors. In this paper, a model is proposed to develop models of flexible factors type in the DEA model. This model, at the same time, minimizes the inputs contraction factor and maximizes the outputs expansion factor in the Russell efficiency measure, in presence of flexible factors. The proposed measure in objective function is linear. In the other words, the relation between the factors is suggested as an additive function. In fact, the proposed model, in contrast the Russell measure is not nonlinear. By an illustrated example, the proposed model is compared with the existing models. Manuscript profile

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41 - Duality analysis in technologies with weak disposability
Homeira Amirmohammadi Alireza Amirteimoori Sohrab Kordrostami Mohsen Vaez-Ghasemi

In data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, the weak disposability axiom has been used for undesirable outputs such as environmental pollutants in many cases. Considering this axiom, different models are exhibited to assess the efficiency of units under evaluation. In th More

In data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, the weak disposability axiom has been used for undesirable outputs such as environmental pollutants in many cases. Considering this axiom, different models are exhibited to assess the efficiency of units under evaluation. In this paper, we express duality in weak disposability models proposed by Kousmanen (2005) and Amirteimoori et al. (2017). In the following, economical interpretations of dual are represented in the abovementioned technologies. Also, projection points for inefficient units will be introduced; then, proposed methods will also be explained in an application that includes different designs for the production line of a company.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manuscript profile

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42 - Cost efficiency in three stage network DEA-R processes
parisa kamyab Mohammad Reza Mozaffari

In many organizations and financial institutions, we don't always have acsses to inputs and outputs to evaluate the decision-making units (DMUs), but rather only a ratio of inputs to outputs ( or reverse) might be available. In DEA, cost efficiency determines input stan More

In many organizations and financial institutions, we don't always have acsses to inputs and outputs to evaluate the decision-making units (DMUs), but rather only a ratio of inputs to outputs ( or reverse) might be available. In DEA, cost efficiency determines input standards based on input costs. In multi-stage network DEA processes, in addition to input standards, cost efficiency would determine the standards for intermediate vectors as well as using linear programming models. In this paper, we calculated efficiency values for each stage, as well as overall efficiency based on a proxuction possibility set (PPS) in three stage network DEA-R processes. Then, we suggest three stage network DEA-R (ratio-based DEA midel) processes which are a combination of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and ratio data then we will propose cost efficiency models in each three stage network DEA-R process. Afterthan, we will determine the standards for outputs and intermediate measures in each stage using the subject of cost efficiency . In the end, overall efficiency and cost efficiency will be evaluated among of 30 Iranian educational research centers during the first half- year of 2015 based on a three stage network DEA-R process. Manuscript profile

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43 - Performance Appraisal of Research and Development Projects Value-Chain for Complex Products and Systems: The Fuzzy Three-Stage DEA Approach
Pejman Peykani Jafar Gheidar-Kheljani

The purpose of the current research is to provide a performance appraisal system capable of considering the value chain network structure of research and development (R&D) projects for Complex products and systems (CoPS) under uncertainty of data. Therefore, in orde More

The purpose of the current research is to provide a performance appraisal system capable of considering the value chain network structure of research and development (R&D) projects for Complex products and systems (CoPS) under uncertainty of data. Therefore, in order to achieve this goal, a network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) approach and the possibilistic programming to provide a new fuzzy network data envelopment analysis (FNDEA) approach have been utilized. It is worth noting that the value chain structure is considered in three phases: research and development, manufacturing and testing and finally operations. Finally, the proposed research approach was implemented using data from 10 Research and Development projects for complex systems and products in Iran and the results indicate the capability and applicability of the proposed approach of fuzzy three-stage data envelopment analysis.Keywords: Research and Development (R&D) Project, Complex Products and Systems (CoPS), Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA), Value-Chain, Uncertainty. Manuscript profile

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44 - Designing a mathematical model for measuring credit risk by credit rating using data coverage analysis model
farid heidarifar farhad hanifi gholamreza zomorodian

An efficient banking system is the most effective means for economic development, and the most important task of banks is to allocate resources in the form of banking facilities, and the design and establishment of the credit rating model has an effective role in increa More

An efficient banking system is the most effective means for economic development, and the most important task of banks is to allocate resources in the form of banking facilities, and the design and establishment of the credit rating model has an effective role in increasing the efficiency of banks in equipping resources. In the current research, the design and explanation of the credit rating model was done using the data envelopment analysis model. Statistical sample related to the information of legal clients admitted to the stock exchange and receiving facilities from Tejarat Bank during the years 2018 to 2019; expressed In this context, 30 explanatory variables including financial and non-financial variables were examined. Among the available variables, finally, using the factor analysis technique and Delphi method, the variables affecting credit risk were selected and entered into the data coverage analysis model, and the efficiency scores of law firms were obtained using them. The results of the comparison of two data coverage analysis models indicate that the validity of the financial model is 0.072 more than the combined model. In the financial approach, 7 companies were efficient and in the combined approach, 12 companies were recognized as efficient. Manuscript profile

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45 - Bootstrap Method and Common Set of Weights in Data Envelopment Analysis to Differentiate Efficient Units
Akbar Amiri saber saati mahtadi alireza amirteimoori

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a broad range of mathematical models for measuring the relative efficiency of a set of homogeneous decision units with similar inputs and outputs. Multiple models of data envelopment analysis render a set of weights for input and outpu More

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a broad range of mathematical models for measuring the relative efficiency of a set of homogeneous decision units with similar inputs and outputs. Multiple models of data envelopment analysis render a set of weights for input and output variables of each decision unit to calculate the relative efficiency of those units based on them. The calculation of different weights for the same indices in a set of homogeneous decision units is not realistic. Therefore, the Common Set of Weights (CSW) method was used to solve this problem and the Bootstrap method was used to determine which common set of weights would minimize the number of efficient units. The rank of a unit can provide useful information to decision-makers on the optimal activities of decision units. The priority order of units defines the superiority of a unit in terms of efficiency and effectiveness over others. Calculating unit efficiency for data envelopment analysis models can be a good criterion for ranking one unit. However, the main problem arises when several efficient units all rank first. This study aimed at proposing a model for ranking efficient units using the Bootstrap method to determine the common set of weights in data envelopment analysis by finding a possible confidence interval for the weights using the Bootstrap method. This led to the estimation of a set of possible common weights for the data envelopment analysis. Efficient units were then identified and ranked based on these weights.. Manuscript profile

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46 - Measuring the cost efficiency in NDEA
Shahruz Fathi Ajirlu Alireza Amirteimoori Sohrab Kordrostami

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a relatively new data oriented approach for evaluating the performance of a set of peer entities called Decision-Making Units (DMUs) which convert multiple inputs into multiple outputs. In a relatively short period of time DEA has grow More

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a relatively new data oriented approach for evaluating the performance of a set of peer entities called Decision-Making Units (DMUs) which convert multiple inputs into multiple outputs. In a relatively short period of time DEA has grown into a powerful quantitative, analytical tool for measuring and evaluating performance. DEA has been successfully applied to a host of different types of entities engaged in a wide variety of activities in many contexts worldwide. The issue of measuring the cost efficiency in manufacturing and economic systems is one of the most important issues in the world. In the real world, there are manufacturing and economic systems that are composed of independent units. One of the ways to measure the cost efficiency for economic and production systems is the DEA technique. This paper presents two network DEA models to measure the cost efficiency of a network model with identical processing components taking into account the individual processing functions in the network structure. In this paper, we examine the cost efficieny model of Färe et al., and through modifying the model of Färe et al., a model has been developed to measure the cost efficiency in economic and manufacturing networks. Manuscript profile

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47 - Evaluate the efficiency of decision making units with classical model and goal programming data envelopment analysis and output correlation with statistical methods in Ghavamin Bank.
golamreza Panahandeh khojin Abbass Toloie Eshlaghy Mohammad Ali Afshar Kazemi

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the efficiency of decision making units with classical model and goal programming data envelopment analysis and output correlation with statistical methods in Ghavamin Bank.Methods: In this paper, data e More

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the efficiency of decision making units with classical model and goal programming data envelopment analysis and output correlation with statistical methods in Ghavamin Bank.Methods: In this paper, data envelopment analysis model based on output- oriented BCC was used to determine the efficiency of provincial branch management in the Ghavamin Bank. As well as to increase the discrimination power of decision-making units more efficient from the inefficient, first models of the default goal programming data envelopment analysis model was examined, then the output models of default as part of the input goal programming data envelopment analysis model was used. Finally, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the classical model and goal programming model in the outputs.Results: According to output amounts output- oriented BCC model all of decision-making units is efficient and value their efficiency is equal to one, then to discriminate higher than the goal programming data envelopment analysis model was used, the results showed that the 32 management 21 units are efficient and the rest are inefficient. The results also showed that there is a significant correlation between the classical model and the goal programming model.Conclusion: The results showed that goal programming data envelopment analysis model in discriminating efficient decision making units from inefficient has higher discrimination power than output- oriented BCC model. Manuscript profile

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48 - Providing a model based on auxiliary variables for calculating the efficiency and effectiveness of metro stations in Tehran in the analysis of data coverage with inputs and outputs
Ali mohammad Gholiha Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Mohammadreza Shahriari Mohsen Vaez-Ghasemi

The relative efficiency of a set of decision makers with multiple inputs and outputs is obtained by analyzing data coverage. One of the main assumptions of the classic models of data envelopment analysis is to consider each decision maker as a black box. Also, the indep More

The relative efficiency of a set of decision makers with multiple inputs and outputs is obtained by analyzing data coverage. One of the main assumptions of the classic models of data envelopment analysis is to consider each decision maker as a black box. Also, the independence of inputs and outputs is relative to each other. In this paper, the performance of subway stations in Tehran is determined by considering the two stage network structure in which the first stage indicates efficiency and the second stage demonstrates its effectiveness, and then, with regard to the presence of indicators, the input depends on In the first and second stages, the two stage models were modified and the resulting model was used for 71 metro stations in Tehran, and finally, 3 effective stations and 2 stations were effective. In total, of the 71 stations, no one of the metro stations have been operating efficiently. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Evaluating and classifying the insurers risk in the insurance industry using data envelopment analysis
Seyyedeh Nasim Shobeiri Mohsen Rostamy- Malkhalifeh Hashem Nikoomaram Mohammadreza Miri Lavasani

One of the most important factors for the economic development of countries is the insurance industry.A closer look at the economies of Developed Countries shows that the insurance industry has a significant contribution in the economic development of these countries. T More

One of the most important factors for the economic development of countries is the insurance industry.A closer look at the economies of Developed Countries shows that the insurance industry has a significant contribution in the economic development of these countries. The insurance industry needs to accept the risk in order to carry out any insurance activity. In the other word, the insurance companies create tranquillity in the society by accepting the risk. On the other hand, the insurance companies need to access to the powerful risk analysis tools in order to manage the potential risks. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is one of the most important techniques to identify the risk resources. Hence, data envelopment analysis is widely used in the insurance industry. This study uses the dataset of the car insurance policies of Saman Insurance Company during the years 2018-2019. First, we identify the effective indicators and examine the properties of these indicators to classify them into input and output groups. Finally, we use data envelopment analysis to propose a model for predictionthe risk of insurers (in terms of existence of damage risk or absence of damage risk). This model can be used in the future policies of the insurance company. For example, the insurance companies can use the results of data envelopment analysis to adjust the premiums received from different insurers and increase the satisfaction for insurers and their profitability by creating a rating system based on the insurers 'risk. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Efficiency Evaluation of Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis Model Based on Triangular Intuitionistic Fuzzy numbers andslack variables
nafiseh javaherian Ali Hamzehee Hossein sayyadi Tooranloo Reza Soleymani-Damaneh

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is one of the best tools for evaluating the performance of decision-making units. Traditional DEA fails to measure efficient and inefficient units and evaluate the performance of network systems, and traditional models of DEA do not pay a More

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is one of the best tools for evaluating the performance of decision-making units. Traditional DEA fails to measure efficient and inefficient units and evaluate the performance of network systems, and traditional models of DEA do not pay attention to internal structures and intermediate values. For this reason, in recent years, DEA model, known as network Data Envelopment Analysis models, have been introduced, this models eliminated this deficiency by considering intermediate values. In this paper, DEA based on network two-stage and slack variables and triangular intuitionistic fuzzy data is used to identify the efficiency of units. At first, the two-stage DEA model is introduced and then the model is transformed based on intuitionistic fuzzy coefficients and variables and finally it is converted to crisp two-stage structures by arithmetic operators on intuitionistic fuzzy data. The importance of this model is to measure the values of slack variables, which based on the Tone and Tsutsui model optimizes the intermediate values for inefficient units and ultimately shows better inefficiency. Finally, the optimized intermediate values are considered in the proposed model and thus are improved the overall efficiency of the system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - A Hybrid Data Envelopment Analysis Method for Solving Decision Making Problems with GTHF Numbers
tayebeh Rezaei Taziani mahnaz barkhordariahmadi mohamad reza Balooch Shahryari

To face uncertainty in the real world, the two value logic has gradually replaced the fuzzy logic. In some real world problems, accurate determination of membership value is difficult and decision- making is associated with uncertainty and hesitation. This new perspecti More

To face uncertainty in the real world, the two value logic has gradually replaced the fuzzy logic. In some real world problems, accurate determination of membership value is difficult and decision- making is associated with uncertainty and hesitation. This new perspective manages the uncertainty caused by hesitation. Generalized trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy numbers (GTHFN), whose membership degree is expressed by several trapezoidal fuzzy number, is best suited to solve the decision-making problem in real life than real numbers. In this paper, we refer to a new concept called 'generalized trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy numbers' and its combination with data envelopment analysis. Using this information, we consider the deviation and the score values as input and output of the data envelopment analysis model in two stages respectively; then we used the result to construct a paired comparison matrix and eventually we prioritize the receivers decision making units. To use some concepts in the proposed decision making method, we first present some definitions of concepts such as the score and deviation functions from the generalized trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy numbers. Finally, a numerical example is presented for the proposed method to confirm its applicability, and the ranking result is compared with the methods of AP, TOPSIS with GTHF number and the weighted geometric operator in [7]. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Provide a mathematical model for selecting suppliers in the supply chain based on profit efficiency calculations
H. Saleh F. Hosseinzadeh Lotfi M. Rostmay-Malkhalifeh M. Shafiee

One of the most important issues in managers' decisions is supplier selection and supply chain evaluation. Therefore, several studies have been conducted on supplier selection and evaluation by data envelopment analysis. But studies so far have focused on selecting supp More

One of the most important issues in managers' decisions is supplier selection and supply chain evaluation. Therefore, several studies have been conducted on supplier selection and evaluation by data envelopment analysis. But studies so far have focused on selecting suppliers and evaluating them. And there is no way to determine the number of suppliers in a supply chain. Therefore, in this article, we first express the concept of profit efficiency for supply chains and using the proposed model in this paper, the number and type of suppliers in a supply chain are determined simultaneously. Finally, 10 "supply chains" in the food industry were examined and the profit efficiency of each of them was calculated using the proposed model in this article, and then the number and type of suppliers in each chain were determined. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Supplier Ranking Using Data Envelopment Analysis and New Cross Efficiency Evaluation in the Presence of Undesirable Outputs
Mehdi Soltanifar Hamid SHarafi Seyyed Mohammad Zargar Mehdi Homayounfar

Data envelopment analysis is a linear programming-based approach used to evaluate the relative performance of decision making units (DMU's) that perform the same tasks with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. Due to the optimistic view of the DEA in evaluating the per More

Data envelopment analysis is a linear programming-based approach used to evaluate the relative performance of decision making units (DMU's) that perform the same tasks with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. Due to the optimistic view of the DEA in evaluating the performance of homogeneous decision making units, multiple units with a maximum relative efficiency score (equal to unit) are highly likely. Therefore, ranking models were presented to distinguish between efficient units. Cross efficiency evaluation is one of the most useful tools for ranking DMUs in data envelopment analysis. This model has two major flaws in implementation. First, it yields different results in the presence of optimal alternatives; and second, there is no compelling reason to use the arithmetic mean to integrate the cross-performance matrix results. In this paper, a new approach, inspired by the preferential voting process and the idea proposed in the TOPSIS method, is presented to combine cross-performance results in the presence of undesirable outputs. The results are then used to rank suppliers in the presence of undesirable outputs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Centralized Limited Resource Allocation in Data Envelopment Analysis with Stochastic Data
Najmeh Malekmohammadi

The performance and resources allocation in large organizations such as banks, universities, and airports are one of the most important indicators in organizational management science. In this paper, by data envelopment analysis, which is a very powerful method of evalu More

The performance and resources allocation in large organizations such as banks, universities, and airports are one of the most important indicators in organizational management science. In this paper, by data envelopment analysis, which is a very powerful method of evaluating the efficiency of organizations, we analyze and review the performance and resource allocation. The optimal allocation of resources in organizations is considered to be the most important tool for implementing a long-term strategy and program for them, and the policies and objectives of the organization's plan are reflected in resources allocation of the activities. Indeed, given the importance of future organizations' performance, managers, taking into account the efficiency of each unit, provide strategies for target setting and how to allocate resources, including human resources, financial costs, technological facilities, and so on. On the other hand, given that actual data in organizations are usually random and stochastic, this paper addresses methods for allocating resources with stochastic data. Also, in line with this research, we will devise strategies for allocating resources as well as confronting limited resources in stochastic data, which will result in a new model for data envelopment analysis. In this model, stochastic data are presented with probability distribution due to probability. One of the most valuable achievements in this paper is to resolve the problem of allocating appropriate and optimal limited resources with stochastic data. Finally, with numerical results, the advantages of the new model are shown in relation to the previous models with stochastic data. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - رویکرد معادل‌سازی دوره‌ای با داده‌های بازه‌ای در ارزیابی کارایی پویا شبکه‌های چند مرحله-ای
Alireza Ebrahimi Baqa Farhad Hossein Zadeh Lotfi Alireza Amir Timuri Mohsen Rostami malKhalife

در این مقاله ارزیابی کارایی دینامیکی واحدهایی با ساختارشبکه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای تحت داده‌های بازه‌ای برای مدل‌های تحلیل پوششی شبکه‌ای(NDEA) انجام می‌شود. هدف این مطالعه مدل‌سازی با ایده معاد‌ل‌سازی دوره‌ای به منظور ارزیابی میزان کارایی پویا زیر‌ساختارها و شبکه‌ نهایی، با داد More

در این مقاله ارزیابی کارایی دینامیکی واحدهایی با ساختارشبکه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای تحت داده‌های بازه‌ای برای مدل‌های تحلیل پوششی شبکه‌ای(NDEA) انجام می‌شود. هدف این مطالعه مدل‌سازی با ایده معاد‌ل‌سازی دوره‌ای به منظور ارزیابی میزان کارایی پویا زیر‌ساختارها و شبکه‌ نهایی، با داده‌های بازه‌ای در دوره‌های زمانی معین می‌باشد. مدل پیشنهادی این پژوهش، یک مدل غیرشعاعی با تکنولوژی تعریف شده و بر اساس الگوی واحد کارای قوی در قالب یک شبکه تبدیلی‌ مجازی است که قابلیت ارزیابی چندین زیر فرایند را دارد. همچنین این مدل تعامل و ارتباط بین زیر فرایندها و کل شبکه را در هر مرحله و هر دوره به صورت تام در نظر می‌گیرد و بر اساس داده‌های بازه‌ای، کارایی شبکه نهایی (شبکه کل) و زیرفرایندها را دریک بازه، محاسبه می-نماید. این مدل مناسبات و تنظیمات بین زیر فرایندها را در یک ساختار شبکه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای پویا، برای کارا شدن فراهم می-نماید. همچنین با یک مثال کاربردی بر مبنای ایده این پژوهش و مدل‌های استنتاجی آن، کارایی دینامیکی در یک دوره چهار ساله در واحدهای تولیدی با داده‌های بازه‌ای وکراندار مورد ارزیابی و سنجش قرار گرفته است. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - A two-stage DEA approach to measure the performance of multi-activity bank branches
Ali Hadi Alireza Amirteimoori Sohrab Kordrostami Saeid Mehrabian

10.30495/jnrm.2022.58300.2030

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric method for measuring the efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and outputs. This research used the original DEA model and extended it to solve the DEA efficiency measurement problem, specifical More

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric method for measuring the efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and outputs. This research used the original DEA model and extended it to solve the DEA efficiency measurement problem, specifically for unseparated shared inputs. The consideration of this context aims to establish a new DEA approach to explore bank branch performance in different activities based on the optimal usage of unseparated shared inputs. In this study, in the first stage, the efficiency score is calculated from several activities using graph efficiency, and then, a maximum efficiency score pertaining to each DMU is applied to propose a new model. In the second stage, the efficiency score, which is calculated by the new approach on unseparated shared inputs, is defined as a new constraint based on shared inputs on the CCR model. This approach is implemented on the real data of 25 branches of a private bank in Iran. In fact, the efficiency of each branch is calculated, and enhancement guidelines are presented considering the three activities of production, electronic banking, and intermediation. Presenting one real efficiency score for each DMU, instead of the traditional efficiency score, leads to more robust decisions based on a more transparent performance evaluation in bank branches. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Designing a Dynamic two-stage data envelopment analysis model to calculate partial and periodic efficiency
Reza Soleymani-Damaneh

The measurement of organizational efficiency has always been discussed by various researchers. Data envelopment analysis, taking the inputs and outputs of the decision-making units into account, makes it possible to calculate the relative efficiency for each unit. Many More

The measurement of organizational efficiency has always been discussed by various researchers. Data envelopment analysis, taking the inputs and outputs of the decision-making units into account, makes it possible to calculate the relative efficiency for each unit. Many organizations have a two-stage structure, and their performance in successive periods depends on each other. In evaluating such a structure, partial and periodic efficiency must be calculated. Early models and network and dynamic models are not able to calculate this performance alone. Models of existing dynamic networks are also unable to provide a projection for inefficient units or solve all challenges. In this study, by defining the PPS, an input-oriented dynamic two-stage DEA was developed. In this model, the optimal value of the intermediate and carryover variables is determined by the next stage and period, and the stages and periods become efficient backward from the last stage of the last period. In addition to the total structure, the model makes efficient all stages and periods and only becomes an efficient unit if it is efficient in all stages and periods. It was also proved that the projection of the unit to be evaluated is partial, periodic, and total efficient. How to use the model to calculate efficiency was expressed by a practical three periodical example. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - Most Productive Scale Size with Environmental Factors in Data Envelopment Analysis
Hajar Haghighatpisheh Sohrab Kordrostami Alireza Amirteimoori

Nowadays, evaluating the efficiency of entities and knowing how resources should be organized is a significant aspect in order to achieve optimal results. One of methods for the performance evaluation is data envelopment analysis (DEA). Also, one of the important DEA to More

Nowadays, evaluating the efficiency of entities and knowing how resources should be organized is a significant aspect in order to achieve optimal results. One of methods for the performance evaluation is data envelopment analysis (DEA). Also, one of the important DEA topics is the most productive scale size (MPSS) estimation. Due to the presence of undesirable factors in the production systems, models are suggested in this paper for evaluating MPSS and determining the largest and smallest MPSS (nearest and farthest points of MPSS) while undesirable outputs with weak disposability are available. Models proposed determine the role of environmental factors in the performance estimation of units. These models can be used in factories, hospitals and as well as environmental protection for continual monitoring on the environmental situation affected by industrial activities and also showing the impact of environmental factors in measuring the efficiency. We use data from the Chinese industry to present the theoretical results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - Determining the efficiency, satisfaction and productivity of the public transportation system using data envelopment analysis and its applied study on Mashhad bus lines
Maliheh Shahkooeei Farzad Rezai Balf Mohsen Rabbani Mehdi Fallah Jelodar

10.30495/jnrm.2022.19381.2187

The trend of population growth and development of cities in recent decades has led to the use of vehicles, both private and public. Meanwhile, public transportation has attracted a lot of attention due to its economic viability. Therefore, urban planning officials and m More

The trend of population growth and development of cities in recent decades has led to the use of vehicles, both private and public. Meanwhile, public transportation has attracted a lot of attention due to its economic viability. Therefore, urban planning officials and municipalities try to solve problems such as; Environmental pollution, heavy traffic congestion, insecurity on some roads, severe accidents on some roads and excessive consumption of fuel suitable for vehicles (including oil - diesel and gasoline) are to consider appropriate measures. Data envelopment analysis with appropriate mathematical solutions can be an accurate and comprehensive tool to investigate such situations, so that managers can use it to make the best decision and remove existing barriers. Our goal in this article is to determine the efficiency, satisfaction and productivity (productivity in efficiency, productivity in satisfaction) of public vehicles, specifically 10 bus lines in Mashhad, so that their productivity in three consecutive years 91, 92 and 93 has been evaluated and the ratio of productivity in satisfaction to productivity in efficiency of each line has been calculated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Reduction Difference Between the Profile weights in Stochastic cross-efficiency
Somayeh Rahmani Mohsen Khounsiavash Reza Kazemi Matin Zohreh MOGHADAS

Cross-efficiency method is a useful tool for efficiency evaluation of decision-making units in data envelopment analysis. The issue of non-uniqueness of optimal weights in the cross-efficiency evaluation has reduced the usefulness of this powerful method. This paper int More

Cross-efficiency method is a useful tool for efficiency evaluation of decision-making units in data envelopment analysis. The issue of non-uniqueness of optimal weights in the cross-efficiency evaluation has reduced the usefulness of this powerful method. This paper introduces a new method for selection of weights profiles as the secondary goal in cross-efficiency with stochastic data. The issue of zero-weight which implies the exclusion of some variables from the assessments, is also addressed in the new proposed method. The provided weights selection method also reduces the weight disparity in the achieved weights profile. In the peer-restricted stochastic cross-efficiency evaluation, the new approach guarantees that different DMUs should not attach very different weights to the same variables. As the result, a common set of weights using the idea of similarity between sets of weights is achieved in the proposed computation method. Some numerical examples are also used for illustration and comparison purposes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - An enhanced Russell model to measure aggregate efficiency of multi-period production systems
Mohammad Najari Alamouti Mohsen Khounsiavash Reza Kazimi Matin Zohreh Moghaddas

Performance evaluation of the production systems by considering data related to different time periods is one of the most important issues of production theory. In this paper, a new method for measuring the aggregative efficiency of multi-period production systems using More

Performance evaluation of the production systems by considering data related to different time periods is one of the most important issues of production theory. In this paper, a new method for measuring the aggregative efficiency of multi-period production systems using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique is proposed. The provided approach could be considered as extension of the radial methods in the literature. An extended Russell based model is presented for the first time to measure aggregative efficiency with respect to the time intervals of the production stages. One of the useful features of the proposed model is that the inefficiency of the existing aggregative approach is detected in one step without need to account for the second stage of optimizing slack variables. Some properties and advantages of the new model is discussed. Finally, to illustrate the applicability of the new approach, two practical examples are investigated and analyzed. The results show the good performance of the proposed method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - Resource Allocation in Data Envelopment Analysis on Fuzzy inputs and outputs
Esmat Noroozi Hamid SHarafi

10.30495/jnrm.2022.64812.2194

Abstract: Data envelopment analysis technique is used to evaluate the relative efficiency of a set of decision-making units that have been studied in different fields. One of the important issues in data envelopment analysis is sensitivity analysis. Many articles have b More

Abstract: Data envelopment analysis technique is used to evaluate the relative efficiency of a set of decision-making units that have been studied in different fields. One of the important issues in data envelopment analysis is sensitivity analysis. Many articles have been presented in this field by researchers, sometimes managers are concentrating on issues that would be critical to allocate a fixed cost to decision-making units. Since in real problems the primary data are not precise but interval, ordinal, and qualitative therefore this study have been discussed this issue and present a model for assigning a fuzzy fixed cost to decision-making units. Moreover, the inputs and outputs of all units are assumed to be fuzzy and the allocation of new costs should be such that the highest number of inefficient units become efficient. At the end, this model has been utilized in two numerical examples and the results have been presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - Measuring Inefficiency Slacks of Network Systems in the presence of ‎Shared Resources
Hossein Azizi Shahruz Fathi Ajirlu

Performance evaluation is one of the important tasks of management in order to better understand the &lrm;past successes of a manufacturing unit and plan for its future development. The goal is to determine &lrm;whether the unit can be expected to increase its output wi More

Performance evaluation is one of the important tasks of management in order to better understand the &lrm;past successes of a manufacturing unit and plan for its future development. The goal is to determine &lrm;whether the unit can be expected to increase its output with current input, or while maintaining the &lrm;current production output, how much savings in input can be made merely by increasing efficiency. A &lrm;system is usually composed of multiple parts, each with a specific function. When we are interested in &lrm;the performance of the system as a whole unit, where only inputs coming into the system and outputs &lrm;going out of the system are considered, it is called whole unit or black box analysis, because how &lrm;inputs are converted into outputs through intermediate products is not considered. The whole unit &lrm;analysis provides a general idea of the performance of a unit. However, since the system usually &lrm;consists of several interrelated parts, ignoring the functions of constituent parts may cause misleading &lrm;results. To properly evaluate the performance of a system, this article proposes a set of additive &lrm;models. The proposed models measure the inefficiency slacks of a system from both optimistic and &lrm;pessimistic views. Therefore, an overall performance evaluation for each system is obtained. An &lrm;example of the banking industry in Iran is offered to explain how to calculate the inefficiency slacks &lrm;of the system and processes.&lrm; Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - Computing the efficiency interval of decision making units (DMUs) having interval inputs and outputs with the presence of negative data
M. Rostamy-Malkhalifeh F. seyed Esmaeili

The basic assumption in data envelopment analysis patterns (DEA) (such as the CCR andBCC models) is that the value of data related to the inputs and outputs is a precise andpositive number, but most of the time in real conditions of business, determining precisenumerica More

The basic assumption in data envelopment analysis patterns (DEA) (such as the CCR andBCC models) is that the value of data related to the inputs and outputs is a precise andpositive number, but most of the time in real conditions of business, determining precisenumerical value is not possible in for some inputs or outputs. For this purpose, differentmodels have been proposed in DEA for imprecise data over recent years and also severalresearches have been conducted on DEA that are able to evaluate efficiency with negativedata. The negative interval DEA pattern which has been introduced and used in the presentstudy, addresses uncertainty both in inputs and outputs and provides user with more stableand reliable results for decision making.Now, in this paper a model is presented that is able to compute efficiency interval of unitswith interval input and output that while some indicators can also be negative and then weprove that the efficiency interval that this model gives us is more precise compared toefficiency interval of models previously proposed and finally, ten decision making units(DMUs) with the negative imprecise (interval) data are investigated by the proposed modeland the results of the proposed model are compared with the results of the previous models. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

65 - Cost Efficiency of Closed–Loop Supply Chain in the Presence of Dual-Role and Undesirable Factors
M. Jahani Sayyad Noveiri S. Kordrostami A.R. Amirteimoori

Supply chain management is essential for the success of firms and customer satisfaction. In addition, a suitable performance evaluation system is vital to the effective management of the supply chain. Due to the importance of cost management in the supply chain, an appr More

Supply chain management is essential for the success of firms and customer satisfaction. In addition, a suitable performance evaluation system is vital to the effective management of the supply chain. Due to the importance of cost management in the supply chain, an approach based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is proposed in the current study for evaluating the cost efficiency of closed-loop supply chains while dual-role factors and undesirable outputs exist. DEA is a beneficial mathematical programming method for evaluating and analyzing the relative efficiency of decision maker units with multiple inputs and outputs. Indeed, in this study, the cost efficiency scores of supply chains with three components, supplier, manufacturer and repair and recycling, as well as forward and reverse flows are measured using DEA technique. The assumption of weak disposability on undesirable outputs is considered. Also, a case study is provided to illustrate and to analyze the proposed method. The results show a correct identification of the role of the factors and the incorporation of the undesirable and reversible factors in supply chain systems play the important role in the correct calculation of the cost efficiency in each of components and whole supply chain. Moreover, in the introduced method, the overall cost efficiency can be represented as the weighted sum of the cost efficiency of components. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

66 - Efficiency Evaluation by using mixed modeling of Data Envelopment Analysis and Balanced Scorecard- A Case Study in the banking industry
M. Fallah Jelodar

The first objective in any financial organization is to improve performance, and performance evaluation also is one of the best ways to advance operations in organizations. By utilizing different methods of performance evaluation, organizations can evaluate the effectiv More

The first objective in any financial organization is to improve performance, and performance evaluation also is one of the best ways to advance operations in organizations. By utilizing different methods of performance evaluation, organizations can evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of processes that are in accord with strategic objectives. In addition, the performance evaluation instruments can help organizations with resource allocation and appropriate distribution of these resources. So far, many performance evaluation methods have been introduced which among them, traditional approaches only focus on the financial aspects and do not concern the non-financial. This article primarily concerns the linking of strategy maps and performance indicators that provides a structure of performance evaluation for the Saderat Bank of Tehran; and in the next step evaluates efficiency of bank branches by using Data Envelopment Analysis method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

67 - Weighted Optimal Path in Graph with Multiple Indexes
M. Nikjoo F. Rezai Balf

This paper represents a technique for finding optimal paths with multiple indexes in a graph. Up to the present time, all optimal paths have been determined upon one index, say, distance for which an evaluation method exists. In this paper firstly we define multiple ind More

This paper represents a technique for finding optimal paths with multiple indexes in a graph. Up to the present time, all optimal paths have been determined upon one index, say, distance for which an evaluation method exists. In this paper firstly we define multiple indexes for each edge in such a way that anyone can treat the factor for assigning an optimal path. Here, we use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique for designing a model that can identify optimal paths with multiple indexes, and separate them from the other paths. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

68 - Measuring robust overall profit efficiency with uncertainty in input and output price vectors
M.A. Raayatpanah N. Aghayia

The classic overall profit needs precise information of inputs, outputs, inputs and outputs price vectors. In real word, all data are not certain. Therefore, in this case, stochastic and fuzzy methods use for measuring overall profit efficiency. These methods require mo More

The classic overall profit needs precise information of inputs, outputs, inputs and outputs price vectors. In real word, all data are not certain. Therefore, in this case, stochastic and fuzzy methods use for measuring overall profit efficiency. These methods require more information about the data such as probability distribution function or data membership function, which in some cases may not have sufficient information to estimate them, and only we have knowledge about the parameters so that they change in a convex space that is closed and bounded. Therefore, in this paper, we consider a budget uncertainty model in the robust optimization problem that able to adjust the conservative degree. The robust model by the input and output price vectors is proposed to compute overall profit efficiency measure. To illustrate the application of the proposed method, a numerical example is presented and the results show that the robust overall efficiency of the decision making units is higher than the optimistic model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

69 - Bank branches efficiency assessment using dynamic data envelopment analysis approach to SBM
M. Shafiee

A new approach or model to the dynamic DEA, referred to as the adjusted dynamic DEA, is proposed in this study. Adjusted dynamic DEA optimizes the production activity of DMUs by introducing adjustment variables to modify the interconnecting activities between consecutiv More

A new approach or model to the dynamic DEA, referred to as the adjusted dynamic DEA, is proposed in this study. Adjusted dynamic DEA optimizes the production activity of DMUs by introducing adjustment variables to modify the interconnecting activities between consecutive terms, solving conflicts that arise between terms and between management and shareholders. The non-oriented SBM model is used as a base model and is extended to the adjusted dynamic framework, where adjustment variables are introduced. In order to examine the applicability of the proposed method, the model is applied to evaluate the efficiency of ten branches of ten branches of an Iranian bank during three consecutive terms. The adjusted dynamic SBM model under variable return to scale (VRS) is solved and reference units for each inefficient DMU are identified. In addition, the slacks and adjustment variables are analyzed and further suggestions about the efficient conditions to the management are provided. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

70 - Ranking Efficient DMUs in Two-stage Network DEA with Common Weights method
M. Ahadzadeh namin E. Khamseh

Two stages DEA models are used in many fields of management and industry. One of the concepts that has attracted the attention of researchers in the theory of production is the concept of ranking the units with a two-stage network. A unit ranking can provide useful info More

Two stages DEA models are used in many fields of management and industry. One of the concepts that has attracted the attention of researchers in the theory of production is the concept of ranking the units with a two-stage network. A unit ranking can provide useful information to decision makers (DMUs) about optimal decision making activities. This concept defines the superiority of a unit in terms of efficiency and effectiveness on other units. The calculation of the efficiency of the units in the two-stage DEA network was performed, and the efficiency of the two-stage unit could be a suitable criterion for ranking one unit. But the main problem is the time when some efficient units all rank as one. So far, there is no linear model for solving this problem.The purpose of this research is to provide a model for ranking of effecient units using the common weight method in a two-stage DEA network. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

71 - Modified Goal Programming Approach for Improving the Discrimination Power and Weights Dispersion
Sahand Daneshvar Nazila Shahi Fariba Najafzadeh

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a technique based on linear programming (LP) to measure the relative efficiency of homogeneous units by considering inputs and outputs. The lack of discrimination among efficient decision making units (DMUs) and unrealistic input-outpu More

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a technique based on linear programming (LP) to measure the relative efficiency of homogeneous units by considering inputs and outputs. The lack of discrimination among efficient decision making units (DMUs) and unrealistic input-outputs weights have been known as the drawback of DEA. In this paper the new scheme based on a goal programming data envelopment analysis (GPDEA) are developed to moderate the homogeneity and reasonability of weights distribution by using of facet analysis On GPDEA (GPDEA-CCR and GPDEA-BCC) models. These modifications are done by considering the lower bounds for each individual inputs and outputs weights in standard CCR model and an upper bound just for free variable of standard BCC model. In the both of the cases the mentioned modification preserved the inputs and outputs weights from zero value. The modified GPDEA models also improve the discrimination power of DEA. The advantages of each modified GPDEA-CCR and GPDEA-BCC models are shown by some examples. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

72 - The Uniqueness of the Overall Assurance Interval for Epsilon in DEA Models by the Direction Method
S. Mehrabian

The role of non-Archimedean  in the DEA models has been clarified, so that the associatedlinear programs can be infeasible (for the multiplier side) and unbounded (for theenvelopment side) with an unsuitable choice of  . This paper shows that the overallassurance inte More

The role of non-Archimedean  in the DEA models has been clarified, so that the associatedlinear programs can be infeasible (for the multiplier side) and unbounded (for theenvelopment side) with an unsuitable choice of  . This paper shows that the overallassurance interval for  in DEA models is unique by the concept of extreme directions. Also,it presents an assurance value for  using only simple computations on inputs and outputs ofDMUs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

73 - Utilizing Robust Data Envelopment Analysis Model for Measuring Efficiency of Stock, A case study: Tehran Stock Exchange
Pejman Peykani Emran Mohammadi Armin Jabbarzadeh Alireza Jandaghian

Uncertainty is a prominent feature of real world problems and more especially financialmarkets; with this in mind, dealing with uncertainty becomes a necessary part of performanceevaluation by means of data envelopment analysis. This paper presents three robust dataenve More

Uncertainty is a prominent feature of real world problems and more especially financialmarkets; with this in mind, dealing with uncertainty becomes a necessary part of performanceevaluation by means of data envelopment analysis. This paper presents three robust dataenvelopment analysis (DEA) models and their application for performance evaluation inTehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Based on the results, the evaluated performance of stocks andthe number of efficient stocks is decreased in all three models by increasing the level ofuncertainty. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

74 - Ranking of decision making units based on cross efficiency by undesirable outputs and uncertainity
N. Aghayi

Cross efficiency is one of the useful methods for ranking of decision making units (DMUs) in data envelopment analysis (DEA). Since the optimal solutions of inputs and outputs weights are not unique so the selection of them are not simple and the ranks of DMUs can be ch More

Cross efficiency is one of the useful methods for ranking of decision making units (DMUs) in data envelopment analysis (DEA). Since the optimal solutions of inputs and outputs weights are not unique so the selection of them are not simple and the ranks of DMUs can be changed by the difference weights. Thus, in this paper, we introduce a method for ranking of DMUs which does not have a unique problem. In the real life, the outputs can be shown as desirable and undesirable outputs. So it is important to provide models for the ranking of DMUs in present of desirable and undesirable outputs. The classic DEA models deals with certain data. But, in the real word, all data are not necessarily certain. For solve of this problem, we present a new method that compute the ranks of all DMUs by uncertain data and calculate the lower and upper bounds for the ranks of DMUs. Finally, the results of a simple example are given. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

75 - Uniquely classifying flexible measures by a CWS model
m. korzedin m. mirbolouki

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) deals with evaluating a set of decision-making units (DMUs) based on nonparametric mathematical approaches. In classical DEA models, the given set of factors of DMUs is divided into two categories, inputs and outputs, while in some practi More

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) deals with evaluating a set of decision-making units (DMUs) based on nonparametric mathematical approaches. In classical DEA models, the given set of factors of DMUs is divided into two categories, inputs and outputs, while in some practical problems there are some measures whose membership to these categories is unclear. It means these factors treat different input or output roll for various DMUs. This kind of factors is known as a flexible measure. The proposed models for this purpose are DMU-oriented in which each DMU evaluate its efficiency and classify flexible measures for all other DMUs regards to its benefit. This classification may not be optimal for every DMUs. In this paper, we present a model based on a common set of weights (CSW). The advantage of the proposed model is to classify flexible measures uniquely for all DMUs. At the end of paper, the proposed model is applied in an example of wind power farms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

76 - Utilizing Monte Carlo Method for Ranking Extreme Efficient Units in Data Envelopment Analysis
Gh-R .Jahanshahloo M. Zahedi-Seresht

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a mathematical programming method for calculatingefficiency of decision making units (DMU). In calculating the efficiency score of unitsthrough DEA we may come up with some efficient units. But the question is among theseefficient unit More

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a mathematical programming method for calculatingefficiency of decision making units (DMU). In calculating the efficiency score of unitsthrough DEA we may come up with some efficient units. But the question is among theseefficient units which of them is better. As we know, it is possible to rank inefficient unitsthrough efficiency score; however, for ranking efficient units it is not helpful and othermethods should be developed in these regards. To obviate this problem there have been somany attempts in the literature which have their pros and cons. Cross-efficiency method wasfirst introduced by Sexon et al. for ranking efficient units. The major problem of this methodis alternative optimal solutions in each model which must be solved for each DMU. Anotherproblem of this method is dependency of obtained solutions on the solution obtained by otherunits. Another method which has widely been used is super efficiency, presented byAnderson and Petersen. There are several flaws in their suggested method. Infeasibility,instability, dependency of the model on the input and output orientation and non-zero slackvariables are the weaknesses of this method which may occur in specific problems. Thisarticle is an attempt to present a method which does not have the aforementioned problemsand can be utilized to calculate the rank of extreme efficient units through using the Hit orMiss Monte Carlo method. At the end of the article some examples are made in order to showthe efficiency of the presented method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

77 - The Most Productive Scale Compared to Demand Fulfillment (Case Study: Insurance Companies)
M. Ahadzadeh namin E. Khamseh

Economics depends on the economic scale of planning. Economists study the characteristics of the production function, while community operating management focuses on demand realization, so that loss of sales or inventory prevents cost reductions and maximizes profits. H More

Economics depends on the economic scale of planning. Economists study the characteristics of the production function, while community operating management focuses on demand realization, so that loss of sales or inventory prevents cost reductions and maximizes profits. However, companies with a lack of capacity need to achieve economies of scale and demand to realize them simultaneously, especially when corporate demand is fluctuating. But always the customer's demand is not equal to output, the demand level may be less than the maximum output level of the highest productivity scale (MPSS), between the highest output level of the MPSS and the maximum output level, or greater than the maximum output level. In this paper, we intend to find the highest level of productivity in relation to the demand for active insurance companies in 1396 in all three scenarios. In fact, we will examine the applicability of Lee's (2016) paper in insurance companies in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

78 - A DEA approach for investigating the effect of computerized maintenance management system on staff productivity: A case Study
M. Soltani A. Hadi-Vencheh

According to the growing trend of IT-based systems, implementation of computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) in Iran’s power industry can dramatically help in optimized management of maintenance activities, and thereby, reducing equipment failures, incr More

According to the growing trend of IT-based systems, implementation of computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) in Iran’s power industry can dramatically help in optimized management of maintenance activities, and thereby, reducing equipment failures, increasing reliability, increasing product stability and, above all, increasing efficiency and productivity of the employees of this industry. The aim of this article was to examine the impact of computerizing the maintenance and repair process on efficiency of the staff of Isfahan south power plant, measure the efficiency of staff, identification of efficient and inefficient staff, rating of efficient staff, and finally, to investigate and compare the effect of factors influencing their efficiency to increase the organization productivity with job satisfaction approach. To do this, after identifying factors contributing to job satisfaction of employees through questionnaires distributed among 40 employees associated with CMMS, a DEA including four job satisfaction inputs and outputs was defined. With solving the model by CCR method, the efficient and inefficient employees were determined. The results of sensitivity analysis on model inputs determined the effect of each input on the output in accordance with the following ranking:1. Workplace safety and ergonomics2. Computerizing maintenance management system (CMMS)3. Training4. Job natureThe results indicated that the CMMS has the second ranking among other influential factors. Finally, the efficient personnel were ranked by Anderson Peterson method Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

79 - Bankruptcy Assessment with the Interval Programming and Games Theory
A. Batamiz M. Allahdadi

Some of the parameters in issues of the reality world are uncertainty. One of the uncertain problems with the qualitative parameters is economic problems such as bankruptcy problem. In this case, there is a probability of dealing with imprecise concepts including the in More

Some of the parameters in issues of the reality world are uncertainty. One of the uncertain problems with the qualitative parameters is economic problems such as bankruptcy problem. In this case, there is a probability of dealing with imprecise concepts including the intervals regarding the official’s viewpoint, organizations’ managers. Accordingly, this article uses the concepts of data envelopment analysis (DEA) game theory’ applications that it is appeared in all areas of studies, and combining it with uncertainty models like intervals, assess bankruptcy and specify the pessimistic and optimistic interval for bankruptcy assessment that hep us to assess uncertain concepts in economics and in the problems that we have certain, converting to interval programming a, is studied problems simply. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

80 - Supplier Selection in Supply Chain Management by Data Envelopment Analysis
Z. Moghaddas M. Vaez-Ghasemi B. Rahnama Parchekoalei

Nowadays, managing a supply chain is turned to be one of the fundamentals of business process. In doing so, investigating and analyzing each and every of the processes and selecting the best of each process is an important challenge for strategic managers. In this paper More

Nowadays, managing a supply chain is turned to be one of the fundamentals of business process. In doing so, investigating and analyzing each and every of the processes and selecting the best of each process is an important challenge for strategic managers. In this paper Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique is used and a model is provided for selecting the best suppliers with flexible inputs and outputs. Here, suppliers according to the different requirements of the next stage can be flexible for providing the already forecasting alterations. As an instance, transporting one of the flexible outputs can be considered which can be sent from the earth, sea, or the air. This has the direct effect on the selection of the best suppliers and according to this selection the new chain will be selected in accordance to the requirements of the whole chain. In this paper, according to DEA models and the binary algorithm, a new model will be presented for suppliers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

81 - Portfolio Optimization Based on Cross Efficiencies By Linear Model of Conditional Value at Risk Minimization
K. Yakideh M.H . Gholizadeh M. Kazmi

Markowitz model is the first modern formulation of portfolio optimization problem. Relyingon historical return of stocks as basic information and using variance as a risk measure aretow drawbacks of this model. Since Markowitz model has been presented, many effortshave More

Markowitz model is the first modern formulation of portfolio optimization problem. Relyingon historical return of stocks as basic information and using variance as a risk measure aretow drawbacks of this model. Since Markowitz model has been presented, many effortshave been done to remove theses drawbacks. On one hand several better risk measures havebeen introduced and proper models have been developed to detect optimized portfolio basedon them. On the other hand the idea of using generated data by data envelopment analysisinstead of historical return of stocks has been presented.In this paper, both improvements are collected by applying a conditional value at riskminimization linear model on cross efficiencies, generated by a proper model of dataenvelopment analysis model, called range adjusted model. Performance of proposedmethod, market portfolio as a benchmark and method of applying Markowitz model oncross efficiencies calculated according to sharp ratio using next year real return of eachportfolio during years of study. Results support proper performance of proposed method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

82 - Classifying Flexible Factors Using Fuzzy Concept
S. Saati N. Imani

In Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), it is assumed that the role of each factor is known asinput or output. However, in some cases, there are shared factors that their input versusoutput status is not clearly known. These are flexible measures. In such cases, determining More

In Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), it is assumed that the role of each factor is known asinput or output. However, in some cases, there are shared factors that their input versusoutput status is not clearly known. These are flexible measures. In such cases, determiningwhether a factor is input or output is ambiguous. Therefore, using fuzzy concept seems to benecessary.In this paper, a two phase procedure is proposed to fuzzy classification of flexible measures.In the first phase, applying the existing classification methods, an orientation of flexiblemeasures to aid in the definition of inputs and outputs is achieved. Through defining amembership function in second phase, the input versus output status of a factor is expressedby fuzzy notion. By the proposed method, the efficiency of a decision mating unit is defendedby a membership degree. We illustrate the proposed model in a practical problem setting. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

83 - Total and Partial efficiency indexes in data envelopment analysis
S. Kordrostami A.R Amirteimoori

Introduction: Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a data-oriented method for measuring and benchmarking the relative efficiency of peer decision making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. DEA was initiated in 1978 when Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) More

Introduction: Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a data-oriented method for measuring and benchmarking the relative efficiency of peer decision making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. DEA was initiated in 1978 when Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) demonstrated how to change a fractional linear measure of efficiency into a linear programming format. This non-parametric approach solves an LP formulation per DMU to obtain an aggregate efficiency score to each DMU. A new variety of efficiency as partial efficiency has been faced in this paper. Aim: The current paper studies the problem of partial efficiency in DEA. By using a DEA model, the paper determines a sharing matrix of inputs to optimize the aggregate efficiency of DMU under consideration. Material and methods: Toward this end, we have used the well-known non-parametric technique DEA. Results: In this paper, we introduced a DEA model to (i) maximize the aggregate efficiency score and (ii) to determine the partial efficiency of each output. Conclusion: Traditional DEA models give an overall efficiency score to each operational unit based on the observed inputs and outputs. In the current study, new efficiency indexes are introduced. These partial indexes are referred to as partial efficiency of outputs. The paper gives the best resource allocation to maximize the aggregate efficiency of DMUs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

84 - Finding the most efficient decision making unit in data envelopment Analysis
J. Vakili

Although discriminating between all efficient decision making units (DMUs) with identical efficiency is a very important subject in data envelopment analysis (DEA), it may not be an easy task, particularly when the decision maker wants to select one and only one efficie More

Although discriminating between all efficient decision making units (DMUs) with identical efficiency is a very important subject in data envelopment analysis (DEA), it may not be an easy task, particularly when the decision maker wants to select one and only one efficient DMU among all. There are some papers that have proposed methods for finding an efficient DMU as the most efficient one but have some difficulties when used in practice. This paper points out the difficulties of the methods presented in two articles [Amin, G. R., (2009). Comments on finding the most efficient DMUs in DEA: An improved integrated model. Computers and Industrial Engineering 56, 1701-1702; Toloo, M., Nalchigar, S., (2009). A new integrated DEA model for finding most BCC-efficient DMU. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 33, 597-604]. In fact, in the present paper, it is proved by some examples that although some methods have principally been proposed in order to determine a single efficient DMU as the most efficient one, they may be unable to detect these DMUs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

85 - Probability-possibility DEA model with Fuzzy random data in presence of skew-Normal distribution
B. Mehrasa M. H. Behzadi

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a mathematical method to evaluate the performance of decision-making units (DMU). In the performance evaluation of an organization based on the classical theory of DEA, input and output data are assumed to be deterministic, while in th More

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a mathematical method to evaluate the performance of decision-making units (DMU). In the performance evaluation of an organization based on the classical theory of DEA, input and output data are assumed to be deterministic, while in the real world, the observed values of the inputs and outputs data are mainly fuzzy and random. A normal distribution is a continuous distribution which is extremely important in statistics because of its behavior.It is assumed in most cases that fuzzy random data are normally distributed, while such an assumption may not hold in practice. Therefore, using the normal distribution leads to erroneous conclusions. In the present study, we investigated DEA fuzzy random model under condition of probability -possibility, in the presence of a skew-normal distribution.In other words, this method embraced the previous methods in a specific state. Finally, a set of numerical example is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of procedure and algorithm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

86 - Malmquist Productivity Index Based on Time Effect
M. Vaez-Ghasemi

In recent years, measuring and analyzing productivity changes is the main focus of variousresearches who study performance of organizations. All through widespread application ofMalmquist Productivity Index, different types of data should be considered thoroughly,otherw More

In recent years, measuring and analyzing productivity changes is the main focus of variousresearches who study performance of organizations. All through widespread application ofMalmquist Productivity Index, different types of data should be considered thoroughly,otherwise any defective study of the related data and deciding factors may yield poor results.Practical Malmquist Productivity Index (PMPI) models, presented in this research, arefundamentally capable of measuring the productivity of units in a competitive atmosphere,along with the hidden economic indexes such as time value of money, amortization andpromoted skills of employees. Also these models would provide the productivity comparisonover different periods of time. Moreover, these models are reliable as well as tangible forsuperior managers and it is noteworthy that they would offer significantly favorableconditions, lack of which may cause the unit under evaluation to face a great deal ofregression. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

87 - Three steps method for portfolio optimization by using Conditional Value at Risk measure
S. Navidi sh. Banihashemi M. Sanei

Comprehensive methods must be used for portfolio optimization. For this purpose, financial data of stock companies, inputs and outputs variable, the risk measure and investor’s preferences must be considered. By considering these items, we propose a method for por More

Comprehensive methods must be used for portfolio optimization. For this purpose, financial data of stock companies, inputs and outputs variable, the risk measure and investor’s preferences must be considered. By considering these items, we propose a method for portfolio optimization. In this paper, we used financial data of companies for screening the stock companies. We used Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) as a risk measure, because of its advantages. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) can be used to calculate the efficiency of stock companies. Conventional DEA models assume non-negative data. However, many of these data take the negative value, therefore we propose the MeanSharp- CVaR (MSh CV) model and the Multi Objective MeanSharp- CVaR (MOMSh CV) model base on Range Directional Measure (RDM) that can take positive and negative values. By using Multi Objective Decision Making (MODM) model, investors can allocate their capital to the stocks of portfolio as they like. Finally, a numerical example of the purposed method is applied to Iran’s financial market. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

88 - The proposed cost and profit models in presence of flexible measures
F. Matroud Gh. Tohidi

In conventional DEA, measures are classified as either input or output. However, in some real cases there are variables whose status is not known as input or output before assessment. These variable are known as flexible measures. One of the most important economic dim More

In conventional DEA, measures are classified as either input or output. However, in some real cases there are variables whose status is not known as input or output before assessment. These variable are known as flexible measures. One of the most important economic dimensions for ensuring the success of a company is the efficiency with which it uses its resources. Therefore, centering on Assessment costs and profit of financial institutions is an important issue. Aware of the importance of this subject, we propose the cost and profit efficiency model in presence of flexible measures due to the many application of these variables in real world. The proposed models determine the status of each flexible measure as an input or output statue and simultaneously maximize profit/minimize cost in profit/cost model. In order to evaluate the capability model the proposed model are applied to a real-life data set of 50 U.S. banks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

89 - Two-stage network DEA-R based on value efficiency
M.R. Mozaffari

It is essential for most organizations and financial institutes to be able to evaluate their decision-making units (DMUs), when there is only a ratio of inputs to outputs (or vice versa) available. In this paper, we will propose our two-stage DEA-R models, which are a c More

It is essential for most organizations and financial institutes to be able to evaluate their decision-making units (DMUs), when there is only a ratio of inputs to outputs (or vice versa) available. In this paper, we will propose our two-stage DEA-R models, which are a combination of data envelopment analysis and ratio data, based on value efficiency. Integrating value efficiency into data envelopment analysis would lead to identification of units with the highest productivity, from the manager’s perspective. Considering the managers’ opinions in DEA models in order to measure value efficiency would be an interactive method of DMU evaluation. generally, this study will suggest some two-stage DEA-R models, introducing the most productive units from the managers’ viewpoints. In the end, the obtained value efficiency will be our criterion for evaluation of DMUs in two-stage networks with ratio data. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

90 - Introducing a secondary goal for evaluating DMUs by cross efficiency in data envelopment analysis
R. Mehrjoo نقی .Shoja

One way to rank DMUs in DEA is the cross efficiency method. In this method, the efficiencyof each DMU is calculated by other DMUs optimum weights, which makes the ranking moreacceptable for managers. Existing alternative optimum weights in cross efficiency methodlead to More

One way to rank DMUs in DEA is the cross efficiency method. In this method, the efficiencyof each DMU is calculated by other DMUs optimum weights, which makes the ranking moreacceptable for managers. Existing alternative optimum weights in cross efficiency methodlead to several ranks for DMUs. Several secondary goals have introduced to avoid thisproblem, till now. In this paper, a new model is presented, that would be satisfying andacceptable for all DMUs. Therefore, by solving this model, the optimum weights areagreeable and fairy for DMUs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

91 - اPerformance Assessment of South Fars Power Generation Management Company by using of Data Envelopment Analysis with Interval Data and Undesirable Outputs
J. Gerami A. R. Ghanaatian

Due to the power industry importance in the process of country economic development,studying the efficiency of power plant s is very important. By measuring the efficiency canbe perceived the strength and awareness of different sectors and can improve theirperformance b More

Due to the power industry importance in the process of country economic development,studying the efficiency of power plant s is very important. By measuring the efficiency canbe perceived the strength and awareness of different sectors and can improve theirperformance by provide the appropriate solutions. In this paper, power plants was assumedas a decision-making unit that consume gas and gasoline fuel as input to generate electricityproduction and pollutant gases as desirable and undesirable outputs respectively. In thisresearch, we discussed to measure the technical efficiency of power plants in powergeneration Management Company of Jonoob-e-Fars since 2010 to 2014, by using the DEAwith interval data and undesirable outputs. We got results and finally, we determined theefficient and inefficient units by implementation of all the proposed models of DEA indifferent technologies. In the following, we determine rank of units by using of topsis andShannon’s entropy methods and discussed to determine the most economic rates of industryplants and provide the scientific proposal to improve the efficiency of the unit ineffectivedecision-making units. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

92 - Efficiency and Effectiveness with interval indices in stochastic environments
S. kazem nadi M. Rostamy malkhalife

Non-parametric DEA is a technique on the basic of mathematical programming to determine the efficiency of homological decision making units. DEA models changes in demand cause changes in variations in output levels and also will cause changes in a firm’s inefficie More

Non-parametric DEA is a technique on the basic of mathematical programming to determine the efficiency of homological decision making units. DEA models changes in demand cause changes in variations in output levels and also will cause changes in a firm’s inefficiency. Often a firm can adjust input influencing on the output level. Models designed with technique on DEA that considers changes in demand and with a short-run capacity planning method quantifies the effectiveness of a firm’s production system under demand uncertainty. The DEA is assumed that accurate data input, output and demand. In some cases data observed with a difference or mistake, so the uncertainties involved in achieving predetermined goals. To measure the effectiveness of the techniques DEA data is important in the evaluation of uncertainty. Data input, output and demand can be interval and probable and order, ect. This paper focuse uncertain data that it is interval and models will be propone for calculation effectiveness and the effect of uncertain demand with interval data. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

93 - ‎f‎inding the defining hyperplanes of production possibility set with ‎variable‎ returns to scale using the linear independent ‎vectors‎‎
N. Rafati-&lrm;Maleki M. Rostamy-Malkhalifeh

The Production Possibility Set (PPS) is defined as the set of all inputs and outputs of a system in which inputs can produce outputs&lrm;. &lrm;In Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)&lrm;, &lrm;it is highly important to identify the defining hyperplanes and especially the s More

The Production Possibility Set (PPS) is defined as the set of all inputs and outputs of a system in which inputs can produce outputs&lrm;. &lrm;In Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)&lrm;, &lrm;it is highly important to identify the defining hyperplanes and especially the strong defining hyperplanes of the empirical PPS&lrm;. &lrm;Although DEA models can determine the efficiency of a Decision Making Unit (DMU)&lrm;, &lrm;but they cannot present efficient frontiers of PPS completely&lrm;. &lrm;The notion of defining hyperplanes is crucial to marginal discussions&lrm;, &lrm;marginal rates&lrm;, &lrm;marginal rates of substitution&lrm;, &lrm;sensitivity analysis&lrm;, &lrm;returns to scale&lrm;, &lrm;and in particular&lrm;, &lrm;the efficiency analysis of DMUs&lrm;. &lrm;In this paper&lrm;, &lrm;we propose a new method to determine all strong efficient(Pareto-efficient) DMUs and strong defining hyperplanes of the PPS with variable returns to scale which strong efficient DMUs are located on them&lrm;. &lrm;Furthermore&lrm;, &lrm;we apply the proposed method to find the normal vectors or gradient of the strong defining hyperplanes of the PPS including strong efficient DMUs&lrm;. &lrm;Consequently&lrm;, &lrm;the equations of these hyperplanes are determined&lrm;. &lrm;To illustrate the ability of the proposed method&lrm;, &lrm;some numerical examples are finally provided&lrm;. &lrm;Our method can be easily implemented using existing packages for operation research&lrm;, &lrm;such as GAMS. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

94 - Congestion Status Identification Using Slack Based Models in Data Envelopment Analysis
M. Abbasi M. Rostamy-Malkhlifeh

Congestion is a wasteful stage of the production process where outputs are reduced due to excessive amount of inputs. There are several approaches in data envelopment analysis (DEA) literatures to treat congestion. The concept of strong and weak congestion first develop More

Congestion is a wasteful stage of the production process where outputs are reduced due to excessive amount of inputs. There are several approaches in data envelopment analysis (DEA) literatures to treat congestion. The concept of strong and weak congestion first developed by Tone and Sahoo [Tone, K., Sahoo, B.K., 2004. Degree of scale economies and congestion: A unified DEA approach. European Journal of Operational Research 158, 755–772]. Evidence of strong congestion occurs whenever reducing proportionally all inputs can increase all outputs. Tone and Sahoo extended the relationship between congestion and other economic concept such as marginal productivity. They proved that existence of strong congestion is hinged to negative marginal productivity. Nonetheless the definition of strong congestion is too restrictive, since it has severe condition of “proportionate’’ reduction in all inputs causes an augmentation in all outputs. So the number of strongly congested DMUs appeared to be limited. In this paper we define a new less restrictive definition of congestion namely “ strict congestion’’ which is identified if and only if a reduction in all inputs causes an increase in all outputs. Therewith this study first proposes a new approach for the congestion recognition. Then another scheme is presented to determine the status of congestion (weak or strict). The validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated using numerical examples. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

95 - Productivity changes of units: A directional measure of cost Malmquist index
G. Tohidi S. Tohidnia

This study examines the productivity changes of decision making units in situation whereinput price vectors are varying between them and inputs are heterogeneous; that is a noncompetitivemarket. We present a directional measure of cost Malmquist productivity indexwhere More

This study examines the productivity changes of decision making units in situation whereinput price vectors are varying between them and inputs are heterogeneous; that is a noncompetitivemarket. We present a directional measure of cost Malmquist productivity indexwhere incorporates the decision maker's preference over productivity change over time. Asimple numerical example is designed to illustrate the new measure of the cost Malmquistindex. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

96 - The Calculation of the output price vectorby applying reverse linear programming: The novel approach in DEA
S. Sadri M. Rostamy-Malkhalifeh

In the today’s world wherein every routine is based on economic factors, there is no doubt that theoretical sciences are driven by their capabilities and affordances in terms of economy. As a mathematical tool, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is provided to econom More

In the today’s world wherein every routine is based on economic factors, there is no doubt that theoretical sciences are driven by their capabilities and affordances in terms of economy. As a mathematical tool, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is provided to economics, so that one can investigate associated costs, prices and revenues of economic units. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a linear programming technique used for measuring the relative efficiency of decision making units based on input and output data. One of the applications of this technique is calculation of revenue efficiency. Methods of revenue efficiency calculation in DEA are generally presented for obtaining maximum revenue from output selling, these methods are not sufficiently efficient for evaluation of all system including network systems due to ignoring the internal structure of units and their middle products. Therefore, in this article, in addition to introduction of inverse linear programming in DEA and its application in calculating revenue efficiency, a new method is presented which considers the network structure of units, the ability to determine the optimal price and appropriate costs for efficiency of the unit. The proposed numerical examples demonstrated the superiority of the proposed methods over the traditional data envelopment analyses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

97 - A Method for Target Setting with Share Data
B. Rahmani Parchkolaei Z. Moghaddas

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a mathematical programming technique for evaluatingthe relative efficiency of a set of Decision Making Units (DMUs) and can also be utilized forsetting target. Target setting is one of the important subjects since according to its resu More

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a mathematical programming technique for evaluatingthe relative efficiency of a set of Decision Making Units (DMUs) and can also be utilized forsetting target. Target setting is one of the important subjects since according to its resultsefficiency can be increased. An important issue to be currently discussed, is to set targetwhile considering share data. These data for each individual indicate the share of the unit,which takes part in an activity, from the whole amount which is a predefined constant. It isobvious that the sum of units’ share is equal to the entire amount. Thus, any changes in themagnitude of these data has to be dependent on the changes in data of other units. In thispaper a two-stage procedure is developed to find benchmark units where share data exist. Thefact that all DMUs are jointly projected onto the new efficient frontier and simplicity, are thesignificant features of the proposed method. With a numerical example we demonstrate howthis method works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

98 - Determining Left and right Returns to Scale (RTS) and RTS sustainability by using linear programming problems based on simultaneous changes in inputs and outputs
M. Omidi M. Rostamy-Malkhalifeh A. Payan F. Hosseinzadeh Lotfi

Determining the type of returns to scale (RTS) and identifying stability region for RTS of evaluating unit are appropriate abilities for forecasting the future the unit when its size is changed. This paper aims to introduce RTS sustainability of frontier decision making More

Determining the type of returns to scale (RTS) and identifying stability region for RTS of evaluating unit are appropriate abilities for forecasting the future the unit when its size is changed. This paper aims to introduce RTS sustainability of frontier decision making units (DMUs) in data envelopment analysis (DEA). Based on the importance of RTS in relation to decisions of managers, different methods have been proposed to define RTS and determine the type RTS. Research on RTS led to a more general categorize for the type of RTS, named left RTS (L-RTS) and right RTS (R-RTS). All of the methods in evaluating L-RTS and R-RTS have presented parametric programming problems which are non-linear programs, naturally. In tis situation, researchers are facing the challenge to determine the value of parameters. In order to survey this limitation, the present paper suggests linear programming problems. Moreover, the proposed models with minor changes are appropriate tools for determining the RTS sustainability for evaluating unit. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

99 - A new approach based on alpha cuts for solving data envelopment analysis model with fuzzy stochastic inputs and outputs
S. H. Nasseri O. gholami M. Fallah Jelodard

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a widely used technique for measuring the relative efficiencies of homogenous Decision Making Units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. These factors may be evaluated in fuzzy or stochastic environment. Hence, the classic More

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a widely used technique for measuring the relative efficiencies of homogenous Decision Making Units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. These factors may be evaluated in fuzzy or stochastic environment. Hence, the classic structures of DEA model may be changed where in two fold fuzzy stochastic environment. For instances, linearity, feasibility and normal domain of efficiency scores (input orientation) between zero and one are some of these properties. In this paper, a new approach based on alpha cuts is proposed for evaluating decision making units with fuzzy stochastics inputs and outputs. The proposed approach modifies these weaknesses to solve DEA models with fuzzy stochastic parameters. A numerical example is given to illustrate the features and the applicability of the proposed model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

100 - Stochastic DEA with Using of Skew-Normal Distribution in Error Structure
A. Nazari M-H .Behzadi

The stochastic data envelopment analysis (SDEA) was developed considering the value ofinputs and outputs as random variables. Therefore, statistical distributions play an importantrole in this regard. The skew-normal (SN) distribution is a family of probability densityf More

The stochastic data envelopment analysis (SDEA) was developed considering the value ofinputs and outputs as random variables. Therefore, statistical distributions play an importantrole in this regard. The skew-normal (SN) distribution is a family of probability densityfunctions that is frequently used in practical situations. In this paper, we assume that the inputand output variables are skew-normally distributed. With introducing asymmetric errorstructure for random variables of SN distribution, a stochastic BCC model is provided. Theproposed model includes BCC model assuming a normal distribution of data as well. Finally,the proposed model is used in a numerical example Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

101 - Comparing the Efficiency of Dmus with Normal and Skew-Normal Distribution using Data Envelopment Analysis
A. Nazari M. H. Behzadi

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric approach to evaluate theefficiency of decision making units (DMU) using mathematical programmingtechniques. Almost, all of the previous researches in stochastic DEA have been usedthe stochastic data when the inputs an More

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric approach to evaluate theefficiency of decision making units (DMU) using mathematical programmingtechniques. Almost, all of the previous researches in stochastic DEA have been usedthe stochastic data when the inputs and outputs are normally distributed. But, thisassumption may not be true in practice. Therefore, using a normal distribution willbe lead to wrong results. The skew-normal (SN) distribution is one of the importantdistribution in statistics. The SN distribution is an asymmetric distribution which hassimilar properties to a normal distribution and it can be extended to the normaldistributions. In the present study, a stochastic BCC model was proposed formeasuring the stochastic efficiency of DMUs with inputs and outputs having Skew-Normal (SN) distribution. Moreover, it is shown that this model encompasses theBCC model assuming the normality of data as well. The proposed model inmeasuring the efficiency of a bank's 25 branches is used. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

102 - Using Neural Network to Determine Input Excesses, Output Shortfalls and Efficiency of Dmus in Russell Mode
D. Modhej M. Sanei N. Shoja

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has two fundamental approaches for assessing theefficiency with different characteristics; radial and non-radial models. This paper isconcerned the non-radial model of Russell which is a non linear model. Conventional DEAfor a large datas More

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has two fundamental approaches for assessing theefficiency with different characteristics; radial and non-radial models. This paper isconcerned the non-radial model of Russell which is a non linear model. Conventional DEAfor a large dataset with many inputs/outputs would require huge computer resources in termsof memory and CPU time. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is one of the most populartechniques for non linear models and for measuring the relative efficiency of a large datasetwith many inputs/ outputs. Also in the last decade researches focused on efficiencyevaluation via DEA as well as using ANN. In this paper we will estimate the input excessesand the output shortfalls in addition to efficiency of Decision Making Units (DMUs) inRussell model through ANN. The proposed integrated approach is applied to an actualIranian bank set; the result indicates that it yields a satisfactory solution.works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

103 - SBM extended model with nonlinear value data in data envelopment analysis with axiomatic approach
M. Vaez-Ghasemi، Z. Moghaddas

One of the important goals of banks as important economic enterprises of any country is to increase economic efficiency. One of the important goals of banks as important economic enterprises of any country is to increase economic efficiency. The classical approach to da More

One of the important goals of banks as important economic enterprises of any country is to increase economic efficiency. One of the important goals of banks as important economic enterprises of any country is to increase economic efficiency. The classical approach to data envelopment analysis models takes into account the linear valuation function for all indicators. But linear valuation in many examples of the world around us does not represent the non-linear nature of the indexes. Therefore, in this paper, we have introduced the principles of the model based on slack variables, some of which have nonlinear values. In a practical example of a bank, we reviewed the efficiency of ten branches of one of the country's banks in 1395 with a new approach. One of the important goals of banks as important economic enterprises of any country is to increase economic efficiency. One of the important goals of banks as important economic enterprises of any country is to increase economic efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

104 - Increasing the discrimination power the decision making units based on reducing dispersion of weights in the data envelopment analysis
اعظم Pourhabib A.R Amirteimoori S. Kordrostami R. Kazemi Matin

Data envelopment analysis which is a nonparametric technique for evaluating relative efficiency of the decision making units with multiple inputs and outputs, has been a very popular method among researchers. While this nonparametric technique is popular, it has some dr More

Data envelopment analysis which is a nonparametric technique for evaluating relative efficiency of the decision making units with multiple inputs and outputs, has been a very popular method among researchers. While this nonparametric technique is popular, it has some drawbacks such as lack of discrimination in efficient units and weights dispersion .The present study, which is a model based on a multi-criteria data envelopment analysis has been proposed to moderate the homogeneity of weights dispersion by using goal programming. The proposed model minimized variances of input and output weights. The result shows that the dispersion of input and output weights has been balanced. Furthermore, the power of discrimination has been improved in DEA. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

105 - Robust efficiency in data envelopment analysis with VRS technology
Saeid Shahghobadi Farhad Moradi

One of the fundamental problems in the classic DEA is lack of ability to distinguish unit's performance scores that is considered as a disadvantage. Recently, Parkan et al. [9] tried to address this problem. They proposed to assess each unit both optimistic and pessimi More

One of the fundamental problems in the classic DEA is lack of ability to distinguish unit's performance scores that is considered as a disadvantage. Recently, Parkan et al. [9] tried to address this problem. They proposed to assess each unit both optimistic and pessimistic views are taken into account. In contrast to traditional evaluation, one index is considered for each unit based on the lowest measured performance that is called robust efficiency. In this way, a new technology was made on the assumption of constant returns to scale. In this paper, the production technology with variable returns to scale assumptions made and the corresponding models are formulated as linear programming. Finally, it is shown that, the models based on the robust efficiency has more discriminatory power of the classic DEA. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

106 - Congestion measurement in data envelopment analyses under weak disposability of desirable and undesirable outputs in a Two-phase Network
R. Rastgoo M. Rostami Malkhalifeh

Congestion is one of the main issues in data envelopment analyses which have particular importance. Recently researches about congestion, whether in economic articles or in Operations Research articles in had grown increasingly. Congestion is a wasteful stage of the pro More

Congestion is one of the main issues in data envelopment analyses which have particular importance. Recently researches about congestion, whether in economic articles or in Operations Research articles in had grown increasingly. Congestion is a wasteful stage of the production process where outputs are reduced due to excessive amount of inputs. In economics, congestion is very important because elimination of it results in decrease in costs as well as increase in outputs. Therefore the benefits of recognition of density and decreasing of it are high. In this paper, we will be introduced a method for definition and calculation of congestion degree under weak disposability of desirable and undesirable outputs in a Two-phase Network. And we will present a model for definition and calculation of congestion value considering desirable and undesirable final outputs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

107 - A Heuristic Method on Extended Two-Stage Network Structures
R. Ahmadzadeh S. Kordrostami A.r. Amirteimoori

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a non–parametric method is used to measure relative performance of organizational units. The aim of this paper is to develop a new model to evaluate the efficiency of a general two-stage network structures proposed by Li et al. ( More

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a non–parametric method is used to measure relative performance of organizational units. The aim of this paper is to develop a new model to evaluate the efficiency of a general two-stage network structures proposed by Li et al. (2012) for measuring the performance of Decision Making Units (DMUs). In addition, this paper expands the work of Li et al. (2012) and improves the heuristic search procedure to estimate the optimal solutions of non-linear centralized models. In order to evaluate the proposed model of this study, it has been applied to a case of regional Research and Development (R&D) system related to 30 provincial level regions in China. The experimental results compared with method developed by Li et al. (2012) show that the proposed method is efficient and has much lower computational complexity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

108 - Performance analysis in production processes in the presence of fixed-sum outputs
A. R. Amirteimoori S. Masroori S. Kordrostami

Performance measurement in the presence of fixed-sum outputs in data envelopment analysis (DEA) is an interesting and most frequently studied subject in the field of operations research. Different definitions of relative efficiency in the presence of fixed-sum outputs h More

Performance measurement in the presence of fixed-sum outputs in data envelopment analysis (DEA) is an interesting and most frequently studied subject in the field of operations research. Different definitions of relative efficiency in the presence of fixed-sum outputs have been proposed in the literature of data envelopment analysis and in all of the existing definitions a common equilibrium efficient frontier is given. We will show that determining a single equilibrium efficient frontier may leads to a large trade-off between the decision making units and this may be impossible in real cases. In this paper, we propose a context-based data envelopment analysis approach to evaluate the relative performance of the decision making units when fixed-sum outputs are exist in production process. The approach proposed in this paper uses the context based data envelopment analysis to determine an efficiency score to each DMU. To illustrate the real applicability of the proposed approach, a real case on 21 OCED countries is given. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

109 - Designing a decision support system to predict the success of research centers with discriminatory analysis DEA
T. Alahveranlo محسن . Vaez ghasemi سیدمصطفی . Tahery

Research centers have an important place in promoting science and technology nationwide. On the other hand, given the limitations in allocating the funds and the facilities needed to establish these centers, it is important to decide on the selection of priority centers More

Research centers have an important place in promoting science and technology nationwide. On the other hand, given the limitations in allocating the funds and the facilities needed to establish these centers, it is important to decide on the selection of priority centers. In this decision - making process, several factors, such as requirements, priorities and strategies, capabilities, and balanced and sustainable development, should be considered. The total of the above items will make decision-making on ranking and selecting proposed projects a complex, time - consuming and costly resource. To this end, designing and developing a decision support tool is considered. In this research, a DSS is designed and evaluated to evaluate the design of research centers for Islamic Azad University units. This decision - making system, based on information from research centers and indicators gathered by experts, as well as the history of successful and failed research centers, is better explored with the discriminatory analysis and data envelopment analysis, and ultimately prediction that is it possible that the research center of the applicant be successful. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

110 - Studying the Impact of Deferred Debts on Bank Performance by Using Data Envelopment Analysis
A. Gholam Abri

Performance evaluation has always been a challenging issue in management.The evaluation of performance especially during two past decades has attracted much attention because of its importance. Today, organizations try to measure the performance comparing with other com More

Performance evaluation has always been a challenging issue in management.The evaluation of performance especially during two past decades has attracted much attention because of its importance. Today, organizations try to measure the performance comparing with other competitors to be able to reach to a level of performance keeping them in market.Banks and financial institutions are considered as the most important economic sectors performing the trades and commercial transactions by guiding and conducting the payments and getting the money to spread the markets and develop economic growth and prosperity. Due to the importance of the task, the increase of productivity is a matter of high necessity.Data envelopment analysis is a nonparametric linear programming technique for evaluating the performance of Decision Making Units (DMU) by multiple inputs and multiple outputs.In this paper, we focus on the deferred debts and impact of it’s on bank performance. So, data envelopment analysis and statistical test are to present relation between deferred debts and efficiency used. The present research is to evaluate the performance of 40 bank branches in Iran. In order to achieve the goal, the performance of bank branches will be assessed by using Data Envelopment Analysis and GAMS software during 2013-2014 and based on the researches conducted. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

111 - Performance Measurement of Decision Making Units with Network Structure in the Presence of Undesirable Output
P. Peykani E. Mohammadi

In the performance evaluation process, using the classic data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, decision making units (DMUs) are considered as black boxes. While in many cases and different applications such as investment funds, banks, insurance companies, etc., DMUs h More

In the performance evaluation process, using the classic data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, decision making units (DMUs) are considered as black boxes. While in many cases and different applications such as investment funds, banks, insurance companies, etc., DMUs have a network structure. In addition, in many network structures, some of the indicators used to calculate the efficiency of DMUs have an undesirable nature. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an effective approach that takes into account the internal structure of the DMus and the inter-organizational relationships in the calculation of efficiency and also is capable to be used in the presence of undesirable data. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to provide a network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) model in order to performance assessment of DMUs with a two-stage structure in the presence of undesirable outputs. It should be noted that according to the two-stage structure of investment companies and the presence of undesirable output in their evaluation process, ten investment companies from Tehran Stock Exchange have been selected as a case study for the research. Finally, the results of their performance evaluation by applying the proposed approach of research have been analyzed. Manuscript profile

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112 - A Model for Project Selecting with Limited Resources in Data Envelopment Analysis with Input and Output Fuzzy
M. A. jahantighi

In Evaluating Performance, Selecting a Subset from a Set of Solutions with Limited Resources is Essential. If There Is More Than One Input and Output, the Data Rnvelopment Analysis Optimization Models Are Evaluated and Performance Measurement Based on the Weighted Outpu More

In Evaluating Performance, Selecting a Subset from a Set of Solutions with Limited Resources is Essential. If There Is More Than One Input and Output, the Data Rnvelopment Analysis Optimization Models Are Evaluated and Performance Measurement Based on the Weighted Output Is Divided Weighted Input. In This Research, Two Models of Optimization with Limited Resources Present from Data Envelopment Analysis Models. Each Project Produces a Set of Outputs Using Different Input Sources. In This Method, a Subset of Projects Is Selected that Can be Applies to the Resource Constraints as a Composite Project. These Composite Projects Are Defined and Evaluated by Available Projects and with Production Technology in Data Envelopment Analysis. In Fact, Evaluation and Selection Are Combined in the New Model, which is Done by Inserting a Data Envelopment Analysis Model into a Binary-Hybrid Linear Programming. The Second Model, Involves Choosing a Set of the Best or Most Preferred Places for New Facilities. Again, the Second Proposed Model Also Relates to Choices with Limited Resources. Manuscript profile

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113 - مطالبه مابه التفاوت نرخ ارز از سوی بانک در اعتبارات اسنادی
محمد رضا باقری جعفر جمالی محمود خادمان

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114 - تحلیل بنیادی سهام با رویکرد کارایی در مرزهای واقعی و تعیین اهمیت  شاخصها برای رسیدن به شرایط مطلوب
سیده عاطفه حسینی اسماعیل شاه طهماسبی منیره ابویی مهریزی رامین وران

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115 - کاربرد تحلیل ناپارامتریک بازهای و پنجره ای به عنوان مکملی برای ارزیابی کارایی مالی (مطالعه موردی: بانکهای پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران)
محمد حسین طحاری مهرجردی علی فاضل یزدی محمد زارعی محمود آبادی

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116 - Performance Assessment of Investment Firms under Uncertainty
Pejman Peykani Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Emran Mohammadi Reza Tehrani

Mutual funds and investment companies are very important institutions for investing in capital markets. Hence, measuring their performance with the aim of identifying efficient investment firms and providing a corrective remedy for inefficient firms is essential. The pu More

Mutual funds and investment companies are very important institutions for investing in capital markets. Hence, measuring their performance with the aim of identifying efficient investment firms and providing a corrective remedy for inefficient firms is essential. The purpose of the present study is to propose a new approach to assessing the performance and classification of investment firms in terms of uncertainty. Considering the two-stage structure of investment firms, in this research, the approach of network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) is used to evaluate the performance of each stage and the entire investment company. Also, in order to take into account, the uncertainty of the data, the interval network data envelopment analysis (INDEA) model for a two-stage structure is presented. Using the data of 10 active investment companies in Tehran Stock Exchange, the proposed research approach has been implemented and all companies have been evaluated and classified. The results of INDEA model based on non-cooperative approach indicating on the efficacy and effectiveness of the proposed approach of research for performance measurement of investment firms under uncertain data. Manuscript profile

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117 - پوشش ریسک با استفاده از قراردادهای آتی سکه بهار آزادی مورد معامله در بورس کالای ایران: رهیافت ضریب جینی بسط یافته به میانگین(MEG)
جاوید بهرامی اکبر میرزاپور بهزاد فکاری

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118 - Application of DEA in the calculation of consolidated index of stock liquidity (evidence of Tehran Stock Exchange)
Keykhosro Yakideh M. Hassan Gholizadeh S. Morteza Mousavinia

In this paper, the pattern of efficiency calculation with data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to present a consolidated index for representing different dimensions of stock liquidity. Among DEA models, the range adjusted model (RAM) considers both inputs and outputs More

In this paper, the pattern of efficiency calculation with data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to present a consolidated index for representing different dimensions of stock liquidity. Among DEA models, the range adjusted model (RAM) considers both inputs and outputs simultaneously; provide measure of efficiency and deals with negative inputs and outputs. Thus in this paper, RAM model is used as a basis for presenting relative consolidated index of liquidity. The next step, units with relative consolidated index equal to one is ranked, based on the full-inefficient frontier ranking method. Results support the effectiveness of data envelopment analysis application for measuring liquidity relative consolidated. Using this method, the stock liquidity consolidated index allocated to each of the companies listed on the, presents different aspects of stock liquidity for stocks in stock exchange, in a way that liquidity of stocks can be compared with each other easily and liquidity of a specific stock can be surveyed during time prides. Manuscript profile

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119 - Stock selection of Tehran stock exchange investors with hybrid of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and goal programming (GP)
محمد غلی افشارکاظمی مریم خلیلی عراقی احمد سادات کیایی

One of the most important concerns of investors in financial market is to select astock or portfolio which is optimal in profitability. So a lot of methods related to stockselection have been introduced. The purpose of this study is to make optimal portfolioby hybrid of More

One of the most important concerns of investors in financial market is to select astock or portfolio which is optimal in profitability. So a lot of methods related to stockselection have been introduced. The purpose of this study is to make optimal portfolioby hybrid of data development analysis (DEA) and goal programming (GP). Thereforethe data which is related to 6 industries among Tehran Stock Exchange (250 firms)have been collected from October 2009 March 2010. The ratio efficiency of everyindustries' firms has been calculated and the most efficient ones selected, and finally48 efficient firms have been determined. In next phase after collecting data related tothe criteria of investing for efficient firms, in order to determine F the linearprogramming has been used and to ensure the goals attainment with the low priorities,the result has been brought to goal programming model after a little coordination. Infinal phase investor has decided by considering priorities and his goals and using goalprogramming. The result show the complete achievement of (Beta), (Return), (Di)and (liquidity) goals and the incomplete achievement of (risk) goal and (Ci) goal has2.27 units positive derivation and it was made a various portfolio includes 8 stocksamong 250 stocks. Manuscript profile

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120 - Application of fuzzy network data envelopment analysis model with optional input-undesirable output in order to evaluate the performance of bank branches
Hasan Amini Javid mohammad ebrahim Mohammadpoor zarandi MIRFEYZ FALLAH naghi, shoja

10.30495/jfksa.2023.22611

The issue of efficiency evaluation is one of the most important challenges facing managers in the dynamic and vital banking industry. Due to the very important and fundamental role of banks in most economic activities, the study of bank efficiency has a special place. M More

The issue of efficiency evaluation is one of the most important challenges facing managers in the dynamic and vital banking industry. Due to the very important and fundamental role of banks in most economic activities, the study of bank efficiency has a special place. Models based on data envelopment analysis had wide applications in the field of measuring and evaluating the efficiency of banks. In this study, we tried to add other assumptions to the traditional model of data envelopment analysis, using a model that is more consistent with the real conditions related to decision-making units and calculates the efficiency more accurately. In designing the data envelopment analysis model in the present study, attention has been paid to the networking and internal relations of each decision-making unit, undesirable output, involuntary input and the fuzzy nature of the variables. After developing the model with the mentioned assumptions, first, based on reviewing previous studies as well as field studies and obtaining opinions from industry experts, indicators considered as input and output. After identifying the indicators, fuzzy Delphi method used for initial screening of the identified indicators from the research literature. After the initial approval of the indices, the indices analyzed using the confirmatory factor analysis technique. Finally, the research model solved using data collected by GAMS software and with alpha-cutting approach. The results show that out of 38 branches examined, 8 branches are efficient and another 30 branches are inefficient. Manuscript profile

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121 - Application of factor analysis in fuzzy DEA model combined with Markowitz's model portfolio to determine the most efficient companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange
Hamzeh Pourbabagol Mohammad hossin Nayyeri

The main goal In this paper is to merge fuzzy DEA with Markowitz model to construct optimized portfolio of efficient companies in Tehran bourse. So, first using of DEA we choose efficient companies as efficient group, although we choose two type of efficient companies w More

The main goal In this paper is to merge fuzzy DEA with Markowitz model to construct optimized portfolio of efficient companies in Tehran bourse. So, first using of DEA we choose efficient companies as efficient group, although we choose two type of efficient companies with adding controlling relative weight constraints for two type of investors ( risk aversive & risk taker ), Then, using of Markowitz model with regarding of the level of risk aversion, we construct efficient portfolio from efficient group.The large number of criteria is one of the MCDM model's problems for solving this problem we can use of factor analysis to reduce a complex data set to a lower dimension. In this paper with respect to experts's opinions,firstly the main variables corresponding to company's efficiency were assigned ( 15 financial ratio ) and then using of factor analysis we reduse the number of these variables to eight, after that with adding controlling relative weight constraints to DEA model, we construct efficient groap for two type of investors ( risk aversive & risk taker ). due to relativeness of risk and return in terms of investors, whit imputing investors to type( risk aversive & risk taker), efficient groaps were constituted. Finaly investor can, with regarding of the level of his risk aversion, using of Markowitz model, construct optimal portfolio from efficient groaps. Though in final step optimal portfolios were choosed from efficient groaps, thus one of the main problem of Markowitz model that is nonregarding other criterion except risk and return, will be soleved Manuscript profile

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122 - Analyze of the dynamics of optimal hedge ratio in the gold coin market: MS-DCC approach
Sanaz Miri Teimur Mohammadi Farhad Ghaffari

In this paper, for the first time ,calculation of optimal hedge ratio for future gold coin contracts has been conflated a multivariate GARCH model (dynamic conditional correlation) with Markov Switching (MS).To this end, we use spot and futures daily prices over the 201 More

In this paper, for the first time ,calculation of optimal hedge ratio for future gold coin contracts has been conflated a multivariate GARCH model (dynamic conditional correlation) with Markov Switching (MS).To this end, we use spot and futures daily prices over the 2017 March through 2018 March in Iran.The results of the Markov regime switching model indicate that the study period is identified under two regimes, which is a regime that reflects the low correlation regime of the futures market and other regime indicating a high correlation on the future market. Furthermore, the optimal hedge ratio of futures contracts are less than 1 and it means the cost of this strategy is less than simple hedge ratio. In general, it can be said that a higher risk prediction under the influence of bad news leads to a transition to a high correlation regime, with the relief of uncertainty, it will be shifted in other regime. In the Economic Analysis of Extreme points of the time series of optimal hedge ratios, results show that among the major fluctuations, the absolute minimum of them is related to 2017 August 25 because of factors such as the transfer of liquidity from the futures market to the stock market at the election in Iran and the 12th of March (the absolute maximum point) because of reasons like managing investors towards secure assets due to fractures in the markets affected by fear of Trump have had dramatic changes in the aforementioned ratio. Manuscript profile

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123 - Gold as a Safe Haven for Tehran Stock Exchange: A Regime Switching Approach
Jalal Seifoddini Frydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti

Is gold a hedge or diversifier, defined as an asset that is related with stocks on average, or is it a safe haven, defined as an asset that has a special relationship with stock market in the times of market crash? We study the relationship between Tehran Stock Exchange More

Is gold a hedge or diversifier, defined as an asset that is related with stocks on average, or is it a safe haven, defined as an asset that has a special relationship with stock market in the times of market crash? We study the relationship between Tehran Stock Exchange returns and gold returns to investigate the gold role as a hedge, diversifier and a safe haven for Tehran Stock Exchange. We conduct our study through Threshold Regime Switching model to thoroughly determine the different regimes in the gold coin-stock market relations. Due to the high liquidity of Bahar Azadi gold coins market, we use their market price to represent the gold price in Iran. We also consider the effect of global gold price and USD-IRR exchange rate on gold coin-stock market relation. We find that gold coin-stock market relationship doesn’t depend on specific different regimes and gold coins act as a weak hedge for stock market. Manuscript profile

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124 - بررسی پوشش تورمی بودن سهام، دلار و طلا در ایران با استفاده از تحلیل چند مقیاسی موجک
مصیب پهلوانی رضا روشن مجتبی لشنی

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125 - The impact of individual and social factors in improving the performance of provincial health care
تیمور محمدی بهنوش سادات آقایان

This paper focuses on the efficiency measurement of health care system for Iran's provinces during the years 1383-86.The methodology is DEA (input and output oriented).Results indicate that there is so much room for increasing this efficiency. In order to determine fact More

This paper focuses on the efficiency measurement of health care system for Iran's provinces during the years 1383-86.The methodology is DEA (input and output oriented).Results indicate that there is so much room for increasing this efficiency. In order to determine factors affecting this low efficiency, by using panel data techniques, efficiency scores are regressed on variables which reflect both personal and social status of the provinces. Bad nutritional habits and individual health care expenditures are personal variables which have a negative effect on efficiency. On the other hand social variables such as per capita GDP and literacy rate move directly with efficiency. Per capita GDP has positive threshold effect. Noticeably, health care insurance expenditure as a social variable has a negative effect on efficiency which invokes attention of policy-makers in this area. As a result restructuring this industry, pave the way for higher efficiency Manuscript profile

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126 - مولفه‌های موثر در استقرار بیمه پایه سلامت در ایران
سمیه صدیقی سمیه حسام محمدرضا ملکی

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127 - کارایی هزینه‌های عمومی و خصوصی سلامت با استفاده از روش تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها
مریم فتاحی سجاد برخورداری

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128 - Enhancing the Efficiency of the Technological Innovation Capabilities and Competitiveness of Pharmaceutical Companies by Applying Technology Intelligence Using data Envelopment Analysis
Ali Bonyadi Naeini Mahnaz Ahadzadeh Namin Ali Amini

Introduction: As strategic companies with a competitive nature, pharmaceutical companies have a significant contribution to the country's competitive advantage. Thus, competitiveness has become a challenging and important issue in such companies today. In complex compet More

Introduction: As strategic companies with a competitive nature, pharmaceutical companies have a significant contribution to the country's competitive advantage. Thus, competitiveness has become a challenging and important issue in such companies today. In complex competitive environments, just organizations who strengthen their technological innovation capabilities can continue to compete. Technological innovation capabilities utilize the new data and information in the field of technology and needs technology intelligence itself. So, in this research we want to assess the effects of technology intelligence on the efficiency of technological innovation capabilities and competitiveness of pharmaceutical companies. Methods: In terms of objectives, this research is practical and descriptive-analytical, and field and library method is used for data gathering. This research's data is extracted from 55 active companies in the pharmaceutical industry and with the help of network data envelopment analysis (DEA) analyzed and efficiency to companies, with and without technology intelligence assessment. Results:In this research it was found that utilizing technology intelligence has a positive effect on the efficiency of technological innovation capabilities and competitiveness of these companies and has often increased their efficiency. This study showed that the use of technology intelligence, only 54/34 percent of the companies under investigation received full performance score. Conclusion: The approach of this study was to investigate the role of technology intelligence that was studied and compared. The results show that this role was significant and effective role of technology intelligence on the efficiency of technological innovation capabilities and competitiveness to prove.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

129 - The Effect of Health System Transformation Plan on The Efficiency of Selected Hospitals in Ahvaz
parastou amirifar aniseh nikravan Leila Nazarimanesh

Introduction: There is no doubt that determining the efficiency of hospitals is one of the key steps that must be taken. Therefore, performance appraisal can help health plan executives to better understand its strengths and weaknesses. The purpose of this study is to e More

Introduction: There is no doubt that determining the efficiency of hospitals is one of the key steps that must be taken. Therefore, performance appraisal can help health plan executives to better understand its strengths and weaknesses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of health system transformation plan on the efficiency of selected hospitals in Ahvaz in the period 2012 to 2017. Methods: Data related to seven hospitals implementing the project and one control hospital in 2012, 2013, 2016 and 2017 were collected. The efficiency of hospitals was calculated using data envelopment analysis technique using CCR method and WinDeap2 v 2.1 software. Independent t-test and Poisson using Stata v 15.1 software were used for inferential analysis. Results: The highest efficiency of hospitals were related to 2017 with average 0.987 and the efficiency of two hospitals in 2016 and 2017 was 1 and the other two hospitals have experienced an upward trend during these two years. Efficiency, number of hospital admissions, number of outpatient admissions and number of surgeries before the transformation plan were significantly different from after, but this difference was not true for the number of active beds, number of physicians and number of nurses. Conclusion: Totally the efficiency of hospitals implementing transformation plan has been experienced an upward trend. considering the health system transformation plan in 2014, the improvement of the efficiency, the number of outpatient admissions, the number of hospital admissions and the number of surgeries was probably due to the transformation plan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

130 - Assessment of Technical Efficiency of Comprehensive Health Services Centers of Hamadan by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in 2019
mohamad yousefi nayer Ali Akbar Fazaeli Ydolah Hamidi Jalaleddin Amiri

Introduction:Urban health centers are one of the most important centers for providing primary health services. According to the wide range of health centers and the number of services provided by these centers, a significant portion of the community health system resour More

Introduction:Urban health centers are one of the most important centers for providing primary health services. According to the wide range of health centers and the number of services provided by these centers, a significant portion of the community health system resources are allocated to these centers; therefore, the determination and continuous monitoring of the effectiveness of these centers can play a significant role in improving the efficiency of health resources and preventing waste of resources. The purpose of this study Assessment of Technical Efficiency of Comprehensive Health Services Centers of Hamadan by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in 2019. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study evaluates the effectiveness of Hamedan comprehensive health centers services using the data envelopment analysis method. Inputs include: number of physicians and number of employees (midwife, specialist in the fight against diseases.). Outputs include: number of examinations by physician, midwifery services, vaccinations, injections and dressings. Results: In 2018 the average technical efficiency of the comprehensive health services centers was 0.751, the mean management efficiency was 0.85 and the mean efficiency of the scale was 0.88. Of the total centers of comprehensive health services surveyed, 6 centers have technical capacity of 1 and 13 centers with a technical efficiency of less than 1. Conclusion: In centers with efficiency less than 1, there were initial and optimal values of the same and different inputs. Therefore, it is suggested that these centers reduce their inputs as much as possible so that they can achieve maximum efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

131 - طراحی مدل ترکیبی کارت امتیاز متوازن و تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها مطالعه موردی: ارزیابی کارائی نسبی شرکت‌های دارویی عضو بورس اوراق بهادار
محمد‌علی افشار کاظمی عباس طلوعی اشلقی لیلی قلم سیاه

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Open Access Article

132 - The Affect of Selected Marketing Mix Elements on Brand Equity
K. Heidarzadeh S. A. Zarbi

In this study the relationship between selected marketing mix and the brand equity is tested. Selected marketing mix are, Price, Store image, Advertising Spending, Distribution intendity and Price promotions. These elements affect the brand equity through More

In this study the relationship between selected marketing mix and the brand equity is tested. Selected marketing mix are, Price, Store image, Advertising Spending, Distribution intendity and Price promotions. These elements affect the brand equity through it’s dimentions, such as, Percieved quality, Brand loyalty and Brand Associations (or Awareness). The analysis of results done with Structural Equation Moldel (SEM). The results show that, Store image, Advertising Spending and Distribution intendity are possitively related to brand , so distributing the products in stores with positive effects, high spending of advertising and increasing the Distribution intendity, will be increased the brand equity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

133 - “Iran Export Engineering &Technical Services” (Identifying Barriers & Offering Suggestions)
H. Nezakati Alizadeh, F. Farzm

According to the performed research in the field of engineering & technical services export in Iran .And with consideration of existing problems in this section, 4 effective categories has been identified in main activities with their relevant sub-cat More

According to the performed research in the field of engineering & technical services export in Iran .And with consideration of existing problems in this section, 4 effective categories has been identified in main activities with their relevant sub-categories including: Bank activities; Financing methods; Presenting exchange facilities; Exchange bank guarantee issuing conditions; Establishing international bank relationships; Insurance coverage, Companies capabilities, Machineries & equipments conditions, specialized humans resources abilities; attendance of Iranian consultant companies in target countries; Marketing techniques & approaches used by Iranian exporters; Economic environment (exchange); Exchange rate fluctuation, Internal inflation rate, Government activities; political supports by Government; Cooperation & expediting the administrative affairs by relevant organizations; Governmental rules & regulation stability; Export promotions & awards. And each subcategory has been specified on the basis of testing according to priority. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

134 - Evaluate the Performance of the Steel Industry by Combining Disaggregated Activity Based on Costing and Aggregated Information with Networking Data Envelopment Analysis
Tahereh Rezazadeh Tekieh Mohammad Hossein Ranjbar morteza shafiee faegh ahmadi

10.30495/jma.2021.19286

Steel industry is one of the most important industries in the country and its growth indicates the development of part of the economy, and given the volume of production and high costs of its activities, it is necessary to design appropriate strategies to increase perfo More

Steel industry is one of the most important industries in the country and its growth indicates the development of part of the economy, and given the volume of production and high costs of its activities, it is necessary to design appropriate strategies to increase performance and reduce costs. Accordingly, the present study aims to provide a performance appraisal model in the steel industry by combining cost-based models based on activity and Networking Data Envelopment Analysis. For this purpose, financial and non-financial information of a number of subsidiary units of Hormozgan Steel Company were examined. They were used as input indicators of the NDEA model to evaluate performance. The results showed that activity-based costing (ABC) is more accurate than traditional costing and the outputs of this model can be used as inputs to the network data envelopment analysis model to evaluate the performance of units. The use of these two models also provides appropriate information for planning to reduce costs and increase efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

135 - Evaluating the financial performance of banking industry in TSE: applying TOPSIS logic in Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)
محمدرضا رستمی جواد قاسمی فرزانه اسکندری

Evaluating financial status of banking industry helps managers to understand theniche and make right decisions based on results. In this paper we develop a systemicapproach to evaluate efficiency based on TOPSIS-DEA, which applies TOPSIS rulesin DEA. We ranked all liste More

Evaluating financial status of banking industry helps managers to understand theniche and make right decisions based on results. In this paper we develop a systemicapproach to evaluate efficiency based on TOPSIS-DEA, which applies TOPSIS rulesin DEA. We ranked all listed banks based on both optimistic and pessimisticapproach. This method uses two virtual ideal and anti-ideal DMU and measures theefficiency of each DMU according to virtual ones, putting this results in a relativeneighborhood index we are able to rank DMU's. results showed Karafarin, Mellat andParsian have the least intervals with the ideal and Saderat has the most, and with theanti-ideal Saderat has the least while Karafarin has the most intervals. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

136 - Designing ‏and ‏explaining ‏the ‏ranking ‏model ‏and ‏credit ‏rating ‏transfer ‏using ‏data ‏envelopment ‏analysis ‏model ‏and ‏Markov ‏chain
farid heidarifard farhad hanifi gholamreza zomorodian

10.30495/jma.2022.20579

In &rlm;this &rlm;study, &rlm;using &rlm;factor &rlm;analysis &rlm;technique &rlm;and &rlm;Delphi &rlm;method, &rlm;the &rlm;variables &rlm;affecting &rlm;credit &rlm;risk &rlm;were &rlm;selected &rlm;and &rlm;entered &rlm;into &rlm;the &rlm;data &rlm;envelopment &rlm;a More

In &rlm;this &rlm;study, &rlm;using &rlm;factor &rlm;analysis &rlm;technique &rlm;and &rlm;Delphi &rlm;method, &rlm;the &rlm;variables &rlm;affecting &rlm;credit &rlm;risk &rlm;were &rlm;selected &rlm;and &rlm;entered &rlm;into &rlm;the &rlm;data &rlm;envelopment &rlm;analysis &rlm;model, &rlm;and &rlm;the &rlm;efficiency &rlm;scores &rlm;of &rlm;Tejarat &rlm;Bank &rlm;legal &rlm;and &rlm;credit &rlm;companies &rlm;listed &rlm;on &rlm;the &rlm;stock &rlm;exchange &rlm;were &rlm;obtained &rlm;using &rlm;them. &rlm;Then &rlm;the &rlm;ranking &rlm;is &rlm;done &rlm;by &rlm;the &rlm;model &rlm;of &rlm;Fitch &rlm;Institute &rlm;and &rlm;using &rlm;the &rlm;results, &rlm;the &rlm;transfer &rlm;of &rlm;customers &rlm;in &rlm;different &rlm;groups &rlm;is &rlm;predicted &rlm;using &rlm;the &rlm;Markov &rlm;chain &rlm;process. &rlm;The &rlm;results &rlm;of &rlm;data &rlm;envelopment &rlm;analysis &rlm;indicate &rlm;that &rlm;7 &rlm;companies &rlm;were &rlm;identified &rlm;as &rlm;efficient &rlm;in &rlm;the &rlm;financial &rlm;approach &rlm;and &rlm;12 &rlm;companies &rlm;in &rlm;the &rlm;combined &rlm;approach. &rlm;The &rlm;results &rlm;of &rlm;the &rlm;Markov &rlm;chain &rlm;show &rlm;that &rlm;the &rlm;average &rlm;probability &rlm;of &rlm;stopping &rlm;at &rlm;the &rlm;current &rlm;rank &rlm;in &rlm;1400 &rlm;in &rlm;the &rlm;financial &rlm;condition &rlm;is &rlm;46% &rlm;and &rlm;in &rlm;the &rlm;combined &rlm;mode &rlm;is &rlm;53% &rlm;and &rlm;the &rlm;average &rlm;probability &rlm;of &rlm;improvement &rlm;of &rlm;the &rlm;companies &rlm;is &rlm;23% &rlm;and &rlm;the &rlm;average &rlm;probability &rlm;of &rlm;the &rlm;decline &rlm;is &rlm;20%. &rlm;Turns.. Manuscript profile

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137 - Studding of Efficiency and Sensitivity Analysis Operation Techniques of Management Accounting In Improvement of Performance of Companies by Data Envelopment Analysis Models (Case Study: Pharmacy Companies Accepted In Tehran Stock Exchange)
محمود معین الدین علی مروتی شریف آبادی علی فاضل یزدی محمد حسین طحاری مهرجردی

The subject of globalization and increasing of commercial intricates accompaniedby outstanding development in technology result in developing of methods andtechniques of management accounting, and so today with due attention to growth andincreasing importance of organiz More

The subject of globalization and increasing of commercial intricates accompaniedby outstanding development in technology result in developing of methods andtechniques of management accounting, and so today with due attention to growth andincreasing importance of organizations and companies in communiting, has been highlyregarded to evaluate their performance. The present study with purpose of consideringof efficiency of operations techniques of management accounting estimate performanceof companies with due attention to analysing of sensitivity in data envelopment analysismodels. The present study is in one period of time from application and time. Strategyapplied is based on analysis of mathematical model and with using of data envelopmentanalysis models. Data was gathered using two method the questionnaire anddocumentation. The place domain of study is pharmacy companies accepted in tehranstock exchange. And time domain of it is in 1390 year.. Designing and implementingappropriate models of data envelopment analysis, efficiency of pharmacy companiesaccepted in Tehran stock exchange was determined. In this model with variable returnsto 53 percent of companies, have performance full. Analysis of sensitivity of inputsshowed that between inputs, costing techniques, budgeting, and decision for investmenton efficiency has been useful very much. Consequently companies must have moreattention to using of these techniques. Analysis of sensitivity of outputs showed thatboth outputs of model, efficiency rate of investment and value-added of economic aremore important in performance of pharmacy companies so attention to these criterionsin estimating of performance is very important. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

138 - The Study of Productivity and Cost Leadership and Differentiation Strategy Effect on Bankruptcy Risk
Majid Azimi Yancheshmeh Mostafa rajabi Zoherh Mahmoud Dehnavi

The main purpose of this paper is to investigation of the impact of Productivity and Cost Leadership Strategy and Differentiation Strategy on Bankruptcy Risk of firms. In this regard, uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to compute productivity of firms and uses Altman More

The main purpose of this paper is to investigation of the impact of Productivity and Cost Leadership Strategy and Differentiation Strategy on Bankruptcy Risk of firms. In this regard, uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to compute productivity of firms and uses Altman model (Z) to compute bankruptcy risk of firms. The data used consists of a sample of 79 firms that are publicly traded in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) in the period 1384-1392. A multi-variable regression model is used for testing of hypotheses and data analyses. The results indicate that productivity has a positive effect on reducing bankruptcy risk of firms, and the results also indicate that pursuing either of the Cost Leadership Strategy and Differentiation Strategy successfully has a positive effect on reducing bankruptcy risk. The study also brings to light the mediating effect of productivity in the relationship between cost leadership strategy and bankruptcy risk Of Firms. Manuscript profile

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139 - Developing the corporate social responsibility Model and its impact on the Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Information
S. Ahmad Mousavi Farzin Rezaei Farhad Shahveisi

The purpose of research is to identify factors that explain the pattern of reporting and corporate social responsibility and corporate social responsibility influence on the Quality of information. to achieve this goal, Using various aspects of social responsibility the More

The purpose of research is to identify factors that explain the pattern of reporting and corporate social responsibility and corporate social responsibility influence on the Quality of information. to achieve this goal, Using various aspects of social responsibility theory based on Carroll, Indicators for economic, legal, ethical, environmental and social was considered and Using confirmatory factor analysis, appropriate indicators were selected each dimension. The sample consisted of 87 companies during the period 1385 to 1393 based on data envelopment analysis, the performance was calculated corporate social responsibility. The performance index of corporate social responsibility to check the effects on the quality of accounting information based on panel data and multivariate linear regression and logistic, the results showed that the index of fulfillment of corporate social responsibility and predictive value of a positive and significant Relationship exists. Also results showed that the index of fulfillment of corporate social responsibility with Feedback value was positive Relationship, but this Relationship was not Significant and the coefficient of performance of corporate social responsibility and other qualitative characteristics include the conservatism, Neutrality, Rep faith fullness and completeness was not significant relationship Manuscript profile

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140 - The Impact of Corporate Governance’s Mechanisms on the Relationship of Managerial Ability and Created Shareholders Value
Younes Badavar Nahandi Nesa Heshmat

Since the application and development of corporate governance mechanisms will lead to the development of financial markets and encouragement of investment by assuring investors, the correct implementation of these mechanisms give rise to decrease conflicts of interests More

Since the application and development of corporate governance mechanisms will lead to the development of financial markets and encouragement of investment by assuring investors, the correct implementation of these mechanisms give rise to decrease conflicts of interests between managers and owners and provide incentives for managers to increase the value of the company and achieve the goals of stockholders. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate the impact of mechanisms’ of corporate governance on the relationship between managerial ability and created shareholders value. The sample of this study contains of 124 firms for the period 2007-2016. To test the research hypotheses it has been used a multi-variable regression model. The research results show that managerial ability is positively associated with firm value and corporate governance mechanisms intensify this positive relationship. Indeed, in the firms with high rank of corporate governance the more managerial ability will cause to increase shareholders value. Manuscript profile

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141 - Detecting of spatio-temporal relationship between drought and fire events in the fields of natural resources in Lorestan province
Rezvan Safdary Seyed Masoud Monavari Sasan Babaie Kafaky Hadi Kiadaliri

10.30495/jrnr.2023.73363.10290

Improving decisions in fire management requires a complete understanding of the spatio-temporal relationships between droughts and fires. To achieve this, the natural areas of Lorestan province were selected as the research site. The fire data from MODIS satellite produ More

Improving decisions in fire management requires a complete understanding of the spatio-temporal relationships between droughts and fires. To achieve this, the natural areas of Lorestan province were selected as the research site. The fire data from MODIS satellite products and monthly rainfall data of the province were extracted to estimate SPI drought index for the statistical period of 2000 to 2022. The spatial and temporal relationship between the frequency of fire occurrences and the spatial and temporal distribution of droughts in terms of annual and monthly scales was investigated with the Pearson correlation model in the province. The results showed that the trend of fires in the region is increasing. The months of June and July have experienced the highest frequency of fires in the natural areas of the province. Poldokhtar city has had the most frequent fires in natural areas. The whole region has tended to be dry, but the eastern parts mostly included classes with higher degrees of drought. The results of the correlation matrix showed that only the drought events in spring to summer had a significant but moderate negative correlation with the fire events in spring and summer. Despite the obtained results, this study emphasizes that the connection between fires with drought needs more studies and it is not possible to prove the real relationship between the two phenomena with just one calculation index. Manuscript profile

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142 - بررسی خصوصیات بوم‏ شناختی گونه مرتعی Festuca sulcata در مراتع آلپی استان اردبیل
جابر شریفی*

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143 - Structural characteristics and economic value of pistachio species (Pistacia atlantica) in Gilan-e Gharb forests
Mohsen Javamiripour Rohollah Parvane Aliakbar Darabi

10.30495/jrnr.2021.18443

The ecosystem value, wild pistachio species importance and the product of raw turpentine in terms of creating employment, villager’s income and supplying raw materials for chemical, pharmaceutical, food industries and exporting it to European countries is a main i More

The ecosystem value, wild pistachio species importance and the product of raw turpentine in terms of creating employment, villager’s income and supplying raw materials for chemical, pharmaceutical, food industries and exporting it to European countries is a main interest to the government. The aim of this study was to investigate the ecosystem characteristics of pistachio species and the economic value of its gum in the direction of production rise in the Zagros in the Gilan-e Gharb forests that located in Kermanshah province. The studied forest stands with 700, 2100, 700 and 1000 hectares' area, respectively, are located in Kamreh Alirezavandi, Cheshmeh Sefid, Bapir and Balaleh in Gilan-e-Gharb in a mountainous and forested area. The desired area was determined using the available maps after filed visiting. Then, for griding, the study area in 10,000-scale maps was identified. Sampling by regular random method, was performed. In addition, the area of the sample plots is 4000 m2, have been surveyed. The results showed that the mean diameter at breast height in Kamreh, Bapir, Cheshmeh Sefid and Balaleh areas equal to 31.9, 35.5, 39.3 and 30.2 cm, respectively. Furthermore, the mean number of harvestable pistachio trees in Kamareh, Bapir, Cheshmeh Sefid and Balaleh areas is 30.15, 58.3, 44.45 and 32.25, respectively. The total height of pistachio trees in Kamareh, Bapir, Cheshmeh Sefid and Balaleh habitats is 5.6, 6.1, 4.5 and 4.2, respectively. The profit amount for the wild pistachio gum exploitation includes 821.7, 1623, 1740.5 and 2116 MilionRials in the Kamreh, Bapir, Cheshmeh Sefid and Balaleh, respectively. The findings of the present study showed that knowledge of the structural characteristics and production potential of turpentine in pistachio trees in the studied forest ecosystems and extraction of their gums based on habitat capacity is a significant step to protect this species and increase rural income and empower local communities. Manuscript profile

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144 - The Effect of Canopy Composition on Soil Properties in Pure and Mixed Stands of Beech (Case Study: Aland Forest -Sari)
Azadeh Asghari Sorkhi Seyed Mohammad Hojjati Hamid Jalilvand Meysam Mojarabi

This study investigated the influence of closed canopy and canopy gap on soil properties in a pure and mixed beech forest in Alandan forest - Sari. Soil samples were taken from four positions listed in two depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. Totally 32 soil samples and More

This study investigated the influence of closed canopy and canopy gap on soil properties in a pure and mixed beech forest in Alandan forest - Sari. Soil samples were taken from four positions listed in two depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. Totally 32 soil samples and 16 organic layer samples were taken and transported to the laboratory. Soil texture, pH, EC, bulk density, soil moisture content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of mineral soil as well as pH, moisture content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of organic layer were measured in laboratory. Results showed that the electrical conductivity of the soil at a depth of 10-20 cm in gaps of pure stand was significantly lower than that of gaps and closed canopy of mixed stand. The gap in pure stand showed significantly lowest percentage of organic carbon. Total N was significantly lower in the gap position comparing with the closed canopy within the pure stand. Difference was significant in the case of Carbon to nitrogen ratio in the second soil depth between gaps and closed canopy in both stands. Soil available K was significantly greater in mixed stand compared to pure one. None of soil properties showed significant differences in depth of 0-10 cm between the various positions in both stands. Relative humidity showed significantly higher percentages in both organic and mineral soil layers in pure compared to mixed stands. The findings suggested that canopy compositions are significantly able to influence some properties of soil n organic and mineral layers. Manuscript profile

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145 - Evaluating Efficiency of Forest-Trees Felling Motor-Manual Groups Using Data Envelopment Analysis Method in West of Mazandaran Province
Morteza Madanipour Kermanshahi Leila Karamali

The efficiency of motor-manual groups in process of felling trees is less than expected in some utilization groups, which indicates the needs for improving the performance of these groups. The first step of the efficiency improvement is the evaluation of the current &lr More

The efficiency of motor-manual groups in process of felling trees is less than expected in some utilization groups, which indicates the needs for improving the performance of these groups. The first step of the efficiency improvement is the evaluation of the current &lrm;status of these groups. In this study, the felling groups were randomly &lrm;selected in 12 gropes from the forests of West Mazandaran. Each group included 2 and 3 operator (a total of 24 groups). The characteristics of each group (the number of people, system cost, chainsaw hours-of-operation and the cutting wood volume) were collected for three working days. The required diagrams (number of felled trees, the cutting wood volume, system cost, hours of operation and chainsaw hours-of-operation) were prepared and investigated by GAMS software. The number of people, system cost, chainsaw hours-of-operation as well as the cutting wood volume was designed as input and output variables, respectively. The data were also analysed through data envelopment analysis (DEA). The DEA results indicated that the effectiveness of managerial, technical and inductive were 0/9215, 0/8016, and 0/8671 respectively. Manuscript profile

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146 - بهره‌گیری از روش‌های رگرسیون‌مبنا در تعیین پارامترهای اکوهیدرولوژیک تاج‌پوشش توده پیسه‌آ کلاردشت
پریسا عباسیان پدرام عطارد* سید محمد معین صادقی ویلما بایرام زاده

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147 - قابلیت داده‌های ماهواره IRS در برآورد تاج پوشش گیاهی (مطالعه موردی:چهارمحال و بختیاری)
مریم محمدی عطاالله ابراهیمی اکبر حق‌زاده

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148 - تاثیر قرق بر احیاء خاک، غنا و تنوع گیاهی مراتع تفتان
مهدیه ابراهیمی حمیده خسروی مسعود ریگی

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149 - تعیین سهم برخی خصوصیات خاک در تشریح پراکنش پوشش گیاهی در مراتع ییلاقی بلده نور
فرهاد برنا محمدرضا طاطیان رضا تمرتاش وحید غلامی

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150 - The Effect of Cultural Dimensions of Globalization on Women's Culture ( Case Study: Female Students of Azad University, South Branch)
Nooshzad Yeganeh Rahmatollah Sedigh Sarvestani Seyyed Reza Salehi Amiri Zahra Behbahani

The study aimed to assess the impact of cultural aspects of globalization on IranianWomen's three Cultural components (identity, behavior and dress) with crosscorrelationmethod ,was implemented in 1392.The methodology of research hastwo levels of descriptive and analysi More

The study aimed to assess the impact of cultural aspects of globalization on IranianWomen's three Cultural components (identity, behavior and dress) with crosscorrelationmethod ,was implemented in 1392.The methodology of research hastwo levels of descriptive and analysis by sort of survey and sample size of n = 351with using Cochran formula ,and number 4023 is obtained from Simple randomsampling of female students of the Faculty of Management and Accounting, TehranSouth Branch. Tools for data collection is a questionnaire based on Likert (fiveoptions) and reliability is based on using Cronbach's Alpha which is equal to ./824. Inline with the original hypothesis, this result was confirmed that globalization is aninevitable process and its Impact on women's culture in Iran will depend on the typeof actions of responsibles and policy makers. If policy makers do not understand thenew requirements and do not adopting measures to deal proactively with the waveof globalization, This trend poses a threat to women's culture and Will lead to itsweakening.As a result ,the cultural dimensions of globalization, such as identity,dress andmorality impact on women and culture of their lives.. Manuscript profile

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151 - Designing the Iranian‐Islamic model of covering management according to value management
محسن قدمی حسین مظفر عیسی کشاورز

Introduction and Objective : This research is a non‐experimental and applied study. Statistical Universe and Sample of Research: 1) In the stage of weigh 􀆟ng to the conceptual model of research, the opinions of 289 experts (including designers, producers, economic More

Introduction and Objective : This research is a non‐experimental and applied study. Statistical Universe and Sample of Research: 1) In the stage of weigh 􀆟ng to the conceptual model of research, the opinions of 289 experts (including designers, producers, economic activists and authorities on seminary and university) viewpoints concerning the evaluation of existing condition of covering management. 2) In the stage of priori 􀆟zing the values of, the opinions of 44 experts have been studied by researcher ‐made questionnaire of model design, and Delphi technique was used for determination of priority of values. Parson’s AGIL model is considered as the four dimensions of the research model and then the values of Blanchard and O’Connor are localized with the view to the opinions of experts and positioned as the indices of model. R esults: 1 ‐ Based on the designed model, in this research we can evaluate and improve the activities of covering management in the country. 2 ‐ The goals set forth based on identification and achievement for covering management in the country, the cultural, political, social and economic components in improvement of covering management have been achieved as far as possible. 3 ‐ In the present research, was used sorted happiness value with 30.7%, pro fitability value with 28.2%, iden􀆟ty value with 23.2% and health value with 17.9% are four be 􀆩er values in designing model Manuscript profile

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152 - Simulation of a Suitable Pattern of vegetation Cover for Protection and Restoration of Tajan Watershed Using TOPSIS and AHP
فاطمه رجائی عباس اسماعیلی ساری عبوالرسول سلمان ماهینی مجید دلاور علی رضا مساح بوانی مصطفی قلی پور

Abstract Change and destruction of the environment by human activities, has been increased that results can be pointed out to the landscape change. This paper aims to determine the best scenario to protect and restore land cover changes in the future with an emphasis on More

Abstract Change and destruction of the environment by human activities, has been increased that results can be pointed out to the landscape change. This paper aims to determine the best scenario to protect and restore land cover changes in the future with an emphasis on the patches connection of natural vegetation. Predict the ecological impacts of management scenarios based on metrics values determine and then the best scenario-based TOPSIS method was selected. In addition, the implementation of the scenario of protection and restoration in the watershed Tajan will be reduce the number of patches from 7600 to 4657 patches in natural vegetation and will cause better connectivity that is a sign of decreasing degradation and fragmentation of the landscape in the study area. The approach used in this study the possibility of predicting the ecological results of land use for achieve the objectives of the assessment and better integrated management of the watershed changes provides. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

153 - ‌Analysis of key drivers that influence pattern of land cover in rural areas of East Guilan in order to making a foresight
mohammad ali rahimi pour sheikhani nejad

In this study in order to making a foresight and sustainable land planning in rural areas of east guilan as a special ecological zone including 744 villages Essential variables Were collected by using questionnaire & Delphi Method with cooperation of experts. Influe More

In this study in order to making a foresight and sustainable land planning in rural areas of east guilan as a special ecological zone including 744 villages Essential variables Were collected by using questionnaire & Delphi Method with cooperation of experts. Influence coefficient was calculated. Number of influential variables on changes in land cover were 93 ones. (in the local, regional& national level) key drivers were detected by MIC-MAC. In order to creating scenario 19 influential key drivers on changes in land cover were homogenized by a 20-person professional pannel.9 main descriptors were defined, then for every descriptor 3 Variant were defined( express possible moods from most critical to the best). In the next step three scenario based on strong consistency with 15 years interval were obtained by Cross-Impact Balance matrix and Monte Carlo Simulation in Scenario Wizard. Finally, the resulting scenarios, based on the most effective in conservation of earth's natural coverage and continuity of stability, with titles balanced ecological changes, relatively balanced ecological changes and imbalanced ecological changes were named. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

154 - The role of heat island in temperature change process of Tehran metropolitan area1
Sahar Mansouri shahriar khaledi Reza Borna Farideh Asadian

This study aims to investigate the role of heat island in the process of temperature changes in an urban area of Tehran during 2010 and 2018, equivalent to 1389 and 1397. To evaluate the changes, five points were identified on the map of region 1 and its eight regions. More

This study aims to investigate the role of heat island in the process of temperature changes in an urban area of Tehran during 2010 and 2018, equivalent to 1389 and 1397. To evaluate the changes, five points were identified on the map of region 1 and its eight regions. Then the middle month of each season from 2010 and 2018 was selected for review. Landsat 8 satellite data were used to analyze the heat island and the effects of urban construction on the intensification of this phenomenon. The maximum temperature data, normalized vegetation difference index, and ground surface temperature were extracted. This study shows that the level of vegetation in 2018 compared to 2010 has decreased sharply, so that it has caused temperature changes and also the creation of a heat island in recent years in the region. The increase in temperature in the morning and noon is observed in all selected months of the four seasons of the year. At the same time, the amount of increase in minimum temperatures was greater than the maximum temperatures. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

155 - Survey of Flood water Spreading on quantitative changes of Vegetation Cover and Groundwater Recharge by Remote Sensing and GIS in Tasouj Aquifer in East Azarbayjan
Hossein Saadati Maghsoud Khayyam

One of the methods for water supplying and control of drying and flood is theapplication of water flooding. The work reported here was conducted at theexperimental station located in Tassuj plain, 110 km north-west of Tabriz in thenorthern of Oroumiye lake, situated bet More

One of the methods for water supplying and control of drying and flood is theapplication of water flooding. The work reported here was conducted at theexperimental station located in Tassuj plain, 110 km north-west of Tabriz in thenorthern of Oroumiye lake, situated between 45°18 to 45° 33E and 38° 15 to 38° 24 N,with an average annual precipitation of 362.3 mm, and average annual evaporation of989.5 mm. The study basin has an area of 5590 km2 with 3000 km2 on which floodspreading is possible. The aims of this research are investigation of efficacy of FloodSpreading Project (FSP) on vegetation cover and recharge of groudwater in Tassujstation. Remote sensing and GIS systems are effective and efficient techniques inwatershed management and investigation flood distribution in plains. After preparingmentioned parameters in GIS environment (using Arc GIS software), digital maps andtwo satellite images TM (1992) and ETM (2002, 2006) of the study area from floodspreading of Tassuj was used. Images were interpretated by Hybrid or optic method oncomputer monitor. The results were indicated that vegetation cover increased afterFlood Spreading Project equal 18% to 34% in 1378 to 1384 year. Bare soil decreasesin 9 years at last too. Deposit of drying, groundwater level does not decrease but alsodischarge of wells was increased. Study of unit hydrograph of Tassuj plain wasdeterminated that groundwater level decreases equal 10 meters in 1373 to 1380 butafter flood spreading in the1380 year it increased. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

156 - Analysis of environmental system the western slopes of Baghrodagh moruntians and these roles in genesis Biomes fandoghlu forest
R. Samadzadeh

West slopes of bagrodag and fandoglu area, with having unique autumnal forests,beautiful and green pastures and naturel and human making extents, that is one of thewell-known natural attractions in west-north of country, has been situated in the endwest of ardebil provi More

West slopes of bagrodag and fandoglu area, with having unique autumnal forests,beautiful and green pastures and naturel and human making extents, that is one of thewell-known natural attractions in west-north of country, has been situated in the endwest of ardebil province.In this research, in order to survey existing relationships of vegetation in area andits forest distribution,with environmental factors and identification of limiting(preventing) factor and identification of effective factors in its area formation, withsurvey of any environmental factors, commence of providing different environmentalmaps from a direction and vegetation maps from the other direction and finallycombined maps from them has been done.With survey of these maps, has been recognized that none of climatic factors,preventing or limiting factors, in forest formation are not considered. But these factorsare effective in the kind of vegetation. Among these, two factors of humidity and thedirection of wind, have been effective more than other factors and due to have rates ofarea and plant community from passing humidity of area level, play role in thevegetation concentration and its present.Trough, continuosly protection of forest and pasture areas has been done and thecmpletness of growth stages has been provided for plants, can be hoped to makingforest areas in all over the study area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

157 - Evaluation of the Performance of Durable and Safe Houses Affiliated to Tehran Municipality in Order to Promote Community-Oriented Participation of Citizens in Crises
shahin Mozaffari Morteza shafiee Hamid Mamoodian AtaAbadi

10.30495/ums.2023.22337

Introduction and purpose: It is not possible to implement comprehensive programs in the field of crisis management without the conscious participation of citizens, and it is necessary to plan with institutional capacity building and their empowerment in crises. In this More

Introduction and purpose: It is not possible to implement comprehensive programs in the field of crisis management without the conscious participation of citizens, and it is necessary to plan with institutional capacity building and their empowerment in crises. In this regard, Tehran Municipality has started a popular and voluntary organization in the neighborhood house with the title of Durability and Safety House, so the purpose of this research is to provide a mathematical model to evaluate the performance of these Durability and Safety Houses affiliated with Tehran Municipality in order to promote community-oriented participation of citizens in crises. Method: The research method used in this research is applied in nature and its method is contextual-case. Also, a combination of two field and library methods has been used to collect data. In line with data analysis, the mathematical model of Rough Data Envelopment analysis has been used. Also, the statistical population of this research, in terms of examining the efficiency of durable and safe houses, includes 22 durable and safe houses, and in terms of determining the effective indicators in their selection, it includes 55 experts in crisis matters, and due to the limited nature of the society, all members of the society were considered as a statistical sample. Findings: The findings indicate that among the 22 durability and safety houses investigated, 11 areas are efficient and the rest are ineffective. Conclusion: Considering the central role of durability and safety houses and the participation of citizens in preventing the occurrence of crises, the need to stabilize and measure their performance and efficiency is of great importance. In this regard, it is necessary for the municipalities to cooperate as much as possible with the citizens and formulate coherent plans and implement them in durable and safe houses in order to reduce the scope of the crisis during and after it occurs.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

158 - اثر پوشش خوراکی بر پایه نشاسته حاوی عصاره چویر بر فعالیت ضد میکروبی در فیله ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان در طول دوره نگهداری
, F Fakhri , H Ahari , M Ataie

در سال‌های اخیر تمایل به استفاده از فیلم‌ها و پوشش‌های خوراکی زیست تخریب‌پذیر در بسته بندی مواد غذایی رو به افزایش بوده است. این بسته‌بندی‌ها مزایای مختلفی مانند زیست تخریب‌پذیری و حمل افزودنی‌های غذایی مانند آنتی اکسیدان‌ها، ترکیبات ضد میکروبی، رنگ‌ها و مواد مغذی را دا More

در سال‌های اخیر تمایل به استفاده از فیلم‌ها و پوشش‌های خوراکی زیست تخریب‌پذیر در بسته بندی مواد غذایی رو به افزایش بوده است. این بسته‌بندی‌ها مزایای مختلفی مانند زیست تخریب‌پذیری و حمل افزودنی‌های غذایی مانند آنتی اکسیدان‌ها، ترکیبات ضد میکروبی، رنگ‌ها و مواد مغذی را دارند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر پوشش خوراکی بر پایه نشاسته همراه با عصاره چویر بر فعالیت ضد میکروبی و کیفیت فیزیکوشیمیایی فیله ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان در طول دوره نگهداری می باشد. عصاره چویر را در رقت‌های صفر، 1، 5/1 ،2 و3 درصد به پوشش خوراکی نشاسته‌ای اضافه گردید. تکه‌های ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان را در رقت‌ها غوطه‌ور ساخته و در یخچال در دمای 0C4 نگهداری شد و طی روزهای صفر، 3، 6، 9 و 12 آزمون‌های میکروبی و سرمادوست، pH، هانترلب، اندیس پراکسید، روی نمونه‌ها انجام شد. شمارش کلی میکروبی و سرمادوست نیز انجام گرفت. تجزیه شیمیایی اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه GC/MS منجر به شناسایی 9 ترکیب با مجموع 85/96% شد که شامل اوسیمن، آلفا ـ پینن، ترانس ـ بتا ـ اوسیمن و بورنیل استات بود. نتایج آزمون‌های انجام گرفته بر روی پوشش خوراکی نشان داد شمارش کلی میکروبی و شمارش کپک و مخمر در نمونه‌های دارای عصاره چویر منفی بوده است. بررسی‌ها نشان داد افزایش غلظت عصاره در پوشش خوراکی منجر به کاهش روند افزایشی شمارش کلی میکروبی و شمارش باکتری‌های سرمادوست، در نمونه فیله ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان شده است. نتایج بدست آمده بیانگر خصوصیات ضد میکروبـی و آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره چویر بوده که افزودن آن به بسته‌بندی بر پـایه نشاسته باعث افزایش طول مدت نگهداری فیله ماهی قزل‌آلا با حفظ کیفیت میکروبی و فیزیکوشیمیایی می‌باشد بنابراین می‌توان از این گیاه به عنوان نگهدارنده و جایگزینی برای نگهدارنده‌های شیمیایی در مواد غذایی استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

159 - Simulation of sugar beet growth under water stress using AquaCrop model
Zahra Saadati Masoomeh Delbari مهدی پناهی Ebrahim Amiri

Simulation models that illustrate the effects of water on crop yield are useful tools to optimize water productivity and improve farm level water management. In this study, the performance of AquaCrop model to simulate canopy cover, biomass and yield of the sugar beet a More

Simulation models that illustrate the effects of water on crop yield are useful tools to optimize water productivity and improve farm level water management. In this study, the performance of AquaCrop model to simulate canopy cover, biomass and yield of the sugar beet and soil water content under six irrigation treatments was evaluated. The irrigation treatments were consisted of full irrigation (T1) as control, removing last irrigation (T2), applying irrigation water at 10% greater than control (T3), applying irrigation water at 10 (T4), 20 (T5) and 30% (T6) less than control. The experiment was conducted at Aleshtar in Lorestan province during growing seasons of 2014 and 2015, using a randomized complete block design. The first and second year’s data were used for calibrating and validating of the model, respectively. Evaluation of the model was performed using the coefficient of residual mass, root mean square error, normalized root mean square error, index of agreement and coefficient of determination. According to the results, the normalized root mean square error in the canopy cover and soil water content simulations for calibration was 5.18 to 9.41 percent and 9.91 to 17.23 percent, respectively and for validation was 6.64 to 9.2 percent and 12.36 to 25.77 percent, respectively. Also, the normalized root mean square error in the yield and biomass simulations for calibration was 7.3 and 8.67 percent and for validation was 7.69 and 9.82 percent, respectively. The results indicated a good performance of the AquaCrop Model in simulating the canopy cover development, biomass and yield of sugar beet and soil water content under different irrigation managements. Therefore, the AquaCrop model can be used to explore management scenarios to improve the sugar beet water management over the study region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

160 - Investigating indices of soil surface erosion and their relations to slope characteristics in semi-arid rangelands
علی رضا واعظی زهرا بیات مجید فرومدی

Surface erosion is a one of the major factors of soil degradation and gradual decline in soil productivity. Little studies have been done on the surface erosion indices in the semi-arid rangelands. Therefore, this study was conducted to quantify surface soil erosion ind More

Surface erosion is a one of the major factors of soil degradation and gradual decline in soil productivity. Little studies have been done on the surface erosion indices in the semi-arid rangelands. Therefore, this study was conducted to quantify surface soil erosion indices using the land characteristics in a semi-arid region. Five southern hillslopes with different slope gradients (9, 13, 17, 31 and 33%) which subjected to surface erosion were selected in Zanjan province. Soil samples were collected from two depths (0-5 and 5-15 cm) in four locations at a 2-m distance along the slope at two replications. A total of 80 soil samples were collected for analyzing particle size distribution. Soil surface erosion indices were determined using the proportion of particle diameter for given frequency in surface and sub-surface soils. Toward this, the proportion of particle diameter in the frequency of 40 (d401/d402), 50 (d501/d502), 60 (d601/d602) and 70 % (d701/d702) was computed. Additionally, proportions of mean weight diameter (MWDp1/MWDp2), geometric mean diameter (dg1/dg2) and geometric standard deviation (δg1/δg2) of surface and subsurface soils particles were determined. Based on the results, significant differences were found among the hillslopes in all soil surface erosion indices, whereas the differences for the locations along the hillslopes were not statistically significant. In the steep slopes, the frequency of fine particles (silt and clay) and organic matter content was very low in surface soil. Multiple linear regression analysis appeared a strong relationship between the MWDp1/MWDp2 and slope gradient (R2= 0.51, p< 0.001). This study revealed that the MWDp1/MWDp2 is the proper index to evaluate soil surface erosion in the semi-arid hillslopes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

161 - Spatial Pattern of Sediment Yield by Sediment Structural Connectivity Model in the Taleghan Watershed, Iran
Mohammad Ali Hilou Seyed Abbas Hosseini Ahmad Sharafati

10.30495/wsrcj.2022.68481.11309

Background and Aim: Nowadays, due to the importance of sediments in watersheds, the integrated watershed management in the country requires a specific framework in planning related to monitoring and control of sediments.One of the most effective methods is the use of se More

Background and Aim: Nowadays, due to the importance of sediments in watersheds, the integrated watershed management in the country requires a specific framework in planning related to monitoring and control of sediments.One of the most effective methods is the use of sediment connectivity index (IC). Connectivity process is an innovative concept to understand the processes which occur in the watershed area that affect water flow and sediment movement at different spatial-temporal scales. This index explains the degree of connection of the sediment flow throughout the watershed, especially between the sediment source and the downstream area, and in a way, expresses the sediment delivery ratio. Therefore, the current research is conducted with the aim of investigating the sediment connectivity in Taleghan watershed of Alborz province to extract the sediment connectivity index map and also verify the results with field investigations.Method: In this research, in order to investigate the spatial pattern of sediment production in the watershed, the sediment connectivity map of the basin was drawn from the method presented by Borselli et al. and the definition of connectivity index (IC). For this purpose, at first, topographic data from 30-Meter Digital Elevation Model and vegetation data at 10- and 30-meters spatial resolution are obtained with Sentinel-2A and Landsat 8 images, respectively, and by using data layers such as the average slope gradient, the average weighting factor and the upslope contributing area the amount of upstream component of the flow starting path in sediment transport was calculated. Then, using the layers of the length towards the downslope path, the weight factor of each cell and finally the slope gradient of each cell, the downstream component in the sediment connectivity network was calculated and by referring to catchment outlet in the ArcGIS 10-2-2 software, the connectivity index for all pixels Calculated and the sediment connectivity map was drawn. The IC can assume values ranging from -∞ to +∞ and as IC grows toward +∞, the connectivity increases, finally in order to evaluate the results of the field connection index model (FIC), it is implemented in 30 points of the watershed and the correlation between the IC index and FIC in these points are evaluated. Results: According to the findings of this research as well as the fitting of IC sediment connectivity index values with FIC field sediment connectivity index in 30 points, the relationship between these two indicators is linear. The coefficient of determining the output of the model with a spatial accuracy of 30 meters was obtained with a numerical value of 0.62, It shows the higher accuracy of the sediment connectivity index results with a spatial resolution of 10 meters compared to 30 meters. Although the distribution of the points is irregular in some cases, the general trend of the results shows that with the increase in the amount of IC connection, the amount of FIC field computing sediment connection has also increased linearly. In calculating the index of connectivity, the factors such as the shape, slope and roughness of the basin which are easily accessible due to the less data requirement and high efficiency, can be the basis for improving the estimation of sedimentation models.Conclusion: In this research, the results show that the sediment connectivity index with a spatial accuracy of 10 meters has a higher accuracy than the connectivity index with a spatial accuracy of 30 meters. In addition, the results demonstrate the slope and the vegetation factor are critical parameters in the sedimentation of the Taleghan watershed. It is also worth mentioning that in order to investigate the effect of the watershed area and the principal waterway length, the results of the sediment connectivity index can be evaluated more precisely at the sub-basin and even the hillslopes. Considering the importance of these items in the sedimentation of each sub-basin, including the flow direction map and flow accumulation in the assumptions of this model, is one of the advantages of this technique. The other important advantage of this model is its low data requirement, which can greatly reduce the complexity and data requirements of existing erosion and sedimentation models. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

162 - Assessment the effects of vegetation degradation on runoff changes and water pollution potential in the sub-watersheds of the Eastern Azerbaijan province
Ardavan Zarandian Majid Ramezani Mehrian

10.30495/wsrcj.2021.18547

Vegetation is an important factor affecting runoff, quantity and quality of water in a watershed. This study investigates the effects of vegetation reduction in the eastern watershed of Lake Urmia on two parameters of runoff and the potential for water pollution .The WW More

Vegetation is an important factor affecting runoff, quantity and quality of water in a watershed. This study investigates the effects of vegetation reduction in the eastern watershed of Lake Urmia on two parameters of runoff and the potential for water pollution .The WWPSS model was used to simultaneously assess the three parameters. Vegetation shows a fraction of the types of grass, tree and land without vegetation that were obtained from MODIS VCF satellite images. Runoff was calculated as accumulated water budget downstream. This model also provides an indicator to determine the potential level of water pollution. The results showed that rangeland cover decreased by an average of about 32%. Also, the average runoff production increased by 2.6, 3.16, 2.9 and 3.25 percent, respectively, in the existing conditions in 4 sub-basins of Aji Chai, Qaleh Chai, Marduq Chai and Sufi Chai compared to the situation before the reduction of vegetation coverage. According to the results, the difference in water pollution potential between the baseline and existing conditions in different parts of the watershed has fluctuated in the range between -9 to15% and an average of 0.6%. This change has increased the pollution load in some places and decreased it in others; but in general, it has led to incremental changes in water pollution potential with an average of about 2.5% in the total watershed. The method used can be used to quantify and map ecosystem water changes and its application in environmental assessment and management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

163 - Investigation of Soil Surface Moisture in Ardabil City Using Landsat 8 and Sentile 1 satellite Data
Sayyad Asghari Saraskanrod Fariba Esfandayari Darabad Elham Mollanouri Shiva Safary

10.30495/wsrcj.2022.20006

Background and Aim: Surface soil moisture is an important variable in nature's water cycle and can be affected by various factors, including temperature and soil characteristics. The use of ground sensors for measuring moisture can lead to spending time and expense and More

Background and Aim: Surface soil moisture is an important variable in nature's water cycle and can be affected by various factors, including temperature and soil characteristics. The use of ground sensors for measuring moisture can lead to spending time and expense and inappropriate distribution of samples on large scales. Therefore, Remote sensing observations can be an important tool in estimating soil moisture. The present study aims to use the TOTRAM model using Landsat 8 images and the SVR method using Sentile 1 images to estimate soil moisture.Methods: In the present study, two TOTRAM methods based on pixel distribution in LST- VI space and the SVR method were used to extract soil moisture using the SAR technique and Sentinel 1 data. To implement the TOTRAM method, Landsat 8 images related to 4/29/1398 and 5/30/1398 are downloaded and after extracting NDVI and LST maps, The correlation between the dependent variable of moisture and independent temperature variables and vegetation variables has been investigated using Geographically weighted regression (GWR). To implement the SVR method after acquiring Sentinel 1 images related to 31\/05\/1398 and 27\/04\/1398, Soil Moisture Data Product FLDAS and 500 meters product of Modis Satellite (MCD12q1) were called to classify land cover in the Google Earth Engine system, and maps related to soil moisture were extracted. After extracting the moisture maps the distribution of moisture using the local Moran index has been investigated. By defining this index, positive values for this index represent the cluster of distribution.Results: Examination of the soil moisture map obtained by the SVR method showed the concentration of moisture in areas with vegetation and water and the change in moisture status from July to August was visible. The humidity pattern has shown the reflection of the precipitation pattern so that maximum precipitation and humidity were observed in April and in summer both precipitation and humidity components decreased. Examination of the TOTRAM method and application of the GWR method has shown a complete correlation between NDVI LST and moisture. However, the correlation between LST and humidity with B (values) and standard error (SE) of 0.995 and zero corresponding to July and 0.981 and zero corresponding to August showed the highest correlation with vegetation variable with moisture dependence parameter, which this correlation In August, with increasing the coefficient of determination of R2 to 0.997 and a significant decrease of NDVI to the value of 0.415 in July, it has increased much more. Application of Moran local index with values less than 0.05 for p-value and positive values for z and near positive number 1 for Moran index showed the cluster distribution of moisture variable.Conclusion: The results of TOTRAM and SVR methods showed the dependence of soil moisture status on conditions and cluster moisture distribution. According to the correlation coefficients of geographical regression, there is a greater correlation between temperature and humidity variables, especially in August, due to the decrease in vegetation density. The results of the SVR algorithm maps showed that in areas with the presence of vegetation, especially dense vegetation, we see an increase and with increasing temperature, we see a decrease in humidity. Also, the coordination of moisture patterns of the SVR algorithm and precipitation showed a direct relationship between moisture and precipitation. Considering that the SVR method uses parameters such as radar scattering intensity and land cover classification, as well as the use of Sentinel 1 radar images by this algorithm, more accurate results can be expected from this algorithm.Keywords: LST, NDVI, Support vector regression, TOTRAMBackground and Aim: Surface soil moisture is an important variable in nature's water cycle and can be affected by various factors, including temperature and soil characteristics. The use of ground sensors for measuring moisture can lead to spending time and expense and inappropriate distribution of samples on large scales. Therefore, Remote sensing observations can be an important tool in estimating soil moisture. The present study aims to use the TOTRAM model using Landsat 8 images and the SVR method using Sentile 1 images to estimate soil moisture.Methods: In the present study, two TOTRAM methods based on pixel distribution in LST- VI space and the SVR method were used to extract soil moisture using the SAR technique and Sentinel 1 data. To implement the TOTRAM method, Landsat 8 images related to 4/29/1398 and 5/30/1398 are downloaded and after extracting NDVI and LST maps, The correlation between the dependent variable of moisture and independent temperature variables and vegetation variables has been investigated using Geographically weighted regression (GWR). To implement the SVR method after acquiring Sentinel 1 images related to 31\/05\/1398 and 27\/04\/1398, Soil Moisture Data Product FLDAS and 500 meters product of Modis Satellite (MCD12q1) were called to classify land cover in the Google Earth Engine system, and maps related to soil moisture were extracted. After extracting the moisture maps the distribution of moisture using the local Moran index has been investigated. By defining this index, positive values for this index represent the cluster of distribution.Results: Examination of the soil moisture map obtained by the SVR method showed the concentration of moisture in areas with vegetation and water and the change in moisture status from July to August was visible. The humidity pattern has shown the reflection of the precipitation pattern so that maximum precipitation and humidity were observed in April and in summer both precipitation and humidity components decreased. Examination of the TOTRAM method and application of the GWR method has shown a complete correlation between NDVI LST and moisture. However, the correlation between LST and humidity with B (values) and standard error (SE) of 0.995 and zero corresponding to July and 0.981 and zero corresponding to August showed the highest correlation with vegetation variable with moisture dependence parameter, which this correlation In August, with increasing the coefficient of determination of R2 to 0.997 and a significant decrease of NDVI to the value of 0.415 in July, it has increased much more. Application of Moran local index with values less than 0.05 for p-value and positive values for z and near positive number 1 for Moran index showed the cluster distribution of moisture variable.Conclusion: The results of TOTRAM and SVR methods showed the dependence of soil moisture status on conditions and cluster moisture distribution. According to the correlation coefficients of geographical regression, there is a greater correlation between temperature and humidity variables, especially in August, due to the decrease in vegetation density. The results of the SVR algorithm maps showed that in areas with the presence of vegetation, especially dense vegetation, we see an increase and with increasing temperature, we see a decrease in humidity. Also, the coordination of moisture patterns of the SVR algorithm and precipitation showed a direct relationship between moisture and precipitation. Considering that the SVR method uses parameters such as radar scattering intensity and land cover classification, as well as the use of Sentinel 1 radar images by this algorithm, more accurate results can be expected from this algorithm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

164 - Application of New Agricultural Drought Index Based on Soil Moisture and Modified Vegetation Index Using Remote Sensing Data of SMAP and TERRA
Aliakbar Karamvand Seyed Abbas Hosseini Ahmad Sharafati

10.30495/wsrcj.2022.67163.11299

Background and Aim: There are always challenges of spatial and temporal resolution in-situ measurement methods of factors affecting drought phenomena, and the presence of human operators is required. However, due to remote sensing's ability to measure data on the entire More

Background and Aim: There are always challenges of spatial and temporal resolution in-situ measurement methods of factors affecting drought phenomena, and the presence of human operators is required. However, due to remote sensing's ability to measure data on the entire surface of the planet with an acceptable spatial and temporal resolution, its use in controlling and observing drought has grown more than ever, and it has become a powerful tool in the hands of experts. In this study, based on two components of surface soil moisture and modified vegetation index (EVI) by applying remote sensing data, a new agricultural drought index named (SMADIN) is proposed.Method: To achieve the goal of proposing a drought index based on soil moisture, surface soil moisture data from the SMAP satellite of 5 cm depth was used. These data were validated before use against daily field measurements provided by the Iranian Meteorological Organization over a 250-day period. Validation step error was evaluated using the root mean square error method between satellite data and field measurements. Furthermore, the EVI index was calculated using data from the TERRA satellite and the MODIS sensor. Eventually, an analytical method is used to propose a drought index based on soil moisture. In order to compare the performance of this index in different weather conditions, two regions were chosen, one representing a dry climate and the other a wet climate. Then, the correlation matrix was plotted by the Pearson method for SMADIN agricultural drought index versus vegetation health index (VHI) and the results were discussed.Results: Validation showed that field data measured in land use similar to remote sensing had an average root mean square error of 0.05 .The results indicate that the new agricultural drought index correlates up to 96% with VHI in the humid climate and 98% in arid regions. In addition, a 5-year comparison of the new SMADI and VHI time series in the study area demonstrates synchrony in peaks, minimums, increases, and decreases.Conclusion: An agricultural drought index based on soil moisture is proposed in this study. We believe that, in recent years, when the lifetime of the SMAP satellite data exceeds 7 years, it is possible to use this index in future studies. Considering the possible error of SMAP and TERRA data in providing drought index, it is suggested to use this index in future studies in dry regions such as the central and southern regions of Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

165 - Effect of Methylcellulose and Carnauba wax coating with Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the improvement quality of Red Delicious apple
M. Rezaie N. Sedaghat

10.30495/jftn.2023.69773.11225

 Introduction:  The quality of fresh fruits and vegetables, and thus their shelf life, is reduced due to changes such as moisture loss, enzymatic browning, tissue decay, and microbial growth. The use of an edible coating on fruits and vegetables during storage More

 Introduction:  The quality of fresh fruits and vegetables, and thus their shelf life, is reduced due to changes such as moisture loss, enzymatic browning, tissue decay, and microbial growth. The use of an edible coating on fruits and vegetables during storage will increase shelf life by controlling the moisture migration, respiration rate, and oxidation. As apple is one of the most important raw materials for many foods and is grown in many countries around the world, it is important to keep apples fresh. The use of methylcellulose and Carnauba wax coating with Modified Atmosphere Packaging for maintaining the quality and prolonging the shelf life of Red Delicious apples.Materials and Methods: In this study, fresh apples (Red Delicious) were coated by two types of coating materials (methyl cellulose and carnauba wax) then samples packed in three layers bags (PE/PA/PE) with normal air condition (control), active modified atmosphere and inactive (passive) modified atmosphere, Samples stored at 2°C for 3 month. Thereafter, their quality characteristics such as Weight losses, color changes, hardness and change in packaging gas percentage, were tested and evaluated.   Results: Data showed coated samples had better properties as compared to the uncoated samples. The property was more obvious in samples coated by methylcellulose. In coating samples, weight losses were significantly (P≤0.05) less than uncoated samples, and also weight loss was slower.  At the end of the storage time, the highest firmness (958.2) was related to the sample with methyl cellulose coating and the lowest firmness (780.2) was related to the sample without coating (control). In the methyl cellulose coated samples, the weight loss of the samples was significantly lower than the other samples and the weight loss occurred at a slower rate (p≤0.05). At the end of the third month, the highest (7.6) and the lowest (4.7) weight loss was related to the sample without coating and the sample with methylcellulose coating, respectively. At the end of the sample storage time, the uncoated sample (control) had the highest Brix (17.2) and the sample coated with carnauba wax (16.1) had the lowest Brix. In all samples, the amount of L* decreased at the end of the storage time. During the entire storage period of apples, the amount of L* of the coated samples was higher than that of the control samples. The amount of L* in the control samples decreased and reached (19.2), while it reached (25.6) in the samples with methyl cellulose coating.  Conclusion:  The results of the present study showed that Methylcellulose was an appropriate coating to maintain the quality and increase the shelf-life of apples (Red Delicious). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

166 - The Effect of Active Modified Atmosphere Packaging with Different Gas Composition on Physicochemical and Nutritional Compounds of (Agaricus bisporus) Mushroom
P. Rajaei L. Nateghi F. Zarei

10.30495/jftn.2022.51192.11058

Introduction: Today, mushrooms are used as a common food source in many countries. Edible mushrooms have a low shelf life. The aim of this study was to use modified atmosphere packaging with different ratios on the shelf life and nutritional value of button mushrooms.Ma More

Introduction: Today, mushrooms are used as a common food source in many countries. Edible mushrooms have a low shelf life. The aim of this study was to use modified atmosphere packaging with different ratios on the shelf life and nutritional value of button mushrooms.Materials and Methods: In this research, the mushroom samples were placed in polypropylene-covered packages, and the packaged were filled with gas mixtures of 100% oxygen, 25% oxygen with 75% nitrogen, 50% oxygen with 50% nitrogen, and also 25% oxygen, 25 the percentage of carbon dioxide and 50% of nitrogen were filled and packed. The control sample was button mushroom packed with polypropylene cover and without modified atmosphere (control).The investigated characteristics included the percentage of weight loss, the percentage of free amino acids, the percentage of ascorbic acid, the concentration of polysaccharides, the intensity of respiration, the ripening index, the browning coefficient, colorimetric characteristics and sensory characteristics on the first, fifth, tenth and fifteenth days of storage at 4ºC was evaluated.Results: The results showed that the weight loss indexes, free amino acids, ascorbic acid and brightness index of button mushroom significantly (p≤0.05) decreased during storage, and respiratory rate, browning coefficient, jaundice, and redness significantly (p≤0.05) increased. All sensory indicators of texture, spoilage and bad smell, appearance color and overall acceptance also faced a significant decrease during 15 days of packaging (p≤0.05). Among button mushroom treatments, gaseous conditions of 25% oxygen, 25% carbon dioxide and 50% nitrogen had the least amount of changes during the storage time compared to the first day and showed a higher ability to protect button mushroom, and the control treatment had the highest Drop rate over time. Also, the treatment of 25% oxygen with 75% nitrogen and the treatment of 50% oxygen with 50% nitrogen did not show significant differences during 15 days of storage (p>0.05).         Conclusion: Finally, packaging with gaseous conditions of 25% oxygen, 25% carbon dioxide and 50% nitrogen was introduced as the optimal treatment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

167 - The Effect of Chitosan Coating Along with Essential Oil (Ferula gummosa Boiss) on the Quality Properties of Chicken Breast
A. Bayati Kalimani

10.30495/jftn.2023.74403.11267

 Introduction: Using food coatings containing essential oils with antioxidant and antibacterial properties helps to increase the shelf-life of meat products. This study investigated the effect of chitosan coating with different concentrations of Barijah essential o More

 Introduction: Using food coatings containing essential oils with antioxidant and antibacterial properties helps to increase the shelf-life of meat products. This study investigated the effect of chitosan coating with different concentrations of Barijah essential oil (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2%) on the quality of chicken breast during 12 days of cold storage.Materials and Methods: First, the antibacterial properties of Barijah essential oil were measured, and then after coating the chicken breasts, the qualitative properties namely color, bacteriological, and general acceptance characteristics were evaluated.Results: The results showed Barijah essence was more effective on Bacillus cereus bacteria than Escherichia coli (p<0.05). Coating the samples significantly improved the moisture and pH characteristics of chicken breast (p<0.05). The coating slowed down lipid oxidation and the formation of volatile nitrogen compounds in treatment (p<0.05). It also caused the tissue stiffness of the samples to be maintained (p<0.05). The color index showed that the use of coatings caused a decrease in the L* and a* values while the b* value increased (p<0.05). Microbial spoilage in the coated samples was significantly reduced as compared to the control sample (p<0.05). Samples containing 2% Barijah essence had better results than other treatments in all tests (p<0.05).  The acceptability of the treatment containing 1 and 2% Barig essence was the same and higher than other treatments (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that using chitosan with in essential oil of Barijah as a natural preservative increases the shelf life of meat products. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

168 - Effect of Gelatin/Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Bioactive Edible Coating Containing Nanoemulsion of Nettle Essential Oil on the Shelf Life of Turkey Meat
M. Adeli Milani M. Ghobadi Dana B. Ghanbarzadeh A. Alizadeh P. Ghasemi Afshar

Introduction: is the evaluation of the effect of gelatin/Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin coating containing nanoemulsion of nettle (Urtica dioica L. ( on chemical, microbial and sensory properties of turkey meat during storage. Materials and Methods: Chemical composit More

Introduction: is the evaluation of the effect of gelatin/Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin coating containing nanoemulsion of nettle (Urtica dioica L. ( on chemical, microbial and sensory properties of turkey meat during storage. Materials and Methods: Chemical compositions of nettle essential oil were detected using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Samples of turkey meat coated with 1.5% (V/V) nanoemulsion of nettle, coated with gelatin/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBC) containing nanoemulsion of nettle, packed in cellophane and without coating (Control) were stored at 4°C. Their physical and chemical (weight loss, total volatile basic nitrogen, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), microbial and sensory properties were evaluated at different intervals (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 days) of storage. Results: The results of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry showed the presence of effective compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities especially Carvacrol (51.71%). According to the results, lower amounts of weight loss, total volatile basic nitrogen, mesophilic, psychrophilic bacteria, molds, and yeasts were observed in turkey meat samples treated with nanoemulsion of nettle essential oil in comparison to the control during storage (p˂0.05) and the highest sensory scores were gained. Conclusion: Application of gelatin/HPBC coating containing nanoemulsion of nettle essential oil had a desirable effect on the control of chemical and microbial spoilage, therefore it can be used for increasing the shelf life of turkey meat in the food industry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

169 - The Antifungal Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Thyme (Thymusvulgaris) and Carboxy Methyl Cellulose Edible Coating on the Shelf life of Fresh Hazelnut
R. Razavi Y. Maghsoudloo M. Ghorbani M. Aalami

Introduction: Today, biodegradable packaging is taken more consideration due to the environmental problems of the synthetic packaging materials. Edible coating is one of the important biodegradable active packaging material and is regarded as a suitable alternative for More

Introduction: Today, biodegradable packaging is taken more consideration due to the environmental problems of the synthetic packaging materials. Edible coating is one of the important biodegradable active packaging material and is regarded as a suitable alternative for the synthetic packaging studied. In this research the effects of edible coating based on carboxy methyl cellulose containing thyme was studied with particular reference to moisture absorption, fungal growth and sensory characteristics in coated raw hazelnut. Materials and Methods: The edible coatings were prepared at different concentration levels of carboxy methyl cellulose (0.0, 0.5, & 1.5% W/V) and thyme extracts (0.0, 0.5 & 1% V/V). The mean changes in fungal growth and sensory characteristics were determined for coated and uncoated (control) hazelnut over 21 weeks. The tests were applied in three replications using factorial design based on completely random design. Results: The results of this research showed that non-coated samples had the most moisture absorption, fungal growth and mold development rates. Addition of hydroalcoholic thyme extract to coating solution significantly reduced the fungal growth in coated samples (p≤ 0.05). The results of the sensory tests of the samples indicated that the use of carboxy methyl cellulose coating delayed the softening of the tissues. Conclusion: The use of edible coatings with carboxy methyl cellulose and thyme extract reduced the moisture absorption and mold growth and increased the shelf-life of the coated hazelnuts. Carboxy methyl cellulose, a biodegradable natural biopolymer might be regarded as an alternative to the synthetic packaging.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

170 - The Effect of Two Packaging Methods Based on Nano-Chitosan on the Microbial Properties of Two Varieties of Apricot (58-Shahrood and Chin Kalaghi)
بهجت Tajeddin

Introduction: Apricot is a soft fruit with a short storage life. A considerable quantities of thisfruit are wasted due to its poor resistance to impact, unsuitable transport and storageconditions. Appropriate packaging is a good policy to decrease the wastage of this pr More

Introduction: Apricot is a soft fruit with a short storage life. A considerable quantities of thisfruit are wasted due to its poor resistance to impact, unsuitable transport and storageconditions. Appropriate packaging is a good policy to decrease the wastage of this product inthe post harvest and marketing stages.Materials and Methods: In this research, the effect of chitosan-based nano-emulsion andchitosan-based nano-containers on the microbial properties of two Iranian apricot cultivarsnamely the 58-Shahroud (526) and the ChinKalaghi (510) were studied. All the apricot fruitswere divided into three groups; without any treatments as the control, coated with theaforementioned wax and were packed in the chitosan nano-based containers. The treatedfruits were then stored at 0°C at relative humidity of %90± 5 for 8 weeks. During the coldstorage period, required microbial tests were performed every week. SEM test was alsocarried out.Results: The results showed that there are significant differences between the factors ofcoating, cultivar and storage time in terms of microbial tests. Chitosan nano-emulsion andchitosan nano-container have important roles in the prevention of the microbial growth ascompared to the control. SEM confirmed a nano-based coating on the skin of both cultivars.Conclusion: The application of chitosan as a coating film or chitosan based nano-containersmight be regarded as a suitable method to reduce antimicrobial contamination of apricots. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

171 - The Application of Dill Essential Oil Combined with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Active Coating Based on Carboxy Methyl Cellulose in order to Extend the Shelf Life of Shrimp under Refrigeration Condition
S. Taklavi T. Mostaghim Sh. Shahriari

Introduction: Shrimp among the sea food has the highest commercial demand universally. Due to biochemical, microbiological and physical spoilage after receiving from sea, it has a short shelf life. The object of this research is to improve the shelf life of shrimp caugh More

Introduction: Shrimp among the sea food has the highest commercial demand universally. Due to biochemical, microbiological and physical spoilage after receiving from sea, it has a short shelf life. The object of this research is to improve the shelf life of shrimp caught from the sea. Materials and Methods: Active edible Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC)-based coating containing Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (0.03%) and dill essential oil with 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% levels as biopreservative were prepared to extend the shelf life of shrimp during 12 days of storage at 4 ºC. Results: Using active edible CMC-based coating led to the reduction of pH changes in shrimp coated samples during storage time, therefore coating containing ZnO nanoparticles and 4% dill essential oil were most effective in increasing storage time significantly (p < 0.05) and increased TVB-N content until the end of the 12 days but using ZnO nanoparticles and increasing the concentration of dill essential oil from 0 up to 4% resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in TVB-N content. Although incorporation of the dill essential oil compared to control significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the L* and increased the b values during storage time and the treated samples with a higher levels of the essential oil had less color changes. However, extending the storage time significantly (p < 0.05) increases the b and reduces the L* values of shrimp samples. Increasing the storage time caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in hardness of the shrimp samples but the use of nanoparticles and the essential oil reduces the process of softening. Total aerobic bacteria, E.coli and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus counts showed that number of microorganisms was dependent on the presence of nanoparticles and the essential oil dosage used for treatment as well as storage time. Using high levels of the essential oil led to an increase (p < 0.05) in sensory parameter scores significantly, therefore the treatment containing 3% dill essential oil had the highest acceptability score. Conclusion: The use of 3% dill essential oil as biopreservative along with ZnO nanoparticles in the structure of active edible CMC-based coating is recommended for the preservation of shrimp at 4 ºC. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

172 - Combined Encapsulation of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Beta-Carotene Using Casein-Carrageenan and Estimation of their Durability during Storage and in Simulated Gastric Acid Situation
A. Poursefollah D. Zare M. Mirzaei

Introduction: Bifidobacterium bifidum is a beneficial probiotic usually utilized as supplement in food and food products. Beta-carotene is also a food supplement with antioxidant activity. These compounds are usually susceptible and have short durability, therefore, mic More

Introduction: Bifidobacterium bifidum is a beneficial probiotic usually utilized as supplement in food and food products. Beta-carotene is also a food supplement with antioxidant activity. These compounds are usually susceptible and have short durability, therefore, microencapsulation improves the sustainability. In the present study, the effect of encapsulation using “freeze drying” method was investigated on survivability of Bifidobacterium bifidum and stability of beta-carotene. Materials and Methods: Emulsified beta-carotene in a solution of sodium caseinate and carrageenan were prepared and mixed with a dense suspension of Bifidobacterium bifidum. The solutions were then dehydrated with a freeze dryer device. The viability of bacterium and durability of beta-carotene in encapsulated samples were compared with non-encapsulated samples at the day zero and during storage at 4 and 25 °C for one month and also in simulated gastric acid situation. Results: The results showed that encapsulation could increase the viability of encapsulated Bifidobacterium bifidum and durability of beta-carotene. The presence of beta-carotene in encapsulated samples significantly (P˂0.05) increased the survivability of encapsulated bacterium during storage. Microencapsulation had also a significant positive impact (P˂ 0.05) on the survivability of bacterium in simulated gastric conditions. Conclusion: Microencapsulation of bifidobacterium bifidum and beta-carotene using casein and carrageenan could improve the survivability of bacterium and stability of beta-carotene during storage and in simulated gastric acid situation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

173 - Effect of Wheat Flour and Salt Coating on Oil Uptake and Sensory Properties of Fried Chicken Meat
A.A. Sari S.S. Mirmoeini A. Daraei Garmakhani

Introduction: Fried foods, due to the desirable taste and flavor are quite popular. However due to the high amount of oil absorbed during frying, the use of coatings to reduce oil uptake in this food has been investigated. Materials and Methods: In this study, pieces o More

Introduction: Fried foods, due to the desirable taste and flavor are quite popular. However due to the high amount of oil absorbed during frying, the use of coatings to reduce oil uptake in this food has been investigated. Materials and Methods: In this study, pieces of chicken breast were coated in different concentrations of wheat flour (0, 3, 5%) in two groups of coating containing 0 and 1% NaCl. All the treatments were fried at 170 ºC±3 for 5 minutes. The quality and characteristics of all treatments were investigated.  Results: The results showed that the moisture contents of the samples were maintained by increasing concentrations of flour and consequently the amount of oil uptake of the samples were decreased. The sensory evaluation results indicated that flour coating improved the texture of the samples (p<0.05) but the appearance and color scored  less and the flour did not have a significant effect on the taste (p>0.05). The evaluation of color indices showed that the brightness of the coated fried samples was less than the control treatment. Therefore fried treatments containing 1% NaCl had lower L index as compared to the control group and coated treatments with 5% wheat flour had the highest L index. In all the fried treatments, a index did not differ significantly, but b index increased considerably. Conclusion: This study showed that the application of wheat flour lead to produce low fat fried foods without adverse effect on the sensory attributes of the final product. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

174 - The Effect of Persian Gum Coating Containing Green Mint Extract and Ultraviolet Ray on the Duration of Fresh Pistachio (Pistacia Vera)
M. Moezi M. Fazel

Introduction: Pistachio is one of the most popular nuts of the world due to its taste and nutritional value. The storage conditions of pistachios play an essential role in preserving the quality and organoleptic characteristics of the product, while unsatisfactory stora More

Introduction: Pistachio is one of the most popular nuts of the world due to its taste and nutritional value. The storage conditions of pistachios play an essential role in preserving the quality and organoleptic characteristics of the product, while unsatisfactory storage conditions, create undesirable reactions and provide poor products quality. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of various ultraviolet rays (4, 8,12 Kj/m2), Persian gum (7% w/v), and mint extract(1.5% v/v) on oxidative reactions and microbial characteristics of pistachio kernels of Kaleghuchchi cultivar. After applying the treatments, pistachios were packed in polyethylene bags and kept at refrigerated temperature (4 ± 1 ℃) for two months. In the first, third, fifth and eighth weeks, phenolic compounds, acidity, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid number and lossing weight were measured. On the first and last days of storage, the total microbial load and yeast mold were evaluated. Inorder to evaluate the effect of gum and extract of mint on the sensory properties on the last day, five-point gradient Hedonic test was carried out. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS20 software in a completely randomized design with three replications in LSD test. Results: The result showed that by increasing the intensity of radiation, the microbial load decreased (p <0/05), because the radiation by the nucleoide acid causes the breakdown of the primidine nucleotides, but it increases the acidity, peroxide, and thiobarbituric acid because the radiation causes degradation due to its photocatalytic activity. Phenolic compounds andantioxidant activity is reduced. In the coating samples, especially gum and mint extract coating, the levels of microbial, acidity, peroxide, and tiobarbituric acid were reduced (p <0.05) due to the presence of antioxidant capacity. the sensory evaluation results indicated that there was no significant difference in terms of smell, tast and overall acceptancebetween thesamples. Conclusion: Using Persian gum coating with mint extract, the increases antimicrobial power and also reduces the negative effect of UV on fat oxidation.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

175 - Incresing Shelf Life of of Penaeus semisulcatus in NanoSilver Coatings Based on Titanium Dioxide
H. Ahari Z. Amanolah nejad M.A. Magharehei S. Paidari

Introduction: Shrimp is one the most famous food with high nutritional value. Shrimp is undoubtedly one of the best-known sea foods and determination of appropriate methods for its packaging increases the shelf life of products and reduces the microbial load in all food More

Introduction: Shrimp is one the most famous food with high nutritional value. Shrimp is undoubtedly one of the best-known sea foods and determination of appropriate methods for its packaging increases the shelf life of products and reduces the microbial load in all food processing plants. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study is to implement nano packaging to evaluate its antibacterial characteristics, shelf life determination as well as evolution of quality changes during shelf life. The current study evaluates the antibacterial features of produced nanopackaging containing 1000 to 6000 ppm of nanosilver during 0,3,7,10,14,21 and 25 days concerned will total count, E.coli and S.aureus, sensory analysis and determination of size and distribution of silver nano particles using SEM and FESEM. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the control and produced nanopackaging. Moreover, there were a significant difference between the antibacterial effects of nanopackagings on E.coli and S.aureus (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sensory analysis of the product revealed that there is no significant difference between sensorya and quality characterristics of nano-packed shrimps and control shrimps.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

176 - Evaluation of Anti-Fungal Activity of Boswellia Gum Coating and Its Effect on the Shelf Life of Fresh Hazelnut
M. Smaeil Nasrabadi S. Golghin E. Azadfar H. Nori Topkanlo

Introduction: Hazelnuts are rich in fat, protein, minerals and vitamins. If the conditions are unfavorable during storage, mold and aflatoxin production, moisture absorption and oxidative reactions will reduce the quality of the product. The aim of this study was to inv More

Introduction: Hazelnuts are rich in fat, protein, minerals and vitamins. If the conditions are unfavorable during storage, mold and aflatoxin production, moisture absorption and oxidative reactions will reduce the quality of the product. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hazelnut kernel coating with Boswellia gum on reducing these reactions. Materials and Methods: Boswellia gum was used in different concentrations of zero, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% to cover hazelnut kernels. Hazelnuts kernels were submerged in the prepared coating solutions for 30 seconds and then dried. The effect of oral coating of Boswellia gum on moisture absorption, oil oxidation and fungal growth of samples was studied during five months of storage. Results: The results showed that Boswellia gum significantly (p <0.05) reduced moisture absorption, fungi growth and percentage of Aspergillus mold development as compared to the control sample during storage. The gum also Boswellia significantly reduced peroxide and thiobarbituric acid indices compared to the control sample during storage. Conclusion: The results indicated that for Boswellia edible gum might be employed as a natural preservative hazelnut coating. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

177 - investigation of land cover changes using remote sensing technique (Case study: Katalan unit)
Maryam Nazemi jalal Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Elham Forootan

10.30495/jest.2024.74410.5882

Background and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cove More

Background and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cover map for investigating land use changes during 12 years in this area. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, satellite images such as Landsat ETM 2001 and OLI 2013 were used after performing necessary corrections whereas; GPS and topographic maps were implemented for surveying fields and gathering trained samples. Land cover maps were provided using supervised classification method with maximum likelihood algorithm. Findings: The results of this study revealed that the study area comprises six classes viz. irrigated farm land, rainfed farm land, bare land, rock stone, range land and mine class. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient for 2013 map were estimated 86.11% and 0.82, respectively and theses values for 2001 land use map were 78.26%, and 0.71, respectively. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this research revealed that the class of farm land, bare land and range land were increased 1.84%, 1.29%, and 1.21%from 2001 to 2013, and the class of rock stone and rainfed farmland were decreased 5.09%, and 0 .62%, respectively. Also, there was not mine class in 2001 but this class was 1.36% equivalent to 49.3939 hectare of the whole area in 2013. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

178 - The Use of Remote Sensing and Detecting Changes in the Evaluation of Vegetation (Case Study: Maleh Galle (Mleh Galle) Protected Area)
Gholam Reza Sabzghabaei Mohammad Javad Ehsandoost Seyedeh Soolmaz Dashti Atefeh Mir Fariba Hedayatzadeh

10.22034/jest.2021.20134.2917

Background and Objective: Remote sensing techniques due to their specific features in providing rapid and inexpensive basic information is very important. Remote sensing is used these days in the important issues like making maps of the regions and the right decision ma More

Background and Objective: Remote sensing techniques due to their specific features in providing rapid and inexpensive basic information is very important. Remote sensing is used these days in the important issues like making maps of the regions and the right decision making. The aim of this study was to changes detection in vegetation of Maleh Galle protected area. Material and Methodology: In this study, satellite images of Landsat 7 ETM+, 2000 and 2010 were used and the vegetation changes using TerrSet software were considered regardless of the gardens and agricultural lands of the of, Maleh Galle protected area. In this study, after the preparation of Landsat ETM+ images for years 2000 and 2010 and necessary geometric corrections on them, for extract the parameters of vegetation cover, the original map was derived from processing images. Then, taking into account the classified land use map and map of NDVI index and keeping in mind the maximum likelihood parameter, ground truth map was prepared for the two years 2000 and 2010. Finally with two images difference method, the rate and the changes relation to each other investigated.     Findings: The quantity changes between the years of 2000 and 2010 were examined and it was found that within 10 years, the level of protective vegetation cover has been increased from 5278/5 hectares to 2521/25 hectares. With the Difference method between final maps, it was found that the density of vegetation area has been reduced to 181/17 hectares. 3417/48 hectares of Vegetation area remained unchanged and 21739/59 hectares of vegetation area has been grown. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that satellite images equipped with Landsat ETM+ has sufficient capabilities to extract vegetation cover, particularly vegetation of forest areas. In this nearly ten-year period, when the area was included in the list of protected areas in Iran, by 2010, the protected vegetation of region has been increased.                          Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

179 - Land cover changes Assessment in Malayer using landscape metrics
Mohammad Javad Amiri Afsaneh Asgaripor Mahmoud Zoghi

10.22034/jest.2018.17107.2571

Background and Objective: Due to the negative effects caused by the inappropriate use of land and land use changes, it is necessary to be aware about the variability process in the environmental impacts assessment witch arising from different developments to have the be More

Background and Objective: Due to the negative effects caused by the inappropriate use of land and land use changes, it is necessary to be aware about the variability process in the environmental impacts assessment witch arising from different developments to have the best planning and sustainable management of land. This study was conducted to check the effects of landscape changes in the city of Malayer. Malayer city due to various factors such as population growth, modernization of suburban neighborhoods and etc. is experiencing changes in land cover but among them the most effective factor is policies managers. Method: For achieving the studies objectives first step was mapping land cover change analysis, Landsat satellite images were used in the period between 2000 and 2014 and metrics were: class area (CA), number of patches (NP), patch density (PD), largest patch index (LPI) and landscape shape index (LSI). Findings: Findings like landscape metrics analysis shows wide replacement of open lands in the area with green and built lands. This means that from 2000 to 2014 green space is nearly doubled and open land also have decreased about 50%.  Also the increase of number of patches was more than double that shows the microlithic landscape in the region. Discussion and Conclusion: The final results show that the changes of green lands are promising and improving and behind of this improvement there is nothing except management focus on green space which should continue in the future for sustainable development.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

180 - Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Sodium Brohydrate by Chemical Revival Method to Produce Biodegradable Antibacterial Silver Nanocomposite by Solution Blending Production of biodegradable antibacterial silver nanocomposites
Zahra Ta'ati jafroudi hamed ahari nekisa sohrabi haghdost

10.22034/jest.2021.50778.4994

Background and Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and producing silver nanocomposites with suitable and biodegradable antibacterial properties by Solution Blending metho More

Background and Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and producing silver nanocomposites with suitable and biodegradable antibacterial properties by Solution Blending method. Method: To investigate the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles were first synthesized by NaBH4 reduciton and after performing UV-VIS, DLS, XRD and TEM and FT-IR  tests, Staphylococcus aureus as a Gram-positive, Escherichia coli as  a Gram-negative bacteri was used, investigated by MIC, MBC and Inhibition Zone. In the next step, the nanocomposite was prepared and prepared by Solution Blending method and its antibacterial activity was evaluated by Inhibition Zone method. Findings: The results showed that silver nanoparticles had inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans at concentrations of 50, 20 and 355 μg / ml respectively and also at concentrations of MIC. 60, 40 and 370, respectively, have the lethal effect on the aforementioned microorganisms (MFC, MBC). A diameter of 3-5 mm was observed around the silver nanoparticles in the cultures of the mentioned microorganisms and in the test of nanocomposite Inhibiion zone, the halo was created based on expected values.the results of the experiments were calculated with 3 replications and the amount of PValue was significant (P<0/0001)by ANOVA method.we used also 3 antibiotic as control for Inhibition zone test. Discussion and Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles showed good inhibitory and lethal effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Also, the nanocomposites produced by the mentioned method have high antibacterial and viscolastic properties. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

181 - Investigating the transmission potential of land use and land cover using Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning, Logistic regression and Geomod methods (Case study: Bastam basin, Selseleh city)
soheila naseri rad Hamed Naghavi Javad Soosani seyed ahmadreza nouredini sasan vafaei

10.22034/jest.2019.44248.4663

Background and Objective: Assessing and estimating the high-accuracy transmission potential is an important step in the process of land use and land cover changes modeling and predicting. The aim of this study is to investigate the transmission potential of land use and More

Background and Objective: Assessing and estimating the high-accuracy transmission potential is an important step in the process of land use and land cover changes modeling and predicting. The aim of this study is to investigate the transmission potential of land use and land cover changes using Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning, Logistic regression and Geomod methods. Method: The land use and land cover maps for a 30-year period (1985-2015) were prepared using Landsat 5 and 8 satellite imagery. Land use and land cover transmission potential modeling was done using Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning, Logistic regression and Geomod methods and effective variables in the process of change. The accuracy of the results obtained from the models was determined by comparing with ground reality map for mentioned year. Findings: The Kappa coefficient of Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning, Logistic regression and Geomod were 0.84, 0.76 and 0.67, respectively. The investigating predicted maps for 2030 prepared by Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning and Markov chain showed that the area of residential areas, gardens and agricultural lands is increasing and the area of bare land, forests, pastures and water resources will have a decrease trend. Discussion and Conclusion: Finally, the results indicate a relatively high accuracy of three methods in estimating the transmission potential for land use and land cover changes, but according to the kappa coefficients, the accuracy of Similarity Weighted Instance based Learning method more than the other two methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

182 - Investigation of vegetation biodiversity changes in relation to different ecotourism pressure zones (Case Study: Khojir National Park)
Atlas Jirdashtani Mahdi Ramezani Sara Nahibi Nematollah Khorasani

10.30495/jest.2022.59261.5316

Background and Objective: Nowadays, ecotourism is very important for managing economic growth as well as preserving the environment and biodiversity in many countries. Ecotourism is one of the most comprehensive aspects of tourism that has a high impact on biodiversity. More

Background and Objective: Nowadays, ecotourism is very important for managing economic growth as well as preserving the environment and biodiversity in many countries. Ecotourism is one of the most comprehensive aspects of tourism that has a high impact on biodiversity. Evaluation of biodiversity as an indicator is essential for better conservation of vegetation and species diversity. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of ecotourism on species diversity of Khojir National Park. Material and Methodology: We selected a low-ecotourism pressure zone (100 to 150 m distance from the road) and a medium-ecotourism pressure zone (50 to 100 meters from the road). All plant species were recorded at 36 random plots (1 × 1 m, 1 m2). Biodiversity indicates determine by using PAST and Ecological Methodology software.Findings: According to the results, there was a significant negative relation between statements of questionnaire and age. Relation between willing to certificated products and educational levels was positive significantly. There was not a significant relation between income levels and their wellness to these products.Discussion and Conclusions: knowledge and willing to participate in forest management via certificated forest products purchasing are affected by social other than economic factors.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

183 - Comparison of Plant Species Diversity and Evenness in Different Grazing Levels Southeastern Slopes of Sabalan
Robab Bagherian Kiomars Sefidi Farshad Keivan Behjou Ali Ashraf Soltani Behzad Behtari

10.22034/jest.2018.23103.3224

Background and Objective: Assess the diversity of the understanding of ecosystem function; maintain genetic resources, checking environmental changes, and success or failure will help natural resource management programs. Over-grazing and uncontrolled usage of rangeland More

Background and Objective: Assess the diversity of the understanding of ecosystem function; maintain genetic resources, checking environmental changes, and success or failure will help natural resource management programs. Over-grazing and uncontrolled usage of rangelands are the most common and the most important factor of rangeland degradation which causes a reduction in species diversity. Method: In order to investigate the effect of different grazing intensities on species diversity and uniformity in the rangelands of the southeastern slopes of Sabalan, three habitats with different grazing managements including light, medium and severe grazing were selected and one square meter plots along three 200-meter transects were sampled. In each plot, the list of available species, canopy percentage and number of individuals of each plot were recorded. Simpson, Shannon and Brillon diversity indices and Camargo, Simpson and Smith-Wilson uniformity indices were calculated. Findings: The results showed that the area with medium to light grazing intensity has the highest diversity and uniformity compared to the area with heavy grazing intensity which indicates favorable conditions for the establishment of several species. Discussion and Conclusions: Due to the significant effect of grazing intensity on diversity and richness indices, it is necessary for rangeland managers to control grazing intensity through management methods to maintain the diversity of rangeland ecosystems. Therefore, it is enough to target the management based on moderate grazing and bring the areas with intense grazing to the conditions of moderate grazing so that the good and tasty species gradually replace the woody and poor species. Desirable species and plant species and woody species are poor. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

184 - Zoning of Drought by Integrating Satellite Imagery and Ground–Based Climate Data (Case study: Malayer Plain)
Ahmad Asadi Meyabadi Davoud Akhzari Hamid Nouri

10.30495/jest.2021.48591.4872

Background and Objective: One of the most important consequences of drought is reducing the amount of vegetation. Reducing vegetation and environmental conditions lead various problems such as soil erosion, increased runoff levels and flood risk. Accordingly, evaluation More

Background and Objective: One of the most important consequences of drought is reducing the amount of vegetation. Reducing vegetation and environmental conditions lead various problems such as soil erosion, increased runoff levels and flood risk. Accordingly, evaluation of the effects of drought on vegetation has a great importance. The purpose of this study is to use the Drought Effect Index (IDI), remotely sensed data and terrestrial data in the study area.Method: The IDI index indicates the long-term effects of climate conditions in the study area on the vegetation cover in area. In this study, the IDI index combines data of the meteorological stations of Malayer Plain to prepare rainfall and temperature maps (information from 5 synoptic stations inside and outside of study area with a 19-years scale) and a series of Landsat TM satellites and ETM + were calculated for the NDVI vegetation mapping (including 6 images in May and 2000, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2013 and 2015). The zonation map was prepared based on this information. This investigation has been done in May 2019.Findings: The results showed that there is a meaningful correlation between aggregate data (IDI) and SPI index, indicates the efficiency of combined data. Results of Pearson correlation showed that there is a significant correlation between the mean SPI and IDI of 0.963 at a significant level of P<0.01.Discussion and Conclusions: So far, land and satellite data have been widely used for the study of droughts, but the index derived from the integration of these data has received little attention from researchers, so the aim and innovation of this research is to make it possible to use drought impact index (IDI). Combine terrestrial and satellite data in the study area.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

185 - Modeling biomass of coppice Persian oak forests using metrics extracted from aerial laser scanner (LiDAR) data
Farzad Yavari Hormoz Sohrabi

10.30495/jest.2022.35674.4254

Background and Objective: One of the most important active remotely sensed data for quantification of different attributes of forest stands is LiDAR data. A research hotspot in this subject is to estimate forest biomass using different LiDAR derived metrics. Mater More

Background and Objective: One of the most important active remotely sensed data for quantification of different attributes of forest stands is LiDAR data. A research hotspot in this subject is to estimate forest biomass using different LiDAR derived metrics. Material and Methodology: Forest biomass was measured in 127 systematically designed 900-meter square rectangular plots in two different sites (dense and sparse sites). LiDAR data was inspected for any possible error. DTM, DSM, and CHM were extracted from LiDAR data and different metrics at plot level were calculated. For modeling, stepwise regression was applied.  Findings: Result showed a moderate precision for biomass estimation using LiDAR data in a way that the coefficient of determination and root mean square error (Ton/ha) for biomass estimation of leaves, twigs, branches, bole, and whole tree were 0.58-28, 0.54-23, 0.68-1.35, 0.68-1.53, .65-3.69, respectively.  Discussion and Conclusion: Due to high error of determination of tree tips in broadleaves forests especially in coppice stands which have low tree height with irregular shapes; the error of the estimation of tree height using LiDar data is high. Better results demand further researches.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

186 - Effects of Physiographic Factors on Density, Canopy Cover and Production Medicinal Species Ferula Orientalis (Case Study: Shohada Valley of Urmia)
Masoomeh Abbasi Khalaki Ardavan Ghorbani Sahar Samadi Khanghah Rahman Rahimdokht

10.22034/jest.2020.23843.3293

Background and Objective: Plants are the major component of natural ecosystems including the rangelands which extend all they largely controlled by environmental factors and ecological, climate, soil, topography and biological properties are effective on their presence More

Background and Objective: Plants are the major component of natural ecosystems including the rangelands which extend all they largely controlled by environmental factors and ecological, climate, soil, topography and biological properties are effective on their presence and traits. This study was performed in the Shohada valley of Urmia in order to evaluate the effect of physiographic factors on density, canopy cover and production of Ferula Orientalis. Methods: According to the current situation in the region, three height floors, three direction floors and seven slope floors were selected. Also, 8 sites were identified in the study area. In each site, 3 transects with a length of 100 meters were systematically-randomly plotted along each transect and 5 parameters were recorded. Analysis of variance was used to investigate the differences between the studied parameters and physiographic factors and Duncan's multiple range tests was used to compare the mean of the traits. Findings: Most density of studied species was observed in the 1700-2300 meters height class with 7,500 individuals per hectare. Also, the highest level of the species extends belong to slope of more than 70 percent with an area of 97 ha. The highest level of the aspect is related to East with 3/148 ha. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be said that the elevation, slope and aspect significantly have been effective on density, canopy cover and production of Ferula Orientalis. Generally the results showed that the highest density, canopy cover and production belonged to 1700-2300 meters altitude and on the slope above 70% and in the east aspect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

187 - The Effects of Tree Species on Soil Organic Carbon and Soil Properties in Natural Forest and Plantations of Northern Iran (Case study: Darabkola Forest-Sari)
azam soleimani Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Ali Reza Massah Bavani Mostafa Jafari Rosa Francaviglia

10.22034/jest.2018.29007.3763

Background and Objective: One of the things that keep us away from sustainable development is the increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and consequently the rise in global temperature. Forest ecosystems and their optimal management play an important role in reducing atm More

Background and Objective: One of the things that keep us away from sustainable development is the increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and consequently the rise in global temperature. Forest ecosystems and their optimal management play an important role in reducing atmospheric carbon. Method: In this study, the effects of natural forests and four plantations on the soil organic carbon and soil properties in Darab Kola forest were investigated. Soil samples were collected in 2016 from three depths of 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. Findings: The results of analysis of variance of soil properties showed that there is a significant difference between the land covers and different depths in most of the studied parameters. Also, soil organic carbon storage at 0-60 cm depth from each of the coatings is reduced as follows: cypress> Alder> Natural forest> Oak> Maple. Discussionand Conclusion: Plantation can play an important role in absorbing carbon dioxide. Of course, different factors such as type of tree species, forestry age and depth of soil, habitat conditions and forestry operations can affect carbon sequestration. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

188 - Optimization of Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Orange Production Using Data Envelopment Analysis and Genetic Algorithms (Case Study: Dezful Province)
fatemeh sabzalipour hossein bagherpour

10.30495/jest.2019.33669.4154

Background and Objective: Saving on inputs, preservation of fossil fuels and decreasing air pollution are the advantages to using energy efficiently.  The purpose of this study was to optimize energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions of o More

Background and Objective: Saving on inputs, preservation of fossil fuels and decreasing air pollution are the advantages to using energy efficiently.  The purpose of this study was to optimize energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions of orange product in Dezful County, with two methods of data envelopment analysis and multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization techniques.Material and Methodology:  Data from 60 farmers were randomly collected through face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire during the year 2016 and using two methods of data envelopment analysis and multi-objective genetic algorithm were analyzed.Findings: Regarding the results of data envelopment analysis technique based on fixed and variable return scale models and input-axis measurement, technical efficiency, net technical efficiency and scale efficiency were calculated to be 0.95, 0.98 and 97%. The results of optimization of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by using data envelopment analysis showed that about 4.36% of orange energy has storage potential, that chemical fertilizers and diesel fuel have the highest amount of stored energy of all stored energy. Data envelopment analysis can reduce 34.38 kg of carbon dioxide per hectare from greenhouse gas emissions in orange crops. The results of the genetic algorithm showed that if all inputs were completely optimized, it could reduce the energy consumption of orange production in the study area by 26.1%. Also, the energy input for ideal orange production system could be 32810.6 MJ per ha.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is recommended to use of new machines and encourage farmers to conduct soil tests before using of fertilizer. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

189 - Monitoring of Land Cover Changes Using Remote Sensing Technique and GIS (Case study: Khojin watershed, Khalkhal)
Mahsa Safaripour Dariush Naseri

10.22034/jest.2020.22762.3182

Background and Objective: Study of resources changes and destruction in previous can be useful in the planning and optimal use of resources to control inappropriate changes. Because of land use changes occur on large-scale, remote sensing techniques is a useful and valu More

Background and Objective: Study of resources changes and destruction in previous can be useful in the planning and optimal use of resources to control inappropriate changes. Because of land use changes occur on large-scale, remote sensing techniques is a useful and valuable tool for monitoring the changes. The aim of this research is to monitoring of land cover changes in Khojin watershed located in the south of Ardabil province using remote sensing technique. Method: First TM, ETM+ and OLI images for the year 1986, 2001 and 2016 were collected respectively and after geometric and elevation corrections, images were classified using maximum likelihood classification method. To increase classification accuracy, NDVI, elevation and slope percent layers were used. Kappa and overall accuracy indexes were used to calculate classified images accuracy. Findings: Based on results, in the first period (1986-2001) 22.36%, in the second period (2001-2016) 20.73% and in the third period (1986-2016) 28.08% of area has changed and in all 3 periods, changing from rangeland to dry farming reached the most change. Discoution and Conclusion: Results showed despite high capability of Landsat images in mapping land use, using additional layers like NDVI, elevation and slope percent can improve classification accuracy of classified images.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

190 - Environmental Efficiency and Its Relationship with Income in Islamic Countries (D8)
Mahsa Evaz Sahra Saman Ziaee Mahmood Ahmadpour Borazjani Alireza Sargazi

10.22034/jest.2018.22666.3174

Background and Objective: Economic growth is the main goal of many economic policies of governments. However, rapid economic growth often causes serious damage to the environment (due to the increasing use of natural resources). Hence, there is a potential contradiction More

Background and Objective: Economic growth is the main goal of many economic policies of governments. However, rapid economic growth often causes serious damage to the environment (due to the increasing use of natural resources). Hence, there is a potential contradiction between economic growth policies and the state of the environment, so gradually the issue of conflict between economic growth and environmental quality became one of the topics of discussion in the field of environmental economics. Method: In the field of environmental economics in this study, using data envelopment analysis method (DEA) the environmental efficiency was calculated for developing Islamic countries (D8) during the period of 1980-2014. Then, using the panel data method, the relationship between environmental efficiency and per capita income was investigated. Information about these countries was collected from various economic sites such as the Data world bank, Economy watch and ….  Findings: The results show that the average of environmental efficiency of the D8 countries increased at a rate of 1.02. This increases the efficiency of technology to increase efficiency at the rate of 1.021 and 0.998 of technical efficiency. Technical efficiency is because of the increase in management efficiency (1) and scale efficiency (0.998).  Discussion and Conclusion The growth of environmental efficiency in Iran is 1.016, which is in the fifth place after Malaysia (1.053), Indonesia (1.042), Nigeria (1.036) and Turkey (1.025). According to the results, there is a direct relationship between per capita income and environmental pollution, so Kuznets law is not established in these countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

191 - Investigation of Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Parishan Land-Cover Using Decision Tree Model and Satellite Imagery
golafarin zare Bahram Malek mohammadi Hamidreza Jafari Ahmad Reza Yavari Ahmad Nohegar

Background and Objective: Wetlands, as one of the most important types of ecosystems in the world, are extremely threatened. In addition to being part of Iran's protected areas, the Parishan wetland is also known as an international wetland and biosphere reserve. Unders More

Background and Objective: Wetlands, as one of the most important types of ecosystems in the world, are extremely threatened. In addition to being part of Iran's protected areas, the Parishan wetland is also known as an international wetland and biosphere reserve. Understanding the process of changing in this wetland, can be very helpful in improving its future status. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to monitor the changes in the over a 30-year period. Material and Methodology: For the purpose of the research, Landsat satellite images were prepared for four time periods of 1987, 1998, 2007 and 2016 along with other required data. By performing the required preprocessing in ENVI 4.7 software, Parishan wetland land-cover maps was extracted using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Normalized Difference Water Index combining with Decision Tree method in three class including water-body, vegetation and others land-cover. Findings: The results showed that after 30 years only 13 hectares of 1963 hectares of Parishan wetland water-body remained. Monitoring of changes shows that Parishan wetland water-body has decreased by 1950 hectare in comparison to 1987, 3605 hectare in comparison to 1998 and 2272 hectare in comparison to 2007. Discussion and Conclusion: using satellite data and remote sensing techniques along with Decision Tree classification model indicate the capability of this method for identifying and classifying land-cover in wetland areas where vegetation and water are intertwined. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

192 - Estimation of Forest Above Ground Biomass in Hyrcanian Forests Using Satellite Imagery
mohadeseh ghanbari motlagh sasan Babaie Kafaky Asadollah Mattaji reza akhavan

10.22034/jest.2020.36440.4305

Background and Objective: The importance of the northern forests of Iran as one of the most important and largest carbon reserves and its role in atmospheric carbon sequestration in our country is evident. The study of the above ground biomass of these forests is consid More

Background and Objective: The importance of the northern forests of Iran as one of the most important and largest carbon reserves and its role in atmospheric carbon sequestration in our country is evident. The study of the above ground biomass of these forests is considered as a necessity. In recent years, many studies have been carried out using remote sensing technology and various indices for forest above ground biomass estimations. The purpose of this study is estimating Hyrcanian forests above ground biomass in northern Iran using satellite data (SPOT 6). Method: In this research, above ground biomass of these forests using SPOT satellite images and regression models in three selected regions in the Northern provinces (Asalem, Sardaraboud and Kordkuy) and in 2 altitudes were investigated. After calculating the average above ground biomass per hectare using field plots, three vegetation indices NDVI, RVI and TVI were used to estimate biomass based on satellite imagery. Findings: The results showed that the relationship between above ground biomass values and vegetation indices was linear and the NDVI has the highest level of significance in all parcels and has the highest correlation coefficient with above ground biomass. Therefore, regression relations with NDVI were used in order to map the above ground biomass. Discussion and Conclusion:  Based on the results of this study, the above ground biomass values between the three main study areas and in the elevation classes between the high lands and the middle land have a relatively large difference. The highest biomass in the Asalem region and the high lands has been observed.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

193 - Evaluating the Effects of Run off on Khadijeh Khatoun Basin Using MPSIAC Model
Hamidreza Pazouki Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein Babazadeh

10.30495/jest.2019.42260.4819

Background and Objective: Unfortunately, in recent decade, due to land use change and vegetation cover degradation, most of the rainfall changed into run off and causes abundant loss of life and property by creating enormous floods. The purpose of this evaluation was to More

Background and Objective: Unfortunately, in recent decade, due to land use change and vegetation cover degradation, most of the rainfall changed into run off and causes abundant loss of life and property by creating enormous floods. The purpose of this evaluation was to study the run off impacts on the erosion of the catchment area using the MPSIAC model.Method: For this purpose, the basic information and maps of the Khadijeh Khatoon basin in 2018 such as topographic and geology maps were collected. Then the calculation steps of nine model factors including surface geology or metrology, soil, climate, run off, topography, land cover, land use, current erosion and river erosion, and erosion and Sediment is estimated. Finally, the relationship between runoff and erosion of the basin was determined and the model of erosion and sediment estimation from runoff was determined.Findings: The results of this study showed that the amount of soil erosion is equal to 5806.97 tons per year and is 3.58 tons per hectare per year. If the value of one ton of agricultural land is equal to 50 US dollars and if the condition of erosion is available, the value of 5806.97 tons per year is equal to 290348.5 US dollars, which is equal to 11613.9 million Rials. The MPSIAC's seventh and eighth factor basins are the most effective factors.Discussion and Conclusion: This conclusion suggests that pastures around Khadijeh Khatoun are not well-conditioned due to over-capacity utilization, and the whole of the region's pastures due to climatic conditions. Also, the results showed that the runoff factor had a linear correlation of 0.98 with erosion, which indicates that the higher the runoff, the increase in the amount of erosion and deposition.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

194 - An Investigation into the Role of Urban Green Space Vegetation on the Temperature Changes Trend of the Urban Environments Area (Case Study: Sari City)
komeil abdi saeid kamyabi mohammadreza zandmoghadam

10.30495/jest.2021.38883.4423

Background and Objective: One of the new methods to calculate the urban heat island and the role of different usages are the science of remote-sensing and satellite images, which are performed using thermal infrared radiation and applying the physical models to calculat More

Background and Objective: One of the new methods to calculate the urban heat island and the role of different usages are the science of remote-sensing and satellite images, which are performed using thermal infrared radiation and applying the physical models to calculate the earth’s surface temperature in large areas. Therefore, we involved in a study in this field in the present research aiming at investigating the heat islands and at comparing the thermal degree and the percentage of green space existing in four areas of Sari city.Method: Radians calculation, reflection coefficient, and images’ radiance temperature in ENVI environment and GIS software processing and analysis were used in order to obtain the heat islands of the city. The used data included the satellite images of TIRS, OLI, and Landsat Sensor 7 and 8 in three time intervals of 2009, 2013, and 2017.Findings: The results of satellite images processing have shown that 45 hectares of urban green vegetation has incurred usage change within 8 years. Also, the earth surface temperature during the statistical period in the minimum and maximum positions during the years 2009 to 2017 has had an increasing trend based on the calculation and this rise in temperature was seen less in areas of the city with more green space.Discussion and Conclusion: the results show that the city’s central region, which is less suitable in terms of vegetation and dispersion of green space in comparison with other regions of the city, is warmer. A proper locating to establish urban green spaces in these areas in the coming years can play a moderating role in the city’s surface temperature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

195 - Estimation of Forest Canopy Using Remote Sensing and Geostatistics (Case Study: Marivan Baghan Forests)
Sasan Vafaei Rahim Maleknia Hamed Naghavi Omid Fathizadeh

10.30495/jest.2018.20376.2940

Background and Objective: Updated information in quantitative and qualitative properties of forests are useful in describing ecosystem sustainability, and designing management and conservative plans. According to importance of canopy cover parameter in the Zagros region More

Background and Objective: Updated information in quantitative and qualitative properties of forests are useful in describing ecosystem sustainability, and designing management and conservative plans. According to importance of canopy cover parameter in the Zagros region and cost and time consuming processes of field measurement methods, in this study performance of remote sensing and geostatistics techniques to estimate forest canopy cover of Baghan region, Marivan city, were investigated.Material and Methodology:  First, the number of 89 plots (each 0.1 Hectare) were selected based on random sampling method. In each plot, information of tree crown and center geographic coordinates of that plot were recorded. Remote sensing method was carried out using Landsat satellite images (TM) and multiple linear regression model. After image processing, spectral values of the corresponding field plots were extracted from the original images and synthetic bands composed of vegetation indices and principle component analysis. In geostatistic method, the estimation was performed using ordinary kriging from a fitted exponential model to the semivariogram.Findings: The calculated variograms of canopy cover showed relatively strong spatial autocorrelation fitted by exponential models and cross-validation results showed an unbiased estimation of canopy estimation. Compared with the remote sensing method (with R2= 0/52 and RMSE= 16/47), the results indicated that Kriging model (RMSE= 9.21, R2= 0.69) showed a more accurate estimation of forest canopy cover.Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that geostatistics techniques can be used as an efficient tool for mapping the forest canopy in the same regions (Zagros Forest). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

196 - Investigation and Preparation of Desertification Map Based on Iranian Model of Desertification Potential (IMDPA) with an emphasis on two criteria of soil and vegetation (Case study: Faryab-Kerman Province)
Ehsan Kamali Maskooni Mohammad Amin Kamali Ali Khanamani

10.22034/jest.2021.30618.3917

Background and Objective: According to the concept of desertification, which is land degradation in dry areas, the semi-arid, and dry sub-humid due to many factors such as climate change and human activities, this phenomenon has long been known as a serious problem in t More

Background and Objective: According to the concept of desertification, which is land degradation in dry areas, the semi-arid, and dry sub-humid due to many factors such as climate change and human activities, this phenomenon has long been known as a serious problem in terms of economic, social, and environmental in many countries. The purpose of this study was to study the desertification of Faryab city in southern Kerman province using Iranian IMDPA method. Method:The aim of this study was assessed desertification potential of Faryab region in the arid region of south of Kerman province by using the Iranian model of desertification potential assessment (IMDPA) on soil and vegetation cover indicators.Each criterion was assessed based on the selected indices which result in qualitative mapping of each criterion cased on geometric average of the indices. Thematic databases, with a scale of 1:50000 were integrated and elaborated in Arc GIS 9.3. By laminate of thematic databases layers and using this formula DM=(VQI×SQI)1/2 to Calculate the geometric mean Criteria. Then Desertification intensity map was obtained with analysis IMDPA Model. Findings: Results indicated that 14.53% of study area classified as low class, 33.69% is classified as moderate class and 51.78% of area classified as a severe class of desertification. Analysis of desertification criteria in Faryab region showed that among study criteria, regeneration of vegetation of vegetation cover is a major problem with a geometric average of 3.82. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this research, which indicates the importance of vegetation in desertification, it is suggested that a deeper investigation of the appropriate methods of remediation and improvement of the rangelands of the region be undertaken by the Natural Resources Department. In the case of lack of attention from the authorities, about 50% of other (medium and low desertification classes) will be subject to severe destruction, which will lead to damage to other elements of the ecosystem, including wildlife, and so on.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

197 - Monitoring of Thirty Years of Land Cover Changes using Remote Sensing and GIS (Case study: Qaresu watershed, Ardabil)
Fereshteh Namdar Shahla Mahmoudi Abazar Esmali Ouri Ebrahim Pazira

10.22034/jest.2020.45905.4755

Background and Objective: Studying the extent of change and destruction in resources in previous can contribute to efficient planning and utilization of these resources and limiting similar adverse changes in the future. Since changes in resources occur over large expan More

Background and Objective: Studying the extent of change and destruction in resources in previous can contribute to efficient planning and utilization of these resources and limiting similar adverse changes in the future. Since changes in resources occur over large expanses of land, remote sensing technology can serve as a essential and valuable tool for monitoring these changes. The purpose of this study was to monitor the land cover changes in Qaresu watershed in Ardabil province using the remote sensing technique. Methods: In this study land cover changes was consulted in 30 years from 1985 to 2015. Landsat images of the study area pertaining to July 1985, 2000 and 2015 were acquired. After geometric and elevation corrections, the images were classified by the supervised approach using the maximum likelihood method. The NDVI index, DEM, and slope layers were used to enhance the image classification accuracy. Classification accuracy was assessed with Kappa index and overall accuracy indexes. Findings: The results showed 20.43% change in the watershed’s land uses over the period from 1985 to 2000, 41.426% over the period from 2000 to 2015, and 27.99% over the period from 1985 to 2015. In all three periods, the greatest changes were in dry farming. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed despite high capability of Landsat images in mapping land use, using additional layers like NDVI, elevation and slope percent can improve separation accuracy of land using.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

198 - Evaluating the Effect of Cost of Environmental Pollution on Efficiency (Case study: China's economic zones)
fatemeh Mehregan Soheyla Seyedboyer

10.22034/jest.2019.29384.3870

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental impacts on the value of efficiency. Industries and companies making environmental pollution, bring costs to the community, which in the most cases are not taken into account for measuri More

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental impacts on the value of efficiency. Industries and companies making environmental pollution, bring costs to the community, which in the most cases are not taken into account for measuring efficiency. This study has attempted to find a proper model for evaluating efficiency using the two-stage data envelopment analysis, considering the costs of environmental pollution. Cost loss resulted from applying environmental constraints on undesirable outputs, are also discussed and calculated. Method: An analytical-descriptive method is utilized in this study. Two-stage data envelopment analysis has been used here to measure efficiency. At first, environmental constraints have been made up with respect to the problem and then added to the model. The proposed mathematical models are solved using the GAMS software and the values of efficiency are obtained. Findings: Results show that the model with environmental regulations has a lower efficiency value compared to the model without environmental regulation, indicating that applying environmental regulations on undesirable outputs, leads to losing some of desirable outputs and consequently some cost. The study involves 20 economic zones of China whose efficiency and cost loss are calculated. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that in Guizhou and Guangdong regions, the efficiency is the same in both cases, indicating that these areas are on the edge of efficiency. The cost loss in these areas is zero. However, in areas such as Shaanxi and Liaoning, the difference is greater, indicating that for a long period of time, the economic development of these areas has been dependent on constant consumption of resources, which has caused reduced environmental quality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

199 - Analysis of land use in the BEHBAHAN city approach landscape ecology
Mir Mehrdad Mirsanjari Fatemeh Mohammadyari

10.22034/jest.2021.25842.3476

Background and Objective: Land cover changes as a result of complicated interactions of structural and functional factors have extensive effects on the landscape. Therefore, studying the structure of the landscape based on the principles of ecology and landscape metrics More

Background and Objective: Land cover changes as a result of complicated interactions of structural and functional factors have extensive effects on the landscape. Therefore, studying the structure of the landscape based on the principles of ecology and landscape metrics as its components, is a suitable tool for mapping and quantifying the spatial characteristics of each user.Material and Methodology: In the preset study, following the preparation of land cover maps and extraction of measures at two levels of class and scale, the main components analysis (PCA) was used to select the appropriate measures in the analysis of landscape changes in Behbahan city between years 2002 and 2014.Findings: Class Area (CA), the number of patches (Np), the landscape image (LSI), edge density (ED), percentage landscape (PLAND) and Shannon Diversity Index (SHDI) were selected as the most appropriate measures. The results showed an increase in the area of residential areas (1551 ha), agricultural lands (8036 ha) and irrigated areas (287 ha) and sharp drop in pastures (4560 ha) and city forests (2081 ha).Discussion and Conclusion: By human manipulation, Landscape structure is fine-grained city.  and the number of pieces of man-made and natural half increased. Also, most of the changes were made due to the destruction of the grassland spots among man made crops, especially agricultural land consolidation.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

200 - Performance of Revised Gash Model for Estimating Rainfall Interception in a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation during the leafed and leafless periods
Sina Ziaye Shendershami Ameneh Mianabadi Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi

10.30495/jest.2022.60309.5368

Background and Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the revised Gash model in estimating interception by a Robinia pseudoacacia (L.) stand during the leafed and leafless periods in Chitgar Forest Park. Material and Methodology: A circular plot with an ar More

Background and Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the revised Gash model in estimating interception by a Robinia pseudoacacia (L.) stand during the leafed and leafless periods in Chitgar Forest Park. Material and Methodology: A circular plot with an area of 0.5 ha in Chitgar Forest Park was selected and rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow were measured for two years (from 22 December 2013 to 21 December 2015). Then, the amounts of canopy and trunks ecohydrological parameters were calculated, and finally, the efficiency of the revised Gash model for estimating interception was evaluated. Findings: In this study, the mean amount of rainfall interception in the leafed period (12.7%) was significantly higher than the leafless period (9.7%). The determination coefficient (R2) value between the estimated interception values and the measured in the leafless period was higher than in the leafed period. Based on all model evaluation metrics, the performance of the revised Gash model in estimating interception in the leafless period was better than in the leafed period. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the Revised Gash model showed good ability in estimating interception during the leafless period, and a probable reason for the high estimation error of the model in the leafed period is the lack of direct measurement of the canopy percentage parameter. Accurately determining the amount of interception, as a canopy water loss, contributes significantly to the planning and decision-making process of forest managers and water resources managers for selecting the appropriate species for plantations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

201 - The effect of different types of vegetation on thermal comfort in urban gorges in hot and dry climates
Tahereh koulivand Nazanin Nasrollahi

10.30495/jest.2023.60857.5389

Background and Objective: egetation is used in different forms in cities and in urban gorges and it helps to improve the temperature conditions of the environment by shading or evaporative cooling. Surveys conducted in the city of Isfahan show that grass, bushes and tre More

Background and Objective: egetation is used in different forms in cities and in urban gorges and it helps to improve the temperature conditions of the environment by shading or evaporative cooling. Surveys conducted in the city of Isfahan show that grass, bushes and trees are the three most frequent forms in the gorges of this metropolis. The purpose of this research is to choose the best form of vegetation cover in Isfahan urban gorges according to the H/W ratio and different orientations. Material and Methodology: Envi-met v4.1 software was used to check the effectiveness of vegetation in urban gorges. The conditions of urban gorges and frequent vegetation in the environment were determined by field investigation, then the best form of vegetation cover in the urban gorges of Isfahan was selected by computer simulation, and its density level and type were investigated in a number of urban gorges of Isfahan in the summer season. Finding: The results obtained from the simulations revealed that the tree shows the most appropriate performance among the 5 proposed models and the tree in the ratio of height to width of 1 in all four orientations causes the greatest decrease in temperature in the summer season and in the ratio of height to width of 3 The best thermal conditions have been created. Discussion & Conclusion:  The results of the research indicate that among the different scenarios, the tree pattern alone has a greater cooling effect than the combined patterns with grass and short bushes. This pattern is the best in all the ratio of height to width and orientation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

202 - The new hybrid SELKA method for evaluation, ranking and selection of green suppliers in the supply chain
Elham Shadkam Fatemeh Adineh

10.30495/jest.2022.55308.5161

Background and Objective: With the increasing number of environmental problems, it is very important to pay attention to environmental standards in the supply chain and has led to the creation of a green supply chain that causes the least damage to the environment. Eval More

Background and Objective: With the increasing number of environmental problems, it is very important to pay attention to environmental standards in the supply chain and has led to the creation of a green supply chain that causes the least damage to the environment. Evaluating, ranking and selecting a green supplier in the supply chain is important in order to reduce costs and achieve more profit and thus increase the efficiency and performance of the supply chain. The purpose of this article is to evaluate and select the best green suppliers of wind farm equipment using SELKA proposed approach and to prioritize suppliers according to economic and environmental criteria in the supply chain using this method. Material and Methodology: In this paper, a hybrid approach called SELKA method is presented, which is a combination of data envelopment analysis methods and hierarchical analysis process, and the crossover matrix of efficiency is used instead of the matrix of weights. Findings: The most important advantage of the proposed approach is to simultaneously consider the efficiency of suppliers and evaluate them according to the existing criteria, which is not considered in any of the decision-making methods, and thus leads to a more accurate and efficient evaluation of suppliers. Discussion and Conclusion: In order to validate SELKA's proposed method, the issue of evaluation and selection of green suppliers in wind power plants is discussed and the results are compared with similar methods. The results show the superiority of the proposed method of the article in the ranking of suppliers and selects more efficient suppliers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

203 - Survey of the effects of land cover changes on rangelands of Ghoorichay chatchment using remote sensing technique
Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Dariush Naseri Elham Forootan leila gheirati

10.22034/jest.2018.17887.2664

Background and Objective: In the present time, land use changes are being conducted without clear and logical programming or regarding the environmental effects of the changes. Because land use changes occur in a large scale, remote sensing technique is a useful and val More

Background and Objective: In the present time, land use changes are being conducted without clear and logical programming or regarding the environmental effects of the changes. Because land use changes occur in a large scale, remote sensing technique is a useful and valuable tool for monitoring the changes. The aim of this research is investigation of the effects of land cover changes on rangelands of Ghoorichay chatchment located in the north of Ardabil province using remote sensing technique.Material and Methodology: In this investigation, TM images for year 1987, ETM images for year 2001 and OLI-TIRS images for year 2015 were collected and analyzed. After image pre-processing enhancements and corrections, the images were classified using maximum likelihood supervised classification method. Then, considering study area features, the images were classified into four land cover classes: dry land, range land, bare land and village. Moreover, NDVI index and slope layer were used to increase classification accuracy. At last, land cover changes and their effects on the range lands were detected. Overall accuracies and kappa coefficient were evaluated.Findings: According to the results, during the studied period, 5885 hectare (49.7%) of study area had changed. The most land cover changes were related to range land with intensive decrease of 2540 hectares (21.4%) which was changed into bare land and dry land.Discussion and Conclusion: Additional information such as slope layer and NDVI index in assistant with supervised classification of satellite images can increase the accuracy of image classification to provide land cover maps. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

204 - Landscape Metrics as Tool for Investigating the Relationship between Landscape Patterns and Land Surface Temperature in suitable scale(Case Study: Tehran City
Fatemeh Effati Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Fatemeh SHafie Khorshidi Saeed Karimi

10.22034/jest.2021.44561.4677

Background and Objective: Tehran has experienced extensive population growth in the last decades, leading to a high rate of urban expansion. Land use/land cover (LULC) patterns have noticeably been changed to impervious surfaces that led to the changes in the thermal co More

Background and Objective: Tehran has experienced extensive population growth in the last decades, leading to a high rate of urban expansion. Land use/land cover (LULC) patterns have noticeably been changed to impervious surfaces that led to the changes in the thermal condition and forming heat islands in this city. So this study wants to evaluate the landscape and the Land surface temperature patterns via using the landscape metrics on a proper scale in Tehran. Material and Methodology:  In this study, a combination of remote sensing, GIS and landscape ecology approach is used to explain the relationship between land use/cover patterns and land surface temperature in Tehran's urban area. We used ETM + Landsat satellite images of February 28, 2013 to create a five class LULC map of the area through Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis and the maximum algorithm methods. Also, Land Surface Temperature map were prepared according to the available methods for thermal band of the sensor and were presented in four zones. Then, the relationship between LST and land use/cover was investigated using 7 landscape metrics (e.g MPS, PAFRAC, COHESION). Findings: We found that impervious surface has the highest percentage of class and mean patch size, cohesion and aggregation, and landscape metrics very well described the LST zone II with impervious surface dominance. Also, the results showed that the 30 m pixel size is good enough for assessing the spatial and ecological characteristics of LULC patterns and their relationships with LST in Tehran Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed the possibility of assessing the relationship between LST and LULC based on the landscape metrics. The findings can be useful for urban planners and environmental managers to decrease urban heat pollution during urban sprawl and development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

205 - 1
جلال عبداللهی محمدحسن رحیمیان کاظم دشتکیان مهدی شادان

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Open Access Article

206 - 1
تقی عبادی حمید خزاعی عباس سروش

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Open Access Article

207 - 3
عباس اسماعیلی ساری کرامت الله ایماندل شاروسین شاروسین

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Open Access Article

208 - Identification of Satellite Image Ability for Vegetation Cover Crown Percentage Mapping in Arid and Semi Arid Region (Case study: Mouteh wild life sanctuary)
Vahid Rahdari Alireza Soffianian Seyed Jamalaldin Khajaldin Saedeh Maleki Najfabdai

IntroductionRemote sensing provides the basic data to undertake inventory of land resources specially vegetationmapping.Material and MethodsIn this study for producing vegetation cover percentage map in Mouteh wild life sanctuary, IRS-P6,LISS III data was used for June More

IntroductionRemote sensing provides the basic data to undertake inventory of land resources specially vegetationmapping.Material and MethodsIn this study for producing vegetation cover percentage map in Mouteh wild life sanctuary, IRS-P6,LISS III data was used for June 2006. First geometric and atmospheric correction was done.Vegetation cover sampling was done with 290 plots in heterogeneous cover areas and Data werecollected from overall region. Vegetation Indices were produced using satellite image. Simple linearregression was done between plots information and vegetation indices and models were produced foreach index and vegetation maps were produced using each index model.ResultsResults showed that SAVI index had highest correlation with field sampling equal 0.78 and it wasused for vegetation cover percentage mapping. Using SAVI model vegetation cover was classified infour classes: 0-10%, 10-20%, 20-40% and 40%<.Disscusion And ConclusionsResults showed that 10%> and 10-20% crown cover were dominate in region. SAVI index with soilcoefficient reduced soil background reflectance effects. In this study NDVI, TSAVI1 and RVI hadhigh correlation (0.77, 0.78 and 0.76). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

209 - 6
رخشاد حجازی پریسا آبادی

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Open Access Article

210 - Land Use Planning and Water Resources Management; Resource Planning Instead of Activities Planning (Case Study: Caspian Bas
Amir Hedayati Aghmashhadi Hamidreza Jafari Naser Mehrdadi Hedayat Fahmi Parvin Farshchi Samaneh Zahedi

ction: Caspian basin is one of the six basins of the country due to the development of humanactivities over the past decades by land use plans because severe changes in land cover in this basin itcan cause undesirable effects on water resources in the basin.Material and More

ction: Caspian basin is one of the six basins of the country due to the development of humanactivities over the past decades by land use plans because severe changes in land cover in this basin itcan cause undesirable effects on water resources in the basin.Material and Methods: In this paper, to evaluate the effect of land use on water resources in the formof land-cover change, First, to assess the changes in land cover in the Caspian basin, And then thepressure on water resources scoring using FANP method then in the IDRISI software maps are madeand in the Arc GIS maps overlay. Finally, and by Excel software Regression and correlation betweenchanges in land cover and land use management of water resources in the Caspian basin will bedetermined.Results and Discussion: The results show that in the period between 2001 and 2012 Talesh sub-basinwith 28.91 % and Sefidrud with 8.18 % had maximum and lowest land cover changes in the Caspianbasin. Also final scoring of water resource management in the Caspian basin shown that Area subbasinwith 0.499617 and Haraz-Ghareh Su sub-basin with 0.158627 had maximum and lowest scoreof water resource management in the Caspian basin. Also the results of the dependence of changes inland cover by land use management and water resources management in the Caspian sub basin shown1- PhD Student of Environmental Planning, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran2- Professor of Environmental Planning and Management, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran.3- Professor of Environmental Engineering Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Environment, University ofTehran, Tehran, Iran.4- PhD Hydrology and Water Resources, Deputy of Major Planning Affairs of Ab and Abfa, Iran Ministry ofEnergy.5- Professor of Costal Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Campus, IslamicAzad University, Tehran, Iran.6- PhD Student of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and ResearchCampus, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.J.Env.Sci,TechJ.Env. Sci. Tech., Vol 17, No.3, Autumn 2015195that the dependence of R-Squared is equal to 0.645, indicating a relatively high dependence on thefield. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

211 - Investigation of Cost Damages on Plants by Laky Sazbon Dam
Zahra Abedi Nasser Moharam Nezhad Borhan Riazi Maryam Bayat

The design to construct Sazbon dam and power plant is a sub-group of designs that have anything to do with the tributaries of KARKHE BASIN. The location where the design is going to be implemented is in the province of Illam and eastern part of SARABLEH which is about 3 More

The design to construct Sazbon dam and power plant is a sub-group of designs that have anything to do with the tributaries of KARKHE BASIN. The location where the design is going to be implemented is in the province of Illam and eastern part of SARABLEH which is about 3 Kms after the confluence of two rivers named Simoreh and Cherdaval respectively within the straits of SAZBON. To determine the value of plant covering on the reservoir, first the values of trees and pasture were estimated subject to valuation codes and about 3269 acres of pastures(Echinops orientalis ,Astragalus  gossypinus , Hordeum spontaneum….,) and about 71 acres of woods shall(Amygdalus scopariaو Pistaciaو  Quercus  brantii(...و be flooded by constructing this dam. The damages were estimated to be 3198970040 billion IR-Rials which are evaluated to be very little against 660 billion IR-Rials of profits as gained by constructing the dam but can be compensated for by powers consumption revenues. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

212 - Application of nonparametric method for optimization of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission in wheat production
Morteza Taki Yahya Ajabshirchi Ahmad Ghobadifar

Background and Objective: Nowadays, increase of energy consumption in agricultural section has lead to some environmental problems and increase of final costs. In this study, the non-parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to estimate the energy eff More

Background and Objective: Nowadays, increase of energy consumption in agricultural section has lead to some environmental problems and increase of final costs. In this study, the non-parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to estimate the energy efficiency and greenhose gas emission in the irrigated wheat farms in Silakhor plain of Lorestan province. Method: Data were collected through both questionnaire and interwiew surveys using 150 farmers. Results showed that the energy consumption for 0.1 up to 2, 2.1 up to 5 and over 5 hectares were 22134, 24128 and 25078 MJ/ha respectively, and the sum of grain, fertilizer and pesticides had the highest share of energy consumption in  all levels. The results of DEA showed that technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies in the third level were 88, 93 and 94%and higher than the same amounts obtained in other levels. Results: Energy saving ratios in these levels were 6.83, 8.11 and 6.54 respectively. This indicates that 1512, 1957 and 1640 MJ/ha of total input energy can be saved, if the mentioned method is used. The results of greenhouse gas emission showed that diesel fuel has the highest share in the environmental pollutants. Optimization of energy consumption can totally decrease 6516.67 kg CO2 produced in wheat production. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

213 - Land use/cover mapping usig satellite data and geographic information system (GIS) (Case study: Mouteh wild life sanctuary)
Vahid Rahdary Alireza Soffianian Saeideh Maleki Najfabdai Seyed Jamaleddin Khajeddin Meysam Rahdari

Introduction: Nowadays remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are excellent tools to use in land use and land cover mapping. Identification land use /cover arrangement can help to proper land management. Material and Methods:In this study for Mouteh wil More

Introduction: Nowadays remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are excellent tools to use in land use and land cover mapping. Identification land use /cover arrangement can help to proper land management. Material and Methods:In this study for Mouteh wild life sanctuary’s land use land cover mapping IRS-P6, LISS III data which is planned at the same time with field sampling was taken in jun 2006were used. After preparing the satellite data, the geometric correction was applied to an image with the 0.65 mean square error. In the next step, due to being the mountainous zone topographic correction was performed on the image.Finely land use/cover maps were produced by using combinatorial classification method. Vegetation cover percentage map was prepared by using SAVI index and field sampling. Each land use/cover map was produced using several image processing. Using GIS technique Land use/cover layer combined together and land use/cover map was produced. In order to thematic accuracy assess Kappa coefficient and total accuracy were calculated respectively equal: 0/92 and 0/94 that shown proper image classification. Results: Study result show that vegetation cover with 0-10% crown has highest area in region with 81690(ha) either mining residential area was respectively 828 and 249(ha). Discussion And Conclusions:Result shown that hybrid classification method has high ability for land use/cover mapping especially when land use/cover have similar reflectance that common classification methods such as supervise and unsupervised classification can not produce proper maps.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

214 - Evaluation of land cover changes in Kaftareh watershed using remote sensing technique
Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Dariush Naseri

10.22034/jest.2017.11071

Background and Objective: Land cover change detection is an effective tool for managing natural resources and evaluating ecosystem changes. The aim of this research is monitoring land cover changes using remotely sensed images and GIS in Kaftareh watershed in Ardabil pr More

Background and Objective: Land cover change detection is an effective tool for managing natural resources and evaluating ecosystem changes. The aim of this research is monitoring land cover changes using remotely sensed images and GIS in Kaftareh watershed in Ardabil province. Method: In this investigation, Landsat 5 TM images for years 1987 and 1998 and Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS images for year 2014 were collected and analyzed. For this purpose, atmospheric and radiometric corrections, the images of every year was classified using maximum likelihood supervised classification method. Then, considering study area features, the images were classified into four land cover classes: dry land, range land, irrigated land, garden land and bare land. Moreover, NDVI index was used to differentiate between range land and bare land. Slope layer was used to distinguish between range land and dry land. Findings: According to the results, during the period 1987-2014, 68.91 percent of study area haven’t been changed. 1970.68 hectares of range land were destroyed and changed into bare land, dry land and garden land. Moreover, dry land, irrigated and garden land and bare land were increased 26% (1808.20 hectares), 6.97% (43.54 hectares) and 33.99% (100.78 hectares), respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Additional information such as slope layer and NDVI index in assistant with supervised classification of satellite images can increase the accuracy of image classification to provide land cover maps. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

215 - Investigation on Forest Canopy Gap Resultant Dead Woods in Intact Beech Forest (Case Study; Jamand Series- Golband)
Mohammadreza Pourmajidian Ghavamoddin Zahedi Amiri Hamid Jalilvand Mahdi Mirdar Harijani

Introduction: Dead woods cause forming natural canopy gap in forest stand and more essential forbiodiversity in forests, thus most research has been on protection and existence of dead wood in foreststand.Material and method: In this research by surveying the whole of f More

Introduction: Dead woods cause forming natural canopy gap in forest stand and more essential forbiodiversity in forests, thus most research has been on protection and existence of dead wood in foreststand.Material and method: In this research by surveying the whole of field surface of about 47 hectaresfrom one beech stand in Noshahr veisar forest, the canopy gap size and dead woods were measured.Total 14 dead woods were known in canopy gap surface that maximum number of kind samplingrelated to Fagus orientalis species. For measurement of dead wood decay degree, they were classifiedin 4 classifications.Result: Result showed according to low slope of the field, dead trees have large height and dbh thatcan show most dead trees were in longevity age. Also, the passing of time causes dead wood decaydegree to increase and it decreases canopy gap size. According to the conclusion, correlation of deadwoods decay degree with number of regeneration per hectare was significant at 5% level.Consolation: most of sampling from regeneration was measured at surface of canopy gap by deadwoods with decay degree of 3&4. Moreover, in this research canopy gap size was not significant at5% level with regeneration per hectare Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

216 - Structural Equation Modeling of Children Satisfaction in Residential Open Spaces
Hamidreza Azemati Hassan Feridonzadeh

Aim: The aim of this research is the study of the role of children satisfaction of open spaces inresidential in the form of causal model.Methods: This research method is correction study with the design on the structural model relation.147 parents settling in Shahid Fal More

Aim: The aim of this research is the study of the role of children satisfaction of open spaces inresidential in the form of causal model.Methods: This research method is correction study with the design on the structural model relation.147 parents settling in Shahid Fallahi and Omid complexes in Tehran, were selected by Randomcluster Sampling. They were asked to cite their own believes on open-spaced complexes included inthe 57 questionnaires. Validity of the Instrument Calculated by Content method and the understudyingconstructs showed that the instrument had a proper validity. Also, reliability ratio of instrument wascalculated approximately α =0.954. Direct and indirect effects of variables on satisfaction ofresidential complexes of open space were calculated through path analysis and regression methods.Results: Results showed that the factors to satisfaction of residing children in residential complexes tofollow the direct and indirect relationships.Conclusion: Variables such as natural factors (herbal covering), Space form, Ergonomics have directeffect on children satisfaction of residential open space, and the other variables like flexibility child'splay tools, visual stimuli factors have indirect effects on the children satisfaction of residential openspace. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

217 - Diversity of Vegetation in Pardisan Forest Park and Climatic Adaptation of its Dominant Species in the Region
Nematollah khorasani Farideh Atabi Maryam Afashari

Background and Objective: The relation between a climate and its vegetation cover is a function of special condition. Climate is considered as one of important ecologic factors and has the most important effect on quality and quantity of vegetation cases. Selection of p More

Background and Objective: The relation between a climate and its vegetation cover is a function of special condition. Climate is considered as one of important ecologic factors and has the most important effect on quality and quantity of vegetation cases. Selection of plants per improvement and recovery of each region should be simple implemented  based on the knowledge of that region concentration of special species of each region is determined by three factors namely temperature, precipitation and humidity, which today are named as biological variables. The goal of this study was to investigate diversity of vegetation in Pardisan forest park and climatic adaptation of its dominant species in the region. Method: In this research by collection of tremendous species of vegetation coverage of Pardisan Park, preliminary recognition of vegetation cover and collection of information such as their names, growth forms, dispersion and application in the land landscape was done. Given the Pardisan Park management didn't have any statistical data of the numeral and position of hand planted plants. The general location and areas of prevailing species of the park was determined and was marked on the map of the park by using GIS software. The frequency of each gens and of each family were ordered by each software. In next step after getting the information and statistics and the values of climate logical parameters related to geophysical station from meteorological organization, we studied them and analyzed their relation to the survival of prevailing species of the park. Results: Climatology and ambrotermic diagrams and curves were plotted based on climatic parameters and finally echo gram curves of dominant vegetation cover of Pardisan Park were analyzed based on climatology parameters. Conclusion: Results show that, given that there is no significant difference in the micro climate of different areas of the park, factors such as microclimate, soil, direction and amount of access of plants to water resources play the most important role in the diversity of vegetation even of Pardisan forest park. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

218 - Investigation of Cover/Land Use Structure of Sefidrod Watershed by Landscape Ecology Metrics
Vahed Kiyani Jahangir Feghhi

Introduction: Awareness of the types of land cover and human activities as a data base of planning isimportant, which for optimum use of natural resources in sustainable development way to aware ofecological resources in limited time and minimum cost needed. The aim of More

Introduction: Awareness of the types of land cover and human activities as a data base of planning isimportant, which for optimum use of natural resources in sustainable development way to aware ofecological resources in limited time and minimum cost needed. The aim of this study has beenInvestigation of Cover/Land Use Structure of Sefidrood Watershed by Landscape Ecology Metrics.Material and method: In this study cover/land use maps of watershed with the goal Sefidrood paperusing Arc GIS 9.2 software maps the desired category and eventually became relevant measures usingsoftware Fragstat 3.3 were extracted. Measures used in the grade level (the user) in this studymeasures grade level, percentage area, the number of spots, total margin, shape, Land, the largestspots, the average level of spot, average spot shape index and mean nearest neighbor distances wereEuclidean.Results: Index numbers to measure tear stains classes used in this study, the largest number of spotsand tear, ie the most agriculture-related classes (691) and the lowest dissociation related to the forestclass (30), respectively. The highest rating land to grassland class (39/56) had the spots are moredispersed than classes and the lowest to the forest class (10/78) and in the forest of stain lessdispersion of have. The highest mean Euclidean nearest neighbor distance of the amount of disruptionpieces spots shows a class related to the agricultural class (6747/32 m) and the lowest value was to theforest class (908/32).Conclusion: User disruption in agriculture is the highest amount of fragmentation can therefore beconcluded their relationship with their collection has been discontinued and the notion that this isagricultural land have less integrity (fragmented more disruption) than other classes. The use ofrenewable resources should be a way that do not cause disturbs the balance of the environment, becusethe change in resources due to changes in ecological structure and function of Landscape is impressivein the area. However, applying principles of landscape ecology gives an initial assessment in thelandcape ecological scale that on the way for rapid assessment and scientific use and emphasizedservices of the nature, The prioritization each of the pathes is based on their quality. So suggestedutilization princpel of landscape ecology to provide structural information to design and landuseplanning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

219 - Sustainability assessment of urban geomorphology for planning and urban development management (Case Study: Yazd)
Amanehalsadat Pouriyeh Nematallah Khorasani Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Parvin Farshchi

10.22034/jest.2018.13780

Abstract Background and Objective: Natural feature have a decisive effect on locating, growth, and physical development of cities. Natural phenomena sometimes act as positive factors and sometimes as negative and deterrent factors. The main objective of this study is to More

Abstract Background and Objective: Natural feature have a decisive effect on locating, growth, and physical development of cities. Natural phenomena sometimes act as positive factors and sometimes as negative and deterrent factors. The main objective of this study is to identify the geo-morphological features of Yazd city using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model in order to determine the sustainability of the city. Method: To achieve these goals, the geo-morphological indicators affecting the growth of Yazd including elevation, slope, aspect, geology, morphology, and pedology (land units) over a 30-year period from 1984 to 2013 were identified. Then, using questionnaire, the importance of indicators in development of the city was specified. Moreover, the DEA model was designed to examine the efficiency of development of Yazd. Efficiency of the units was calculated by GAMS software. The most efficient units involved in development of Yazd were recognized using Anderson and Peterson model. Findings: According to the DEA model during the study period (1984-2013), development of about 16% of Yazd was found to be quite efficient. In other words, during the study period, the years 1985, 1986, 2005, 2009, and 2013 have always had 100% efficiency. The most efficient unit in Yazd, based on the geomorphology indicator, was observed in 1986. Since then, with the development of city mainly in southwest direction the efficiency has been declining. Conclusion: The results show that indicators of slope, piedmont plain sediments, urban areas are playing an important role in the development of Yazd city. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

220 - Determining the optimal method for classification and mapping of land use/land cover through comparison of artificial neural network and support vector machine algorithms using satellite data (Case study: International Hamoun wetland)
amir houshang ehsani Mojtaba Shakeryari

10.22034/jest.2019.13711

Background and Objective: Images classification is one of the important techniques for interpretation of satellite images that is widely used in survey of earth changes. In the meantime, satellite data has been recognized as the best tool for detection and evaluation of More

Background and Objective: Images classification is one of the important techniques for interpretation of satellite images that is widely used in survey of earth changes. In the meantime, satellite data has been recognized as the best tool for detection and evaluation of changes due to its update information, low costs and variety of forms. Therefore, land use/land cover map is one of the most important information required by the environmental managers and planners. On the other hand, in recent years, artificial neural network method has been used widely for the classification of satellite data. The aim of this study is to compare three different methods for land cover classification using 2014 OLI image over a 26-year period. Method: In this study, digital data of OLI (2014) sensor was used in order to optimize image classification method. Initially, the image was corrected in terms of geometry and radiometry in the ENVI software. Then IDRISI software was used for image classification using three different methods: fuzzy artmap, multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks and support vector machine. Finally, land cover maps were classified into five categories: water, vegetation, canebrake, barren lands and saline lands. To evaluate accuracy with the help of user accuracy, producer accuracy, overall accuracy, kappa coefficient and error matrix, the created map was compared with the ground reality map created by GPS, Google Earth images and field observations. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of image accuracy evaluation showed that among the applied methods the fuzzy artmap algorithm had the highest accuracy in classification of satellite data with an overall accuracy of 94.68 and kappa coefficient of 0.91 compared to both multilayer perceptron artificial algorithm with an overall accuracy of 92.99 and kappa coefficient of 0.89 and support vector machine with an overall accuracy of 90.93 and kappa coefficient of 0.85. This study showed that classification of fuzzy artmap artificial neural network algorithm has a high capability to create the land cover map with high accuracy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

221 - Evaluating the Effect of Deforestation on the Runoff- Peak by KINFIL Model (Case study: Sepidroud catchment)
Alireza Mardookhpour Leila Ooshaksaraie

Introdouction: KINFIL rainfall-runoff model has been used for the reconstruction of the rainfall runoff events in agricultural land use. Method: The implementation of the KINFIL model supported by GIS proved to be a proper method for the flood runoff assessment on Sepid More

Introdouction: KINFIL rainfall-runoff model has been used for the reconstruction of the rainfall runoff events in agricultural land use. Method: The implementation of the KINFIL model supported by GIS proved to be a proper method for the flood runoff assessment on Sepidroud catchments (north of Iran), during different scenarios of the rainfall events. Results: The results show when the observed discharge peak was 2.25 m**3/s, the computed discharge by the KINFIL model predicted 2.4 m**3/s (about 7% errors) and when the observed discharge peak was 1.9 m**3/s, the computed discharge by the KINFIL model predicted 1.8 m**3/s (about 5% errors) .Also, the KINFIL model may be used for the catchment management, including the investigation of deforestation on predict flood runoff assessment with a significant precision. The results showed when deforestation reaches 10% of total primitive areas in Sepidroud basin, the runoff-peak may increase more than 14.5 times Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

222 - Investigation on the Qualitative Changes of Tehran green space, between 1990 and 2006(Case study: District 5 of Tehran municipality)
Mona Soroudi Seid Ali Jozi

Background and Objective: Regarding the vegetation's crucial role in urban environment, investigation on the change detection seems to be necessary. Therefore, the usage of remote sensing was noticed to be important to study the changes. Method: In this study, to estim More

Background and Objective: Regarding the vegetation's crucial role in urban environment, investigation on the change detection seems to be necessary. Therefore, the usage of remote sensing was noticed to be important to study the changes. Method: In this study, to estimate the qualitative changes of vegetation cover, the NDVI was applied and Tm and IRS images of 1990 and 2006 were used and vegetation maps of District 5 of Tehran municipality by underlining the different greenness levels were generated. Findings: Statistics revealed that the area of good and moderate greenness level vegetated lands decreased and the area of poor greenness level vegetated lands increased by 23.22, 684.27 and 299.43 ha respectively. It is important to mention that to find out the procedure of qualitative changes of the study area's vegetation cover post-classification change detection technique applied and results indicated that non-vegetated areas converted to poor and moderate greenness level vegetated lands by 0.9 and 186.48 ha respectively. Also the conversion of 419.58 ha of poor and 175.86 ha of moderate greenness level vegetated lands to non-vegetated lands was noticed.                                                                                                                Conclusion: The maximum amount of increased non-vegetated area and destroyed moderate and good greenness level vegetated lands were studied in region number 2. So, region number 2, in comparison with other six regions has been changed the most during 1990 to 2006. The equal amount of increased non-vegetated area and decreased vegetated area by 408.06 ha showed that land use changes have been accrued in study area, therefore conservation and increase the urban vegetated areas are important to develop urban master plans.                                                                                                                         Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

223 - Exploring Land Cover Changes in Arak Using GIS and Remote Sensing
Mozhgan Ahmadi Nadoushan Alireza Soffianian Sayed Jamaleddin Khajeddin

Introduction: Land cover changes are among the most important alterations of the Earth’s land surface which affect the environment and environmental processes. Material and Methods: In this study, aerial photos from 1956 and 1972, Landsat TM and IRS-P6 LISS-III im More

Introduction: Land cover changes are among the most important alterations of the Earth’s land surface which affect the environment and environmental processes. Material and Methods: In this study, aerial photos from 1956 and 1972, Landsat TM and IRS-P6 LISS-III images obtained in 1980 and 2006 as well as the post-classification method were used to detect land cover changes and to evaluate Arak and its periphery during 1956-2006. At first, geometric correction was done to prepare aerial photos and satellite images. For this purpose, topographic maps at scales of 1:50000 and 1:25000 and nearest neighbor method and resampling method were applied. Root mean square error for all aerial photos and satellite images was less than one pixel. Afterwards, all georefrenced photos were mosaicked and land cover maps with 4 classes (urban areas, vegetated areas, barren lands, and rocks) were generated using visual interpretation of aerial photos. Following satellite images geometric correction, topographic correction was applied to images using DEM and Lambert model. In the next step, thye artificial neural networks classification method was implemented after producing false color composite images and image fusion. Results: Land cover maps in four classes were generated with overall accuracy of over 90%. To detect the land cover changes during 4 periods between 1956 and 2006, land cover maps of 1956, 1972, 1990 and 2006 were compared, and change maps and Tables were made. The results showed significant urban expansion, vegetated and barren lands losses and stability in rocks and mountainous areas during 1956-2006. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

224 - Investigation of Possibility of Fern Application as a Bioindicator of Site Condition in North of Iran (Case study: Kheiroudkenar Noshahr)
Mahta Gholamhossein Assad Allah Mataji Javad Eshaghi Rad Fahimeh Salimpour

Introduction: The study was done in forest of Tehran University in Noshahr. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of fern application as bioindicator of site condition and to determine the effective physical and chemical factors of soil on distributio More

Introduction: The study was done in forest of Tehran University in Noshahr. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of fern application as bioindicator of site condition and to determine the effective physical and chemical factors of soil on distribution range of growing elements. Material & Method: For this purpose, the selective sampling method was used to locate samples, and totally 55 samples were selected in the study area. For floristic studies on herb stratification, parts of an area of 100 m2 (plot size) were determined and the herb layer was recored using modified Braun Blanquet Tables. Soil samples were taken from the center and four corner pieces of the samples, in the depth of 0-20 cm soil horizon, and the physical and chemical properties of soil (moisture saturated, pH, soil texture, lime, phosphorus, total nitrogen percentage, potassium exchange, organic matter percentage) and physiographic factors (height, slope and aspect) were examined. The environmental variables in the analysis (cluster analysis, DCA and CCA) were used to analyze the data in order to determine the relationship between vegetation and plant cover (grass). Result and Discussion: The survey results showed that amon the various physiographic factors (slope, direction and altitude), slope is the most important factor in the establishment of species such as Phylitis scolopendrium and Polystichum aculeatum, and in the absence of two species named Peteridum aquilinum and Pteris cretica direction isthe most important factor in the establishment Asplenium adiantum.Athyrum filix-femina, Phylitis scolopendrium and Polystichum aculeatum are observed where the amounts of acidity, organic matter and slope percentage are high. In other words, establishment of Athyrum filix-femina, Phylitis scolopendrium, and Polystichum aculeatum is influenced by the environmental factors of pH, organic matter and slope percentage. Belechnum Spicant is abserved in the areas withlight soil (sand) and Asplenium adiantum-nigrum and Polystichum aculeatum are observed in the soils with heavy texture (clay). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

225 - Evaluation of financial efficiency with non-radial model and fuzzy data and inputs and outputs with nonlinear marginal margin with data envelopment analysis technique
Saeid savadkouhi Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Mohammadreza Shahriari Mohsen Vaez-Ghsemi

Among the important producers and financial organizations in the national economy, the country's major producers, including petrochemicals and refineries, have an important role in improving efficiency and preventing crude oil. In this regard, managers of these organiza More

Among the important producers and financial organizations in the national economy, the country's major producers, including petrochemicals and refineries, have an important role in improving efficiency and preventing crude oil. In this regard, managers of these organizations are struggling to improve efficiency in light of the economic conditions. The classic approach of data envelopment analysis models takes into account the linear pricing performance for inputs and outputs in the evaluation. In this paper, we examined the efficiency of the top ten petrochemical companies in the year 1395 by modeling with the help of auxiliary variables and nonlinear values of inputs and outputs. An important feature of the proposed model is that it considers nonlinear values of inputs and outputs. In the DEA total analysis, all weights are taken linearlyThey can not show the reality of the issue in many practical applications. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

226 - The Relationship between Financial Investment and Malmquist Productivity Index Based on Data Envelopment Analysis in Network Structure (Case Study: Tehran Metro Stations)
Ali Mohammad Gholiha Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Mohammadreza Shahriari Mohsen Vaez-Ghsemi

Evaluation of Tehran metro stations based on multiple indices has been studied in this paper. Subway stations have always been considered one of the service centers. Considering that the design and construction of the metro station focuses on the creation of infrastruct More

Evaluation of Tehran metro stations based on multiple indices has been studied in this paper. Subway stations have always been considered one of the service centers. Considering that the design and construction of the metro station focuses on the creation of infrastructure, facilities and equipment and then the operational part uses it for the first service, it therefore has two stages of construction and operation. Data envelopment analysis with two-step structure is designed for this topic. The data were collected over five years and attacked four Tehran metro stations. Based on the results of the designed model, the progress and remission of all stations were calculated at each stage and its relationship with financial investment in each metro station was investigated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

227 - Portfolio Performance Assessment Based on a Mixed (Economic-Accounting) Approach and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
Fatemeh Dadbeh Maryam khalili araghi

The performance evaluation of optimal portfolio selection as an important matter for all investors involves creating portfolios that maximize investor utility. Determining an appropriate approach to performance evaluation of portfolio efficiency is one of the most impor More

The performance evaluation of optimal portfolio selection as an important matter for all investors involves creating portfolios that maximize investor utility. Determining an appropriate approach to performance evaluation of portfolio efficiency is one of the most important current issues in the field of investment management. Several portfolio assessment techniques have always been concerned by researchers and financial analysts. Therefore, in selecting the evaluation criteria, one cannot select an investment project solely on the basis of its high returns. Portfolio performance evaluation models presented by focusing upon both risk and return are not based on the fundamental approach to financial elements. Therefore, this study addresses the portfolio performance assessment based on a mixed (economic-accounting) approach and using data envelopment analysis (DEA) as the multipurpose modeling. The results show that the accounting approach is more efficient than the economic approach and the combined approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

228 - Appraising the Relationship between Age and Total Assets of Mutual Funds and their Efficiency by Using Data Envelopment Analysis Approach (DEA)
Alireza badkoobeh Hezaveh ali Esmaeilzadeh Maghari

Mutual funds are professional finance institutions which have invested in securities, by investors’ payments, while enjoying the professional management as well as decrease in non-systemic risk. On the other hand, investors require some approaches to evaluate the More

Mutual funds are professional finance institutions which have invested in securities, by investors’ payments, while enjoying the professional management as well as decrease in non-systemic risk. On the other hand, investors require some approaches to evaluate the performance of mutual funds including, data envelopment analysis as a multi-purpose decision making method. Efficient and inefficient companies may be specified by this method, as well as a reference to achieve the efficiency limit for inefficient companies. This research aims to evaluate efficiency of mutual funds by the method of data envelopment analysis. The interval is begun from 2018 until the end of the spring of 2020 and all stock mutual funds form the statistical society. Also 35 mutual funds is a statistical sample. The results show meaningful correlation between obtained efficiency by the method of data envelopment analysis and the real output of mutual funds. So data envelopment analysis is a suitable method to evaluate efficiency of mutual funds. The results indicate that increase in total assets of mutual funds enhance their efficiency. But the age of mutual funds does not affect their efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

229 - Efficiency measurement of mutual fund families performance in Iran using two-stage DEA models
Maryam Masoumi Hajir Fatemeh Rakhshan Mohammad Reza Alirezaee

In analyzing relative performance, especially at the institutional level, the traditional data envelopment analysis models do not recognize vastly different and important activities as separate functions and therefore cannot identify which function may be the main sourc More

In analyzing relative performance, especially at the institutional level, the traditional data envelopment analysis models do not recognize vastly different and important activities as separate functions and therefore cannot identify which function may be the main source of inefficiency. Mutual fund families are a group of mutual funds that are established through one investment company. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the relative performance of 18 mutual fund families in Iran during the years 1396 and 1397, by implementing a two-stage DEA model that decomposes the overall efficiency of each decision making unit into two components of operational management efficiency and portfolio management efficiency. The results show that by decomposing the overall efficiency into two components, one can determine mutual funds with good performance from those of bad or poor performance. Also, the frontier projections of mutual fund families with poor performance is calculated in order to help management in managing the relative performance of each family. According to assessment results of 18 mutual fund families in Iran, they have poor performance in operational management which means that management of costs of the funds is poor. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

230 - Combining Multi-Criteria Decision Making and Mathematical Optimization as a Basis for Capital Decision Making
Ali Sepehri Hossein Jabbari Hassan Ghodrati Ghazaani Hossein Panahian

The present study was conducted with the aim of combining multi-criteria decision making approach and mathematical optimization in evaluating financial efficiency and refining the affecting factors. In this research, based on a quantitative analysis, a distinction is ma More

The present study was conducted with the aim of combining multi-criteria decision making approach and mathematical optimization in evaluating financial efficiency and refining the affecting factors. In this research, based on a quantitative analysis, a distinction is made between capital decision supporting and decision-making, and data envelopment analysis has been used in selecting the investment option. The type of research has been done in terms of theoretical-applied purpose and with survey research design. Using the fuzzy Dematel method, the most effective factors of financial efficiency was: 1) Current ratio, 2) Liquidity of assets, 3) Ownership ratio, 4) Operating cost rate, 5) Firm size, 6) Operating return on assets, 7) Net return Assets, 8) return on equity, 9) current asset turnover, 10) average monthly return, 11) daily price to earnings per share, 12) earnings growth. The statistical population of the research in the refinement of inputs and outputs includes professors and experts and, 183 selected companies of Tehran Stock Exchange in the selection of the optimal capital combination. The evaluation of financial efficiency led to the identification of 42 companies as justified investment options. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

231 - Evaluation and ranking of market risk in infrastructure projects using integrated DEA/AHP technique
fatemeh komaki reza fallahnejad farhad Hoseinzadeh Lotfi mohsen rostsmi malekhalifeh

AbstractInvestment in projects is one of the factors of economic growth and sustainable development in countries. Since investors are usually exposed to different risks and due to the importance of risk in selecting projects, it has always been focused on the optimizati More

AbstractInvestment in projects is one of the factors of economic growth and sustainable development in countries. Since investors are usually exposed to different risks and due to the importance of risk in selecting projects, it has always been focused on the optimization of project selection and optimization techniques to reduce risks. The main risks associated with investment projects are divided into market and political risk groups, which can lead to decrease in productivity and increased cost in a capital project .Market risk consists of four risk factors: commercial risk, project progress risk, vector gain risk and construction risk. The aim of this paper is evaluation and ranking of market risks in selecting different types of capital projects based on mathematical programming model with DEA / AHP combined technique so that according to the relative weights, the overall impact of market risk on project prioritization is determined. After the implementation of the proposed algorithm, the risk of advancing the first priority, risk of construction / completion of second priority, risk taking and commercial risk were placed third and fourth priority so that investors can identify and reduce their effects in projects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

232 - Exchange Rate Optimal Hedge Ratio by Gold Futures in Iran
Rasool Sajad Adena Torosian

In this article, the exchange rate (USD/RLS) minimum variance optimal hedge ratio by gold futures have been estimated and compared by different econometric approaches. For estimating this rate three domains, daily, two days and weekly domain for spot and futures prices More

In this article, the exchange rate (USD/RLS) minimum variance optimal hedge ratio by gold futures have been estimated and compared by different econometric approaches. For estimating this rate three domains, daily, two days and weekly domain for spot and futures prices are used due to increase futures and spot correlation by increasing return domain. The static optimal hedge ratio estimated by OLS, corrected OLS and univariate GARCH models and dynamic one by CCC and DCC multivariate GARCH models. In term of in sample efficiency weekly return DCC and out of sample one, weekly return CCC, has the highest efficiency. In all models, the estimated rate of weekly returns is more efficient than the estimated rates of daily and two days return. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

233 - Credit risk management in the banking system - A comparative approach of Data Envelopment Analysis and Neural Network and Logistic Regression
Marziyeh Ebrahimi Shghagi Abdollah Daryabor

This research has been done with the aim of identification of effective factors which influence credit risk and designing model for estimating credit Rating of the companies which have borrowed from a commercial Bank in the one-year period by using Data Envelopment Anal More

This research has been done with the aim of identification of effective factors which influence credit risk and designing model for estimating credit Rating of the companies which have borrowed from a commercial Bank in the one-year period by using Data Envelopment Analysis and neural network model and comparison of these two models . For this purpose the necessary sample data on financial and non-financial information of 146 companies (as random simple) was selected. In this research, 27 explanatory variables (include financial and non-financial variables) were obtained, by application of factor analysis and Delphi method for examination. Finally 8 variables which had significant effect on credit risk were selected and entered to DEA model. Efficiency of companies was calculated with these variables. Also variables as well as the input vector three-layer perceptron neural network models were added to the model .finally data was processes with logistic regression.  Results from data envelopment analysis model and Neural network and Logistic regression  in comparisons to the actual results obtained from neural network models to predict credit risk legal customers and credit rating suggest that neural network is more efficient than data envelopment analysis and logistic regression.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

234 - Analysis of bankruptcy of companies listed in Stock Exchange by using of two methods of Discriminant Analysis and DEA–Additive analysis
Asghar Moshabbaki Hossein Mombeyni Alireza Bakhshizadeh

Bankruptcy is a challenge that, many companies are faced with. Therefore the analysis of bankruptcy is too important, especially for investors. Accordingly, the present study aims to use of two techniques of DEA–Additive analysis and Discriminant analysis in order More

Bankruptcy is a challenge that, many companies are faced with. Therefore the analysis of bankruptcy is too important, especially for investors. Accordingly, the present study aims to use of two techniques of DEA–Additive analysis and Discriminant analysis in order to analysis and assessment of bankruptcy of the companies which are listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. The study is descriptive- application and to assess the models of bankruptcy analysis, 110 companies listed on the stock exchange have been considered as statistical population and the DEA-Additive model and Discriminant Analysis model are used to bankruptcy analysis. The study showed that the Discriminant Analysis model was 50% accurate in predicting the bankrupt companies and 72% accurate in predicting the successful companies while the DEA-Additive model was 64% accurate in predicting the bankrupt companies and 87% accurate in predicting the successful companies, so in total the DEA-Additive model is more accurate than the Discriminant Analysis model in the bankruptcy analysis, and therefore it is preferred. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

235 - Feasibility of Currency hedging for exporter and importer companies by Using the Iran Mercantile Exchange Coin futures contract
Ali Rostami Gholamreza Zomorodian Meysam Alimohammadi

One of the most important applications of futures, hedging is that this application is also evident in the futures coins and various stakeholders can use it. In this paper, using time series dollar in free market and price of futures contracts coin during the period 139 More

One of the most important applications of futures, hedging is that this application is also evident in the futures coins and various stakeholders can use it. In this paper, using time series dollar in free market and price of futures contracts coin during the period 1390 to 1393 to assess the risk of cross hedging exchange rate using futures contracts coin. First, the correlation between the exchange rate and price time series econometric model for future Coin vector regression (VAR) found. After the confirmation of residual autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity conditional on the VAR, the model BEEK (which is a multivariate GARCH model), conditional variance Currency and coins was estimated future prices and then by minimum variance hedge ratio was calculated for different maturities and the profit or loss resulting from currency risk hedging gain or loss resulting from exchange rate fluctuations were real. The results show that there is a high correlation with the price of the coin exchange rate (US Dollar), possibility of covering cross-currency risk using futures contracts provide for gold coins. Also, due to long-term memory between exchange rate fluctuations and price estimation of future coins hedge ratio through BEEK-GARCH model, and using this model include more than 70 percent to compensate losses from currency risk. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

236 - Identifying the relative efficiency of banks, using the data envelopment analysis and fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making approach (Case Study: The Bank accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange)
Golnar Golbazkhanin pour Ali Fazel Yazdi Mohamad Hosein Tahari Mehrjardi

Financial and monetary institutions and particularly the commercial banks, is important for direction and significant influence on economic and social development of countries. Thus it seems necessary and logical the model provides for feedback to improve performance in More

Financial and monetary institutions and particularly the commercial banks, is important for direction and significant influence on economic and social development of countries. Thus it seems necessary and logical the model provides for feedback to improve performance in various branches of the organization and access tools to meet the needs of managers.In order to above requirements, this research intends to use the appropriate model for evaluating the performance of banks in the Tehran Stock Exchange, in order to identify the efficient and inefficient banks in exchange, and provide the competitors' strategies appropriate for to improve performance the inefficient banks and enhance more the performance efficient banks. In this study the experience of using the combination model of data envelopment analysis and fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making for assessing the performance of Bank adopted in the Tehran Stock Exchange, effort to using the technique of hierarchical fuzzy process to identify the final input and output for of The relative performance of  bank adopted in the Tehran stock exchange, and then collect the relevant information, can be measured the efficiency of these units using data envelopment analysis models. While each of these cases, studiedthe sensitivity analysis of input and output and complete ranking of banks for each of the years using cross-efficiency evaluation method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

237 - Production planning in parallel production systems such as banks: A DEA-based approach
Sohrab Kordrostamia Alireza Amirteimoori Atefeh Masoumzadeha

Banking industry in the world and especially in Iran are among those competitive organizations that active based on parallel production systems. So,production planning for the next period of activity is so sensitive, and important. To achieve these end, Decisions should More

Banking industry in the world and especially in Iran are among those competitive organizations that active based on parallel production systems. So,production planning for the next period of activity is so sensitive, and important. To achieve these end, Decisions should forecastes short and long financial plans for next period. In many real word problems, there is production systems which are composed a finite number of production stations arranged in parallel. The problem of production planning and resource allocation in such systems is an important subject in DEA context. In this paper, the problem of resource allocation and production planning in parallel production systems has been studied. An aggregated DEA model is used to the production planning problem. An empirical example is used to illustrate the applicability to the proposed approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

238 - Option Hedging in Jump-Diffusion Markets by Malliavin Calculus
Minoo Bakhsh Mohammadlou Rahman Farnoosh

We obtain the hedging strategy in a jump-diffusion market by minimizing the variance of the residual risk. We calculate the residual risk by two formulas: the Ito's formula and the jump-diffusion version of the Clark-Ocone formula. The results show that Malliavin calcul More

We obtain the hedging strategy in a jump-diffusion market by minimizing the variance of the residual risk. We calculate the residual risk by two formulas: the Ito's formula and the jump-diffusion version of the Clark-Ocone formula. The results show that Malliavin calculus can generate the hedging strategy under weaker assumptions. Thus afterward we do not require to check the strong condition  on  and the condition  with bounded derivative is sufficient.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

239 - Efficiency Evaluation and Rating of registerd brokerage firms of Tehran Stock Exchange Using data envelopment analysis (DEA)
Heidar Foroughnejad Ghader Masoomi Khanegha Manochehr Mirzaei

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency and rating of registerd brokerage firms of Tehran Stock Exchange using data envelopment analysis. To do this, the rating data of 87 active brokers in Tehran Stock Exchange that have done for 1390(2012) year b More

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency and rating of registerd brokerage firms of Tehran Stock Exchange using data envelopment analysis. To do this, the rating data of 87 active brokers in Tehran Stock Exchange that have done for 1390(2012) year by securities and exchange organization, was used and broker’s efficiency was measured by using DEA-Master software. Also, efficient brokers were rated based on Anderson-Peterson method in two states of input oriented and output oriented. Results showed that, among the 87 brokers, only 44 brokers were efficient. Results also showed, brokers that have top rated by securities and exchange organization, based on data envelopment analysis techniques are not necessarily efficient. In other words, some of low rated brokers by securities and exchange organization were more efficient than top rated brokers by securities and exchange organization. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

240 - Efficiency and Productivity in Tehran Stock Exchange based on Diversification Strategy
Meysam Doaei Babooshka Shavazipour Mahdi Zamani Sabzi

In recent years, corporate diversification has turned into a highly controversial issue amongst numerous managers. It is contended by many that diversification is vitally important and highly effective especially when it comes to evaluating the financial performance. Th More

In recent years, corporate diversification has turned into a highly controversial issue amongst numerous managers. It is contended by many that diversification is vitally important and highly effective especially when it comes to evaluating the financial performance. There are several studies about the relationship between diversification and financial performance. However, there is no agreement that diversified firms are more efficient than focus firms. In this study, the listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchange are ranked based on their efficiency scores calculating by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models. Then, by slack analysis, the proposed improvement strategies for inefficient firms have been cited. Ultimately, the Malmquist index of productivity (MIP) has been utilized to further comparison and analysis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

241 - تکنیک های اندازه گیری کارایی در حضور تولیدات نامطلوب
S. Masrouri AR. Amirteimoori S. Kordrostami

اندازه گیری کارایی در حضور خروجی های نامطلوب موضوع مهمی است که توجه محققان بسیاری را به خود جلب کرده است. مقالات متعددی در خصوص خروجی های نامطلوب در روند تولید وجود دارد که می توان آنها را به دو گروه تقسیم کرد. در گروه اول در روند مدل سازی خروجی های نامطلوب مانند ورودی More

اندازه گیری کارایی در حضور خروجی های نامطلوب موضوع مهمی است که توجه محققان بسیاری را به خود جلب کرده است. مقالات متعددی در خصوص خروجی های نامطلوب در روند تولید وجود دارد که می توان آنها را به دو گروه تقسیم کرد. در گروه اول در روند مدل سازی خروجی های نامطلوب مانند ورودی ها در نظر گرفته می شوند در حالی که گروه دوم خروجی های نامطلوب را مانند خروجی ها در مدل در نظر می گیرند. در این مقاله رویکردهای متفاوت از این دوگروه برای دستیابی به یک رویکرد درست تحلیل می شود. با توجه به مثال های عددی ارائه شده، تکنولوژیی درست و کامل است که در آن از اصل دسترسی پذیری ضعیف استفاده شده است. Manuscript profile

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242 - یک روش ترکیببی جدید بر اساس تحلیل پوششی داده ها و شبکه عصبی برای بهینه سازی ارزیابی عملکرد
علی نمکین سید اسماعیل نجفی محمد فلاح مهرداد جوادی

در این مقاله ، یک روش جدید ترکیبی از شبکه های عصبی پرسپترون چند لایه و تحلیل پوششی داده ها ارائه می شود که در آن مقادیر ورودی و خروجی برای تعداد زیادی واحد تصمیم گیرنده به عنوان ورودی های شبکه عصبی تعیین می شود. می توان دید که با بکارگیری شبکه عصبی برای حل مسائل تحلیل پ More

در این مقاله ، یک روش جدید ترکیبی از شبکه های عصبی پرسپترون چند لایه و تحلیل پوششی داده ها ارائه می شود که در آن مقادیر ورودی و خروجی برای تعداد زیادی واحد تصمیم گیرنده به عنوان ورودی های شبکه عصبی تعیین می شود. می توان دید که با بکارگیری شبکه عصبی برای حل مسائل تحلیل پوششی داده ها نیاز به حل مدل مورد نظر برای هر واحد تصمیم گیرنده نیست و لذا الگوریتم ارائه شده زمان پردازش و استفاده از حافظه را نسبت به آنچه مورد نیاز روش متعارف در تحلیل پوششی داده ها است، به مقدار زیادی کاهش می دهد.جهت بررسی دقت شبکه ارائه شده،  چندمطالعه موردی از جمله مجموعه ای از  500شعبه بانک  مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد.نتایج نشان دهنده دقت بالا وزمان محاسباتی کمتر(اعتبارلازم) مدل ترکیبی پیشنهادی است. Manuscript profile

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243 - الگویابی شرکت های خدمات پس از فروش خودرو با معیار های وابسته- کاربردی از تحلیل پوششی داده ها
سجاد خیری فرهاد حسین زاده لطفی سیداسماعیل نجفی بیجان رحمانی

10.30495/ijim.2022.62771.1543

الگویابی ابزاری جهت ارزیابی عملکرد سازمانی با رویکرد یادگیری از دیگران می باشد. اهمیت الگویابی در تمامی صنایع بر هیچکس پوشیده نیست، در صنعت خودرو نیز هرساله عملکرد نمایندگی های خدمات پس از فروش خودرو در ایران توسط شرکت بازرسی کیفیت و استاندارد ایران مورد ارزیابی قرار می More

الگویابی ابزاری جهت ارزیابی عملکرد سازمانی با رویکرد یادگیری از دیگران می باشد. اهمیت الگویابی در تمامی صنایع بر هیچکس پوشیده نیست، در صنعت خودرو نیز هرساله عملکرد نمایندگی های خدمات پس از فروش خودرو در ایران توسط شرکت بازرسی کیفیت و استاندارد ایران مورد ارزیابی قرار می گیرند یکی از روش های بهبود مستمر نمایندگی های خدمات پس از فروش الگویابی از نمونه های موفق و کارا در سطح کشور می باشد. در این مقاله یک مدل الگویابی با درنظر گرفتن این موضوع که شاخص تعمیرات و رضایت مشتریان به یکدیگر وابسته هستند توسعه داده شده است. برای بهبود دقت و عملیاتی بودن الگویابی برخی محدودیت ها با نظر خبرگان به مدل اضافه شده است، با درنظر گرفتن متغیر های وابسته یک مدل تحلیل پوششی داده های پیشنهاد شده و این مدل برای الگویابی 20 نمایندگی خدمات پس از فروش یک شرکت خودرویی اجرا شده است. با اجرای مدل و مقایسه با نتایج مدل اولیه مشاهد شد که شرایط اعمال شده الگویابی را تغییر داده و دقت الگویابی را افزایش داده است. در این مقاله مفهوم تاثیر و اهمیت متغیر های وابسته در تعیین الگویابی بحث شده است و با این مفهوم یک مدل الگویابی برای نمایندگی های خدمات پس از فروش خودرو ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile

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244 - آنالیز کارایی هزینه و درآمد غیرمحدب در شبکه دو مرحله ای و کاربرد آن برای فرودگاههای ایران
جواد گرامی محمد رضا مظفری پریسا کامیاب

در دنیای حقیقی ممکن است تصمیم گیرنده بخواهد کارایی هزینه و درآمد را برای واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده موجود در مقابل برای واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده مجازی انجام دهد در اینصورت دیگر نمی توان از مدلهای سنتی تحلیل پوششی داده ها استفاده نمود و باید از مدلهای FDH به منظور ارزیابی کارایی و More

در دنیای حقیقی ممکن است تصمیم گیرنده بخواهد کارایی هزینه و درآمد را برای واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده موجود در مقابل برای واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده مجازی انجام دهد در اینصورت دیگر نمی توان از مدلهای سنتی تحلیل پوششی داده ها استفاده نمود و باید از مدلهای FDH به منظور ارزیابی کارایی واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده استفاده نماییم. در این مقاله مدلهای ارزیابی کارایی درآمد و هزینه را بر اساس مدلهای FDH و مقایسات زوجی توسعه می دهیم. در ادامه مدلهای ارائه شده را برای شبکه دو مرحله ای توسعه میدهیم و مقادیر مطلوب ورودیها و خروجیها را با توجه به قیمت آنها بدست می آوریم. یک الگوریتم برای اندازه گیری کارایی هزینه و درآمد بر اساس نسبت ورودیها و خروجیها ارائه شده است. سرانجام الگوریتم ارائه شده را برای ارزیابی کارایی 13 فرودگاه با ساختار شبکه دو مرحله ای در ایران بدون در نظر گرفتن قید تحدب بکار می بریم. در انتها نتایج حاصل از تحقیق را ارائه میدهیم. Manuscript profile

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245 - مدل BCC تحلیل پوششی داده ها نایقین با درجه باور: یک مطالعه موردی در بانکهای ایرانی
محمد جمشیدی مسعود صانعی علی محمودی راد قاسم توحیدی فرهاد حسین زاده لطفی

تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) به عنوان یک ابزار تحلیلی قوی که در اندازه گیری کارایی نسبی گروهی از واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده (DMUs) با  چندین ورودی ها و خروجی ها مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد، شناخته می شود. مدلهای DEA به ورودی ها و خروجی هایی با اطلاعات دقیق نیاز دارند. با این More

تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) به عنوان یک ابزار تحلیلی قوی که در اندازه گیری کارایی نسبی گروهی از واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده (DMUs) با  چندین ورودی ها و خروجی ها مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد، شناخته می شود. مدلهای DEA به ورودی ها و خروجی هایی با اطلاعات دقیق نیاز دارند. با این حال، در شرایط دنیای واقعی،  ورودی ها و خروجی ها ممکن است ناپایدار و پیچیده باشند،  بنابراین نمی توان به طور دقیق آنها را اندازه گیری کرد. این مسأله منجر به بررسی مدلهای  DEA  نایقین می شود. مدل BCC که در این مقاله مورد مطالعه قرار می گیرد،  در یک محیط نایقین مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است که در آن ورودی ها و خروجی های نایقین، مبتنی بر درجه باور هستند که  برای مواردی که هیچ اطلاعات تاریخی از یک رویداد نامشخص در دسترس نیست ، مفید می باشند. به عنوان یک روش جواب، مدل BCC نایقین، به طور جداگانه به یک مدل قطعی با استفاده از روشهای مقدار مورد انتظار (EV) و روش محدودیت شانس و مقدار مورد انتظار (EVCC) تبدیل می شود.  سرانجام ، یک مثال کاربردی در مورد سیستم بانکی ایران برای شرح روش پیشنهادی ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile

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246 - تحلیل پوششی داده های شبکه ای پنجره ای: کاربرد در شرکت های سرمایه گذاری
P. Peykani E. Mohammadi

تحلیل پوششی داده های شبکه ای یکی از مهم ترین شاخه های تحلیل پوششی داده ها می باشد که به منظور سنجش عملکرد واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده با ساختار داخلی یا شبکه به کار گرفته می شود. در این مطالعه، مدل تحلیل پوششی داده های شبکه ای پنجره ای ارائه می شود که می تواند در حضور داده های More

تحلیل پوششی داده های شبکه ای یکی از مهم ترین شاخه های تحلیل پوششی داده ها می باشد که به منظور سنجش عملکرد واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده با ساختار داخلی یا شبکه به کار گرفته می شود. در این مطالعه، مدل تحلیل پوششی داده های شبکه ای پنجره ای ارائه می شود که می تواند در حضور داده های پانل مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. علاوه بر این ، مدل پیشنهادی برای ارزیابی کارایی پویای 5 شرکت سرمایه گذاری در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران در بازه زمانی 2013 تا 2017 استفاده شده است. نتایج تجربی نشان می دهد که مدل پیشنهادی تحلیل پوششی داده های شبکه ای پنجره ای مؤثر است و استفاده از این مدل ، قابلیت اطمینان نتایج را افزایش می دهد. Manuscript profile

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247 - ساختارهای شبکه دو مرحله‌ای تصادفی تحت P-model: رویکردی مبتنی بر DEA
S. Mehdizadeh A. R. Amirteimoori M. H. Behzadi S. Kordrostami

مدلهای پوششی دادههای شبکهای ، برای محاسبهی کارایی واحدهای تصمیمگیری  با ساختار دو مرحلهای ، نیاز به مجموعه دادههای قطعی دارد. در دنیای واقعی، مشاهدات بسیاری وجود دارد که رفتار تصادفی دارند. در این مقاله با توجه به دادهها More

مدلهای پوششی دادههای شبکهای ، برای محاسبهی کارایی واحدهای تصمیمگیری  با ساختار دو مرحلهای ، نیاز به مجموعه دادههای قطعی دارد. در دنیای واقعی، مشاهدات بسیاری وجود دارد که رفتار تصادفی دارند. در این مقاله با توجه به دادههای تصادفی، مدلهای تحلیل پوششی دادههای شبکهای با ساختار دو مرحلهای ارائه شده است. مدلهای تصادفی شبکه دو مرحلهای مبتنی بر برنامهریزی با محدودیتهای احتمالی و ، توسط مفهوم رهبر-پیرو فرمولبندی شدهاند. بر اساس خصوصیات توزیع احتمال و با فرض تک عاملی مولفههای تصادفی دادهها، فرم احتمالی مدلها به مدل برنامهریزی خطی قطعی معادل تبدیل میشود. علاوه بر این، رابطه بین هر مرحله به عنوان رهبر یا پیرو مورد بحث قرار میگیرد. مطالعه واقعی 16 بانک تجاری در چین برای تأیید کاربرد روشهای پیشنهادی در سطوح اطمینان مختلف مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. Manuscript profile

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248 - فاکتورهای نامطلوب و بهبود کارایی در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
M. Eyni M. Khodadadi

در این مقاله، تعیین سطح خروجی های واحد های تصمیم گیری را با توجه به بهبود کارایی آنها در صورتی که تعدادی از خروجی ها نامطلوب باشند با ارجحیت محدویت های مخروطی بحث و بررسی می شود. وقتی بعضی یا همه مولفه های  سطح ورودی افزایش  یابد  و  سطح کارایی فعلی More

در این مقاله، تعیین سطح خروجی های واحد های تصمیم گیری را با توجه به بهبود کارایی آنها در صورتی که تعدادی از خروجی ها نامطلوب باشند با ارجحیت محدویت های مخروطی بحث و بررسی می شود. وقتی بعضی یا همه مولفه های  سطح ورودی افزایش  یابد  و  سطح کارایی فعلی بهبود یابد سطح خروجیDMU   تخمین زده می شود. برای ارزیابی  سطح خروجی  ها، از تحلیل  پوششی داده های(DEA) معکوس  و مدل برنامه ریزی خطی چندچندهدفه (MOLP) استفاده شده است. روش پیشنهادی با به کاربردن آن در مورد بانک  توضیح داده  می شود. Manuscript profile

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249 - پیش بینی الگو برای واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
مرتضی شفیعی فرهاد حسین زاده لطفی هیلدا صالح

اگرچه تحلیل پوششی دادهها یک ابراز قدرتمند برای ارزیابی عملکرد واحدهای تحت ارزیابی میباشد ولی این تکنیک دارای محدودیتهایی نیز میباشد. به عنوان نمونه یکی از محدودیتهای این روش، ارزیابی عملکرد  سیستم براساس ورودی و خروجیهای قدیم است بنابر More

اگرچه تحلیل پوششی دادهها یک ابراز قدرتمند برای ارزیابی عملکرد واحدهای تحت ارزیابی میباشد ولی این تکنیک دارای محدودیتهایی نیز میباشد. به عنوان نمونه یکی از محدودیتهای این روش، ارزیابی عملکرد  سیستم براساس ورودی و خروجیهای قدیم است بنابراین نتایج ارزیابی بهدست آمده از مدلهای کلاسیک DEA، برای پیش بینی تغییرات کارایی واحدها در آینده و در نتیجه ارایه الگوی مناسب برای رسیدن به یک واحد کارا، کاربردی نمیباشد . بنابراین هدف این مقاله پیشنهاد یک روش جدید به منظور پیش بینی کارایی سیستم براساس ورودی و خروجی شبیه سازی شده با استفاده از سیستم پویا و تکنیکهای شبیه سازی است. زیرا با پیش بینی کارایی واحد تحت ارزیابی، مدیران در یک سیستم میتوانند برنامه ریزی دقیقتری برای آینده داشته باشند. برای این منظور با استفاده از یک حلقه بازخورد، ورودیها و خروجیها در واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده در آینده مورد پیش بینی قرار گرفت سپس با استفاده از مدل CCR و ورودیها و خروجیهای پیشبینی، شده به پیش بینی کارایی واحد تحت ارزیابی پرداختیم. Manuscript profile

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250 - الگویابی بر مبنای تراکم و توسعه پایدار در تحلیل پوششی داده های شبکه ای، مطالعه موردی: 9 زنجیره تامین رب گوجه فرنگی ایران
الهه مولائیان فرهاد حسین زاده لطفی عباس طلوعی اشلاقی محسن رستمی مال خلیفه محمد علی افشار کاظمی

10.30495/ijim.2021.18999

این مقاله در ارتباط با مبحث الگویابی برای واحد تصمیم گیرنده سه مرحله  می باشد. ابتدا تراکم در واحد شناسایی می شود و حذف می گردد، بدین ترتیب مقادیر تعدیل شده برای محصولات میانی و ورودی های اولیه سیستم بدست می آید. این مقادیر تعدیل شده، که منجر به مغلوب کردن مقادیر ج More

این مقاله در ارتباط با مبحث الگویابی برای واحد تصمیم گیرنده سه مرحله  می باشد. ابتدا تراکم در واحد شناسایی می شود و حذف می گردد، بدین ترتیب مقادیر تعدیل شده برای محصولات میانی و ورودی های اولیه سیستم بدست می آید. این مقادیر تعدیل شده، که منجر به مغلوب کردن مقادیر جاری و تعیین کردن نقطه الگو حاصل می شوند، با استفاده از مدل معکوس DEA حاصل می شود که یکی از مهم ترین بخش های این مقاله است. این فرآیند در دو حالت مجزا اتفاق می افتد: حالت اول اینکه کارایی کل سیستم ثابت می ماند و حالت دوم اینکه کارایی کلی سیستم درصدی بهبود دارد. Manuscript profile

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251 - ارائه مدلی جدید برای ارزیابی و رتبه بندی واحدهای تصمیم گیری با داده های ترتیبی
جعفر پورمحمود داود نوروزی

10.30495/ijim.2022.63950.1554

تحلیل پوششی داده های کلاسیک مقادیر ورودی ها و خروجی ها را کاملا مشخص فرض میکند. در حالیکه در اغلب مسایل واقعی مقادیر دقیق ورودی ها و خروجی ها مبهم هستند. یکی از داده های مبهم داده های ترتیبی هستند. در این مقاله مدل جدیدی برای اندازه گیری کارآیی واحدهای تصمیم گیری با داد More

تحلیل پوششی داده های کلاسیک مقادیر ورودی ها و خروجی ها را کاملا مشخص فرض میکند. در حالیکه در اغلب مسایل واقعی مقادیر دقیق ورودی ها و خروجی ها مبهم هستند. یکی از داده های مبهم داده های ترتیبی هستند. در این مقاله مدل جدیدی برای اندازه گیری کارآیی واحدهای تصمیم گیری با داده های ترتیبی ارائه میشود. ایده کلی این مدل آن است که تغییرات کارایی واحدها در ارزیابی باید به اندازه قابل کنترل مجاز باشد. بعلاوه مدل جدیدی برای رتبه بندی واحدهای کارآ بیان می شود. نتایج مدل پیشنهادی با مدل کوپر مقایسه میشود. بنابراین نمرات کارآیی حاصل از مدل پیشنهادی قابل اعتمادتر از نتایج حاصل از مدل کوپر هستند. Manuscript profile

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252 - انتخاب سهام با روش ترکیبی تحلیل پوششی داده ها و الگوریتم رقابت استعماری
F. Faezy Razi

مقاله حاضرچهارچوب جدیدی برای ایجاد یک پرتفوی جدید از سهام ارایه می دهد . در این مقاله بحث می شود که چگونه یک پرتفوی بهینه ی سهام از طریق رویکرد حاضر در مقایسه با روش های قبلی طراحی می شود.در این مقاله ، پرتفوی سرمایه گذاری بر اساس الگوریتم داده کاوی چید بر مبنای معیار ر More

مقاله حاضرچهارچوب جدیدی برای ایجاد یک پرتفوی جدید از سهام ارایه می دهد . در این مقاله بحث می شود که چگونه یک پرتفوی بهینه ی سهام از طریق رویکرد حاضر در مقایسه با روش های قبلی طراحی می شود.در این مقاله ، پرتفوی سرمایه گذاری بر اساس الگوریتم داده کاوی چید بر مبنای معیار ریسک تشکیل می شود.در مرحله ی بعد ، دومین پرتفوی سرمایه گذاری بر مبنای قواعد تصمیم استخراج شده بر مبنای مدل DEA-BCC ایجاد می شود.پرتفوی نهایی از طریق یک مدل برنامه ریزی دو هدفه مبتنی بر الگوریتم رقابت استعماری ایجاد می شود.متدولوژی ارایه شده از طریق یک مطالعه موردی در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران بکار گرفته شده است.نتایج الگوریتم چید بر مبنای فیلد خروجی ریسک نشان می دهد که تمام سهام های کاندیدا در یک کلاس قرار نمی گیرد و ضروری است که هر کلاس از سهام های کاندیدا در مقایسه با سایر کلاس های سهام به صورت مستقل مورد ارزیابی قرار بگیرد.نتایج بکارگیری الگوریتم رقابت استعماری در مقیاس های کوچک و متوسط بر مبنای روش تاگوچی نشان می دهد که سهام های مورد مطالعه در روش بکار گرفته شده کالیبره می باشد.بر خلاف سایر روش های انتخاب پرتفوی سهام ،این مقاله ابتدا سهام ها را از طریق الگوریتم چید طبقه بندی می کند . سهام های طبقه بندی شده در هر کلاس به طور مستقل از طریق مدل DEA-BCC موردارزیابی قرار می گیرد.در نهایت پرتفوی بهینه از طریق الگوریتم رقابت استعماری انتخاب می شود. Manuscript profile

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253 - بازده به مقیاس تعمیم یافته برای مدل های ضربی در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
علیرضا داودی مسعود زارع پیشه رضا فلاح نژاد

در مدل های متعارفی تحلیل پوششی داده ها، مفهوم بازده به مقیاس براساس نسبت متناسب تغییرات خروجی به نسبت تغییرات ورودی به صورت موضعی تعریف می شود. بازده به مقیاس تعمیم یافته به منظور محاسبه نرخ تغییرات خروجی ها به ورودی ها تا رسیدن به الگوی بیشترین اندازه مقیاس بهره وری تع More

در مدل های متعارفی تحلیل پوششی داده ها، مفهوم بازده به مقیاس براساس نسبت متناسب تغییرات خروجی به نسبت تغییرات ورودی به صورت موضعی تعریف می شود. بازده به مقیاس تعمیم یافته به منظور محاسبه نرخ تغییرات خروجی ها به ورودی ها تا رسیدن به الگوی بیشترین اندازه مقیاس بهره وری تعریف می شود. مدلهای ضربی در تحلیل پوششی داده ها مدلهایی هستند که در آنها به جای اصل تحدب در اصول مجموعه امکان تولید، از اصل تحدب هندسی استفاده می شود. در این مقاله روشی را برای تعیین بازده به مقیاس تعمیم یافته برای مدل های ضربی تحلیل پوششی داده ها معرفی کرده و روی مثالی به صورت عددی آن را بررسی خواهیم نمود. علاوه بر آن نشان خواهیم داد چگونه می توان شاخص های غیرقابل کنترل را که تغییرات در آنها در اختیار تصمیم گیرنده نیست، در مدل لحاظ نمود. Manuscript profile

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254 - یک روش DEA فازی برای انتخاب پروژه با استفاده از تحلیل ریسک مطلوب و نا مطلوب
شقایق صادقیان فرهاد حسین زاده لطفی بهروز دانشیان نیما آذرمیر

10.30495/ijim.2022.59776.1508

این مقاله یک مدل مبتنی برDEA برای تحلیل ریسک فازی در انتخاب پروٰژه ارایه می دهد. ما از مفهوم نیم واریانس برای اندازه گیری ریسک بالا و پایین ویک مدل DEAبرای طبقه بندی ریسک مطلوب و نامطلوب استفاده می کنیم. اولا مدل پیشنهادی شامل شاخص های جدید ریسک مطلوب-بازده و ریسک نامطل More

این مقاله یک مدل مبتنی برDEA برای تحلیل ریسک فازی در انتخاب پروٰژه ارایه می دهد. ما از مفهوم نیم واریانس برای اندازه گیری ریسک بالا و پایین ویک مدل DEAبرای طبقه بندی ریسک مطلوب و نامطلوب استفاده می کنیم. اولا مدل پیشنهادی شامل شاخص های جدید ریسک مطلوب-بازده و ریسک نامطلوب-بازده است.بنابراین یک مدل جدید برای ارزیابی و طبقه بندی ریسک مطلوب و نامطلوب ارایه شده است. ونهایتا به یک مدل DEAفازی برای انتخاب پورتفولیو پروژه توسعه داده شده است. یک مثال کاربردی با ۳۷ پروژه در دسترس برای توضبح و کاربردی بودن روش پیشتهادی ارایه شده است. Manuscript profile

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255 - ارائه یک مدل هدف‌گذاری مبتنی بر کارایی در ساختارهای سِری K مرحله‌ای
M. Homayounfar AR. Amirteimoori M. Goudarzvand- Chegini

تحلیل پوششی دادهها به عنوان یک رویکرد اثربخش در ارزیابی کارایی نسبی واحدهای تصمیمگیرنده، اخیراً در ارائه برنامههای تولید در قالب تخصیص منابع و هدفگذاری در بسیاری از سیستمهای تولیدی و عملیاتی مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. اغلب این سیستمها دار More

تحلیل پوششی دادهها به عنوان یک رویکرد اثربخش در ارزیابی کارایی نسبی واحدهای تصمیمگیرنده، اخیراً در ارائه برنامههای تولید در قالب تخصیص منابع و هدفگذاری در بسیاری از سیستمهای تولیدی و عملیاتی مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. اغلب این سیستمها دارای ساختار شبکهای هستند که در آنها خروجیهای یک مرحله خاص، شاخصهای واسطهای هستند که ورودیهای مرحله بعد را تشکیل میدهند. این مقاله یک مدل برنامهریزی خطی چند هدفه مبتنی بر تحلیل پوششی دادههای K مرحلهای را که خروجیهای نامطلوب را مورد توجه قرار میدهد، برای هدفگذاری در ساختارهای شبکهای سری ارائه میدهد. از آنجاییکه مدل پیشنهادی در هنگام ارائه ترکیب ورودیها / خروجیها، اندازه واحدهای تحت ارزیابی را مورد توجه قرار میدهد، برنامه جدید شدنی بودن نتایج را تضمین میکند. یک مثال واقعی از یک سیستم تولیدی برای نشان دادن کاربرد مدل پیشنهاد شده، استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان میدهند که بر اساس برنامه جدید، همه امتیازات کارایی بهبود یافتهاند. Manuscript profile

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256 - تحلیل پوششی داده ها و شاخص مالم کوئیست برای اندازه گیری بهره وری واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده ناکارا
ملیحه شاهکویی فرزاد رضایی بالف محسن ربانی مهدی فلاح جلودار

10.30495/ijim.2022.64370.1561

تحلیل پوششی داده ها، یک تکنیک برنامه ریزی ریاضی ناپارامتریک برای ارزیابی کارایی مجموعه ای از واحدهای تصمیم گیری همگن است، به طوری که واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده را به دو گروه کارا و ناکارا ارزیابی می شوند. با توجه به هزینه های سرسام آور برای مدیریت DMU ها یا سازمان ها، نگهداری More

تحلیل پوششی داده ها، یک تکنیک برنامه ریزی ریاضی ناپارامتریک برای ارزیابی کارایی مجموعه ای از واحدهای تصمیم گیری همگن است، به طوری که واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده را به دو گروه کارا و ناکارا ارزیابی می شوند. با توجه به هزینه های سرسام آور برای مدیریت DMU ها یا سازمان ها، نگهداری برخی از سازمان های زیان ده مقرون به صرفه نیست. بنابراین یکی از دغدغه های مدیران در بحث مربوط به مشکلات مالی سازمان ها، حفظ یا ادغام یا حذف سازمان های ناکارا (DMU های ناکارا) است. بنابراین، در این مقاله ما بهره‌ وری واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده ناکارا را با استفاده از شاخص بهره‌وری مالم کوئیست اصلاح شده اندازه‌ گیری می‌کنیم تا بر اساس آن تصمیم حفظ یا ادغام یا حذف واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده ناکارا توسط تصمیم‌ گیرندگان گرفته شود. Manuscript profile

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257 - مساله میانه و مرکز کارا: یک مدل برنامه ریزی صحیح توام دوهدفه
طاهره سیار جعفر فتحلی مجتبی غیاثی

در این مقاله ما یک مساله جدید از ادغام مساله مکانیابی و کارایی را ارائه می کنیم. هدف ما در این مساله، پیدا کردن یک مکان کارا در صفحه است. در نهایت  به یک ترکیب جدید از ادغام مساله مکانیابی و تحلیل پوششی داده ها دست می یابیم. در این مقاله ما تفاوت کارخود را با سایر More

در این مقاله ما یک مساله جدید از ادغام مساله مکانیابی و کارایی را ارائه می کنیم. هدف ما در این مساله، پیدا کردن یک مکان کارا در صفحه است. در نهایت  به یک ترکیب جدید از ادغام مساله مکانیابی و تحلیل پوششی داده ها دست می یابیم. در این مقاله ما تفاوت کارخود را با سایر کارهایی که در این زمینه انجام شده است را شرح می دهیم. سپس یک مدل برنامه ریزی دو هدفه را برای مساله یک میانه کارا و یک مرکز کارا ارائه می دهیم. Manuscript profile

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258 - یک تجزیه جدید از کارایی هزینه بر اساس مجموعه های امکان تولید قیمتی و هزینه ای در فضای غیررقابتی در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
رضا فلاح نژاد الهام رضایی حزاوه

10.30495/ijim.2021.19052

شناسایی منابع مختلف ناکارایی، نقش مهمی در تحلیل عملکرد با هدف توسعه برنامه‌هایی برای بهبود تصمیم‌گیری ایفا می‌کند. در این راستا نه تنها کارایی فنی، هزینه ای و تخصیصی را می توان با اطلاعات ورودی ها و خروجی ها و قیمت آنها تخمین زد، بلکه می توان زیان های ناشی از عدم سود، د More

شناسایی منابع مختلف ناکارایی، نقش مهمی در تحلیل عملکرد با هدف توسعه برنامه‌هایی برای بهبود تصمیم‌گیری ایفا می‌کند. در این راستا نه تنها کارایی فنی، هزینه ای و تخصیصی را می توان با اطلاعات ورودی ها و خروجی ها و قیمت آنها تخمین زد، بلکه می توان زیان های ناشی از عدم سود، درآمد و هزینه بهینه را نیز بر اساس ناکارای های مربوطه محاسبه کرد.  مقاله حاضر قصد دارد تخمین جدیدی از کارایی هزینه و منابع تلفات در کارایی کل در یک محیط غیر رقابتی که امکان تغییر قیمت ورودی ها و خروجی ها از یک واحد تصمیم گیری وجود دارد، را ارائه دهد. در راستای مطالعات(Tone. K., Tsutsui, M. "Decomposition of Cost Efficiency and its Application to Japanese-Us Electric Utility Comparisons". Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 47 (2007), pp.91-106)و(Tone .K, "A Strange Case of the Cost and Allocative Efficiencies in DEA". Journal of the Operational Research Society 53, (2002), pp.1225-1231)مطالعه حاضر به دنبال معرفی منابع جدید ناکارایی و زیان های مرتبط با آنها توسط ارائه مجموعه های امکان تولید جدید مبتنی بر قیمت و هزینه می باشد.  Manuscript profile

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259 - یک روش عملی با رویکرد وزن‌های مشترک برای رتبه‌بندی واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده در تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها
محمدجواد رضائیانی علی اصغر فروغی

چند روش برای یافتن وزن‌های مشترک در تاریخچه تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها وجود دارد. اما بیشتر آن‌ها بر اساس مدل‌های پیچیده هستند. در این مقاله، یک روش عملی جدید برای به دست آوردن مجموعه‌ای از وزن‌های مشترک ارائه می‌شود. به کمک چند مثال عددی، نتایج روش جدید با نتایج برخی از روش‌ه More

چند روش برای یافتن وزن‌های مشترک در تاریخچه تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها وجود دارد. اما بیشتر آن‌ها بر اساس مدل‌های پیچیده هستند. در این مقاله، یک روش عملی جدید برای به دست آوردن مجموعه‌ای از وزن‌های مشترک ارائه می‌شود. به کمک چند مثال عددی، نتایج روش جدید با نتایج برخی از روش‌های موجود مقایسه می‌شود. Manuscript profile

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260 - کارایی تصادفی مبتنی بر مدل وزن مشترک در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
مرضیه قاسمی محمدرضا ظفری محسن رستمی مال خلیفه محمدحسن بهزادی

10.30495/ijim.2022.19278

تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) روشی برای ارزیابی عملکرد مجموعه ای از واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده (DMU) متجانس با چندین ورودی و چندین خروجی می باشد. . مدل های مختلفی برای محاسبه کارایی در DEA وجود دارند که یکی از آن ها، مدل مجموعه وزن های مشترک (CSW) می باشد، که به طور گسترده ای توس More

تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) روشی برای ارزیابی عملکرد مجموعه ای از واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده (DMU) متجانس با چندین ورودی و چندین خروجی می باشد. . مدل های مختلفی برای محاسبه کارایی در DEA وجود دارند که یکی از آن ها، مدل مجموعه وزن های مشترک (CSW) می باشد، که به طور گسترده ای توسط افراد و متخصصان DEA مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. در تحلیل پوششی داده های کلاسیک تمام مقادیر ورودی ها و خروجی ها به طور دقیق مشخص می باشند. با این حال این فرض ممکن است در مسائل کاربردی همواره برقرار نباشد. یکی از روش های مهم برای مقابله با داده های نامشخص، بررسی داده های تصادفی در DEA است. این مقاله مدل مجموعه وزن های مشترک را برای حالتی که ورودی ها و خروجی ها تصادفی هستند، توسعه می دهد. سپس مدل تصادفی وزن مشترک (SCSW) به یک مدل قطعی غیر خطی تبدیل می گردد. پس از آن مدل قطعی به یک مدل برنامه ریزی درجه دوم تبدیل می شود. . کارایی به دست آمده با استفاده از داده های تصادفی را کارایی تصادفی می نامیم. مفهوم ارائه شده در این مقاله با مثال عددی که مربوط به شعبه های یک بانک ایرانی است نشان داده می شود. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

261 - به حداکثر رساندن کارایی کل با تخصیص مجدد منابع در DEA: مطالعه موردی در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
عصمت نوروزی الهه صرفی

10.30495/ijim.2021.19031

تجزیه و تحلیل پوششی داده ها یک تکنیک مبتنی بر برنامه ریزی ریاضی برای تعیین کارایی واحدهای تصمیم گیری (DMU) است. در برخی موارد ، مدیر قصد ندارد یک منبع جدید اضافه کند ، بلکه یکی از منابع قبلی را مجدداً تخصیص می دهد. تخصیص مجدد منابع ممکن است با اهداف مختلف انجام شود و مز More

تجزیه و تحلیل پوششی داده ها یک تکنیک مبتنی بر برنامه ریزی ریاضی برای تعیین کارایی واحدهای تصمیم گیری (DMU) است. در برخی موارد ، مدیر قصد ندارد یک منبع جدید اضافه کند ، بلکه یکی از منابع قبلی را مجدداً تخصیص می دهد. تخصیص مجدد منابع ممکن است با اهداف مختلف انجام شود و مزایای متفاوتی داشته باشد. به عنوان مثال ، بدون افزودن منبع جدید و تنها با استفاده از منابع یکسان ، آیا می توان بازده یک واحد را افزایش داد یا حتی کارایی کل سیستم را افزایش داد؟ در این مقاله ، یک مدل ریاضی ارائه شده است که می تواند برای تخصیص مجدد یکی از منابع موجود قبلی بین واحدها به گونه ای استفاده شود که کارایی کل واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده به حداکثر مقدار ممکن برسد. در این مدل ، به منظور جلوگیری از کاهش بیش از حد سهم هر واحد از منبع مورد نظر ، محدودیت هایی در نظر گرفته شده است. در این محدودیت ها ، حد پایینی برای سهم هر واحد مشخص شده است. همچنین ، تخصیص مجدد منابع به احتمال زیاد منجر به تغییراتی در مقادیر خروجی واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده می شود. در مدل ارائه شده ، برخی از محدودیت ها در نظر گرفته می شوند که حد بالایی را برای خروجی های تولید شده توسط واحدها مشخص می کند. محدودیت های دیگری در این مدل وجود دارد. اول این که سهم کل واحدها از منبع مورد نظر نباید از مقدار موجود آن بیشتر باشد و دوم این که کل خروجی تولید شده توسط همه واحدها باید حداقل برابر کل خروجی تولید شده قبل از تخصیص مجدد باشد. مدل ارائه شده در این مقاله ، علاوه بر در نظر گرفتن محدودیت های توصیف شده ، که همه آنها اجتناب ناپذیر هستند ، به یک مدل برنامه ریزی خطی تبدیل شده است که توسط بسیاری از نرم افزارهای موجود قابل حل است. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

262 - کاربرد بلاک چین خصوصی جهت افزایش امنیت در اینترنت اشیا
رضوان محمودیه سعید پارسا امیر مسعود رحمانی

10.30495/ijim.2022.65634.1574

بلاک چین (BC) به دلیل تغییر ناپذیری و مزایای امنیتی و حفظ حریم خصوصی مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته است. BC پتانسیل رسیدگی به مسائل امنیتی و حریم خصوصی اینترنت اشیا (IoT) را دارد. از سوی دیگر، BC از نظر محاسباتی گران است، مقیاس پذیری محدودی دارد و هزینه های سربار و تاخیرهای More

بلاک چین (BC) به دلیل تغییر ناپذیری و مزایای امنیتی و حفظ حریم خصوصی مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته است. BC پتانسیل رسیدگی به مسائل امنیتی و حریم خصوصی اینترنت اشیا (IoT) را دارد. از سوی دیگر، BC از نظر محاسباتی گران است، مقیاس پذیری محدودی دارد و هزینه های سربار و تاخیرهای پهنای باند قابل توجهی را متحمل می شود که آن را برای استفاده در اینترنت اشیا نامناسب می کند. در این مطالعه، ما روشی را پیشنهاد می کنیم که BC را برای استفاده در محیط IOT بهینه می کند. ما یک ساختار سلسله مراتبی ارائه می کنیم که از یک BC خصوصی برای افزایش مقیاس پذیری، کاهش سربار شبکه و تاخیر استفاده می کند. در روش پیشنهادی، دستگاه‌هایی با منابع سطح بالا، شبکه‌ای به نام شبکه همپوشانی بر روی دستگاه‌هایی با منابع سطح پایین ایجاد می‌کنند. اعضای شبکه همپوشانی BC را مدیریت می کنند. چیدمان مدیران بلوک در سطح شبکه همپوشانی دو بعدی است که تمرکز را از مدیریت IOT حذف می کند. ما از تکنیک اعتماد و رای گیری از همسایگان مستقیم برای کاهش ترافیک شبکه و هزینه های سربار استفاده می کنیم. استفاده از عواملی مانند اعتماد، تشویق و جریمه مدیران بلاک در شبکه همپوشانی، تراکنش های دقیق در IOT را تضمین می کند. ما از الگوریتم جدید احراز هویت مدیر بلوک برای احراز هویت در شبکه همپوشانی استفاده می کنیم. نتایج شبیه‌سازی نشان می‌دهد که الگوریتم پیشنهادی سربار بسته و تاخیر در ارائه خدمات را کاهش می‌دهد و مقیاس‌پذیری BC را در مقایسه با سیستمی که از پایه BC استفاده می‌کند، افزایش می‌دهد. علاوه بر این، از آنجا که در الگوریتم پیشنهادی، تعداد مدیران بلوک موثر در رای‌گیری به همسایگان مستقیم محدود می‌شود، میانگین زمان تایید یک بلوک به میزان قابل توجهی کاهش می‌یابد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

263 - طراحی مدل ارزیابی کارایی شبکه ای تولید دو مرحله ای، با خروجی مطلوب و نامطلوب (مطالعه موردی صنعت تولید کره)
عاطفه شیروانی امیر عزیزی

10.30495/ijim.2022.65237.1568

تعیین و سنجش کارایی، راهبردی مهم در تصمیم گیری‌ها می باشد با توجه به شفاف نبودن میزان کارایی مراحل تولید در واحدهای تولیدکره گیری، هدف این پژوهش، طراحی مدل تحلیل پوششی داده ها برای ارزیابی کارایی مراحل تولید این واحدها میباشد.روش این پژوهش، که نوآوری این پژوهش برای این More

تعیین و سنجش کارایی، راهبردی مهم در تصمیم گیری‌ها می باشد با توجه به شفاف نبودن میزان کارایی مراحل تولید در واحدهای تولیدکره گیری، هدف این پژوهش، طراحی مدل تحلیل پوششی داده ها برای ارزیابی کارایی مراحل تولید این واحدها میباشد.روش این پژوهش، که نوآوری این پژوهش برای این جامعه پژوهشی میباشد بدین صورت است که، با الگوگیری از مدل تحلیل پوششی داده های شبکه ای خلیلی و شهمیر(2015) مدلی برای ارزیابی کارایی سیستم تولید دو مرحله ای با خروجی مطلوب و نامطلوب، ارایـه گردیده است .بدین منظور، با استفاده از داده های دقیق و قطعی سال1399 مربوط به بیست کارخانه تولید کره، با تحلیل پوششی داده های شبکه‌ای، کارایی مراحل دوگانه به صورت جداگانه و به صورت یکپارچه ارزیابی گردید. در پایان مرحله اول، دو نوع خروجی مطلوب وجود دارد یک خروجی مطلوب خامه صبحانه وجود دارد که وارد مرحله دوم تولید نمی شود و برای فروش به بازار عرضه می گردد و یک خروجی مطلوب دیگر، خامه پاستوریزه می باشد که به مرحله دوم تولید منتقل می شود. در پایان مرحله دوم، یک خروجی مطلوب یعنی کره بسته بندی شده و یک خروجی نامطلوب که دوغ کره می باشد، به دست می آید.کارایی تمامی بیست واحد مورد ارزیابی و مقایسه قرار گرفتند. بنا به کارایی فرآیند کل، تنها یک واحد کارا وجود دارد . بنا به کارایی مرحله اول، نیز تنها یک واحد کارا از بین بیست واحد وجود دارد و بنا به مرحله دوم، دو واحد کارا وجود دارند. نتیجه ای که گرفته شده است این می باشد که این صنعت در استانهای تهران و البرز، دارای ناکارآمدی زیادی در مراحل تولید می‌باشد و لزوم توجه مدیران این صنعت برای افزایش کارایی، الزامی است. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

264 - یک الگوریتم برای ابرصفحه های سازای ضعیف PPS در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
علی اکبر بانی محسن رستمی مالخلیفه فرهاد حسین زاده لطفی

10.30495/ijim.2022.66477.1586

در تحلیل پوششی داده ها، نقاط مرزی مجموعه امکان تولید از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردارند. هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه روشی برای یافتن ابر صفحه های ضعیف مدل های DEA به کمک نقاط اتکا است. نقاط اتکا یک زیر مجموعه مهمی از مجموعه نقاط کارای رأسی مجموعه امکان تولید در DEA می باشد. آن ها با More

در تحلیل پوششی داده ها، نقاط مرزی مجموعه امکان تولید از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردارند. هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه روشی برای یافتن ابر صفحه های ضعیف مدل های DEA به کمک نقاط اتکا است. نقاط اتکا یک زیر مجموعه مهمی از مجموعه نقاط کارای رأسی مجموعه امکان تولید در DEA می باشد. آن ها با ابرصفحه های سازای ضعیف در مجموعه امکان تولید در ارتباط مستقیم هستند. بنابراین، ما از این خاصیت استفاده کردیم و یک الگوریتم کاربردی برای شناسایی ابرصفحه های سازای ضعیف PPS پیشنهاد کردیم. در نهایت، الگوریتم مان را به وسیله دو مثال عددی مورد ارزیابی قرار می دهیم. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

265 - Preparing Ghoorichay Catchment Land Cover Map Using Satellite Image Analysis
Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Dariush Naseri

Background: Land use/land cover has long been considered for natural resource planning and management and remote sensing techniques are the best tools to produce land use/cover maps. There are various methods for preparing land use maps. Objective: The purpose of this More

Background: Land use/land cover has long been considered for natural resource planning and management and remote sensing techniques are the best tools to produce land use/cover maps. There are various methods for preparing land use maps. Objective: The purpose of this study is to prepare a land cover map of Ghoorichay watershed using processing and classification of satellite images, which is one of the most important watersheds of Ardabil province. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, Landsat 8 satellite images related to June 2015 were classified using supervised maximum likelihood and fuzzy classification methods. Results: The results showed that rangelands, bare lands, dry lands, and residential lands (village) are the major land uses in the area, respectively. According to the results, maximum likelihood method with kappa coefficient of 0.82 and overall accuracy of %88 is more accurate than fuzzy classification method with kappa coefficient of 0.81 and overall accuracy of %87. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, despite the high capability of satellite images in the preparation of land use map, in order to increase the accuracy of classification, peripheral parameters should be used. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

266 - Range classification and evaluation using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Normalized Difference Vegetatiosn Index (NDVI) (Case study: Hablehrood subwatershed of shahrabad basin)
Khadijeh abolfathi Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Mohammad Rezvani

Evaluation of canopy rate, production, condition and trends of rangeland is important because of their role in preservation of water and soil resources. The aim of this research is to range classification and evaluation of rangelands of some part of Hable rood catchment More

Evaluation of canopy rate, production, condition and trends of rangeland is important because of their role in preservation of water and soil resources. The aim of this research is to range classification and evaluation of rangelands of some part of Hable rood catchment using Geographical Information System (GIS( and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index .To do it, range classification was done using field work with Physiognomic- Floristic method along with vegetation sampling in a Stratified random sampling form. To define the condition and trends of the rangelands, the methods named four-factor and orientations were used in row. In this research, to increase the accuracy of the border of final vegetation types, land form unit map and composition of land form unit map with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) map were used in ArcGIS 9.3 surrounding and the border of vegetation types were corrected. Land use map is provided using fuzzy method in the ERDAS IMAGINE software, and then, using Normalized Difference Vegetation index and field work, with respect to the canopy density the rangeland were divided to the three classes named dense range, semi dense range and low dense range. The results indicated the separation of for vegetation types. Also, rangeland was divided to the three categories named good, moderate and weak rangeland with respect to the vegetation canopy. The type named Astragalus spp_ Artemisia sieberi has a moderate condition while the 3 other types have weak condition. Also, all of the 4 vegetation types in the studied area have minus trend. Using GIS and vegetation index can be an effective tool in vegetation type and classification with high accuracy Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

267 - Comparing fuzzy and maximum likelihood methods to land cover mapping in Gandoman wetland using Landsat satellite data
Leila Samiee Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Mohammad Rezvani

  Preparation of land use and land cover maps in order to inform from land use and planning with optimal planning one of the basic measures to achieve sustainabll developement. This issue is more important in sensitive areas and particularly in wetland due to depe More

  Preparation of land use and land cover maps in order to inform from land use and planning with optimal planning one of the basic measures to achieve sustainabll developement. This issue is more important in sensitive areas and particularly in wetland due to dependence of hydrologic and biogeological performance of them to surface and groundwater flows and their status in the landscape. Nowdays, many algorithms have developed to compare maps of land use / cover maps. The aim of this study is comparison of two methods of maximum likelihood and fuzzy method for preparation of land use/cover maps in Gandoman international wetland and the land around it using Landsat images. For this study, Images (2014) were used related to landsat. Based on obtained results the study area was classified into farmland, bare land, rangeland and lagoon. Thereafter overall accuracy and kappa computed for each land use. Finally results showed that fuzzy method more accurately produced land were used than maximum probability method. The result can be staded maps of land use fuzzy algorithm with overall accuracy 86،70 and kappa coefficient 0.79 to maximum likelihood in overall accuracy 81.20 and kappa coefficient is 0.71, higher accuracy.   Comparing fuzzy and maximum likelihood methods to land cover mapping in Gandoman wetland using Landsat satellite data Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

268 - Windthrow Effects on Biodiversity of Natural Forest Ecosystem in Local Scale
yahya Kooch seyed mohsen Hosseini jahangard Mohammadi seyeid mohammad Hojjati

Windthrow in forest ecosystems is due to different microsites creation that can be effective on biodiversity of plant elements. Canopy gaps and pit – mounds (PMs) creation are the most common microsites.Current reseach was considered to investigate More

Windthrow in forest ecosystems is due to different microsites creation that can be effective on biodiversity of plant elements. Canopy gaps and pit – mounds (PMs) creation are the most common microsites.Current reseach was considered to investigate of the effect of these microsites on diversity, richness and evenness parameters. For this purpose, twenty hectare areas considered in the Tarbiat Modares University Experimental Forest Station that is located in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Twenty one canopy gaps with thirty four uprooted trees were found in these areas. Line transect method was used for sampling and plant abundances were also recorded in canopy gaps. Circles plots with radius of 4 meter in intersection of PMs and 20 - 30 meter distance far from PM position were designed for recording cover percent of herbaceous plants. The diversity  parameters were significantly different in canopy gaps areas. Biodiversity indices amounts had ascending trend with increasing of canopy gaps areas. PMs were significantly effective on diversity parameters also. Diversity and evenness indices showed significantly increasing on PMs position.Richness was increased on PMs, but no significant statistically difference was considered. The obtained results are indicating windthrow is effective on plant community's dynamics, which should be considered in forest management Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

269 - Land cover mapping of Roudbar-e Qasran (Shemiranat County) using Remote Sensing
Fatemeh Karami-ghahi Marzieh Alikhah- Asl Mohammad Rezvani Fatemeh Bokaeian

One of the most important issues of urban and regional development throughout the world is land use and planning for its sustainability. Nowadays, organization of land use and understanding of land cover situation is a great importance due to the increasing development More

One of the most important issues of urban and regional development throughout the world is land use and planning for its sustainability. Nowadays, organization of land use and understanding of land cover situation is a great importance due to the increasing development of cities and imbalance in the spatial distribution of users. Remote sensing techniques are the best application to extract the land use map. So in this study, for preparing the map of land use a Supervised Classification Technique and the Maximum Likelihood Classification Algorithm were used. The study area is located in the Roudbar-e Qasran region of Shemiranat county and in this research the Landsat-8 satellite images (June) of the OLI sensor in 2015 was used. The results showed that the barren lands, rangelands, man-made and farms comprise the largest area of use, respectively. To evaluate the accuracy of the classifications carried out, the total accuracy and Kappa coefficient were determined by 97.74% and 0.92%, respectively, representing the high resolution of Landsat images to map the land use. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

270 - Muslim woman etiquette based on verses and hadiths
hosein rahmani

10.30495/qsf.2022.1931697.2559

Abstract In a general view, the verses of the Qur'an are divided into three categories: doctrinal and fundamental teachings, jurisprudential rules, and moral do's and don'ts. Each verse of the Qur'an directly or indirectly seeks a thematic representation of these t More

Abstract In a general view, the verses of the Qur'an are divided into three categories: doctrinal and fundamental teachings, jurisprudential rules, and moral do's and don'ts. Each verse of the Qur'an directly or indirectly seeks a thematic representation of these three categories of verses. Jurisprudential and moral verses can be divided into three categories of verses for men, women and common between the two. Due to the creative differences between men and women; Both natural, social and spiritual, their duties and responsibilities are sometimes different and different. According to the Qur'an, men and women are equal in terms of human identity and spiritual and faith benefits. However, in the Qur'an, with one exception, God does not address women, especially in the verses of social and family rulings, where the direct addressee of the verses of men is always mentioned as a woman with an absent form. Due to the fact that verses for women have received less attention and research and less discourse has been done about it. In this article, an attempt has been made to extract verses related to the rules and morals of women in the personal, family and social fields, and the views of the great Shiite commentators on these verses have been expressed and the desired ruling has been announced. Manuscript profile

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271 - PATHOLOGY OF THE CULTURAL ROOTS OF HIJAB IN THE UNIVERSITIES OF THE CITY OF YAZD
Mohammad Reza Shayegh

The present article studies the roots of weakness in the veil of the women in the Islamic society and the ways this problem could be treated. Some assumptions have been made as basis of this research. The important finding of this article is that as opposed to the assum More

The present article studies the roots of weakness in the veil of the women in the Islamic society and the ways this problem could be treated. Some assumptions have been made as basis of this research. The important finding of this article is that as opposed to the assumptions that the sample population lack religious views, they have strong religious beliefs and the main reasons are as follows: - Lack of propaganda for religion Misunderstanding of the concept of reincarnation and not lack of understanding Westernization Impact of satellite TV networks Impact of rein less music - Impact of wrong models  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

272 - The Quality of Women’s Hijab based on Verses and Hadiths
Hossein Rahmani Tirkolaee

Women in the Dark Age lacked the necessary human dignity, and the degrading or instrumental view of them made them a commodity for the pursuit of greater interests. With the advent of Islam, a wide range of rulings were placed in order to restore the dignity of women, t More

Women in the Dark Age lacked the necessary human dignity, and the degrading or instrumental view of them made them a commodity for the pursuit of greater interests. With the advent of Islam, a wide range of rulings were placed in order to restore the dignity of women, the most important of which was the issue of hijab. Proper culture-building of this issue in society requires a correct and comprehensive understanding of this issue, which has forced the author to explain the quality of women's hijab in this study. This study includes the analysis of women's adornment, the quality of their clothing and the quality of looking at them, and the author has concluded that God has bequeathed beauties in women that expressing them in front of foreign eyes has caused widespread corruption in the individual and social fields. For this reason, the Verses and hadiths have explained the quality of women's clothing in terms of the mission of femininity and the quality of looking at them in terms of the mission of masculinity in order to achieve this important goal. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

273 - مقایسه شاخص‌های رشد باکتری‌های هوازی و بی‌هوازی و خواص حسی گوشت مرغ تازه چرخ شده نگهداری شده در انواع بسته‌بندی اتمسفر اصلاح شده و اسانس رزماری
نازنین زند مهناز هاشمی روان صدرا صالح

10.30495/jvm.2022.1934595.1179

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274 - بررسی کیفیت فیله مرغ تازه پوشش دهی شده با کاراگینان - اسانس پونه کوهی (Mentha longifolia) تحت بسته بندی با اتمسفر اصلاح شده
سپیده کیانی قلعه سرد علی فضل آرا مریم قادری مهدی پور مهدی بروجنی

10.30495/jvm.2023.1957094.1205

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275 - ارزیابی کارایی شاخص‌های کیفیت زندگی شهری (مطالعه موردی: نواحی شهر تهران)
مهدی مدیری سید احمد حسینی دیمن کاشفی دوست

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276 - مکان‌یابی بهینه و کارای احداث کارخانه کنسانتره دام و طیور در شهرستان میامی هم‌راستا با متغیرهای جغرافیای صنعتی-اقتصادی و آمایش استان سمنان
طاهره سیار مجتبی غیاثی جعفر فتحعلی سعید آیباغی اصفهانی

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277 - توسعه واحدهای مرغداری گوشتی منطقه بستک با تاکید بر کارآیی در راستای توسعه اقتصادی منطقه
وحید دهباشی محمد خیری مرضیه سیوندی

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278 - تاثیر نوع محصول (گندم و پسته) و خصوصیات خاک (عمق، بافت و محتوای نیتروژن) بر مقدار ترسیب کربن
احد مدنی مجتبی حسن زاده نسرین صداقتی

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279 - -
سمیه رستمی ahmad moradkhani محمدرضا سالاری فر سید محمد شفیعی

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- Manuscript profile

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280 - Investigating the Role of Dandar in the Cultural Identity of the Men of the Safavid Age, Based on Sa'eb Tabrizi Poetry
nasrin rezazadeh maryam mohammadzadeh ramin sadeginejad

10.30495/dk.2020.679749

In examining the identity of the body, such as cover and makeup, wear, and moreover, upper underwear, especially the cover, such as gown and color, sex, shape, size and makeup, play a significant role in identity formation, in comparison with other cloths. The culture o More

In examining the identity of the body, such as cover and makeup, wear, and moreover, upper underwear, especially the cover, such as gown and color, sex, shape, size and makeup, play a significant role in identity formation, in comparison with other cloths. The culture of men has been in different societies. One of the most influential cultural-social effects of this identity is Safavid era. The main question of this article, which we are seeking to find a response in a descriptive-documentary way, is that the poetry of the Safavid period, as an important part of the documents and historical sources, can play; the role of the dressing and arrangement in creating and forming an identity Cultural society among men in this period? The findings of this research show that Safavid era poetry, especially Saeb Tabrizi, is one of the richest sources and documents for historical-social studies, including cover and makeup, and the most important and most significant identity coverage The section of men is in the Safavid era. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

281 - Effect of cover crops and metribuzin herbicide on weed seed bank of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in conservation and convention tillage systems
Goudarz Ahmadvand Somayeh Hajinia

To investigate the effects of cover crop and metribuzin herbicide on weed seed bank of potato in different tillage systems, the experiment was carried out as a split- split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Station More

To investigate the effects of cover crop and metribuzin herbicide on weed seed bank of potato in different tillage systems, the experiment was carried out as a split- split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Station of Agricultural Faculty of Bu-Ali Sina University, 2013. The treatments included tillage systems at two levels (conventional tillage and minimum tillage) as main plots, three levels of cover crop (Vetch (vica villosa roth), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and without cover crops) as subplot, and two levels of metribuzin herbicide (with herbicide and no herbicide) as sub-sub plots. The results showed that the application of metribuzin herbicide reduced seed bank density of weeds. Seed bank density of weeds reduced with application of metribuzin herbicide was about 33.62 percent, compared to no herbicide. Application of cover crops in the minimum and conventional tillage reduced seed bank density of weeds 44.43 and 54.88 percent, respectively, compared to no cover crops. The use of barley and vetch cover cover decreased the richness index of seed bank of weeds. Metribuzin herbicide in the minimum and conventional tillage in comparison to control treatment decreased 23.22 and 71.51 percent the richness index of the weed species. Cover crops decreased by 24.60 and 23.13 percent in conventional tillage and minimum indices of Shannon-Weiner weeds. The decrease in the Shannon-Weiner index with application of herbicides and cover crop in the conventional and minimum tillage was 85.17 and 32.66 percent, respectively, compared to no cover crops. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

282 - A Study of Efficient and Inefficient Olympic Federations Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Mohammad Alimardani

The purpose of the present research is to study efficient and inefficient Olympic federations using data envelopment analysis. This study is descriptive and retrospective and its data have been collected using field research. The statistical population consisted of 25 O More

The purpose of the present research is to study efficient and inefficient Olympic federations using data envelopment analysis. This study is descriptive and retrospective and its data have been collected using field research. The statistical population consisted of 25 Olympic federations in the country and due to limited population, total sampling was used in the research. The data related to these federations in 1395 were collected. In order to determine the efficiency of the federations, data envelopment analysis was used. In data envelopment analysis, the first step is to determine the research input and output. To this aim, indices (strategies) of the federations determined by balanced scorecards were distributed throughout a questionnaire. In order to determine whether the evaluation indices are input or output, Chi-squared test was used and for recognizing unfavorable output factors of inefficient federations, output-centered CCR and BCC methods were used. SPSS and DEA SOLVER software were used for data analysis. The research results showed that with 95% certainty, from among 9 strategies (evaluation indices) in Olympic federations, 4 strategies are input and 5 strategies are output. Moreover, 7 federations in the CCR model and 6 federations in the BCC model were assessed to be inefficient. Manuscript profile

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283 - Energy Coverage Control in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Gravity Search Algorithm
Hamed Aminzadeh Abbasali Rezaee

Sensor networks have found many applications in different branches of science. A sensor grid is made up of a large number of small sensors. These sensors help each other to provide information about the sensory field. One of the major issues in sensor networks is the pr More

Sensor networks have found many applications in different branches of science. A sensor grid is made up of a large number of small sensors. These sensors help each other to provide information about the sensory field. One of the major issues in sensor networks is the problem of coverage. The problem of coverage explores the answer to the question of how far the physical environment of a sensor network is properly monitored by the nodes of the network. The importance of this issue is to the extent that it is considered as one of the parameters of the quality of service in such networks. In all cases, the need for the methods that can accurately calculate network coverage is well known. In this paper, we try to provide an optimal solution to the problem of coverage in a wireless sensor network with the help of a modified gravitational search algorithm. Manuscript profile

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284 - The Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles Concentration on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of Ni-Fe Permalloy and Ni-Fe-TiO2 Nanocomposite Coatings Produced by Pulse Electro Co-deposotion
E. Yousefi E. Bahadori-Yekta A. Irannejad

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285 - Effect of coating time on properties of ceramic-graphene nano composite coating applied by plasma electrolyte oxidation on AZ31B Mg alloy
H. Nasiri-Vatan M. Adabi

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286 - The Effects of Nano Zinc Oxide Content on the Hydrophobic Properties of Polypropylene and Feasibility of Producing Superhydrophobic Nanocomposite Coatings
S.A. Manafi B. Hajalizadeh

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287 - Feasibility of Producing Superhydrophobic Antibacterial Nanocomposite Coatings Containing Nanoparticles of Titanium Dioxide and Silica
B. Hajalizadeh A. Rahi S.A. Manafi A. Rahi

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288 - Comparison Between Hydroxyapatite-Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposite Coating in two Methods of Dip-coating and Spin-coating
R. Family M. Solati-Hashjin S. Namjoy Nik A. Nemati

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289 - Experimental Investigation of the MoS2 Nanoparticles Effects on the Engine Oils Lubrication Characteristics and Frictio Coefficient
S. Shokri Y. Mollaei-Barzi

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290 - Static and Dynamic Wetting Behaviour of Copper Surfaces with a Nanostructured Roughness Fabricated by a Two-Stage Chemical Approach
F. Asjadi F. Esmaeilian M. Mehri A.H. Ghadimyari

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291 - Investigation and Comparison of Thermal Shock Behavior of Micro and Nanostructured Thermal Barrier Coatings Applied by Plasma Spray
A. Majidi M. Alizadeh M.R. Rahimipour

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292 - Electrodeposition of Ni – TiO2 –Al2O3 Nanocomposite Coating
M. Mirak F. Tahmasebi

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293 - The study of Nano-Al2O3 addition on zinc phosphate coating corrosion
M.J. Rahimian B. Shayegh Boroujeny E. Saebnoori

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294 - Investigation of Hot Corrosion Resistance of usual CSZ and Layer Composite of CSZ/Nano-Al2O3 Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings
M. Nejati M.R. Rahimipour I. Mobasherpour

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295 - Improving the thermal shock resistance of functionally graded thermal barrier coating by creating nanostructure in the ceramic top coat
H.R. Moghaddam A. Davari M. Akbari-Baseri

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296 - Development of Insulation Nano-coating on Nanocrystalline FINEMET Foils
S. Mirzaei A. Jazayeri Gharehbagh A. Abdollahi

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297 - Investigation the Properties and Morphology of the Gold Nano-layer Coating on Bipolar Plates in Fuel-cell via Sputtering Method
M.T. Bahramipour S.M. Rabiei M. Jafarian

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298 - Investigation on the Effects of Nano-Silica and Titanium Oxide Composite Content and Processing Temperature on the Hydrophobic Properties of Concrete
S.A. Manafi A. Alipour

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299 - Analysis of Sustainable Urban Development Indicators on Urban Neighborhood Performance (Case Study: Bonab City Neighborhoods)
Azadeh Arbabi Sabzevari HAMED ALEESMAEIL

Introduction: Cities are considered to be the main cause of instability in the world, and following the change in urban development and development factors, the discussion of sustainability and sustainable development regardless of residential neighborhoods and uncerta More

Introduction: Cities are considered to be the main cause of instability in the world, and following the change in urban development and development factors, the discussion of sustainability and sustainable development regardless of residential neighborhoods and uncertain urbanization will be. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the indicators of sustainable urban development on the performance of Bonab neighborhoods. Methods:. The present article is a descriptive-analytical in terms of practical purpose and is a descriptive-analytical method for examining the criteria of sustainable urban development in the form of three selected indicators and 57 sub-indicators of urban sustainable development. For information analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, multivariate regression, data cover analysis, cross -performance, sensitivity analysis, and SPSS and dea Slover software have been used. Results and Discussion: The results of this study showed that due to the input indicators and output of sustainable urban development of 8 neighborhoods (4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13), with an efficiency less than one percent As an inefficient neighborhoods and 5 neighborhoods (1, 2, 3, 6, 8), they are recognized as an efficient unit in terms of sustainable urban development indicators. One of the most important factors in neighborhoods is a great use of inputs against the production of small outputs. Conclusion: Inappropriate spatial distribution of urban activities and facilities and services across the city, the life of the livestock, the inconsistencies between the organs and organizations associated with the planning in the city of Bonab, and the lack of optimal use of factors. That is the difference in the performance of neighborhoods. In the meantime, inefficient neighborhoods must change their input indicators to move towards sustainable urban development. Conclusion: Inappropriate spatial distribution of urban activities and facilities and services across the city, the life of the livestock, the inconsistencies between the organs and organizations associated with the planning in the city of Bonab, and the lack of optimal use of factors. That is the difference in the performance of neighborhoods. In the meantime, inefficient neighborhoods must change their input indicators to move towards sustainable urban development. Manuscript profile

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300 - Studying the effect of dust on vegetation changes (Case study: Shadegan wetland, Khuzestan)
Reza Bayat Somayeh Jafari Bagher Ghermezcheshmeh Amir Hossain Charkhabi

Wetlands and water ecosystems are important, especially in terms of environmental values. Mapping vegetation changes can provide valuable information and removing vegetation can cause environmental disasters such as dust. This study aimed to investigate and determine th More

Wetlands and water ecosystems are important, especially in terms of environmental values. Mapping vegetation changes can provide valuable information and removing vegetation can cause environmental disasters such as dust. This study aimed to investigate and determine the spatial and temporal variations in Khuzestan, Shadegan wetland coverage and these changes are analyzed with a dust storm data. Temporal and spatial variation of vegetation measured using Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of MODIS images from 2000 to 2011, and vegetation cover changes were determined and different variables of dust (total annual density, maximum annual concentrations and annual average concentrations of dust)  from Ahwaz station were analyzed for detecting changes of vegetation cover. The results indicated that the total area of vegetation NDVI from 2000 to 2011 declined 7.36%. Also, the results showed the highest and lowest water area 25.67% and 19.72% belong to 2007 and 2000 respectively, and the highest and lowest vegetation area were 31.21% and 17.27 % in 2000 and 2004 respectively. According to statistics from 2002 onwards we have been faced with increasing dust storm which indicated a correlation between dust and wetland vegetation. Also worth noting is that the total annual concentration of dust and vegetation indices showed a higher determination coefficient (0.8516). Meanwhile, 2 month delay effect of dust has 0.8214 determination coefficient with NDVI. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

301 - Evaluation of four algorithms for estimation of canopy cover of mangrove forests by using aerial imagery
Akbar Ghasemi Asghar Fallah Shaban Shataee Joibari

Today, it is important to use the ecological indicators, such as canopy cover for recognizing the special status of ecosystems, such as mangrove forests and also monitoring and evaluating changes through a specific period. This study aimed to investigate the sufficiency More

Today, it is important to use the ecological indicators, such as canopy cover for recognizing the special status of ecosystems, such as mangrove forests and also monitoring and evaluating changes through a specific period. This study aimed to investigate the sufficiency of parametric and nonparametric algorithms using the spectral data with high spatial resolution in the evaluation of canopy cover in the mangrove forest in the Bushehr province. The vegetative characteristics were studied at 20×20 square meter sample plots. 50 Sample plots were studied for the proposed vegetative characteristic such as diameter, Height and percentage of canopy cover of mangrove forest. The camera UltraCamX digital images which used in this study were harvested to the shooting operation on 2012.01.10. After conducting some proper Preprocessing and processing, the digital values corresponding to the ground samples were extracted from spectral bands and were considered as the independent variables while and the crown canopy percent per plot were considered as the dependent variable. Modeling was carried out based on 75 percent of sample plots using K-Nearest Neighbor methods, support vector machine, random forest and General linear model methods and the results were cross-validated using the remaining 25 percent. The results showed that the best estimates were obtained from the crown canopy percent with method Random Forest, k-NN, SVM and General linear model methods with a root mean square error of 13.57, 13.95, 14.88 and 17.73 percent and relative bias of -3.88, -4.62, -5.05 and -2.88 percent that Random Forest method had the best performance. The results of this study showed UltraCam X Arial spectral data had the high ability for estimating of canopy cover percent. Manuscript profile

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302 - Detection of land use changes in Hoor Al Azim wetland using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques
Soroor Makrouni Gholam Reza Sabzghabaei Shahram Yousefi Khanghah Sattar Soltanian

In order to protect the reasonable and sagely of wetlands and also recognize the changes in their characteristics which can be caused by natural factors or human activities used remote sensing techniques and satellite image analysis.  This study aimed to evaluate l More

In order to protect the reasonable and sagely of wetlands and also recognize the changes in their characteristics which can be caused by natural factors or human activities used remote sensing techniques and satellite image analysis.  This study aimed to evaluate land use changes of Hoor Al Azim Wetland using LandSat ETM+ (2003) and OLI (2014) satellite images. After geometric and atmospheric correction, maximum likelihood and post-classification techniques were used to detect land use/cover changes. The overall classification accuracy and the Kappa coefficient for the produced maps to 2003 and 2014 were 0.91 and 0.89, respectively. Map classification of 2014 showed that the area of Hoor Al Azim wetlands has been  decreased from 84300 to 45500 hectares. The results of change detection showed during the study residential, and rangeland area had increased, but agricultural and wetland had reduced. The findings of this study denoted that remote sensing data can provide appropriate information for specifying land use changes due to their repeatability, and broad vision. This approach will support adaptive management of wetlands such as Hoor Al Azim wetland. Manuscript profile

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303 - Assessment of desertification intensity using IMDPA method (Case study: Dashte Abbas, Ilam)
Maryam Mombeni Abdol Ali Karamshahi Farzad Azadnia Parviz Garaee Kamran Karimi

The aim of this study was assessed desertification potential of the Dashte Abbas in the semiarid region of Ilam provience18028.8 hectares by using the Iranian model of desertification potential assessment (IMDPA) on soil and vegetation cover indicators. The geometric av More

The aim of this study was assessed desertification potential of the Dashte Abbas in the semiarid region of Ilam provience18028.8 hectares by using the Iranian model of desertification potential assessment (IMDPA) on soil and vegetation cover indicators. The geometric average for each index including effective soil depth, soil texture, electrical conductivity of soil, percent of gravel, the operation of the plant, the revitalization of vegetation and vegetation condition was obtained using ArcGIS®9.3 and the status map of each criteria was prepared. Finally, by combining and determination of geometric mean desertification intensity map was obtained. The desertification intensity map based on soil criteria demonstrated that over 4843 hectares (28.86% of the total area) and 13185 hectares (73.13% of the total area) has been taken in low and moderate classes, respectively. Also the obtained results from geometric average of vegetation cover criteria indices showed that 7005.99 hectares (38.86% of the total area) in the lower classes and 407.45 hectares (2.26% of the total area) and 10615.35 hectares (58.88% of the total area) has been taken in moderation and Severe classes, respectively. The results of the assessment the considered Catteries indicating that vegetation cover criteria with values of 2.6 is the most influential criteria in the severity of desertification in the study area. Accordingly, it can be said that the quantitative value of the desertification intensity of the total area has been taken in moderate class. Manuscript profile

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304 - Study effect of flood productivity on vegetation changes using field work and Landsat satellite images (Case study: Shandak of Sistan region)
Mansour Jahantigh Moien Jahantigh

The object of this research is evaluated of flood productivity on vegetation cover changes. For this purpose, 5 linear transects with a length of 50 m were installed before flooding in the year 2006. In each of these transects, two plots 3×3 were identified at a h More

The object of this research is evaluated of flood productivity on vegetation cover changes. For this purpose, 5 linear transects with a length of 50 m were installed before flooding in the year 2006. In each of these transects, two plots 3×3 were identified at a height of 50 m at the beginning and 1% in length, and within each of them a plot of 1×1 was laid out for uniform harvesting at equal distances, their coordinates using specific GPS and feature the percentages of canopy cover, forage production, bare soil percentage, density and litter before starting flood spreading in 2003 were estimated. In addition, the vegetation characteristic changes were measured in the same place after the flood propagation in the year 2019. Landsat satellite images for a period of 16 years (2003-2019) was also used to study vegetation changes before and after flood propagation. For this purpose, after applying pre-processing on the images, the vegetation index was adjusted according to the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) and soil water index (SWI) over five different time periods. Field results showed that with the application of flood propagation application, the amount of forage production increased from 68 to kg/ha, the percentage of canopy cover increased from 5.9 to 31.4%, as well as the amount of litter from 2 to 16.8% and bare soil decreased from 92.1 to 51.8%. Statistical analysis of vegetation characteristics before and after flood propagation revealed a significant difference between these parameters (p<0.01). In addition, the results showed significant changes in the SAVI and SWI indices over the period. The SAVI and SWI indices increased from 0.027 and 0.5 in the year 2003 to 0.49 and 1 in the year 2019, respectively, and the trend of changes in these indices showed high correlation (R² = 0.65) in flood propagation area. The results of this study showed that flooding productivity by providing soil moisture in the study area improved germination and plant growth conditions, which resulted in the establishment and improvement of vegetation cover in the floodplain. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

305 - Surveying of the past, present, and future of vegetation changes in the central Alborz ranges in relation to climate change
Diana Askarizadeh Hosein Arzani Mohammad Jafary Javad Bazrafshan Iain colin Prentice

Acceleration of climate trend change is caused by the swift shift of rangeland conditions that using modern methods of evaluation to them are counted to sustainable management of the rangelands. In order for an investigation of trend change of rangeland vegetation due t More

Acceleration of climate trend change is caused by the swift shift of rangeland conditions that using modern methods of evaluation to them are counted to sustainable management of the rangelands. In order for an investigation of trend change of rangeland vegetation due to climate change, central Alborz rangelands were selected. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the period of 30-year (1987-2016) was extracted by Landsat satellite, TM, ETM+, and OLI series. Drought periods were determined using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The Markov Chain model was used to anticipate the future changes of rangeland vegetation. The results showed that the vegetation cover index’s changes have risen and fallen for three decades in which, despite of increasing for some years 1986 (0.86), 2002 (0.87), 2005 (0.87), and 2015 (0.86); the changes trend was decreasingly for 1995 (0.53), 1998 (0.65), 2000 (0.62), and 2008 (0.61) years, especially for fair to very poor classes. The highest correlation (91.5%) between the SPI and NDVI was shown that severe to moderate drought has taken place along with decreased vegetation periods. Moreover, the Markov Chain model has anticipated a forcible declined change of vegetation cover for 2031 and 2046 periods. Therefore, range management approaches have to prepare itself in order to the gradual increase of temperature, which has destructive effects on vegetation cover, via regulating of grazing capacity and replacing of highly performance livestock in the future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

306 - Assessing the impact of urban expansion and land cover changes on land surface temperature in Shahrekord city
Ataollah Ebrahimi Elham Kiani Salmi

Urban expansion and land use changes have a significant impact on land surface temperature (LST). According to the fact that the development of urban is currently one of the most important phenomena in global warming, it is possible to study and measure the temperature More

Urban expansion and land use changes have a significant impact on land surface temperature (LST). According to the fact that the development of urban is currently one of the most important phenomena in global warming, it is possible to study and measure the temperature of the Earth's surface in urban areas in the shortest possible time with the rapid development of satellite technology. The purpose of this study was to investigate urban expansion and urban heat island (UHI) using remotely sensed data in Shahrekord city. In this study, Ratio vegetation index (RVI) and Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and LST were calculated using multi-spectral and thermal bands of Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images. Land use map was extracted using the maximum-likelihood algorithm in TerrSet software. The overall kappa index was estimated at 0.82 and 0.93 for 2003 and 2016, respectively. By comparing two vegetation indexes (RVI and NDVI) and surface temperature during the 13 years (2003 to 2016), it was determined that with urban development, the surface temperature has increased to 2.210C (from 40.69 to 42.90 0C). The results showed that the correlation of NDVI index with the surface temperature map was negative but with positive RVI index. Moreover, these two vegetation indexes, RVI and NDVI, show a more significant relationship with LST in green areas than urban and bare lands. Due to, a significant effect of green areas on regulating LST we recommend that green areas should be expanded in accordance with the urban area expansion. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

307 - Monitoring of vegetation changes in Karaj watershed using NDVI index and gradient analysis
Fatemeh Mohammadyari Mir mehrdad Mirsanjari Ardavan Zarandian

In the present study, vegetation changes in the Karaj watershed in 2006, 2011 and 2017 were investigated using the Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the integration of land metrics and gradient analysis. After calculating the NDVI index, Then, two-section g More

In the present study, vegetation changes in the Karaj watershed in 2006, 2011 and 2017 were investigated using the Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the integration of land metrics and gradient analysis. After calculating the NDVI index, Then, two-section gradient analysis was designed in the direction of north-south and east-west. Then 6 metrics were calculated at two levels of class and landform using moving window design. The results of the comparison of the floor area showed that the highest increase in the area was done in lands with very good vegetation so that 5104 hectares (4%) have been enlarged. It is also the largest reduction in the area of excellent vegetation cover, which decreased by 4055 hectares (3%) during the studied period. The results of gradient analysis showed that the distribution pattern of vegetation in a three-year period is a cluster. The results of the analysis of both transects at the level of the land and the classes show that the average of mean distance from the nearest neighbor gradually increases during transects and the increase in total in 2017 compared to the initial year. This indicates an increase in the distance between the vertices of the same patch and the difficulty of communication between them, which is one of the signs of the disruption of the landscape. Manuscript profile

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308 - Analysis of agricultural drought using remote sensing indices (Case study: Marivan city)
Karim Solaimani Shadman Darvishi Fatemeh Shokrian

The effects of drought can be represented as water resources declinations, vegetation and consequently, reducing agricultural production. To study and monitor drought, it is necessary to quantify its effects using drought indices.  The purpose of this study was to More

The effects of drought can be represented as water resources declinations, vegetation and consequently, reducing agricultural production. To study and monitor drought, it is necessary to quantify its effects using drought indices.  The purpose of this study was to analyze drought in Marivan city using Landsat images from 2000 to 2017. After preprocessing the images, vegetation drought index (VDI) and vegetation health index (VHI) were extracted. Assessment of the indices showed that agricultural drought in VDI index was not observed in any year, and the values of this index were close to 100 that it indicates normal and optimal conditions. So, from 2000 to 2004 the normal conditions and from 2008 to 2017 have been optimal conditions in the dominant region. The results of VHI also show the Conditions without drought in the region. According to this index, extreme drought, severe drought and moderate drought in the studied years did not occur. The largest area of mild drought in the eastern and southeastern parts of the region in 2000, 2001, 2003, and 2005 was 38.23, 38.28, 12.29 and 35.74 km2, respectively. In general, According to the main emphasis of this study, based on VDI and VHI indices, from 2000 to 2017 (with the exception of  2012), the results indicate the absence of agricultural drought in the Marivan city. Considering the benefits of satellite images such as broader coverage, higher temporal resolution, and lower cost, it is recommended to use the knowledge of remote sensing for drought study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

309 - Downscaling TRMM satellite-based precipitation data using non-stationary relationships between precipitation and land surface characteristics
Bahareh Zanjani Hesam Seyed Kaboli Mohsen Rashidian

Satellite-based precipitation dataset has been widely used to estimate precipitation, especially over regions with sparse rain gauge networks. However, the low spatial resolution of these datasets has limited their application in localized regions and watersheds. So, ha More

Satellite-based precipitation dataset has been widely used to estimate precipitation, especially over regions with sparse rain gauge networks. However, the low spatial resolution of these datasets has limited their application in localized regions and watersheds. So, having an accurate estimation of precipitation by satellites along with the adequate spatial scale in hydrologic studies is the main goal of this study. In this research, Geographically weighted regression (GWR) method was investigated to downscale the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM-3B42 Version 7) over the DEZ river basin in the southwest of IRAN for 2010-2011. Downscaling was performed based on the non-stationary relationships between the TRMM precipitation and the Digital elevation model (DEM) derived products, the Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and the Land surface temperature (LST). The result shows that the downscale precipitation at 1 km spatial scale had significantly improved spatial resolution, and agreed well with data from the rain gauge stations. For the 16-day precipitation, Mean square root means square error (RMSE) and absolute mean error (MAE) values are 22.7 mm and 7.45 mm, respectively. However, the accuracy of the model varies in a different location and depends on the vegetation condition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

310 - Quantifying the effect of surface parameters and climatic conditions on land surface temperature using reflective and thermal remote sensing data
Naeim Mijani Saeid Hamzeh Mohammad Karimi Firozjaei

The land surface temperature (LST) plays a vital role in a wide range of scientific researches including climatology, hydrology, natural resources and etc. There are some determining factors which affect the land surface temperature, such as the kind of surface elements More

The land surface temperature (LST) plays a vital role in a wide range of scientific researches including climatology, hydrology, natural resources and etc. There are some determining factors which affect the land surface temperature, such as the kind of surface elements, topography and environmental conditions and also the amount of incoming radiation to the surface. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of topographic parameters, climatic conditions and downward radiation on land surface temperature using remote sensing data. For this purpose, the Landsat 8 satellite image, ASTER digital elevation model, MODIS water vapor product (MOD07) on 24 July 2018, topography and climate map of Kerman province were used. To calculate the LST and downward shortwave and longwave radiation to surface the single channel and SEBAL energy balance algorithms were used, respectively. Finally, using statistical analysis the relationship between LST and independent variables, including elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation cover index and downward radiation to the surface were studied. The results of the study shown that the correlation coefficient between the LST and each of the independent parameters is more than 0.7. Also, the relationship between LST and topographic, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and downward radiation parameters at the 95% level was significant. The results of the mean of LST values in climatic conditions, including extra-dry, dry, semi-dry, Mediterranean, semi-wet and wet indicate that climates classes with higher LST relative to climates classes with lower LST have means of elevation, NDVI lower and mean longwave downward radiation to surface higher. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

311 - Comparison of different algorithms for land cover mapping in sensitive habitats of Zagros using Sentinel-2 satellite image: (Case study: a part of Ilam province)
Saeedeh Eskandari

The western forests and rangelands of Iran in Zagros habitats have mainly been destroyed by various reasons in recent years. The preparation of the land cover map in these sites is the first step to protect them and to prevent further destruction. The aim of this resear More

The western forests and rangelands of Iran in Zagros habitats have mainly been destroyed by various reasons in recent years. The preparation of the land cover map in these sites is the first step to protect them and to prevent further destruction. The aim of this research was to select the best algorithm for land cover mapping in a part of Ilam site using the Sentinel-2 image. After providing Sentinel-2 the supervised classification of it was performed by seven different algorithms (maximum likelihood, minimum distance from the average, mahalanobis distance, spectral angle mapper, spectral correlation mapper, support vector machine, neural network). For accuracy assessment of the land cover maps, the stratified random points were created and found in the field. In the field visit, after determining the current land cover of each point in the plot area, the real land cover of each point was compared with the defined land cover of the same point in the pixel area based on classification results and the accuracy of the algorithms was evaluated. The results showed that the support vector machine algorithm had the highest accuracy in providing the land cover map with a general accuracy of 79% and a Kappa index of 0.70. The analysis of the land cover map obtained from this algorithm showed that the dense forest area was 319.64 ha, semi-dense forest area was 361.44 ha and sparse forest area was 1832.36 ha from the total area of the study area (16085.31 ha). Also, the rangeland area was 7352.78 ha, the garden area was 62.32 ha, the agricultural area was 658.42 ha and understorey agriculture was 4504.64 ha. For optimal management of this sensitive ecosystem, land cover mapping using this algorithm in certain temporal intervals is essential to investigate the forests and rangelands change and to control the human-made land uses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

312 - Estimation of vegetation cover percentage and biomass using remote sensing indices (Case study: protected areas of Southern Alborz, Karaj)
Chooghi Bairam Komaki Reza Asadikia Hamid Niknahad Gharmakhar

Vegetation is one of the criteria indicating the production potential of the land. So that the quality and quantity of vegetation in each region is a criterion for determining its production potential. In this research, vegetation indices of Landsat 8 digital data were More

Vegetation is one of the criteria indicating the production potential of the land. So that the quality and quantity of vegetation in each region is a criterion for determining its production potential. In this research, vegetation indices of Landsat 8 digital data were used to estimate vegetation cover and biomass in the protected area of the central Alborz in June 2016. To study the correlation between vegetation cover and biomass with satellite data, 27 samples were obtained randomly in the region. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship between cover percentage and biomass values with remotely sensed vegetation indices. The results showed that among selected vegetation indexes,  Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and Visible atmospherically resistant index (VAR) had the highest correlation coefficient with vegetation percentage 0.53 and 0.52, respectively. Therefore, these vegetation indices are appropriate for estimating vegetation cover at a 5% significance level. And in calibration, the correlation coefficient for the wet weight of vegetation and the indices of Global environment monitoring index (GEMI), Simple ratio (VR) and Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) were 0.43, 0.41 and 0.41, respectively even though their estimations were unsuccessful in the validation stage. According to the results of this research, it is recommended that the indicators for the estimation of the quality and quantity of vegetation should be used in which the atmosphere and soil impacts are considered. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

313 - Canopy cover and production estimation and susceptible areas locating of Sumac (Rhus coriaria) cultivation in Khakriz rangelands of Ardabil province
Seyed Abolfazl Seyedi Kaleybar Farid Dadjou Ahad Hasanzadeh Hasan Mollazadeh Asl

The aim of this study was to investigate the canopy cover and seed production of medicinal-economic Sumac (Rhus coriaria) seeds and locating susceptible areas of Sumac in rangelands of Khakriz village, Bilesavar County, Ardabil province. For this purpose, three sites (a More

The aim of this study was to investigate the canopy cover and seed production of medicinal-economic Sumac (Rhus coriaria) seeds and locating susceptible areas of Sumac in rangelands of Khakriz village, Bilesavar County, Ardabil province. For this purpose, three sites (a total of 60 hectares) with Sumac cover and in each site three transects were parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the slope with intervals of 100 meters, were established. Along each transect used 10 plots of five square meters with 20-meter intervals using a random-systematic sampling (a total of 90 plots) and the position of each plot was recorded using GPS. Sumac seeds in each plot were harvested by clipping and weighted method. Maps of environmental factors (elevation, slope, aspect, annual precipitation, and temperature) created using digital elevation models (DEM) in ArcGIS and then values of each environmental factor extracted for each Sumac site and the questionnaire of ratings were completed in this regard. Then, to determine the areas susceptible to cultivating Sumac in the Khakriz rangelands, the analytic network process (ANP) method, was used. The results showed that the areas with Sumac cover had 657.88 kg/ha seed production and 263.12 kg/ha of powdered seed production. The results of ANP indicated that 157.12 hectares of the area were very suitable, 138.10 hectares were suitable, 110.60 hectares were medium, 46.01 hectares were poor and 46.17 hectares were unsuitable for Sumac cultivating. The results can be used to exploit, cultivate and increase the cover of Sumac in specified areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

314 - Change detection of land use /land cover using object oriented classification of satellite images (Case study: Ghare Sou basin, Ardabil province)
Behrooz Khodabandehlou Hassan Khavarian Nehzak Ardavan Ghorbani

The accuracy of land use changes map obtained from remote sensing data depends on the accuracy of each of the land use maps during the time period studied. In this study, TM and OLI images in 1989 and 2018 and an object-oriented classification method were used to invest More

The accuracy of land use changes map obtained from remote sensing data depends on the accuracy of each of the land use maps during the time period studied. In this study, TM and OLI images in 1989 and 2018 and an object-oriented classification method were used to investigate the land use/ land cover change trends with an emphasis on agricultural land use in the Ghare Sou basin. After the pre-processing, the object-oriented processing using the multiresolution segmentation method was applied. In addition to the spectral bands, some additional information such as a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), band means, the standard deviation of bands and geometry characteristics were used to extract land use in order to obtain more accurate results. Of these non-spectral data used, 15 characteristics were selected by Feature space optimization (FSO) method to be used in the nearest neighborhood algorithm. The kappa coefficient of the land use maps for 1989 and 2018 was 85% and 96%, respectively, indicating the reliability of the object-oriented classification results. In the next step, the map of the changes was produced comparing the classified maps. According to the results of the change detection, the agricultural land use during the studied period has an increase of 73849 hectares, mainly due to the destruction of rangelands and its conversion to the agricultural land. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

315 - An investigation of the relationship between land surface temperatures, geographical and environmental characteristics, and biophysical indices from Landsat images
Abbasali Vali Abolfazl Ranjbar Marzieh Mokarram Farideh Taripanah

Land surface temperature (LST) is an important indicator of habitat quality assessment for a local and global scale. In the present study, the effects of multiple factors on land use, geological formations, topographical and climate factors on LST in Kharestan region we More

Land surface temperature (LST) is an important indicator of habitat quality assessment for a local and global scale. In the present study, the effects of multiple factors on land use, geological formations, topographical and climate factors on LST in Kharestan region were investigated. To this end, images of July Landsat 7 and 8 satellites during the period 2000-2017, digital elevation model, geological map and topography were used. The surface temperature was extracted using a split-window method and also land use extracted from the supervised classification method which has been done in 2017. The correlation between surface temperature and elevation, aspect, slope, vegetation, soil moisture, and air temperature variables was investigated using statistical methods. The results indicated that the surface temperature average was 43 °C, Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was 0.144 and Normalized difference moisture index (NDMI) was 0.068. According to the classification of images with an overall accuracy of 99.96% and kappa coefficients of 0.96, pasture and horticultural land cover the highest and lowest area, respectively. The highest surface temperature, 53 °C was observed in bare soil and residential areas and the lowest 29 °C in horticultural land. Moreover, the highest and lowest surface temperatures were related to Pabdeh-Gurpi and Asmari formations, respectively. In sunny slopes, the highest correlation, R2>0.5 was observed between surface temperature, elevation, temperature, vegetation, and surface moisture. Furthermore, in shady slopes, the surface temperature had the highest correlation, R2>0.5 with elevation, temperature, and vegetation. Among the above factors, elevation and temperature had the most influence on surface temperature. In addition, the correlation between vegetation index and a normalized moisture index with inverse surface temperature was >0.9. Also, the correlation between surface temperature and the air temperature was positive. Therefore, land use, geology, topography, vegetation, soil moisture, and air temperature are important factors in ecosystem temperature equilibrium.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

316 - The effect of Meighan wetland environmental changes on land surface temperature of surrounding areas by using Landsat satellite data
Saeed Mahmoodi Behrouz Sari Saraf Majed Rezaei Banafsheh Hashem Rostamzade

Wetlands are one of the most important aquatic zones that affect the climate of the surrounding areas and are also one of the most fragile natural phenomena. Therefore, it is very important to detect changes in the environment around the wetlands. The purpose of this st More

Wetlands are one of the most important aquatic zones that affect the climate of the surrounding areas and are also one of the most fragile natural phenomena. Therefore, it is very important to detect changes in the environment around the wetlands. The purpose of this study, the land use change detection, the normalized vegetation index, land surface temperature patterns in the surrounding of the Meighan wetland, were analyzed using Landsat TM multi-time sensor data for 30 May 2002, and 5 June 2010. Supervised classification algorithms with maximum likelihood were used to extract land use changes. The results of classification accuracy, using the Kappa coefficient for 2002 and 2010 were 99.13% and 98.93% with 98 and 97 kappa coefficients, respectively. The results of land use changes showed that the barren lands increased by 100 km2 and, in contrast, vegetation areas were reduced by 84 km2. The average of the normalized vegetation index was not significantly changed and the maximum and minimum values in 2002 were 0 and -0.52, and in 2010, -0.05 and -0.58, respectively. The warmer temperature classes in the regional temperature pattern in 2010 were more extensive than in 2002. The minimum, average and maximum temperature in 10 km of surrounding of Meighan wetland in 2002 were 16.72, 27.35 and 36.4°C with a standard deviation of 3.2, and in 2010, 15.5, 29.8 and 37°C with a standard deviation of 3.5. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

317 - Assessment of desertification status in Sefiddasht-Boroujen (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province) watershed using MEDALUS model
Fatemeh Nafar Ataollah Ebrahimi Ali Asghar Naghipour

10.30495/girs.2022.682333

Background and Objective The degradation of resources in many parts of the world is a serious threat to humanity due to its growing trend. Desertification, which is one of the manifestations of this degradation, has affected most countries and has been introduced as the More

Background and Objective The degradation of resources in many parts of the world is a serious threat to humanity due to its growing trend. Desertification, which is one of the manifestations of this degradation, has affected most countries and has been introduced as the third challenge of the 21st century after the two challenges of climate change and freshwater scarcity. Desertification is the degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and semi-humid areas. This situation is caused by a series of important processes, the most important of which are the two factors of human activity and climate change. Several methods have been developed to determine the process of desertification, one of which is widely used, the Medalus method. Assessing the status of desertification processes (land degradation) in a village, region or country is important because it provides the opportunity to make informed decisions about the financial dimension and the amount of investment needed to control it. Considering the development of the desertification phenomenon in the Sefiddasht-Borujen region and the need to pay attention to the importance of the results of this destructive phenomenon in the future. The purpose of this study is to evaluate desertification using the Madalus model in the Sefiddasht-Borujen watershed with an area of 92565 hectares, located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.Materials and Methods Land use changes were investigated and detected using the distance measurement model. For this purpose, the images of 1998, 2009, and 2018 were used. The amount of changes during this period was determined, and the points where the most changes occurred were selected. Then using these points, in the Medalus model, the factors affecting desertification and its current situation were considered. Then, the effective parameters in desertification were studied in these points separately and the Medalus model was implemented in them. According to the Medalus method, effective factors in the desertification of the region were identified and each factor including climate, vegetation, soil, groundwater, and management and policy was considered as a criterion. Then, the characteristics of the mentioned criteria that were effective in the desertification of this region were considered as indicators. After each indicator received weight in relation to its impact on desertification and by evaluating them, their impact of them on the desertification process was determined. Finally, using the indicators of these criteria, the criteria map and finally, the desertification map were obtained from their geometric mean n order to study the climate criteria, three indices of rainfall, direction, and drought index were considered. The study of the climate was evaluated from 3 sample points in the meteorological and water weight stations of the province, which are harvested as points. To evaluate the soil condition, some physical and chemical properties such as soil texture, acidity, electrical conductivity, and the amount of organic matter were selected. To determine the soil properties, the first 170 sampling points were identified in the study area, and from 0 to 20 cm soil level, sampling was performed and transferred to the laboratory.Results and Discussion The results showed a score of climatic criteria calculated at 1.80 was determined in two classes and had the most role in desertification in the region. The score of management and policy, vegetation, and soil criteria respectively were calculated at 1.76, 1.71, and 1.55 and was determined into two classes severe and very severe. Also, water criteria were calculated at 1.33 and were determined in the middle class. Based on the Medalus model, the current desertification score was estimated to be 1.63. According to this map, the desertification situation of the region was divided into two classes, severe and very severe. Finally, it was calculated that 56% of this area is faced with severe and 44% of it very severe desertification. The result showed that the northern part of the study area is highly vulnerable, while the southern part of the region is less vulnerable to desertification. However, this region has high desertification intensity. The foretold sensitivity of this region to the phenomenon of desertification was consistent. In this model, climate, soil, vegetation, groundwater, management, and policy criteria were selected. According to the results, climate, management, policy, vegetation, soil, and groundwater criteria, respectively, had the greatest impact on desertification of this region due to the low precipitation, drought in recent years, illegal excavation of wells, and uncontrolled extractions more than the capacity of groundwater aquifers in Sefiddasht has caused the drying of most wells in this area. Also, the drying of Dehno Wetland is another reason for the intensity of desertification in the study area.Conclusion According to the obtained results, the phenomenon of desertification in this region is accelerating and would cause a destructive consequence. The study area, according to the proposed definition of desertification, has both natural and human desertification conditions. Natural factors such as unfavorable climatic conditions such as lack of rainfall, successive droughts, limited water resources, on the one hand, and destructive human factors such as traditional agricultural system, overgrazing, overexploitation of groundwater, conversion of pastures to land Agriculture, industries, mines and facilities, destruction of vegetation and shrubs, on the other hand, have led to the destruction of pastures and natural resources and accelerated desertification in the region. Evidence shows that in this region water table is lower than in other areas and as a consequence desertification is accelerated. Among the ways to deal with desertification in the region, it is possible to use the pastures and pastures in principle, according to their capacity at the right time, to permanently enclose the region under biological and mechanical desertification activities, proper exploitation of groundwater and prevents land use change. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

318 - Study of the relationship between land use and vegetation changes with the land surface temperature in Namin County
Azad Kakehmami Ardavan Ghorbani Sayyad Asghari Sarasekanrood Ehsan Ghale Sahar Ghafari

10.30495/girs.2020.674652

Background and ObjectiveRapid development of cities due to extensive changes in land use and land cover has had negative effects on global environmental quality. Land cover and  land use changes, and the development of urban and agricultural regions and deforestati More

Background and ObjectiveRapid development of cities due to extensive changes in land use and land cover has had negative effects on global environmental quality. Land cover and  land use changes, and the development of urban and agricultural regions and deforestation are changing the regional and local temperature regime. Knowing the land surface temperature degrees contribute significantly to a wide range of issues relating to the Earth science such as urban climate, global environmental changes, and the study of the interaction of human and the environment. The lack of sufficient meteorological stations to be aware of temperature values in regions lacking a station is considered as a major flaw in monitoring the land surface temperature. Due to the information limitations, collecting data especially to a large extent,  is associated with many problems and obstacles, and the real-time access is difficult or impossible. Therefore, the need to use remote sensing technology with time conditions along with the feature of continuity and data collection in wide ranges can be very effective. The purpose of this study is to investigate the land surface temperature of Namin county in a period of 28 years and to compare the obtained results with land use and vegetation changes. Materials and MethodsThe data used in this study included  Landsat 8 satellite image of the OLI sensor in order to extract land use map and  TIRS sensor image to extract land surface temperature for the year 2015. Moreover, Landsat 5 satellite image of the TM sensor were used to extract land use map by using visible and infrared bands, and also to extract land surface temperature by using thermal bands for the year 1987. Images were taken in late spring and early summer due to the lack of high cloudy and snowy covers , as well as the high intensity of sunlight. The eCognition8.9 software was used for object-based classification. Classification in five classes (dry and irrigated farming, rangeland, forest and residential) and six classes (dry and irrigated farming, rangeland, forest, residential and water bodies) were selected  for the years 1987 and 2015 respectively. To assess the accuracy and comparison of the obtained maps, the error matrix, overall accuracy, and kappa statistics were used. Split-Window method was used to extract the land surface temperature of the study area. Finally, in order to analyze the relationship between land surface temperature with vegetation index, the correlation coefficients between land surface temperature and vegetation index were calculated based on land use types in the years 1987 and 2015. Results and Discussion The highest land use area in the years 1987 and 2015 belongs to the rangeland use with 43781 and 34114 hectares  respectively and the second land use area belongs to dry farming use with 23854 and 33277 hectares respectively. Moreover due to the lack of water use , the lowest land use area in 1987 belongs to residential use with 1301 hectares, while in 2015 with the construction of water structures, water use with an area of 86 hectares has the lowest land use area. The highest land use area increase was in the dry farming with 9423 hectares, which is a significant increase compared to 1987. The highest recorded temperature for Namin county in 1987 and 2015 was related to dry farming use (34°C and 27°C, respectively), indicating the concentration of heat in these regions. This type of land use has the highest temperature due to the factors such as the dryness of the products at this time and the harvest of the products. In 1987, dry farming use had the highest temperature (34°C), but in 2015 it experienced a decrease in temperature (27°C), despite the fact that it had the highest land surface temperature compared to other  types of land uses in 2015. The reason can be attributed to the factor of harvesting crops. Due to the fact that the rainfed crops in the study area are mostly wheat, and at this time of the season, most of the wheat is ripe or harvested, so the transpiration of these products is insignificant. The lowest recorded temperatures in Namin county are related to the uses of water bodies (21°C), forest (21°C) and irrigated farming (22°C), respectively. Since water has a high heat capacity, it has the greatest effect on reducing the temperature. In forest and irrigated farming land uses, due to the higher vegetation density, the land surface temperature has the lowest value (23°C and 24°C in 1987 and 21°C and 22°C in 2015 respectively) compared to the other land use types. Agricultural land use in this area has the lowest land surface temperature (24°C in 1987 and 21°C in 2015) after forest areas. Due to the fact that the crops cultivated in this area are plants such as potatoes and these plants have more water needs, therefore these plants have a high greenness value at June to early July, which has led to more transpiration in the area where they are cultivated than other areas, thus it has been very effective in keeping the land surface temperature cool. The rangeland use has had high land surface temperatures (27°C and 25°C, respectively) in the two study  years, and there is little difference between the two years. According to the study season which was late June to early July, the high temperature of this land use type is due to the increase in the areas lacking canopy cover or areas having low or scattered vegetation. Due to the fact that in August, most of the leaves and brunches of the existing plants are dry and the transpiration is low, high temperatures are also recorded. The relationship between land surface temperature and vegetation index in rangeland use in the two study years had the highest correlation (0.91 in 1987 and 0.83 in 2015), while the correlation coefficient of the forest use was the lowest (0.46 in 1987 and 0.23 in 2015). Conclusion Land use type and land use and vegetation changes have a significant effect on land surface temperature changes. However, areas without vegetation have a higher land surface temperature than the areas with vegetation. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between vegetation cover and land surface temperature, which is mainly due to sufficient vegetation. In general, the results showed that in most areas with lower temperatures, there is high density vegetation indicating an inverse relationship between vegetation index and land surface temperature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

319 - Analysis and comparison of land use/land cover changes using artificial neural network (Case study: lands of Taft and Mehriz)
Alireza Sepehri Ali Akbar Jamali Mohamad Hasanzadeh

The areas of natural resources and vegetation in the Taft and Mehriz townships in recent decades have undergone changes due to its close proximity to the capital of Yazd province. The purpose of this study is to assess the extent and direction and prediction of land and More

The areas of natural resources and vegetation in the Taft and Mehriz townships in recent decades have undergone changes due to its close proximity to the capital of Yazd province. The purpose of this study is to assess the extent and direction and prediction of land and vegetation changes in these two cities. In this study, Landsat 5 (1998, 2004 and 2008) and Landsat 8 (2017) satellite images in the period from May to June was used. Modeling land use/land cover changes were carried out based on supervised classification. The process of changes was analyzed using land change modeling and perceptron neural network method. The results showed that 3% (558.8 ha) of land and vegetation cover of Taft to Bayer and 1.3% (209.9 ha) were added to the urban lands and reduced from the lands of gardens by 4.3% (559.2 ha), this is the highest rating. The amount of 2.8% (678.8 ha) of land and vegetation in Mehriz Bayer and 1.7% (184 ha) has been changed to urban residential land. In terms of urban expansion, Mehriz has had the highest amount of reducing vegetation. The results show that land use and land cover changes in Taft city where more than Mehriz city so that most of these changes were related to gardens, but in terms of area of land use and land use conversion in Mehriz city has the highest value More intense. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

320 - Monitoring and predicting the trend of changing rangelands using Satelite images and CA-Markov model (Case study: Noor-rood basin, Mazandaran proince)
Nematollah Koohestani Shafagh Rastgar Ghodratollah Heidari Shaban Shatai Joybari Hamid Amirnejad

10.30495/girs.2020.674923

Predicting the trend of land use/land cover chenges in natural range ecosystem via remote sensing techniques and evaluating their potentials by modeling, plays an important role in decision making. The goal of this research is monitoring and predicting land use/land cov More

Predicting the trend of land use/land cover chenges in natural range ecosystem via remote sensing techniques and evaluating their potentials by modeling, plays an important role in decision making. The goal of this research is monitoring and predicting land use/land cover changes in Nour-rood basin by CA-Markov in a 60 year periods (1988-2048). Landsat TM (1988, 1998, 2008) and OLI (2018) imagery of similar months (in July) were classified by maximum likelihood method algorithm. Terrestrial reality derived from topographic at scale 1:25000 and aerial photos available in the (GDNR) and (WMM) during 1988-2008 and field visits (2018) were evaluated for accuracy. The accuracy of the production maps calculated with Kappa coefficient. So that the highest and lowest ratio were related to the images of 1998 and 1988, respectively with the values of 0.86 and 0.81. The results were compared with field ground truth to determine the accuracy of results. Random matric used to convert land use classes and the map of land cover of Nour-rud basin predicted, in (2018-2028). The results showed that in (1988-2018), forests and rangelands with excellent and fair cover conditions had decreasing and ranges with good condition, rocks and residential areas had increasing trend. Total area of rangelands decreased from 116206 hectares in 1988 to 106336 hectares in 2018. Moreover, the results of Markov model with more than 85% precision showed the same trend of land use changes from 2018-2048. Excellent rangeland cover conditions, showed decreasing trend, rocky and residential areas will also have an increasing trend until 2048. Markov's prediction model also shows an accuracy of more than 85%. The trend of land use changes during 2018-2048 will be the same as in previous. In whitch case, excellent range condition will have decreasing trend; rocky and residential areas will have an increasing trend until 2048. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

321 - Extraction of soil moisture index (TVDI) using a scatter diagram temperature/vegetation and MODIS images
Salah Shahmoradi Hamid Reza Ghafarian Malamiri Mohammad Amini

10.30495/girs.2021.675968

Background and Objective Soil moisture is an important parameter in controlling many processes of the climate system, one of the basic parameters of the environment and its direct impact on the plant, animal and microorganisms, its importance in the global cycle of More

Background and Objective Soil moisture is an important parameter in controlling many processes of the climate system, one of the basic parameters of the environment and its direct impact on the plant, animal and microorganisms, its importance in the global cycle of water, energy and carbon, the energy exchange between air and soil is known for its natural water cycle (especially in the distribution of rain between surface runoff and infiltration) and the management of water and soil resources. Soil moisture plays an important role in the interactive processes between the atmosphere and the earth and global climate change. Triangular and trapezoidal methods combining thermal and visible data are the most commonly used methods for determining the amount of soil surface moisture. The aim of this study is to estimate the surface moisture of the soil (TVDI), by the triangular method in the south of West Azerbaijan province using land temperature index (LST) and vegetation index (NDVI), during 2010, 2014 and 2018. Materials and Methods The present study using MODIS timing series images, NDVI index and LST index, to estimate the surface moisture index (Temperature–Vegetation Dryness Index, TVDI), in three time periods including; the first time period from 1 January 2010 to 30 December 2010 and the second period is from 1 January 2014 to 30 December 2014 and the third period is from 1 January 2018 to 30 December 2018. During each period, 12 images were used on the 15th day of each month. Also, surface moisture was estimated by two methods, one was to establish a high regression relationship and remove the minimum temperature, and the second method was to establish a high and low regression relationship of the pixels. To evaluate the accuracy of these two methods, a regression correlation between the results of these methods with the soil surface moisture content of the Agricultural Jihad (30 points) at a depth of 5 to 15 cm was used. The reason for choosing these three years is due to the difference in high rainfall in some months of the studied years. This study was conducted in the south of the province of West Azerbaijan, which is part of the western region of Iran. Results and Discussion The evaporative triangle diagram consisting of the vegetation index and the surface temperature of the earth in 2010 from January to December month has seen many temperature changes. These same changes in the Earth's surface temperature have caused that the graphs have many changes. During the 2010 year, according to the chart, the maximum temperature was August and the minimum was January, and the maximum vegetation was May and the minimum was December. In 2014, the maximum temperature in August and the minimum in January and the maximum vegetation in May and the minimum in January and also this year were relatively warmer and drier than in 2010. The evaporative triangle chart in 2018 is rainier than the other two years studied, and the amount of vegetation and according to the graphs in this year, the maximum temperature in July and the minimum is January and the maximum vegetation is May and the minimum in January. The surface moisture level of the soil in 2010 for the western region of Iran, which is the maximum moisture level in May and the minimum in August. In most of the 2010 moisture index maps, the maximum humidity in the west and the lowest in the South of this region. The results of the moisture index maps in 2014 this year have been relatively drier than in other years studied. In 2014 has little rainfall and vegetation. Humidity changes this year are lower than in 2010. The maximum and minimum humidity in 2014 was between 0 and 0.6. The maximum humidity is June and the minimum is August. The TVDI moisture index maps for 2018 have had more moisture indicators this year than in the other two years. In 2018, heavy rains caused the vegetation to increase and the ground temperature to decrease, and this has led to an increase in the moisture index compared to 2010 and 2014. In 2018, the vegetation reached 0.89. But in other years it has been studied up to 0.7. This year, the high humidity is in May and the lowest in August. The maximum humidity during this year is in the west and the lower is in the south. The results of the TVDI index for 2010, 2014 and 2018, using the second method, the general results of this method are similar to the first method. Based on the results obtained from the accuracy of both methods, we conclude that the accuracy of the first method is better and generally simpler than the second method. In 2018, in May, according to the first method, the amount of R2 = 0.67, and also according to the second method, the amount of R2 = 0.41. Conclusion Estimation of surface soil moisture is essential for optimal management of water and soil resources. Surface soil moisture is an important variable in the water cycle of nature, which plays an important role in the global balance of water and energy through its impact on hydrological, ecological and meteorological processes. Examination of the two methods used indicates that the first method, which was also used in this research in general, has higher accuracy than the terrestrial fields due to the results of image accuracy.  In 2010, the months of May and August, according to the first method are R2 = 0.61 and 0.57. In 2010, the amount of R2 according to terrestrial data and the use of the second method in May and August are R2 = 0.43 and 0.47. Also, in 2018, the value of R2 using the first method in May is 0.66. In 2018, the value of R2 using the second method in May is 0.41. The results of the soil surface moisture index, in this study, showed that this model is able to estimate the amount of soil moisture in large geographical areas with acceptable accuracy. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26767082.1400.12.1.3.4 Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

322 - Evaluation of quantitative changes in surface water resources, affected by the earthquake of Sarpol-e-Zahab, using satellite data
Amjad Maleki Ali Khazai Ali Abdolmaleki

10.30495/girs.2022.682379

Background and Objective Earthquake In addition to the destructive effects of man-made structures, earthquakes also have different effects on surface water resources. Earthquakes always increase or decrease the water flow depending on its intensity, time, direction, and More

Background and Objective Earthquake In addition to the destructive effects of man-made structures, earthquakes also have different effects on surface water resources. Earthquakes always increase or decrease the water flow depending on its intensity, time, direction, and profundity. It may even cause the springtime fountain to flow that has dried up over the years. The use of remote evaluation technology in various earth sciences is very common compared to geocentric methods due to the wide coverage of satellite images, the timeliness of images, and its little cost. Also, one of the important and unique capabilities of digital satellite data is its temporal, spatial, spectral, and radiometric resolution. These important features of satellite imagery allow for important studies such as the evaluation and monitoring of dynamic phenomena such as quantitative changes in water resources in temporal and spatial dimensions. Because in some cases the information obtained from a sensor alone does not meet the desired needs. Although optical multispectral data provide rich spectral information of various effects, it is significantly affected by environmental factors such as smoke, fog, clouds, and the amount of sunlight. Unlike optical sensors, radar data with virtual aperture (SAR) is independent of different weather and radiation conditions, as well as the sensitivity of its signal, scatter to target parameters such as structure (shape, orientation, size), roughness, and moisture content of the features can provide more information about the study area, but on the other hand, radar images cannot clearly identify the details and edges of objects. Therefore, combining different properties of optics images and radar data using image integration techniques can provide a more complete view of the target and provide higher accuracy and reliability for the results obtained from this method. In the present perusal, in order to achieve the above purpose, using satellite data and the image combination method, the data have been standardized in such a way that they can be used together in the form of a dataset for processing. Materials and Methods Using the method of combining satellite images of quantitative changes of surface water resources, affected by the SARPOL-E-ZAHAB earthquake in the course of 7 days, 11/11/2017 to 17/11/2017, using radar data (S_1A-IW-SLC), With 100 m spatial baseline and Landsat 8 (OLI) optical data, and obtained by applying remote evaluation techniques and indicators to detect changes in water resources, including Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) in ENVI software environment and then analysis in ArcGIS software environment.Results and Discussion : Examination of the results of quantitative changes in surface water resources shows that in the time period of 7 days after the earthquake in the study area, the highest amount of small changes (in a decreasing manner) occurred in dams (HAMMAM Strait and GILANGH-GHARB Dam). As the Strait of HAMMAM dam decreased by 0.13 square meters and the Gilan GHARB dam decreased by 0.07 square meters. Also, small changes occurred in the surface (SARPOL-E-ZAHAB SARAB-GARM) (drinking water source of the region), SIRVAN river and canals), and there were a total of 7523421 square meters of changes in the surface water resources of the study area after the earthquake.Conclusion The earthquake caused the outflow of groundwater and decreased the volume of dams in the region and fed the surface rivers of the region, including (the Sirvan river) and finally caused water loss and in some places caused the drying of springs and Damage to normal living conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

323 - Monitoring land use changes and its relationship with land surface temperature and vegetation index in the southern areas of Ardabil province (Case study: Kiwi Chay catchment)
Shirin Mahdavian Batool Zeinali Bromand Salahi

10.30495/girs.2022.686395

Background and Objective Irregular and unplanned urban expansion is known as urban sprawl and is characterized by low-density, transport-driven development, spreading out over large swathes of land towards the fringes of established urban centers. It is generally held t More

Background and Objective Irregular and unplanned urban expansion is known as urban sprawl and is characterized by low-density, transport-driven development, spreading out over large swathes of land towards the fringes of established urban centers. It is generally held that morphological modification of the urban landscape results in rising urban temperatures and the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. The biophysical properties of the urban space are determinants of the local urban climate. When there is significant alteration such as the replacement of vegetation and evaporating surfaces with impervious surfaces, the surface energy budget experiences fluxes which leads to warming at the local scale. Most scientists believe that the Earth's temperature has been rising since the 19th century. Meanwhile, a phenomenon called heat island in metropolitan areas (UHI) has caused a faster rise in temperature in these micro-climates, and in the coming years, the rapid urbanization trend will also increase the slope of temperature rise in cities. According to statistics provided by the United Nations, by 2025, more than 80% of the world's population will live in cities, and this will worsen the situation as cities become warmer. Surface temperature (LST) is one of the most important environmental parameters that is affected by land use change. The purpose of this study is to analyze the land use change in the two periods of 1987 and 2019, to estimate and study the changes in LST and NDVI in the same period, and to analyze the impact of land use change in LST and NDVI and the relationship between all three parameters.Materials and Methods In this study, Landsat 8 satellite images were used from the OLI sensor to extract the land use map and vegetation index, and the TIRS sensor was used to extract ground surface temperature for 2019 also Landsat 5 OLI sensor image was used to prepare land use map and vegetation index. Using visible, near-infrared, and infrared bands, the TM sensor was used to extract the surface temperature using thermal bands for 1987. Ecognition software was used to classify the object. Error matrices and related statistics (overall accuracy, kappa coefficient, user and Producer accuracy of each class) were used to evaluate the classification accuracy. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between LST and NDVI, and the Contribution index was used to evaluate the impact of land use on surface temperature.Results and Discussion Investigating land use changes and their relationship with land surface temperature and vegetation index requires determining the type of land use and accurate estimation of land surface temperature and vegetation index. Preparing a satisfied land use map using Landsat satellite images and applying the object classification method Oriented has a relatively high accuracy. The accuracy of land use map classification in 1987, 82.5, and in 2019, 96.1 shows the high accuracy of the land use classification method and land use map. The study of land use changes in 1987 and 2019 in the Givi Chay catchment showed that rangeland use with an area of 1224.18 and 10469.59 square kilometers is the dominant land use, while in 1987, residential use with an area of 66.63 square kilometers and in 2019, water use with an area of 3.77 square kilometers had the lowest area. Also, the most modified use of rangeland use was dryland agriculture (181 square kilometers), which indicates the destruction of rangelands. The results of surface temperature during the 33-year period were evaluated which showed that the average surface temperature in 1987 from 28.39 °C to 38.86 °C and in 2019 from 34.35 °C to 46.62. The temperature has increased so that the average temperature of the whole study area in 33 years has increased by about 7.11 degrees Celsius. This indicates the urban development in the study area. The highest temperature recorded in both periods belongs to dryland agricultural use (38.86 and 46.62 ° C, respectively), which indicates the concentration of heat in these areas. Dryness and harvest at this time can be the main cause of high temperatures of this use. Garden, forest, and water uses showed lower surface temperatures in both periods than other uses. Vegetation areas due to evapotranspiration have a temperature-moderating role and have areas with a minimum temperature in both periods. Water use also has a great effect on reducing the temperature due to its high heat capacity. The use of residential areas compared to rainfed and pasture agricultural uses showed a lower temperature, which can be due to the existence of parks, and gardens that cause evaporation and cooling of the city, as well as factors such as roofing, felt in The reflection of radiant energy has a great share. Rangeland use had high temperatures (36.57 and 44.81 °C, respectively) in both years under study. The reason for the high temperature of this land, according to the study season, which is late June and early July, is an increase in areas free of vegetation or vegetation that is small and scattered. There was also a large negative correlation between LST and NDVI in the two study periods. Rainfed and rangeland agriculture with higher LST have lower NDVI, while vegetation and water have higher NDVI. Aquatic agricultural use, which was mostly observed in the areas around the Givi Chai River, showed lower temperatures due to the presence of moisture and evapotranspiration due to vegetation density. In the study area, suburban areas (gardens) and irrigated arable lands along the Givi Chai River and forests have the highest amount of vegetation index (NDVI) due to their relatively high green biomass, while irrigated areas, rainfed lands, Residential areas, and pastures have the lowest vegetation index. The results of vegetation index analysis for each land use class showed that forests, rainfed agriculture, and rangelands with the highest LST values and the lowest NDVI values while the lowest LST values and higher NDVI values were observed in forest and garden classes. Replacement of vegetation and forests with residential areas causes the conversion of wet soils to impenetrable surfaces, which leads to reduced surface evaporation. Absorbed solar radiation is converted to heat and reflected with higher values of LST. Increased vegetation has reduced the earth's surface temperature, and this is due to the fact that more vegetation leads to more evapotranspiration and transfer of part of the temperature and cooling of the earth's surface. Finally, the calculation of the participation index for each land use class in 1987 and 2019 showed that dryland agricultural use in 1987 and rangeland use in 2019 had the largest share in increasing surface temperature in the study area. According to the time of the selected images, the main reason for this participation can also be attributed to the time of harvest of dryland agricultural products and drying of pastures.Conclusion The results confirm the increase in surface temperature between different land use classes. Rangeland and dry agricultural uses showed higher LST values compared to forests and irrigated agriculture and water areas. High-temperature areas also had low NDVI values. Conversely, low-temperature areas such as vegetation and water had higher NDVI values. In addition, a high negative correlation was observed between LST and NDVI in both study periods. It has also been shown that rangeland and irrigated agriculture have a positive effect on LST, while forests and water have a cooling or moderating effect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

324 - Using a hybrid model of 3D GIS and meta-heuristic methods for optimizing tree shade coverage
Mohsen Ghods Hossein Aghamohammadi Zanjirabad Alireza Vafaeinezhad Saeed Behzadi Alireza Gharagozlo

10.30495/girs.2021.680238

Background and ObjectiveA method to reduce the absorption of solar radiation and prevent the creation of urban heat islands is to increase shade by vegetation. A shadow creating on buildings, causes houses to cool down, reduces energy consumption and costs, increases th More

Background and ObjectiveA method to reduce the absorption of solar radiation and prevent the creation of urban heat islands is to increase shade by vegetation. A shadow creating on buildings, causes houses to cool down, reduces energy consumption and costs, increases the value of houses, and creates a proper visual effect and a sense of well-being and vitality. Although economically, the amount of savings due to shade and cooling of the air for a tree during its lifetime in different climatic regions is different and depends on the type of tree, the amount of shade during the day and in different seasons of the year, but its effect on energy savings and costs are definite.  The subject of the present study is strategic planning to increase the shade coverage of trees in urban residential areas. A simple way to create plenty of shade is to plant numerous trees around buildings. However, this method is impractical in many areas that face water shortages due to its high costs. In addition, the presence of additional shadows on the rooftop of the buildings will reduce the ability to be exposed to sunlight and the potential of using solar panels to generate electricity. So the main challenge is using a method that can provide maximum shade coverage on the facade surface and minimum shadow coverage on the rooftop with a few trees in optimal locations. The issue of locating trees with the aim of optimizing shade coverage, i.e. maximizing shade coverage on facades and opening components, and minimizing shadow coverage on the rooftop, is a Non-deterministic Polynomial hard (NP-hard) problem and has no exact solution. Therefore, the 3D Geographic Information System and the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm have been used for this purpose. Previous studies have often examined the effects of tree canopy shade on a single building. But in most cities in Iran, buildings are connected together and form a building block. So, instead of a single building, a building block is examined. In addition, in most previous studies, the effect of shade coverage of a maximum of two trees on the building has been investigated; while in this study, we examine the effect of shade coverage of 15 trees on the building block. None of the studies on optimizing the shade of trees on the facade of the building has used the meta-heuristic optimization methods and its combination with GIS. In this study, a hybrid model of GIS in a three-dimensional environment and ACO is used for maximizing the shade of trees on the facade and opening components of buildings, and minimizing the shade of trees on the rooftop.Materials and Methods Two types of data are required to perform the analysis; The building block properties, for example, dimensions, position, and size of the facade, rooftop, and opening components, and the tree properties (height and position). 3D GIS and ACO algorithms have been used to model tree shade coverage optimization. 3D GIS provides abilities for storing, analyzing, and creating 3D topologies, and ACO is used to summarize real-world conditions in a mathematical problem. GIS and trigonometric rules have been used to store geographical information and spatial topology. After storing the position, composition, and description information of 2D and 3D objects by topological data, Duffie and Beckman relations (2013) is used to extract the position of the shadow. Then, according to Church and Revelle, the Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP) is defined. For the following 3 reasons, ACO has been used for three-dimensional optimization; 1) The complex trigonometric rules in calculating the shadow coverage on buildings, 2) There is no deterministic solution for optimization problems because of nonlinear constraints including trigonometric functions, 3) The existence of continuous space around the building block that It is possible to place a tree in any position. The details of the steps are; 1) Define the set of possible locations for the tree based on the height, diameter of the canopy, and around space of the building block, 2) Use a method to place the first tree in all possible places around the building block during hot hours on certain days of the summer and calculate the maximum shade coverage on the building block based on the weight of the building components, 3) Remove the places that may be done in the tree canopy to prevent overlapping of tree canopies, 4) Repeat steps 2 and 3 to place the next trees in the possible places around the building block until the number of trees reaches the desired number of trees to create shade. Considering the infinite possible positions, a simplification step is required to limit the number of available positions. Therefore, the constant space is reduced to possible positions for locating Ni trees with two-meter spacing in the N-S and E-W directions. Further, the possible tree positions in front of the opening components are eliminated to make daylight available, have an outlook from the building, and comment through the doors. The minimum spacing of two meters between the trees and the building is set to prevent unnecessary shading on the rooftop.Results and Discussion MATLAB environment is used to optimize the shade coverage of trees using the ACO algorithm. For this purpose, properties of the buildings block such as length, width, height, are modeled in a struct in MATLAB. This struct has separate matrices for the north, east, south, and west views of the building block. Another matrix is also used to model the rooftop. Each element of the mentioned matrices is equal to 10× 10 cm from the surface of the building block and has a value of zero. To model the dimensions and location of doors and windows in each facade, another struct includes separate matrices for each facade is used. In these matrices, the amount of elements in the location of doors and windows is one. The characteristics of the sun in the study area are used, including azimuth and altitude of the sun on the studied days in 15-minute intervals from 9 to 15 hours.  The shadow is created on building components, by placing the tree in any of the possible locations, and movement of the sun. The elements of the matrices equivalent to the shaded building components change from zero to one. The sum of the values of the matrix elements determines the amount of shadow created by the tree on each component of the building. The sum of the point multiplication of the door/window matrix elements in the facade matrix elements determines the amount of shadow created on the doors/windows. The objective function is defined and the ACO algorithm is used to maximize the shadow coverage of trees on the facade, doors/windows, and minimize the shadow coverage on the rooftop. The results of the ACO show that the optimal shade coverage on the buildings block, which creates the most shade on the facade and doors and windows and the least shade on the roof, depends on the number of trees and the position of the doors and windows in buildings block. In general, as the number of trees increases, the amount of shadow created on the building block components increases.Conclusion The results of the ACO showed that for buildings, in the northern hemisphere, the trees in the north of the buildings have no effect on casting shadows on the components of the building. Due to the fact that in arid and tropical regions there are restrictions on planting trees, finding a suitable position for trees plays an important role in optimizing the shade coverage. Due to the high heat transfer through the doors and windows compared to the facade and rooftop, the higher weight is considered for these components in the objective function. Finding the optimal position of the trees depends a lot on the position of the doors and windows in the building to create the most shadow on these components. For a buildings block with the number and dimensions of buildings assumed in the research and according to the dimensions and position of doors and windows, planting a tree in one of the positions K10, K16, K22, or K28 creates the most optimal shade. These positions are 2 meters from south of the buildings and in the middle of two windows. On average, this tree provides 7.48, 9.22, and 0.85% shade respectively on the facade, doors /windows, and rooftop from 9 to 15 o'clock in four days studied. In the case of planting two trees, two positions from positions K10, K16, K22, or K28 still provide the optimal shade. On average, these two trees provide 13.88%, 18.64%, and 1.69% of shade respectively on the whole facade, doors /windows, and rooftop at 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM. In the case of three trees, positions K8, K18, and K22, in the case of four trees, positions K14, K20, K26, and K32, in the case of five trees, positions K8, K14, K20, K26, and K32 create the optimal shadow. Shading coverage in the case of three trees, is 21.07, 28.54, and 2.54%, respectively on the facade, doors/windows, and rooftop, in the case of four trees, is 24.96, 35.36 and 3.39% respectively on the façade, doors/windows, and rooftop and in the case of five trees is 33.26, 44.70 and 3.95% respectively on the facade, doors/windows, and rooftop. By planting five trees, more than 88% of the south façade and more than 90% of the south façade doors/windows of the building will be covered with shade. However, due to the goal of optimizing the shadow on the building and the greater weight of the doors and windows, the ACO has optimized the position of the trees in such a way that more surfaces of the doors and windows are exposed to the shadows. Due to the fact that in the case of five trees, 90% of the southern facade is in the shade of trees, in the case of six trees, in addition to the southern facade, the eastern and western facades are also considered for planting trees. So that the positions K8, K14, K20, and K30 are chosen in the distance of 2 meters from the south and the position of H2 is chosen in the distance f 2 meters from the west, and the position of H36 is chosen in the distance of 2 meters from the east. On average, these trees provide 33.95%, 42.29%, and 3.64% shade respectively on the facade, doors/windows, and rooftop. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

325 - Vegetation classification based on wetland index using object based classification of satellite images (Case study: Anzali wetland)
Maryam Haghighi Khomami Mohammad Javad Tajaddod Mokaram Ravanbakhsh Fariborz Jamalzad Fallah

10.30495/girs.2021.679321

Background and ObjectiveRecently, a lot of studies have been done in Anzali wetland as one of the most important wetlands of Ramsar Convention, which has a high cost due to the nature and geographical location of the wetland. Advances in technology have made it possible More

Background and ObjectiveRecently, a lot of studies have been done in Anzali wetland as one of the most important wetlands of Ramsar Convention, which has a high cost due to the nature and geographical location of the wetland. Advances in technology have made it possible to evaluate natural environments more accurately, fast, and low cost with remote sensing data due to their easy accessibility, high accuracy, extensive and reproducible coverage in terms of time and space, and information extraction in a relatively short time. Because one of the most important problems in studying vegetation changes is the lack of accurate spatial information over time. Satellite imagery and remote sensing technology make it possible to achieve a better program for environmental management by relying on the information produced by it.  In this study, the vegetation classification of Anzali wetland was done by using the technique of Object base classifications of Landsat image incorporation with fieldwork based on the wetland index of plants as well as the vegetation index (NDVI) of the study area were analyzed. Wetland vegetation classification maps can be used to identify the amount and type of cover and planning to maintain and rehabilitate the wetland. Materials and Methods In this study, a vegetation map based on the wetland index is considered as one of the required criteria for ecological demarcation of wetlands. First, the general vegetation areas of the wetland on the coast and around it were identified.  Then, vegetation data of wetland aquatic species were collected from different wetland areas in 0.25 m2 plots. In the land margin area, the wetland species of the wetland margin were collected with a 1 m2 plot. A total of 42 plots were collected during the spring and summer of 2019. After preparing the required images, their preprocessing including geometric, atmospheric, radiometric corrections and image enhancement were performed using ENVI. Landsat 8 Image on July 29, 1998, with a spatial resolution of 30 meters was used to classify vegetation and prepare a map of vegetation index (NDVI) and image of Sentinel-2 satellite (July 98) due to 10 m of the ground resolution was used to combine with Landsat 8 data as auxiliary data in image classification. The combining of these two images improves the spatial resolution also preserves the spectral values of the multispectral image. The object-based classification was performed on the integrated Landsat 8 image using training data from field work. The classification accuracy was evaluated for each class using experimental samples as ground control points and the classification error matrix was extracted. Results and Discussion First, the dominant plants and representatives of their wetland index were identified by field work. Then, the relative percentage of dominant plant cover at the sampling site was calculated according to the standard list of identified plant species, and Plants were divided into two groups of wetland and non-wetland based on the wetland index. From the classification of plot species in 42 plots, 180 plant species were identified in 124 genera and 48 families. Also, four groups of wetland plants were: obligate wetland plants (OBL), facultative and obligate wetland plants (OBL & FACW), facultative upland, and facultative wetland plants (FACU & FACW), and facultative wetland plants (FACW). A vegetation map was prepared from a combination of terrestrial samples and object base classification of the 2019 Landsat satellite OLI image sensor.  The accuracy of the classified maps was evaluated based on the kappa coefficient and overall accuracy. The overall accuracy is 88.62% and the kappa coefficient is 84%. The Plant distribution was determined based on satellite image classification: OBL plants were observed in the water zone (west and Sorkhankol wetland margin), FACW plants were observed mostly in the dry margin and mainly in the southwest of the wetland (Siahkeshim wetland) and Choukam Wildlife Sanctuary in the eastern part of the wetland, OBL & FACW group with less uniform distribution was observed in the whole area and FACU & FACW group was observed in a small part in Choukam, north, and northwest of the wetland. The percentage of vegetation density map retrieved from the NDVI index shows the distribution of dense vegetation cover in different parts of the wetland and the limitation of the water level of the wetland bed. Conclusion The results of the satellite imagery study and their classification according to terrestrial samples showed that the spread and dispersal of obligate wetland species (OBL) were limited to water parts of the wetlands so that the highest distribution of these plants were in the west of the Anzali wetland and Sorkhankol. The spread of facultative wetland species (FACW) was in the arid areas of the wetland, which indicates the upland areas of the wetland in Siahkeshim (southwest) and Choukam (east). The result of image classification showed the percentage of plant group in each class: the agricultural class (with a present level of 23.9%) and the group of facultative species (FACW) (with a present level of 23.6% and mostly Phragmites, Alnus, and Salix species) have the top percentage of image classification classes of Anzali Wetland. This indicates more presence of facultative species compared to obligate species of wetland (OBL) (with a present level of 10.1%) and the level of agricultural land occupation, showed the wetland drying. The percentage of vegetation at the wetland level was assessed with the vegetation index (NDVI), most of which belongs to dense vegetation. Due to the fact that the satellite image is related to the summer season, this map shows the distribution of vegetation in different parts and the water level of the wetland bed, which has reduced the amount of water levels in the wetland. Periodic review of vegetation and its ecological changes provides useful information on changes in the water and ecological resources of the wetland to plan for its maintenance as an important ecosystem in the region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

326 - Study and prediction of land surface temperature changes of Yazd city: assessing the proximity and changes of land cover
Mohammad Mansourmoghaddam Iman Rousta Mohammadsadegh Zamani Mohammad Hossein Mokhtari Mohammad Karimi Firozjaei Seyed Kazem Alavipanah

10.30495/girs.2021.682083

Background and Objective The expansion of urbanization has increased the scale and intensity of thermal islands in cities. Investigating how cities are affected by these thermal islands plays an important role in the future planning of cities. For this purpose, this stu More

Background and Objective The expansion of urbanization has increased the scale and intensity of thermal islands in cities. Investigating how cities are affected by these thermal islands plays an important role in the future planning of cities. For this purpose, this study examines and predicts the effect of land cover (LC) changes in the three classes of LC including urban areas, barren lands, and vegetation on land surface temperature (LST) in the city of Yazd during the last 30 years using Landsat 5 and 8 images. This study also examines the effect of the ratio of proximity to the barren land and vegetation classes during this period to examine how the recorded LST is affected by the mentioned ratio.Materials and Methods The LC maps of Yazd city were extracted using a supervised Artificial Neural Network classifier for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. Terrestrial data, google earth, and ground truth maps were used to derive training data. The LST of Yazd was obtained from the thermal band of Landsat 5 and Landsat 8. After that, the LST was classified into six available classes, including 16-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40, and 41-46°C which has shown that the four last classes play an important role in LST changes in Yazd city during last 30 years. To evaluate the effects of the proximity of barren land and vegetation LC classes on the LST recorded by the sensor, firstly the proximity ratio was calculated in 5×5 kernels for all image pixels. Then the mean of LST was derived based on this ratio of barren and vegetation lands.Results and Discussion The results of this study showed that in Yazd city, from 1990 to 2020, the area of the urban area has grown 91.5 % (33.6 km2) over the last 30 years. Barren and vegetation land, have negative growth in the area over the same period. From 1990 to 2020, barren lands in Yazd experienced a growth -79.4% (21.3 km2), which the sharp growth of urban areas justifies this negative growth in barren lands. Vegetation classes in Yazd from 1990 to 2020, have experienced a growth -68.5% (12.2 km2). The average ground temperature of this city has been constantly increasing during these 30 years. By 2020, the city of Yazd, reaching an average of 38.1°C compared to 29.2°C in 1990, has experienced a 30.4% increase in its average LST. The temperature classes of this city have also moved towards warmer temperature classes in these 30 years. As the main part of the LST area of Yazd, in 1990, in the first place, the class of 26-30 °C with 47 km2 and at the second place the class of 31-35 °C with 26.4 km2 are classified. In 2000, in a reverse trend, the main LST class was 31-35°C with 52.8 km2 as the first place and the 26-30°C class with 20 km2 as the second place. With an increased class, the LST class of 36-40 °C for both 2010 and 2020 with 40.2 and 63 km2 respectively has been recorded as the largest LST class. The LST class of 31-35 °C has been recorded as the second LST class of both years with 33.2 and 9.7 km2, respectively. The difference between these two years is in the growth -70.7% (23.5 km2) of the class area of 31-35°C and the increase of 10.3% (0.8 km2) of the hottest class of the statistical period, 41-46°C, in 2020, compared to 2010. The results of this study also showed that the highest average temperature in all year was recorded for barren lands at 37.3°C. Also, a positive correlation (mean correlation 0.95) was shown between the proximity to barren land cover and the mean LST. However, the sharp upward trend of urban areas in the whole statistical period (91.5% with 33.6 km2) as the second class with the highest average LST after the barren lands with an average of 34.1 °C versus a downward trend of 79.4% (21.3 km2) of barren lands has increased the average LST over a statistical period of 30 years. It is because the decrease of 68.5% (12.2 km2) of vegetation areas as an LC class with the lowest average LST (32.2°C) in the same period, neutralized the effect of decreasing barren lands and intensified the trend of increasing the LST. Meanwhile, a negative correlation (mean correlation -0.97) was established between the ratio of proximity to vegetation and the average LST. The results of forecasting land cover changes in 2030 in the city of Yazd indicate that in a process similar to previous periods, the class of urban areas will increase. This growth will not be significant compared to 2020, with 1.6% (1.1 km2). However, a significant decrease in green areas (vegetation) by -19.6% (1.1 km2) in the same period, along with a slight decrease in barren lands -1.8% (0.1 km2) will cause the earth’s surface to become warmer, and the area of LST classes will be increased by the year. Accordingly, the main area of the LST class in 2030 for the city of Yazd, as in 2020, is forecasted 36-40°C with 58.2 km2 (-7.6% growth compared to 2020). But the dramatic growth of the hottest class of LST over the statistical period (41-46°C) with 166.3% (14.3 km2) growth as the second major class of LST in this year (2030), as well as the negative and dramatic growth of the relatively cooler class 31-35°C with -97.9 % (9.5 km2) in this year indicates the warmer ground surface temperature in 2030.Conclusion The results of this study indicate that in 30 years in Yazd city, the decrease in vegetation in the first place, along with the increase in urban areas in the second place, has caused an increase in LST. Thus, the vegetation class reduces the LST due to its cooling effect considering its water content. In this study, it was shown that by taking all factors into account, the reduction of barren lands will lead to a decrease in LST, and also increasing urban areas with a lower impact factor than barren lands will increase the LST. However, the decrease in the area of green lands (vegetation) in recent years, along with the sharp increase in the area of urban areas has caused an increase in LST. Increasing the proximity to vegetation by creating green areas by increasing the ratio of vegetation in the vicinity of different LC and also reducing the area of barren lands, can be a good solution to deal with the impact of urbanization in recent years on ground surface temperature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

327 - Investigation of land use change in Qom province along with climatic parameters using satellite remote sensing technology
Nima Rohani Afsaneh Moradi Faraj Barat Mojaradi Taher Rajaee Ehsan Jabbari

10.30495/girs.2021.681122

Background and Objective Modeling and showing the coverage of the land changes, provides a comprehensive view to researchers in various fields, including environmental and natural resources experts. One of the main methods of environmental studies is to study the land c More

Background and Objective Modeling and showing the coverage of the land changes, provides a comprehensive view to researchers in various fields, including environmental and natural resources experts. One of the main methods of environmental studies is to study the land cover/use and vegetation area change. In addition to showing spontaneous changes in nature, changes affected by human activities also fall into this category. Human construction has accelerated these changes in line with its development, especially in recent decades. Today, with the development of space-related sciences and remote sensing in general, and the production of more satellite products, it is possible to display the land use of different areas without the need for field visits and easily. The different behavior of the waves received by the satellite sensor from the various phenomena, known as a spectral signature is the basis for cognition and detection of the uses of the map. Such studies in Qom province have also been considered due to the very urban growth trend and the existence of several different types of climates in the not-so-wide area of this province. Qualitative and quantitative study and display of environmental and peripheral changes in Qom province over a period of about 30 years are one of the main objectives of the present study to help identify the trend of changes in different classes and complications and to model these changes in the future. Also, recognizing the changes in the outlook of Qom province, makes possible the ground for future planning.Materials and Methods In the present study, study times and time steps were selected based on changes in climatic/meteorological parameters. These steps were selected 5 years apart from 1989 to 2019. The study time point was considered to be the end of spring and the beginning of summer. The reason for this was the end of the rainy season in the area. Then the images of various Landsat satellite sensors were taken at specified time steps, and these images were pre-processed, processed, and classified into 11 classes. These 11 classes included; bare land, salty land, sandy land, tree, rock, urban areas, agricultural lands, and 3 different types of range. The results were also presented quantitatively and qualitatively. Based on the available real data, which was obtained visually and by sampling from different classes, the two maximum likelihood and minimum distance classification methods in Qom province were properly evaluated, which of the two, the maximum likelihood method yielded relatively better results considering the whole province with all classes and was used in the final classification. Finally, class changes between time steps were calculated and presented as a change matrix.Results and Discussion The results show that between 2014 and 2019, urban, water, agriculture, and ranges (types 1 and 3) have grown significantly. Also, between the two steps of 2009 to 2014, on average, about 30% of the total rangelands, ie three different types of classified rangelands, have become barren lands. Also, in this step, the main change observed was the largest change of sandy lands to bare lands, the reasons for which need further investigation. An examination of the changes between 2004 and 2009 shows that the negative growth in urban areas is mainly due to the poor quality of Landsat 7 satellite imagery and the similarity of the spectral behavior of salt lands and urban areas. The other negatively growing classes, including lakes, have become saltier lands and rocky areas have become barren, as well as salt lands have become barren and sandy. Examining the changes between 1999 and 2004, it is concluded that the negative changes in the tree class are due to the spectral behavior of vegetation, and this class has become mainly agricultural and rangeland classes. In the lake class, a 4 % change to the salt and rocky class has been detected. Major changes in the bare land class of about 12% have been detected in the rock and sand class. Also, more than 50% of the total area of range classes has been converted to bare land class, which is significant. The study of changes from 1994 to 1999 shows that only 3 classes had positive growth and the rest of the classes have negative growth, most of which was related to the urban class and the main changes were focused on bare lands. Vegetation classes all had negative growth and also due to the spectral similarity of these classes with each other, there was no proper separation between them. 12% of the bare land class has also been turned into a sandy land class. The classification of images and the display of changes from 1989 to 1994 show that sandy soils, range type 1, trees, salt lands, and lakes have grown negatively. In total, about 34% of different types of ranges have become bare lands, which seems reasonable due to the negative change in water areas (lake) and in a way indicates a faster drought. The extent to which other classes change to the bare land class, which includes relatively large numbers, also confirms this in some way.Conclusion Considering the geographical location of Qom province and a large area of this province, especially in the eastern half of it, which includes desert lands, including barren, saline, and sandy land classes, the selection of the classes mentioned in this research makes sense. Considering the major coverage of the province, one of the problems in the present study was that almost the majority of the pixels covering the province had a lot of similar spectral behavior and this issue made the classification process difficult.  In general, the classification results related to the images taken in 2019, which is related to the recent time, show positive growth in urban, agricultural, range, and water areas according to the rainfall in early spring 2019 it was logical. Another important point related to this year is the extensive change and conversion of the class of rocky lands into different types of ranges. According to the original image taken from 2019 and the classified images, the error related to the degrees of gray is evident in those images. The software considers the similarity of the degrees of gray and the same spectrum of urban and salt classes as part of a class. These errors are also evident in bare and sandy classes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

328 - An analysis of the land use/land cover changes of Shadegan International Wetland in the last two decades
Asma Rafei Afshin Danehkar Mehdi Zandebasiri Masoud Bagherzadekarimi

10.30495/girs.2022.684329

Background and Objective Wetlands, as one of the most sensitive ecosystems on Earth, are always facing various changes in their range, and changes in cover and use are among the most effective of these changes. The land has always been affected by human activities and u More

Background and Objective Wetlands, as one of the most sensitive ecosystems on Earth, are always facing various changes in their range, and changes in cover and use are among the most effective of these changes. The land has always been affected by human activities and uses. Those human activities that are limited to certain places and find a relatively stable position, create human uses. Therefore, analysis of wetland change has become a management priority. land use/land cover (LULC) plays a key role in the study of environmental developments at the local, regional and global levels. Human activity and change in the Earth's surface lead to changes in the structure and ecological processes of the Earth's natural systems. These changes mainly affect the main aspects of land functions (including energy balance, water, soil, and food network). In addition, pressure on natural resources, which is due to the human need for environmental resources and is often influenced by population growth drivers, leads to changes in the Earth's surface. Landscape changes due to human interventions lead to different developments and trends in land use/land cover. Therefore, time/coverage analysis is very important for understanding and routing spatial changes from the past to the present and planning for the future. Today, high-resolution multispectral and multi-temporal satellite data are used as an essential tool for estimating aspects such as vegetation, deforestation, and urban sprawl. Remote sensing and GIS technology provide a platform for studying landscape deformation across the earth's surface. Remote sensing data provide valuable information in a relatively short time and cost-effectively. High-resolution satellite imagery or aerial photographs can be used to study land use/land cover changes in different ecosystems and areas. The fact that Shadegan Wetland is one of the international wetlands in the country, which is currently on the Montreux list due to human interventions, can assess the developments around the wetland, especially in the process and type of land use/land cover changes, in identifying the drivers The main impact on this wetland is associated with its practical importance and helping to remove this wetland from the Montreux list. And waterfront can be used to adjust the exit bill of this wetland from the Montreux list. In this study, integrated remote sensing and GIS methods have been used to detect land use/land cover changes in the enclosed area and affect Shadegan wetland.Materials and Methods The study area is located in Shabangan Wetland, surrounded by the Ozon Plain. Due to the immediate man-made effects on Shadegan Wetland, especially the role of the surrounding roads and waterways, this area was closed on the latest Google Earth satellite images and then transferred to the layers used. In this area, the international distance is 48 degrees and 19 minutes and 16 seconds to 49 degrees and 3 minutes and 44 seconds and the northern latitude is 29 degrees and 55 minutes, 44 seconds to 38 degrees, 28 minutes and 42 seconds at a distance of about 60 kilometres. It is located south of Ahvaz, the capital of the province, and 5 km south of Shadegan. In this research, images of the 20 years of the Landsat satellite from the years 1999-to 2019 have been used. ENVI software is also used to classify images. After preprocessing and making the relevant corrections using the supervised classification method and the algorithm, the maximum likelihood of processing and highlighting the images was done, and also the kappa accuracy and coefficient of each layer were estimated for accuracy. Then, the preparation of cover and land use maps included different classes of natural land cover and human land uses. In the detection, the most important changes were made around the Shadegan wetland, so in this process, major changes in the existing classes were considered. To detect changes, the Change Detection method was used in ENVI software, which can provide complete information on changes in land use/land cover types. Land use changes were selected in 5 periods with a time interval of 20 (2019-1999).Results and Discussion Five-time periods of satellite data on the use and coverage of Shadegan Wetland in the years 2017, 2014, 2001, 1999, and 2019 were prepared after pre-processing and making relevant corrections using the supervised classification method and the maximum probability of processing and highlighting algorithm. Pictures were taken. The Kappa coefficient and the overall accuracy coefficient were used to evaluate the accuracy of the generated maps and according to the results, the 2019 data had the highest kappa coefficient and the highest overall accuracy. According to land cover and land use classes, the land use/land cover map of the study area was prepared for the mentioned five time periods. The findings of this study show that the land area of Shadegan wetland has changed from about 90,000 hectares in 2001 to about 150,000 hectares in 1999 during the 20 years ending 2019 the area of the wetland has decreased by about 40% in two years. After that, the wetland lands have increased and this increase continues gradually until today. However, despite this increase, the area of the wetland has not been provided in 1999, the area has decreased by about 16% compared to this year.Conclusion Considering the trend of bare lands without cover and saline lands, it can be concluded that these two diagrams have an inverse trend towards each other, which can be seen at this point or the intersection of the two desired covers. For this purpose, the desired cover must be obtained, which is created by runoff, so that in a period, the lands began to lose their coverage and became saline lands and salt ponds. Also, considering the increase in uncovering land in 2001 and the water trend, it can be concluded that this increase was due to the decrease in surface water. Due to the trend of saline lands in the relevant period and being in line with the water trend, if the water supply of the wetland is provided, thousands of saline’s will become natural lands. Also, the relative increase in water in recent years and the decrease in bare uncovered land, and the increase in saline land, indicate that the water that replaces bare uncovered land is saline. The two groups of land use and agricultural activity did not cause drastic changes in the study period and according to Table 4, the average percentage of changes in these two land uses was 4.5% and more than 1%, respectively, which is expected to have a significant impact on There is no process of destruction and destruction of lands around the wetland and therefore cannot be considered as a critical factor. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

329 - Determining the desertification intensity based on spectral indices using Sentinel-2 images (Case study: Sistan and Baluchestan province)
Farhad Zolfaghari Vahideh Abdollahi

10.30495/girs.2022.683802

Background and Objective Different vegetation covers have different albedo levels. On the other hand, surface albedo is one of the most important components of surface radiation balance, which can be used to identify severely degraded and desertified regions. Vegetation More

Background and Objective Different vegetation covers have different albedo levels. On the other hand, surface albedo is one of the most important components of surface radiation balance, which can be used to identify severely degraded and desertified regions. Vegetation can be considered as one of the most important key components in arid regions to reduce the effects of erosion and desertification due to the effects of vegetation for land surface stability. Expansion of desertification and also changes in vegetation cover, could be change the surface Albedo. The purpose of this study is to determine the desertification intensity based on spectral indices, Albedo, Topsoil Grain Size Index (TGSI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using remote sensing technology. Identification the damaged areas with the lowest cost in the shortest time, using Sentinel-2 images with a spatial resolution of 10 meters is one of the objectives of this study. Also, this study will introduce the best indicator for monitoring desertification intensity in arid regions for the first time in the Sistan and Baluchestan region based on spectral indices using Sentinel-2 images.Materials and Methods The following steps were performed to evaluate the intensity of desertification and identify the appropriate indicator in order to mapping the desertification intensity: 1) Selection the images and perform image preprocessing operations using SNAP software; 2) Calculation of TGSI, NDVI and Albedo indices; 3) Investigation the correlation between indices using SPSS®24 software. 4) Preparation of desertification intensity map of the region and obtaining the equation of desertification intensity using ArcGIS®10.3 software. In the first step of this research, Sentinel-2A satellite data related to MSIL-1C sensor was selected on August 20, 2020. The images were selected in such a way that the growing season of the plants is not annual and temporary, and also the day was selected when there is no cloud cover. The required images were downloaded and used from the URL address: http://scihub.copernicus.eu/. Results and Discussion The results of linear regression between NDVI and Albedo indices showed that, these two indices had negative correlation, and the correlation coefficient in Souran and Zabol was 0.76 and 0.63, respectively. The results showed that with increasing NDVI, decreased of the albedo index occurred. Also, the results of linear regression model showed strong and positive relationship between TGSI and Albedo indices, as the correlation coefficient of Souran and Zabol was 0.78 and 0.81, respectively. The results showed that the TGSI and the albedo simultaneously decreased or increased. Desertification intensity in the study areas was determined based on the equation I= a × Index ± Albedo and also by using Natural Breaks (Jenks) method in ArcGIS software, desertification intensity of study areas classified to 5 degrees, 1. Without desertification, 2. Low desertification, 3. Moderate desertification, 4. Severe desertification, and 5. Extremely desertification. In this study Albedo, NDVI and TGSI indices were extracted based on Sentinel-2 satellite data. The results of linear regression between NDVI and Albedo showed that there is strong negative relationship between these indices that was consistent with the results of similar studies. The high and negative correlation, means that any increase in the vegetation cover will lead to decrease the Albedo. On the other hands the areas with high Albedo, indicate degradation of vegetation cover and bare soil. In the regions with sever desertification intensity, the value of surface Albedo was high and the vegetation cover was low. Classification of desertification intensity in Sistan region based on Albedo-NDVI model showed that 27.73% of the area were in the class of without desertification intensity, 18.03% in the low class, 32.92% in the moderate class, 20.3% were in the severe class and only 1.02% of the area were in the very severe desertification intensity class. Also, the classification of desertification intensity in Souran based on Albedo-NDVI model showed 4.82% of the area without desertification, 8.44% in low class, 50.97% in moderate class, 34.48% in severe class and 1.3% of the area were in very severe desertification class. The highest percentage of desertification intensity of the area were in the moderate class. The results of linear regression between TGSI and Albedo indices also showed that there is a positive and strong relationship between these indices. The results showed that the relationship between TGSI and Albedo indices was stronger than the relationship between NDVI and Albedo indices and in both regions the correlation coefficient was higher. One of the main reasons for this is the dispersion of vegetation cover in arid areas. The relationship between TGSI and Albedo better shows the spatial characteristics of vegetation-free areas as well as areas with very low vegetation cover to determine the intensity of desertification. The TGSI index reflects the coarse particle size of the topsoil, which has a positive relationship with the fine sand content of the topsoil. Whatever the larger particle size of the topsoil, will have the greater desertification intensity. In the areas where the content of fine sand in the topsoil is high, the high range of TGSI index will be seen.Conclusion In this study, using Sentinel-2 multispectral images and remote sensing technique, we extracted the intensity of desertification in different arid regions of the Sistan and Baluchestan province, for the first time in Iran. Based on the spectral reflection that occurred from the ground and the spatial resolution of 10 meters, we studied the intensity of desertification in two areas. Based on the results of this research, we suggest to use the combination of Albedo-NDVI and Albedo-TGSI models in order to monitoring the desertification intensity in arid regions of Iran. The results of this study showed that areas without desertification and low intensity of desertification are better identified based on Albedo-TGSI model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

330 - Assessment of spatial changes and the effect of climatic elements affecting the occurrence of dust phenomenon in two sources inside and outside by remote sensing technique
Sedigheh Iosefi Hossein Gharehdaghi Marzieh Rezaie

10.30495/girs.2023.686989

Iran's location in the desert belt of the northern hemisphere, rainfall irregularities, multiple droughts and poor vegetation have caused the phenomenon of dust in the country. This phenomenon is one of the most important environmental hazards that causes a lot of damag More

Iran's location in the desert belt of the northern hemisphere, rainfall irregularities, multiple droughts and poor vegetation have caused the phenomenon of dust in the country. This phenomenon is one of the most important environmental hazards that causes a lot of damage every year in different parts, especially in the southern and southwestern provinces of the country. The present study investigates the causes of dust storms in Hormozgan province in the period from 2002 to 2009. In this study, which was conducted using the statistics of the Meteorological Organization of Iran in five synoptic stations of Hormozgan province, dust days with two sources near and outside the synoptic stations were extracted and after annual and monthly monitoring of storms, using climatic elements. And Plant Index (EVI) was investigated for dust storms using multivariate regression. The results show that dust with a source close to the station causes the most dust days in the region, so that more than 65% of dust days caused by dust originates near the station and the most occurrence of dust occurred in the warm season. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the simultaneous use of ground measurements and satellite images has a good ability to monitor and investigate dust storms. Due to the fact that most of the dust in this area is close to the station, it is possible to reduce the significant volume of these storms by biological and mechanical measures and to deal with wind erosion. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

331 - The effect of land use change/land cover on land surface temperature in the coastal area of Bushehr
Fazel Amiri Tayebeh Tabatabaie

10.30495/girs.2022.692349

Background and Objective Urbanization accelerates the ecological stress by warming the local or global cities for a large extent. Many urban areas are suffering from huge land conversion and resultant new heat zones. Remote sensing techniques are significantly effective More

Background and Objective Urbanization accelerates the ecological stress by warming the local or global cities for a large extent. Many urban areas are suffering from huge land conversion and resultant new heat zones. Remote sensing techniques are significantly effective in detecting the land use/land cover (LULC) change and its consequences. Several satellite sensors are capable to identify these change zones by using their visible and near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands. Apart from the conventional LULC classification algorithms, some spectral indices are used in detecting specific land features. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) can be considered the most applied spectral index in this scenario. NDVI is a dominant factor in LST derivation processes and is used invariably in any LST-related study. NDVI is directly used in the determination of land surface emissivity and thus is a significant factor for LST estimation. It also determines the LULC categories by its optimum threshold limits in the different physical environments. Being a vegetation index, NDVI depends largely on seasonal variation. Hence, LST is also regulated by the change of seasons. Thus, seasonal evaluation of LST and NDVI is an important task in LST mapping and monitoring, especially in an urban landscape. In this research, LST and NDVI in August in the coastal lands of Bushehr are investigated using Landsat satellite images for the years 1990, 2005 and 2020. The LULC map was obtained with suitable threshold values of NDVI. The objectives of this study are; 1) to analyze the temporal changes of the LST spatial distribution pattern in the study area, 2) to determine the spatial-temporal changes of the LST-NDVI relationship for the whole studied land, and 3) to investigate the spatial-temporal changes of the LST relationship - NDVI in different types of land use/cover.Materials and Methods The land study area of Bushehr city, which is on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf, with dimensions of 20 × 8 km2 an area of 1011.5 km2 and with an average minimum temperature of 18.1 oC and an average maximum temperature of 33 oC, relative humidity between 58-75% and the average annual rainfall is 272 mm.  The data used in this research include; Landsat 8 (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sounder (TIRS) data in 2020; 2005 ETM+ data, and 1990 TM data downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) (https://earth explorer.usgs.gov). The Landsat 8 TIRS instrument has two TIR bands (bands 10 and 11), in which band 11 has calibration uncertainty. Therefore, only TIR band 10 (100 m resolution) is recommended for the present study. The 10 TIR band was converted to a pixel size of 30 × 30 meters by the USGS cubic convolution method. Landsat 5 TM data has only one TIR thermal infrared band (band 6) with 120 m resolution, which was also converted by USGS to 30 × 30 m pixel size by cubic convolution method. For Landsat TM and ETM+ data, the spatial resolution of 30 m visible to near-infrared (VNIR) bands was used. The maximum likelihood classification method was applied to validate NDVI threshold-based LULC classification. In this study, the mono-window algorithm was applied to retrieve LST from multi-temporal Landsat satellite sensors. NDVI can extract different types of LULC by using the optimum threshold values. These threshold values can differ with respect to the differences in the physical environment. The NDVI threshold limits were applied to the images to extract the different LULC types.Results and Discussion The overall accuracy values of the LULC classification were 73.6%, 83.9%, and 84.6% in 1990, 2005, and 2020, respectively. The kappa coefficients for the LULC classification were 0.77, 0.80, and 0.84 in 1990, 2005, and 2020, respectively. In the present study, the average overall accuracy and average kappa coefficient were 80.7% and 0.80, respectively. Thus, the NDVI threshold method-based LULC classification was significantly validated. The results of this research showed a gradual rising (1.4 °C during 1990–2005 and 2 °C during 2005–2020) of LST during the whole period of study. The mean LST value for three study years was the lowest (30.86 °C) on green vegetation and the highest (49.07 °C) on bare land and built-up areas. The spatial distribution of NDVI and LST reflects an inverse relationship. The best (-0.97) and the least (-0.80) correlation, respectively, whereas a moderate (-0.89) correlation was noticed. This LST-NDVI correlation was strong negative (-0.80) on the vegetation surface. The LST is greatly controlled by land-use characteristics.Conclusion The present study analyzes the spatial, and temporal relationship of LST and NDVI in Bushehr coastal lands using 3 Landsat data sets for 1990, 2005, and 2020. The mono-window algorithm was applied in deriving LST. In general, the results showed that LST is inversely related to NDVI, irrespective of any year. The presence of vegetation is the main responsible factor for high negativity. The LST-NDVI relationship varies for specific LULC types. The green area presents a strong negative (-0.80) regression. The mean LST of the study area was increased by 3.4 °C during 1990-2020. The conversion of other lands into the built-up area and bare land influences a lot on the mean LST of the city. Both the changed and unchanged built-up area and bare land suffer from the increasing trend of LST. This study can be used as a reference for land use and environmental planning on coastal land. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

332 - Investigation of the relationship between air pollutant concentrations with vegetation index (NDVI)
Ali Soleymani Damaneh Abolhassan Gheiby Abbasali Aliakbari Bidokhti Hossein Malakooti Hadi Eskandari Damaneh

10.30495/girs.2022.691680

ABSTRACT Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are the most important air pollutants that have reduced world air quality. The sources of these pollutants are mainly man-made activities such as transportation, industry and other industrial applications, which d More

ABSTRACT Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are the most important air pollutants that have reduced world air quality. The sources of these pollutants are mainly man-made activities such as transportation, industry and other industrial applications, which due to the increase in these activities in developing countries,. In this study, we use the SO2 and NO2 column concentration data, which are collected by Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) during the 14 years (2005-2018). By examining the vertical column concentration of SO2 and NO2 and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) during the 14-year period (2005-2008) over Iran using Mann-Kendall Test and Theil-Sen estimator. We were able to estimate the increase or decrease trends of the growth of these quantities which seem also to have a positive or negative correlation with each other in certain areas. For example, metropolises as well as industrial areas had a significant upward trend, while some areas also had a decreasing trend during these 14 years. Among all of the study area, Tehran metropolis had the highest trend increase during these 14 years, so that every year we witness an ever increasing value of these pollutions. Examining the correlation of these pollutants with vegetation index, we found that in 61.07% of Iran, there is a positive correlation between vegetation index and gas concentration NO_2and 38.93% shows a negative correlation in certain areas. For SO_2 pollutant, it shows 58.36% positive correlation with vegetation index and 41.64% negative correlation in some areas. . This indicate that other factors are also involved as precipitation changes in different areas of Iran. In the desert areas of the center and east of the country, there is a positive correlation between vegetation index and NO2 pollutants. Rainfall is also low and consequently the vegetation of the area will be poor. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

333 - Modeling of Aboveground Carbon stock using Sentinel -1, 2 satellite Imagery and Parametric and Nonparametric Relationships (Case Study: District 3 of Sangdeh Forests)
Seyed Mahdi Rezaei Sangdehi Asghar Fallah Homan Latifi Nastaran Nazariani

10.30495/girs.2023.690665

In this study, the goal is; Find suitable statistical and experimental models for estimating ground carbon storage by combining spectral and radar data from Sentinel 1, 2. There are 150 random circular samples with an area of 10 acres and a total of 150 samples. With gl More

In this study, the goal is; Find suitable statistical and experimental models for estimating ground carbon storage by combining spectral and radar data from Sentinel 1, 2. There are 150 random circular samples with an area of 10 acres and a total of 150 samples. With global coverage, all height classes were selected. Species of species type, the total height of trees, and diameter equal to the chest of trees with more than 7.5 cm were recorded in each sample plot. After that, the amount of biomass at the surface of the sample parts was calculated based on the FAO global model and the amount of carbon storage on the ground by applying a coefficient. Radar and spectral images were subjected to various preprocessing operations and necessary processing. Then, the numerical values corresponding to the ground sample plots were extracted from the spectral bands and considered as independent variables. Modeling was performed by non-parametric methods of RF, SVM, kNN, and parametric methods of multiple linear regressions. The results showed that the average ground biomass was 469.07 tons per hectare and carbon storage was 234.53 tons per hectare. Also, the highest correlation was obtained between the main and artificial bands with the two characteristics related to the near-infrared band. The results of modeling validation showed the combination of optical and radar data of Sentinel 1, 2 satellites with biomass and surface carbon storage; Random forest method with the RMSE%, and percentage of bias. The studied characteristics (32.79, -2.24) and (30.79 and 0.01), respectively, have had a better performance in modeling. In general, the results obtained from the validation showed that in estimating the two characteristics the RF method showed better results if the Sentinel 1, 2 data were combined, and in contrast to the SVM. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

334 - Monitoring of vegetation changes using daily Landsat-Modis simulated images at in three years of wet, normal and drought in arid region (Case study: Nimroze city)
Moien Jahantigh Mansour Jahantigh

10.30495/girs.2023.685742

Background and Objective land degradation and desertification in arid areas are the most important environmental challenges in the world. This process due to the lack of precipitation and the occurrence of drought, while the unreasonable exploitation of natural and agri More

Background and Objective land degradation and desertification in arid areas are the most important environmental challenges in the world. This process due to the lack of precipitation and the occurrence of drought, while the unreasonable exploitation of natural and agricultural areas with increasing demand to provide human food needs, affects various environmental and socio-economic dimensions. So, the continuation of this condition during recent years with the destruction of vegetation and soil, wind and water erosion, soil salinity, soil compaction, and declining groundwater aquifers have significant consequences for the production of agricultural products and biodiversity in an arid region. Since the pattern and dimensions of vegetation changes are the most important factors in detecting land degradation, monitoring the vegetation changes is the best approach to analyzing land degrading and desertification trends in an arid region. Therefore, according to the capabilities of remote sensing data due to the wide coverage and multi-timed,  the use of satellite imagery to monitor vegetation changes by using vegetation index is one of the best methods that developed in recent years. Moreover, concurrent access to high spatial and temporal resolution imageries is one of the important factors that affect the monitoring of vegetation changes. To achieve this goal, It needs to incorporate different satellites with high spatial (e.g., Landsat satellite) and temporal (e.g., MODIS satellite) images. The purpose of this study is the monitoring vegetation changes using daily Landsat simulated images at 30 m Spatial Resolution in three years of wet, normal, and drought in the Nimroze area.Materials and Methods The study area is located in the north of the Sistan and Baluchistan provinces. Low precipitation (50 mm), high temperature (48 oC), high evaporation (5 m), and 120-day winds are among the specific climatic conditions that characterize this region. In this study, at first, the hydrological drought status of the Hirmand River was investigated. Using the Hydrostats package in R software, the amount of threshold of flood by running the related codes (by running codes such: daily.cv, ann.cv, high. spell, and low. spell) during the statistical period of study (29 years) was calculated. To determine wet, normal, and drought years calculated the length of periods that flood is higher (high. spell. lengths) and lower (low. spell. lengths) than the threshold. To increase the accuracy of monitoring vegetation changes, it needs to incorporate different satellites with high spatial (e.g., Landsat) and temporal (e.g., MODIS) images. To achieve this purpose, in this study, the Enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (ESTARFM) was evaluated with actual satellite data (OLI, ETM+, TM image). For this purpose at first, pre-processing (geometric, radiometric, and atmospheric correction) was performed on satellite images, and by using the ESTRFM model, simulated daily Landsat images at 30 m spatial resolution for wet, normal, and drought years. In-field operations from different plant communities by GPS were sampled. Comparing filed data with the Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), the vegetation index that had the highest correlation with field data was selected. To investigate vegetation changes, using the vegetation index (the vegetation index with high correlation), the map of vegetation for each year was prepared (wet, normal, and drought years). After the classification maps of vegetation, by comparison, approach (cross tab), the map of vegetation changes was extracted.Results and Discussion The results of analyzing wet and dry periods showed that, flood volume in dry years compare to normal and wet years decreased 31 and 82 percentages, respectively. To incorporation MODIS and Landsat (OLI, ETM+, TM) Images, using enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (ESTARFM), finding indicate that this model improves the accuracy of predicted fine-resolution reflectance and preserves spatial details for heterogeneous landscapes too. So that the mean coefficient of determination (R2) of blue, green, red and near-infrared estimation bands with actual satellite images data is 0.91, 0.89, 0.92 and 0.91 respectively. Also the average Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) in four bands obtained 0.01, 0.027, 0.028 and 0.031 successively. Comparing the obtained field data with the Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), indicate that SAVI index has the highest correlation (R2= 87) with vegetation of study region. By calculate the regression model (using SAVI and field data) and classify the vegetation maps of wet, normal and drought years, 6 class obtained (class1=0-10%, class2=20-10%, class3=20-30%, class4=40-50%, class5=60-80% and class6=>80%). The results of investigation vegetation changes indicate that during the drought period 70% of study area has less than 10% vegetation (equal to 138176.3 hectares) and during normal and wet years by increasing vegetation, this area decreased by 30 and 48% respectively (equal to 66269.98 and 50559.7 hectares, respectively). According to the results during the study period, the most vegetation changes is relate to conversion of class 1 to class 2 (equivalent to 48.5%). moreover 18 and 27% of vegetation changes relate to class 1 and 2 to class 4 and 5 respectively (equal to 16284.26 and 11471.88 hectares, respectively). Also the finding indicates that the most vegetation changes occurrence in wetland-forest (28%), forest-rangeland (21%) and poor rangeland (19%) land uses respectively. Field study also showed that, the most important plant species that grows in this land-use such as the results of analyzing wet and dry periods showed that flood volume in dry years compare to normal and wet years decreased by 31 and 82 percent, respectively. To incorporation MODIS and Landsat (OLI, ETM+, TM) Images, using enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (ESTARFM), the finding indicates that this model improves the accuracy of predicted fine-resolution reflectance and preserves spatial details for heterogeneous landscapes too. So that the mean coefficient of determination (R2) of blue, green, red, and near-infrared estimation bands with actual satellite images data is 0.91, 0.89, 0.92, and 0.91 respectively. Also, the average Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) in four bands obtained 0.01, 0.027, 0.028, and 0.031 successively. Comparing the obtained field data with the Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), indicate that the SAVI index has the highest correlation (R2=87) with the vegetation of the study region. By calculating the regression model (using SAVI and field data) and classifying the vegetation maps of wet, normal, and drought years, 6 classes obtained (class1=0-10%, class2=20-10%, class3=20-30%, class 4=40-50%, class5=60-80% and class6=>80%). The results of the investigation of vegetation changes indicate that during the drought period, 70% of the study area has less than 10% vegetation (equal to 138176.3 hectares) and during normal and wet years by increasing vegetation, this area decreased by 30 and 48% respectively (equal to 66269.98 and 50559.7 hectares, respectively). According to the results during the study period, most vegetation changes are related to the conversion of class 1 to class 2 (equivalent to 48.5%). moreover, 18 and 27% of vegetation changes relate to class 1 and 2 to class 4 and 5 respectively (equal to 16284.26 and 11471.88 hectares, respectively). Also, the finding indicates that the most vegetation changes occur in wetland-forest (28%), forest-rangeland (21%), and poor rangeland (19%) land use respectively. The field study also showed that the most important plant species that grow in this land use such as Aeluropus littoralis, Chenopodiace sp, Tamarix aphylla, Haloxylon aphylum are adaptive to climatic regime in study area.Conclusion In this research for the first time in the Nimroz region of Sistan Vegetation changes were studied using Landsat simulated images during periods of low water, normal, and high water years. Due to low rainfall and harsh climate in the study area, floods in the Helmand River are the only source of water supply required in the study area. The results of analyzing wet and dry periods showed that flood volume in dry years compared to normal and wet years has decreased by 31 and 82, respectively. According to the reduction of flood volume during a drought year, 70% of the study area has poor vegetation and during normal and wet years, providing plants with water needs and increasing vegetation, this area had decreased by 30% and 48%, respectively. According to the results of this study, change in hydrological conditions of the Hirmand River has a significant role in vegetation changes in the study area by using simulated images with high spatial and temporal resolution can improve the accuracy of monitoring vegetation changes to control and management the desertification in Sistan area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

335 - Vegetation Vulnerability Probability Index: A Method for Determining Desertification Risk
Esmail Heydari Alamdarloo Pouyan Dehghan Rahimabadi Hassan Khosravi Javad Rafie Sharifabad Hassan Barabadi

10.30495/girs.2022.692984

Determining desertification risk can be a good way to prioritize an area for management and control of the desertification process. One determinant of desertification risk is the use of the Probability of Vegetation Vulnerability Index (PVVI). For this purpose, in this More

Determining desertification risk can be a good way to prioritize an area for management and control of the desertification process. One determinant of desertification risk is the use of the Probability of Vegetation Vulnerability Index (PVVI). For this purpose, in this study, LST and EVI of MOD11A2 and MOD13A2 products, respectively, from MODIS sensors were used to calculate TCI and VCI to estimate VHI in Yazd province from 2001 to 2019. VHI, which indicates the severity of drought, was classified into five classes. Then, the probability of occurrence for each class was calculated and multiplied by the weight of each class, which was between zero and 4 based on the severity of the drought. Finally, by adding the values obtained for each class, PVVI was calculated. The results showed that in the western, eastern, and southern parts of Yazd province, the risk of vegetation degradation and consequent desertification is generally higher than in other areas. The highest probability of Non-drought class occurs in Abarkooh (VHI = 68.34) and the lowest is in Ardakan (VHI = 53.59). Abarkooh with 14.03% and Ardakan with 46.02% have the lowest and the highest areas in the high class of PVVI. Also desert areas and uncovered lands, such as Abarkuh, were at low risk of desertification, which could be due to the ecological inability of this area to regenerate the vegetation cover. In general, the evaluation of the results obtained in this study showed that PVVI can distinguish real deserts from the areas that are at risk of desertification. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

336 - Identification and separation of land covers by optical and RADAR image fusion
Mostafa Kabolizadeh Sajad Zareie Rahman Khanafereh

10.30495/girs.2023.1975829.2031

Classification and separation of land cover is one of the most important applications of remote sensing. To perform classification, multispectral satellite data are an efficient tool, but unfortunately, they are not available in some conditions, such as cloudy weather. More

Classification and separation of land cover is one of the most important applications of remote sensing. To perform classification, multispectral satellite data are an efficient tool, but unfortunately, they are not available in some conditions, such as cloudy weather. Also, most remote sensing data classification algorithms operate based on the characteristics and spectral information of pixels, which causes the useful spatial information that can be extracted from the images to be ignored, including; The texture of the pictures. The simultaneous use of texture and spectral information is a topic that has been less discussed. Therefore, considering this idea, two methods were used to select the optimal features for preparing the land cover map. The first method is the normalized reflection of complications according to the extracted features and the second method is applying the Optimum Index Factor on the extracted textural and spectral features. For this purpose, the classification process using the Support Vector Machine method, on the Sentinel-1 radar image and the Sentinel-2 multispectral image, the optimal features selected by the two methods and the combination of image bands with the optimal features selected by It was done by two methods and finally by combining the best combination of radar and optical bands. According to the obtained results, the classification using spectral features is more accurate than the classification using texture features. By combining the optical and radar features and obtaining values of 97.07% for the overall accuracy and 0.96% for the Kappa coefficient, the classification accuracy was improved to a great extent. This research showed that by choosing optimal features and combining spectral and radar data, different features of each data can be used and better results can be achieved. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

337 - Monitoring land use changes and vegetation in Damghan watershed
shima nikoo Peyman Akbarzadeh

10.30495/girs.2022.697513

Vegetation and land use due to natural and human factors change over time and affect the functioning of the ecosystem. Monitoring of environmental factors changes over time is important to understand the interrelationships between humans and natural phenomena in order t More

Vegetation and land use due to natural and human factors change over time and affect the functioning of the ecosystem. Monitoring of environmental factors changes over time is important to understand the interrelationships between humans and natural phenomena in order to make better decisions about sustainable land management. Remote sensing multispectral images are very useful for gaining a better understanding of the environment. Due to widespread changes in land use and vegetation, the use of remote sensing technology has become an important tool for monitoring changes in vegetation / land use. In the present study, changes in vegetation by NDVI and land use changes in 2000-2020 in Damghan watershed in Semnan province using Landsat 8, 7 and 5 satellite images -OLI, ETM + and TM sensors, eCognition software and GIS identified. The results showed that the area of gardens, urban areas, barren land, and the area of surface water resources due to the construction of the dam have increased 6624, 635, 54757.4 and 453.15 hectares respectively. Also the area of rangeland, forest and agricultural lands have decreased 12976.25, 40438.44 and 9055.62 hectares respectively. The highest values of NDVI are related to 2020 and 2000 with the values of 0.598 and 0.481, respectively, and the lowest values of NDVI related to 2010 and 2020 are 0.406 and 0.359, respectively. The results of NDVI vegetation index during the study period showed that the area of lands with low vegetation has increased by 163798.3 hectares and the area of lands with medium and good vegetation has decreased by 11101.4 and 52796.9 hectares, respectively. Then these changes were evaluated with R software and the results showed that vegetation on 227754 hectares of the study area has decreased, on 358327.11 hectares has been unchanged and finally on 8146.89 hectares has increased. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

338 - Investigation of Vegetation Changes and Its Effect on Surface Temperature Changes (Case study: SarpolzahabCity)
Mostafa Dastorani

10.30495/girs.2023.1967287.2005

The present research was conducted in order to measure the changes of urban surface heat islands in 3 time periods of 1984, 1998 and 2016 using vegetation indices, urban built-up areas index and land surface temperature index. For this purpose, after determining the bou More

The present research was conducted in order to measure the changes of urban surface heat islands in 3 time periods of 1984, 1998 and 2016 using vegetation indices, urban built-up areas index and land surface temperature index. For this purpose, after determining the boundaries of the area, pre-processing steps including radiometric and atmospheric corrections of images, arrangement of bands, mosaicing and cropping of images based on the study area were carried out on TM and ETM+ Landsat 8 sensor images. Then, NDVI, SAVI and NDBI indexes were applied on the images and through the difference of the images, temporal and spatial monitoring of vegetation cover was started and changes were studied in the form of three types of decrease, increase and no change. Also, to calculate the surface temperature index (LST), thermal bands 10 and 11 of Landsat 8 and band 6 of Landsat 5 were used. The results showed that the two indices NDVI and SAVI had a decreasing trend, but the NDBI index had an increasing trend so that the amount of changes in the first period decreased from 77% to 63% in the SAVI index and in the NDVI index from 45% to 41%, while the NDBI index was 51% in the first period and increased to 57% in the second period. In the same period, the LST index has had a heterogeneous trend, but it seems that the distribution of this index has changed from a widespread state to a patchy state, which means that in the future, heat waves will occur locally in areas of the city that have ventilation problems and It can reduces the quality of life and provides the basis for related diseases. Therefore, built-up urban areas have intensified urban heat islands and the density of vegetation has moderated urban heat islands. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

339 - Assessment relations of land use in heat islands using time series ASTER sensor data (Case study: Bandar Abbas city)
Ali aKbar Matkan Ahmad Nohegar Babak Mirbagheri Nahid Torkchin

Investigation of the situation of heat radiation scattering and its relationship by land use types is important in identification of the urban microclimate. Temperature is one of the features that are influenced by environmental conditions and it is considered as one of More

Investigation of the situation of heat radiation scattering and its relationship by land use types is important in identification of the urban microclimate. Temperature is one of the features that are influenced by environmental conditions and it is considered as one of quality indices of environmental. According to this study the quality of the environment and the amount of pressure on which come to attention. On the other hand, land use planning as the main core of the urban planning based understanding of the environment is searching to find a way to improvement of environmental, social and ecological system of cities to the aims of sustainable development, especially countries. In this study, the effects of land use/cover and risk of land surface temperature (LST) in the coastal city of Bandar Abbas assessed by using satellite imaging data Terra ASTER for the years 2007 and 2011. After the processing required and using the heat equation, the surface temperature was prepared. Land use layers and harvesting of selected parts and also inferential statistical tests (Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficient) the relation between land use/cover and surface temperature was calculated. The results showed industrial areas, barren land of high temperature and high coastal areas due to the presence of water due to evaporation and transpiration from vegetation green leaf area of trees and shade temperatures were lower than those of other users. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

340 - Comparing artificial neural network, support vector machine and object-based methods in preparation land use/cover mapsusing landSat-8 images
Farnoush Aslami Ardavan Ghorbani Behrouz Sobhani Mohsen Panahandeh

Preparing the maps of land use/cover for spatial planning and management is essential. Nowadays, satellite images and remote sensing techniques have widespread applications according to their capabilities to produce the updated data and analyze the images in all discipl More

Preparing the maps of land use/cover for spatial planning and management is essential. Nowadays, satellite images and remote sensing techniques have widespread applications according to their capabilities to produce the updated data and analyze the images in all disciplines such as agriculture and natural resources. In the present study, Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machines and Object-Based techniques wereutilized for drawing the land use and vegetation maps in Ardabil, Namin, and Nir counties. The images of LandSat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) (2013) were usedafter geometric correction and topographic normalization and classified into 9 land use/cover classes including water bodies, irrigated farming, rainfed farming, meadows, outcrops, forests, rangelands, residential and airport areas. After the accuracy assessment, overall accuracy for the produced maps of ANN, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Object-based (OB) techniques was estimated as 89.91, 85.68 and 94.37%, respectively and Kappa's coefficients were 0.88, 0.82 and 0.93, respectivelyindicating that the object-based method in comparison with two other methods has more advantages;on the other hand, all three methods could provide the desirable accuracy for the land use/covermaps. Overally, three advanced classification methods were examined in the heterogeneous area with elevation changes up to 3600m using the images of new lunched Landsat 8 and the most appropriate land use/cover mapping method was introduced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

341 - Development trend analysis of urban heat island regarding land use/cover changes using time series of landSat images
Sirous Hashemi Dareh Badami Isar Nouraeisefat Saeid Karimi Sajad Nazari

Using time series of satellite images is a cheap and efficient way to study trend changes of natural and human phenomena. The aim of the studyis to analyze the development of Urban Heat Iisland (UHI) in Rasht using time series satellite images. For this study, time seri More

Using time series of satellite images is a cheap and efficient way to study trend changes of natural and human phenomena. The aim of the studyis to analyze the development of Urban Heat Iisland (UHI) in Rasht using time series satellite images. For this study, time series of LandSat images during 1990 and 2015 were used. Thresholding Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Fraction Vegetation Cover (FVC) method has been applied to obtain the land surface emissivity; in addition, Planck's law for TM and ETM+ images and Split Window (SW) algorithm for OLI/TIRS images were utilized in order to retrieve land surface temperature. UHI and FVC trends were analyzed by statistical and Mann-Kendall methods. Statistical analysis showed that the average of FVC has decreased during the study periodand data skewness has changed to low FVC. The reduction trendhas increased FVC caused an average normalized temperature during the study period and also enhanced the data skewness of land surface temperature. The Mann-Kendall spatial analysis showed that in most of the study area, the land surface temperature and vegetation fraction haveincreased and decreasing trends, respectively; these mentioned trends have been intensified in the places where gardens and agricultural land uses were changed into built-up ones. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

342 - Evaluating non-parametric supervised classification algorithms in land cover map using LandSat-8 Images
Vahid Mirzaei Zadeh Maryam Niknejad Jafar Oladi Qadikolaei

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of three support vector machine algorithms, fuzzy decision trees and neural networks for mapping land vegetation map of Arakvaz watershed using OLI sensor of Landsat images (2014). Geometric correction and image pre-p More

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of three support vector machine algorithms, fuzzy decision trees and neural networks for mapping land vegetation map of Arakvaz watershed using OLI sensor of Landsat images (2014). Geometric correction and image pre-processing were utilized to determine the training samples of land vegetation classes for the classification operations. Sample resolution in the vegetation classes has been evaluated using a statistical divergence index. On the next stage, to evaluate the accuracy of algorithms' classification results, ground truth map with the dimensions of 550 m was designed using systematic approach and land vegetation types in the sampling plots were determined. Finally, the efficiency of each classification methodwas investigated bysuch criteria as overall accuracy, kappa coefficient, producer accuracy and user accuracy.Comparing the accuracy and kappa coefficient obtained for three categories with a proper band set in comparison with the ground truth map indicates that the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier with overall accuracy of 91.26%  and kappa coefficient of 0.8731 has had more appropriate results than other algorithms. The results showed that the separation and classification of forest landswith high accuracy have beenperformedas compared to the other land use classes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

343 - Analysis relation of vegetation cover on the number of dust event in Khorasan Razavi using geographic information system and remote sensing
Sima Pourhashemi Mehdi Boroghani Mohammad Ali Zangane Asadi Abolghasem Amir Ahmadi

Dust phenomenon is one of the climatic hazards in arid and semi-arid regions of the world that usually brings damages to human life and properties. In recent decades due to long droughts in Iran, the number of dust event increased and affected many cities and villages. More

Dust phenomenon is one of the climatic hazards in arid and semi-arid regions of the world that usually brings damages to human life and properties. In recent decades due to long droughts in Iran, the number of dust event increased and affected many cities and villages. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vegetation and relationship with dust events in Khorasan Razavi province during 2004-2013 using Geographic information system (GIS) and Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The data of dusty days in the region synoptic stations were provided from Meteorological Organization and the frequency of dusty days in different seasons were determined.  Using the method of Normal Kriging in GIS, dusty days were zoned in the province. Vegetation map area, were provided using MODIS image in ENVI®4.8 software. The results showed closed relations between the number of dust event and vegetation distribution. In addition, decreasing of vegetations caused the increasing of  the number of dust event. Results showed the number of dust event increased during the recent years and in 2008 and 2005 were recorded as the most and the least number of dust event respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

344 - Forest cover density mapping in sparse and semi dense forests using forest canopy density model (Case study: Marivan forests)
Aboutaleb Shahvali Kouhshour Mahtab Pir Bavaghar Parviz Fatehi

The main aim of this study was the evaluation of the Forest Canopy Density model (FCDm) for prediction of forest canopy density, using Landsat-7 ETM+. The study area was the eastern part of Marivan city that situated in Kurdistan province. A Landsat image was geo-refere More

The main aim of this study was the evaluation of the Forest Canopy Density model (FCDm) for prediction of forest canopy density, using Landsat-7 ETM+. The study area was the eastern part of Marivan city that situated in Kurdistan province. A Landsat image was geo-referenced with sub pixel accuracy. First, all bands (1-5 of ETM+ imagery) except band 6 was normalized and then four main indices of FCD Model, including Advanced Vegetation Index, Bare soil Index, Shadow Index and thermal Index was calculated, and the forest canopy density map was derived finally. Forest's canopy densities according to 6, 4 and three classes were classified. To assess the accuracy of classified maps, a ground truth map using aerial photos with the scale 1:20000 was produced. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient for classification 6 and four classes were obtained equal to 52%, 0.29 and 53%, 0.30, respectively. Spectral similarity between open density classes and irradiance of background soil in these classes reduced the accuracy as the result. Actually, in the dense forest, the result will be more accurate. According to the results, this method could be relatively desired for Zagro's forests. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

345 - Evaluation of surface temperature in relation to land use/cover using remote sensing data
Behrouz Ahmadi Ardavan Ghorbani Taher Safarrad Behrouz Sobhani

This study aimed to evaluate land surface temperature in relation to vegetation and urban land use using remote sensing data within the city of Ardabil and urban margin of up to 15km radius, using 2010 Landsat TM image, after preprocessing, such as data preparation, rad More

This study aimed to evaluate land surface temperature in relation to vegetation and urban land use using remote sensing data within the city of Ardabil and urban margin of up to 15km radius, using 2010 Landsat TM image, after preprocessing, such as data preparation, radiometric and geometric correction, which was performed using ENVI®4.7 software. Then for measuring the surface temperature, the thermal band of an image using relevant equations for converting digital numbers to radiance and radiance to brightness temperature was used. In the next step for calculating emissivity the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) index was used and finally land use map in six classes using supervised classification method were extracted from the image. For extracting the vegetation fraction the Dimidiate model was used. To assess the accuracy of surface temperature extracted from the image, hourly data from 4 weather stations was used and to reconcile these data with each other, a simple regression equation was used. Results show that the coefficient of relationship between land surface temperature (derived from the image) and air temperature recorded at the stations was 0.79 and the correlation between recorded air temperature of stations and derived air temperature from the image was obtained 0.99. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

346 - The effect of topography factors on land use/cover changes of Yasouj forest park during 1965 – 2011
Shakiba Jahangirian Alireza Salehi

This study aims to investigate the effect of physiographical factors on land use/cover changes in the Yasouj Forest Park  during  1965 to 2011. It was evaluated and monitored using aerial photographs 1:20000 scale, panchromatic satellite imageries from IRS-P5 More

This study aims to investigate the effect of physiographical factors on land use/cover changes in the Yasouj Forest Park  during  1965 to 2011. It was evaluated and monitored using aerial photographs 1:20000 scale, panchromatic satellite imageries from IRS-P5 (2011), and online  Google Earth images (2011). Two series of images in two adjacent monitors were interpreted and compared using a simultaneously comparison and interpretation method. For this purpose some of land use/cover characteristics within sample plots taken from similar location were used in a digital systematic grid. The results showed that about 60% of sample plots located in different classes of slopes and elevations were not changed during this period of time. However the most land use/cover changes have been occurring in low slope areas and the least changes have been occurring in high slope areas. It is concluded that topographical factors, particularly slope are important factors for the protection of the forest cover in such areas.  Park area protection  could also be as an important prohibiting factor for major changes in the study area. The distribution pattern study of  woody spices’s maturer stems is not good enough  for about a 50 year period. Increasing dirt road  in the park during the recent decades leads a social need for better planning of this decentralized recreational zone. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

347 - Gray analysis in the evaluation of sports and cultural recreation places in Isfahan city: an approach to optimizing social function
Abdolhamid Jamali Mehdi Salimi Davoud Nasr Esfahani

10.30486/4s.2023.1974831.1084

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this research was to identify a set of indicators for the evaluation of recreational sports pools in Isfahan, which was carried out using gray relation analysis. methodology: This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical More

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this research was to identify a set of indicators for the evaluation of recreational sports pools in Isfahan, which was carried out using gray relation analysis. methodology: This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection and research design. The statistical population of this research included all professors and experts (including managers, experts and inspectors) in the field of sports with a special focus on the field of swimming. The approach of this research is hybrid, and for this reason, purposeful snowball sampling was used for sampling in the qualitative part, and the number of samples was determined based on the theoretical saturation level, which was 13 people. In the quantitative section, due to the large size of the population, the sample size was estimated to be 380 people using the Cochran method. In the qualitative part, in order to reach the indicators, a library study was done, and in order to complete it, an interview method was used to complete it. In the quantitative section, experts' opinions were used to determine the final indicators, and then, with the cooperation of sports centers, necessary measures were taken to collect information on the indicators. The scope of the research included 20 pools located in 15 different areas of Isfahan, Sepahanshahr and Baharestan. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative part, inductive theme analysis and in the quantitative part, second-order confirmatory factor analysis in PLS software and gray relation analysis in Excel software were used. To ensure the validity of the questionnaires, face validity and construct validity were used, and Cronbach's alpha was used to ensure reliability. Results: Based on the findings, indicators of the state of equipment and facilities, infrastructure and structure, technology, location, architecture and building design, manpower, safety and health, marketing factors, management factors and the quality of ancillary services were approved for the evaluation of pools and based on the gray relationship of the pool Azadi and Revolution have the highest rating, and sample pools and Behtovan pools do not have a good rating. Conclusion: From the information status of these pools, it is clear that the infrastructure, safety and health, marketing factors, technology, architecture and building design, and management factors are things that can be very effective in competitiveness and attraction of the audience and should be considered in the management of pools. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

348 - Clothing and its Symbols in Mystical Literature
Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Yadullah Bahmani Motlaq

Clothes and gourds in Islamic mysticism are considered to be worn and used from cover to cover as a symbol of movement in various meanings and have given special effects to the mystical literature in poetry and prose. This article examines the examples of mystic and Suf More

Clothes and gourds in Islamic mysticism are considered to be worn and used from cover to cover as a symbol of movement in various meanings and have given special effects to the mystical literature in poetry and prose. This article examines the examples of mystic and Sufi clothing according to their symbols and its reflection in the mystical literature. Graffiti covers the most important part of the Sufis' veil, signifying a spiritual connection with the spiritual master and the elder, symbolizing austerity and disregard for the world and for the journey. Dressing a thousand stitches in a thousand divine names, "Qasemi" dressed as Chuck and a symbol of the plurality and martyrdom of Imam Hussein (AS) and so on are other spiritual symbols. The most important characteristic of the mystic's "color" and "shape" was that the symbols of white, black, sweatshirt were more than other colors, and the simple shape of the short, patchy and old cup was also a common symbol of ignorance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

349 - Effects of Mulch type, Times and Tuber Burial Depth on Growth and Tuber Production of Purple Nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus L.)
Mohammad Roozkhosh behrouz KHALIL TAHMASEBI zabihollah Azami-Sardooei Hamid Reza Alizadeh farnaz fekrat Mehdi Rastgoo ahmad Aein

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a problematic weed in vegetables production systems in eastern and southeastern of Iran, To evaluate the different levels of polyethylene mulches, Tuber burial depths, and times on Management on purple nutsedge, a factorial exper More

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a problematic weed in vegetables production systems in eastern and southeastern of Iran, To evaluate the different levels of polyethylene mulches, Tuber burial depths, and times on Management on purple nutsedge, a factorial experiment base on randomized complete block design with four replications, at Jiroft University Research Farm, was conducted, field experiments to investigate the effect of mulch type including, (one and two layer clear polyethylene film, one-layer clear polyethylene + hen manure, one layer black polyethylene and non-mulched as control), second factor was times application at three levels including (20, 40 and 60 days) and third factor tubers burial depths at three levels including (5, 15 and 25cm) on C. rotundus above and below ground growth were conducted. Results showed that two-layer clear polyethylene mulch provided greatest suppression of C. rotundus growth was observed in plots covered with 2-layer clear LDPE, at 60 days in all depths (5,15 and 25cm). However, one-layer clear mulch at 60 days in 5 cm depth and one-layer clear polyethylene + hen manure at 60 days in 5 and 15 cm depth, inhibited viability tubers significantly. But positive effect was not shown on the growth control of the period in the other treatment. Generally, the results showed that two factors of polyethylene mulches and period of solarization of have a direct effect on the control of purple nutsedge. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

350 - The effect of some methods for control of Bemisia tabaci (Hem.: Aleyrodidae) in tomato nursery
Mohammad Taghi Fassihi Zinat Ahmadzadeh Narjeskhaton Kazerani

Bemesia tabaci is an important pests in tomato fields. Effect of some control methods for these insect was evaluated in tomato nursery. This experiment was conducted in Borazjan, Bushehr Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center. The treatments consisted of; yel More

Bemesia tabaci is an important pests in tomato fields. Effect of some control methods for these insect was evaluated in tomato nursery. This experiment was conducted in Borazjan, Bushehr Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center. The treatments consisted of; yellow sticky trap, aluminum mulch on soil, cloth net mulch on plots, oil (1%) and pesticide (Imidaclopride 0.8 ml/l) spray and control (without any control method). These treatments were laid in a RCBD (Randomized Block Design) with 3 replications. Number of whitefly nymphs on 15 leaflets was recorded. The treatments were compared with Duncan`s Multiple Range Test. The results indicated that cloth net mulch has the lowest number of whitefly nymph. All treatments were coefficient different with control.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

351 - Covering of Pomegranate flower and fruits for the damage reduction of carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lep.: Pyralidae) in Neyriz region
Rahman Hashemi Hadi Ostovan Mostafa Haghani

Carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lep.: Pyralidae) is the most important pest of pomegranate fruit in Iran. In the present study, the effect of applying timing of covering and different types of covering on infestation rate to carob moth were tested in Neyriz More

Carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lep.: Pyralidae) is the most important pest of pomegranate fruit in Iran. In the present study, the effect of applying timing of covering and different types of covering on infestation rate to carob moth were tested in Neyriz region (Fars province) from May to October in 2012. For this purpose, 45 trees of a orchards were selected randomly, treatments were included: crown flower covering, crown fruit covering, complete flower covering and complete fruit covering. There were signification differences between treat ments related to to pest infestation. The result showed that the mean infestation rates were 25.3% and 9.6% for control and complete covering of flower with fabric net in the first decade of May, respectively, so complete covering flower with fabric net in the first decade of May can reduce fruit damage by 62%. Highest percentage of infestation were recorded for using fabric net on fruit crowns (14.44%) and the lowest were observed for using fabric net on pomegranate flowers (9.66%). Comparison of flower and fruit drop, fruit cracking and infestation between treatments indicated that complete covering of flowers with fabric net in the first decade of May can be recommended for reduction of E.ceratoniae infestation. Therefore, the results revealed that the using fabric net on pomegranate flowers can be recommended in this region.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

352 - Measurement of Inefficiency Slacks in Network Data Envelopment Analysis
حسین عزیزی علیرضا امیرتیموری سهراب کردرستمی

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Open Access Article

353 - بازشناسی تاثیر اقلیم بر ساختار پوشش حمام های صفوی
رضا حائری محسن طبسی

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Open Access Article

354 - Effect of cover kinds of pomegranate fruits for the damage reduction of pomegranate fruit moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lep., Pyralidae) in Saveh region
B. Rafiei H. Farazmand Sh. Goldasteh T. Sheikhali

Pomegranate fruit moth (PFM), Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lep., Pyralidae), is one of the most important pests of pomegranate in Iran. The larvae of E. ceratoniae cause damage to pomegranate fruits. Several different methods including collecting and burning of infected frui More

Pomegranate fruit moth (PFM), Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lep., Pyralidae), is one of the most important pests of pomegranate in Iran. The larvae of E. ceratoniae cause damage to pomegranate fruits. Several different methods including collecting and burning of infected fruits and biological control have been examined to control this pest, but these were not effective. One way that may prevent fruits infection is obstruction from laying eggs by the moth inside the fruit crown. In the present study, the effect of three types of fruit covers, including complete covering made by fabric net, crown covering with a plastic cap and crown covering with a cap made by fabric net on fruit infection rate were tested. The result showed that the mean infection rates were 9.50 and 2% for control and crown covering with a cap made by fabric net, respectively, so crown covering can reduce fruit damage by 78%. Comparison of flower and fruit drop, fruit cracking, cover stability and PFM infection indices between treatments indicated that using a cop made by fabric net on crown, in early May to early July, can be recommended for PFM control.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

355 - Determination of the appropriate time for crown covering of pomegranate to control the pomegranate fruit moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae)
H. Farazmand M. Sirjani A. Mohammadipour

Pomegranate fruit moth (PFM), Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae), is the most important pest of pomegranate in Iran. The larvae of PFM damage pomegranate fruits. One way that may prevent fruits infection is obstruction from laying eggs by the moth inside th More

Pomegranate fruit moth (PFM), Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae), is the most important pest of pomegranate in Iran. The larvae of PFM damage pomegranate fruits. One way that may prevent fruits infection is obstruction from laying eggs by the moth inside the fruit crown. In the present study, the effect of crown covering time of pomegranate by fabric net, including different times of covering (2, 4 & 8 weeks after flowering) and number of covering stages on fruit infection rate were cpmpared in Kashmar and Garmsar regions, Iran in 2009. The result showed that the mean percentage of  infection were 11.70 in control and 3.50 and 2.80 for two and three stages of crown-covering, respectively. So the two and three stages of crown-covering reduced the fruit damage by 70 and 76%, respectively. Comparison of flower and fruit drop, cover stability and PFM infection indices among the treatments indicated that using two stages crown-covering with a cop made by fabric net, at 4 & 8 weeks after flowering (in early May to early July) can be recommended for PFM control.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

356 - Optimization of chitosan film and effect of mixing ratio in chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol coating on internal quality parameters of eggs
pezhman Riazi Kermani dariush khademi shurmasti Abdollah Alizadeh Karsalari

10.30495/qafj.2023.1980315.1057

To optimize the chitosan film with level, molecular weight and solvent and then use it in the composite coating in the appropriate mixing ratio, in a completely random design using the 23 factorial methods with 3 factors, level (2 and 4 %), molecular weight (high and lo More

To optimize the chitosan film with level, molecular weight and solvent and then use it in the composite coating in the appropriate mixing ratio, in a completely random design using the 23 factorial methods with 3 factors, level (2 and 4 %), molecular weight (high and low) and solvent (acetic acid and citric acid), was carried out to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of chitosan film. Then the selected film was incorporated in the chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol composite coating, aiming of achieving the optimal mixing ratio and affecting the internal quality parameters of eggs, in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments including uncoated eggs (control), coated with a pure coating of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol separately as well as composite coatings of chitosan: polyvinyl alcohol (25, 50 and 75% of each component). The results showed the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus (0.16 and 2.45 MPa, respectively) and water vapour impermeability (2.17.10-8 g/msPa) in 4% chitosan film with high molecular weight dissolved in acetic acid and the highest elongation at break (54.33%) was observed in chitosan film in citric acid (P<0.05). Also, eggs coated with chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol at 25:75 have the lowest weight loss (0.57%) and the highest values of Haugh unit (61.00) and yolk index (0.37) (P<0.05). Therefore, it is possible to use chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol composite coating in the optimal mixing ratio (25% chitosan: 75% polyvinyl alcohol) as a packaging material to extend the shelf life of eggs for at least 2 weeks at ambient temperature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

357 - Effect of active composite coating enriched with Echinacea purpurea L. Moench extract on the shelf life of Oncorhynchuus mykiss fillet during cold storage
mojtaba ghorbani dariush khademi shurmasti Yasaman Fahim Dezhban

10.30495/qafj.2023.1989150.1079

To investigate the effect of active composite coating carboxymethyl cellulose-based on the shelf life of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchuus mykiss) fillet during refrigerator temperature storage, an experiment for 12 days with 5 treatments including uncoated (control), carbox More

To investigate the effect of active composite coating carboxymethyl cellulose-based on the shelf life of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchuus mykiss) fillet during refrigerator temperature storage, an experiment for 12 days with 5 treatments including uncoated (control), carboxymethyl cellulose 1%, carboxymethyl cellulose-oleic acid 1%, carboxymethyl cellulose-oleic acid-Echinacea extract (0.5% or 1%) and 3 replications was carried out. Chemical (PV, TBARS, and TVN) and microbial (TVC and PTC) tests were performed on the fillets every 3 days. The results showed that oleic acid improved the protective effect of carboxymethyl cellulose coating. The antioxidant and antibacterial effect of Echinacea extract was concentration dependent. At the end of the storage period, the lowest values of PV (3.90±0.11 meq/kg), TBARS (1.24±0.27 mg MDA/kg), TVN (21.90±1.83 mg/100g), TVC (5.10±0.10 log cfu/g) and PTC (5.23±0.06 log cfu/g) were found in fillets containing active composite coating of carboxymethyl cellulose-oleic acid-1% Echinacea extract (P <0.05). Therefore, the composite coating of carboxymethyl cellulose-oleic acid-1% Echinacea extract can be used as an active packaging to maintain the quality and increase the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets during short-term storage at refrigerator temperature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

358 - Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposite coating on internal quality and eggshell morphology during storage at ambient temperature
ali akbar sharifi dariush khademi shurmasti

10.30495/qafj.2022.1952893.1025

In order to investigate the effect of biodegradable nanocomposite edible coatings carboxymethylcellulose-based on the internal quality and morphology of the table eggshell surface an experimental with 120 eggs in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 re More

In order to investigate the effect of biodegradable nanocomposite edible coatings carboxymethylcellulose-based on the internal quality and morphology of the table eggshell surface an experimental with 120 eggs in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates were performed. Treatments included uncoated eggs (control), eggs containing carboxymethylcellulose coating, eggs containing carboxymethylcellulose-oleic acid coating and eggs containing carboxymethylcellulose-oleic acid-nanoclay nanocomposite coating. Coating was done by immersion method and the eggs were stored at ambient temperature (25±1oc) for 5 weeks. Internal quality parameters were evaluated at the end of weeks 1, 3 and 5 and eggshell surface morphology at the beginning and end of the experimental period. The results showed that eggs containing nanocomposite coating at the end of storage period have the lowest percentage of weight loss and the lowest numerical value of thiobarbituric acid index (P <0.05) and the highest numerical value of albumen pH, the highest numerical values of yolk index and haugh units (P <0.05). In addition, the surface of the eggshell containing nanocomposite coating was more integrated and less porous and fractured than the control group. Therefore, the nanocomposite coating of carboxymethylcellulose-oleic acid-nanoclay can be used as a biocompatible packaging for storage eggs at ambient temperature for 5 weeks without adversely affecting the internal quality and eggshell. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

359 - Investigating the chemical and microbial parameters of spoilage and determining the shelf life of Cyprinus carpio fillet Under the influence of carboxymethyl cellulose coating containing Salvia officinalis extract
Moammad Esmaeili Yasaman Fahim Dezhban

10.30495/qafj.2023.1976818.1051

In the present study, the effect of carboxymethyl cellulose oral active coating containing salvia officinalis extract on the quality and shelf life of common carp fillet during the storage period in the refrigerator (4±1℃) was investigated. Common carp fillets in More

In the present study, the effect of carboxymethyl cellulose oral active coating containing salvia officinalis extract on the quality and shelf life of common carp fillet during the storage period in the refrigerator (4±1℃) was investigated. Common carp fillets in five control groups were treated with carboxymethyl cellulose coating without extract and containing 0.5% and 1% sage extract and kept in refrigerator for 12 days, chemical (pH, TVN, PV, TBA) and microbial (Total and Psychrophilic bacterial load) indicators were investigated. The results of this research confirm the better performance of carboxymethyl cellulose coating containing 1% sage extract compared to other treatments; So that the chemical indices and amounts of total and Psychrophilic bacteria as microbial indices of quality control of had better results than other treatments until the end of the storage period and showed was able to provide acceptable quality by reducing the Total bacterial amount and the amount of Psychrophilic bacteria in the samples. According to the results of the evaluation chemical indicators affecting spoilage, the application of carboxymethyl cellulose coating containing 1% of sage extract can more effectively cause damage by controlling and reducing the oxidation of lipids than other treatments. Maintain the quality of common carp fillets during the storage period. Therefore, Salvia officinalis extract, having antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, as a natural biological preservative in combination with coating of carboxymethyl cellulose, can be used as a method to maintain the quality and increase the shelf life of common carp fillets during storage in the refrigerator. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

360 - A Review of Slow-release Fertilizers from the Perspective of the Environment and Economy, and its Future in Iran and the World
Hassan Seddighi Keivan Shayesteh Mahsa Arjmand

10.30495/sarj.2023.1995340.1153

Slow-release fertilizers prevent the rapid release of nutrients by creating a barrier. These fertilizers are produced in two ways: coated and matrix. Slow-release fertilizers can reduce nutrient loss and cause more use of plant needs. This will increase the efficiency a More

Slow-release fertilizers prevent the rapid release of nutrients by creating a barrier. These fertilizers are produced in two ways: coated and matrix. Slow-release fertilizers can reduce nutrient loss and cause more use of plant needs. This will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of fertilizer. The process of producing fertilizers, including nitrogen fertilizers, is growing yearly in Iran and the world. This trend can also be predicted to continue in the coming years. Research on slow-release fertilizers shows that their production and consumption are increasing globally. Many sulfur is produced in refineries in Iran due to significant oil and gas sources. As a result, slow-release fertilizers can be made cheaper in Iran by creating sulfur coating compared to other countries. This article aims to examine the use of slow-release fertilizers, their advantages and disadvantages, and to present their production method. Also, this study investigates the rate of production of slow-release fertilizers in the world. This article can provide helpful information to investors, producers, farmers, and consumers interested in slow-release fertilizers and their role in agriculture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

361 - Ecological and Economic Effects of Land Equipping and Renovation in Irrigated Wheat Production in Hamadan Province
Mohammad Abdolmaleky Fereshteh Yazdani

10.30495/sarj.2023.1996429.1154

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the ecological and economic effects of the land equipping and renovation plan in the irrigated wheat production. Therefore, the environmental sustainability of wheat production by the ecological footprint and its product More

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the ecological and economic effects of the land equipping and renovation plan in the irrigated wheat production. Therefore, the environmental sustainability of wheat production by the ecological footprint and its production efficiency by data envelopment analysis were measured. The statistical population consisted of wheat farmers from Kheradmand village in the Hamadan province, who have participated in the land equipping and renovation plan and who hadn't participated. The sample size for the participating farmers is 73 and for the non-participating farmers is 74. Data were collected through a questionnaire in a cross-sectional study, using of census method, and were analyzed with SPSS26 and DEAP2.1 software. The average GHG for participant and non-participant farmers in the land reform plan was measured at 778/15 and 1003 kg co2 eq ha-1, respectively. The EF index for these two groups was estimated at 2.39 and 2.44 gha, respectively which there was a significant difference at the 0/01 level. Based on the results of data envelopment analysis, average technical, allocation and economic efficiency were estimated at 0.866, 0.893, and 0.797 respectively, for the equipped and renovated lands, and at 0.863, 0.889, and 0.791 for the not equipped and renovated lands which there was no significant difference between these two types of lands at 0.01 level. According to the results of calculating the carbon emissions indices, the environmental sustainability of the equipped and renovated lands is in better condition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

362 - Optimization of Energy Consumption and Economic Productivity of Different Methods of Grape Production Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Asmaeil Rahmani Mohammad Gholami Parshokohi Davood Mohammad Zamani

10.30495/sarj.2022.1964469.1081

In 2020, this research has been devoted to the determination of energy indicators and economic analysis in the vineyards of Qazvin province, after calculating the amount of energy consumption and economic indicators, optimization was done using the method of data envelo More

In 2020, this research has been devoted to the determination of energy indicators and economic analysis in the vineyards of Qazvin province, after calculating the amount of energy consumption and economic indicators, optimization was done using the method of data envelopment analysis. According to the results, the energy ratio of grapes was estimated as 9.66 and 11.26 in traditional and semi-mechanized methods, respectively. Also, the economic results showed that the net profit of one ton of grapes in the traditional and semi-mechanized method was 2609.77 and 2995.22 dollars per hectare, respectively. The data coverage analysis method showed that the average scores of technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency for traditional grape production are 0.90, 0.95, and 0.94 respectively. Also, the average scores of technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency for semi-mechanized grape production are 0.91, 0.97, and 0.93, respectively. Based on the results of optimal consumption, it has led to a 25.19% reduction in the energy consumption of traditional production and a 24.78% reduction in the energy consumption of semi-mechanized grape production. According to the results, the high energy consumption of chemical fertilizers should be directed towards organic agriculture and less use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as as possible. Also, it is suggested that optimal energy consumption and saving at the level of farmers should be advertised and promoted by the relevant bodies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

363 - Effect of applied current density on microhardness and corrosion behavior of electrodeposited Co-P-ZrO2-CeO2 nanocomposite coatings
Fatemeh Borzooei Sirus Javadpour Alireza Jahanbin Hamed Aghili mehdi nasrollahi nezhad fard

Cobalt coatings are considered a suitable alternative to chromium coatings due to their desirable properties and environmental compatibility. In this study, by adding phosphorus as an alloying element and reinforcing nanoparticles of ZrO2 and CeO2 to the cobalt coating More

Cobalt coatings are considered a suitable alternative to chromium coatings due to their desirable properties and environmental compatibility. In this study, by adding phosphorus as an alloying element and reinforcing nanoparticles of ZrO2 and CeO2 to the cobalt coating matrix, amorphous Co-P-ZrO2-CeO2 and Co-P coatings were produced on a ST37 steel substrate using electrochemical deposition. The effect of current density on the morphology of the coatings was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the weight percentages of elements present in the coatings were analyzed using EDS analysis. Microhardness and corrosion resistance were also examined. The addition of reinforcing nanoparticles to the cobalt-phosphorus alloy matrix increased the hardness of the nanocomposite coatings. It should be noted that increasing the current density up to an optimal level increases the hardness, and then decreases it. The results of the Tafel and EIS analyses on the nanocomposite coatings indicate an increase in corrosion resistance with an enhancement in current density up to 100 mA/cm2 for both alloy and nanocomposite samples, which is due to an increase in the weight percentage of phosphorus and the formation of a surface protective layer. In addition, the presence of reinforcing nanoparticles in the matrix prevents corrosive medium from reaching the coating surface, improving its corrosion resistance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

364 - ارزیابی توسعه ی شهری اصفهان و نقش آن در روند تغییرات پوشش گیاهی محیط شهری
خلیل علی نژاد محمد ابراهیم عفیفی مرضیه موغلی

1457

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Open Access Article

365 - Analysis Of Women Veiling Culture In The Popular Samak-E-Ayar Tales
Asieh Zabihnia Emran

One of the main cultural elements existing in each society is the kind of clothes they wear. The main objective of the present study was to investigate women’s wearing in folklore tale called “Samak Ayyar”. This study covers women’s wear in Khora More

One of the main cultural elements existing in each society is the kind of clothes they wear. The main objective of the present study was to investigate women’s wearing in folklore tale called “Samak Ayyar”. This study covers women’s wear in Khorasan region about the late sixth and early seventh century AH. Seljuk area is the most important one because Iranians were the most powerful in this era and their political geographical domain was very vast and Seljuk kings were really attached to cultural and artistic development. Through this era, women’s were not at all different from men’s. Women’s clothes in early sixth century was similar to previous era. Women’s wears except for their mask and snood, were changeable; however, their clothes was accompanied with some kind of simplicity. In Samak Ayyar, the details of form and design of garments haven’t been included. The present study attempted to investigate and analyze various women’s wearing like snood, garments and shoes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

366 - Analysis of Women's Dressing Cultural Policies
Mehraban Hadi Paykani Nazanin Mohamadvand Galojeh

The study aim was to analyze the state cultural policy in the veiling of women and girls in Iranian society. For this purpose by applying a quality method all the documents, acts and the main texts of the tree cultural policy makers in the field of women's dressing, the More

The study aim was to analyze the state cultural policy in the veiling of women and girls in Iranian society. For this purpose by applying a quality method all the documents, acts and the main texts of the tree cultural policy makers in the field of women's dressing, the Supreme Revolutionary Cultural Council, Parliament and Presidential Administration Women's Affairs and Family Deputy were gathered and analyzed. Most of the policies developed after the Revolution by the relevant organizations faced limited success and despite all of the state capacities of reward and punishment for the realization of these policies that were imposed  were  not effectively enough successful. Factors such as the lack of a comprehensive definition of dress and veil in legislation outputs, the different notions about the type of dressing in the society, ambiguity in acts, personalization of the implemented policies in the field of women's clothing, structural incoordination, limited attention to cultural policies and lack of coordination of policies and regulatory approvals to the society  conditions and lack of good governance, justice factors were some of the reasons for not being enough success of the policy in the field of women's clothing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

367 - Recognizing the Concept of Islamic Clothing Fashion and Designing in Women's Dress
Zahra Akbarzadeh Niaki Azam Nemati Charmhini Robabeh Taghizadeh Borujeni

The purpose of this study was to recognize the concept of fashion and design of the Islamic clothing in women's dresses. The research statistical universe included all clothing design collections. The research sample was the Islamic women's clothing and dresses. The res More

The purpose of this study was to recognize the concept of fashion and design of the Islamic clothing in women's dresses. The research statistical universe included all clothing design collections. The research sample was the Islamic women's clothing and dresses. The research design was descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done by using library references. The results of data analysis showed that four different clothing terms, namely hijab, virtuous fashion, ethnic-local clothing and non-Islamic clothing with Islamic motifs, were identified among the designs related to Islamic fashion. Current clothing designers had not yet succeeded in creating a "global Islamic fashion" that was distinct from Western fashion and had not even been directly opposed to it. Designers' mental image of Islamic fashion was based more on the aesthetic features of fashion than the religious adherence to hijab, also, Islamic fashion was still considered as a subordinate of the Western system and has not been able to find its independent identity. Islamic fashion has a real nature and in order to be effective, it needs to redefine and formulate specific design frameworks. It could be analyzed that the existing Islamic fashion style had not yet found a completely independent identity as a global fashion. Muslim consumers themselves could not be grouped into a single category. Specific clothing styles were shaped by cultural aesthetics, economics, business patterns, ideals, and how faith was represented or expressed. As a result, it could be said that according to the number of hijab styles, there were different covers of Islamic clothing design. Islamic fashion had a special design style and had a real nature, but it is necessary to make changes in the design and other processes of this industry and its definitions should be updated and implemented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

368 - History And Structure Of Women's Clothing From The Era Of Ancient Persia To Islam
زینب Izadkhasti مریم Izadkhasti

This article was purposed to introduce the current status and evolution of women's clothing during the period of ancient Persia to Islam. The study of religious texts, including the Torah, the Bible and the civil code of the Islamic societies such as Iran and…tha More

This article was purposed to introduce the current status and evolution of women's clothing during the period of ancient Persia to Islam. The study of religious texts, including the Torah, the Bible and the civil code of the Islamic societies such as Iran and…that were obeyed the holly gospels and reviewing  the history and quality of  clothing indicated that clothing was considered as moral virtue and an ethic by the human civilizations.  All the societies’ members were obligated to proposed clothing.  Deviations from the proposed clothing were regarded as a challenge and a campaign against the ongoing values that was to be punished. The article concluded that the clothing has kept the basic principles which have not been changed over time except for a slight difference that depended on the culture and customs and time requirements and circumstances in each era. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

369 - Reviewing the Religious Bases of Fashion Aesthetics in Dressing and Make up
Sayedeh Hasamodin Hosseini Fatemeh Khormaei

Fashion in dressing and make up is one of the social issues that affected many communities especially in the current century. The extreme fashion could lead to the destruction of the traditional social texture. Tendencies to follow the model were considered as the fashi More

Fashion in dressing and make up is one of the social issues that affected many communities especially in the current century. The extreme fashion could lead to the destruction of the traditional social texture. Tendencies to follow the model were considered as the fashion reasons. The research was intended to explain the behavioral patterns of the Islamic and religious characters with respect to dressing and beautification and provide some examples in the women society. The research method was a descriptive – analytical approach and referred to written sources in addition to Quran verses and traditional interpretation written by contemporaries. Diversitism and esthetics beauty seeking were considered as fashionism correlated variables. In addition to such variables, the capitalistic widespread advertisement for consumerism also was taken as other cause for stylist fashion. Multiple medias today, targeted human natural needs especially hijab(veiling coverage) as dotty and culture and trying to expand and develop the nudity in the context of the ongoing fashion. Fashion trends tend to self glorification that the Holy Quran has mentioned it and avoid its adornment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

370 - Surveying Social Status Of Women According To Veil Alteration Process In Safavid Paintings
عابد Taghavi S. M. Mousavi

Present research studied women social role and status in Safavid era on the basis of veil alteration process through descriptive-historical analysis approach. This paper administrated historical sources and comparative method. The results indicated that women veil in Sa More

Present research studied women social role and status in Safavid era on the basis of veil alteration process through descriptive-historical analysis approach. This paper administrated historical sources and comparative method. The results indicated that women veil in Safavid era was considered as a part of social class identity. It was defined according to Shah Inclination and imposed as a norm for the women in imperial court, while others social classes’ women worn veil according to their religious and ethics beliefs. They had prospered liberty in veil wearing selection compared to other women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

371 - ارزیابی روش های آشکارسازی تغییرات پوشش گیاهی و پهنه آبی تالاب‌های چغاخور و سولگان
سید امید میرمحمدصادقی محمد نبویان پور سلمان یزدانی شیدا محمدی‌فرد

تالابها یکی از مهم‌ترین سرمایههای محیط‌زیستی هستند که اطلاع از تغییرات آنها نقش اساسی در مدیریت آنها دارد. از میان نگرانی‌ها در زمینه تغییرات محیط‌زیست و اکوسیستم تالاب‌ها، مسائل مربوط به تغییر کاربری و پوشش‌گیاهی طی زمان به طور فزاینده‌ای مهم تلقی شده‌اند. در More

تالابها یکی از مهم‌ترین سرمایههای محیط‌زیستی هستند که اطلاع از تغییرات آنها نقش اساسی در مدیریت آنها دارد. از میان نگرانی‌ها در زمینه تغییرات محیط‌زیست و اکوسیستم تالاب‌ها، مسائل مربوط به تغییر کاربری و پوشش‌گیاهی طی زمان به طور فزاینده‌ای مهم تلقی شده‌اند. در همین راستا روشهای سنجش از دور ابزاری قدرتمند برای بررسی پایش تغییرات به‌حساب می‌آیند که با سرعت و دقت مناسبی تغییرات کاربری اراضی را در سطوح وسیعی مورد ارزیابی قرار داده و تغییرات را آشکار می‌نماید. به‌منظور آشکارسازی تغییرات پوشش‌گیاهی در سه تالاب چغاخور، سولگان غربی و سولگان شرقی، سه تصویر ماهواره لندست مربوط به سال‌های 2002، 2015 و 2018 انتخاب و روش‌های آشکارسازی تفاضل تصویر، تفاضل پوشش‌گیاهی و تسلد کپ بر روی آنها پیاده‌سازی شد. سپس دقت روش‌های مذکور از طریق طبقه‌بندی تصاویر به روش حداکثر احتمال و تعیین آستانه تغییرات مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد روش تسلدکپ با دقت کل و ضریب کاپای 34/88 و 83/0 نسبت به دو روش دیگر توانسته است تغییرات را به‌خوبی آشکارسازی نماید. بر اساس آستانه تعیین شده، تغییرات افزایشی مربوط به اراضی کشاورزی، باغات و کشت دیم بوده‌ که از سال 2002 تا سال 2015، تغییرات افزایشی فقط 66/23 درصد بوده‌اند؛ اما در بازه سه ساله از 2015 تا 2018 به 8/42 درصد افزایش یافته است و همزمان تغییرات کاهشی مربوط به 66 درصد اراضی مرتعی بودند که طی سال‌های 2002 تا 2018 به اراضی کشاورزی تبدیل شده‌اند. Manuscript profile

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372 - بررسی آزمایشگاهی اثر آرایش و تراکم پوشش گیاهی بر ضریب مقاومت جریان
سمیرا سلمان زاده منوچهر فتحی مقدم جواد احدیان سید محسن ساجدی

این مقاله با در نظر گرفتن شرایط هیدرولیکی جریان رودخانه و شرایط مورفولوژیکی پوشش گیاهی در حاشیه و سیلابدشت رودخانه انجام شده است. نیروی هیدرودینامیکی درگ در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و با استفاده از یک نیروسنج در حضور پوشش گیاهی انعطافپذیر به صورت مستقیم اندازه&sh More

این مقاله با در نظر گرفتن شرایط هیدرولیکی جریان رودخانه و شرایط مورفولوژیکی پوشش گیاهی در حاشیه و سیلابدشت رودخانه انجام شده است. نیروی هیدرودینامیکی درگ در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و با استفاده از یک نیروسنج در حضور پوشش گیاهی انعطافپذیر به صورت مستقیم اندازهگیری شد. براین اساس تمامی آزمایشها در فلومی تحت عنوان " فلوم لبه چاقویی" با طول 3/8 متر، عرض 8/0 متر و ارتفاع 55/0 متر انجام شد. نمونه پوشش گیاهی انعطافپذیر به صورت غیرمستغرق با 3 تراکم 30، 50 و 100 درصد با آرایش زیگزاگی در سه عمق نسبی آب 6/0، 8/0 و 1  مورد آزمون واقع شد. در این مطالعه تراکم پوشش گیاهی با افزایش فاصله و سطح برگ گیاهان تغییر کرد. نتایج نشان داد نیروی درگ به میزان قابل توجهی به آرایش و تراکم پوشش گیاهی به عنوان یکی از ویژگیهای مورفولوژیکی قابل اندازهگیری گیاه بستگی دارد. نتایج مربوطه میتواند به عنوان معیار مفید در تخمین مقاومت ناشی از وجود زبریهای گیاهی در رودخانه باشد. Manuscript profile

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373 - پیش بینی تأثیر پوشش گیاهی بر ضریب زبری هیدرولیکی کرانه و بستر رودخانه خشک شیراز
محمدرضا نیک منش

مدیریت منابع آب و خاک در رودخانه‌ها، بدلیل ارتباط مستقیم با سیستم‌های مختلف همچون زمین ، جامعه و مردم از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. طرحهای احیای پوشش گیاهی و بیومهندسی در رودخانه‌ها، همواره به عنوان یکی از روشهای مدیریتی منابع آب و خاک مد نظر بوده، اما اینگونه طرح‌ها، ع More

مدیریت منابع آب و خاک در رودخانه‌ها، بدلیل ارتباط مستقیم با سیستم‌های مختلف همچون زمین ، جامعه و مردم از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. طرحهای احیای پوشش گیاهی و بیومهندسی در رودخانه‌ها، همواره به عنوان یکی از روشهای مدیریتی منابع آب و خاک مد نظر بوده، اما اینگونه طرح‌ها، علیرغم مزایای فراوانی که دارد، در صورت طراحی و روش‌های اجرایی نامناسب، می تواند مشخصات هیدرولیکی رودخانه را تغییر دهد. استفاده از پوشش گیاهی، کاهش میانگین سرعت جریان، کاهش عرض رودخانه، افزایش رسوب گذاری در بستر رودخانه و در نتیجه کاهش دبی جریان عبوری رودخانه را به همراه دارد و در مواردی ممکن است، باعث بالا آمدن سطح آب و افزایش عمق جریان گردد. در این مقاله ضمن معرفی جنبه‌های مختلف مدیریتی منابع آب و خاک در رودخانه‌ها و به طور خاص، رودخانه خشک، به عنوان یک عنصر تأثیرگذار مهم در شهر شیراز، طرحهای احیای پوشش گیاهی و بیومهندسی اجرا شده در این رودخانه و تأثیرات آنها بر هیدرولیک رودخانه، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. همچنین فواید این طرحها، در بازه‌هایی از رودخانه خشک که با روش‌های مناسب اجرا شده و باعث حفظ منابع آب و خاک گردیده اند و همچنین مضرات آنها، در بازه‌هایی که  با روشی نامناسب انجام شده و باعث افزایش ضریب زبری و کاهش دبی جریان عبوری می گردند، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار می گیرد. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، اگرچه میزان فرسایش کناره‌های رودخانه  در مقاطع فاقد پوشش گیاهی به مراتب بیشتر از مقاطع دارای پوشش گیاهی، می‌باشد، اما به دلیل افزایش ضریب زبری و کاهش سطح مقطع، ناشی از وجود پوشش گیاهی، در برخی مقاطع، دبی عبوری به مقدار قابل توجهی کاهش می یابد. مقاطعی نظیر بالادست و پائین دست پل بلوار چمران،  بالادست پل غدیر و  پائین دست پل فضیلت، نمونه‌هایی از این مقاطع می باشند که نتایج آنالیز انجام شده با نرم افزار HEC-RAS در این مقاطع، برای دبی عبوری 100 تا 250 مترمکعب بر ثانیه، کاهش دبی عبوری به مقدار 10 تا 5/28 درصد را نتیجه می دهد. Manuscript profile

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374 - ارزیابی فنی کاربرد سیستم زهکشی زیرزمینی با پوشش مصنوعی pp450 در مقایسه با پوشش شن و ماسه (مطالعه موردی کشت و صنعت سلمان فارسی)
پرنیان مجیدی چهارمحالی عبد علی ناصری عبدالرحیم هوشمند منا گلابی

این تحقیق با هدف  بررسی عملکرد سیستم زهکشی زیرزمینی کم عمق بر نوسانات سطح ایستابی و بررسی پارامترهای طراحی سیستم زهکشهای زیرزمینی با به کارگیری دو نمونه از پوشش زهکشهای زیرزمینی شامل پوشش شن و ماسه و پوشش مصنوعی انجام شد. دو مزرعه (یکی دارای پوشش معدنی و More

این تحقیق با هدف  بررسی عملکرد سیستم زهکشی زیرزمینی کم عمق بر نوسانات سطح ایستابی و بررسی پارامترهای طراحی سیستم زهکشهای زیرزمینی با به کارگیری دو نمونه از پوشش زهکشهای زیرزمینی شامل پوشش شن و ماسه و پوشش مصنوعی انجام شد. دو مزرعه (یکی دارای پوشش معدنی و دیگری مصنوعی)که هر کدام دارای 6 لترال بودند؛ انتخاب شدند. چاهکهای مشاهداتی جهت اندازهگیری هدایت هیدرولیکی، نوسانات سطح ایستابی و به منظور تعیین شاخصهای عملکرد زهکشهای زیرزمینی مطابق استانداردهای موجود، و بر  روی لترال وسط، در بین دو خط زهکش در فواصل 25/0، 50/0، 75/0 از طول لترال نصب شدند. با استفاده از پارامترهای اندازهگیری شده، عملکرد سیستم زهکشی و پارامترهای طراحی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. پس از انجام آزمایشات، نتایج نشان داد که پارامترهای طراحی شده در روش جریان ماندگار برای هر دو مزرعه خوب بوده است. و نتایج حاصل از دو پوشش مشابه هم بوده است اما فقط در روش جریان غیر ماندگار، ضریب آبدهی ویژه به دست آمده از معادلهها، با هم تفاوت زیادی داشتند. با استفاده از پارامترهای اندازه گیری شده، پارامترهای طراحی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. و طبق نتایج به دست آمده هر دو پوشش عملکرد مطلوب و مشابه به هم از خود نشان دادهاند. Manuscript profile

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375 - Comparison the discriminate power of variable return to scale models in evaluate efficiency of decision-making units in the banking industry
Gholamreza Panahandeh Khojin Abbas Toloie Ashlaghi Mohammad Ali Afshar Kazemi

Data envelopment analysis is used as a suitable tool to estimate the efficiency of companies that use production technologies with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. Classical data envelopment analysis models often do not provide accurate information about the status More

Data envelopment analysis is used as a suitable tool to estimate the efficiency of companies that use production technologies with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. Classical data envelopment analysis models often do not provide accurate information about the status of units to managers and organizational policymakers due to the low resolution of units. In this research, the basis of the BCC model is the output oriented of data envelopment analysis and in order to increase the discriminate of efficient decision-making units from inefficient, the ideal data envelopment analysis model based on BCC was used and then to increase the resolution Decision Making Units A new model called the Modified goal Programming Model of Data Envelopment Analysis based on output-oriented BCC was used to measure performance. In this study, the management of Ghavamin Bank branches across the country was evaluated. The results of the research show the discriminate power of the modified goal programming model of data envelopment analysis based on output-oriented BCC compared to other data envelopment analysis models. So that out of 32 managements under review in Ghavamin Bank, the management of branches in the west of Tehran was identified as efficient using this model and the rest of the managements were found to be inefficient. Manuscript profile

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376 - Analysis of human resources performance using the two-stage data envelopment analysis approach-Case study: Azar Noosh Shokofeh Co.
HAMIDREZA ASILFARID Mehran Khalaj Maryam Zaeri

Evaluation and assessment has been always considered by human beings. Human resources performance evaluation has been considered for organization and managers, so that has owned very important and conductive role and considered as one of the effective elements on organi More

Evaluation and assessment has been always considered by human beings. Human resources performance evaluation has been considered for organization and managers, so that has owned very important and conductive role and considered as one of the effective elements on organizational competition priorities. In this article, personnel’s’ performance and efficiency analysis has been operated by 2 stage DEA function. However, different functional models have been presented in this field but include some difficulties and do not meet all decision makers’ needs. The provided functional model in this research has resolved all previous models difficulties which are not only based on factors such as extra work hours, salaries and day off as primal entrance, effective working hour and availability of being in learning sessions as middle entrance, the amount of valid production and invalid production as final entrance. As result one of the newest personnel performance assessment is DEA that is multi-criteria method for determining and evaluating companies and personnel’s’ performance. The purposed operational model has been used in assessing efficiency and effectiveness of AZARNOOSH SHEKOUFEH’s personnel’s performances, and analysis for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of each personnel and production optimized performance fro decision makers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

377 - Development of a Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) model for investigation of the internal structure of decision-making units
Reza Soleymani-Damaneh

Data envelopment analysis has been in the center of attention due to independency of the production function. But the initial models of data envelopment analysis are incapable of examining the internal structure of the units and have a black-box view. One of the most co More

Data envelopment analysis has been in the center of attention due to independency of the production function. But the initial models of data envelopment analysis are incapable of examining the internal structure of the units and have a black-box view. One of the most common network structures is consecutive two-staged structure. Available models for evaluating this structure are mainly based on the decomposition approach, in other words, their priority is overall efficiency, and the efficiency of the stages is obtained by decomposing the total efficiency. In this paper, an attempt is made to develop a multivariate model that simultaneously considers the overall efficiency and efficiency of the stages. In addition, for multi-response mode, the models were developed to calculate the efficiencies and it was proved that in all models, efficiency scores range from zero to one, and a unit is efficient if only it is efficient in both stages. The presented models were used in an applied example and the results showed that the existing model performed more realistic evaluation than traditional models. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

378 - Evaluating the performances of decision-making units based on the ‎optimistic and pessimistic points of view
Hossein Azizi Maziar Salahi

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a methodology for assessing the performances of a group &lrm;of decision making units (DMUs) that utilize multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. It &lrm;measures the performances of the DMUs by maximizing the efficiency of every More

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a methodology for assessing the performances of a group &lrm;of decision making units (DMUs) that utilize multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. It &lrm;measures the performances of the DMUs by maximizing the efficiency of every DMU, &lrm;respectively, subject to the constraints that none of the efficiencies of the DMUs can be less &lrm;than one. The efficiencies measured in this way are referred to as optimistic efficiencies or the &lrm;best relative efficiencies. The way to measure the optimistic efficiencies of the DMUs is &lrm;referred to as self-evaluation. If a DMU is self-evaluated to have an efficiency score of one, &lrm;then it is said to be DEA efficient; otherwise, the DMU is said to be non-DEA efficient. &lrm;There is a comparable approach which uses the concept of inefficiency frontier for &lrm;determining the worst relative efficiency score that can be assigned to each DMU. DMUs on &lrm;the inefficiency frontier are specified as DEA-inefficient, and those that do not lie on the &lrm;inefficient frontier, are declared to be DEA-non-inefficient. In this paper, we argue that both &lrm;relative efficiencies should be considered simultaneously, and any approach that considers &lrm;only one of them will be biased. For measuring the overall performance of the DMUs, we &lrm;propose to integrate both efficiencies in the form of an interval, and we call the proposed &lrm;DEA models for efficiency measurement the bounded DEA models. In this way, the &lrm;efficiency interval provides the decision maker with all the possible values of efficiency, &lrm;which reflect various perspectives. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

379 - Decision models for evaluation and selection of suppliers in the presence of ‎cardinal and ordinal data, weight restrictions, and non-discretionary factors: ‎An approach based on DEA with double frontiers
Hossein Azizi Rasul Jahed

Selection of suppliers for outsourcing is now one of the most important decisions of the purchasing &lrm;department. These decisions constitute an important part of the production and logistics &lrm;management in many firms. On the other hand, suppliers can be evaluated More

Selection of suppliers for outsourcing is now one of the most important decisions of the purchasing &lrm;department. These decisions constitute an important part of the production and logistics &lrm;management in many firms. On the other hand, suppliers can be evaluated and selected from &lrm;optimistic and pessimistic perspectives. There is an argument that both points of view must be &lrm;considered simultaneously, and any approach that considers only one perspective is biased. This &lrm;paper proposes a new “data envelopment analysis (DEA) with double frontiers” approach for &lrm;evaluation and selection of suppliers. The DEA with double frontiers approach can identify the best &lrm;supplier in the presence of weight restrictions, non-discretionary factors, and cardinal and ordinal &lrm;data. This paper proposes to integrate both efficiencies in the form of a geometric mean efficiency &lrm;that measures the overall performance of each supplier. It is shown that geometric mean efficiency &lrm;has more discriminative power than any of the optimistic and pessimistic efficiencies. A numerical &lrm;example illustrates the application of the proposed method.&lrm; Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

380 - Evaluating the Energy Efficiency of the Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province Industries
Vahide Rezaie Samad Nejatian Masumeh Khanmohammadi

Nowadays, human looks to tread a path towards optimized using of available resources, Therefore, due to the limitations of capital, time, location, energy, and so on, managers have sought scientific methods from the beginning to make the most of these constraints. one o More

Nowadays, human looks to tread a path towards optimized using of available resources, Therefore, due to the limitations of capital, time, location, energy, and so on, managers have sought scientific methods from the beginning to make the most of these constraints. one of the most important ways to achieve optimization is evaluating the performance of the Decision Making Units. The gool of this work is to evaluate the energy consumption in the Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahamd province industry considering the industries with 10 and more employees. As in the calculating of the energy efficiency, several outputs and inputs must be considered in form of the productiion function theory, the data envelopment analysis is used to calculate the energy efficiency in the industrial units. Then the results of the energy efficiency, existing barriers and the practical consideration will be explaiend. The results of the efficiency model show that the most important factor of the inefficiency of the province's industry is the large population of job seekers and is the lack of optimal utilization of the workforce in the province's industry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

381 - Determining the main indicators, evaluating and ranking the efficiency of knowledge management performance by data envelopment analysis, case study: Iranian oil industry
masoud najafi behzad Ghasemi

The most important reason for identifying the main indicators and calculating the efficiency of knowledge management performance in the oil industry is to maintain and classify the existing knowledge and create a strong global competitive advantage by making progress in More

The most important reason for identifying the main indicators and calculating the efficiency of knowledge management performance in the oil industry is to maintain and classify the existing knowledge and create a strong global competitive advantage by making progress in developing production methods with new technology based on improving technical knowledge. The most important parameter of performance evaluation is efficiency; there are different methods to measure it. Data envelopment analysis is a powerful tool for calculating system efficiency, including knowledge management performance in the oil industry. In this research, the main indicators of knowledge management were identified using library resources and practical publications. By surveying the employees of oil industry companies with data envelopment analysis and hierarchical analysis techniques, the efficiency of knowledge management performance was calculated, which can be used to rank the companies and planning to improve their knowledge management level. According to the results, the National Refining and Distribution of Petroleum Products Company has acted at higher level than other companies and has a good competitive advantage with its global competitors. The present study is the first study that has calculated the efficiency of knowledge management performance of four main Iranian oil industry companies with data envelopment analysis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

382 - Designing SAIPA supply chain resilience scenarios to evaluate the production process
Somayeh Shafaghizadeh Sadoullah Ebrahimnejad Mehrzad Navabakhsh Seyed Mojtaba Sajadi

10.30495/imj.2021.686409

Contemporary supply chains are complex networks of processes that are subject to many disruptions; a resilient supply chain will be able to respond more quickly to changes by creating capabilities. The effect of supply chain network components on each other under condit More

Contemporary supply chains are complex networks of processes that are subject to many disruptions; a resilient supply chain will be able to respond more quickly to changes by creating capabilities. The effect of supply chain network components on each other under conditions of uncertainty contributes to complexity and disruption. The supply chain must be pushed towards a resiliency strategy in order to reduce disruptions and deal with issues that arise from the supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to analyze network processes from supplier to distributor, in proportion to the convergence of processes by a combination of resilience factors in the automotive industry. The design of the proposed scenarios with the combination of effective resilience factors is presented, which is based on the opinion of industry experts and also takes the vulnerable factors and disorders of each level into account. First, the sources of supply chain risks such as disruptions, delays and vulnerabilities are identified and then twenty-four scenarios are designed with a combination of resilience factors of flexibility, visibility, velocity, and visibility. The company''s complex supply chain is simulated based on the system''s past rate and statistical distribution functions, and then the network DEA is used to select the superior scenario. The indicators of each scenario or simulation output are selected based on the DEA, ranking the most efficient scenario. Finally, the relationships between them have been explored using mathematical analysis and the creation of a regression model between the simulation indices and the output of scenarios. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

383 - Use the game theory approach and data envelopment analysis to calculate cost efficiency in two-stage networks
Raheleh Mousavizadeh Mehrzad Navabakhsh Ashkan Hafezalkotob

10.30495/imj.2022.688705

Performance evaluation in data envelopment analysis is obtained by using technical efficiency calculation. But what is not taken into account in this type of calculation is the price of model inputs. In calculating technical efficiency, the amount of output to the input More

Performance evaluation in data envelopment analysis is obtained by using technical efficiency calculation. But what is not taken into account in this type of calculation is the price of model inputs. In calculating technical efficiency, the amount of output to the input is maximized, and the model can be used to identify efficient decision-making units, while it is possible to determine the decision-making unit that is at the efficiency limit and a reference for other units. Decision-making systems are efficient at a high cost, and it is possible to find decision-making units that are on the verge of efficiency at a lower production cost. Cost Efficiency seeks to find points that are on the edge of efficiency at the lowest cost. Given the importance of cost efficiency and the lack of attention to this concept in network and multi-stage structures, this study investigates cost efficiency in a purely two-stage process. In the present study, using the concept of game theory and data envelopment analysis in a centralized and decentralized state, we evaluate the performance of purely two-stage processes. In order to investigate the validity and efficiency of the models and their applicability, a case study has been used in the Iranian electricity industry and some management results are discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

384 - Comparison of supply chain performance evaluation with BSC-FDEA and BSC-RDEA methods in Tabriz automotive industries
SINA CHARTAB JABBARI kamaleddin rahmani youshanloui mohammad paseban yagoub Alavi matin Mojtaba Ramazani

10.30495/imj.2023.1968097.1799

Considering the importance of the issue of efficiency in the advancement of societies and the place it occupies in today's organizations, the use of performance evaluation has become an unavoidable necessity. In the present study, the performance evaluation of five acti More

Considering the importance of the issue of efficiency in the advancement of societies and the place it occupies in today's organizations, the use of performance evaluation has become an unavoidable necessity. In the present study, the performance evaluation of five active supply chains with the same structure with the aim of comparing the results of the combined RDEA-BSC and FDEA-BSC models in Tabriz automotive industry and the input and output data in the form of symmetrical triangular fuzzy numbers and the set of uneven numbers to the input and output model The models show the performance of the supply chain. From the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) method as a tool for designing performance evaluation indicators in four aspects; financial, processes, customer and learning and human force growth have been used and also the type of applied-descriptive research and measurement tool is questionnaire, financial documents and information analysis method, FDEA, RDEA, BSC mathematical model and sensitivity analysis. The results of the research show that the efficiency of Amico in each model is higher than other studied companies Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

385 - Presenting a Comparative Model and Financial Ranking of Petrochemical Companies Using Dynamic Network Data Envelopment Analysis (DNDEA)
Ali hasanpor rahmat alizadeh seyed ali Nabavi Chashmi

10.30495/imj.2021.686612

The aim of this study is to provide a comparative model and financial ranking of petrochemical companies using dynamic network data envelopment analysis (DNDEA) approach by CCR and AP methods. occurred. In the first step, a relational model including major profit sheet, More

The aim of this study is to provide a comparative model and financial ranking of petrochemical companies using dynamic network data envelopment analysis (DNDEA) approach by CCR and AP methods. occurred. In the first step, a relational model including major profit sheet, balance sheet and financial soundness indicators is presented under a dynamic network structure. Then, the dynamic effect of indicators (carriers and relationships) is included to calculate the efficiency scores for these four infrastructures correctly. Then we calculated using the two models and the results were extracted.This research is applied in terms of purpose and its statistical population is petrochemical companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.Based on the research findings, according to the research criteria, efficiency was calculated. Out of 18 petrochemical companies studied, two companies were identified in the CCR method and one company in the AP method as moderately efficient. However, the results show a strong correlation of 71% between the two methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

386 - Evaluating suppliers using gray data envelopment analysis With applying decision maker preferences
Shahab Rafiazadeh Dariush Mohammadi Zanjirani

10.30495/imj.2022.1933549.1642

Organizations and companies in order to increase their capabilities in the business environment must increase the level of outsourcing of their activities, and this increases the dependence on suppliers., they must pay attention to the performance of their suppliers, an More

Organizations and companies in order to increase their capabilities in the business environment must increase the level of outsourcing of their activities, and this increases the dependence on suppliers., they must pay attention to the performance of their suppliers, and also the evaluation and selection of efficient suppliers creates a competitive advantage for companies. Recent studies have suggested many methods for evaluating and selecting suppliers. Data envelopment analysis due to the basis of mathematical programming and linear algebra is one of the powerful methods in this regard that measures the efficiency of homogeneous units with multiple inputs and outputs. On the other hand, due to the uncertainty of the data in real applications, this issue has become a complex decision-making. Gray number theory is a method used to deal with uncertainty conditions that has been used in this research. In the present study, two models for evaluating and selecting efficient suppliers and a method for ranking efficient units based on data envelopment analysis and gray data are presented. The first model is proposed in order to achieve real results by applying the priority of inputs and outputs by decision makers and the second model is proposed by reducing the volume of calculations and solving them in the issue of evaluation and selection of efficient suppliers. The two mentioned models have been used to evaluate the car glass suppliers of IranKhodro Company and the implementation of the model shows acceptable results from the implementation of the proposed models. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

387 - Location set covering and maximal set covering of distributers of auto oil produc-tion in Naft-e-Pars Oil Company
saeid edris ameri Isa Nakhaei Kamalabadi Masoomeh Zeinalnezhad

10.30495/imj.2022.1945772.1719

Competition in product identification and distribution has largely limited the automotive oil industry to short-term strategies. Location models have been welcomed by industry owners, engineers and researchers in the relevant fields due to their obvious impact and great More

Competition in product identification and distribution has largely limited the automotive oil industry to short-term strategies. Location models have been welcomed by industry owners, engineers and researchers in the relevant fields due to their obvious impact and great importance in reducing costs in the field of establishment and operation of production and distribution facilities. On the other hand, in terms of geographical coverage capacity in the field of distribution of these products, which covers the whole country, so far little research has been done on the degree of penetration of each product. The problem of locating maximum coverage to meet the total demand of customers and responding to the maximum satisfaction of customer demand using the existing facilities leads to an increase in benefits and ultimate profit. Due to this issue, in this study, we used the location-maximum coverage (MCLP) problem for a wider distribution of car oil in the geographical area of Iran. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of maximum location-coverage, multi-criteria decision making (MODM) has been used by considering quantitative and qualitative indicators as evaluation criteria. Network Analysis Process (ANP) is a relatively efficient way to use the interrelationships of indicators systematically. In this regard, the test and decision evaluation method (DEMATEL) has been used to convert cause and effect relationships between indicators and identify internal dependencies within the set of indicators. Finally, according to the real data, priority agencies have been determined in the provinces. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

388 - A Hierarchical Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis to Locate the Solar Power Sites
Navid Rafiei Mahtab Sherafati

The creation of solar panels can be a turning point in the use of clean energy. Environmental protection, non-polluting, and efficiency of solar panels cause that they have been one of the important and novel means of electrical power generation in many parts of th More

The creation of solar panels can be a turning point in the use of clean energy. Environmental protection, non-polluting, and efficiency of solar panels cause that they have been one of the important and novel means of electrical power generation in many parts of the world. In this paper, a hierarchical data envelopment analysis process is applied to determine the most efficient location for the solar power sites under uncertainty environment. Finally, the proposed approach is conducted for a real case study and the best and the most effective location is chosen for solar power generation site.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

389 - Evaluation and Selection of a Supplier by Interval DEA Models with Assurance Region: ADEA Approach to Efficient and Inefficient Frontiers
Hossein Azizi Akbar Jafari Shaerlar

Traditionally, suppliers evaluation and selection models based on basic data put less emphasis on ordinal data; however, with the extensive use of production philosophies, such as Just In Time (JIT) production, further emphasis is put on considering cardinal and ordinal More

Traditionally, suppliers evaluation and selection models based on basic data put less emphasis on ordinal data; however, with the extensive use of production philosophies, such as Just In Time (JIT) production, further emphasis is put on considering cardinal and ordinal data simultaneously through the supplier selection process. Application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for the issues concerning the evaluation and selection of the supplier is based on the complete flexibility of weights. Yet, the problem is permissibility of complete flexibility of their weights, as the weight values obtained through the solving unrestricted DEA program are often contrary to the earlier viewpoints or the additional information. The present paper aims to propose interval DEA models with assurance region for evaluation and selection of the best supplier in the presence of weight restrictions and imprecise data. It proposes a new approach based on “DEA with efficient and inefficient frontiers” for evaluation and selection of the best supplier in the presence of weight restrictions and imprecise data. In this approach, optimistic and pessimistic efficiencies are considered simultaneously for each supplier. When the assurance region constraints are added to the interval DEA optimistic models, scores of calculated efficiency interval become worse and a supplier previously determined as the optimistic efficient supplier may be recognized as optimistic non-efficient. When the assurance region constraints are added to the interval DEA pessimistic models, scores of calculated efficiency interval are improved and a supplier previously recognized as a pessimistic inefficient supplier may be recognized as pessimistic non-inefficient. Comparing traditional DEA, DEA approach with efficient and inefficient frontiers may recognize the best supplier correctly and conveniently. A numerical example shows the application of the proposed approach.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

390 - A New Method for Ranking the Discovered Rules Obtained from Data Mining Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Hossein Azizi

Data mining techniques, i.e. extraction of patterns from large databases, are extensively used in business. Many rules may be obtained by these techniques and only a few of them may be considered for implementation due to the limitation of budgets and resources. Evaluat More

Data mining techniques, i.e. extraction of patterns from large databases, are extensively used in business. Many rules may be obtained by these techniques and only a few of them may be considered for implementation due to the limitation of budgets and resources. Evaluating and ranking attractiveness and usefulness of the association rules is of paramount importance in data mining. In the earlier studies carried out on identifying mentally interesting association rules, most methods required writing information or asking users for explicit differentiation of interesting rules from uninteresting ones. These methods involve detailed calculations and they may even lead to inconsistent conclusions. To solve these problems, this article proposes the application of the double frontiers Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach for selecting the most effective association rule. In this approach, in addition to the best relative efficiency of each association rule, its worst relative efficiency is considered. Comparing with the traditional DEA, double frontiers DEA Approach is capable of identifying the most efficient association rule correctly and easily. As an advantage, the proposed approach is more efficient than the earlier works in this concern, as far as calculations are concerned. Applicability of our DEA-based method for measuring the efficiency of association rules will be shown by multiple criteria using an example of market basket analysis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

391 - A New Expansion on Multi-Stage DEA Methodology in Supply Chain Management
Saviz Saei Esmaeil Najafi

Data envelopment analysis is the tool for computation in decision-making units such as supply chain. Since the model of two-stage data envelopment analysis has more focused on supply chain processes in two levels; the evaluation in higher levels has been essential to ob More

Data envelopment analysis is the tool for computation in decision-making units such as supply chain. Since the model of two-stage data envelopment analysis has more focused on supply chain processes in two levels; the evaluation in higher levels has been essential to obtain more accurate efficiency. This paper extends Wang & Chin (2010) model into three levels for evaluation the supply chain to show the importance of integration in the overall supply chain. The model is considered the extended two-stage DEA model of Koa and Hwang(2008) to variable returns to scale (VRS) assumption and the additive efficiency decomposition model of Chen (2009) generalized to take into account the relative importance weights of two individual stages. The presented model is executed in numerical illustration and the results are analyzed in tables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

392 - Evaluation of Performance of Personnel Units of Management in Mellat Bank with a Combined Approach of Window analysis Models and Malmquist Index
Ezatolah Asgharizadeh Masoud Keimasi Elnaz Borji

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of personnel units of five regions of Tehran Bank Mellat and investigating their productivity and efficiency by taking advantage of data envelopment analysis (DEA) efficiency as well as using Malmquist index. The More

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of personnel units of five regions of Tehran Bank Mellat and investigating their productivity and efficiency by taking advantage of data envelopment analysis (DEA) efficiency as well as using Malmquist index. The study period is 2011-2015.In this study, we track the performance of every decision-making unit over time and to analyze the changes in efficiency and productivity as well as separation of efficiency over time and into two major components: technological developments and changes in efficiency by Malmquist Index and window analysis. The results show that human resources departments of regions 4 and 5, respectively, with 93% and 97% technical efficiency scores are in the first place, and the offices of regions 4 and 5 with the mean efficiency of about 95% have appropriate efficiency. Moreover, human resources departments of all regions with the average efficiency of over 95% are favorable. Based on Malmquist Index values among the regions, Region 3 (1.023) has had efficiency improve in during the study period, and evaluating total efficiency changes show that year 2012 (1.033) has had the greatest growth in productivity.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

393 - Worst-practice Data Envelopment Analysis Models for the Measurement of Fuzzy Efficiency
Hossein Azizi Haidar Rasul Jahed Leila Farrokhi

The classic form of data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is based on the concept of efficient production frontier, determines the best efficiency score that can be assigned to each member of a set of decision-making units (DMUs). Based on these scores, DMUs are classi More

The classic form of data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is based on the concept of efficient production frontier, determines the best efficiency score that can be assigned to each member of a set of decision-making units (DMUs). Based on these scores, DMUs are classified into optimistic efficient and optimistic non-efficient units, and the optimistic efficient DMUs determine the efficiency frontier. Classic DEA can be used for identification of well-performing (efficient) units in the most favorable scenario. For identification of units with bad performance, such as bankrupt firms in the most unfavorable scenario (the worst case), there is a similar approach, called worst efficiency analysis, which uses the inefficient production frontier in order to determine the worst relative efficiency score that can be assigned to each DMU. DMUs lying on the inefficient production frontier are specified as pessimistic inefficient, while those that are neither on the efficient production frontier nor on the inefficient production frontier is designated as DEA-unspecified units. DEA requires that input and output data are known exactly. However, this is not the case in real-world applications. However, the observed values of the input and output data in real-world problems are sometimes fuzzy. Many researchers have proposed various fuzzy methods for dealing with the fuzzy data in DEA. This paper presents two new fuzzy DEA models based on fuzzy arithmetic that make it possible to work with fuzzy input and output data in DEA. The new fuzzy DEA models are formulated as linear programming models, and they can be used for determining the fuzzy efficiency of a group of DMUs. The worst-practice frontier fuzzy DEA models presented in this paper accurately identify the “worst-practice” DMUs that form the worst practice-frontier (the inefficiency frontier). This is particularly relevant for our application to credit risk evaluation, but this also has general relevance since the worst performers are where the largest improvement potential can be found. An example will be presented to illustrate the application of the new approach.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

394 - Design a Hybrid Model of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques for Ranking the Bank Branches
Pegah Aminijam Milad Jasemi Zargani

Due to the importance of ranking bank branches and the lack of a comprehensive ranking model, which can lead to improved performance of the bank and the country economic growth, offering a hybrid multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) model for ranking among bank bran More

Due to the importance of ranking bank branches and the lack of a comprehensive ranking model, which can lead to improved performance of the bank and the country economic growth, offering a hybrid multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) model for ranking among bank branches is necessary. However, with the passing of time, MCDM methods have helped a lot in the rankings. But the choice of which methods is accepted as the best solution is always an ambiguity. Since the comprehensive hybrid algorithm that can identify the top branches not provided, yet. This research is trying to achieve the final ranking of the branches. Thus the optimal solution is to introduce a hybrid algorithm that determines the optimal weights of the MADM methods by a linear model. This approach is especially applicable when we cannot prefer any ranking method to others. Thus, in this paper, the criteria weights are obtained using DEMATEL and ANP methods. Afterward, the bank branches are ranked using TOPSIS, VIKOR, PROMETHEE II, SAW, WPM and DEA methods, each of which is important and significant. Finally, using proposed hybrid algorithm the optimal weights of different methods and the ranks are calculated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

395 - A Study on the Efficiency of Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Hiresh Soltanpanah Iman Dadashi Samira Zarei

In this research, we investigate the efficiency of companies listed on Tehran stock exchange using Data envelopment analysis (DEA). To do so, we compute the relative efficiency of the companies using input oriented CCR, BCC and CRS and VRS approaches and separate their More

In this research, we investigate the efficiency of companies listed on Tehran stock exchange using Data envelopment analysis (DEA). To do so, we compute the relative efficiency of the companies using input oriented CCR, BCC and CRS and VRS approaches and separate their inefficiency into two technical and scale sections. In continuous, we tend to determine the companies with the absolute efficiency among the companies with one hundred percent relative efficiency. Finally, we try to determine the reference groups as a pattern for improving their efficiency by identifying the weakly efficient companies. The research data were collected from financial statement of 75 companies listed in three different industries including chemical, food and non-metal in the Tehran stock exchange from 2006 to 2010. By considering the previous researchers, in order to compute the efficiency of the companies, we use from two input variables including total assets and total liability to total assets ratio and three output variables including EPS, ROA and ROE. The results show that the significant amount of existing inefficiency is because of the scale inefficiency in these companies, while all the efficient companies in these three industries are as the weakly efficiency type and there isn’t any company with the absolute efficiency among them.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

396 - Provide a Data Envelopment Analysis/Data Mining Integrated Model for Evaluation of Decision-making Units
Alireza Alinezhad Javad Khalili

Efficiency is an important issue for the managers of different companies and organizations, as well as customers who are interested in services of these companies and organizations. The aim of this research is to study the efficiency of pharmaceutical companies accepted More

Efficiency is an important issue for the managers of different companies and organizations, as well as customers who are interested in services of these companies and organizations. The aim of this research is to study the efficiency of pharmaceutical companies accepted in stock exchange organization using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and then, providing some rules using the decision tree. The Malmquist index partly resolves the problem of inadequacy of the observations by enabling the combination of time-series and cross-sectional observations. This method acts on the basis of moving average and it is of use for finding performance trends of a unit during the time. In this research, regarding the inputs and outputs and using the Malmquist index, efficiency evaluation of 22 pharmaceutical companies accepted in stock exchange organization has been done in the state of constant returns to scale during 2012-2016, and the results obtained were used as the class label of Decision-Making Units (DMUs) which are in fact inputs of decision tree method. Finally, using the decision tree, rules implicit in the data, are extracted. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

397 - A Two-Stage DEA Model to Evaluate and Improve the Systems Function (Case study: Sorena System Sharq Company Projects)
Mehran Khalaj Hamid Reza Asilfarid

In this research, with the improvement of previous existed models and surveying of structural similarities, more efficient model will be offered which is able to an evaluation of DMU performance of a two-stage system simultaneously and also the consequent assessment of More

In this research, with the improvement of previous existed models and surveying of structural similarities, more efficient model will be offered which is able to an evaluation of DMU performance of a two-stage system simultaneously and also the consequent assessment of the system’s operation. Improved procedures and solutions are offered in such a way that following them the ideal efficient situation can be figured out. The proposed model can solve the previous models’ issues which can lead to impractical and invalid responses. The practical result of this research is the conceptual model for evaluating the performance of projects and inspection of electronic protection in Sorena System Company, where a method is created for optimizing the impact of each component of the primary inputs over the final output and consensus performance of projects effectively and efficiently.  The cost of advertising, personnel and equipment’s programs in Rials (as the three factors of input), the monetary value of provided services of (private and public) inspection and electronic protection projects (as two intermediate output component) and the quantity and index‘s monetary value of deviant work in inspection and electronic protection projects (as two components of the final output targets) will be analyzed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

398 - Assessment of Component’s Efficiency with MCDEA
Seyed Esmail Najafi Elham Shafaghi Faigh Zaheri

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Open Access Article

399 - Assessing the Performance of the Organization Using the Combined Approach of Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis and Balanced Scorecard (Case study: Tejarat Bank Branches of Yazd Province)
Seyed Habibollah Mirghafoori Ali Morovati Vahid Namavaran Fatemeh Zamani

In today’s competitive environment in manufacturing and services process, the organizations are confronted with the need to have indicators and patterns for assessing the performance. The balanced scorecard is a successful instrument in implementing the strategic More

In today’s competitive environment in manufacturing and services process, the organizations are confronted with the need to have indicators and patterns for assessing the performance. The balanced scorecard is a successful instrument in implementing the strategic plans of the organization. The present paper aims to evaluate the performance and rank the branches of Tejarat bank in Yazd province based on their efficiency. The balanced scorecard is an appropriate device for designing and measuring the performance in terms of four perspectives including financial, customer, internal process and growth and innovation. This study also intends to use a combining model of BSC and fuzzy data envelopment analysis to evaluate the performance of the branches. This is a descriptive study using field study along with the library, observation and sometimes interview to gather the required information. The findings reveal that among the twenty-six examined branches, 11 branches are efficient. Additionally, the cross efficiency ranking has been used to rank the branches. Finally, the sensitivity analyses demonstrate that ATM has the highest impact on the efficiency of the units followed by the position and the number of employees. On the other hand, the total bank deposits have the least impact on the efficiency of the banks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

400 - A Data Envelopment Analysis Model with Interval Data Using TOPSIS Technique
Hossein Azizi Alireza Amirteimoori Sohrab Kordrostami

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a methodology for assessing the performances of a group of decision-making units (DMUs) that utilize multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. This paper introduces two virtual DMUs called ideal DMU and anti-ideal DMU into the inter More

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a methodology for assessing the performances of a group of decision-making units (DMUs) that utilize multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. This paper introduces two virtual DMUs called ideal DMU and anti-ideal DMU into the interval DEA. The resultant interval DEA models are, respectively, referred to as the interval DEA with ideal and anti-ideal DMUs. One evaluates DMUs from the viewpoint of the optimistic efficiency, while the other evaluates them from the perspective of the pessimistic efficiency. The two distinctive interval efficiencies are combined to form a comprehensive index called the relative closeness to the ideal DMU just like the well-known technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution approach in multiple attribute decision making. The relative closeness index is then used as the evidence of overall assessment of each DMU, based on which an overall ranking for all the DMUs can be obtained. We also present an example on evaluating the performance of twenty bank branches which shows that the proposed interval DEA approach is a simple, efficient, and practical method for performance measurement in real-life situations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

401 - Evaluation of Management Efficiency in Cement Industry of Iran Using Data Envelopment Analysis Technique
Akbar Valizadeh Oghani Nasser Fegh-hi Farahmand Farzin Modarres Khiabani

The management ability affects activities such as R & D, cost, financial costs, assets and firm's income. Their efficiency also depends on these factors. The purpose of this study is to measure the ability of management in the cement industry with a new pattern has More

The management ability affects activities such as R & D, cost, financial costs, assets and firm's income. Their efficiency also depends on these factors. The purpose of this study is to measure the ability of management in the cement industry with a new pattern has been member of the Iranian stock exchange. To do this, data from financial statements of companies at 2012 to 2016 years were used. First, by implementing a suitable model and regional Data Envelopment Analysis model, Relative efficiency for each of the companies is calculated and efficient units also have been ranking with Anderson-Peterson method. Then estimate a regression model, the index is calculated to management ability each of the firms. For evaluating the relative efficiency optimization software GAMS and to determine the ability of management software E-Views is used. We aim to achieve non-inherent ability of managers in units. The results of the research show that the efficiency or Inefficiency of the companies can be related to the inherent and acquired ability of managers. The results indicate that companies that have been evaluated with a score efficiently (For example; Iran Chalk Co. & Ardabil Cement Co.), not simply guarantee for high ability of their managers. While, some companies have been efficiently evaluated the ability of their managers is also high. For example; Khuzestan Cement Co. & Mazandaran Cement Co.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

402 - Outsourcing in Railway Transportation Using the Data Enveloping Method
Mohammad Mehdi Movahedi Nima Saeedi

Due to the competitive condition of the private environment of the organizations, the newly arrived services providing companies have gained a huge growth. The issues of economic recession as well as the bankruptcy of different industries, the railway industry in partic More

Due to the competitive condition of the private environment of the organizations, the newly arrived services providing companies have gained a huge growth. The issues of economic recession as well as the bankruptcy of different industries, the railway industry in particular, have forced the organizations to make themselves ready for the critical days trying to remove the economic barriers by their own. So, these organizations must be familiar with the methods and tricks of the change management. This measure must be performed in such a way to make them less vulnerable to the turbulences which happen and to help them for the better quality, higher productivity with less administrative an production costs. In this paper, it is aimed to introduce the outsourcing strategy as a tool for enhancing the organizational productivity and through combining it with the DEA to provide a tool for the railway transportation companies to select their required suppliers. If the process of outsourcing by using the external resources is performed based on the certain studies, it would lead to the reduction of production costs, quality improvement, employee satisfaction, employment growth and finally to the increase of organizational productivity. Therefore, through outsourcing and combining it with DEA and GP for selecting the supplier, the process of using this acquired efficiency tool would be available.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

403 - Investigation of increasing surface hardness of 316L stainless steel using amorphous aluminum phosphate coating
tara bazdar Abdolmajid Eslami ahmad monshi Fatemehsadat Sayyedan Alireza Abbasloo

In this study, amorphous aluminum phosphate coating was applied on 316L stainless steel surface to increase hardness and chemical resistance. Amorphous means no crystal structure and grain boundaries due to the lack of weaknesses related to these two parameters. In this More

In this study, amorphous aluminum phosphate coating was applied on 316L stainless steel surface to increase hardness and chemical resistance. Amorphous means no crystal structure and grain boundaries due to the lack of weaknesses related to these two parameters. In this synthesis, ethanol-based aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and phosphorus oxide precursor solutions were used. It was heated to 70 ° C for 15 minutes to obtain a clear sol with 75% by weight of aluminum phosphate and a molar ratio of aluminum to phosphorus of 1.75. After activating the surface of steel plates and immersion in aluminum phosphate sol, it was heated in three stages of one minute for 24 hours at 65 ° C and 30 minutes at 500 ° C. Continuous X-RAY diffraction pattern proved the existence of an amorphous structure and showed that it is controlled with some extra aluminum. Scanning electron microscopy images and spectroscopic analysis showed that the peeling of the coating in marble-activated samples was better than that of Aqua-Regia and Loria. The microhardness test on the heat-treated sample at 500 ° C showed a threefold increase in hardness compared to the substrate metal. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

404 - The Application of Taguchi method in Optimization of Tool Flank Wear in High-Speed Machining
ata Fardaghaie mehdi Jalali Azizpour

The purpose of this study was to predict the optimal conditions of machining parameters including tool coating method, cutting speed, advancement rate, and cutting depth to minimize tool flank wear in AISI 4140 hardened steel machining, with PVD and CVD coated tools. In More

The purpose of this study was to predict the optimal conditions of machining parameters including tool coating method, cutting speed, advancement rate, and cutting depth to minimize tool flank wear in AISI 4140 hardened steel machining, with PVD and CVD coated tools. In recent years, the trend towards cutting tool coating technology has increased with increasing cutting speed and advancement rate. These tools are coated using two different methods: physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The L18 orthogonal array was designed by Taguchi experiments and the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) was used to optimize the parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also used to determine the importance of effective parameters. Finally, the validation test was performed using the Taguchi optimization method to validate and show the effectiveness of this method. The results showed that the tool with PVD coating has the best performance for minimum tool wear. Also, cutting speed was the most important parameter affecting tool wear. The results of the confirmation test showed that the Taguchi method is a reliable and successful method for optimizing machining parameters for minimum tool wear in AISI 4140 high-speed steel turning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

405 - Investigating the use of TiO2 and TiO2 microparticles waterproofed with nanotechnology in epoxy paint composite coatings on X52 steel
Amir Kazemi Ahmad Menshi Mehdi Boroujerdnia

In this research, two types of composite coatings based on epoxy paint reinforced by TiO2 nano and micro particles and TiO2 particles hydrophobicized by polysiloxane were prepared separately with concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% by weight to improve the properties of More

In this research, two types of composite coatings based on epoxy paint reinforced by TiO2 nano and micro particles and TiO2 particles hydrophobicized by polysiloxane were prepared separately with concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% by weight to improve the properties of epoxy paint. and in order to investigate their behavior, they were applied on API 5L X52 steel and then their properties were investigated by conducting corrosion and wear tests. The thickness of the coatings was checked by a digital thickness gauge. The corrosion resistance behavior of the coatings was evaluated using the polarization method in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results of the corrosion test showed that by adding and increasing the concentration of reinforcing particles in the coatings, the corrosion resistance was improved, and also the composite coating of epoxy paint with 5% by weight of the hydrophobic TiO2 reinforcement showed better corrosion resistance than other samples. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with EDX was used to examine the morphological properties of the surface. In order to check the dispersion of micro particles in the field of coating, Map analysis was taken from the samples. The results obtained from Map analysis have shown the appropriate and uniform distribution of hydrophobic particles in the field of epoxy coating. The wear resistance of the coatings was performed by the bullet test machine on the disc. The results of the abrasion test showed that by adding and increasing the concentration of reinforcing particles in the coating, the abrasion resistance of the coating increased, but by comparing the epoxy composite samples, it was found that the hydrophobicity of the reinforcing particles had no effect on the abrasion resistance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

406 - بررسی روند جوشکاری مقاومتی فولاد حاوی بور ضرب داغ شده با پوشش Al-Si بر روی بدنه خودرو
مهران جعفرپور مال امیری حسن کاوسی بلوتکی

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Open Access Article

407 - Use and land cover change detection on Arjan lake Fars province, during 1987-2004
Somayeh Beyranvand Zahra Kamali

Change detection is the process of identifying differences in the state of an object or phenomenon by observing itat different times that can play is an important role in regional planning.This study is an integration of remotesensing data and Geographic Information Sys More

Change detection is the process of identifying differences in the state of an object or phenomenon by observing itat different times that can play is an important role in regional planning.This study is an integration of remotesensing data and Geographic Information System in order to detecting changes of land use and land cover aroundthe Arjan Lake in Fars province from 1987 to 2004. After geometric and atmospheric corrections We classifiedsatellite images in four categories zone water, land farming, shrubbery and bare lands using maximum likelihoodalgorithm and compared the output images using post- classification method which lead to calculating rates ofchanges. Results showed when ever lake water decreases in a period of time, bare and shrub lands increase,which corresponds the dryness of the lake. Comparing water Arjan Lake area during a period of 17 yearsindicates total decrease of 6.5 square kilometers for the water mass of the lake. The overall accuracy and kappacoefficient was calculated for the output data showed all data are classified with high accuracy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

408 - Numerical modeling of segmental lining of Golab water conveyance tunnel due to reduced environmental impact
mehdi saneiaraei meisam hakimianbidgoli mohamadamin vashadi araei

Lack of proper drinking water is a major problem in the Central and Eastern cities of the country. Therefore, the necessity of water transmission projects are posed and since meeting these needs using traditional methods are very difficult, time-consuming and costly; so More

Lack of proper drinking water is a major problem in the Central and Eastern cities of the country. Therefore, the necessity of water transmission projects are posed and since meeting these needs using traditional methods are very difficult, time-consuming and costly; so the mechanized excavation of tunnels and segmental lining are used. The water transferred through the pipes has significant surface destruction. That would result in serious environmental problems. Also, transferring water through the pipes is more expensive than the tunnel. In this paper, after introducing all procedures of segments design, segmental lining of Golab water conveyance tunnel using finite element was modeled.  Firstly, loads on  segmental lining was determined by UDEC software after installation in tunnel. Then, these amounts of load on the segments used for modeling was applied in ABAQUS software. Results obtained by 3D modeling software showed that the greatest amount of displacement of segments under different stress conditions concerns to the bottom segment. Based on the performed modeling, due to the high compressive stress, the crack is only seen in segment concrete and these results are totally in compliance with Golab tunnel segments observations.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

409 - Inhibitory effects of non-chemical agents on Penicillium expansum and other decay fungi in apple
Tahmineh Naeem Abadi Mansoureh Keshavarzi Majid Hashemi Hossain Mirdehghan

Blue mold caused by Peniciliium expansum Link. is a major postharvest decay agent in apple fruit.  In this research, the efficacy of two non-chemical compounds including chitosan and carnoba coating wax and Imazalil in inhibiting blue mold in apple cvs. Golden deli More

Blue mold caused by Peniciliium expansum Link. is a major postharvest decay agent in apple fruit.  In this research, the efficacy of two non-chemical compounds including chitosan and carnoba coating wax and Imazalil in inhibiting blue mold in apple cvs. Golden delicious and Red delicious and their association with polyphenol content was studied in laboratory condition. Additionally, the effect of two antagonistis (Trichoderma atroviride and T. haziamum) on a number of decaying fungi including Rhizopus stolonifer, Alternaria  alternata, P. expansum, Ulocladium sp., Aspergilus sp., Cladosporium fulvum and Monilia sp. was determined. Fungicide Imazalil and distilled water were used as controls. Based on the results, Golden delicious was more susceptible to P. expansum than Red delicious. In both cultivars, chitosan treatment reduced P. expansum decay in fruit and its growth in culture medium. The least to the most decay severities were observed in Imazalil, chitosan+Imizalil, chitosan, chitosan+wax and wax treatments and chitosan treatment reduced it up to 97% Polyphenol concentration was higher in Red delicious than Golden delicious and the most to the least polyphenol concentration were detected in chitosan, chitosan+Imizalil, chitosan+wax, Imizalil, wax and control (distilled water) treatments, respectively. Negative correlations were found between polyphenol concentration and P. expansum susceptibility and treatment (R=-0.989and -0.68, respectively). Accordingly, inducible and constitutive polyphenols might contribute in apple resistance to blue mold and in chitosan-induced protection. Both Trichoderma species in particulr T. atroviride inhibited all decaying agents. Based on these results, chitosan can be recommended as an effective nonchemical agent for apple protection against blue mold but carnoba wax has no protective effect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

410 - کاربرد تصاویر ماهواره ای برای تهیه نقشه کاربری اراضی حوضه آبخیز قزل اوزن با استفاده از تکنیک فیوژن و پردازش شی گرا
محمد خضری احمدآباد کریم سلیمانی

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Open Access Article

411 - Identifying and reviewing the process of vegetation usage changes using time-based neural network and CA models using GIS and RS techniques (Case Study: Minoodasht County Golestan Province)
صادق شکوری سید مسعود موسوی حسنی مهسا پورعطاکش آناهیتا قربانی سمیرا ارنک

Monitoring land use change is important in many planning and urban management activities. Due to human activities and natural phenomena, the face of the earth always changes.Therefore, for optimal management of natural areas, awareness of the land use change ratio is co More

Monitoring land use change is important in many planning and urban management activities. Due to human activities and natural phenomena, the face of the earth always changes.Therefore, for optimal management of natural areas, awareness of the land use change ratio is considered necessary. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and reveal land use changes, especially the use of vegetation cover in the Auchan region, from the functions of Minoodasht city of Golestan province in a 30-year time span using remote sensing and spatial information systems and MATLAB, ARCGIS and ENVI software.For this purpose, Landsat satellite ETM sensor was used from 1987, 1993, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2008, 2013, 2015, and 2017, and after making necessary corrections in the preprocessing stage, to monitor vegetation time changes, the index Vegetation cover (NDVI) was calculated in MATLAB software for each 9 time intervals.Then, by using the calculated images of the first 7 years and the model of the neural network (time series), the images of the eighth and ninth year were predicted and obtained, and then calculating the RMSE error between the output images of the model with the actualImages, the validation model it turned out the results show that the model with an average RMSE of about 0.13 was very good for the NDVI.The CA model was used to predict vegetation changes. The results show that the vegetation cover in the last two years, 2015 and 2017, has been upgraded by the neural network model and the study area has become greener Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

412 - Evaluation Remote sensing of land use effects on land surface temperature gradient using Landsat images: Case study: Kharestan Watershed
Abbasali vali abolfazl ranjbar marzieh mokarram farideh taripanah

Several factors affect the temperature gradient of the Land surface, one of the factors affecting human activities is land use changes that can lead to global temperature changes. Land surface temperature changes affect the natural climate of the region, so understandin More

Several factors affect the temperature gradient of the Land surface, one of the factors affecting human activities is land use changes that can lead to global temperature changes. Land surface temperature changes affect the natural climate of the region, so understanding its changes and balancing it is essential to understand the indirect effects of human intervention on ecosystems and their management. The aim of this study is to investigate land use, land surface temperature characteristics in each land use as well as correlation between land surface temperature variations and normalized difference index (NDVI). In this study, land use, land temperature and NDVI analysis was used from Landsat 5TM in 1990, 2010, ETM7 2000, and 8OLI for 2017. Land use was studied using supervised classification method. The results showed that the amount of land surface temperature in each land use was different and the maximom amount was found in the bare soil and in the built areas and the lowest in the garden. The difference in land surface temperature between built areas with vegetation in the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2017 was 3.58, 2.27, 3.20 and 2.12 ° C, respectively. Also, the difference in temperature between bare soil with vegetation cover in these four periods was 3/3, 0.8, 0.81 and 2.38 ° C respectively. In this study, the relationship between NDVI and surface temperature showed a negative correlation, so that areas with low NDVI had higher temperatures than those with high NDVI. The relationship between vegetation changes and surface temperature changes showed a significant correlation between these two parameters (R = 0.63). Therefore, it can be stated that land uses with more vegetation have lower temperatures than land uses with less cover. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

413 - Assessment of the capability of supervised classification algorithms in the preparation of vegetation map Case Study: Abyek, Tehran
ensiyeh mihanparast

In order to properly manage rangeland ecosystems and vegetation, it is necessary to know the relationship between their components. One of the main components of these ecosystems is vegetation and its composition, which is under the control of environmental factors. In More

In order to properly manage rangeland ecosystems and vegetation, it is necessary to know the relationship between their components. One of the main components of these ecosystems is vegetation and its composition, which is under the control of environmental factors. In other words, the pattern of vegetation distribution is affected by many environmental factors. Today, business awareness and its health play an important role in soil and plant management. Also, the use of vegetation maps is one of the most important pillars in the production of information for regional planning. Therefore, using remote sensing knowledge and careful study of elements, it is possible to identify vegetation and its types and its distribution using satellite images. Therefore, in the present study, two supervised classification algorithms including Maximum likehood and Spactral angel mapper have been used to evaluate the vegetation cover and its distribution for Abyek region. The overall accuracy for the MLC and SAM algorithms is 91.86 and 68.85, respectively, and the MLC and SAM kapa ratios are 0.89 and 0.62, respectively. Therefore, the MLC algorithm was recognized as a more appropriate method for assessing and estimating the vegetation distribution of the Abyek region, and therefore the MLC algorithm has a higher accuracy than the SAM algorithm. It goes without saying that the correlation between vegetation and environmental factors is one of the most important issues affecting the formation of the structure of plant communities and their distribution in each region and study area, and the specific conditions of each region are different. Recognize and manage vegetation. Manuscript profile

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414 - Recognition and analysis of urban heat islands using Landsat 8 satellite image (Case example: Shiraz city)
Raha Dalaeli GholamReza Moradi Mahsa Dehghanian

The expansion of urbanization has significant effects on the planet. One of the effects that people are dealing with today is global warming, which has appeared as urban heat islands. Heat islands are urban areas that are significantly warmer than the surrounding enviro More

The expansion of urbanization has significant effects on the planet. One of the effects that people are dealing with today is global warming, which has appeared as urban heat islands. Heat islands are urban areas that are significantly warmer than the surrounding environment. The purpose of the research is to extract the spatial-temporal changes of the thermal islands of Shiraz using satellite images and to determine the relationship between the type of land cover and its surface temperature. In this regard, first the necessary pre-processing was done to prepare a user map on the images and the changes in land cover, water, wind, vegetation and albedo and the sky visibility index of the studied area were also extracted and satellite images were prepared and interpreted in the GIS environment. The results show that point number 9 (Qasr al-Dasht gardens of Shiraz) has the lowest temperature and this shows the inverse relationship between green spaces and thermal islands. The use of remote sensing data plays an important role in the management of urban space and effectively helps city managers in urban space planning. Urban building materials have a significant effect on intensifying heat islands in such a way that the use of standard materials reduces the temperature to a large extent, and vegetation has a reducing effect and built surfaces have intensifying effects on heat islands. The pattern of spatial and temporal distribution of thermal islands is influenced by the pattern of land use distribution. Manuscript profile

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415 - A GIS-Based Sites Selection with Maximal Covering Location Problem for bank branch Development
Fatemeh Dekamini Mohammad Ehsanifar seyed Mohsen Lotfi

Selecting a location is a very important decision for firms because they are costly and difficult to reverse. A poor choice of location might result in excessive transportation costs, loss of qualified labor, competitive advantage or some similar condition that would be More

Selecting a location is a very important decision for firms because they are costly and difficult to reverse. A poor choice of location might result in excessive transportation costs, loss of qualified labor, competitive advantage or some similar condition that would be detrimental to operations.This paper proposed integration between MCDM model represented by ANP with GIS to propose the best location for construction of a new bank branch and then using maximal covering location problem to select branches that the maximum demand might be reached within a pre-specified target travel time. Bank branch location is one of the most significant strategic issues in the competitive market. In this paper, a Geographic Information System (GIS) based model for locating suitable sites is presented to make new branches, and then maximal covering location problem (MCLP) is used to select branches such that the maximum demand might be reached within a pre-specified target travel time. The model was implemented for Mehr Eqtesad bank in Arak city, Iran. In the future research, it is recommended to study reconstruction of bank branches. Moreover, applying this model on more complex problems is a challenging area for future studies. Manuscript profile

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416 - طراحی انتخاب تامین کننده چندهدفه ومساله تخصیص سفارش بادر نظرگرفتن پوشش و هزینه وحل آن بارویکرد فازی،Zimmermann
البرز حاجی خانی محمد خلیل زاده

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417 - ارزیابی عملکرد زنجیره تامین صنعت سیمان با استفاده از تحلیل پوششی داده ها
سیدمحمد سید حسینی محمد حسین درویش متولی

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418 - ارزیابی کارایی و رتبه بندی مدارس ابتدایی با استفاده از تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA)
فرانک امیدیان محمد امین اجاقی ندا اجاقی

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419 - ارزیابی کارایی و رتبه بندی مدارس ابتدایی با استفاده از تحلیل پوششی دادهها (DEA)
فرانک امیدیان محمدامین اجاقی ندا اجاقی

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420 - ارزیابی کارایی هزینه، درآمد و سود سازمان با استفاده تحلیل پوششی داده ها
مهدی صالحی صدقیانی سوان سهرائی

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421 - The effect of modified atmosphere packaging and multi-layer flexible films on the growth of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria s and sensory properties of fresh cherry tomato
Nazanin Zand Ahmad Zaki leila nateghi

In this study the effect of different concentrations of three gas mixture (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen), vacuum conditions and also ordinary conditions as control and 3 types flexible multi-layer films for extending shelf life of fresh cherry tomato at 4 0C were ev More

In this study the effect of different concentrations of three gas mixture (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen), vacuum conditions and also ordinary conditions as control and 3 types flexible multi-layer films for extending shelf life of fresh cherry tomato at 4 0C were evaluated. Ordinary conditions as control packaging were compared with four type of modified atmosphere packaging {(N2 70%+ CO230%), (48%CO2+48% N2 +4%O2), (N2 30% + CO270%)}, and vacuum conditions, in this project. These samples, were packaged in different flexible multi-layer films under modified atmosphere packaging, 3-layer {PET(12)/ AL(12)/LLD (80)},4-layer {PET(12)/AL(7) /PET(12)/LLD (80) } and 3-layer {PET(12)/AL(7)/LLD(80)}. Packed samples were performed microbial test (total aerobics count, total anaerobics count), Amount of dripped water test ، Sensory evaluation test on days 7, 14, 21, and 28, were done by SPSS (Ver:22) and Duncan’s new multiple range test, with confidence level of 95% (P <0.05).Results have been shown that, the usage of MAP was not adequate for controlling spoilage but the spoilage process was delayed. Therefore, the useing of gas composition (30% nitrogen and 70% carbon dioxide) and packaging with 4-layers were used to maintain the long-term and antimicrobial properties of fresh cherry tomato and to have a good effect on the amount of dripped water and the sensory properties were better. Manuscript profile

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422 - سنجش میزان برخورداری از فضای سبز در مناطق شهری استان فارس
مهدی نارنگی‌فرد محمود احمدی اسماعیل عبدلی

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423 - تهیه نقشه پوشش گیاهی شهری و تعیین سرانه استاندارد آن با استفاده از تصاویر پهپاد (مورد مطالعه : ناحیه 11 شهر بهبهان)
علی شجاعیان ناهید سجادیان نگار رحیم پور

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424 - Historical Understanding of the Position of Women in the Timurid Court according to Clavijo's Itinerary(corrected)
leila mohammadi

10.30495/hstr.2023.1988852.1857

Historical Understanding of the Position of Women in the Timurid Court according to Clavijo's ItineraryAbstractItineraries are important sources of understanding one society’s political, social, economic, and cultural history. The evaluation of social relations in More

Historical Understanding of the Position of Women in the Timurid Court according to Clavijo's ItineraryAbstractItineraries are important sources of understanding one society’s political, social, economic, and cultural history. The evaluation of social relations in a society is one of the most important issues for itinerary writers; this, apart from gender bias, provides a clear picture of daily lives of women and their experiences that are neglected in most sources and texts. The itineraries from Timurid period provide important information about social history especially about women of harem.The purpose of this study is to assess social status of women of Timurid dynasty according to Clavijo itinerary. The preset study, thus, seeks to understand and visualize the social status, considerations, and conditions of women in the Timurid court. The main question of the present study is: how was the social status of women of Tmurid dynasty? This study is a descriptive-analytical one and the data are collected from library sources Manuscript profile

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425 - A hybrid model of network data envelopment analysis and data mining to predict efficiency in the green supply chain of the poultry industry
Tahereh Torkashvand Fatemeh Saghafi Mohammad Hossein Darvish Motevali nazanin pilevari

10.22094/jdem.2023.705866

Analyzing and predicting efficiency in industries is very important in order to evaluate the performance of units and plan to improve their performance. Poultry industry, as one of the strategic and complex industries, has taken an important part of the food chain baske More

Analyzing and predicting efficiency in industries is very important in order to evaluate the performance of units and plan to improve their performance. Poultry industry, as one of the strategic and complex industries, has taken an important part of the food chain basket of the societies, and from this point of view, the analysis of its supply network is very important.In this research, using the network data coverage analysis model and data mining, research gaps in the field of measuring and predicting the efficiency of the green supply chain in the poultry industry have been covered. This research is descriptive and survey in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of the nature of implementation, which is done by developing mathematical models in the field of data coverage analysis.First, using the Delphi approach, the effective indicators were identified and screened based on the opinion of experts, and then a new mathematical model was presented based on the coverage analysis of network data. In the following, the efficiency of 9 chains was evaluated in five years using the alpha cut method based on the enveloping analysis method of fuzzy data. The results showed that the presented model is able to evaluate the efficiency of the green and multi-level supply chain of the poultry industry in consecutive years. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

426 - Supplier Selection Based on Optimistic and Pessimistic Perspectives
Hosen Azizi Alireza Amir Teymori Reza Farzipour Samen

Discretionary models for supplier efficiency evaluation assume that all criteria are controllable, i.e. they are controlled by the supplier and can change at the discretion of the management. These models do not consider supplier selection in circumstances where some fa More

Discretionary models for supplier efficiency evaluation assume that all criteria are controllable, i.e. they are controlled by the supplier and can change at the discretion of the management. These models do not consider supplier selection in circumstances where some factors are non-discretionary. In this paper, we present a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach for selection of the best suppliers in the presence of non-discretionary factors and imprecise data that considers both optimistic and pessimistic perspectives. The optimistic perspective evaluates suppliers using the optimistic efficiency and can be used for identifying optimistic efficient suppliers, whereas the pessimistic perspective evaluates suppliers using the pessimistic efficiency and can be used for identifying pessimistic inefficient suppliers. These distinct efficiencies are integrated in the form of geometric average efficiencies that provide an assessment of the overall performance of each supplier in multiple criteria compared to other rival suppliers in the same market and therefore can be used as a basis for comparison of suppliers. We show that geometric average efficiencies have more discriminative power than either of the two efficiencies. A numerical example shows the advantages, capabilities, and applications of the proposed DEA approach. Manuscript profile

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427 - Technology Selection in The Presence of Both Cardinal and Ordinal Data
Hoosen Azizi Reza Farzipoor Saen

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a data-oriented approach for evaluating the performance of a set of peer entities called Decision making units (DMUs) whose performance is characterized by multiple measures. The definition of a DMU is generic and flexible. In our case More

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a data-oriented approach for evaluating the performance of a set of peer entities called Decision making units (DMUs) whose performance is characterized by multiple measures. The definition of a DMU is generic and flexible. In our case, DMU refers to a technology. Selection of the best technology is an important phase for technology transfer. To selection the best technologies in the presence of both cardinal and ordinal data, this paper proposes an innovative approach, which is based on DEA. This paper proposes to use “DEA with efficient and inefficient frontiers” for selection of the best technology in the presence of both cardinal and ordinal data. In this approach, optimistic and pessimistic efficiencies of each technology are considered simultaneously. Compared with the traditional DEA, the DEA approach with efficient and inefficient frontiers can identify the best technology easily and accurately. A numerical example demonstrates the application of the proposed method. Manuscript profile

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428 - Combination of DEA and ANP-QUALIFLEX methods to determine the most Efficient Portfolio
Mozhgan pishdadian Alireza Alinezhad

The existence of an active and prosperous capital market is always recognized as one of the signs of international development in the countries. The most important issue faced by investors in these markets is the decision to choose the appropriate securities for investm More

The existence of an active and prosperous capital market is always recognized as one of the signs of international development in the countries. The most important issue faced by investors in these markets is the decision to choose the appropriate securities for investment and formation of optimal portfolio. The rating of companies accepted in stock exchange is a complete mirror of their status and is a measure of investment. This will increase the competitiveness, development and market efficiency. In this research, the top 20 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the third quarter of 2015 are ranked according to financial ratios. In previous studies, optimal portfolio has been determined using data envelopment analysis models and multi-criteria decision making techniques, but the present study combines these two techniques to evaluate and determine the most efficient portfolio. Accordingly, the performance scores of each model are obtained using one of the data envelopment analysis model and then, the weight of each index is obtained using the network analysis process through multi-criteria decision-making techniques. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

429 - Evaluating the Performance of the Sales Force on KPI with the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
Esmaeel Malekakhlagh Arman Poureisa Sayyed Ali Nabizadeh

An important of performance measurement specified for organizations and already it is playing an important role in many of them. The current priority of organizations is ensure more favorable evaluation indicators to evaluate the performance of individuals. In the meant More

An important of performance measurement specified for organizations and already it is playing an important role in many of them. The current priority of organizations is ensure more favorable evaluation indicators to evaluate the performance of individuals. In the meantime sales force performance is crucial indicators and pulse key in competitive market and evaluating of it on KPI is important. One of the models of performance evaluation is data envelopment analysis (DEA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the sales force with the DEA. The population of this study is Kale Company of Amol and sample of this is 20 number chosen by simple random sampling of the employees of sales department. Input oriented CCR model of DEA models was chosen and WINGO SB and Excell software were used. The results show that unit of 4, 7, 14, 17 & 18 are efficient for sale. Also by using the AP model most efficient personnel were identified.   Manuscript profile

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430 - Design an Entrepreneurship Development Model for Small and Medium Organizations in the Technical and Professional organization
Mohamad Mahdii Mozafar Majid Kavosi

The purpose of this study is to design an entrepreneurship development model for small and medium organizations in the Technical and Professional Organization using a three dimensional model; Breeding Characteristics, Stimulates Motivation and Entrepreneurship Skills an More

The purpose of this study is to design an entrepreneurship development model for small and medium organizations in the Technical and Professional Organization using a three dimensional model; Breeding Characteristics, Stimulates Motivation and Entrepreneurship Skills and Knowledge. The sample comprised 260 entrepreneurs at small and medium companies of Technical and Professional Organization of Mazandaran province. Instrumentation included a questionnaire with standard components and the reliability coefficient of 0.91. Data analysis comprised both descriptive and inferential statistics using Wilcoxon test under SPSS software. The results showed that technical and professional training in small and medium organizations influenced entrepreneurship development. Factor analysis was run and the results confirmed the seven factors and supported the whole model of development. Finally, after detailed analysis and interpretation of the results, practical suggestions and recommendations for upcoming research are presented. Manuscript profile

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431 - Fuzzy Streaming Data Classification Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Amineh Tohidi Mohammad Amin Adibi Alireza Alinezhad

In this research, a new fuzzy streaming data classification method is presented. Fuzzy data classification is one of the most challenging areas in data analysis due to high-volume and sophisticated computation engaged in data analysis techniques. However, in some other More

In this research, a new fuzzy streaming data classification method is presented. Fuzzy data classification is one of the most challenging areas in data analysis due to high-volume and sophisticated computation engaged in data analysis techniques. However, in some other areas such as mathematical programming, great achievements are obtained in modeling of systems measured by fuzzy data. So, in this research classification based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) is selected to handle fuzzy data classification. On the other hand, the proposed method can be applied for dealing with streaming data by using an updating schema. This feature makes the proposed method suitable for non-stationary environment in which data pattern varies over the time. Experiments using simulated data demonstrate the capability of the proposed method in dealing with uncertain and non-stationary environment. Manuscript profile

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432 - Presenting a Hybrid Model of Data Envelopment Analysis and Multi-Objective Decision Making to Achieve the Efficiency Score of Decision Making Units in Grey Environment
Alizera Alinezhad Hossen Kakavand Abolfazle Kazemi Ali Shakorloo

Data Envelopment Analysis Model is one of the methods for measuring efficiency which is used to evaluate homogeneous decision-making units. However, in making use of this technique, we need N times writing formula for n decision-making units in order to achieve the requ More

Data Envelopment Analysis Model is one of the methods for measuring efficiency which is used to evaluate homogeneous decision-making units. However, in making use of this technique, we need N times writing formula for n decision-making units in order to achieve the required efficiency. As a result, it is not possible to compare decision-making units in the framework of a common weight, and the model is of low discrimination power. In otherwise the classic DEA models deal with crisp parameters. Therefore, in the present study, we tried to present common weights for decision-making units by presenting a new model utilizing multi objective decision making and Grey Systems Theory to achieve efficiency of DMUs when the parameters of model are uncertain and only interval of them are defined. Finally, the evaluation results, examples are provided to compare the performance rating DMUs through classical DEA models and the proposed model is discussed. Manuscript profile

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433 - Development of congestion model in fuzzy data envelopment analysis
Alireza Alinezhad Behnam Mohamadbeigi

This paper studies the congestion model development in fuzzy data envelopment analysis. To obtain the lower and upper bounds for concepts of efficiency and inputs and outputs, it is possible to apply the advantages of α-cut which exists in fuzzy data envelopment a More

This paper studies the congestion model development in fuzzy data envelopment analysis. To obtain the lower and upper bounds for concepts of efficiency and inputs and outputs, it is possible to apply the advantages of α-cut which exists in fuzzy data envelopment analysis. Additionally, this paper proposes a new concept of congestion which examines congestion from an optimistic and pessimistic viewpoint. In this concept, the optimistic case examines congestion in a condition that the under-investigation decision making unit provides the optimum output by taking the lowest input. The pessimistic case, also, demonstrates a condition in which the under-investigation decision making unit provides the worst output by taking the optimum input. Using these two cases, the congestion is studied in fuzzy data envelopment analysis.Keywords: Data envelopment analysis, fuzzy data envelopment analysis, optimistic and pessimistic congestion, α-cut. Manuscript profile

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434 - Strategic Selection of Suppliers Using Corrected Factor Analysis Based on Data Envelopment Analysis
Siyavash Hekmat Maghsoud Amiri

Establishment of strategic alliances and formation of integrated supply chains is an obligation nowadays. This is mainly forced by the necessity of specialization of businesses as the result of market requirements and tendency of customers to customized products and ser More

Establishment of strategic alliances and formation of integrated supply chains is an obligation nowadays. This is mainly forced by the necessity of specialization of businesses as the result of market requirements and tendency of customers to customized products and services. Under present circumstances, a supplier selection approach which is compatible with the long-term objectives and strategies of the enterprise increases corporate efficiency and effectiveness; this leads to a more productive enterprise. This research focuses on the strategic selection of suppliers considering the interrelation of decision data. Here, an integrated structure is built in order to appropriate determination of enterprise strategies as well as their transformation into applicable criteria for supplier selection. This structure employs a combination of an adjusted factor analysis approach with multi-attribute decision making techniques within data envelopment analysis framework to evaluate decision alternatives; the alternatives which are not appropriate to be evaluated with traditional approaches of data envelopment analysis due to small number of them. Finally, the presented methodology is implemented in a corporation within Iranian foodstuff industry and its results are validated using a nonparametric statistical test in comparison with an extended model of data envelopment analysis. Manuscript profile

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435 - Presenting a Bi-objective Method in Location-allocation Problems Using Combinational Interval Full-ranking and Set Covering with Backup Model
Majede Kordjazi Abolfazl Kazemi

Covering models have found many applications in a wide variety of real world problems, nevertheless some assumptions of covering models are not realistic enough, that’s why a general approach wouldn’t be able to answer needs of encountering varied aspects of More

Covering models have found many applications in a wide variety of real world problems, nevertheless some assumptions of covering models are not realistic enough, that’s why a general approach wouldn’t be able to answer needs of encountering varied aspects of real world considerations. Assumptions like unavailability of servers in emergency circumstances, postponing the process of serving customers, inevitable uncertainty in real world and evaluating more factors at the same time, are a sort of assumptions which covering models always face them but they are not able to find any answer to them. Therefore, how to deal with these sorts of assumptions has been reminded a big question. In this research, for facing unavailability, we address Backup covering and for facing uncertainty in input data, we propose Interval Full-ranking model. Furthermore, by combining backup covering and interval full-ranking models (also conceptions), not only we can save time and evaluate more factors like efficiency and cost simultaneously, but also covering considerations in real aspects are reachable. In final, we have solved the proposed model by using precise methods and Genetic revolutionary algorithm in small and large scales, respectively in order to analyze evaluate and compare the results. Results demonstrate appropriate performance of the proposed model despite simultaneous consideration of the mentioned assumptions and none of the assumptions are mutually exclusive. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

436 - Performance Evaluation Using Data Envelopment Analysis in Educational Departments
Nima Hashemi Hashemi Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Seyed Esmaeil Najafi

In recent years, mathematical and operation research models are commonly used to assess efficiency and productivity of educational departments of universities and ranking them. Some sets of educational, research, and service activities are then considered as input and o More

In recent years, mathematical and operation research models are commonly used to assess efficiency and productivity of educational departments of universities and ranking them. Some sets of educational, research, and service activities are then considered as input and output indices of the models. Then, according to the importance and influence of indices on total performance of Decision-making Units (DMU), the efficiency score is defined as the weighted sum of outputs-weighted sum of inputs ratio. In this article, we obtained the efficiency score of 11 educational departments in two cases constant return to scale and variable return to scale using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results showed that 6 DMUs are efficient and 5 DMUs are inefficient. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

437 - Evaluate the performance of the organization using two integrated approaches the DEA-BSC and ANN-DEA
Reza Ehtesham Rasi Eisa Naji

Considering the importance of efficiency in advancing communities and the place that today's organizations have embraced, the use of performance evaluation has become an inevitable necessity. Therefore, we are trying to investigate the effectiveness of organizations by More

Considering the importance of efficiency in advancing communities and the place that today's organizations have embraced, the use of performance evaluation has become an inevitable necessity. Therefore, we are trying to investigate the effectiveness of organizations by combining the two DEA-BSC systems and neural networks in this study. In this regard, first, the performance indicators were determined by using the Balanced Scorecard technique in four dimensions of customer, internal processes, learning and growth and financial, then using the data envelopment analysis method and non-radial SBM model and GAMS software, the organization's efficiency we calculated. In the next step, with the help of the indicators derived from the DEA-BSC method and using the combination of two systems of data envelopment analysis and neural network and using the MATLAB software, the efficiency was re-calculated. In the last step, we compared the two methods of DEA-BSC and ANN-DEA. The results of the comparison of the two methods indicated the compatibility of the two models in discussing the efficiency and superiority of the ANN-DEA method in terms of the short response time and the determination of the efficiency and the possibility of using Its trained algorithm to measure the performance of organizational units in the future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

438 - Proposing a New model to Predict Performance of Decision Making Units Based on Fuzzy stochastic Data Envelopment Analysis
Ali Yaghoubi Elham qobadi

One of the most important tools for calculating the performance of the decision making units (DMUs) is the quantitative and powerful Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique which uses the past inputs and outputs of DMUs. Inability to estimate performance, using of def More

One of the most important tools for calculating the performance of the decision making units (DMUs) is the quantitative and powerful Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique which uses the past inputs and outputs of DMUs. Inability to estimate performance, using of definite inputs and outputs and inappropriate distribution of weights to inputs and outputs are the weaknesses of DEA. While in the real world, the DMUs are faced with more random parameters. So, this paper presents a new model to predict efficiency of DMUs based on stochastic data envelopment analysis in fuzzy environment, in which by integrating the random effects of environmental factors on inputs and outputs to resolve the problems. Finally, this paper presents a real application of the proposed model in banking industry for predicting the efficiency of branches. The results will be compared with the real efficiencies of branches. The high correlation between predicted and actual results indicates the accuracy of the proposed model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

439 - The effectiveness of acceptance/commitment therapy on adjustment and quality of life of disabled persons in welfare organization.
Mozhdeh Saeidi Javad Khalatbari

The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of act on adjustment and quality of life of disabled persons in welfare organization . The statistic population of this research consist of all disabled persons in Tonakaboon welfare organization and the sample con More

The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of act on adjustment and quality of life of disabled persons in welfare organization . The statistic population of this research consist of all disabled persons in Tonakaboon welfare organization and the sample consist of 30 disabled persons who selected in random sample.and randomly assigned to experimental and control group . The experimental group have acceptance and commitment therapy and the control group had no therapy. For collecting data we usedbell adjustment questioner(1969)and world health organization quality of life which was translated and validated by the Nejat and colleages (1385). For data analysis the method of Maltiraviareo analysis of covariance(Mancova).The result showed the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in improving adjustment and quality of life of disabled persons in welfare organization.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

440 - Reasons and explanations of Mashhadian girls and women of their choice and form of coverage
Gholamreza sadig Mostafa ganizadh

10.30495/jwsf.2020.573221.1292

Women’s coverage as a social choice has a historical significance in Iranian society  This case has been discussed in recent years. The purpose of the present study has been to find out  the Mashhadi women and girls’  reasons in their selectio More

Women’s coverage as a social choice has a historical significance in Iranian society  This case has been discussed in recent years. The purpose of the present study has been to find out  the Mashhadi women and girls’  reasons in their selection of their coverage.  achieve this goal, the methodology of grounded theory has been used. In this study , 29 Mashhadian women were interviewed. The results are presented in the form of three impressions titled: The spectrum of Women's Coverage, Women's Subjective Principles on Coverage, and Discrepancy in the Meaning of Coverage. This article explains the most influential cases in women 's personal choices such as Personal favorites, Spouse's comments, Media Influence, Autonomous fashion, Recreational requirements, being attractive  for men, etc.  and also social factors and women's mentality about their coverage and others, and it has been shown that there is no fixed norm or no common overlapping mentality. This can lead to  many social issues. It was also found that women had two types of mental principles about their coverage. Bringing some nakedness to the ground and concealing reasons or causes for being worn. And some other bringing worn to the ground and concealing reasons or causes for reducing their coverage.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

441 - Effect of Cover Crop Residues on Some Physicochemical Properties of Soil and Emergence Rate of Potato
M. Ghaffari G. Ahmadvand M.R. Ardakani M.R. Mosaddeghi F. Yeganehehpoor M. Gaffari M. Mirakhori

The aim of this study, was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crop residues on speed of seed  potato emergence and percentage of organic carbon, soil specific weight and soil temperature. An experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of Agriculture Faculty More

The aim of this study, was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crop residues on speed of seed  potato emergence and percentage of organic carbon, soil specific weight and soil temperature. An experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of Agriculture Faculty, Bu-AliSinaUniversity, in 2008-2009. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Winter cover crops consisted of rye, barley and oilseed rape, each one with common plant density (rye and barley at 190 kg.ha-1 and oilseed rape at 9 kg.ha-1) and triple plant densities(rye and barley 570 kg.ha-1 and oilseed rape, 27 kg.ha-1) and control (without cover crop). The results showed that rye and barley with triple plant densities produced higher biomass (1503.5 and 1392.2 g/m2, respectively) than other treatments.Soil physicochemical properties were affected significantly by using cover crops. Rye, barley, and oilseed rape with triple rate and rye with common rape of plant densities produced, the highest organic carbon. Green manure of rye and barley with triple and rye with common rate plant densities, reduced soil specific weights by 17.3, 18 and 18 percent as compared with the control treatment (without cover crop planting). Rye and barley with triple plant densities increased average soil temperature by 12 and 11 percent respectively in comparison with control treatment. These treatments increased speed of seed potato emergence by 20 and 12 percent respectively as compared with that of control treatment, respectively. Other treatments showed no significant difference as compared to control. Cover crop residues increased plants speed of seed potato emergence through improving soil conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

442 - Effect of Cover Crops and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Total Production of Forage Corn and Dry Weight of Weeds
رسول Fakhari A. Tobeh H. Khanzadeh A. Gholipouri M.T. Alebrahimi

To evaluate the effect of cover crops, split application of nitrogen and control weeds on forage corn and weed biomass a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications and three factors was conducted at the Agricultural Research S More

To evaluate the effect of cover crops, split application of nitrogen and control weeds on forage corn and weed biomass a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications and three factors was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Ardabil (Iran) during 2012 crop year. The first factor was cover crops (consisting of winter rye, hairy vetch, berseem clover, with and without weeding) as controls. The second factor was two levels of split application of 225 kg.ha-1 urea at two growth stages forage corn: the first level (N1= 1/2 at planting and 1/2 at 8-10 leaf stage), second level (N2= 1/3 at planting, 1/3 at 8-10 leaf and 1/3 one week before tasselling stage). The third factor consisted of two levels of weed control: weeding at 8 leaves and weeding one week before tasselling. Results showed that winter rye, hairy vetch and berseem clover cover crops decreased total weed dry weights up to 87, 82 and 65 % respectively as compared to control (without weeding). Cover crops and nitrogen application time had a significant effect on yield of fresh forage corn and cover crops. Based on the advantages of effective weed control and higher forage production of hairy vetch it can be recommended as proper cover crop. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

443 - Effect of Seed Priming on some Morphophysiological Characteristics, Yield and Seed Protein Content in Three Dryland Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars
Kianoush Safari Yousef Sohrabi Adel Siosemardeh Shahryar Sasani

10.30495/jcep.2021.687067

To investigate the effect of seed priming treatments on seed yield and it’s components in three bread wheat cultivars (Rijaw, Sardari and Karim) was studied under dryland condition at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Kermansh More

To investigate the effect of seed priming treatments on seed yield and it’s components in three bread wheat cultivars (Rijaw, Sardari and Karim) was studied under dryland condition at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Kermanshah during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 growing season. The priming treatments consisted of gibberellic acid with 100 mg.L-1, 24-epiprasinolide 1 mg L-1, potassium chloride with 100 mmol L-1 and polyethylene glycol (PEG4000) with -2.3 and -2.9 bar, zinc sulfate 0.1 and 0.3%, 2 and 4 g urea L-1, ascorbic acid 100 mg L-1, hydropriming with distilled water and control (without seed priming). The highest percentage of crop ground cover was obtained with 39.9% of Sardari cultivar and 4 g urea L-1. The highest relative mean water content and flag leaf membrane stability index with 88.1 and 71.6% were related to Karim cultivar with 0.3% hydrated zinc sulfate treatment, respectively. The lowest mean rate of flag leaf water loss (30.6%) was obtained from Karim cultivar with zinc sulfate treatment of 0.3%. Two-year results showed that the highest mean seed yield (2801.4 kg.ha-1) belonged to Rijaw cultivar by seed priming treatment with 4 g.L-1 urea. The highest percentages of seed protein content by NIR method of Karim cultivar and treatments of urea with a concentration of 4 g.L-1 (12.32%), ascorbic acid (12.31%) and gibberellic acid (12.18%) with 100 mg.L-1 were obtained. In this study, based on the total measured traits of morphophysiological, yield and grain quality traits, nutient treatments of urea with a concentration of 4 g L-1, zinc sulfate with a concentration of 0.3% and ascorbic acid with a concentration of 100 mg.L-1 and potassium chloride 100 mmol L-1 were identified and recommended as appropriate and superior seed priming treatments. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

444 - Assessment of Changes in Weed Dry Weight and some Characteristics of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) under Different Sources of Fertilizer and Intercropping
Saeid Heydarzadeh Jalal Jalilian

To study the effect of different organic and chemical fertilizers on weed biomass and some characteristics of safflower, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was done at the Urmia University Reaearch Farm in 2013. Trea More

To study the effect of different organic and chemical fertilizers on weed biomass and some characteristics of safflower, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was done at the Urmia University Reaearch Farm in 2013. Treatments consisted of growing of cover crops (red clover, grass pea, hairy, bitter vetch) along with the safflower rows and two weed control treatments (with and without weed) as a first factor and application of organic manure (cattle manure+biofertilizer) and the different nitrogen and phosphuros fertilizer levels (100 % of recommended chemical fertilizer, 67 and 63 % of recommended N and P, 50 and 40 % of recommended N and P) as second factor. Results showed that the biomass yield of broad and narrow leaf weeds affected by the combined treatments of cover crops and use of fertilizers. The biomass yield of broad and narrow leaf weeds were redused by 74.78, 82.22% under vetch cover crop when 50 and 40% of recommended N and P fertilizers were used, in comparison with sole culture of safflower and use of 100% of recommended chemical fertilizers. The maximum of seed yield (3431 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (8239 kg.ha-1) of safflower obtained from using 100% of recommended chemical fertilizers and without growing cover crops. Results, as a whole, showed that at higher levels of chemical fertilizers the competitive effects of weeds on safflower were higher than lower levels of fertilizers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

445 - The Effect of Cover Crops on Weeds Control and Essential Oil Yield of Mint (Mentha piperita L.)
Ghorban didehbaz moghanlo Ahmad Tobeh Rasoul Fakhari Hassan Khanzadeh Seiedeh Azam saadat

Planting of narrow leaf cover crops may have an important effect in reducing the use of herbicide. Cover crops, therefore, are an effective tools in the non-chemical weed management in sustainable agriculture. To evaluate the effect of cover crops on weeds control and e More

Planting of narrow leaf cover crops may have an important effect in reducing the use of herbicide. Cover crops, therefore, are an effective tools in the non-chemical weed management in sustainable agriculture. To evaluate the effect of cover crops on weeds control and essential oil yield of mint, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blok design with three replications was conducted at the Research Field Mohagheghe Ardabili University, Iran, in 2015. First factor consisted of: spring wheat, spring barley, winter rye, winter wheat, winter barley, mixed winter rye + winter barley and second factor consisted of: cutting mulch near ground, heading living mulch 20-30 cm. from ground and killing ground cover by herbicide. Also, two controls were: without cover crop and weeding without cover crop and without weeding, inside conducted experiments. The results showed that the main effect of cover crops management had significant effect on peppermint content and dry weight and density of weeds. Comparison of interaction effects showed that highest leaf oil yield in heading living mulch of winter wheat, undercutting spring barley and winter rye was (52g/h). On the average in three stages of sampling the percent biomass control of redroot pigweed andfield bindweed in undercutting mulch, heading living mulch, killing cover crops with herbicide were 38% and 66% and their density control were 44% and 70%, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

446 - The cultural and symbolic social model Impact on the ethnic identity of football spectators
zoya Tabari Akbar Talebpour Tayebeh Zargar

10.30495/jss.2023.1969201.1504

The deep link between modern sport and ethnic identity; On the one hand, has created a suitable platform for the development, legitimacy and influence of ethnic culture, and on the other hand, has helped to expand and influence modern sports. Among modern sports, footba More

The deep link between modern sport and ethnic identity; On the one hand, has created a suitable platform for the development, legitimacy and influence of ethnic culture, and on the other hand, has helped to expand and influence modern sports. Among modern sports, football have great importance in providing entertainment, job creation, income and identity strengthening. Considering this issue, the present study uses the thematic analysis technique to represent the dimensions of ethnic identity among football spectators and in It has sought to find a suitable answer for how the components of ethnic identity are expressed among football spectators. The study population was spectator teams; Tabriz Tractor, Khuzestan Steel and Mazandaran Textile had the experience of watching their team play at least once. Sampling was done using purposive method. For this purpose, 27 people were selected and sampling adequacy through theoretical saturation Was obtained. Research findings showed; Spectators watch their ethnic identity through two components while watching the game; Express ethnic belonging through mental mediation and ethnic belonging through objective mediation. The dimensions of the component of ethnic belonging through mental mediation include; Culture, history, racism, religion, and attributes were symbolic, and the dimensions of the component of ethnic affiliation through objective mediation included; Land, music, diet, myths and legends, population rates, symbolic coverage, language and race. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

447 - رابطه بین درک خواندن زبان اموزان ایرانی، میزان دانش واژگانی و پوشش واژگانی متن: موردی از ژانرهای روایی و استدلالی
نادر اسدی آیدین لو میترا تقی نژاد

این مطالعه به بررسی رابطه بین درک خواندن زبان اموزان ایرانی، میزان دانش واژگانی و پوشش واژگانی متن در ژانرهای روایی و استدلالی می پردازد. بدین منظور 120 دانشجوی  مرد و زن بر اساس ازمون نلسون از میان دانشجویان دانشگاه ازادواحد تالش انتخاب شدند. تست نلسون به مظور همگ More

این مطالعه به بررسی رابطه بین درک خواندن زبان اموزان ایرانی، میزان دانش واژگانی و پوشش واژگانی متن در ژانرهای روایی و استدلالی می پردازد. بدین منظور 120 دانشجوی  مرد و زن بر اساس ازمون نلسون از میان دانشجویان دانشگاه ازادواحد تالش انتخاب شدند. تست نلسون به مظور همگن سازی دانشجویان در مهارت خواندن گرفته شد. سپس محقق دانشجویان را با دو ازمون درک مطلب با ژانرهای استدلالی و روایی از لحاظ دانش واژگانی و پوشش واژگانی درهر متن مورد ارزیابی قرار داد. دانش وازگانی دانشجویان بوسیله لولز تست و پوشش واژگانی متن از طریق جدیدترین نوع پروفایل واژگان مورد اندزه گیری قرار گرفت. به منظور دستیابی به میزان رابطه بین متغیرها رابطه پیرسون مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج به دست امده از تحلیل ها نشانگر رابطه چشمگیری میان درک مطلب در ژانرهای مختلف , دانش واژگانی و پوشش وازگانی متن بود. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

448 - The Effect of Conveniences on the Provisions of Hijab and Muslim Women's Veil
Mehraneh Darzi Mohammad Jafari Harandi Mohammad Sadiq Mousavi

10.22034/ijrj.2019.665202

Hijab is accepted among the Islamic jurists and scholars as a basic principle so that disbelieving in it is transcribed as a sign of heresy (exiting from Islam); despite this, a group of scholars and jurists don’t look at Hijab in this same way, also today this is More

Hijab is accepted among the Islamic jurists and scholars as a basic principle so that disbelieving in it is transcribed as a sign of heresy (exiting from Islam); despite this, a group of scholars and jurists don’t look at Hijab in this same way, also today this issue, in addition to the increasing presence of women in society, has caused deep divisions between the Islamic jurists and scholars. Therefore, the present article discusses the quality and quantity of Hijab in modern time by conducting a survey on the Hijab at the time of the descent of the Hijab verse and comparing the Hijab in modern times with the traditional hijab at the time of the prophet (PBUH). Accordingly, in this paper, the author tries to review the hijab in a new way by studying the effect of conveniences on it and effect of this type of research on solving the present situation conflicts with the Hijab provisions, using examples of verses and hadiths to prove this theory. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

449 - Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate-based edible coating containing wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.) extract on the shelf-life of lactic cheese
S.M. Mousavi L. , Najafian M. Farsi

10.30495/jfh.2020.671488

Nowadays, coating by natural materials is one of the novel food preservation methods with extensive applications. Cheese is a popular food, however, its high daily intake due to its high salt content may threaten the health of consumers. In this study, instead of stored More

Nowadays, coating by natural materials is one of the novel food preservation methods with extensive applications. Cheese is a popular food, however, its high daily intake due to its high salt content may threaten the health of consumers. In this study, instead of stored in brine, the novel method for cheese coating was used with the combination of 2% sodium alginate and 3% carboxymethyl cellulose with wild garlic extract at three concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5%. Two uncoated cheese specimens (stored in or out of brine) were considered as the control groups. Physicochemical (pH, acidity and weight loss), microbial (thermophile, psychrophile, mold and yeast count), and sensory properties of the samples were investigated for 21 days at 4 °C. The results showed that during storage, pH decreased significantly (p < 0.05) while acidity, weight loss and microbial load increased. Coating with various ratios affected all of the sensory properties of the cheese samples. So that the highest score of total acceptance was related to the coating with 1.5% wild garlic extract. According to the results, edible coating based on sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose, containing the wild garlic extract, can be used to increase the shelf life of cheese. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

450 - Effect of edible carrageenan- Mentha longifolia essential oil coating on microbial, chemical and sensory characteristics of fresh chicken fillet during refrigeration storage
S. Kiani Ghalesard A. Fazlara M. Ghaderi-Ghahfarokhi M. Pourmahdi

10.30495/jfh.2020.1912353.1289

The coating is one of the methods to extend the chicken fillet shelf life. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of carrageenan edible coating (1%) containing (Mentha longifolia) essential oil (1.5%) on the quality of chicken fillet during refrigerated More

The coating is one of the methods to extend the chicken fillet shelf life. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of carrageenan edible coating (1%) containing (Mentha longifolia) essential oil (1.5%) on the quality of chicken fillet during refrigerated storage. Samples were separated into three groups: uncoated (control), coated with carrageenan and coated with carrageenan contained essential oil (Mentha longifolia) were stored at refrigerator temperature for 21 days and were evaluated for microbial (psychrotrophic and mesophilic) counts, chemical properties [pH, total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA)] and sensory characteristics (appearance, muscles elasticity, odor, and color). The results of the bacterial analysis showed that coating with carrageenan and carrageenan- essential oil coatings had significant effects on delaying the increasing trend of psychrophilic and mesophilic bacterial counts as compared to control. Chemically, carrageenan-essential oil treatment showed lower TBA, TVN, and pH values than the other two groups during storage (P< 0.01). Moreover, the carrageenan and carrageenan contained essential oil treatments maintained sensorial factors at acceptable levels for 3 and 9 days respectively. Based on the results of the present study, carrageenan coating did not have the ability to extend the shelf life of chicken fillets but, the carrageenan-essential oil coating could extend the shelf life of chicken fillets for 9 days. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

451 - The effect of biocomposite coating based on Opopanax mucilage and gelatin containing zinc oxide nanoparticles enriched by peppermint (Mentha piperita L) essential oil on the microbial and sensory properties characteristics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Mohammad Javad Rashidi leila Roozbeh nasiraie Shahin Zomorodi Sara Jafarian

10.30495/jfh.2023.1972363.1381

Considering the possible adverse effects on the sensory properties of food due to the use of essential oils in effective concentrations for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, the use of combined methods can be effective. In this study, the effect of coating combina More

Considering the possible adverse effects on the sensory properties of food due to the use of essential oils in effective concentrations for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, the use of combined methods can be effective. In this study, the effect of coating combination of gelatin and Opopanax mucilage containing 0.5% zinc oxide nanoparticles, enriched by concentrations of 0, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 % of peppermint essential oil and modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) on preventing the growth of microbial population rainbow trout fillets were evaluated during 20 days of storage in the refrigerator. The results showed that in all treatments the number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophs, lactic acid bacteria, and coliforms as well as pH increased during the storage period but decreased by increasing peppermint essential oil (p<0.05). Also, the microbial load in treatments with a coating containing nanoparticles and MAP was significantly lower than in the control sample (p<0.05). The results of sensory evaluation also showed that the odor and color scores of the samples decreased during storage, which was the highest in the control and the lowest in the NPEO3 treatment (p<0.05). The results of the sensory evaluation were consistent with the results of microbial analysis. According to the results obtained in this study, using the mixture of 0.5 % zinc oxide nanoparticles and 50% peppermint essential oil in edible coating composed of Opopanax mucilage and gelatin for increasing the shelf life of rainbow trout fillet up to the 15th day is recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

452 - Effects of black seed oil and rosemary extract coating on egg shelf life at refrigerator temperature
Ali Khodadadi Baighout Afshin Javadi Sodeif Azadmard Hamid Mirzaei Younes Anzabi

10.30495/jfh.2023.1973949.1384

Eggs are highly perishable due to high moisture content and nutrients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coating with black seed oil and rosemary extract on egg physical, chemical, functional and microbial characteristics. For this purpose, 300 eggs consiste More

Eggs are highly perishable due to high moisture content and nutrients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coating with black seed oil and rosemary extract on egg physical, chemical, functional and microbial characteristics. For this purpose, 300 eggs consisted of control group, eggs coated with black seed oil, and samples coated with black seed oil and 1, 2, and 3% rosemary extract were prepared. Throughout the six weeks of storage at 4 °C, thickness, weight loss, Haugh unit, yolk index, pH, amount of egg white foam production and microbial features were investigated. The weight loss in the control group was 6.64 and 4.80 g in the control group and the treatment with 3% rosemary extract, respectively. In the control group, Haugh unit was decreased from about 75 on the first day to 31.38 after six weeks storage. Haugh unit in the egg group coated with 3% rosemary extract was 41.76. The microbial load of shell after six weeks of storage in the control sample was 4.59 log CFU/g, and in the samples coated with black seed oil alone and in the presence of 1%, 2% and 3% rosemary extract were 4.32 and 3.99, 3.27, 2.30 log CFU/g, respectively. Due to the bactericidal effect of coating components, egg-shell microbial load was decreased. The coating was able to increase the shelf life up to six weeks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

453 - Investigating and optimizing the effect of combined coating of whey protein concentrate, maltodextrin and rosemary essence on the chemical properties of tilapia fish during cold storage
Sahar Mirbagheri Azadeh Salimi Ashkan jebelli javan Sara mehdizadeh mood

10.30495/jfh.2023.1963645.1365

polyunsaturated fatty acids, and pH. One of the methods which can control the spoilage rate is the use of natural coatings. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coating Tilapia fish fillets with whey protein concentrate (10, 15, and 20% w/w), maltodextrin (15, More

polyunsaturated fatty acids, and pH. One of the methods which can control the spoilage rate is the use of natural coatings. This study aimed to investigate the effect of coating Tilapia fish fillets with whey protein concentrate (10, 15, and 20% w/w), maltodextrin (15, 20, and 25% w/w), and rosemary essential oil (1, 3 and 5% v/w). The optimization of the process was conducted by response surface methodology and Design Expert software. For this purpose, 18 models were presented by the software, and the samples were immersed in the produced solutions and were kept at 4 °C for 6 days. After this period, peroxide value (PV), Thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVBN), and pH were measured. The results showed that by increasing the concentration of biopolymers and essential oil, all the investigated parameters were in lower limits, and in the sample coated with the maximum concentration of substances, the values of PV, TBARS acid, TVBN, and pH (in 100 grams), were 1.05 meq, 0.05 mg, 5.7 mg and 6.2, respectively, while these values for the coated sample with minimum concentrations, were 3.44 meq, 0.305 mg, 10.85 mg and 6.79 respectively. By optimizing the production process by software, the best solution was achieved by mixing 11.214% w/w of whey protein concentrate, 25% w/w of maltodextrin, and 3.402% v/w of rosemary essential oil. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

454 - Effect of whey protein-based edible coatings and Natamycin on the quality and shelf life of Iranian white cheese
omid ramezani Abbas Jalilzadeh Javad Hesari

Cheese is a good source of protein, vitamins and minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus. Changes in the physical, chemical and microbial properties can affect the shelf life of the product. Therefore, increasing the shelf life of this dairy products is very importa More

Cheese is a good source of protein, vitamins and minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus. Changes in the physical, chemical and microbial properties can affect the shelf life of the product. Therefore, increasing the shelf life of this dairy products is very important. The effect of whey protein concentrate-based edible coatings containing Natamycin (at 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 percent concentrations) on the shelf life of Iranian white cheese were studied during 60 days. The results showed that the optimized coatings containing 0.03% Natamycin can prevent the growth of Penicillium chrysogenum up to 60 days, while different treatments of coatings had not significant effect on organoleptic properties fat, pH, and acidity of the cheese samples. However it resulted in a loss of 11% of the moisture content. It was concluded that whey protein concentrate-based coatings containing Natamycin can extend the shelf life of Iranian white cheese. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

455 - Macroscopic evaluation of the effect of platelet rich fibrin on second intention cutaneous wound healing in the dog
Nosratollah Changizi داوود kazemi

Platelet rich fibrin is a platelet concentrate which could influence wound healing due to the release of growth factors. The purpose of this study was macroscopic evaluation of the effect of topical platelet rich fibrin on second intention cutaneous wound healing. For t More

Platelet rich fibrin is a platelet concentrate which could influence wound healing due to the release of growth factors. The purpose of this study was macroscopic evaluation of the effect of topical platelet rich fibrin on second intention cutaneous wound healing. For this purpose, 14 adult male dogs were used. Four full thickness 2.5 × 2.5 cm wounds were created on the back of each animal either side of the vertebral column. The left and right side wounds were used as treatment and control respectively. Postoperatively, the percentage of wound contraction, epithelialization and wound healing were calculated on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 and the means were compared between the two groups using the independent sample t-test at 95% significance level. The results indicated that on day 28, percentage of wound contraction was insignificantly lower in the treatment group (44.03±6.15 vs. 49.26±10.09) while epithelialization was insignificantly higher (85.90±10.32 vs. 66.24±13.45) in comparison to the control group. Also the percentage of wound healing was significantly (p=0.03) higher in the treatment group compared with the control group (92.55±5.14 vs. 83.85±3.69). Overall, the results indicated that platelet rich fibrin improves macroscopic aspects of second intention cutaneous wound healing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

456 - Evaluating educational inequalities in attaining educational opportunities: A case study of Dehloran`s elementary schools in the academic year 2011-2012
Javad ShirKarami Saeed Bakhtiarpour

In this study, the issue of educational inequalities is investigated in different educational areas through a case study at Dehloran`s elementary schools. The present study is a documentary study; the demographic data required for this study has been acquired by statist More

In this study, the issue of educational inequalities is investigated in different educational areas through a case study at Dehloran`s elementary schools. The present study is a documentary study; the demographic data required for this study has been acquired by statistical data from the recent census of population and Housing as well as information regarding education (students, teachers and educational buildings) using the statistics provided by Dehloran education office. Then, the statistics were classified and adjusted in the researcher made information. To compare and rank the amount to which different areas and regions (rural or urban) benefit from elementary education, indicators and formulas for educational planning such as the index of region selection, Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, and benefit levels chart were used. Moreover, in order to determine the educational inequalities, the data was analyzed using enrollment fees and the actual educational coverage, the ratio of students to teachers, utilization coefficient of educational spaces, and rates of the educational efficiency. The results of this study indicate that there is not a proper balance among different regions and areas (weather urban or rural) of Dehloran in terms of benefited educational opportunities. In terms of enrollment fees and educational coverage as well as access to elementary school teachers, urban areas as compared with rural areas and boys as compared with girls are at a higher level. Urban areas have more access to educational spaces compared to rural areas. As for the rates of educational efficiency, girls and urban areas are superior to boys and rural areas, respectively.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

457 - Evaluating Emotional Quota: A DEA-Based Approach (Case Study: Yadegar Emam, Shahr-e Rey Islamic Azad University)
Fatemeh Moradi Mahnaz Maghbouli

For many years, it was believed that Intelligence Quota (IQ) was the benchmark showing how successful one is. However, recent researches have revealed that IQ is not the only factor in one's success but also, other criteria called as Emotional Quota (EQ) has taken its p More

For many years, it was believed that Intelligence Quota (IQ) was the benchmark showing how successful one is. However, recent researches have revealed that IQ is not the only factor in one's success but also, other criteria called as Emotional Quota (EQ) has taken its place in many researches. Since the inception of this structure, psychologists mainly paid attention on its cognitive aspects, such as memory and problem solving. Soon, they realized that non-cognitive aspects like emotional and social factors played a key role as well. To study the importance of this issue, a random sample of 81 Electronic and Mechanic engineering graduates from Islamic Azad University, Yadegar Emam Branch, were selected. They were handed out a questioner on EQ derived from Travis-Bradberry book. The collected data evaluated applying Data Enveloping Analysis (DEA) models. In order to rank and distinguish the students’ performance, super efficiency models were employed.  The results show that the Electronic graduates scored some higher rank. Top of all, the study conflicts the selected four factors in evaluating EQ and reveals that the relationship- management factor has the most effect and self-management factor can take the least influence in this evaluation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

458 - Productivity Evaluation and Measurement in Iranian Petroleum Industry Health Organization
Meysam Azimian Mehdi Karbassian Hamed Rahimpour Shahrzad Falahi

In health care provider organizations (HCPOs), there are several sub-units, simultaneously providing health and preventive services to the population covered, in which measuring productivity is one of the most important challenges for the managers of these organizations More

In health care provider organizations (HCPOs), there are several sub-units, simultaneously providing health and preventive services to the population covered, in which measuring productivity is one of the most important challenges for the managers of these organizations. Hence, the purpose of this study is to provide an integrative approach of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to monitor the productivity in Iranian Petroleum Industry Health Organization (PIHO) as an HCPO. In this study, using the indicators related to efficiency and defining the specialized indicators affecting the performance of the sub-units of this organization, the growth rate of the performance of the sub-units was determined through calculating four distance functions and Malmquist productivity Index. According to the results of this study, 27 specialized indicators in the fields of direct and indirect health and preventive services for monitoring the effectiveness of proposed HCPO have been presented. Also, the growth rate of productivity of the fifteen areas of the organization under study has been evaluated from 2019 to 2021. The innovative aspect of this article lies in the definition of effectiveness measurement indicators and presentation of a theoretical framework for monitoring the rate of productivity in HCPOs. The findings of this applied research in health service organizations can be used to enhance capacity in different areas of health care and save resources. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

459 - Development of open and non-homogenous network data envelopment analysis model
Vahid Ettehadi Hasan Hoseininasab Mohammad Bagher Fakhrzad Hasan Khademizare

10.30495/qjopm.2021.1925553.3106

In this paper, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was discussed for non-homogenous mixed network structure where the outputs of each stage can enter the next stage in the same or another layer as inputs or come out from the system as final products. In this model, in addit More

In this paper, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was discussed for non-homogenous mixed network structure where the outputs of each stage can enter the next stage in the same or another layer as inputs or come out from the system as final products. In this model, in addition to intermediate inputs, each stage can also have independent inputs. For this purpose, a mathematical model has been developed in which the independent inputs and final outputs for the components of the decision making units (DMUs) are examined. To show the efficiency of the model, real data for 20 DMUs were used and the results were compared with those of traditional models. The results obtained from the proposed method eliminate the shortcomings of traditional methods for proper detection of units that are on the efficient border (with an efficiency of one). The developed method can provide the managers and decision makers with a more accurate understanding of the performance of components of DMUs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

460 - Developing a Comprehensive Performance Evaluation Model while Enhancing the Resolution of Decision-Making Units in Data Overlay Analysis through a Fuzzy Inference System
Navid Sharifi Maghsood Amiri Laya Olfat Amir Yousefli

10.30495/qjopm.2022.1941011.3232

The utilization of data envelopment analysis models for assessing and ranking organizational performance is on the rise. One of the important challenges of this model is the diminishing of the decision-making unit’s precision when dealing with a multitude of input More

The utilization of data envelopment analysis models for assessing and ranking organizational performance is on the rise. One of the important challenges of this model is the diminishing of the decision-making unit’s precision when dealing with a multitude of inputs and outputs. Hence, the aim of the present research was to develop a comprehensive performance evaluation model while enhancing the resolution of decision-making units. To this end, a balanced scorecard was used to identify comprehensive indicators. At the same time, for the first time, two objective and subjective approaches based on factor analysis and fuzzy inference system were used simultaneously to reduce indicators and improve the resolution of decision-making units. This study used an explanatory-descriptive method and was conducted as an applied-developmental research. The statistical population for identifying performance evaluation indicators and developing fuzzy inference rules included the experts of higher education institutions of Semnan city. Moreover, twenty-four higher education institutions of Semnan city were selected for model testing. The researcher made two questionnaires for the data collection. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by content and construct validity, respectively. Also, the reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha value and composite reliability of more than 0.7 respectively. The main accomplishment of the research can be designing a unified model with objective and subjective approaches to improve the resolution of decision units. In this regard, 26 indicators were identified and reduced to 8 structures by factor analysis. Also, the structures were scored by relying on the designed fuzzy inference system. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the resolution of decision-making units when utilizing the proposed model, in contrast to conventional models which are mostly based on objective and subjective methods. As a result, the number of effective units in the proposed model effectively reduced to 10. Additionally, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test and the calculation of the standard deviation of the efficiency scores revealed that the proposed model with an average rating of 48.29 and a dispersion of 0.221 has a lower efficiency rating and a greater dispersion as compered to other models. This finding serves as a confirmation of the enhanced resolution achieved by the proposed model Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

461 - An Analytical Study the Effect of Globalization on Labor Market
Sahand Daneshvar Somayyeh Layazali

Among the four economy markets, the labor market plays a pivotal role in establishing relations between supply and demand as well as in balancing the mass economic variables like employment. The socio-economic consequences of the balance in labor market are of great imp More

Among the four economy markets, the labor market plays a pivotal role in establishing relations between supply and demand as well as in balancing the mass economic variables like employment. The socio-economic consequences of the balance in labor market are of great importance for economists and policy makers.  A direct consequence of such balance is the prevention of costs waste resulting from unemployment. Employment is a significant parameter in economic development, income distribution, and human self-esteem. On the contrary, unemployment causes a number of abnormalities with a wide range of economic, social and political aftermaths. Governments also consider unemployment as an important economic phenomenon and try to find solutions for this problem. It is observed that all countries, whether developed or developing, come across unemployment. The population structure of Asian countries and a great number of labor forces and lack of proper facilities have made unemployment the most important socio-economic problem. Globalization tends to influence the labor market structure, and (un)employment. As the developing countries play roles in labor market, they should be considered as an effective variable in the labor market. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

462 - Productivity and Economic Growth in Selected Developing Countries
Parviz Mohamadzadeh hossein Akbare fard Akram Akbari Somaye Atapour

The present article tries to measure and analyze the productivity of the selected developing countries during 1998-2007 through the use of data envelopment analysis method and Malmquist index, and then to examine the relationship between productivity and economic growth More

The present article tries to measure and analyze the productivity of the selected developing countries during 1998-2007 through the use of data envelopment analysis method and Malmquist index, and then to examine the relationship between productivity and economic growth in the countries with high productivity growth. The results obtained from the study show that 17 countries have the efficiency rate under 0.9, and that from the viewpoint of technical efficiency, only Kuwait is placed on the boundary function of production. Also, from the viewpoint of management efficiency, countries such as Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyz Republic, Lithuania, Mongolia, Ukraine, and Tunisia have the highest rate of efficiency.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

463 - Evaluating the Effect of Organizational Culture on Non-Financial Performance through the Mediating Role of Knowledge Utilitization and Application by Using Fuzzy Network Data Envelopment Analysis (FNDEA)
Mohsen shafenikabadi Amir Salimi

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between Organizational Culture and Knowledge Utilitization and Application for ranking non-financial performance of Department of Sahand Tire Company. The main purpose of the study is presenting a model for improvement of More

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between Organizational Culture and Knowledge Utilitization and Application for ranking non-financial performance of Department of Sahand Tire Company. The main purpose of the study is presenting a model for improvement of non-financial performance of the department and studying the effect of organizational culture on non-financial performance with the mediating role of knowledge utilitization and application by using slack-based fuzzy network data envelopment analysis (FNDEA) on the basis of excess of inputs and shortage of outputs. The related data were collected by a questionnaire distributed among 117 personnel from 12 units on the basis of random-classified sampling. The findings showed that the non-financial performance of workshop and manufacturing Process are better than the performance of other units. Also, findings showed that knowledge utilitization and application factor has a significant and positive role in the relationship between organizational culture and non-financial performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

464 - Computing the Optimal Solution of Technology Selection Model with Fuzzy Data
Sahand Daneshvar Sahar Khoshfetrat

This paper introduces a method to find the optimal solution of technology selection model with fuzzy data. The paper suggests a simple computational method to obtain the optimal solution of fuzzy linear programming (LP) problem used in technology selection without the n More

This paper introduces a method to find the optimal solution of technology selection model with fuzzy data. The paper suggests a simple computational method to obtain the optimal solution of fuzzy linear programming (LP) problem used in technology selection without the need for solving any fuzzy LP. Clearly the contribution of this research is that it reduces the fuzzy computational complexity, which is significant when dealing with more complex computations.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

465 - Evaluating Relative Efficiency of Major Cargo Ports in the Middle East: The Integrated DEA-AP Approach
Azita Hajizadeh Seyed Nasser Saeidi Amer Kaabi Homayoun Yousefi Mostafa Zaredoost

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative efficiency of major cargo ports in Middle East over the three-year period of 2011-2013. The research data were collected from scientific resources and input and output data from statistical yearbook of the Iranian ports More

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative efficiency of major cargo ports in Middle East over the three-year period of 2011-2013. The research data were collected from scientific resources and input and output data from statistical yearbook of the Iranian ports, maritime organization and formal website of each foreignport. Initially, the relative efficiency of ports was evaluated via two basic model of DEA-technique namely CCR-O and BCC-O and the ports were ranked accordingly using the 100% efficiency Anderson-peterson method. Based on the results of output- oriented CCR modelthatrepresents overall technical efficiency, Khorfakkan Port showed the highest and Bandar ImamKhomeini the lowest coefficient of efficiency during the given period. Based on the results of output- oriented BCC modelthatrepresents pure technical efficiency, Bushehr, Jebel Ali, KhorfakkanandAlexandria were found to have the highestandBandar ImamKhomeini the lowest coefficient of efficiency. Apart from Khorfakkan and Alexandriathat were underconstantreturns to scale, other ports were under variablereturns to scale. The scrutinized ports revealed an average of 54.3%, in technical efficiency and an average of 73% in pure technical efficiency during 2011-2013. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

466 - Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Insurance Branches Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) (Case study: Branches of Insurance Company in the Southern Provinces of Iran)
Mahmood Dniyali dah hooz Saede Ketabi

Evaluation of the effectiveness of organizations has always been the concern of researchers. Hence, over the years numerous techniques for doing this have been proposed and used. One of the techniques that is widely used in various research areas and a high proportion o More

Evaluation of the effectiveness of organizations has always been the concern of researchers. Hence, over the years numerous techniques for doing this have been proposed and used. One of the techniques that is widely used in various research areas and a high proportion of related scientific evaluation is data envelopment analysis (DEA). Besides, the insurance industry as a growing industry in the country has attracted the attention of researchers and administrators. Among the various issues in this area is the problem of performance evaluation and performance indicator. Because of the small amount of performance and its comparison in various branches and units, we can investigate different procedures in increasing the efficiency of the insurance branches and the steps taken to improve it. This study uses data envelopment analysis to measure the efficiency of insurance branches and after recognizing the efficient and inefficient offices by using technical tools, we have introduced the factors that are responsible for inefficiency of ineffective branches and finally we have presented some practical solutions to improve the performance of the insurance units.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

467 - Measuring the Efficiency through Fuzzy Model in Data Envelopment Analysis
Maryam Balaseyyed Gassir Esmail Alizadeh

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used for measuring the relative efficiency of a group of decision-making units with various inputs in order to create various outputs. In order to discuss the inaccurate data, the fuzzy concept is introduced. In this research, we intro More

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used for measuring the relative efficiency of a group of decision-making units with various inputs in order to create various outputs. In order to discuss the inaccurate data, the fuzzy concept is introduced. In this research, we introduce a model for measuring the rate of efficiency with fuzzy main functions, using trapezoid fuzzy numbers. The main goal is to convert the fuzzy DEA model into absolute and accurate DEA models by applying. A set of parametric problems is formulated to describe a set of absolute DEA models. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

468 - The Minimal Cost – Benefit Ratio for Interval Data
Sahand Daneshvar Mozhgan Mansouri Kaleibar

This Paper deals with calculating the minimal and maximal shares of individuals or organizations based on different criteria. Suppose that players are selfish and the score for each criterion for a player is an interval. Each player makes any possible effort to bring ab More

This Paper deals with calculating the minimal and maximal shares of individuals or organizations based on different criteria. Suppose that players are selfish and the score for each criterion for a player is an interval. Each player makes any possible effort to bring about his or her ideal condition. In this paper a new scheme to calculate the minimal    cost - benefit ratio for interval data is offered. A player who has minimal cost - benefit ratio is the successful player in obtaining favorite cost and benefits. In this scheme also new models have been proposed to avoid zero weight occurrence.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

469 - Determining Iran’s Status Regarding knowledge-based Economy among the Selected Countries
Monere Dezaji Sahand Daneshvar Seyed Sina Sharifi

The present article studies and evaluates the status of Iran and forty selected countries in the field of knowledge-based economy. The research method is to calculate their efficiency through the use of data envelopment analysis. Data envelopment analysis is one of the More

The present article studies and evaluates the status of Iran and forty selected countries in the field of knowledge-based economy. The research method is to calculate their efficiency through the use of data envelopment analysis. Data envelopment analysis is one of the methods to calculate the efficiency of decision-making units by using linear mathematical programming with multiple inputs and outputs. Accordingly, the efficiency of the selected countries was evaluated based on the input-oriented CCR model and by using the 13 Components of knowledge-based economy, with total labor force, GDP, gross capital formation, total expenditure spent on ICT, and value added services in GDP as the inputs, and high-tech exports, number of researchers in research and development, number of Internet users, fixed line and mobile telephones, labor productivity, and international relations as the outputs. According to the results of the present article, Iran is placed 29 among the selected countries. It seems that by following the policies of the USA and China, Iran can be promoted in this regard Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

470 - Investigation of Bank Management Performance Using DEA Technique (Case Study of Different Branches of Tehran Banks)
Mohammad Rahim Ramazanian Keikhosro Yakideh Lobat Akhavan Deilami

10.30495/qjopm.2019.666889

Banks are considered as vital circulatory system of finance and financial institutions that collect assets from various sources and allocate them to sectors that need market liquidity. Despite existing limitations, the present enquiry aimed to examine the efficiency of More

Banks are considered as vital circulatory system of finance and financial institutions that collect assets from various sources and allocate them to sectors that need market liquidity. Despite existing limitations, the present enquiry aimed to examine the efficiency of bank management through the use of Data Envelopment Analysis Model. Typical Models of Data Envelopment Analysis employed in evaluation of organizational performance are based on the black box events, that is, the input into units under scrutiny converted into output regardless of the intermediate stages. However, providing bank services is a complex process comprising different interconnected stages and the interwoven stages involved necessitated the use of Network Data Envelopment Analysis, in the present study, to design a Bank Performance Measurement Model. Thus, the aim of this scrutiny was to identify managerial weaknesses by calculating the management efficiency using the Network Model and to offer viable solutions. To serve the purpose, the banking data accumulated in 19 private bank branches in Tehran during the year 2014 were surveyed to estimate both the overall efficiency and the efficiency of each bank segment. The findings indicated significantly lower levels of efficiency in Network Collective Models compared to Simple Collective Models. Also, the NSBM model rendered a more precise measure of efficiency in comparison to the SBM model which can enable managers to identify and rectify inefficiencies in each sector. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

471 - Applying the mathematical expected growth on common investment Funds and assessing pure productivity growth indices based on Malamaqueist productivity index
Ali Mansory Homa Droody Nargess Saadati

The favorable investment funds play a suitable role in economic growth and development of a country. Thus, the investment fund has a key role in guiding the capital investment. The study aimed at the performance net growth of investment funds. The research method was ca More

The favorable investment funds play a suitable role in economic growth and development of a country. Thus, the investment fund has a key role in guiding the capital investment. The study aimed at the performance net growth of investment funds. The research method was casual-comparative. In order to assess the total productivity changes the malamaqeist, s total productivity index in regard to its assessment growth regression was used. According to the previous researches, the beta coefficient of the fund, expenses and net asset value (NAV) at the beginning of each year was selected as input variable, and the average annual return on investment (ROI) from the time of establishment, and the end of the year (NAV) were used as output variable. Accordingly the total malmaqueist,s  productivity index was applied to the 19 common investment funds in 2013 and 2014 respectively. At the same time, mathematical expected growth of investment funds was compared with the status of each investment funds growth (regression) to neutralize the impact of environmental factors and assess the productivity performance growth in relation to each other. The results showed that the first mutual funds of agricultural bank with 314percent growth performance was in the first rank and gained the greatest growth rate and the joint funds of omid-saham with 38 percent regression had the greatest decline. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

472 - Analysis the effect of detariffication on the performance of Iranian insurance using mathematical and statistical modeling
Mohammad reza Namdar Mohsen Ghare khani

Deregulation such as elimination of tariff system is one of the fundamental institutional changes in the past decade in the Iranian insurance industry. Although it can affect on the markets performance, few research studied the effects of deregulation on insurer efficie More

Deregulation such as elimination of tariff system is one of the fundamental institutional changes in the past decade in the Iranian insurance industry. Although it can affect on the markets performance, few research studied the effects of deregulation on insurer efficiency. In this study, a two-step approach is applied for analyzing the performance of insurance companies that combines mathematical programming and statistical method, in the ten-year period from 1384-1393 SH. The audiences of this research are all the stakeholders of the insurance industry, including market executives, their clients and regulatory organizations. The data have been compiled using a library study method from the insurance industry's annual statistics. Firstly we use Data Envelopment Analysis to calculate the efficiency of insurers in the ten-year period, and then in second step by Estimated Regression Equation the effect of deregulation on the insurer performance is investigated. The results show that detariffication has negative effect on the performance of insurers and reduced their efficiency. Finally, we present the recommendations for improving the performance of the insurers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

473 - Evaluation of bank branches Performance by combining two systems "balanced scorecard" and "fuzzy DEA" (Case Study: Tabriz selected branches of Bank Sepah)
Alireza Bafande Samera Rafie

In the current era, the amazing changes in the management knowledge necessitate the existence of measurement systems so much so that the absence of a measurement system in the different dimensions of an organization such measurement of the use facilities and resources, More

In the current era, the amazing changes in the management knowledge necessitate the existence of measurement systems so much so that the absence of a measurement system in the different dimensions of an organization such measurement of the use facilities and resources, personnel, goals and strategies is considered one of the signs of organization illness. There are different techniques for performance measurement, each of which has strong and weak points. In the present paper, a model for measuring the performance of the bank branches by combining “balance score card” with “fuzzy data envelopment analysis”. The statistical population includes all the branches of Sepah Bank of Tabriz totaling 42. The efficiency measurement indices have been specified through the use of balanced scorecard and with regard to the research literature. For data collection, a researcher – devised questionnaire was used after its validity and reliability had been confirmed. Data envelopment analysis was applied for data analysis. The results show that 10 branches out of the 42 around Tabriz are specified as strongly efficient, 27 as efficient, and the remaining 5 branches as inefficient. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

474 - بررسی رابطه رسانه‌های دیداری و سبک زندگی ( مورد مطالعه: جوانان شهراهواز)
محمود یعقوبی دوست بهروز شاهون وند غلامرضا جولا عزیزعلی مرادی

سبک‌های زندگی نقش مهمّی در خلق هویّت فردی و جمعی دارد و قادرند الگوهای رفتاری افراد در دنیای جدید را شکل دهند. در این میان رسانه های جمعی سهم عمده ای بر سبک های زندگی و الگوهای زندگی روزانه جامعه داشته و به شدّت تأثیرگذاربوده و افراد تحت تأثیر رسانه ها به سلایق و ارزش ه More

سبک‌های زندگی نقش مهمّی در خلق هویّت فردی و جمعی دارد و قادرند الگوهای رفتاری افراد در دنیای جدید را شکل دهند. در این میان رسانه های جمعی سهم عمده ای بر سبک های زندگی و الگوهای زندگی روزانه جامعه داشته و به شدّت تأثیرگذاربوده و افراد تحت تأثیر رسانه ها به سلایق و ارزش های خود شکل می-دهند. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی رابطه میزان استفاده از رسانه های دیداری و سبک زندگی جوانان شهر اهواز می‌باشد. روش تحقیق، پیمایشی و جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل کلیه جوانان شهر اهواز بوده که براساس فرمول کوکران و به شیوه نمونه گیری خوشه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای تعداد 384 نفر انتخاب شده‌اند. برای سنجش از پرسشنامه‌های محقق ساخته استفاده شد. برای تجزیه وتحلیل داده‌ها از شاخص‌های آماری درصد، میانگین، انحراف استاندارد، همبستگی پیرسون، تحلیل رگرسیون چند متغیره استفاده شد. یافته ها بیانگرآن است که بین رسانه های دیداری و ابعاد سبک زندگی(فعالیت‌های فراغتی، رفتار انحرافی و انتخاب پوشش و آرایش جوانان) رابطه معنادار وجود دارد، اما بین رسانه های دیداری و بعد خرید لوازم و سبک تزیین منزل و تغییر معیار ازدواج جوانان رابطه معنادار مشاهده نگردید. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیونی چند متغیره گام به گام نشان می دهد که متغیر شبکه های ماهواره‌ای، بیشترین تأثیر را درتبیین سبک زندگی جوانان شهر اهواز داشته است. در مجموع متغیرهای مستقل توانسته‌اند، 25/38 درصد تغییرات متغیرسبک زندگی را تبیین نمایند. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

475 - Cultural economy analysis in the space of Gilan province
farhad barandak Lili Mohamadi Asl

Culture is an important pillar of the society that through ensuring effectiveness in economic sense brings about effective developments in the society The purpose of present study is to compare the relative efficiency of Counties of Gilan and identify the efficient Coun More

Culture is an important pillar of the society that through ensuring effectiveness in economic sense brings about effective developments in the society The purpose of present study is to compare the relative efficiency of Counties of Gilan and identify the efficient Counties, in terms Cultural development and productivity. Applied-analytical method was used and statistical population includes Counties of Gilan. Data Envelopment Analysis model is used to determine the efficiency ratio of DMUs and to distinguish efficient and inefficient DMUs. For the units that are identified as efficient by CCR-I model, Anderson–Pearson (AP) was used. For analyzing data, LINGO and DEAP software was used. Findings showed that 8 Counties (in CCR-I) and 11 Counties (in BCC-I) have been efficient. Final ranking is as follows (in efficient Counties in the CCR-I):  Rasht> Lahijan> Astara> Amlash> Talesh> Rezvanshahr> Roodbar> Bandar-e Anzali Finally, virtual DMUs were introduced as a pattern for inefficient DMUs. Inefficient DMUs will achieve efficiency if they can be promoted to achieve the conditions of their similar virtual DMUs. Manuscript profile

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476 - Examining Snow Cover Changes in Relation to Drought Using Remote Sensing Techniques and GIS (Case Study of the West and East Azerbaijan Provinces)
Fahimeh Hooshmand mohammadebrahim afifi

In this research, to determine the changes in the level of snow cover in relation to drought, satellite data has been used in order to determine the snow cover and meteorological station data has been applied to estimate the drought. In this regard, at the first stage, More

In this research, to determine the changes in the level of snow cover in relation to drought, satellite data has been used in order to determine the snow cover and meteorological station data has been applied to estimate the drought. In this regard, at the first stage, satellite data was collected from NASA's Web site from 1385 to 1395, and after geometric and atmospheric corrections based on the NDSI index and using of bands 4 and 6, was applied to determine the level of snow cover and  drought rate has been estimated based on SPI index. Studies of snow cover reveal that the level of snow cover has been reduced and this is proportional to the drought rate, and the prevailing trend in the level of snow cover and SPI is a downward trend. However, in spite of the prolonged and increased SPI index, the level of snow cover has been reduced or vice versa. The reason for this can be investigated through the type of precipitation during these years and it is possible that most type of the precipitation, during the years in which snow cover has been less, has been rainy type and in the drought years with increased snow cover, type of downfall has been more snowy. Manuscript profile

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477 - Wildfire Risk Assessment in Zagros Forests using Geographic Information System and Best-Worst Method (BWM) (Case Study: Dore Chegeni County, Lorestan Province)
Roghayeh Jahdi Vahid Beiranvandi Hamed Amini

Due to the effect of climate change, the frequency and intensity of wildfires is continuously increasing. Wildfire risk assessment is an important part of fire prevention because pre-fire planning requires tools to monitor an area in terms of when and where fire is most More

Due to the effect of climate change, the frequency and intensity of wildfires is continuously increasing. Wildfire risk assessment is an important part of fire prevention because pre-fire planning requires tools to monitor an area in terms of when and where fire is most likely to occur, or when a fire will have the most severe negative effects. Wildfires are one of the most important natural hazards in Zagros forest ecosystems in western Iran. This study was conducted to analyze the risk of fire and investigate the factors affecting fire in the forest area of Dore Chegeni County. The main goal of the current study is to try to prepare a wildfire risk zoning map by combining topographic data and other auxiliary data through the geographic information system and using the Best-Worst Method for the study area. The fire risk map was obtained by scoring and weighing the layers of effective fire factors (vegetation, slope, aspect, elevation, climate, and distance from settlements and roads). Based on the results, the study area was classified into four fire risk classes. Very high (7%) and high (11%) fire risk areas were identified in the study area. Furthermore, 8% and 74% of the study area were placed in medium and low fire risk classes, respectively. This analysis helps land managers to understand patterns of vulnerability and fire risk in the landscape. By using the analysis of the results, investments in conditions of limited resources, forest restoration, fuel treatments and other mitigation measures to reduce fire risk can be targeted in areas with high fire risk. Manuscript profile

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478 - Analysing the Quality Karaj City Green Spaces using Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI)
Nazanin Naseri Milad Hosseinzadeh Niri Raoof Mostafazadeh

The increase of human activities has caused disturbances in human ecosystems and environment in different scales. Remote sensing techniques have been found to be effective for quantifying and detecting ecological changes and can be considered as an alternative for monit More

The increase of human activities has caused disturbances in human ecosystems and environment in different scales. Remote sensing techniques have been found to be effective for quantifying and detecting ecological changes and can be considered as an alternative for monitoring spatial changes in the ecological conditions of the environment. Today, the use of remote sensing data for studies related to the quality of the urban environment has also gained a great attention. In this research, the ecological quality of Karaj city's environment was evaluated and analyzed using Landsat series images in 2010 and 2020 by analyzing the main components of greenness, humidity, dryness and heat to determine four remote sensing ecological indicators. Remote sensing ecological indicators used in environmental quality extraction include LST, NDVI, NDBI and WET. The results showed that the quality of the environment of Karaj city has generally decreased from 2010 to 2022 and the average RSEI has decreased from 0.59 to 0.25, which shows the destruction of the environment of this city due to the expansion of its residential parts. Environmental changes in the study area are closely related to human activities in the form of spatial expansion of residential areas and development, which is caused by the immigration of the study area and its proximity to Tehran. The index used in the present research can adequately reflect the spatial changes of environmental quality from different dimensions and is an effective method for comprehensive evaluation of environmental quality and ecological conditions in urban environments Manuscript profile

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479 - Earth surface temperature monitoring in relation to land use changes Case study: Maragheh Sufi chay basin
mousa Abedini Abozar sadeghi Nazfar Aghazadeh AmirHesam Pasban

The main purpose of this study was to monitor the surface temperature in relation to land use changes with surface temperature using OLI and TM images in the present study. It was used for 2020, and the Landsat 5TM satellite imagery was used to extract land use and its More

The main purpose of this study was to monitor the surface temperature in relation to land use changes with surface temperature using OLI and TM images in the present study. It was used for 2020, and the Landsat 5TM satellite imagery was used to extract land use and its thermal band (band 6) was used to extract ground surface temperature for 1992. The monitored method was used to classify land use for 1992 and 2020 and land use changes and the maximum similarity method was used. The obtained results indicate the accuracy of the classification by the basic pixel method. According to the research findings, the total accuracy of the classification maps using the maximum similarity method was 99.84 for 1992 and 99.78 for 2020. According to the land use map of Sufi Chay watershed from 1992, which has been extracted by the maximum similarity method, most of the land uses are primarily related to the type 1 mountainous part, which has an area of approximately 320.42 square kilometers. Then, rainfed land use with an area of 191.09 square kilometers and dense agricultural land use with an area of 74.29 square kilometers have the most areas. The area of land uses in 2020 also shows that the most land uses are mountainous type 1 rainfed and residential. Keywords: Surface temperature, land use change, OLI, QGIS, Sufi chay. Manuscript profile

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480 - مدل سرمایه گذاری مناسب در سبد سهام با رویکرد تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها- شبکه عصبی
مصطفی کاظمی محمد اسفندیار حدیث نجاریان

در سال‌های اخیر با ورود سرمایه گذاران خصوصی به بازار سرمایه، رقابت موجود بین شرکت‌های سرمایه گذاری افزایش چشمگیری داشته است. شرکت‌های بزرگ و قدرتمند، اهداف پیش بینی شده خود را با جدیت پیگیری می‌کنند تا توان رقابتی خود را بالا ببرند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل کارایی شرکت‌های سر More

در سال‌های اخیر با ورود سرمایه گذاران خصوصی به بازار سرمایه، رقابت موجود بین شرکت‌های سرمایه گذاری افزایش چشمگیری داشته است. شرکت‌های بزرگ و قدرتمند، اهداف پیش بینی شده خود را با جدیت پیگیری می‌کنند تا توان رقابتی خود را بالا ببرند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل کارایی شرکت‌های سرمایه گزاری از روش‌های پارامتریک و نا‌پارامتریک استفاده می‌شود. با توجه به ضعف قدرت تفکیک‌پذیری و حساسیت مرز کارایی به داده‌های پرت در روش تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها، در این پژوهش کارایی 31 شرکت‌های سرمایه‌گذاری در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران با استفاده از مدل‌های تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها و مدل ترکیبی شبکه‌های عصبی و تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها به عنوان دو روش نا‌پارامتریک، مورد ارزیابی قرار می‌گیرند. با استفاده از مدل‌های BCC و CCR تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها کارایی شرکت‌های سرمایه گذاری در بازه زمانی 1388ـ1390 محاسبه و نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. با توجه به ضعف تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها در رتبه‌بندی واحد‌های کارا، با استفاده از روش اندرسون و پیترسون واحد‌های کارا رتبه‌بندی شده است.در روش ترکیبی شبکه‌های عصبی و تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها از شبکه پرسپترون چند لایه با الگوریتم آموزش لونبرگ ـ مارکوآرت (LM) استفاده شده است. مقایسه نتایج مدل ترکیبی با روش تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها نشان‌دهنده قدرت بالای شبکه‌های عصبی برای اندازه‌گیری کارایی میباشد.  Manuscript profile

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481 - ارزیابی کارایی و رتبه بندی مدارس شهرستان فیروزکوه با استفاده از مدل تحلیل پوششی داده ها ( مطالعه موردی مدارس ابتدایی شهرستان فیروزکوه )
مریم زیاری مهدی فلاح جلودار

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482 - بررسی تاثیر کیفیت سود گزارش شده بر کارایی واحدهای اقتصادی با استفاده از تحلیل پوششی دادهها
مهدی غلام ابری محمد محمودی

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483 - بازده به مقیاس واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده با ورودی ‌ها و خروجی ‌های بازه ای در تحلیل پوششی داده ‌ها
مهدی فلاح جلودار

مدلهای اساسی تحلیل پوششی داده ‌ها به گونه ای طراحی شده اند که مقادیر شاخص ‌های ورودی و خروجی باید در آنها مشخص و معلوم باشند. به عبارت دیگر این مدلها برای در نظر گرفتن دادهای نادقیق، بازه ای، فازی، قضاوتی و ... مورد استفاده قرار نمی گیرند. در این مقاله قصد بر آن است تا More

مدلهای اساسی تحلیل پوششی داده ‌ها به گونه ای طراحی شده اند که مقادیر شاخص ‌های ورودی و خروجی باید در آنها مشخص و معلوم باشند. به عبارت دیگر این مدلها برای در نظر گرفتن دادهای نادقیق، بازه ای، فازی، قضاوتی و ... مورد استفاده قرار نمی گیرند. در این مقاله قصد بر آن است تا ضمن مروری بر تحقیقات گذشته در تعیین کارایی واحدهایی که دارای داده ‌های بازه ای هستند و بیان نقاط ضعف و قوت آنها، روشی برای تعیین بازده به مقیاس واحدهای بازه ای ارایه نماییم Manuscript profile

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484 - ارزیابی عملکرد و تعیین شاخص های قابل کنترل و غیرقابل کنترل در ایستگاه های راه آهن ایران
سید محمد سید حسینی محمد حسین درویش متولی

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485 - بررسی اثر پوشش‌دهی بذر با مواد شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی بر جوانه‌زنی بذر زیره سبز (Cuminum Cyminum L.)
سارا بیدل

10.30495/jsr.2022.1908608.1197

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486 - مقایسه تیمارهای سرمادهی، اسیدسولفوریک، خراش‌دهی، نیترات پتاسیم و هیدروپرایمینگ بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و فعالیت آنزیم آلفا آمیلاز بذر درختچه مورد (Myrtus communis L.)
زینب کیهان پور محمدرضا صالحی سلمی

10.30495/jsr.2022.1945704.1226

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487 - Estimating the level of vegetation and agricultural land in Babolsar using normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI)
Mohammad reza yousefiroshan Hamid Amounia

Estimating the level of vegetation and arable land in the traditional way takes time. One of the effective tools in estimating the level of vegetation is the use of remote sensing techniques. This technique is of great importance in order to provide up-to-date informati More

Estimating the level of vegetation and arable land in the traditional way takes time. One of the effective tools in estimating the level of vegetation is the use of remote sensing techniques. This technique is of great importance in order to provide up-to-date information, time series of data, measurement in different spectral ranges. The purpose of this research is to estimate the level of vegetation in Babolsar and evaluate the accuracy of the NDVI index. In this research, Landsat 8 satellite image data from 2019 was used. The process of pre-processing, processing and verification has been done in ENVI5.3 software, and area maps and calculations have been done in ArcGIS10.8 software. The results showed that the vegetation area of the city is estimated at 11474.37 hectares. The evaluation of the accuracy of the used index also showed that by using Landsat 8 images, it is possible to calculate the level of vegetation with an overall accuracy of 92% and a Kappa coefficient of 87%. Manuscript profile

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488 - Drought Spatial Analysis using remote sensing technique (Case study: Maharlo Bakhtegan Basin)
Marzieh Mogholi

Drought is one of the most destructive climatic phenomena whose impact is more significant at the regional scale. The importance of drought in an area such as Maharloo Bakhtegan is more important due to the strategic conditions of the region, the extent of agricultural More

Drought is one of the most destructive climatic phenomena whose impact is more significant at the regional scale. The importance of drought in an area such as Maharloo Bakhtegan is more important due to the strategic conditions of the region, the extent of agricultural lands and the existence of Maharloo and Bakhtegan lakes. The purpose of this study was to assess drought using remote sensing, spatial statistics, and GIS in the Maharloo-Bakhtegan basin. In this study, to evaluate the effect of drought on vegetation, Madis images were used to calculate the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and then the changes in vegetation area were investigated. The results showed that the area of vegetation decreased in the studied years. Reasons for these changes can be attributed to reduced winter rainfall, land-use changes, increased off-season grazing, and bushes. The results indicate the drought in the region. Also to study drought in Maharloo-Bakhtegan basin, meteorological data for estimation of normalized precipitation index (SPI) and spatial statistical analysis, from 6 selected synoptic stations (Shiraz, Zarghan, Droodzan Dam, Eqlid, Neyriz, and Abadeh) used from 1999 to 2018. The results of the Moran index for drought showed that the values for different years have a positive coefficient and close to one during the statistical period, indicating that the SPI drought index data have a cluster pattern. The results of the Z standard score and P-value also confirmed the clustering of the spatial distribution of drought. Manuscript profile

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489 - Analysis of Sentinel 3 images of SLSTR sensors in identifying urban heat islands and its relationship with vegetation (Case study: Kermanshah)
Mostafa Shahinifar Hamidreza Shahandeh

This issue has become more apparent in large cities and provincial capitals, which have undergone land use changes in recent years. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial relationship between the distribution of thermal islands with urban vegetatio More

This issue has become more apparent in large cities and provincial capitals, which have undergone land use changes in recent years. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial relationship between the distribution of thermal islands with urban vegetation and compare the intensity of thermal islands in minimum, maximum and average values in urban areas of Kermanshah during the last 10 years. Data were analyzed using Sentinel 3 satellite imagery and SLSTR sensor with a spatial resolution of 500 m in the reflective bands and 1000 m in the thermal band using SNAP and QGIS software. Therefore, continuous monitoring of land use change is one of the main challenges of urban planning and management in metropolitan areas. Because the increase of green space in the city significantly reduces the temperature of the city and thermal islands. The key findings of this research are focused on three areas: first, focusing on the fair distribution of green spaces in the city, second, using waste spaces to increase green spaces, and finally, avoiding additional burden on the ground, because in dense areas, the possibility of creating thermal islands is much higher. It was from other places. Manuscript profile

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490 - مدل سازی تغییرات شاخص سبزینگی پوشش گیاهی با بارش های جوی در منطقه زاگرس
منوچهر فرج زاده یوسف قویدل رحیمی فروزان عیسوند زیبایی

ارزیابی ارتباط کمی بین الگوی پوشش گیاهی و عناصر اقلیمی یکی از کاربردهای سنجش از دور در مقیاس جهانی و منطقه ای می باشد. مطالعه بارندگی یک منطقه و اثرات مخرب یا مفیدی که بر جا می گذارد، شرایط را برای برنامه ریزی و حفظ و حراست از آن محیط، مدیریت بهتر خاک و شناخت وضعیت پوشش More

ارزیابی ارتباط کمی بین الگوی پوشش گیاهی و عناصر اقلیمی یکی از کاربردهای سنجش از دور در مقیاس جهانی و منطقه ای می باشد. مطالعه بارندگی یک منطقه و اثرات مخرب یا مفیدی که بر جا می گذارد، شرایط را برای برنامه ریزی و حفظ و حراست از آن محیط، مدیریت بهتر خاک و شناخت وضعیت پوشش گیاهی  فراهم می کند.بارش پدیده ای است اقلیمی که مقدار آن در مکان پیوسته تغییر می کند. برای انجام این تحقیق از داده های بارش روزانه 36 ایستگاه اقلیمی منطقه زاگرس در بازه ی زمانی 2000 تا 2010 میلادی و تصاویر ماهواره MODIS و TRMM استفاده گردید. به همین منظور  برای رسیدن به نتیجه مطلوب، منطقه مورد مطالعه را به سه قسمت، منطقه دارای سبزینگی حداکثر، متوسط و حداقل تقسیم شده است. با توجه به این که بیشترین تراکم سبزینگی در ایران در ماه می می باشد، اخذ و بررسی  تصاویر ماهواره ای به نحوی بوده است که، محصولات 16 روزه پوشش گیاهی تمام روزهای ماه می را پوشش دهند و بتوان به برآورد درستی رسید و بر اساس آن نیز روزهای بارشی همان بازه زمانی ( 23 آوریل تا 9 ژوئن) انتخاب گردیده است. سپس برای هر دوره 16 روزه با دوره زمانی 11 سال یک میانگین بدست آورده که در مجموع برای هر فاکتور سه تصویر برای هر 16 روزه مطالعه گردید. نتایج بررسی ها نشان میدهد که مناطق با بارش بیشتر دارای سبزینگی بیشتری بوده و در بیشتر موارد تغییرات مکانی بارش باعث تغییر در میزان میانگین سبزینگی شده و همچنین شبیه سازی داده های بارش ماهواره ای با سبزینگی نسبت به بارش ایستگاهی سبزینگی بالاتری را پیش بینی می کند. Manuscript profile

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491 - آشکارسازی تغییرات پوشش سطح زمین ناحیه شمال غرب ایران به عنوان نمایه ای از بیابان زایی
قاسم کیخسروی زینب محمدی

بیابان زایی مشتمل بر فرایندهایی است که در نتیجه عوامل طبیعی و عملکرد نادرست انسان ایجاد می گردد. در این پژوهش جهت بررسی روند بیابان زایی شمال غرب ایران، ابتدا تصاویر ماهواره ای سنجنده مادیس مرتبط با محصول پوشش زمین(MCD12Q1)، در فواصل زمانی 2001 تا 2013 دریافت گردید. برا More

بیابان زایی مشتمل بر فرایندهایی است که در نتیجه عوامل طبیعی و عملکرد نادرست انسان ایجاد می گردد. در این پژوهش جهت بررسی روند بیابان زایی شمال غرب ایران، ابتدا تصاویر ماهواره ای سنجنده مادیس مرتبط با محصول پوشش زمین(MCD12Q1)، در فواصل زمانی 2001 تا 2013 دریافت گردید. برای تبدیل به فرمت نقشه های پوشش زمین از استاندارد IGBP  و الگوریتم های Decision tree و Change Detection استفاده گردید در مرحله بعد نیز سطح تراز ارتفاعی دریاچه ارومیه از سنجنده های TOPEX،Jason-1 ، OSTM و JASON-3 دریافت شد. بر اساس استاندارد IGBP، در طی این 13 سال در منطقه حدود 14 طبقه پوششی زمین تشخیص داده شد. بیشترین مساحت منطقه را پوشش های گیاهی پراکنده، مراتع، زمین های زراعی و نواحی آبی تشکیل می دهند. با این وجود که پوشش منابع آبی 64 درصد وسعت خود را از دست داده است. اما وسعت پوشش های گیاهان پراکنده 57 درصد، مراتع 4 درصد و پوشش زمین های زراعی حدود 9 درصد نسبت به سال 2001 افزایش یافته است. نتایج  تغییرات پوشش سطح زمین بر اساس الگوریتم Change Detection بیانگر آن است که 8 طبقه پوششی در طی 13 سال درچار تغییر در نوع پوشش گردیده اند. که این طبقات شامل(طبقه بوته زارها، طبقه زمین های زراعی،طبقه پوشش های گیاهی پراکنده،طبقه جنگل های برگ ریز پهن برگ ، طبقه جنگل های مخلوط، طبقه پوششی مراتع،طبقه پوششی ساوانا و طبقه پوششی آب) می باشند، که بخشی از مساحت این طبقات تبدیل به پوشش های از قبیل زمین های زراعی، مراتع، پوشش های گیاهی پراکنده و .... شده اند. بنابراین  با توجه به تغییرات پوششی شمال غرب ایران می توان اینگونه نتیجه گرفت که فقط 9 درصد مساحت منطقه( عمدتاً در اطراف دریاچه ارومیه) دچار دگرگونی در نوع پوشش گردیده است. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

492 - Detection and Transmission Process of Land Cover Time Series Using GIS and Remote Sensing Technology in Peripheral Areas (Case study: Kajor section)
Yousef darvishi Mohammad Einali Amineh Andjomshoaa

The ever-increasing population growth and subsequent horizontal expansion of villages has led to changes in land use, especially in protected areas, resulting in the destruction of natural areas. In order to make the best use of the land, it seems necessary to be aware More

The ever-increasing population growth and subsequent horizontal expansion of villages has led to changes in land use, especially in protected areas, resulting in the destruction of natural areas. In order to make the best use of the land, it seems necessary to be aware of the changes in land use and the nature of human use of the land, which can be done by revealing the changes in land use. Therefore, in order to protect this area, it is not only important to understand the human factors, but also the role of natural factors, including vegetation. In this research, Landsat satellite imagery was used in 7 time periods. EVI, DVI and NDVI indices were used to study and analyse the changes in vegetation in the study area. In the present study, based on the modelling objectives, the changes in forest cover in the study area were investigated using Landsat satellite images for the years 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2010, 2015 and 2017.The false colour images of the OLI sensor used were referenced to the panchromatic band using 20 ground control points and an appropriate RMSe (0.28) of the ground, then the images of the sensors MSS and TM were referenced using the image-to-image method with an RMSe of less than 0.5. In this context, the modelling of the transmission potential was performed using the learning algorithm based on the multilayer perceptron and the prediction of the changes for the best model was performed using the Markov chain. Subsequently, the accuracy of the modelling was evaluated using the statistics of hits, misses and false alarms. The results of the vegetation indicators study showed the improvement of the vegetation condition in the studied period. The results of the vegetation indicators study showed that the vegetation condition improved during the studied period. The study of land use also showed that with the current trend, the area without cover will decrease and the area with pasture and forest cover will increase. Therefore, the improvement in cover conditions can be attributed to the application of conservation measures. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

493 - Investigation of the effect of physiographic factors on the quantitative and qualitative condition of Zagros forests in Sarpol-e Zahab region of Kermanshah
Azadeh Sohrabi Zadeh rezahossein hheidary Maziar Heidri

The aim of this research Check the effect of physiographic (Altitude and direction) on The quantitative and qualitative characteristics, Determine the amount of dieback and determine the age structure is part of the central Zagros forests. For this research  the fo More

The aim of this research Check the effect of physiographic (Altitude and direction) on The quantitative and qualitative characteristics, Determine the amount of dieback and determine the age structure is part of the central Zagros forests. For this research  the forest between city of Sarpol Zohab and Krnd Ghrb was selected, The area of sea level height into three height classes 700 to 1000 m, 1000 m to 1300 m and 1300 to 1500 m, and two main geographical aspects North and South was divided. 96 circular plots of 10 AR in regular-random sampling method with dimensions of 100 x 100 m was picked . The results showed that the highest average value characteristics basal area and cover percent in elevation in the classes of 1300 to 1500 meters above sea level and northern slopes were observed and analysis of variance and t-test results showed between the little tree factors of altitude and aspect there is a significant difference. The population has  Young uneven structure and trees located on the northern slopes and Classifieds height of 700 to 1000 m in larger diameter classes more distributed. trees with serious dehydration, In the southern slopes and a height classified of 700 to 1000 meters above sea level was observed. trees with severe pollution to semi-parasitic mistletoe plant on the northern slopes and a height Classifieds of 700 to 1000 meters above sea level was observed. On results of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of trees, for sustainable management of forests for research and reducing operations it is suggested, the southern slopes height classifieds of 700 to 1,000 meters and taken into consideration. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

494 - Comparison of different methods with common method of producing land use/cover maps of natural resources studies (Case Study, Ghoshchi watershed, Urmia)
ardavan ghorbani Azad Kakehmami Mahmood Mohamad hasanpoor Farnoosh Aslami sahar ghafari Arash Raufi masole

Private companies as consulting engineers play important role to the study of natural resources. Land use map is one of the information generated in the studies by the consulting engineer that the accuracy of this information is effective on the final results, expenditu More

Private companies as consulting engineers play important role to the study of natural resources. Land use map is one of the information generated in the studies by the consulting engineer that the accuracy of this information is effective on the final results, expenditures spending on the natural resources and future projects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of the visual interpretation of images from Google Earth (GE) in comparison with the map, which was produced by consulting engineers and object-based interpretation of Landsat images as a new and low-cost method for land use /cover mapping in the natural resources studies of Iran. For this purpose, the land use/cover map provided by consulting engineers (2007) was compared with land use maps, which was produced using object-based method of TM Image (2007) with eCognition software and GE images (visual interpretation) with ArcGIS software (2009) in terms of accuracy assessment results. Overall accuracy and Kappa of the land use/cover maps using GE images were 0.99 % and 0.99, and Overall accuracy and Kappa of consultant engineers and object-based method based on Landsat image were calculated 59% and 0.32, and 89% and 86%, respectively. Result of the study demonstrated the high capability of the GE images in land use/cover mapping. Overall, the map generated from the GE image has higher accuracy in comparison with the other two maps, and the map produced by the consultant engineers with the low Kappa coefficient was unacceptable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

495 - Investigation of vegetation changes in different seasons using satellite image and relationship between it and temperature changes (case study: North of Darab)
Marzieh Mokarram Maliehe Mozayan Mohammad Faraji Katauon Musavi

This research is studying the herbal covering crown change using climate information, satellite pictures, morphometric characteristics and its relation with herbal covering index and drought index is done in different pasture places in North part of Darab in Fars provin More

This research is studying the herbal covering crown change using climate information, satellite pictures, morphometric characteristics and its relation with herbal covering index and drought index is done in different pasture places in North part of Darab in Fars province. For this purpose, Landsat satellite pictures in 3 time periods of 2005 and 2015 was chosen and processing. It used ETM+8(2015) and aster (2005) for this goal. At first for pre-processing, the mathematical and Atmospheric scanning from pictures was taken and then with regarding the type of sampling from Landsat ETM+8(2015) pictures was used for surveying the modality scale of herbal covering with herbal index. For this purpose sampling was done from 39 points of area. In this research, the temperature measure and herbal covering was done with satellite pictures and for measurement technique. For surveying herbal coverage index and climate parameters is using climate parameters from regression Analysis. The result of correlation and linear regression relation was shown that there is meaningful relation between NDVI index and temperature measurement in this area, so that with increasing the temperature amount of herbal covering index is increasing. The results were shown that there is a meaningful relation between NDVI index and temperature in study area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

496 - Flora life form and chorology of Plants in Dezli area, Kurdistan Province, Iran
Reza Omidipour Aydin Faraji Mohabat Nadaf

The study of the flora of each region important in the management and development of natural resources and the list of plants represents of vegetation cover and environment condition. The present study was carried out in Dezli region in Sarvabad county of Kurdistan prov More

The study of the flora of each region important in the management and development of natural resources and the list of plants represents of vegetation cover and environment condition. The present study was carried out in Dezli region in Sarvabad county of Kurdistan province with a total area of 12493.97 ha and mean annual precipitation (30 years) of this area was 804 mm. In order to introduce the flora of the area, field survey was used and plant species were collected and identified based on available Flora Life form and chorology of plant species were also determined. The results showed 113 species in 90 genera and 31 species in the region. The most important families were, Asteraceae (18 species and 17 genera), Poaceae (19 species and 15 genera) and Apiaceae (10 species and 9 genera). Life forms of plant species included, hemicritophytosis 47%, tetrophytes 30%, cryptophytes 12%, chamaephytes 7% and phanerophytes 4%. The high percentage of hemicritopathitis species indicated that the area had Cold mountainous area. The highest. Proportion of chorotypes belonged to Irano-touranian elements (67%). Also, 13% of the species had a European-Siberian pattern, as well as Mediterranean, 5% cosmopolitan were 12% and 5%, respectively, and 3% was endemic species of Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

497 - Number and projected area estimates of coarse woody debris by line intersect sampling (case study: chafroud forests)
farshad keivan behjo zeynab poorgholi

To determine a suitable method, based on precision and cost of inventory for estimates of residuals in Caspian Forests, a transect method based on probability theory, were selected for comparison. Parameters evaluated were number and projected area per hectare. Consider More

To determine a suitable method, based on precision and cost of inventory for estimates of residuals in Caspian Forests, a transect method based on probability theory, were selected for comparison. Parameters evaluated were number and projected area per hectare. Considering all the sampling factors, a grid of 100*100m were determined for randomized systematic sampling. Length of transect was determined as 100m in transect method. To compare the results of these method with the real population statistical parameters, a 100% survey of coarse woody debris was take over 107 hectares including three compartments. The results of t-test show that the population mean was similar to means of transect method based on probability theory for all parameters, the means being within the range of confidence intervals. However in this method and in all cases, the inventory errors were greater than those at the acceptable level (10%). This can be cocluded that transect method based on probability theory is a suitable method for estimating of coarse woody debris in Caspian forests. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

498 - Monitoring of Ashtrankoh glaciers in the catchment area of Gohar Lake in Lorestan and investigating its relationship with vegetation reduction using MODIS images and NDSI index between 1380 and 1395
mohammad ebrahim afifi vahid sohrabi

In this study، MODIS satellite images related to the years 2001 to 2015 have been used to prepare a map of the surface under snow cover in Lorestan Province، Ashrankuh Region. The main purpose of the research was to investigate the relationship between natural glaciers More

In this study، MODIS satellite images related to the years 2001 to 2015 have been used to prepare a map of the surface under snow cover in Lorestan Province، Ashrankuh Region. The main purpose of the research was to investigate the relationship between natural glaciers and vegetation. In this study، it was the NDSI index، which is actually the normalized difference of two spectral bands (visible band and near-infrared band or short-wavelength infrared band)، which is used to extract snow-covered surfaces. k-means algorithm was used for clustering. The results obtained from the changes in the glacial zones have shown a decreasing trend. So that the area covered by glaciers in 2001 was estimated to be around 7500 square meters and in 2015 this amount was estimated to be approximately 5000 square meters. Fluctuation in the changes of each year compared to the next year is very low due to the wideness of the Modis image cell، but in the long term، the decreasing trend of glacier levels is quite clear. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

499 - Comparison of Distance Methods for Plants Density Estimation in Hamoon Lake Rangelands in Zabol
Vahid Rakhshanizade mohamadreza saeid afkhamoshoara Zeinab Noori Kia mohamad taheri

Density is one of the most important quantitative indicators in the study of rangelands and therefore it is necessary to choose the most appropriate method for measuring density in each area. Estimating the density of green seedlings in biological projects is also one o More

Density is one of the most important quantitative indicators in the study of rangelands and therefore it is necessary to choose the most appropriate method for measuring density in each area. Estimating the density of green seedlings in biological projects is also one of the concerns of supervising experts in these projects. Due to the fact that the study area is located in a desert environment have caused the vegetation to be resistant against drought and salinity and their vegetative form is often shrubs. Therefore, this research was done on fast-growing, evergreen, drought and salinity resistant species of Tamarix in three areas of annual planting. All the bases of Tamarix sp were counted in these three areas and in each area, 5 transects of 200 meters were placed parallel to each other and at a distance of 20 meters from each other and 10 points on each were identified as sampling points. This method was considered as a control. With the aim of comparing five distance methods including Closest Individual, Nearest Neighbor, Point-Centered Quarter, Quartered Neighbor and Angle Order in terms of accuracy in estimating the density of green seedlings of Tamarix species to introduce the method that provides the best accuracy in estimating the density of this species. The results show that in the area number one and three the Nearest Neighbor method and in area number two Quartered Neighbor method has the highest accuracy compared to the control. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

500 - Land use mapping of Kaftareh Watershed of Ardabil using visual and digital processing of ETM+ image
ardavan ghorbani farnoosh aslami saeed ahmadabadi sahar ghaffari

Abstract The availability of land use information permits decision-makers to develop plans in short to long-term period for the conservation, sustainable use and development of natural resources and watersheds. In this study, ETM+ image (2006), GPS and GIS were used fo More

Abstract The availability of land use information permits decision-makers to develop plans in short to long-term period for the conservation, sustainable use and development of natural resources and watersheds. In this study, ETM+ image (2006), GPS and GIS were used for image interpretation, field data collection and land use mapping. Preprocessing and required correction have conducted. Initially, field visit have been conducted and different land uses have been defined. In the second step, image was visually interpreted and then training area has selected and using the maximum likelihood algorithm image was classified. According to the lack of the capability for detecting river beds and residential areas in digital image processing, integration of visual and digital interpretation (supervised classification) and object-based image analysis were used. Results show that, in visual interpretation, there is almost no capability to discriminate rangeland from dry farming land uses; however garden, residential areas and riverbeds are discriminated. Results of supervised classification show that there are problems to detect and discriminate different land uses; however, by integration of digital and visual interpretation, it is possible to use Landsat data to discriminate different land uses in the areas such as Kaftareh watersheds and Arshagh region of Ardabil province. The results of the evaluation of object-based classification accuracy showed the highest overall accuracy, because the method parameters such as scale, shape, tone and texture, in addition to using pixel values were used in classification, hence with appropriate segment creation, there is the possibility of precise discrimination of land uses such as residential areas from dryland farming. In the future studies, according to the importance of land use map in the studies such as natural resources, watershed managements and agriculture, it is better to use high spatial imagery and object-based methods.      Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

501 - The effectof number and frequency ofscarification on survivaland regenerationofAstragalusgossypinusFischer
سید مرتضی Abtahi کریم Bagherzadeh

Abstract Gum tragacanth is one of the most important medicinal and industrial products of rangelands, obtained from the scarification of gum tragacanth-producing Astragalus including Astragalus gossypinus. This species is threatened with extinction due to the non-norma More

Abstract Gum tragacanth is one of the most important medicinal and industrial products of rangelands, obtained from the scarification of gum tragacanth-producing Astragalus including Astragalus gossypinus. This species is threatened with extinction due to the non-normative exploitation. This research was aimed to provide a scientific method for the exploitation of gum tragacanth as well as the conservation and survival of this species. The study was conducted in two regions of Isfahan province using a random complete blocks design in a factorial scheme with three replications. Each replication included 30 shrubs that were exploited for the first time. Treatments included the number of scarification and harvesting. The traits included the amount of gum tragacanths obtained from each replication, the percentage of plant mortality, canopy cover, and 1000-seed weight. According to the obtained results, the number of harvesting had a negative impact on canopy cover. The number of scarification and harvesting and their interaction effect on product was not significant. Overall, two scars and four-times harvesting could be recommended for the exploitation of A. gossypinus. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

502 - Soil Variability Affecting by Trees rooting and Canopy Coverage in Hassan-Abad Sanandaj Afforestation
shetav saedi hashem habashi vahid hosseini

Abstract   In this study trees crown covering and rooting effects on soil characteristic varability were studied. For this purpose, 4species include:pinus nigra, Cupressus arizonica, Fraxinus rotundifolia and Robinia pseudoucacia were selected with 43 years&ndash More

Abstract   In this study trees crown covering and rooting effects on soil characteristic varability were studied. For this purpose, 4species include:pinus nigra, Cupressus arizonica, Fraxinus rotundifolia and Robinia pseudoucacia were selected with 43 years–aged affores tostion in Hasnabad–Sanandaj 22 rectungle sample plot (900m2) were chosen and allometric trees data include:DBH, height and Crown diameter were measured then annual DBH & height incremevt were calcuted. We computed crown covering percentage in plot after 43 years. Then 112 Auger soil samples in 0-20 and 20-40 cm depth around of selected trees were taken afterward subsequently physical and chemical soil characteristics were determined Roots separated by washing then volume, wet weight and dry weight were determind. Comperation   physical and chemical soil properties under canopy and around tree in different variation shown that after 43 years afferece on soil charecteris. Finally pinus nigra introduce as the best afforestation and much compatible species. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

503 - Application of spatial statistic in assessing canopy cover variation of rangeland plant species of sheep fescue
amir hoseim kavian por ardavan ghorbani gholam ali heshmati

According to the continuous changes in natural ecosystems, particularly rangelands, and variety of affecting factors and the cost of direct measurement, the application of new techniques in different studies is necessary. In this study the capability of spatial statisti More

According to the continuous changes in natural ecosystems, particularly rangelands, and variety of affecting factors and the cost of direct measurement, the application of new techniques in different studies is necessary. In this study the capability of spatial statistical techniques in the assessment of canopy cover variation of Festuca ovina L. species was investigated. Canopy cover was recorded using plots at 45 sites. Then Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) and Kriging were used for interpolating and estimating of F. ovina canopy cover using GS+5 and ArcGIS10. Results showed that the best variogram was exponential, and simple and ordinary Kriging were the best interpolation methods in comparison with the other methods according to the results maps accuracy assessments. Effective range of F.ovina canopy cover (48300 meter) is close to some chemical and physical soil properties including, acidity in the second depth (51500m), and organic matter in the second depth (47710m), clay in the first depth and sand in the first and second depths (49400m). Spatial variability of mentioned soil characteristics have affected the percentage of F. ovina canopy cover and at the distance greater than effective range, samples have no spatial dependence. To investigate the relationships between mentioned soil characteristics and canopy cover of F. ovina, and the optimal sampling interval can be considered between 47710 to 49400 meters. Results of this study show that spatial statistic can be used for evaluating canopy cover of rangeland species variability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

504 - An Investigation of Range Types Condition and trend in Ala region of Semnan
fatemeh farzanepey Nahid alipoor Negin Pak Hasan Kaboli Tayebeh Mesbahzadeh

Abstract More than the half of Iran area included rangelands that are as important as an economic and social revolution bed of Iran tribes. Vegetation determination and rangeland statue detection using recognized methods help us for optimum using and destruction preven More

Abstract More than the half of Iran area included rangelands that are as important as an economic and social revolution bed of Iran tribes. Vegetation determination and rangeland statue detection using recognized methods help us for optimum using and destruction prevent and needed balance consideration of rangeland. Ala region of Semnan is considerable as a rangeland in order to great area and species rich that in this study was investigated. In this study vegetation map and floristic list of region was prepared using satellite images and geographical information system and desert visits and we use 4 factors method for rangeland statue analysis. In this study at the first working unit were provided in 3907.4 area for vegetation research of Ala region. Major rangeland species of each type for each working unit were identified based on regulated tables and forms and the type name was determined according to medium dominance of canopy. There dominant plant type was detected in this region included Artemisia, Holxylon and Peganum. The results show that rangeland statue in studied region is poor with considering measuring and estimations and tendency go toward retro gradation. So in this rangeland the management methods and their applying methods are so important. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

505 - Evaluation of neural network and regression models to predict species diversity using some soil and physiographic factors (Case Study: Kharabeh Sanji watershed of Urmia)
Behnam Bahrami Ardovan Ghorbani

Direct measurement of species diversity is a time consuming and cost effective and somewhat unreliable because of errors in the sampling. This study was conducted by the aim of determining low cost factors for predicting species diversity using artificial neural network More

Direct measurement of species diversity is a time consuming and cost effective and somewhat unreliable because of errors in the sampling. This study was conducted by the aim of determining low cost factors for predicting species diversity using artificial neural network, adaptive- fuzzy neural network and regression models. Sampling was conducted using randomized-systematic method from 60 plots along 6 transects with 100m long and from 0-30cm of soil depth. Vegetation data were recorded to calculate species diversity by Shannon-wiener index. Moreover, for determining the affective factors on species diversity, electrical conductivity, pH, bulk density, percentages of organic matter, clay, silt, wet saturation, coarse and fine aggregates and slope and elevation were measured and determined. Then species diversity was determined using multii-layer perceptron neural network, adaptive-fuzzy neural network and regression models. The results show that criteria such as root mean squire error and efficiency coefficient of the regression model were 0.14 and 0.39, in artificial neural network 0.07 and 0.86 and for adaptive- fuzzy neural network 0.09 and 0.7, respectively. that Shannon wiener index was 1.98 for the study area. The artificial neural network model as a powerful tool in predicting species diversity in comparison with the multiple linear regression analysis and neural network-fuzzy adaptive models showed reliable results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

506 - The effect of Canopy Cover, slope and direction of domain on continuing regeneration in zagross forest (case study: blooran. Koohdasht, lorestan)
koorosh nazarpoor fard mehdi zarooni vahid etemad manoochehr namiranian

The aim was to find out the relationships between three classes of regeneration(lower 0.5 m, 0.5 – 1.5m, and higher 1.5 m) with canopy cover percentage ( four classes: 1-5%, 5.1 – 12%, 12.1 – 25% and 25%<), slope (three classes: 0 – 30%, 30 &n More

The aim was to find out the relationships between three classes of regeneration(lower 0.5 m, 0.5 – 1.5m, and higher 1.5 m) with canopy cover percentage ( four classes: 1-5%, 5.1 – 12%, 12.1 – 25% and 25%<), slope (three classes: 0 – 30%, 30 – 60% and 60%<), and aspect (( four classes: N, S, E and W). In order to investigate the natural regeneration in the Zagros forests, a forest area of 200 ha located in Blouran region, West part of Kuhdasht city, was selected. A number of 90 sample plot with an area of 1000 m2  (network dimensions of 20×50 m) were sampled. Result showed that high forest regeneration was scarce relative to those of coppice. Q. Branti had maximum number of regeneration. The maximum number of regeneration was less than 0.5 m in height. Maximum number of regeneration  was  observed  in  the  canopy  cover  of  12.1  –  25%  class (65.13). The slope class of 30 – 60 percent showed the maximum number of regeneration in all height classes (73.59). Maximum regeneration in the South aspect, and this was the maximum number of.It is noteworthy to consider the natural regeneration of the Zagros forest with reference to seed development to regeneration as well as regeneration establishment in several physiography, climate and edaphic conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

507 - Monitoring of vegetation changes in Golestan province And a collection of international wetlands (Alma Gol, Alagol and Aji Gol) And the reasons are based on a two-time analysis of NDVI
Azita Mehrani Borhan Riazi Seyed Ahmad Mirbagheri Nematollah Khorasani

10.30495/iper.2022.679550

Understanding the rangeland ecosystem is the first step in managing these resources and determining land management and sustainable development programs.The aim of this study is to investigate the qualitative changes in the percentage of vegetation in the area of intern More

Understanding the rangeland ecosystem is the first step in managing these resources and determining land management and sustainable development programs.The aim of this study is to investigate the qualitative changes in the percentage of vegetation in the area of international wetlands of Golestan province. The study used Landstat satellite bands measuring TM and OLI during statistical years (1988-2018). In ENVI5.3 software, geometric correction and preliminary processing and FLASH algorithm were used for atmospheric corrections. To increase the accuracy of rangeland classification, NDVI map was prepared with TERSET software and And 4 classes of covered land (excellent, very good, good and poor) were obtained. The CROSSTAB technique also calculated changes during the years of study. Land area showed results The highest increase with very good vegetation is from 1540/93 to 2849.99 square kilometers And the largest reduction in area with well-covered lands was from 1369/46 to 68.94 square kilometers. During this time, the study area underwent changes The biggest reductions include the destruction of a well-covered class from 31.94 to 1.66 percent and its conversion to other users.Also, 13.46 square kilometers of good coverage has become poor coverage Which included the surrounding wetlands, rocky areas and rural areas.Good coverage that minimized area reduction There were pasture lands in use Class changes with good coverage indicated a reduction in area and vegetation And the temperature will rise The results showed that NDVI is a good measure for evaluating and monitoring vegetation changes and proper rangeland management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

508 - Effect of substrate and humic acid on some morphophysiological traits and water consumption of Carpobrotus edulis L. in a green roof system
Maliheh Rabbani Kheir Khah Fatemeh Kazemi

10.30495/iper.2021.1943937.1743

The health of plants in green roof conditions depends to a large extent on the supply of water required by plants. The composition of the substrate is effective in maintaining the moisture and making it available to the plant, and one of the solutions to reduce water co More

The health of plants in green roof conditions depends to a large extent on the supply of water required by plants. The composition of the substrate is effective in maintaining the moisture and making it available to the plant, and one of the solutions to reduce water consumption in the green roof is improving the substrate. In this study, water requirement and some morphophysiological traits of Carpobrotus edulis L. were studied under substrate and humic acid treatment. The research was conducted in green roof box conditions as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications from May to September 2020 in Mashhad. The first factor was substrate including Substrate 1 (soil 20% + 20% Leica + 20% perlite + mineral pumice + 20% leaf soil), Substrate 2 (substrate 1 + 6% by weight of bentonite), Substrate 3 (substrate 1+ 12% by weight of bentonite), soilless Substrate 4 (27% mineral pumice + 27% Leica + 27% perlite + 20% leaf soil), Substrate 5 (substrate 4 + 6% by weight bentonite), and Substrate 6 (substrate 4+ 12% by weight of bentonite). The second factor was the concentration of humic acid (0, 100, and 200 mg L-1) applied as fertigation every 15 days. Soil-containing substrates performed significantly better than soilless substrates and the highest coverage, root length, and volume of green roof plants were observed in substrate 3 (containing soil and 12% by weight of bentonite). The highest leaf water and chlorophyll contents and the lowest relative saturation deficit, carotenoids, phenols, and leaf carbohydrates were observed in Substrate 3, which show the physiological stability of the plant under stress conditions, was evident in substrate 3. Application of 200 mg/L humic acid was associated with the best growth and physiological performance of plants. A substrate rich in moisture and nutrients, including 20% Soil + 20% Leica + 20% perlite +20% mineral pumice + 12% w bentonite + 200 mg/L humic acid resulted in the plants with optimal water consumption. The presence of soil and mineral superabsorbent (bentonite) in the green roof substrate is especially important in terms of moisture retention, and of course, the supplementary nutrition of plants in the green roof also improves their performance in the green roof. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

509 - تاثیر عوامل توپوگرافی (شکل زمین) و اقلیمی بر تراکم و تاج پوشش گونة کرفس کوهی (Kelussia ) در منطقة کهگیلویه odoratissima Mozaff
اسفندیار جهانتاب عادل سپهری منصور مصداقی حسین بارانی

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Open Access Article

510 - بررسی تغییرات پوشش گیاهی در ارتباط با عوامل فیزیوگرافی رشته کوه دنا
زینب صالح پور عزیزاله جعفری کوخدان علی علیرضانژاد

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Open Access Article

511 - The study of wild pistachio growth sites in south Khorasan province
mj Seghatoleslami محسن Pouyan ، سید غلامرضا . Mousavi

Wild pistachio is one of the drought resistant species that grows in arid and semi- arid hilly areas. In addition to its industrial and feed uses, the plant species can affect biodiversity, especially in wildlife. The study of wild pistachio growth sites can help us to More

Wild pistachio is one of the drought resistant species that grows in arid and semi- arid hilly areas. In addition to its industrial and feed uses, the plant species can affect biodiversity, especially in wildlife. The study of wild pistachio growth sites can help us to reduce the damage of national capital. This investigation was conducted to study wild pistachio growth sites in south Khorasan province. The main locations where have wild pistachio are: Margh (suburb of Darmian), Chenesht (suburb of Sarbishah), Chahkand (suburb of Birjand), Shah Soleiman-e- Ali (suburb of Khoosf) and Afzal Abad (suburb of Nehbandan). In these locations, soil pH and texture were often alkaline and sandy- loam. The soil contained less sufficient nitrogen and phosphor. The observed wild pistachio trees in Margh and Chenesht belong to Pistacia atlantica and P. khinjuk, but there was any one species (P. atlantica) in other places. Afzal Abad and Margh had the highest number of wild pistachio trees. Young wild pistachio trees were not observed there, probably due to recent droughts. It is recommended planting and irrigating of wild pistachio seedlings in these two areas, for keeping and increasing of vegetation. Respect to exist seedling in Chahkand and Chenesht it can be concluded that wild pistachio vegetation can be developed in these two areas. As a result of spreading Recurvaria pistaciicola in some areas (especially, in Afzal Abad) it is necessary to study different control methods. In the case of economical revenue from these vegetations, it is recommended to study about resin extraction (especially, in Afzal Abad) and grafting of pistachio on wild pistachio. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

512 - The Application of Object- Based Image Analysis Approach for Land Use/Cover Change Modeling of Urban Growth within the City of Maragheh
Bakhtiar Fezizadeh Alireza Taheri

Land-use can be considered as a combination of physical, social, cultural, economic, and informational concept of every country. In fact, the land-use maps include ways for using land for human’s different needs. Since warning land-use maps and their updates are a More

Land-use can be considered as a combination of physical, social, cultural, economic, and informational concept of every country. In fact, the land-use maps include ways for using land for human’s different needs. Since warning land-use maps and their updates are as the most important goal in the management of lands, the use of remote sensing technology is the best way to extract the user's maps. The present study aims to employ HDR sensor with digital processing SPOT satellite images related to 2005 and satellite image obtained from the sensor of AVNIR, AlOS for 2011 to extract land use maps based on object-based image analysis approach. Accordingly, in the pre-processing step was spent on the image and in the processing phase after the detection of images, they were classified using object based advanced method. For the classification the function (the nearest neighborhood) and algorithms (hierarchical classification) were used. The method of image processing was object-based which was performed using spatial and spectral algorithms in knowledge-based manner at e-cognition software. In the next step, the validation step was performed and the accuracy of classification for 2005 was calculated to be 84 percent and for the year 2011 it was assessed to be about 81 percent. The results of this research are important for decision makers in this area for the task of regional planning and monitoring.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

513 - Investigating Women’s Covering and Hijab in Qajar Dynasty Reflecting upon the Works of Foreign Tourists of That Period (From Agha Mohammed Khan Kingdom to Mozafar-edin Shah Period)
Mohammad Reza Alam sakineh Donyari

Qajar dynasty is a historical period in which women had a particular type of hijab. Women always had a different position in the society from the ancient times up to Qajar dynasty. This particular position of women became even more prominent during Qajar dynasty. In thi More

Qajar dynasty is a historical period in which women had a particular type of hijab. Women always had a different position in the society from the ancient times up to Qajar dynasty. This particular position of women became even more prominent during Qajar dynasty. In this period, women always had hijab and wore chador with a mask over their face when they were present in the society. This study aims to investigate the social status of Iranian women including those in religious minorities – Armenians and Zoroastrians – from the kingdom of Agha Mohammed Khan toMozafar-edin Shah period reflecting upon the works of foreign tourists of that time. The main question raised here is how the foreign tourists narrated Iranian women’s, including those in religious minorities’, hijab. Having employed a descriptive-analytical methodology and the library resources, the findings of the present study show that the type of women’s hijab depended on their social class. The court or other rich women had more luxurious covering compared to ordinary women and there were some differences in their type of sewing, color, and jewelry. The women of religious minorities also had different coverings based on their religious beliefs. Armenian women often wore red and yellow, filigreed dresses and white chadors. They also wore masks over their mouths. Zoroastrian women had chadors and colorful headbands. Their clothes were mainly in silk and decorated with jewelry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

514 - ارزیابی کارایی شرکت های هواپیمایی با هدف کاهش پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی با روش تحلیل پوششی داده های دومرحله ای استوار با خروجی نامطلوب
فرهاد سنچولی سیداسماعیل نجفی فرهاد حسین زاده لطفی

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Open Access Article

515 - Efficiency of 4 stage supply chain in presence of non discretionary , undesirable and negative factors Using SBM model in DEA
mehdi shoga farhad hoseinzadeh lotfi امیر غلام ابری Alireza Rashidi Komijan

10.30495/eco.2020.1899015.2357

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a four-stage supply chain in the presence of uncontrollable, undesirable and negative data in the cement industry. For this purpose, the Slack-Based Measure (SBM) model in network data envelopment analysis is p More

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a four-stage supply chain in the presence of uncontrollable, undesirable and negative data in the cement industry. For this purpose, the Slack-Based Measure (SBM) model in network data envelopment analysis is presented to evaluate the performance of such chains. Then, 42 cement companies present in the stock exchange and securities, the corresponding chain of each of which has four stages of supplier, producer, distributor and customer, were evaluated during the period 1394-1394. Based on the implementation of the model, 5 companies have been efficient for three consecutive years and the efficiency score of the rest of them has been less than 1 in all years or some years. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

516 - A Bargaining Game Model for Estimating Efficiency of the Multi-stage Network with Fixed Cost Allocation and its Applications
Kayvan Moradipour Sanaz Asadi Rahmati Elham Abdali

10.30495/eco.2022.1941475.2579

 In this paper, a bargaining game model is extended to evaluate the efficiency of decision making units with a multi-stage network structure. Moreover, each stage of network data envelopment analysis (DEAN) is considered as a game player. Accordingly, the allocated More

 In this paper, a bargaining game model is extended to evaluate the efficiency of decision making units with a multi-stage network structure. Moreover, each stage of network data envelopment analysis (DEAN) is considered as a game player. Accordingly, the allocated fixed cost is divided among all the stages such that the best allocation is made to the best stage. With a newer idea, the intermediate stage in the data envelopment analysis of three-stage networks is considered as a common player in the bargaining game, so that the stage plays a significant role in maximizing the performance of network. Next, an alternative approach to allocating a common fixed cost in a multi-stage network based on the bargaining game is proposed. Finally, as direct apllication of the performance of the proposed models some examples are given. Manuscript profile

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517 - Bootstrap-DEA efficiency: Radial and non-radial approaches in the banking industry
mohamadreza pahle mahdi fathabadi parvane salatin

This article aims to assess the efficiency of 15 stock market banks over the period 2014-2022. Utilizing non-parametric radial efficiency (Debreu-Farrell efficiency) and non-radial efficiency (Russell efficiency) methods, we analyze constant, non-increasing, and variabl More

This article aims to assess the efficiency of 15 stock market banks over the period 2014-2022. Utilizing non-parametric radial efficiency (Debreu-Farrell efficiency) and non-radial efficiency (Russell efficiency) methods, we analyze constant, non-increasing, and variable return-to-scale technologies. Recognizing limitations within radial methods, bias-corrected technical efficiency is also estimated using bootstrap data envelopment analysis. Radial analysis reveals inefficiency among all banks except for the Middle East bank. The average Debreu-Farrell efficiency stands at 77% under constant return to scale and 82% under variable return to scale, while the average Russell efficiency is 58% and 67% respectively. These results suggest slack in Debreu-Farrell efficiency. Bootstrap efficiency findings reveal underestimation in both radial and non-radial efficiency, thereby overstating actual efficiency levels. Bias-corrected radial technical efficiency scores from the bootstrap approach indicate inefficiency across all banks, with Dey and Sarmaye banks exhibiting particularly poor performance. Thus, adopting appropriate strategies such as non-performing loan management, increased non-interest incomes, and reduced operational costs is imperative to enhance efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

518 - The Productivity of Energy and the Effective Factors on it. (Manufacturing Industries of IRAN)
Ebrahim Niknaghsh نقی شجاع Amir Gholam Abri Mohamad Mehdi Movahedi

The main goal of the present study is to evaluate the total energy productivity and the effective factors on 134 manufacturing industries in Iran with a four digit code and also ISIC international classification among 1385 to 1394. To do this, with data envelopment anal More

The main goal of the present study is to evaluate the total energy productivity and the effective factors on 134 manufacturing industries in Iran with a four digit code and also ISIC international classification among 1385 to 1394. To do this, with data envelopment analysis and Malmquist method the technical, technological efficiency and the total energy productivity are calculated on the manufacturing industries in Iran. And then by fixed effects method and generalized method of moments  (GMM),the effect factors on the total Energy Productivity was calculated. The results of the model showed that the total Manufacturing Industries experiences a technological positive growth, but some have been technically efficient. In all, the findings showed the growth of the total energy productivity in the manufacturing industries. The findings based on the model showed that variables such as skills, information communication technologies (ICT), research and development, physical capital and machinery and equipment , export and time are meaningful effect and just variable education is meaningless effect on the total energy productivity. Based on the results, reviewing the work style, improving managerial skills ,Government subsidized support of production and investment, imports tariff reduction of capital equipment and machinery of the industries with less energy consumption is recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

519 - Performance Evaluation Health Houses of Firouzkouh City by Using Data Envelopment Analysis
N. shoja A. Gholamabri N. khalili

Performance evaluation health houses of Firouzkouh City and consideration of their efficiency, is the main purpose of this study and it can help improving the efficiency of health houses  and determining appropriate strategies and programs to advancement and develo More

Performance evaluation health houses of Firouzkouh City and consideration of their efficiency, is the main purpose of this study and it can help improving the efficiency of health houses  and determining appropriate strategies and programs to advancement and development of these goals. In this study,  we have used the point of views of  the experts and professors of operation article and we studied the previous investigations to evaluate the performance of health houses. So, we determined 2 important inputs and 3 outputs  from March 2012 to March 2013. Then we evaluated their efficiency by CCR model and found that 5 heath houses among these 18 health houses obtained number 1 in efficiency houses . Finally we ranked the houses  based on  the efficiency by AP-CCR.  Finding showed that Arjomand, Mozdaran, and Jeliz Jand health houses allocated to the first three points respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

520 - Calculating the Sustainable Supply Chain Performance in the Cement Industry (Application of Network Data Envelopment Analysis Model)
mohammad hossein darvish motevally farhad hosseinzadeh lotfi نقی شجاع Amir Gholam Abri

The purpose of this paper is to present an appropriate model of data envelopment analysis with a network structure for evaluating the sustainability of the supply chain of cement companies present in the Iranian Stock Exchange during 2014-2015 and determine their produc More

The purpose of this paper is to present an appropriate model of data envelopment analysis with a network structure for evaluating the sustainability of the supply chain of cement companies present in the Iranian Stock Exchange during 2014-2015 and determine their productivity based on the Malmquist index. This model attempts to introduce sustainability criteria in the supply network with regard to quantitative and qualitative constraints as well as undesirable outputs and Through their measure of supply chain, results are more consistent with reality. Overall, the results indicate a decline in the total productivity of these companies; meanwhile, only 7 companies have maintained their performance and other companies have had a performance fluctuation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

521 - Evaluating the Efficiency of Social Security in Isfahan Province
amir gholamabri

Social security, as one of the largest insurance agencies covering 37 million people of the country population and 63 thousands employees by vast areas of insurance, medical and investment services, has vital effect on the social and economic structure of the country. C More

Social security, as one of the largest insurance agencies covering 37 million people of the country population and 63 thousands employees by vast areas of insurance, medical and investment services, has vital effect on the social and economic structure of the country. Consequently, the evaluation of this organization is of high significance. Moreover, DEA is a non-parametric method by solving linear programming problems for evaluating the performance of decision making units by multiple inputs and multiple outputs. In this paper, the efficiency of social security branches in Isfahan Province will be evaluated by DEA during 2011. In continue, efficient and inefficient units of this branch are identified and then efficient units will be ranked by Anderson and Peterson Model.   Manuscript profile

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522 - Evaluating the Effectiveness of Research Activities in Islamic Azad University Branches by Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
naghi shoja mohammad hosein darvish motevali

Abstract Given that the mission of Research Department of all universities and research institutions is to write and edit the research activities and develop or produce new sciences and change it into new technology, the evaluation of their research performance is ver More

Abstract Given that the mission of Research Department of all universities and research institutions is to write and edit the research activities and develop or produce new sciences and change it into new technology, the evaluation of their research performance is very important. In this paper, the performance of the research department in selected branches of Islamic Azad University is measured and compared in 3 periods during 2010-2013 by using without input model of DEA. So, 5 important research indicators are determined and considered based on DEMATEL technique. The Performance of the branches are calculated by a without input model of DEA and GAMS software and then ranked by Anderson-Peterson ranking method. During the first period, 4 branches including Takestan, Karaj, Firouzkouh and Varamin are efficient. During the second period, 5 branches Parand, Takestan, Roudehen, Karaj and Firouzkouh are efficient and at last, 4 branches are highly efficient during third period, naming Parand, Takestan, Qazvin and Firouzkouh. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

523 - Impact of Technological Progress and Efficiency Changes on the Productivity Growth of Iran Agriculture Sector: Data Envelopment Analysis
mahdi salarieh Amir Mohamadi Nejad Reza Moghaddasi

The aim of this paper is to study the impact of technological progress and efficiency changes on the productivity growth of Iran agriculture sector by separated provinces.So, by using Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist model, the impacts of technological and effici More

The aim of this paper is to study the impact of technological progress and efficiency changes on the productivity growth of Iran agriculture sector by separated provinces.So, by using Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist model, the impacts of technological and efficiency changes during 2005-2014 have been investigated. The results show that efficiency changes on the productivity growth has dominant role and technological changes share is less. The findings, also, showed that the impact of labor changes has a positive impact on productivity growth while capital changes have a negligible impact on the factors of production productivity.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

524 - Investigation of Using Anti-Reflecting Coatings in CZTS Solar Cells to Enhance the Light Absorption: Optimization by FDTD Method
Mina Mirzaei Javas Hasanzadeh Ali Abdolahzadeh Ziabari Mehdi Mirzaei

In the few past years, Solar cells based on Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) are very promising thin-film solar cells due to their appropriate absorption coefficient and optical band gap, low-cost, non-radioactive and environmental friendly behavior. However, CZTS devices show poor eff More

In the few past years, Solar cells based on Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) are very promising thin-film solar cells due to their appropriate absorption coefficient and optical band gap, low-cost, non-radioactive and environmental friendly behavior. However, CZTS devices show poor efficiency and identifying deficiencies and making improvements is necessary. In the present study, various anti-reflection coatings at the top surface of the solar cell were proposed. Minimization of the reflectance is carried out to optimize the thickness of ARC layers using Lumerical software. The density of the short-circuit photocurrent increases from 18.4 mA.cm−2 for solar cells without an antireflection coating to 36 mA.cm−2 for those with MgF2 layer coating. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

525 - Evaluating the Effectiveness of Tehran Hospitals in Attracting Medical Tourists through Grey Relational Analysis
ebtehal zandi Mohanna Nikbin

Medical tourism presents opportunities for hospitals to leverage their potential in providing services. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), known for its comprehensive and high accuracy, plays a vital role in analyzing relative efficiency and measuring the performance of t More

Medical tourism presents opportunities for hospitals to leverage their potential in providing services. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), known for its comprehensive and high accuracy, plays a vital role in analyzing relative efficiency and measuring the performance of tourism industries. This study employs DEA to determine the efficiency of IPD-licensed hospitals in the field of medical tourism. The BCC and CCR output models are utilized, and gray ratio analysis is employed to compare and rank the effective units. The findings reveal that, based on the CCR model, eight out of 52 IPD-licensed hospitals in medical tourism demonstrate efficiency, while based on the BCC model, 18 hospitals exhibit efficiency, indicating inefficiency among the remaining hospitals. Furthermore, the study identifies and suggests referral hospitals based on the inefficient hospital model. It can be concluded that the return-to-fastness model is more stringent than the return-to-scale model, encompassing a smaller number of efficient units. Additionally, the calculated efficiency for each hospital in this model is lower than that in the return-to-scale model. Consequently, it is crucial for relevant managers to utilize the results of this method to enhance the efficiency of their hospitals. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

526 - Biofouling of Reverse Osmosis Membranes in a Petrochemical Complex: Possibility of Anti-Microbial Coating Based on Initial Experimental Results: A Case Study
Kiana Alasvand

10.30495/bioem.2023.2002675.1023

AbstractIn this root cause analysis, biofouling of membranes in the reverse osmosis (RO) unit of a Petrochemical Complex is studied. The overall cause of getting biofouling was found to be inappropriate water treatment of Pre-RO systems. More specifically, the undertrea More

AbstractIn this root cause analysis, biofouling of membranes in the reverse osmosis (RO) unit of a Petrochemical Complex is studied. The overall cause of getting biofouling was found to be inappropriate water treatment of Pre-RO systems. More specifically, the undertreatment of water by sand filters, pressurized filters, and cartridges caused increased microbial contamination on RO membranes, leading to biofouling. Biodegradation of polymers is a mechanism by which the act of microorganisms will cause loss of mechanical integrity in such materials. It is important to understand the mechanism and look for ways by which such a mechanism can be controlled. The following were advised to control biofouling in the RO system of this Petrochemical complex 1. Chemical washing of sand filters as pressurized filters as well as RO membranes, 2. Application of UV or removal of chemical chlorination and installation of non-oxidizing biocides after chlorination,3. Replacement of Phosphorus-containing anticalins instead of non-phosphorus sealants,4. Application of superhydrophobic anti-microbial coatings on membranes Manuscript profile

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527 - Ranking method for efficient units by RPA and TOPSIS in DEA
فرزاد رضائی بالف

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528 - The Application of Data Envelopment Analysis in Fuzzy Queuing Models
Najmeh Malekmohammadi

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529 - بررسی اثر پوشش‌دهی بذر با مواد شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی بر جوانه‌زنی بذر زیره سبز (Cuminum Cyminum L.)
سارا بیدل

10.30495/jsr.2022.1908608.1197

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Open Access Article

530 - مقایسه تیمارهای سرمادهی، اسیدسولفوریک، خراش‌دهی، نیترات پتاسیم و هیدروپرایمینگ بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و فعالیت آنزیم آلفا آمیلاز بذر درختچه مورد (Myrtus communis L.)
زینب کیهان پور محمدرضا صالحی سلمی

10.30495/jsr.2022.1945704.1226

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531 - Evaluation Of The Effect Of Icing With Pullulan and Bay Leaf Extract On The Shelf Life of Rainbow Trout During Storage In The Freezer
Oriana Zarabi Mohammad Ahmadi Masoud Hedayati Fard Leila Golestan Ayyoub Farhadi

10.30495/jfst.2021.1931047.1722

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532 - تأثیر پوشش خوراکی متیل سلولز بر خصوصیات کیفی و میکروبی خرمای کبکاب
لیلا بهبهانی محمدرضا اصلاحی

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533 - بررسی ویژگی های ساختاری و ضد باکتریایی پوشش خوراکی کامپوزیت زئین/نانوکیتین
اسماعیل عطای صالحی مریم سلطانی

10.30495/jfst.2021.680646

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534 - The Effect of Starch Coating and Hot Water Treatment on the Quality and Shelf Life of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum)
Saeid Gelyani Elham Danaiee

10.30495/jfst.2022.1965400.1813

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535 - Comparative Study of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Composite Coating and Nano Coating of Chitosan- cress Seed Gum
Mahroo Esmaeili Peiman Ariayi Leila Roozbeh Nasiraie Maryam Yousef Pour

10.30495/jfst.2020.1891527.1609

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536 - Evaluation of the Effect of Chitosan-chia Gumwith Bay Leaf Essential Oil on the Fillet Quail Shelf Life During Refrigerated Storage
Motahhareh Eslamian Amiri Mohammad Ahmadi Peiman Ariayi Leila Golestan Azadeh Ghorbani Hasan Sarayi

10.30495/jfst.2021.1932309.1725

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537 - مقایسه تأثیر عصاره مریم گلی و زیره سبز در جلوگیری از توکسین زایی قارچ آسپرژیلوس فلاووس در مغز پسته
حمید توکلی پور لیلا زیرجانی مجید جوانمرد داخلی

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538 - بررسی اثر افزودن صمغ های دانه ریحان و زانتان و تیمار فراصوت بر میزان جذب روغن و خواص کیفی ناگت مرغ
سید علی مرتضوی سپیده یوسف زاده ثانی

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539 - The effect of chitosan edible coating containing garlic extract and coriander essential oil on microbial and sensory properties of rainbow trout fillet in refrigerated storage
Maryam Foromandi Mohammadreza Khani

Fish is a highly perishable food and it seems necessary to use natural preservative with antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan coating with garlic extract and coriander essential on microbial and sensory quality of rainbow trout f More

Fish is a highly perishable food and it seems necessary to use natural preservative with antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan coating with garlic extract and coriander essential on microbial and sensory quality of rainbow trout fillet during 12 days at refrigerator storage condition. For this purpose, 8 treatments were prepared with chitosan coating containing garlic extract and coriander essential oil both separately and in combination forms (in amounts of 0.1 and 0.5%) and 2 control samples including control 1 (without coating) and control 2 (chitosan coating without extract and essential oil). Then all samples were evaluated by microbiological tests including total microbial counts, total psychotropic counts, and coliforms, and sensory properties including texture, color, odor, and overall acceptance at days of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 during storage. The results showed that the treatment coated with chitosan containing 0.5% garlic extract and 0.5% coriander essential oil had the lowest total microbial counts, total psychotropic counts and coliforms during 12 days of storage, and the highest amounts of microbial counts were observed in control 1 and then control 2 samples (P<0.05). Also the treatment with the highest amounts of garlic extract and coriander essential oil had better sensory scores by the end of storage period compared to control samples. So, it is suggested that chitosan coating with garlic extract and coriander essential oil as an antimicrobial agent, can be used for extending shelf-life of fish fillet. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

540 - Effects of whey protein isolate coating enriched with Lysozyme on the microbial quality of chicken fillets during refrigerated storage.
najmeh moghimi

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of whey protein isolate with Lysozyme on the shelf-life of chicken fillets during refrigerated storage. Chicken fillets were treated in whey protein isolate and whey protein isolate containing 0.5, 1 % Lysozyme and com More

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of whey protein isolate with Lysozyme on the shelf-life of chicken fillets during refrigerated storage. Chicken fillets were treated in whey protein isolate and whey protein isolate containing 0.5, 1 % Lysozyme and compared with chicken fillets without any coating (control) with 3 replicates were prepared. The microbial parameters (Total bacterial Mesophilic, Enterobacteriaceae, Psychrotroph and Pseudomonas spp count) were evaluated for 12 days. Results showed that during the storage time, in the samples coated with whey protein isolate containing different concentration of Lysozyme, a significant reduction (p< 0.05) were observed in the entire evaluated microorganism groups compared to the control samples. Also a dose related trend was observed due to addition of Lysozyme. Overall the findings of present study suggest that whey protein isolate contain with Lysozyme, may use as a natural coating and preservative to extend the chicken meat shelf life. Manuscript profile

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541 - Anti-mold properties of alginate coating incorporating essential oil of Pistacia atlantica subsp. kurdica on bread
Elham Ahmadipoor samira bahramian

Antimicrobial agents can be incorporated into edible films and coatings to reduce the risk of microbial growth on food surfaces. This offers advantages such as the use of small antimicrobial concentrations and low diffusion rates. Therefore, this study aimed to determin More

Antimicrobial agents can be incorporated into edible films and coatings to reduce the risk of microbial growth on food surfaces. This offers advantages such as the use of small antimicrobial concentrations and low diffusion rates. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antifungal effect of Pistacia atlantica subsp. Kurdica essential oil in sodium alginate coating against Penicillium chrysogenum growth in bread. First, minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oil (EO) against mold was determined by agar dilution method. Then, the EO with or without alginate coating was applied on bread surface and the percent inhibition of radial growth was determined. The results showed that Bene’s EO at concentration of 25 mL/L inhibits the mold growth. At concentration of 125 mL/L of EO on bread surface, without alginate coating 71.28% and with alginate 74.45% mold growth inhibition was observed. Manuscript profile

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542 - Study of the effect of essential oils in controlling of blue and green molds rot in orange fruit
Abolfazl Golshan Tafti Gholamreza Baradaran

Green and blue mold rot diseases caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum are the most important postharvest diseases of citrus fruit. In this research, the use of some essential oils (Cuminumcyminum, Zataria multiflora, Mentha piperita) to control blue More

Green and blue mold rot diseases caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum are the most important postharvest diseases of citrus fruit. In this research, the use of some essential oils (Cuminumcyminum, Zataria multiflora, Mentha piperita) to control blue and green molds in orange fruits was investigated. Valencia and Jiroft Local oranges were dipped in Penicillium italicum and P. digitatum suspension and were put in waxy papers sprayed with the essential oils at three levels (1, 2.5 and 5%), and thiabendazole fungicide (TBZ) 0.2%. Control fruits were put in waxy papers without any treatments. Then, all the fruits were stored at 8 oC and 85-90% relative humidity for 3 months. Essential oils of Cuminumcyminum (cumin)and Zataria multiflora (Shiraz origanum) were effective on control of blue and green molds in orange varieties at the levels of 5% and 1, 2.5 and 5%, respectively. These treatments had no significant differences with thiabendazole fungicide. The treatments containing mint essential oil had the highest level of rot by blue and green molds. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the essential oils did not make any special taste in orange varieties. Essential oil of Shiraz origanum in different levels caused improper appearance in the skin of orange varieties and as a result, they obtained the fewer score in the sensory attributes (texture, acceptability). Therefore, for increasing the storage-life of Valencia and Jiroft Local oranges, application of waxy paper containing 5% of cumin essential oil was recommended. Manuscript profile

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543 - The effect of chia seed mucilage containing different concentrations of aqueous olive leaf extract on the shelf life of chicken fillets in the refrigerator
Fereshteh Akhavan Mahdi Sharifi Soltani Shahin Zomorodi sara jafarian Asghar Khosrowshahi asl

10.30495/jfm.2022.682749

Enzymatic, chemical and microbial activities in chicken in the refrigerator lead to spoilage and reduced product quality. In this regard, the use of edible coatings with antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds is an effective way to keep the quality of meat. In this stu More

Enzymatic, chemical and microbial activities in chicken in the refrigerator lead to spoilage and reduced product quality. In this regard, the use of edible coatings with antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds is an effective way to keep the quality of meat. In this study, the effect of chia seed mucilage coating containing 0, 15 and 30 percent aqueous extracts of olive leaves on quality of chicken fillets was investigated at the refrigerator (4°C) during 12 days of storage. During storage at intervals of 1, 4, 8 and 12 days, microbial counts (Lactic acid bacteria, aerobic mesophilic, psychotropic and coliforms) and volatile nitrogen bases, pH and sensory evaluation of treatments were determined. The results showed that during storage, the count of aerobic mesophilic and psychotropic bacteria, coliforms and lactic acid bacteria and the volatile nitrogen bases and pH in chicken fillet increased, which was less in samples coated with chia seed mucilage containing olive leaf extract than the other treatments (p<0.01). According to the results of sensory evaluation, on the 4th day of storage, no significant difference in overall acceptability was observed between the samples (P>0.05). However, on the 8th day of storage, the control and sample coated by chia seed mucilage did not obtain the required overall acceptability score. According to the results obtained of this study, using the mucilage coating of chia seeds containing 30 percent of aqueous olive leaf extract, it is possible to increase the shelf life of chicken fillets at 4 °C for 8 days. Manuscript profile

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544 - The Edible Coatings Role on the Microbial Activity of Mozafati Date Fruits
mahdokht arjmand kermani fereshteh salajagheh behjat tajeddin

10.30495/jfm.2022.1942845.1739

Maintaining the desired quality of dates, clearing them of contaminants and proper packaging to increase shelf life are among the priorities of the country. Since the use of edible coatings with vegetable oils is one of the ways to prevent the growth of microorganisms, More

Maintaining the desired quality of dates, clearing them of contaminants and proper packaging to increase shelf life are among the priorities of the country. Since the use of edible coatings with vegetable oils is one of the ways to prevent the growth of microorganisms, was used natural polymers including zein and chitosan, alone and along with pimpernel oil on microbial activity of Mazafati date fruits, for one year at 4 and -18°C and the second year at 10°C was investigated. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and Duncan's mean comparison was performed. The results showed that this dates with 32% moisture content had a high microbial load. The fungi of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopu stolonifers, and Alternaria alternata were grown on it. These fungi, in particular Aspergillus niger, were involved in its rotting and lactic acid bacteria in its rancidity. By doing this research, the number of Aspergillus niger fungi was reduced by logarithmic three cycles using zein and chitosan edible coatings with pimpernel oil; and penicillium fungi were completely eliminated. In general, the lowest number of microbial growth was observed in Zein treatment 362.5 & 150 log cfu/g , in the first and second years respectively, and the highest number was observed in the control sample 10750 & 1025 log cfu/g. The use of anise oil also had an effect on reducing the overall count of microorganisms. Finally, according to the microbial results, the use of zein treatment is recommended. Manuscript profile

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545 - The antimicrobial effect of basil seed mucilage-ZnO nanocomposite coating on the quality of cheddar cheese during ripening
Sahar Kheirkhah Foghara sara jafarian Shahin Zomorodi Leila Roozbeh Asghar Khosrowshahi asl

Cheddar cheese is a hard type of cheese. It is coated traditionally by a special wax. Commercial coating materials which are used for coating are non-edible as a result they are undesirable due to environmental pollution and allergies caused in some consumers. Today, bi More

Cheddar cheese is a hard type of cheese. It is coated traditionally by a special wax. Commercial coating materials which are used for coating are non-edible as a result they are undesirable due to environmental pollution and allergies caused in some consumers. Today, biodegradable films are receiving more attention. In this study, the effect of edible coating of basil seed mucilage containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) in three levels of zero, 0.25 and 0.5% on the quality properties of cheddar cheese was investigated during ripening for 90 days. The results of experiments showed that at the end of ripening, the highest amount of salt and fat and the lowest amount of moisture were related to the sample with mucilage coating containing 0.5% of ZnO-NP. Also, during ripening, in all samples the number of non-starter lactic acid bacteria increased, but the number of starter bacteria increased first and then decreased (p < 0.01). Also, in all treatments, the total number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Pseudomonas, mold and yeast increased significantly during storage, which was the lowest in samples with coating containing ZnO-NP (p < 0.01). In addition, ZnO-NP coatings prevented mold growth on the surface of cheddar cheese samples. According to the results obtained of this study, basil seed mucilage containing 0.5% ZnO-NP can be used as a coating in cheddar cheese without any adverse effect on the flavor of cheese. Manuscript profile

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546 - ارزیابی کارایی شاخص‌های کیفیت زندگی شهری (مطالعه موردی: نواحی شهر تهران)
مهدی مدیری سید احمد حسینی دیمن کاشفی دوست

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547 - مکان‌یابی بهینه و کارای احداث کارخانه کنسانتره دام و طیور در شهرستان میامی هم‌راستا با متغیرهای جغرافیای صنعتی-اقتصادی و آمایش استان سمنان
طاهره سیار مجتبی غیاثی جعفر فتحعلی سعید آیباغی اصفهانی

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548 - توسعه واحدهای مرغداری گوشتی منطقه بستک با تاکید بر کارآیی در راستای توسعه اقتصادی منطقه
وحید دهباشی محمد خیری مرضیه سیوندی

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549 - نوعی رویکرد برای رتبه DMU های کارا در تحلیل پوششی داده ها بر اساس ترکیبی از نورم بی نهایت و منهتن
شکرالله زیاری مناف شریف زاده

در بسیاری از برنامه های کاربردی، تبعیض در میان واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده (DMU) ها یک روش کار فنی مشکل ساز برای تصمیم گیرندگان در تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) است. مدل های DEA قادر به تمایز قائل شدن میان DMU های به شدت کارآمد نمی باشد. از این رو، علاقه رو به رشد در بهبود قدرت تب More

در بسیاری از برنامه های کاربردی، تبعیض در میان واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده (DMU) ها یک روش کار فنی مشکل ساز برای تصمیم گیرندگان در تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) است. مدل های DEA قادر به تمایز قائل شدن میان DMU های به شدت کارآمد نمی باشد. از این رو، علاقه رو به رشد در بهبود قدرت تبعیض در  DEA هنوز وجود دارد. هدف از این مقاله رتبه بندی DMU های بسیار کارآ در تحلیل پوششی داده ها ها بر اساس بهره برداری از  یک ایده و ترکیب منهتن و نورم بی نهایت با بازده به مقیاس ثابت و متغیر است. روش پیشنهادی در برخی از روش های رتبه بندی قادر به غلبه بر مشکلات موجود است. Manuscript profile

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550 - مقایسـه کارایـی شـرکتهای انتقـال نیـرو در صنعـت برق ایـران با اسـتفاده از روشهای مرسـوم و تحلیل پوششـی دادههای شـبکه ای
کامبیز شاهرودی محمد رضا خسروی

ایـن مطالعـه یـک مطالعـه کاربردی اسـت که بـه منظور بررسـی و مقایسـه کارایی شـرکتهای برق منطقهای ایران با اسـتفاده از روشهای تحلیل پوششـی دادههای مرسـوم و شـبکیه انجام شـده اسـت. شـرکتهای بـرق منطقـهای ایـران از فرایند دو مرحلـهای بـرای انتقـال نیـرو اسـتفاده میکنند. با More

ایـن مطالعـه یـک مطالعـه کاربردی اسـت که بـه منظور بررسـی و مقایسـه کارایی شـرکتهای برق منطقهای ایران با اسـتفاده از روشهای تحلیل پوششـی دادههای مرسـوم و شـبکیه انجام شـده اسـت. شـرکتهای بـرق منطقـهای ایـران از فرایند دو مرحلـهای بـرای انتقـال نیـرو اسـتفاده میکنند. با اسـتفاده از رویکـرد کاربردی، عملکـرد و کارایـی ایـن شـرکتها بـا روشهـای شـبکهای و مرسـوم اندازهگیری شـد و با یکدیگر مقایسـه شـد. (BCC ورودی-محور). مشـخص شـد که مدلهای شـبکه در مقایسـه بـا روشهـای دیگـر از آنجـا کـه تصویـر واضـح از کارایـی شـرکتهای بـرق منطقـهای را فراهـم میکنـد ،گسـتردهتر هسـتند. نتایـج آزمـون ویلکاکسـون نشـان میدهـد کـه بیـن نمـرات کارآیی شـرکتهای بـرق منطقهای ایـران بـا اسـتفاده ازروش BCC و روشهای شـبکه تفـاوت معناداری وجـود دارد و بررسـی کیفیـت تفـاوت نمـرات نیـز نشـان میدهد کـه کارایـی شـرکتها در مدل شـبکه پایینتـر از نمـرات کارایـی مدل BCC اسـت. به طور کلی، مدلهای شـبکه دارای کاربـرد بالاتـری نسـبت بـه ارائـه یـک تصویر واضـح از کارایی شـرکتهای بـرق منطقـهای و مقایسـه دقیقتر آنها هسـتند.  Manuscript profile

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551 - تحلیـل پوششـی دادههـا از شبیهسـازی بـر روی شـبکه QCD بـا اسـتفاده از مـدل CCR
محمد حسین درویش متولی

یکـی از اصـول بسـیار جـدی در تیـوری تولیـد اقتصادی اصـل «بهرهوری» اسـت. بـه عبـارت سـاده، کارایـی را میتـوان بـه عنـوان تقاضـا کـه به اهـداف مـورد نظر (خروجـی) بـا حداقـل اسـتفاده از منابـع موجود به دسـت آورد تعریف کـرد (ورودی). بـه منظور، تشـخیص کارایی نسـب More

یکـی از اصـول بسـیار جـدی در تیـوری تولیـد اقتصادی اصـل «بهرهوری» اسـت. بـه عبـارت سـاده، کارایـی را میتـوان بـه عنـوان تقاضـا کـه به اهـداف مـورد نظر (خروجـی) بـا حداقـل اسـتفاده از منابـع موجود به دسـت آورد تعریف کـرد (ورودی). بـه منظور، تشـخیص کارایی نسـبی واحدهای سـازمانی با چنـد ورودی جهت تولید خروجیهـای متعـدد، روش «تحلیل پوششـی دادهها» (DEA) توسـط چارنز، کوپر و رودز معرفـی شـد. در واقـع، تحلیـل پوششـی دادههـا برنامهنویسـی ریاضی خطی کـه بـه محاسـبه کارایی یـک سـازمان در یک گـروه در رابطـه با مشـاهده بهترین عمـل در آن گـروه اسـت. بر خـلاف تجزیه و تحلیل آمـاری رایج کـه در زمینه های مرکـزی مسـتقراند؛ آن یـک روش جهـت دار در مرز اسـت. اخیرا یکـی از زمینه های مـورد علاقـه در تحقیـق در عملیـات شـده اسـت. تاریخچه انگیـزهای بـرای ما در ایـن مقالـه بـود، از طریق اجـرای مـدل CCR در نرم افـزار حل کننـده DEA. تحلیـل پوششـی داده هـا حاضـر شبیه سـازی در شـبکه QCD  با وسـعت زمانی به ترتیـب Nt=4,6. تعجـب آور ایـنکـه نتایـج بـرای هـر دو مـورد بـه دسـت آمده، ایـن حقیقـت را کـه مجموعـه دادههـای کارآمـد متعلـق بـه مناطق درجـه حرارت بـالا را نشـان میدهـد. توجـه داشـته باشـید کـه اطلاعـات به دسـت آمده در دمـای بحرانـی کارآمـد می باشـد.همانطـور کـه از شـبکه QCD عملـی انتظـار میرود، مـدل DEA-CCR ارائـه شـده در ایـن مقاله نیز ایـن واقعیت را تاییـد میکند که بهتریـن مجموعـه داده ناشـی از شبیه سـازی در حـد پیوسـته 0→ a. در واقـع، بـا در نظـر گرفتـن محـدوده ناپدید شـدن فاصله شـبکه، کارایـی الگوریتـم را میتوان بیشـتر کرد. Manuscript profile

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552 - انتخاب وزن ها برای یک رتبه بندی کامل واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده در تحلیل پوششی داده ها و ارزیابی متقاطع
پریچهر زمانی

تحلیل پوششی داده های (DEA) مرسوم به تصمیم گیرنده‌ها (DM) کمک می‌کند تا یک گروه همگن از واحدهای تصمیم‌گیرنده‌ی (DMU) کارا و ناکارا را مشخص نمایند. به هرحال، تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها اطلاعات زیادی در مورد واحدهای تصمیم‌گیرنده کارا نمی‌دهد. یکی از موضوعات جالب تحقیق، تفاوت قایل More

تحلیل پوششی داده های (DEA) مرسوم به تصمیم گیرنده‌ها (DM) کمک می‌کند تا یک گروه همگن از واحدهای تصمیم‌گیرنده‌ی (DMU) کارا و ناکارا را مشخص نمایند. به هرحال، تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها اطلاعات زیادی در مورد واحدهای تصمیم‌گیرنده کارا نمی‌دهد. یکی از موضوعات جالب تحقیق، تفاوت قایل شدن بین واحدهای تصمیم‌گیرنده کارا است. هدف این مقاله رتبه بندی همه‌ی واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده کارا (رأسی و غیر رأسی) مبنی بر تعریف اندیس جدیدی است که از تعاریف اساسی مدل ها بدست آمده است. روش مطرح شده توانایی حذف کاستی های موجود در بعضی از روشهای رتبه بندی را دارد و به همین دلیل سهم جدیدی در مبحث رتبه بندی تحلیل پوششی داده ها را داراست. Manuscript profile

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553 - شاخص بهره وری مالم کوئیست با استفاده از مدل تحلیل پوششی داده های دو مرحله ای در بیمارستانهای قلب
علی رضا علینژاد میرپویا میرمظفری

بیماران قلبی علائم متعددی را نشان می دهند و اشاره به آنها دشوار است. تحلیل پوشش داده ها ((DEA یک درجه کارایی مقایسه ای برای هر واحد تصمیم گیری  (DMU) با چند ورودی و خروجی فراهم می کند. ارزیابی بیمارستان ها یکی از برنامه های کاربردی عمده در DEA است. در این مطالعه، م More

بیماران قلبی علائم متعددی را نشان می دهند و اشاره به آنها دشوار است. تحلیل پوشش داده ها ((DEA یک درجه کارایی مقایسه ای برای هر واحد تصمیم گیری  (DMU) با چند ورودی و خروجی فراهم می کند. ارزیابی بیمارستان ها یکی از برنامه های کاربردی عمده در DEA است. در این مطالعه، مقایسه مدل جمعی با شاخص بهره وری مالم کوئیست (MPI) ورودی محور و خروجی مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. MPI برای اندازه گیری رشد بهره وری نسبت به تکنولوژی مرجع محاسبه شده است. در محاسبه رشد MPI دو موضوع اصلی مطرح می شود. چه چیزی به طور کلی به عنوان اثر پیشروی و یا تغییر کارایی فنی (TEC) و اثر "تغییر مرز" یا تغییرات تکنولوژیکی (TC) اشاره می شود. داده ها شامل یک دوره شش ساله از سال 2011 تا 2016 برای 15 بیمارستان قلب محلی است. دو ورودی، یک عامل میانی  و دو خروجی در مدل دو مرحلهای انتخاب شده و این عوامل نشان دهنده عملکرد اصلی بیمارستانها است. تبدیل مدل دو مرحله ای به مدل تک مرحله ای معرفی شده است.این مدل برای اصلاح کارایی یک فرآیند دو مرحله ای وجلوگیری از وابستگی به وزنهای مختلف پیشنهادشده است. در نهایت، نتایج نشان داد که میانگین هندسی MPI در کارایی فنی خالص ورودی محور  در بیمارستان دهم (2.1517) به عنوان بالاترین  عملکرد بیمارستان  با بالاترین میزان  رشد بهره وری معرفی شده است. Manuscript profile

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554 - ارزیابی علمکرد شعبات بانک با استفاده از روش dea و رگرسیون tobit: مورد مطالعاتی شعبات بانک کشاورزی استان گیلان
حمیدرضا علیپور غلامرضا محفوظی محسن شفیعیان شیوا رضاییان

در این مطالعه سعی کردیم تا با استفاده از روش تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) به بررسی میزان کارایی‌های فنی، فنی خالص و مقیاس در 12 شعبه‌ی (شعبات سرپرستی) بانک‌ کشاورزی در استان گیلان در دورة زمانی 2012 تا 2016 بپردازیم. نتایج اولیه حکایت از آن دارد که که در دورة موردمطالعه، س More

در این مطالعه سعی کردیم تا با استفاده از روش تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) به بررسی میزان کارایی‌های فنی، فنی خالص و مقیاس در 12 شعبه‌ی (شعبات سرپرستی) بانک‌ کشاورزی در استان گیلان در دورة زمانی 2012 تا 2016 بپردازیم. نتایج اولیه حکایت از آن دارد که که در دورة موردمطالعه، سهم عدم‌کارایی مقیاس در عدم‌کارایی فنی کل بیش از عدم‌کارایی فنی خالص بود. نتایج مربوط به بازدهی به مقیاس حاکی از آن است که بازدهی کاهشی نسبت به مقیاس مهمترین شکل عدم‌کارایی مقیاس است. در ادامه رگرسیون مقادیر کارایی فنی کل حاصل از روش DEA ، نسبت به چهار عامل مؤثر بر کارایی بانک (شامل اندازة بانک، سودآوری ، کفایت سرمایه و نقدینگی ) توسط روش Tobit تحلیل شد. چهار متغیر موردبررسی تأثیرات متفاوتی بر کارایی داشتند. اندازة شعب ارتباط غیرمعنی‌دار و منفی با کارایی فنی دارد و بنابراین، تأثیری بر کارایی ندارد. سودآوری مهمترین پارامتر در کارایی شعب بود و بعد از آن، نقدینگی شعب در مقام بعدی قرار داشت. سودآوری و نقدینگی شعب تأثیرات مثبت معنی‌دار بر کارایی دارند. به عبارت دیگر، شعبات بزرگتر و سودآورتر کارایی فنی بالاتری دارند Manuscript profile

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555 - کاربرد تکنیک های ابر کارایی در اندازه گیری کارایی شعب بانک (مورد مطالعه:بانک ملی استان گیلان )
میترا صفری منصور صوفی مهدی همایونفر

در دنیای رقابتی امروز، بسیاری از شرکتهای تولیدی و خدماتی از جمله بانک ها، ناگزیر شده اند به رویکردهای جدید مدیریتی و روش های ارزیابی عملکرد سازمانی رو بیاورند. از جمله این رویکردها، رویکرد تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) است که از سال 1978 در ارزیابی عملکرد سازمان‌ها مورد است More

در دنیای رقابتی امروز، بسیاری از شرکتهای تولیدی و خدماتی از جمله بانک ها، ناگزیر شده اند به رویکردهای جدید مدیریتی و روش های ارزیابی عملکرد سازمانی رو بیاورند. از جمله این رویکردها، رویکرد تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) است که از سال 1978 در ارزیابی عملکرد سازمان‌ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. هدف این تحقیق، کاربرد تکنیک های ابر کارایی در اندازه گیری کارایی شعب بانک (مورد مطالعه:بانک ملی استان گیلان) می باشد. در این پژوهش از مدل ورودی محور تحلیل پوششی داده ها در فرم تحت بازده به مقیاس ثابت  و مدی ابرکارایی اندرسون – پیرسون (AP) برای اندازه گیری کارایی شعب درجه 1،2و3  بانک ملی استان گیلان در سال 1394 پرداخته شده است به طور خلاصه نتایج نشان داد که میانگین امتیاز کارایی شعب مورد بررسی در سال 1394 ،0.75 می باشد، شعبه ی درجه یک گلسار رشت به عنوان کاراترین مورد بررسی و بندر کیاشهر به دلیل احتساب امتیاز کارایی 0.8 و پاییین تر از میانگین کل شعب به عنوان ناکاراترین شعبه معرفی شد. نتایج نشان داد  که  مهم‌ترین عامل در ضعف مدیریت هزینه‌ی شعب ناکارا مربوط به هزینه تبلیغات و بازاریابی و بیشترین ضعف در برنامه ریزی مربوط به  حوزه ی  آموزش کارکنان شعب ناکارا بوده است. Manuscript profile

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556 - یک اندازه ورودی محور شعاعی برای بازده به مقیاس تجمعی
رضا کاظمی متین رزا عزیز مهدی میرجابری

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557 - تخمین ورودیها و خروجیها در تحلیل پوششی داده های معکوس
سعید قبادی

در این مطالعه سوال زیر مد نظر قرار گرفته است: در میان یک دسته از واحد های تصمیم گیرنده، اگر تصمیم گیرنده ملزم به افزایش ورودیها و خروجیهای یک واحد خاص باشد بطوریکه سطح کارایی آن بخواهد حفظ یا بهبود یابد، چگونه ورودی و خروجی این واحد می بابیستی افزایش یابد؟این سوال به عن More

در این مطالعه سوال زیر مد نظر قرار گرفته است: در میان یک دسته از واحد های تصمیم گیرنده، اگر تصمیم گیرنده ملزم به افزایش ورودیها و خروجیهای یک واحد خاص باشد بطوریکه سطح کارایی آن بخواهد حفظ یا بهبود یابد، چگونه ورودی و خروجی این واحد می بابیستی افزایش یابد؟این سوال به عنوان یک مسئله در تحلیل پوششی داده های معکوس لحاظ شده و روشی برای حل آن معرفی شده است. شرایط لازم و کافی برای تخمین ورودیها و خروجیها بر اساس جوابهای پارتو(ضعیف) از مسائل برنامه ریزی خطی چند هدفی تبیین شده است. با در نظر گرفتن دادههای واقعی (برای انتخاب یک استراتژی مناسب برای گسترش گروه های آموزشی در دانشگاه ) یک کاربرد از تحلیل پوششی دادههای معکوس ارائه گردیده است. علاوه براین، دو مفهوم جدید بهینگی" نیمه پاراتو و نیمه پاراتو ضعیف" برای مسائل برنامه ریزی چند هدفی معرفی شده است. این مفاهیم برای پاسخ به سوال فوق استفاده شده است. Manuscript profile

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558 - مدل ترکیبی شبکه‌ی‌ عصبی و تحلیل پوششی داده ها برای ارزیابی کارایی عملکرد واحدها
صادق حیدری احسان زنبوری حمید پروین

کایی و ارزیابی یکی از اصلی‌ترین و مهم‌ترین نیاز های سازمان‌ها، شرکت‌ها و موسسات می‌باشد و این سازمان ها چون با حجم زیادی از داده سر و کار دارند. تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها روشی مناسب برای کارایی و ارزیابی عملکرد سازمان‌ها می‌باشد. این تحقیق برای ارزیابی عملکرد و کارایی واحدهای More

کایی و ارزیابی یکی از اصلی‌ترین و مهم‌ترین نیاز های سازمان‌ها، شرکت‌ها و موسسات می‌باشد و این سازمان ها چون با حجم زیادی از داده سر و کار دارند. تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها روشی مناسب برای کارایی و ارزیابی عملکرد سازمان‌ها می‌باشد. این تحقیق برای ارزیابی عملکرد و کارایی واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده انجام گرفته است، ابتدا رویکردی با مدل BCC خروجی محور رتبه‌بندی واحدهای کارا در قالب مدل‌های تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و ضعف مدل، از نظر محاسبه و تفکیک کارایی مشخص گردید سپس برای از بین رفتن این مشکلات از روش ترکیبی تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها مدل BCC خروجی محور و شبکه عصبی مصنوعی به منظور ارزیابی کارایی این واحدها استفاده گردید تا بتوان این مشکل را بر طرف نمود. در پایان نیز مقایسه‌ای بین نتایج حاصل از دو مدل انجام گرفته است. با توجه به مقدار کارایی بدست آمده با روش bcc خروجی محور، مشاهده می گردد تعدادی از واحدها مقدار کارایی آنها برابر با یک است که این باعث می‌گردد نتوانیم این واحدها رتبه بندی نماییم. اما با استفاده از روش پیشنهادی Neuro-DEA هیچ دو شعبه ای دارای مقدار کارایی برابر نبوده و با توجه به کارایی بدست آمده به راحتی می توان این واحد ها را ارزیابی و رتبه بندی نمود. Manuscript profile

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559 - تخصیص مجدد نیروهای سازمان به کمک مدل سوپرکارا با وجود محدودیت روی تعداد و نحوه انتقال نیروهای بعضی از واحدها
مریم خطیبی بیژن رحمانی پرچیکلایی

در این مقاله کارایی عملکرد چند واحد مستقل سازمان نیروی انتظامی با هدف بهینه‌سازی کل ورودی مورد استفاده و کل خروجی تولید شده هر واحد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور با در نظر گرفتن میزان کارایی و ناکارایی هر واحد و با توجه به موقعیت مکانی واحدها نسبت به هم و همچنین با More

در این مقاله کارایی عملکرد چند واحد مستقل سازمان نیروی انتظامی با هدف بهینه‌سازی کل ورودی مورد استفاده و کل خروجی تولید شده هر واحد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور با در نظر گرفتن میزان کارایی و ناکارایی هر واحد و با توجه به موقعیت مکانی واحدها نسبت به هم و همچنین با توجه به وجود محدودیت روی تعداد و نحوه انتقال نیروهای بعضی از واحدها، با استفاده از مدل سوپرکارا مدلی در قالب تخصیص مجدد ورودی‌های واحدهای سازمان، در جهت افزایش کارایی واحدهای ناکارا و با تاکید بر حفظ کارایی واحدهای کارا ارائه گردید. Manuscript profile

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560 - انتخاب تامین کننده در زنجیره تامین پایدار: کاربرد فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و تحلیل پوششی داده های فازی
حمیدرضا رضایی محمد طالقانی محسن شفیعیان تارا نیک اندام

توسعه و مدیریت یک زنجیره تأمین موثر و کارآمد شامل انتخاب تامین کنندگان است. تنها معیارهای اقتصادی، از جمله هزینه و تحویل، در یک فرایند انتخاب تامین کننده مورد توجه قرار گرفت. اما، به دلیل شرایط به سرعت در حال تغییر، آنها برای ارزیابی تامین کنندگان کافی نیستند و مورد نیا More

توسعه و مدیریت یک زنجیره تأمین موثر و کارآمد شامل انتخاب تامین کنندگان است. تنها معیارهای اقتصادی، از جمله هزینه و تحویل، در یک فرایند انتخاب تامین کننده مورد توجه قرار گرفت. اما، به دلیل شرایط به سرعت در حال تغییر، آنها برای ارزیابی تامین کنندگان کافی نیستند و مورد نیاز است دیدگاه های مختلف در نظر گرفته شوند. هدف مقاله حاضر ارائه روش ترکیبی بر مبنای تجزیه و تحلیل پوششی داده های فازی برای انتخاب تامین کنندگان پایدار است. در ابتدا، معیارهای انتخاب تامین کنندگان پایدار از ادبیات مربوطه حاصل می شود. سپس سلسله مراتب معیارها و تعاملات ترجیحی آنها با فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی مشخص می شود. در نهایت، عملکرد تامین کنندگان با استفاده از تجزیه و تحلیل پوشش داده های فازی ارزیابی می شود. مدل DEA ارائه شده از مفهوم واحدهای تصمیم گیری ایده آل و غیر ایده آل  (DMU) در ارزیابی کارایی متقاطع الهام گرفته شده است. با توجه به این مفهوم، DMU کارآمد است اگر آن نزدیک به عملکرد DMU ایده آل  و به دور از عملکرد DMU ضد ایده آل است. Manuscript profile

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561 - یک مدل شبکه عصبی بازگشتی برای حل مدل CCR در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
معصومه عباسی عباس قماشی

در این مقاله ما یک شبکه عصبی برای حل مدل CCR در تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) معرفی می کنیم. مدل شبکه عصبی پیشنهادی از یک مسئله مینیمم سازی نامقید حاصل می شود. از دیدگاه تئوری، نشان داده می شود که شبکه عصبی پیشنهادی به مفهوم لیاپانف پایدار و همگرای عمومی به جواب بهینه مدل C More

در این مقاله ما یک شبکه عصبی برای حل مدل CCR در تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) معرفی می کنیم. مدل شبکه عصبی پیشنهادی از یک مسئله مینیمم سازی نامقید حاصل می شود. از دیدگاه تئوری، نشان داده می شود که شبکه عصبی پیشنهادی به مفهوم لیاپانف پایدار و همگرای عمومی به جواب بهینه مدل CCR می باشد. مدل پیشنهادی ساختار تک لایه دارد. با یک مثال عددی موثر بودن مدل پیشنهادی برای حل مدل CCR در DEA نشان داده می شود. Manuscript profile

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562 - ادغام واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده بر پایه مفهوم تحلیل پوششی داد های معکوس
الهه زین الدین سعید قبادی

در این مقاله، ما یک روش جدید برای پاسخ سوال زیر بر اساس برنامه ریزی ریاضی چند هدفی ارائه می نماییم: اگر در میان یک مجموعه از واحد های تصمیم گیرنده زیر مجموعه ایی از آنها ملزم به ادغام و تشکیل یک واحد جدید با ورودی (خروجی) خاص و سطح کارایی از پیش مشخص شده ایی باشند آنگاه More

در این مقاله، ما یک روش جدید برای پاسخ سوال زیر بر اساس برنامه ریزی ریاضی چند هدفی ارائه می نماییم: اگر در میان یک مجموعه از واحد های تصمیم گیرنده زیر مجموعه ایی از آنها ملزم به ادغام و تشکیل یک واحد جدید با ورودی (خروجی) خاص و سطح کارایی از پیش مشخص شده ایی باشند آنگاه میزان خروجی ( ورودی) این واحد ادغامی به چه میزانی بایستی باشد. این سوال بر اساس مفهوم تحلیل پوششی داده های معکوس پاسخ داده شده است. شرایط کافی برای تخمین ورودی (خروجی) از واحد ادغامی بوسیله برنامه ریزی چند هدفی تاسیس شده است. یک مثال عددی با داده های واقعی برای گویایی اهداف این مقاله آورده شده است. Manuscript profile

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563 - تجزیه و تحلیل شیوع بیماری COVID-19 در کشورهای اروپایی
هادی شیرویه زاد جاوید جوزدانی مزدک خدادادی کریموند

بیماری همه گیر COVID-19 بسیاری از مردم جهان را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. اروپا به عنوان یکی از جدی ترین قاره ها، چندین ماه است که با ویروس کرونای جدید دست و پنجه نرم می کند. بدیهی است، مدیریت پاسخ به شیوع بیماری نقش اساسی در تأثیر بیماری دارد. بنابراین، در این مقاله از ش More

بیماری همه گیر COVID-19 بسیاری از مردم جهان را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. اروپا به عنوان یکی از جدی ترین قاره ها، چندین ماه است که با ویروس کرونای جدید دست و پنجه نرم می کند. بدیهی است، مدیریت پاسخ به شیوع بیماری نقش اساسی در تأثیر بیماری دارد. بنابراین، در این مقاله از شاخص بهره‌وری Malmquist برای ارزیابی عملکرد کشورهای کشورهای اروپایی به شدت درگیر با بیماری براساس میانگین نرخ شیوع استفاده شده است. این نتایج کشورها را رده بندی می کند و بینش آینده را نشان می دهد. Manuscript profile

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564 - مروری بر الگوریتم های فراابتکاری و تحلیل پوششی داده ها
Mohsen Vaez-ghasemi Zohreh Moghaddas Hamid Askari Feloora Valizadeh

امروزه بسیاری از فعالیتها از کسب و کار گرفته تا طراحیهای مهندسی، مسیریابی در اینترنت و حتی مسیریابی کامیونهای حمل مواد غذایی و غیره نیازمند برنامه ریزی و بهینه سازی هستند. تعداد زیادی از این مسائل راه حل قطعی نداشته و یا به راحتی قابل حل نیستند و برای حلشان الگوریتمهایی More

امروزه بسیاری از فعالیتها از کسب و کار گرفته تا طراحیهای مهندسی، مسیریابی در اینترنت و حتی مسیریابی کامیونهای حمل مواد غذایی و غیره نیازمند برنامه ریزی و بهینه سازی هستند. تعداد زیادی از این مسائل راه حل قطعی نداشته و یا به راحتی قابل حل نیستند و برای حلشان الگوریتمهایی با الهام از طبیعت و بر مبنای هوش ذرات، سیستمهای زیستی، فیزیکی، شیمیایی وحتی جوامع انسانی توسعه داده میشوند که نامگذاری بسیاری از آنها نیز بر اساس منبع الهام گیری اولیه است؛ یک الگوریتم بهینه سازی فراابتکاری یک روش ابتکاری است که میتواند باتغییرهایی کم برای مسائل مخلتف بهینه سازی به کاررود الگوریتم های فراابتکاری بطور قابل ملاحظه ای توانایی یافتن جوابهای با کیفیت بالا را برای مسائل بهینه سازی سخت افزایش میدهد . در این مقاله به بررسی و مرور کاربرد انواع الگوریتم های فراابتکاری و تحلیل پوششی داده ها در مسائل بهینه سازی موجود در مجموعه مقالات منتشر شده در چند سال گذشته پرداخته شده است. آنچه که در این مقاله آمده است توضیحاتی درباره کاربرد انواع الگوریتم های فراابتکاری در تحلیل پوششی داده ها ،بیان کاربرد و حوزه فعالیتشان و همپوشانی و استفاده تلفیقی از این دو روش قدرتمند برای دستیابی به جواب بهینه است Manuscript profile

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565 - ارزیابی کارایی مالی در یک شبکه با تحلیل پوششی داده ها
Zohreh Moghaddas

ارزیابی کارایی مالی در یک سیستم شبکه با توجه به محصولات متوسط، امروزه اهمیت زیادی برای مدیران دارد. در فرایند انجام تجزیه و تحلیل کسب و کار، هر مرحله از یک شبکه اهمیت خاصی دارد.در این مقاله، با کمک تجزیه و تحلیل پوشش داده (DEA)، عملکرد یک شبکه با بازخورد مورد توجه قرار More

ارزیابی کارایی مالی در یک سیستم شبکه با توجه به محصولات متوسط، امروزه اهمیت زیادی برای مدیران دارد. در فرایند انجام تجزیه و تحلیل کسب و کار، هر مرحله از یک شبکه اهمیت خاصی دارد.در این مقاله، با کمک تجزیه و تحلیل پوشش داده (DEA)، عملکرد یک شبکه با بازخورد مورد توجه قرار می گیرد. در این ارزیابی، بهره وری مالی برای شبکه ای با ورودی ها، خروجی ها، واسطه ها مورد ارزیابی قرار می گیرد. به عنوان مثال، استفاده از داده ها از شرکت های پتروشیمی به منظور ارزیابی و تجزیه و تحلیل کارایی در یک زنجیره عرضه در نظر گرفته می شود. Manuscript profile

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566 - چگونه می توان شاخص های کارت امتیازی متوازن را در یک مدل تلفیقی DEA-BSC هدف گذاری کرد
محمد فلاح اسماعیل نجفی

اندازه گیری عملکرد همیشه یکی از مهمترین وظایف مدیران است ، بنابراین مدیریت دانش دانش سنجش است و اگر بتوانیم چیزی را اندازه بگیریم ، بدون شک می توانیم آن را کنترل کنیم ، و بنابراین نمی توانیم آن را مدیریت کنیم. در این مقاله ، با توجه به شاخص بهره‌وری Malmquist ، از یک شا More

اندازه گیری عملکرد همیشه یکی از مهمترین وظایف مدیران است ، بنابراین مدیریت دانش دانش سنجش است و اگر بتوانیم چیزی را اندازه بگیریم ، بدون شک می توانیم آن را کنترل کنیم ، و بنابراین نمی توانیم آن را مدیریت کنیم. در این مقاله ، با توجه به شاخص بهره‌وری Malmquist ، از یک شاخص برای تعیین پیشرفت و رگرسیون یک واحد استفاده شده است. این شاخص توسط تغییرات مرزی حاصل از ورودی واحدها و تغییرات کارایی آنها تعریف می شود ، که ما آن را شاخص بهره وری Malmquist می نامیم. بعد از محاسبه تغییرات مالموکیست ، ما توانستیم برای دوره بعدی میزان افزایش یا کاهش شاخص ها را مشخص کنیم. Manuscript profile

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567 - ارزیابی کارایی ایستگاه های حمل و نقل ریلی با استفاده از رویکرد DEA
Davoud Haghighi رضا بابازاده

نقش ایستگاه های حمل و نقل ریلی به عنوان نقاطی که در آن می توان فرآیندهای ترافیکی را با هم ادغام و از هم جدا کرد از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. فعالیتهای متعددی مانند تشکیل قطار ، کاهش و تعویض ، بررسیهای فنی نیز در این نقاط انجام می شود. با توجه به اهمیت بسیار زیاد استفا More

نقش ایستگاه های حمل و نقل ریلی به عنوان نقاطی که در آن می توان فرآیندهای ترافیکی را با هم ادغام و از هم جدا کرد از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. فعالیتهای متعددی مانند تشکیل قطار ، کاهش و تعویض ، بررسیهای فنی نیز در این نقاط انجام می شود. با توجه به اهمیت بسیار زیاد استفاده بهینه از زیرساخت های راه آهن و تسهیلات موجودی انبار ، مطالعات کارآیی در این زمینه بیش از هر زمان دیگر یک وظیفه اصلی تلقی می شود. بنابراین ، ما یک روش مبتنی بر تجزیه و تحلیل پوشش داده ها را برای حل این مسئله پیاده سازی می کنیم. از روش پیشنهادی در این تحقیق می توان برای اندازه گیری کارایی ایستگاه های حمل و نقل ریلی و رتبه بندی آنها با استفاده از روش های DEA و Anderson & Peterson استفاده کرد. این روش می تواند برای تجزیه و تحلیل "کارایی فنی" ایستگاه های حمل و نقل ریلی برای مدیریت ایستگاه های قطار با توجه به ظرفیت ایستگاه فعلی استفاده شود. ما این مدل را در یک مطالعه موردی از 12 ایستگاه قطار پرتردد در راه آهن اصفهان برای اندازه گیری و رتبه بندی کارایی آنها و ارزیابی تأثیر نوع ترافیک بر نتایج با استفاده از رگرسیون قوی استفاده کردیم. Manuscript profile

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568 - ارزیابی کارایی واحدهای تصمیم گیری در حضور فاکتورهای منفی و نامطلوب
مهناز مقبولی مهدی عینی فرهاد طاهر

تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) یک تکنیک برای ارزیابی واحدهای تصمیم گیری(DMUs) با چندین ورودی و خروجی است. اما یکی از نقص‌های مدل‌های کلاسیک DEAاین است که در همه‌ی آن‌ها فرض نامنفی و مطلوب بودن برای فاکتورها در نظر گرفته می شود، در حالی که در مسائل واقعی ورودی‌ها و خروجی‌های More

تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) یک تکنیک برای ارزیابی واحدهای تصمیم گیری(DMUs) با چندین ورودی و خروجی است. اما یکی از نقص‌های مدل‌های کلاسیک DEAاین است که در همه‌ی آن‌ها فرض نامنفی و مطلوب بودن برای فاکتورها در نظر گرفته می شود، در حالی که در مسائل واقعی ورودی‌ها و خروجی‌های منفی و نامطلوب نیز وجود دارد. لذا مدل‌های استاندارد DEA، اندازه ی کارایی DMUs را به درستی منعکس نمی کنند. در این مقاله با ارائه مدلی کارایی واحدها در حضور فاکتورهای منفی و نامطلوب مورد ارزیابی قرار می گیرد که با یک مثال کاربردی روش پیشنهادی مورد بحث و بررسی قرار می‌گیرد. Manuscript profile

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569 - رتبه‌بندی واحدهای تصمیم‌گیری با ساختار شبکه دو مرحله‌ای چند دوره‌ای: روشی مبتنی بر تحلیل پوششی داده‌های نسبتی
مقصود احمد خانلو قراخانلو نیما آذرمیر شتربانی قاسم توحیدی شبنم رضویان روح اله عباسی

تحلیل پوششی داده ها به عنوان یک روش غیرپارامتریک برای اندازه گیری کارایی مجموعه ای از واحدهای تصمیم گیری همواره مورد توجه می باشد . عدد کارایی حاصل از مدل های استاندارد ، معیاری برای مقایسه عملکرد هر واحد تصمیم گیری با بقیه واحدها می باشد. علی رغم نقاط قوت فراوان این مد More

تحلیل پوششی داده ها به عنوان یک روش غیرپارامتریک برای اندازه گیری کارایی مجموعه ای از واحدهای تصمیم گیری همواره مورد توجه می باشد . عدد کارایی حاصل از مدل های استاندارد ، معیاری برای مقایسه عملکرد هر واحد تصمیم گیری با بقیه واحدها می باشد. علی رغم نقاط قوت فراوان این مدل ها، از نقاط ضعف آنها می توان به عدم تمایز بین واحدهای کارا اشاره کرد. همچنین، این مدل ها به ساختار داخلی واحدها توجه نمی کنند و دیدگاه جعبه سیاه دارند. در جهت رفع این مشکلات، مدل های تحلیل پوششی داده های نسبتی که هم از لحاظ زمان و هزینه بسیار مقرون به صرفه تر است مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند؛ اما این مدلها ایستا هستند و زمان را در ارزیابی لحاظ نمی کنند. در‌این مقاله، روشی برای رتبه‌بندی واحدهای تصمیم‌گیری با ساختار شبکه دو مرحله‌ای چند زمانی با استفاده از تحلیل پوششی داده‌های نسبتی پیشنهاد می‌شود. با استفاده از مدل‌های تحلیل پوششی داده‌های نسبتی، سه دیدگاه متفاوت برای ارزیابی کارایی در دوره‌های زمانی معرفی می‌شود و متناظر با هر دیدگاه، یک عدد کارایی برای هر واحد تصمیم‌گیری به دست می‌آید. سپس، سه مقدار کارایی منتج از سه روش مذکور، با استفاده از روش آنتروپی شانون با یکدیگر ترکیب شده و یک معیار کارایی کلی برای هر واحد تعریف می‌شود. ‌این معیار در نهایت به عنوان شاخص اصلی برای رتبه‌بندی واحدها درنظر گرفته می‌شود. نتایج اجرای الگوریتم پیشنهادی بر روی مثال واقعی و مقایسه آن با نتایج روش‌های مشابه، قوت‌این الگوریتم را آشکار می‌سازد. Manuscript profile

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570 - پیاده‌سازی DEA فازی درون مدل PEM جهت ارزیابی عملکرد سازمان‌های پروژه‌محور: یک مطالعۀ موردی
اویس ترابی محمّدمیلاد احمدی روح‌الله تولایی

سازمان های پروژه محور در صنایع بالادستی سهم زیادی از منابع ملی را در اختیار دارند و نقش مهمی در توسعه یک کشور ایفا می کنند. ارزیابی عملکرد سازمان های پروژه محور می تواند به مدیران کمک کند تا از ورودی ها به طور موثر استفاده کنند و راه خود را برای دستیابی به اهداف هموار ک More

سازمان های پروژه محور در صنایع بالادستی سهم زیادی از منابع ملی را در اختیار دارند و نقش مهمی در توسعه یک کشور ایفا می کنند. ارزیابی عملکرد سازمان های پروژه محور می تواند به مدیران کمک کند تا از ورودی ها به طور موثر استفاده کنند و راه خود را برای دستیابی به اهداف هموار کنند. برای ارزیابی عملکرد سازمان های پروژه محور، شاخص های کمی و کیفی زیادی وجود دارد. محاسبه کارایی از طریق تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) یک شاخص رایج برای ارزیابی عملکرد در چنین شرکت هایی است. در مدل سنتی DEA داده‌های واضح مورد نیاز است در حالی که در دنیای واقعی، بیشتر داده‌ها نادقیق و نامطمئن هستند. یکی از دلایل اصلی عدم قطعیت مربوط به اطلاعات غیر کمی، ناقص و دست نیافتنی است که باعث ادغام منطق فازی و مجموعه های فازی در مدل های مختلف مانند DEA می شود.ایدۀ اصلی پژوهش حاضر ترکیب رویکردهای کمی و کیفی در ارزیابی عملکرد برای بهره‌گیری از هر دو و دستیابی به نتایج دقیق‌تر است. از این رو، در این مقاله، یک مدل ترکیبی مبتنی بر تحلیل پوششی داده های فازی (FDEA) و مدل تعالی پروژه (PEM) برای ارزیابی عملکرد در سازمان های پروژه محور پیشنهاد شده است. ابتدا ارزیابی عملکرد توسط مدل PEM داده های فازی انجام می شود. سپس پیاده سازی فازی DEA در مدل PEM انجام می شود که در آن ورودی ها و خروجی های مدل FDEA معیارهای مدل PEM هستند. مدل هیبریدی پیشنهادی برای ارزیابی 30 شرکت پتروشیمی در ایران استفاده شده است. مقایسه نتایج هر دو مدل نشان‌دهنده ضریب همبستگی تقریباً 90/0 در سطح معنی‌داری 01/0 است که نشان‌دهنده همبستگی مناسب بین دو مدل است. Manuscript profile

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571 - یک مقدار شپلی برپایه انتروپی برای رتبه بندی در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
رضا فلاح نژاد ساناز اسدی رحمتی کیوان مرادی پور

در تحلیل پوششی داده های معمولی، واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده (DMU) به دو دسته کارا و ناکارا تقسیم می شوند، اما امتیاز همه واحدهای کارا برابر با یک است و هیچ تمایزی بین آنها وجود ندارد. بنابراین روش های رتبه بندی متعددی برای افزایش قدرت تمایز پیشنهاد شده است. این مقاله یک چارچوب More

در تحلیل پوششی داده های معمولی، واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده (DMU) به دو دسته کارا و ناکارا تقسیم می شوند، اما امتیاز همه واحدهای کارا برابر با یک است و هیچ تمایزی بین آنها وجود ندارد. بنابراین روش های رتبه بندی متعددی برای افزایش قدرت تمایز پیشنهاد شده است. این مقاله یک چارچوب یکپارچه از بازی های همکارانه و آنتروپی را برای رتبه بندی واحدهای کارا با در نظر گرفتن واحدهای کارا به عنوان بازیکنان در یک بازی همکارانه پیشنهاد می کند، زیر مجموعه ای از این بازیکنان به عنوان ائتلاف S تعریف می شود. مجموع کارایی DMUهای ناکارا با توجه به مجموعه امکان تولید شامل DMUهای ناکارا و اعضای کارای عضو ائتلاف S به عنوان تابع مشخصه ائتلاف S تعریف می شود که برای تعیین تاثیر حاشیه ای DMUهای کارا استفاده می شود. سپس، یک مقدار شپلی جدید، حاصل از تجمیع وزن دار شده تاثیرات حاشیه ای DMUهای کارا با آنتروپی شانون برای رتبه بندی DMUهای کارآمد استفاده می شود. برای اولین بار، از آنتروپی برای ایجاد یک مقدار شپلی برای محاسبه رتبه واحدهای کارا استفاده می کنیم. دو مثال برای نشان دادن کاربرد مدل پیشنهادی ارائه شده است Manuscript profile

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572 - تخصیص مرکزی منابع با امکان کاهش فعالیت ها برای ارزیابی سیستم های تولید دومرحله ای با ورودی های اشتراکی
Amir Yadollahi رضا کاظمی متین Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi

This paper proposes a centralized network data envelopment analysis model that combines the centralized data envelopment analysis model with possibility of downsizing and two-stage network data envelopment analysis. In the proposed model, this paper also considers the s More

This paper proposes a centralized network data envelopment analysis model that combines the centralized data envelopment analysis model with possibility of downsizing and two-stage network data envelopment analysis. In the proposed model, this paper also considers the situation in which shared inputs are jointly consumed in each stage. We also assume some outputs can be produced by the first and second stages by using separate inputs. The proposed model is illustrated in an empirical example of twenty sale representatives in two provinces of Golestan and Mazandaran. The results provide valuable information for the centralized decision-maker on how to reallocate resources among the units. Manuscript profile

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573 - عوامل تاثیرگزار بر انحرافات کارایی در مدلهای تحلیل پوششی دادهای مبتنی بر وزن مشترک
سعید شاه قبادی

روشهای مختلفی برای تولید مجموعه ای مشترک از وزنها در تحلیل پوششی داده ها بر اساس اندازه گیری فاصله نرم P وجود دارد. انحراف نمره کارایی حاصل از اوزان مشترک، از نمره کارایی هدف ممکن است مربوط به مدل و پارامتر p باشد. در این مطالعه ، در صورت ایجاد نمره کارایی با کمترین انح More

روشهای مختلفی برای تولید مجموعه ای مشترک از وزنها در تحلیل پوششی داده ها بر اساس اندازه گیری فاصله نرم P وجود دارد. انحراف نمره کارایی حاصل از اوزان مشترک، از نمره کارایی هدف ممکن است مربوط به مدل و پارامتر p باشد. در این مطالعه ، در صورت ایجاد نمره کارایی با کمترین انحراف توسط وزن مشترک ، سعی می شودفاکتور های تاثیرگزار در مورد انتخاب p ، مدل و مجموعه داده ها تععین شود.همچنین با تجزیه و تحلیل نتیجه مدل های موجود ، دو مدل خطی بهبود یافته معرفی شده است.نتایج مدلهای پیشنهادی دارای انحرافات کارایی فردی و کلی کمتری نسبت به مدلهای قبلی است که این نتایج با مثالهای عددی و تجزیه و تحلیل شبیه سازی تأیید شده است. Manuscript profile

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574 - مدل های DEA بدون ورودی یا خروجی صریح: شعاعی و غیر شعاعی
Zohreh Moghaddas

بسیاری از برنامه ها و مطالعات نگرانی ها در مورد مطالعه مدل DEA بدون ورودی یا خروجی صریح برای ارزیابی عملکرد واحد های تصمیم گیری (DMUs) است. بر اساس آنچه در ادبیات DEA در این مقاله ارائه شده است، ادعا شده است که در رویکرد ذکر شده، فرض تخمین زده شده به درستی مطرح نشده است More

بسیاری از برنامه ها و مطالعات نگرانی ها در مورد مطالعه مدل DEA بدون ورودی یا خروجی صریح برای ارزیابی عملکرد واحد های تصمیم گیری (DMUs) است. بر اساس آنچه در ادبیات DEA در این مقاله ارائه شده است، ادعا شده است که در رویکرد ذکر شده، فرض تخمین زده شده به درستی مطرح نشده است. بنابراین یک رویکرد مدرن ارائه شده است و برای وضوح، کاربرد مدل های DEA بدون ورودی و خروجی ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile

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575 - ارزیابی کارایی مدل جمعی کراندار در سیستم های تولید دومرحله ای با داده های منفی
حمیدرضا بابائی اصیل رضا کاظمی متین محسن خون سیاوش زهره مقدس

تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) روشی برای اندازگیری کارایی واحدهای تصمیم گیری (DMU) ها است. در مدل‌های تحلیل پوششی داده های سنتی به اختلافات احتمالی بین دو مرحله ناشی از اقدامات میانی اشاره نمی کنند. به همین جهتاین مدل ها برای بررسی کارایی فرآیندهای دو مرحله ای که همه خروجی ه More

تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) روشی برای اندازگیری کارایی واحدهای تصمیم گیری (DMU) ها است. در مدل‌های تحلیل پوششی داده های سنتی به اختلافات احتمالی بین دو مرحله ناشی از اقدامات میانی اشاره نمی کنند. به همین جهتاین مدل ها برای بررسی کارایی فرآیندهای دو مرحله ای که همه خروجی های مرحله اول اقدامات میانی هستند که ورودی های مرحله دوم را تشکیل می دهند، گسترش یافته است. در دنیای واقعی داده های مربوط به سیستم های تولید دومرحله ای میتوانند مقادیر منفی نیز داشته باشند. با توجه به اهمیت ارزیابی واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده ی دو مرحله ای، در این مقاله ارزیابی این سیستم های تولید با فرض وجود داده های منفی مورد توجه قرار گرفته اند. همچنین در این مقاله رویکرد جدیدی از ارزیابی کارایی توسط مدل جمعی کراندار دومرحله ای با استفاده از داده های منفی ارائه شده است. درادامه با استفاده از مثال عددی وکاربردی به ارزیابی کارایی و رتبه بندی 36 شرکت هواپیمایی پرداخته می شود. Manuscript profile

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576 - تحلیل کارایی زیست محیطی کشورها با رهیافت تحلیل پوششی داده ها
مینا مشفق محسن رستمی مال خلیفه

در سال‌های اخیر توجه عمومی به مسائل زیست محیطی به نحو چشمگیری افزایش یافته است. با توجه به افزایش نگرانی‌ها در رابطه با کیفیت محیط زیست، تغییرات آب و هوایی و انتشار آلاینده‌های زیست محیطی که به عنوان عناصر مهم توسعه پایدار مطرح می‌باشند، یکی از مسائل مهم، اندازه‌گیری کا More

در سال‌های اخیر توجه عمومی به مسائل زیست محیطی به نحو چشمگیری افزایش یافته است. با توجه به افزایش نگرانی‌ها در رابطه با کیفیت محیط زیست، تغییرات آب و هوایی و انتشار آلاینده‌های زیست محیطی که به عنوان عناصر مهم توسعه پایدار مطرح می‌باشند، یکی از مسائل مهم، اندازه‌گیری کارآیی زیست محیطی است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی کارایی زیست محیطی کشورها با رهیافت تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها (DEA)با در نظر گرفتن خروجی‌ها، به صورت فاکتورهای مطلوب و نامطلوب اثرگذار در تغییرات زیست محیطی( ۷ ورودی و ۷ خروجی) سال 1399 در 176 کشور استفاده شده است. واحدها با استفاده از مدل های CCR و AP به منظور رتبه بندی هر دو گروه واحد های کارامد و ناکارامد ارزیابی شدند. نتایج نشان می‌دهند کارایی زیست محیطی کشورهای منتخب به طور متوسط 80.60 درصد می‌باشد، که از بین کشورهای تحت بررسی، کشور ایران با کسب کارایی 0.58 دارای رتبه 140 بوده و کشورهای ایسلند، سنگاپور و لسوتو به ترتیب دارای بیشترین کارایی زیست محیطی و همچنین کشورهای سیرا لئون، فیلیپین و پاکستان به ترتیب دارای کمترین کارایی زیست محیطی هستند. Manuscript profile

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577 - تحلیل مدل ارزیابی عملکرد واحدهای سازمانی با رویکرد سینک - تاتل به کمک تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها
نازیلا ادب آوازه احمد عدالت پناه مهرزاد نوابخش

تحولات شگرف محیط کسب و کار، وجود نظام ارزیابی عملکرد را اجتناب‌ناپذیر کرده است. ارزیابی عملکرد جامع، تلاشی برای شناخت توان بالقوه و نقش واحدهای نهادی در اثرگذاری بر عملکرد سازمان‌ها است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل ارزیابی عملکرد در هفت بعد مدل سینک و تاتل به کمک تحلیل پوششی More

تحولات شگرف محیط کسب و کار، وجود نظام ارزیابی عملکرد را اجتناب‌ناپذیر کرده است. ارزیابی عملکرد جامع، تلاشی برای شناخت توان بالقوه و نقش واحدهای نهادی در اثرگذاری بر عملکرد سازمان‌ها است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل ارزیابی عملکرد در هفت بعد مدل سینک و تاتل به کمک تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها است. برآیند هفت بعد مدل سینک- تاتل، ایجاد نظام ارزیابی عملکرد جامعی در سازمان‌ها است که پیامد وجود چنین نگرشی، بهبود عملکرد سازمانی خواهد بود. مدل پیشنهادی، تمامی شاخص‌های مهم عملکرد را پوشش می‌دهد و با قابلیت تعمیم‌پذیری و ارزیابی واقع بینانه‌تر نسبت به سایر نظام های ارزیابی عملکرد، گام می بردارد. در این پژوهش، عملکرد هشت واحد سازمانی شرکت نیپا، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. «مجموع مولفه‌های هفت بعد مدل سینک و تاتل» نهاده و «سطح عملکرد واحدهای سازمانی» ستاده مدل پیشنهادی را تشکیل داده‌اند. برای بهبود عملکرد سازمانی «هماهنگی بین استراتژی‌ها، ایجاد بستر یادگیری سازمانی و مدیریت دانش» توصیه می‌شود. همپوشانی نتایج ارزیابی مدل سینک و تاتل و تحلیل پوششی داده ها، بیانگر اعتبار مدل پیشنهادی است. در واحدهای ناکارا می‌توان با اجرای آموزش، تغییر افراد کلیدی، توسعه نظام مشارکتی، استقرار نظام ارزشیابی عملکرد با معیارهای مناسب و توسعه مدیریت بر مبنای هدف اقدام نمود. نتایج مدل پیشنهادی ارزیابی عملکرد، به عنوان بخش اصلی تدوین و اجرای سیاست سازمان‌ها قابل کاربرد است. Manuscript profile

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578 - تجزیه تکنولوژی و شدت انرژی در کشورهای عضو اوپک: رویکرد تحلیل پوششی داده و مالم کوئیست
مهدی فلاح جلودار سمیه صادقی

کاهش شدت انرژی از طریق دستیابی به بهره وری انرژی یک هدف جهانی در راستای توسعه پایدار است. شواهد نشان می‌دهد که شدت انرژی بیشتر کشورهای صادرکننده انرژی (مانند اوپک) در مقایسه با کشورهای واردکننده انرژی و اقتصادهای صنعتی بسیار بالا بوده است. از این رو، درک عوامل اصلی (یا More

کاهش شدت انرژی از طریق دستیابی به بهره وری انرژی یک هدف جهانی در راستای توسعه پایدار است. شواهد نشان می‌دهد که شدت انرژی بیشتر کشورهای صادرکننده انرژی (مانند اوپک) در مقایسه با کشورهای واردکننده انرژی و اقتصادهای صنعتی بسیار بالا بوده است. از این رو، درک عوامل اصلی (یا محرک‌های) شدت انرژی در کشورهای صادرکننده انرژی برای محققان و سیاست‌گذاران اقتصادی مهم است. از این رو،هدف این مقاله بررسی تاثیر تکنولوژی و اجزای آن (تغییر فنی و تغییر کارایی) بر تغییرات شدت انرژی در کشورهای عضو اوپک طی دوره زمانی 17-2000 با استفاده از رویکرد تحلیل پوششی داده و شاخص مالم کوئیست می باشد. یافته ها نشان می دهد که پیشرفت تکنولوژی نقش بسزایی در کاهش شدت انرژی کشورهای عضو اوپک داشته است. علاوه بر این، نتایج پس از تجزیه بهره وری کل ( TFP) با استفاده از روش DEA نشان می‌دهد که اثر منفی تغییرات فنی بر شدت انرژی بسیار بیشتر از اثر تغییر کارایی است، اگرچه مقادیر برآوردی این اجزا نسبتاً ضعیف می باشند. در ادامه، مهمترین عوامل اثرگذار بر پیشرفت تکنولوژی در کشورهای اوپک مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. یافته ها حاکی از آن است که در بین عوامل مورد بررسی، باز بودن تجاری عامل اصلی بهبود بهره وری در این کشورهاست. Manuscript profile

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579 - تحلیل کارایی زیست محیطی و نسبت‌های حاشیه‌ای با حضور عوامل نامطلوب : رویکردی مبتنی بر تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها
منصور صوفی فاطمه بزرگی گردویشه مهدی همایون فر علیرضا امیرتیموری

همواره تعادل بین مقررات زیست محیطی و مباحث اقتصادی به یکی از مسائل اصلی هر جامعه ای تبدیل شده است. زیرا باافزایش صنعتی شدن کشورها،آلایندگی های زیست محیطی نیز افزایش یافته است. زیرا همراه در فرایند تولید علاوه بر خروجی‌های مطلوب، خروجی‌های نامطلوب نیز تولید می‌شوند و تاث More

همواره تعادل بین مقررات زیست محیطی و مباحث اقتصادی به یکی از مسائل اصلی هر جامعه ای تبدیل شده است. زیرا باافزایش صنعتی شدن کشورها،آلایندگی های زیست محیطی نیز افزایش یافته است. زیرا همراه در فرایند تولید علاوه بر خروجی‌های مطلوب، خروجی‌های نامطلوب نیز تولید می‌شوند و تاثیر زیادی برکارایی سازمان ها و آلودگی زیست محیطی دارند از سوی دیگر با بررسی میزان تأثیر این خروجی‌ها بر ورودی‌ها و خروجی‌های مطلوب می‌توان به اطلاعات مهمی برای تعیین استراتژی‌ها و رهنمودهایی جهت تصمیم‌گیری دست‌یافت. هدف این پژوهش محاسبۀکارایی و نسبت‌های حاشیه‌ای سیستم های زیست محیطی با درنظرگرفتن عوامل نامطلوب می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر در دو فاز انجام‌گرفته است. در فاز اول مناطق با استفاده از مدل توسعه‌یافتة تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها به دو گروه کارا و ناکارا طبقه‌بندی شدند. سپس در مرحلة دوم، نسبت‌های حاشیه‌ای خروجی‌های نامطلوب بر ورودی‌ها و خروجی‌های مطلوب در مناطق کارا محاسبه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که تغییر در میزان خروجی‌های نامطلوب تأثیر قابل‌توجهی بر دیگر متغیرها دارد. Manuscript profile

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580 - ارتقاء واحدهای ناکارا (با داده های منفی) در جهت وزن های مشترک در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
حسین عباسیان

هدف اصلی این مقاله، ارتقا و بهبود واحد های ناکارا به وسیله ی وزنهای مشترک به دست آمده از همه ی واحدهای مورد مطالعه می باشد. در واقع وزن های مشترک ورودیها و خروجیهایی که شامل داده های منفی است را به وسیله حل یک مدل برنامه ریزی خطی به دست می آوریم و بردار وزن ها را به عنو More

هدف اصلی این مقاله، ارتقا و بهبود واحد های ناکارا به وسیله ی وزنهای مشترک به دست آمده از همه ی واحدهای مورد مطالعه می باشد. در واقع وزن های مشترک ورودیها و خروجیهایی که شامل داده های منفی است را به وسیله حل یک مدل برنامه ریزی خطی به دست می آوریم و بردار وزن ها را به عنوان جهتی در نظر می گیریم که واحدهای ناکارا در آن مسیر ارتقا می یابند. روش شناسی این تحقیق به این صورت است که، مدل شعاعی نیمه ماهیتی را مد نظر قرار دهیم و می خواهیم از دوال این مدل برای یافتن وزنهای مشترک ورودیها و خروجیهایی که برخی از آنها منفی هستند، استفاده کنیم. برای این منظور یک مسأله چندهدفه ی تولید وزنهای مشترک ارائه می دهیم و برنامه ریزی آرمانی را برای حل آن بکار می بریم که این منجر به تولید یک مسأله ی غیرخطی می شود که برای این مسأله ی خاص، توسط یک روش خطی سازی، آنرا به یک مسأله ی برنامه ریزی خطی تبدیل می کنیم. چون شرط لازم و کافی برای کرانداری مدل شعاعی نیمه ماهیتی در ماهیت ورودی (خروجی) این است که یک ورودی (خروجی) با حداقل یک مقدار مثبت موجود باشد، پس ما این شرط را در اینجا رعایت می کنیم. سرانجام روشمان را با ذکر یک مثال، بیشتر توضیح می دهیم و نکته قابل توجه در روش ارتقا دادن در تحقیق حاضر این است که داده ای منفی به صورت داده ای منفی ارتقا و بهبود می یابد. Manuscript profile

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581 - اندازه های کارایی متقاظع نامغلوب در تحلیل پوششی داده ها با رویکرد اهداف ثانویه
سعید شاه قبادی عباس قماشی فرهاد مرادی

تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) یک روش برنامه ریزی ناپارامتریک برای ارزیابی کارایی نسبی مجموعه ای از واحدهای تصمیم گیری متجانس (DMUs) با ورودی های متعدد و خروجی های متعدد است. روش کارایی متقاطع DEA روشی شناخته شده است که برای ارزیابی و رتبه بندی مجموعه ای از واحدهای تصمیم گیر More

تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) یک روش برنامه ریزی ناپارامتریک برای ارزیابی کارایی نسبی مجموعه ای از واحدهای تصمیم گیری متجانس (DMUs) با ورودی های متعدد و خروجی های متعدد است. روش کارایی متقاطع DEA روشی شناخته شده است که برای ارزیابی و رتبه بندی مجموعه ای از واحدهای تصمیم گیری متجانس استفاده می شود. هر زمان که یک DMU قصد ارزیابی سایر DMU ها را داشته باشد، با مشکل وزن های بهینه غیر یکتای مدل های DEA مواجه می شود. زیرا وزن‌های مختلف امتیازات متقاطع متفاوتی را به ما می‌دهند و این باعث سردرگمی تصمیم‌گیرنده در تصمیم‌گیری نهایی می‌شود. اشکال اصلی این روش، مجموعه راه حل بهینه چندگانه است. هدف اصلی این مطالعه پیشنهاد رویکردی برای حل این مشکل برای ایجاد امتیازهای کارایی متقاطع DEA غیر غالب است. ما یک مدل هدف ثانویه برنامه ریزی خطی را برای انتخاب مجموعه ای از وزن های بهینه برای هر DMU پیشنهاد می کنیم. روش پیشنهادی ما نه تنها ساده تر از روش های دیگر ارائه شده با همین هدف است، بلکه کارایی بیشتری دارد. مثال های عددی برای نشان دادن این موضوع در پایان آورده شده است. Manuscript profile

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582 - ارزیابی عملکرد در تحلیل پوششی داده های شبکه ای پویا با خروجی های نامطلوب
محمد نجاری الموتی رضا کاظمی متین محسن خون سیاوش زهره مقدس

در این مقاله، یک مدل جدید تحلیل پوششی داده های شبکه ای پویا با خروجی های نامطلوب ارائه می گردد. ابتدا، ما از یک رویکرد اصول موضوعه ای در DEA با خروجی نامطلوب استفاده نموده و یک مدل شبکه ای با خروجی های نامطلوب ارائه می نماییم. سپس، رویکرد پیشنهادی را گسترش داده و یک مدل More

در این مقاله، یک مدل جدید تحلیل پوششی داده های شبکه ای پویا با خروجی های نامطلوب ارائه می گردد. ابتدا، ما از یک رویکرد اصول موضوعه ای در DEA با خروجی نامطلوب استفاده نموده و یک مدل شبکه ای با خروجی های نامطلوب ارائه می نماییم. سپس، رویکرد پیشنهادی را گسترش داده و یک مدل با ساختار شبکه ی پویا با خروجی نامطلوب و ورودی ثابت ارائه می نماییم. پس از آن، از این مدل برای ارزیابی عملکرد بیمارستان‌ها در یک مطالعه تجربی برای برآورد کارایی شبکه پویا استفاده می گردد. Manuscript profile

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583 - ارزیابی کارایی ارزشی هر واحد نسبت به ابرصفحه ی مماس در تحلیل پوششی داده ها (واحدهای شامل داده های منفی با مقیاس فاصله ای)
حسین عباسیان سید علی کاظمی پور

در تحلیل پوششی داده ها، کارایی ارزشی یک مفهوم کارایی است که برای محاسبه ی آن، از اولویت های تصمیم گیرنده استفاده می کند. در این مقاله، داده های با مقیاس فاصله ای به صورت تفاضل دو داده مختلف از ورودیها و خروجیها با مقیاس نسبتی می باشند و یکی از نوآوریهای این پژوهش این اس More

در تحلیل پوششی داده ها، کارایی ارزشی یک مفهوم کارایی است که برای محاسبه ی آن، از اولویت های تصمیم گیرنده استفاده می کند. در این مقاله، داده های با مقیاس فاصله ای به صورت تفاضل دو داده مختلف از ورودیها و خروجیها با مقیاس نسبتی می باشند و یکی از نوآوریهای این پژوهش این است که کارایی ارزشی واحدهایی که شامل داده هایی منفی با مقیاس فاصله ای هستند را محاسبه می کنیم. در کارایی ارزشی واقعی، از منحنی بی تفاوتی تابع ارزشی استفاده می شود که این تابع نامعلوم است و نوآوری دیگر این پژوهش در این است که این منحنی را با ابرصفحه ی مماس در نقطه ای با بیشترین ترجیحات تقریب می زنیم و با پیشنهاد تصمیم گیرنده، یکی از واحدهای کارای تکنیکی را به عنوان نقطه ای با بیشترین ترجیحات در نظر می گیریم. برای یافتن این ابرصفحه مماس، از مساله ی ثانویه ی مدل های شعاعی استفاده می کنیم که دارای بازده به مقیاس متغیر هستند. در نهایت، فاصله ی هر واحد تصمیم گیرنده تا ابرصفحه ی مماس، مقدار کارایی ارزشی آن واحد را نشان می دهد. در مثال عددی ارائه شده، نتایج به دست آمده بسیار نزدیک نتایج مدل های هالم و همکارانش می باشد و این روش می تواند تقریب مناسبی برای کارایی ارزشی ارائه دهد. Manuscript profile

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584 - کارایی بنگاه‌های اقتصادی در حضور فاکتورهای نامطلوب و منفی با داده‌های بازه‌ای
MAHNAZ MAGHBOULI مهدی عینی فرهاد طاهر FATEMEH GHOMANJANI

تحلیل پوششی داده&lrm;‌‌ها روشی برای سنجش عملکرد گروهی از واحدهای تصمیم‌گیری است، که ورودی‌های همگن متعدد را برای تولید خروجی‌های متعدد همگن استفاده می‌کنند. تاکنون مدل‌های فراوانی از تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها با داده‌های بازه‌ای و ورودی و خروجی خاص ارائه شده است. ورودی و خروج More

تحلیل پوششی داده&lrm;‌‌ها روشی برای سنجش عملکرد گروهی از واحدهای تصمیم‌گیری است، که ورودی‌های همگن متعدد را برای تولید خروجی‌های متعدد همگن استفاده می‌کنند. تاکنون مدل‌های فراوانی از تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها با داده‌های بازه‌ای و ورودی و خروجی خاص ارائه شده است. ورودی و خروجی‌های هر واحد تصمیم‌ گیری در مدل‌های تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. در تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها فرض اصلی بر مثبت بودن داده‌ها می‌باشد، این در حالی است که در دنیای واقعی و در فرآیند تولید، ممکن است داده‌های منفی و حتی نامطلوب وجود داشته باشد. وجود این نوع از داده‌ها با تعاریف کلاسیک تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها سازگاری ندارد. با توجه به اهمیت توجه به این نوع از داده‌ها در این مقاله با ارائه مدلی جدید کارایی واحدهای تصمیم گیری که همزمان دارای ورودی و خروجی منفی، مطلوب و نامطلوب است به صورت داده‌های بازه‌ای پیشنهاد شده است. هدف از این تحقیق ارائه مدل جدید و ارزیابی عملکرد واحدهای تصمیم گیری با داده‌های مذکور است. برای توضیح بیشتر، به عنوان مثال کاربردی از داده‌های بانک خصوصی کشور ایران استفاده شده است Manuscript profile

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585 - Polymorphisms in Melanocortin Receptor 1 Gene in Goat Breeds: A Window for Coat Color Controling Mechanism
آ. جوانمرد ب. عارف نژاد ر. عبداللهی آرپناهی م.ح. مرادی

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586 - Analysis of dust formation process based on desertification factors in the southeast of Ahvaz in Khuzestan province
mozhdeh keramatzadeh hadi moazed ahmad fathi

The dust crisis in Khuzestan province is an environmental crisis that is currently one of the main centers of dust production in the desert areas of southern Ahvaz and the destroyed parts of Shadegan wetland. Destruction of vegetation in arid areas is the cause of deser More

The dust crisis in Khuzestan province is an environmental crisis that is currently one of the main centers of dust production in the desert areas of southern Ahvaz and the destroyed parts of Shadegan wetland. Destruction of vegetation in arid areas is the cause of desertification, which is the biggest cause of dust production. In this study to evaluate the criteria and indicators effective in desertification of the region, with the help of the model (IMDPA) which includes 9 criteria that Two criteria, climate and vegetation, each of which contains 3 specific indicators, have been selected. The numerical value of each criterion is obtained from the geometric multiplication of its indicators and finally the total desertification of the region is obtained from the geometric multiplication of two criteria. Finally, the intensity of desertification in the region was calculated to be 1.99 based on the selected criteria, which was in the medium desertification class according to the model scoring table. Manuscript profile

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587 - A model for evaluating sustainable supply chain performance using network data envelopment analysis and bootstrap simulation
Masoud Vaseei Maryam Daneshmand-Mehr Morteza Bazrafshan Armin Ghanee kanafi

10.30495/jmemiau.2023.705531

The field of data envelopment analysis in the realm of data science and analytics focuses on examining and analyzing various aspects of data within a dataset. The main objective of this analysis is to investigate and analyze different and diverse dimensions of the data. More

The field of data envelopment analysis in the realm of data science and analytics focuses on examining and analyzing various aspects of data within a dataset. The main objective of this analysis is to investigate and analyze different and diverse dimensions of the data. Data envelopment analysis is employed to gain a better understanding of the data, enhance transparency, and achieve a deeper comprehension of patterns, relationships, and characteristics within the data. The primary goal of data envelopment analysis is to discover hidden and unknown information within the data and extract knowledge from it. By utilizing data envelopment analysis methods, one can observe and comprehend patterns, relationships, differences, and variations in the data, leading to the provision of new and potentially valuable insights regarding the data and its associated processes. Therefore, in this article, the bootstrap simulation process has been utilized to improve the accuracy of achieved performance. The main objective of this article is to present a framework for measuring the performance of evaluated units under the bootstrap scenario. To accomplish this, overall and stage-wise performance scores are separately determined for each unit through simulated values for inputs and outputs. Thus, the most significant innovation of this research is the presentation of a framework for determining the performance scores of interconnected units using bootstrap-data envelopment analysis. To demonstrate the proposed method, a real case study in the tomato supply chain network has been considered. According to the results, the accuracy of the employed method has been demonstrated. Manuscript profile

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588 - Evaluation of productivity, efficiency and ranking of thermal power plants: an approach based on stochastic data envelopment analysis
Mehdi Khodadadipour

10.30495/jmemiau.2024.708212

In data envelopment analysis, different models are developed in different fields with different data for evaluation and ranking of DMUs. While in many applications issues, unit managers are faced with stochastic data, and they need a method to evaluate their supervised More

In data envelopment analysis, different models are developed in different fields with different data for evaluation and ranking of DMUs. While in many applications issues, unit managers are faced with stochastic data, and they need a method to evaluate their supervised units in a way that can evaluate and rank such DMUs. When working with stochastic data, considering the probability of occurrence of unpredictable states (the level of error) provided by managers, the DMUs are evaluated. In this paper using Probability statistics techniques and normal distribution and the BCC model with undesirable outputs and a specific risk ofSpecified,a new stochastic model called Expected Ranking Criterion is introduced. Based on this,the stochastic cross-efficiency evaluation. Given the non-uniqueness of resulting optimal solutions, a model is introduced for rating priorities by which cross-efficiency is performed using aggressive method. The proposed model is implemented for 32 thermal power plants with stochastic inputs and undesirable outputs. Manuscript profile

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589 - ارزیابی کارایی معاونت های دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب با رویکرد ترکیبی کارت امتیازی متوازن و تحلیل پوششی داده ها
کیامرث هفشجانی الهام حسامی

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590 - Evaluation of Equity in Health with the Aim of Achieving Citizens' Equal Access to Health Care Centers (Case Study: Ardebil City)
F. Barandak

Equality in distribution of health facilities is one of the main indicators for increasing the availability of the general health index to the society. So, equitable access to health services for all people in a community leads to promoting the health and equal opportun More

Equality in distribution of health facilities is one of the main indicators for increasing the availability of the general health index to the society. So, equitable access to health services for all people in a community leads to promoting the health and equal opportunities in the society. The aim of this study is the evaluation of equity in health by assessing people's access to health centers using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) in Ardebil (with Descriptive and analytical Methods). DEA is one of the useful tools in understanding decision-making milieu, with the primary information processing. Thus, with taking advantage of the GIS the spatial index was provided. Hence, the access quality of the ARDEBIL citizen's to health centers by using of the spatial indicators in the structure of CCR-O model was evaluated. According to the results, the average efficiency of the urban core is the 0.45. Among the urban cores of Ardebil, only three urban cores have the perfect efficiency (Including a range of Shohada Square, Sharyati and 15 Khordad, and Shahriyar neighborhoods, Azadegan and the Garapache garden and the area around Shorabil). In Division of the efficiency to 3 categories in format of Quite efficient (1 = μ), acceptable (0.7≤μ) and unacceptable (0.7≥μ), areas in about 1,000 hectares with a 30 thousand residents of South-Central corridor position with over 6.5 km have the perfect and acceptable efficiency; of the total area of 6031 hectares and 421069 spectators of urban cores. Manuscript profile

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591 - تاثیر پوشش های بسته بندی و ترکیب گازی بر حفظ کیفیت پس از برداشت گل همیشه بهار
داود عطایی روح انگیز نادری مصباح بابالار محمد موسوی

گل همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L) به عنوان یکی از گل های رایج خوراکی نیز شناخته می شود. در این تحقیق بهبود ارزش غذایی و ماندگاری گل همیشه بهار با پوشش بسته بندی و ترکیب گازی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گل همیشه بهار در بسته بندی های پلاستیک More

گل همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L) به عنوان یکی از گل های رایج خوراکی نیز شناخته می شود. در این تحقیق بهبود ارزش غذایی و ماندگاری گل همیشه بهار با پوشش بسته بندی و ترکیب گازی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گل همیشه بهار در بسته بندی های پلاستیکی ساخته شده از پلی اتیلن، پلی آمید و ترکیب این دو پوشش با ترکیب گاز (5 % اکسیژن+5 % دی اکسید کربن؛ 5 درصد اکسیژن+10 % دی اکسیدکربن؛ 5 % اکسیژن+20 % دی اکسید کربن) یا بدون ترکیب گاز همراه با شاهد (بدون بسته بندی) قرار داده شد. این بسته‌ها به سردخانه در دمای 4 درجه سانتی‌گراد منتقل شدند و برای ارزیابی صفات مورد نظر در روزهای 0، 5، 10 و 15 نمونه‌برداری انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش زمان نگهداری در تمامی تیمارها، میزان کاهش وزن، نشت یون و پوسیدگی افزایش یافت و محتوای نسبی آب، فنل کل، فلاونوئیدها و کاروتنوئیدها کاهش یافت. در عین حال استفاده از بسته بندی پلی اتیلن و پلی آمید همراه با ترکیب گازی باعث بهبود کیفیت ظاهری و تغذیه ای گل ها شد. در بین تمامی تیمارها، تیمار ترکیبی 5 %اکسیژن+10 % دی اکسیدکربن  و پوشش پلی اتیلن + پلی آمید اثرات بهتری در حفظ کیفیت و افزایش ماندگاری گل‌های همیشه بهار خوراکی داشت. در نتیجه با توجه به ارزش غذایی و دارویی گل همیشه بهار می توان از این تیمار به عنوان روشی موثر و ایمن برای افزایش ماندگاری و حفظ کیفیت ظاهری و ترکیبات بیوشیمیایی این گیاه استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile

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592 - The role of television programs in the institutionalization of the Islamic dress of Islamic students
Parvaneh riahi

The main purpose of this research is the role of television programs in the institutionalization of Islamic dress code and Islamic hijab. Research is a method of work and its method is survey or descriptive. This research covers a relatively large level. The statistical More

The main purpose of this research is the role of television programs in the institutionalization of Islamic dress code and Islamic hijab. Research is a method of work and its method is survey or descriptive. This research covers a relatively large level. The statistical population of all female students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran Branch The north is 385 people, according to a large number of statistical samples. Based on a conceptual model of an independent variable (TV programs) containing serial components, educational programs, and dependent variables (the institutionalization of Islamic dress and Islamic dress), are components of the education system, the educational system of Islam and religious beliefs.The findings of the research, after collecting information and testing the hypotheses by using the Chi-square test, with regard to the observed and expected frequency and significance level, indicate that TV series and educational programs on the institutionalization of the Islamic curriculum of students They're effective.The frequency of viewing the viewpoint of the sample shows that there is a large connection between the TV series and the institutionalization of the Islamic curriculum of the students and the relatively weak relationship between the TV curriculum and the institutionalization of the Islamic hijab and Islamic cover of the students.Finally, the main hypothesis test showed that TV programs were effective in institutionalizing the Islamic curriculum of students and there was a relatively weak relationship between the role of television programs and the institutionalization of Islamic dress code and Islamic hijab of students. Manuscript profile

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593 - آسیب شناسی عوامل موثر بر حجاب دانشجویان ؛ یک پژوهش کیفی- کمی ( مطالعه موردی دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه لرستان)
عابدین درویش پور mehrdad amiri

عفاف و حجاب به عنوان نماد فرهنگ دینی همواره مورد توجه مسلمانان بوده است.،با این حال امروزه بد حجابی و عدم رعایت عفاف در پوشش به عنوان یک آسیب اجتماعی و فرهنگی مورد توجه پژوهشگران دینی قرارگرفته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف آسیب شناسی عوامل موثر بر حجاب دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه More

عفاف و حجاب به عنوان نماد فرهنگ دینی همواره مورد توجه مسلمانان بوده است.،با این حال امروزه بد حجابی و عدم رعایت عفاف در پوشش به عنوان یک آسیب اجتماعی و فرهنگی مورد توجه پژوهشگران دینی قرارگرفته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف آسیب شناسی عوامل موثر بر حجاب دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه لرستان صورت گرفته است و برآن است تا با یافتن رابطه معنا داری بین پرسش ها و فرضیه های پژوهش و عدم رعایت حجاب مناسب دربین برخی از دانشجویان دانشگاه لرستان است. ابتدا به شیوه ی کیفی و با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند، نمونه های مورد نظر از میان دانشجویان انتخاب شده و با انجام مصاحبه و جمع بندی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. سپس با تجزیه وتحلیل داده ها و کد گذاری مصاحبه ها در نهایت 5 مولفه ی اصلی تاثیر گذار بر حجاب دانشجویان ؛« تربیتی»، « اجتماعی- فرهنگی»، « روانشناختی»، « سیاسی» و « مولفه اقتصادی» دسته بندی شده و در نهایت با گفتگو با صاحب نظران متناسب با هر مولفه پرسش هایی مشخص و با طراحی پرسشنامه و توزیع میان دانشجویان تجزیه و تحلیل انجام گرفته است.تجزیه و تحلیل داده های پرسشنامه از طریق نرم افزار Spss 5 مولفه ی استنتاج شده مصاحبه را تایید و در نهایت متناسب با این مولفه ها راهکارهای برای تقویت مسئله ی حجاب در سطح استان لرستان ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile

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594 - ارائه تکنیکی جدید برای ارزیابی کارایی مزارع کشاورزی با کاربرد ترکیبی تحلیل پنجرهایی دادهها و شاخص مالم کوئیست مطالعه موردی: مزارع جو شهرستان خاش
علی سردارشهرکی ندا علی احمدی

بخش کشاورزی به عنوان منبع اصلی در آمد اکثر کشورهای جهان در مجموعه فعالیتهای اقتصادی از اهمیتی کلیدی برخوردار است. ارتقاء بهره‌وری و کارایی یکی از اساسی‌ترین اهداف در دستیابی به رشد و شکوفایی اقتصادی به‌شمار می‌آید. مساله افزایش بهره‌وری از اصلی‌ترین دغدغه‌هایی است More

بخش کشاورزی به عنوان منبع اصلی در آمد اکثر کشورهای جهان در مجموعه فعالیتهای اقتصادی از اهمیتی کلیدی برخوردار است. ارتقاء بهره‌وری و کارایی یکی از اساسی‌ترین اهداف در دستیابی به رشد و شکوفایی اقتصادی به‌شمار می‌آید. مساله افزایش بهره‌وری از اصلی‌ترین دغدغه‌هایی است که هر بنگاه اقتصادی تولید کننده کالا و خدمات با آن مواجه بوده و ضروری است به‌هنگام برنامه‌ریزی برای توسعه هر بخشی جوانب مختلف آن در نظر گرفته شود. تحقیق حاضر با هدف تحلیل تغییرات بهره‌وری عوامل تولید و اندازهگیری کارایی فنی و همچنین بهرهوری زارعین شهرستان خاش با استفاده از تکنیک تحلیل پوششی پنجرهای دادهها است. بدین منظور وضعیت کارایی فنی، و بهرهوری زارعین طی دوره 95-1392 بررسی شد. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده میانگین کارایی فنی بهرهبرداران شهرستان خاش، 99/0میباشد که نسبتاً بالا است که نشاندهنده کارا بودن بهرهبردارن جوکار میباشد. همچنین با توجه به مقادیر شاخص بهرهوری مالمکوئیست نشان میدهد که میانگین تغییرات بهره وری کل برای شهرستان با مقدار 95/1 در طی دوره مذکور است. یکی از تأثیرگذارترین عامل در تغییرات بهرهوری کل در کشاورزی، تغییرات تکنولوژی بوده است. پیشنهاد میشود که برای افزایش کارایی و بهرهوری محصول جو در منطقه از فناوری جدید استفاده شود. Manuscript profile

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595 - بررسی کارایی فنی نخلستان ها با استفاده از تحلیل پوششی داده ها
زینب لطیفی حسین شعبانعلی فمی

استان خوزستان و بویژه شهرستان کارون در این استان، یکی از قطبهای اصلی تولید خرما درکشور ایران میباشد. نظر به محدودیت عوامل تولید خرما در این شهرستان، لازم است مدیریت بهینهای بر تولید این محصول و بهکارگیری نهادههای تولید صورت گیرد. هدف اصلی تحقیق More

استان خوزستان و بویژه شهرستان کارون در این استان، یکی از قطبهای اصلی تولید خرما درکشور ایران میباشد. نظر به محدودیت عوامل تولید خرما در این شهرستان، لازم است مدیریت بهینهای بر تولید این محصول و بهکارگیری نهادههای تولید صورت گیرد. هدف اصلی تحقیق حاضر، محاسبه کارایی فنی مدیریت نخلکاران همه شهرستان کارون و همچنین به تفکیک شهرهای این شهرستان، مشتمل بر چهار شهر، با استفاده از روش ناپارامتری تحلیل پوششی دادهها میباشد. 200 نخلکار از کل منطقه، از هر شهر50 نخلکار، با بازه مطالعه بین فروردین 1396 تا زمستان 1396 تعیین گردید. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که شهر ربیع و شیرین شهر به ترتیب کاراترین و ناکارآمدترین مدیریت نخلکاران را دارا هستند. برای شهر ربیع، میانگین کارایی با مقیاس ثابت 100 درصد، کارایی با مقیاس متغیر با رویکرد حداقل کردن نهاده و حداکثر کردن ستاده، 100 و100 درصد و برای شیرین شهر، میانگین کارایی با مقیاس ثابت 56/97  درصد ، کارایی با مقیاس متغیر با رویکرد حداقل کردن نهاده و حداکثر کردن ستاده به ترتیب برابر 69/98 و 04/98 درصد به دست آمده است. در شهرستان کارون، میانگین کارایی با مقیاس ثابت 62/96 درصد، کارایی با مقیاس متغیر با رویکرد حداقل کردن نهاده و حداکثر کردن ستاده به ترتیب برابر 66/98 و 57/97 درصد به دست آمد. در این منطقه، با افزایش آگاهی و مهارت نخلکاران و آموزش آنها در زمینه استفاده بهینه از نهادهها، میتوان کارایی نخلکاران را افزایش داد. Manuscript profile

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596 - مقایسه سیستم های تولید جلبک بر اساس مصرف انرژی و تحلیل اقتصادی: کاربرد تحلیل پوششی داده ها
ناصر کاظمی محمد غلامی پرشکوهی احمد محمدی داود محمد زمانی

هدف این مقاله بررسی کارایی مصرف انرژی و تحلیل اقتصادی در سیستم های مختلف تولید ریزجلبک (روش فضای باز و گلخانه) با استفاده از روش تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) است. داده های جمع آوری شده از آزمایشگاه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک محلی برای انجام آزمایشات تولید ریزجلبک در سیس More

هدف این مقاله بررسی کارایی مصرف انرژی و تحلیل اقتصادی در سیستم های مختلف تولید ریزجلبک (روش فضای باز و گلخانه) با استفاده از روش تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) است. داده های جمع آوری شده از آزمایشگاه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک محلی برای انجام آزمایشات تولید ریزجلبک در سیستم های مختلف بود. تعداد نمونه ها در هر سیستم تولید ریزجلبک برابر 20 عدد برآورد شد. نتایج انرژی نشان داد که میانگین کل انرژی ورودی به ترتیب 40/15920 و 60/17691 مگاژول در کیلوگرم در فضای باز و گلخانه بود. همچنین نسبت انرژی برای فضای باز و شرایط گلخانه به ترتیب 0.89 و 0.80 و شاخص بهره وری انرژی 0.06 و 0.02 کیلوگرم بر مگاژول برآورد شد. بر اساس تحلیل اقتصادی، بازده خالص روش فضای باز و گلخانه به ترتیب 204376.59 و 269276.06 دلار در کیلوگرم بود. بهره وری اقتصادی روش های کشت فضای باز و گلخانه ای به ترتیب 0.17 و 0.16 کیلوگرم بر دلار تعیین شد. نتیجه DEA نشان داد که کل مصرف بهینه انرژی در روش فضای باز 93/14476 مگاژول در کیلوگرم بود. با تبدیل کشت ناکارآمد به کارآمد، حدود 16355.21 مگاژول در کیلوگرم در روش گلخانه ای (7.55 درصد) نسبت به شرایط کشت فعلی صرفه جویی شد. طبق بررسی های انجام شده مشخص شد که کشت در فضای باز نسبت به کشت گلخانه ای انرژی کمتری مصرف می کند و مقرون به صرفه تر است. در نتیجه، ترویج کشت ریزجلبک در فضای باز به کشت گلخانه ای ارجحیت دارد. Manuscript profile

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597 - تهیه نقشه‌های به روز شده پوشش گیاهی به وسیله پردازش تصاویر ماهواره‌ای: یک راه‌کار در مدیریت پایدار کشاورزی
Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand Shahryar Sobhe Zahedi

یک عامل مهم در مدیریت اقتصادی و کشاورزی پایدار، محاسبه سطح زیر کشت محصولات مختلف است که واردات کشاورزی بدان وابسته است. برنامهریزی مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی، نیازهای کود و سم، آفتکشها و کنترل بیماریهای گیاهی، برآورد تولید کشاورزی، برنامهریزی واردات و More

یک عامل مهم در مدیریت اقتصادی و کشاورزی پایدار، محاسبه سطح زیر کشت محصولات مختلف است که واردات کشاورزی بدان وابسته است. برنامهریزی مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی، نیازهای کود و سم، آفتکشها و کنترل بیماریهای گیاهی، برآورد تولید کشاورزی، برنامهریزی واردات و مالیات، همه به برآورد سطح زیر کشت و تولیدات کشاورزی ارتباط دارد. یکی از مشکلات بخش کشاورزی ایران، فقدان آمار دقیق از سطح زیر کشت محصولات کشاورزی است که این موضوع در تولیدات باغبانی بیشتر است. در طول زمان، سطح زیر کشت محصولات کشاورزی، باغات و اراضی بایر تغییر میکند و در نتیجه برآورد عملکرد به خوبی صورت نمیپذیرد و این مشکلاتی را در برنامهریزی و مدیریت ایجاد میکند. نقشهبرداری زمینی وقتگیر و پرهزینه است، در حالیکه تهیه نقشه به کمک طبقهبندی تصاویر ماهوارهای دارای سرعت زیاد و کم هزینه است. امروزه، تکنیکهای پردازش تصویر در تخمین محصولات و تولید نقشههای به روز شده توسعه یافته است. یک مشکل اساسی، تداخل بازتابهای طیفی گیاهان است که روشهای مختلفی توسط محققین برای تمایز پوششهای گیاهی بر روی تصاویر ماهوارهای پیشنهاد شده است. در این مقاله، پردازش تصاویر ماهوارهای در نقشهبرداری پوشش گیاهی متنوع بررسی شده است Manuscript profile

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598 - ارزیابی کارایی فنی نخلستان های خرما با استفاده از رهیافت تحلیل پوششی داده های بوت استرپ (مطالعه موردی منطقه رودخانه بر ایران)
غلامرضا زمانیان مصطفی خواجه حسنی

منطقه رودخانهبر با حدود 111 هزار اصله نخل کریته، یکی از مهمترین مناطق تولیدکننده محصول خرما در شهرستان رودان محسوب شده و درآمد مردم این منطقه تقریباً بطور مستقیم و یا غیر مستقیم از تولید این محصول تأمین میگردد. در نتیجه کارایی تولید این محصول برای باغدارا More

منطقه رودخانهبر با حدود 111 هزار اصله نخل کریته، یکی از مهمترین مناطق تولیدکننده محصول خرما در شهرستان رودان محسوب شده و درآمد مردم این منطقه تقریباً بطور مستقیم و یا غیر مستقیم از تولید این محصول تأمین میگردد. در نتیجه کارایی تولید این محصول برای باغداران این منطقه از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار است. به همین دلیل این مطالعه با استفاده از تحلیل پوششی دادههای نهاده محور بوت‌استرپ و با نمونه گیری از 50 نخلستان تولیدکننده خرمای کریته منطقه رودخانهبر در سال 1392، به ارزیابی کارایی فنی نخلستانهای این منطقه میپردازد. نتایج بدست آمده بیانگر آن است که 64 درصد تولیدکنندگان خرمای این منطقه با کارایی کمتر از 50 درصد فعالیت نموده و تنها 14 درصد از نخلستانها به صورت کارآمد فعالیت مینمایند. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده پیشنهاد میشود با حمایت جهاد کشاورزی منطقه از فعالیتهای ترویجی، مراکزی جهت تشکیل کلاسهای آموزشی برای باغداران این منطقه دایر شود؛ تا در این مراکز علاوه بر آموزش، فرصتی برای اشتراک گذاری تجربیات باغداران موفق و خبره در جهت تخصیص مناسبتر نهادهها در فعالیتهای سایر باغدارن بوجود آید.  Manuscript profile

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599 - پهنه بندی خطر وقوع زمین لغزش بر روی جاده تهران -چالوس و بزرگراه در دست احداث
آرش متشرعی جعفر قمی اکرم افتخاری بهروز پوزش مهدی شاهماری

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600 - بهینه سازی ضخامت پوشش فلزی و بتنی شفت پنستاک انتقال آب سد سردشت به روش تحلیلی و عددی
حسن بخشنده امنیه حکیمه پیرمرادیان سعید طایی سمیرمی مرتضی رحیمی دیزجی حمیدرضا توکلی

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601 - Analysis of the legislative and supervisory performance of different periods of the Islamic Parliament using two-stage data envelopment analysis
Ahmad Ghanbarian Boroojeni kambiz Shahroodi Alireza Amirteimoori mehrdad Goodarzvand Chegini

Recognizing the significance of decisions and decision-making by the Islamic Parliament and their impact on human societies, it is crucial to evaluate the efficiency of different parliamentary terms, identify strengths and weaknesses, and determine influential factors f More

Recognizing the significance of decisions and decision-making by the Islamic Parliament and their impact on human societies, it is crucial to evaluate the efficiency of different parliamentary terms, identify strengths and weaknesses, and determine influential factors for enhancing future performance. The reformation of the decision-making process is essential as it will result in sound decisions and elevate the political and economic conditions of the country. Thus, the objective of this research is to propose a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to evaluate the performance of various periods of the Islamic Parliament (from the third to the tenth period) in terms of legislation and supervision. In the proposed approach, each term of the Islamic Parliament is considered a two-stage decision-making unit (DMU), with legislation as the first stage and supervision as the second stage. The results suggest that, generally, 50% of the periods are efficient, while the remaining 50% are inefficient. Specifically, Periods C, D, G, and H are identified as efficient periods across both dimensions. However, Period B, in terms of overall performance and the supervision dimension, and Period A, within the legislative dimension, are pinpointed as the most inefficient periods. Additionally, an analysis of the average efficiency scores in legislation and supervision underscores that, overall, the Islamic Parliament has demonstrated superior performance in legislation compared to supervision during various periods. This disparity in performance between the supervisory and legislative aspects has led to higher inefficiencies among the periods characterized as inefficient. Manuscript profile

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602 - تأثیر اصلاح سطحی گرافن بر ضریب پوشش‌دهی امواج الکترومغناطیس نانوچندسازه گرمانرم یورتان/نانوگرافن
اعظم نصراصفهانی علی اصغر کتباب

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603 - استفاده از گرافیت اصلاح شده با نانو ذرات نیکل به عنوان الکترود در پیل های سوختی متانولی
عباس رئوفی کیان سید ابولفضل سید سجادی

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604 - سنتز و آماده سازی نانو پوشش‌های آب گریز سیلیکا به روش سل-ژل- غوطه وری
هانیه محمدزاده لیلا ترکیان مریم دقیقی اصلی

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605 - ساخت نانوذره مولیبدن سولفید پوشش‌دار به منظور تهیه نانوروانکار
مرضیه شکرریز احمد روزبهانی طیبه بیابانی فروزان وکیلی

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606 - Removal, pre-concentration and determination of palladium from different environmental water samples using modified magnetic nanoparticles prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry
مریم حمیدی مجید رمضانی

In this study, a new sorbent based on dimethylglyoxim/sodium dodecyl sulfate - immobilized on TEOS-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2@SDS/DMG) was prepared as a simple, inexpensive, and fast method for pre-concentration and determination of trace amounts of palla More

In this study, a new sorbent based on dimethylglyoxim/sodium dodecyl sulfate - immobilized on TEOS-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2@SDS/DMG) was prepared as a simple, inexpensive, and fast method for pre-concentration and determination of trace amounts of palladium. In the proposed approach, the analytes retained on the sorbent are effectively eluted with thiourea– HCl solution and the absorbance of analyte was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The effects of different parameters on extraction efficiency such as effect of pH, extraction time, type and amount of eluent, and amount of absorbent phase were investigated and optimized by batch procedures. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the preconcentration factor, detection limit, linear range, and relative standard deviation (RSD) of palladium (II) ions were 250, 0.49 μgl-1, 125-3750μ gl-1, and 2.26 % (for 125μ gl-1, n=6), respectively. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the evaluation of Pd2+ in different environmental water samples. Manuscript profile

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607 - Study of two organic compounds containing nitro functional group as temporary protection of steel corrosion
فریبرز اتابکی مهران رادور

Steel parts can be protected against atmospheric corrosion by temporary protective coatings. The inhibitors in temporary protective coating by virtue of adsorption on the metal surface blocking the active sites and thereupon decrease the corrosion rate. In this research More

Steel parts can be protected against atmospheric corrosion by temporary protective coatings. The inhibitors in temporary protective coating by virtue of adsorption on the metal surface blocking the active sites and thereupon decrease the corrosion rate. In this research, two compounds N-)3-nitrophenyl( maleamic acid )NPMA( and N-)2,4-dinitrophenyl( maleamic acid )DNPMA( were synthesized and were added to temporary protective oil coating. These compounds were characterized by FT-IR. Yield of )NPMA( and )DNPMA( were obtained as 80% and 84% yield, respectively. In next stage, 300-3600 ppm of synthesized corrosion inhibitors were added to base oil and used for covering on the surfaces of mild steel samples as temporary protective coatings. The covered steel samples located in chamber constructed according to ASTM D-1748 with 100% relative humidity and their corrosion inhibition determined by optical microscope and weight loss measurements. The results showed that prepared coatings were very efficient. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentrations to 900 ppm, and DNPMA is better than NPMA. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

608 - Synthesis, identification and improvement of thermal and mechanical properties of acrylic coatings by nanoparticles
Shokoufeh Bagheri Maryam Kalantari Somayeh Fozooni Hasan Hashemipour Rafsanjani

The polymer matrix in the organic-mineral hybrid nanocomposites is flexible and lightweight, and inorganic nanoparticles are responsible for high thermal stability and improved their mechanical properties. In this study, Methyl Methacrylate-Butyl Acrylate copolymer (BA- More

The polymer matrix in the organic-mineral hybrid nanocomposites is flexible and lightweight, and inorganic nanoparticles are responsible for high thermal stability and improved their mechanical properties. In this study, Methyl Methacrylate-Butyl Acrylate copolymer (BA-MMA) was synthesized by conventional emulsion polymerization with conversion percentage of 96.15%. In order to synthesize nanocomposite, nanoparticles of silver, titanium dioxide, iron oxide (Fe3O4), unmodified silica, and modified silica with 3-(tri-methoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (MPS) and dichloromethyl vinylsilane (DMVS) modifiers were used. Based on the results of the thermal gravimetric analysis, nanocomposite prepared from BA-MMA copolymer-containing 0.3 g of modified silica with 0.183 milliliters of chloro-methyl vinyl-silane modifier showed the highest thermal stability. Mechanicl resistance of this sample in terms of the scratch was investigated by nano-scratch instrument and the results showed that, the coating with the lower friction coefficient 0.724 and lower scratch coefficient 0.267  has high scratch resistance. Chemical structure of synthesized compounds were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Manuscript profile

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609 - Electrically Conductive nanocomposite foam with electromagnetic wave absorption and shielding ability based on EPDM rubber and MWCNT: Effect of foam morphology and electrical conductivity
Hasti Bizhani Ali Asghar Katbab

10.30495/jacr.2021.682882

In the present study, electromagnetic wave absorber nanocomposite foams based on Ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were fabricated using a chemical blowing agent and compression molding. Foam nanocomposites showed lower el More

In the present study, electromagnetic wave absorber nanocomposite foams based on Ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were fabricated using a chemical blowing agent and compression molding. Foam nanocomposites showed lower electrical percolation threshold and higher electromagnetic wave absorption compared to their solid counterparts. Above the percolation threshold, the foam nanocomposites show a shielding effectiveness of 28-45 dB in the X-band frequency range (8.2- 12.4 GHz). It was shown that the dominant shielding mechanism is absorption for the prepared foams. Also, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the foam was insignificantly affected under repeated bending. Our results indicate the high potential of cross-linked EPDM/MWCNT foams as a lightweight electromagnetic wave absorber with high flexibility and deformability. Manuscript profile

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610 - Provide a Method to Evaluate Business Agility in Manufacturing Firms. Using Data Envelopment Analysis Stage TechniqueCase study: The automobile Trading Companies
علی Ramezani امیر Rahimi Ghazikalayeh مهدی Amirafshari

This research as provide a method to evaluate business agility in maunfacturing firms.using data envelopment analysis stage technique"was performed.the first,the theoretical foundations of research were studied.data sets,at this stage collected,provide the opportunity f More

This research as provide a method to evaluate business agility in maunfacturing firms.using data envelopment analysis stage technique"was performed.the first,the theoretical foundations of research were studied.data sets,at this stage collected,provide the opportunity for researchers explain a concept model.then,using interviews with experts were identified indicators to measure the model variables.In the second stage,designed survey questionnaire.  The results showed agility capacities of organizations are less affected by environmental factors,and these factors most are affected enables agility.and environmental drives are affected organizational agility capacities through instruments enabling agility.and organizational capacities are affected for forming results agility. Finally,using final model and data envelopment analysis stage technique,organizational agility is evaluated.   Manuscript profile

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611 - Automakers Clustering based on Economic Production Function using Data Envelopment Analysis
S. Rezaei Gh.R. Amin M.Gh. Ariyanezhad

DEA-based clustering approach reveals the input–output relationships hidden in the data items of input and output. DEA-based clustering approach employs the piece-wise production functions derived from the DEA method to cluster the car companies. Estimate produ More

DEA-based clustering approach reveals the input–output relationships hidden in the data items of input and output. DEA-based clustering approach employs the piece-wise production functions derived from the DEA method to cluster the car companies. Estimate production function for each car company by input-output data is the benefit of this method. Thus, each car company (like Saipa) not only knows the cluster that it belongs to, but also checks the production function type that it confronts. It is important for managerial decision-making in different fields where decision-makers are interested in knowing the changes required in combining input resources. Manuscript profile

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612 - Estimating the Efficiency of Banks by DEA Approach and Investigating its Relationship with Financial Ratios
Fatemeh Mesgarpour Amiri Naser Yadollah zadeh Tabari

The evaluation of performance of banks due to its crucial role in most economic activitiesand health maintenance of financial markets and economic conditions has always been considered On the other hand, because of the responsibility of DEA models - especially in d More

The evaluation of performance of banks due to its crucial role in most economic activitiesand health maintenance of financial markets and economic conditions has always been considered On the other hand, because of the responsibility of DEA models - especially in detecting and determining the efficiency of banks has led to the use of the above-mentioned models is extensive. The goal of this article is to offer DEA for evaluating the performance of banks. Efficient and inefficient banks have been identified and finally, for the inefficient banking units the reference model has been introduced. In addition, the relationship between financial ratios and efficiency has been studied. The results show that 9 of the 20 units were efficient and the rest were inefficient. 8 financial ratios are presented: capital adequacy ratio, profitability ratios, management ratio and the asset quality ratio had the most direct relationship with performance. Manuscript profile

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613 - A Comparative Study of the Efficiency of Insurance Companies in Iran and MENA Countries
Sousan Shokoohigol Ali Dehghani

The critical role and status of the insurance industry in the modern economy is inevitable. In recent years, particular attention has been paid to the efficiency of insurance companies in Iran. In the sixth program policies, this issue has also been emphasized. A brief More

The critical role and status of the insurance industry in the modern economy is inevitable. In recent years, particular attention has been paid to the efficiency of insurance companies in Iran. In the sixth program policies, this issue has also been emphasized. A brief review of the indicators of the level of insurance penetration, insurance density and the percentage of the total insurance premiums of the world indicate that so far this industry has not achieved its status in the national economy. The first step in the development of insurance is to consider whether insurance companies in Iran, with regard to their resources, are efficient? To this end, insurance industry of Iran and other countries of the MENA were examined. In this study, to measure technical efficiency, non-parametric method of data envelopment analysis and parametric method of stochastic boundary function estimation - to identify the factors affecting the efficiency of insurance companies - and non-parametric method adjustment have been used. Based on the results, the growth of GDP per capita and technical reserves has a positive and significant effect on insurance industry efficiency and the insurance industry of Iran has the highest efficiency among MENA countries Manuscript profile

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614 - Deal agreement on Iranian law and Imami jurisprudence
mostafa yosefzadeh gandvani javad niknehad behnam ghanbarpor

10.30495/alr.2022.1900104.1847

Bargaining agreements play an important role in reducing transaction risk and increasing the efficiency of financial markets and attract cash capital to production units and factories. On the other hand, the lack of accurate knowledge of the nature of this efficient fin More

Bargaining agreements play an important role in reducing transaction risk and increasing the efficiency of financial markets and attract cash capital to production units and factories. On the other hand, the lack of accurate knowledge of the nature of this efficient financial instrument has caused doubts in the use and development through this financial instrument and these contracts should not be common in the financial markets as it should be. The nature of the option contract in the primary markets is determined by the seller's commitment to perform a certain legal action in the future in return for the exchange, and in the secondary markets the transfer of a certain right in return. In this study, we intend to study and analyze the nature, characteristics, effects and provisions of option contracts from the perspective of traditional Iranian law and the teachings of Imami jurisprudence by looking at the economic needs and interests of the country. Regarding the various aspects of the case, Imami jurists will finally conclude that the use of optional contracts is generally legal and sharia, and objections such as arrogance and gambling are not relevant in the said contract and Article 10 of the Civil Code can be the best format. To justify the contract is considered a transaction option and the use of this financial instrument can play a worthy role in the realization of a resistance economy. Manuscript profile

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615 - رابطه بین شاخص های ثبات با کارایی فنی بانک‌های ایران طی سال‌های (1395-1383)
محمود عیسوی فتح اله تاری حبیب انصاری سامانی حسن عموزاد خلیلی

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616 - پوشش ریسک درآمدهای نفتی ایران: رویکرد پوشش ریسک تجمیع یافته
علی طیب نیا محسن مهر آرا آزاده اختری

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617 - پویایی‌های نسبت بهینه پوشش ریسک در بازارهای سهام و طلا: رهیافت VAR-DCC-GARCH
امین حاتمی تیمور محمدی فرهاد خداداد کاشی اصغر ابوالحسنی هستیانی

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618 - Analysis of Gilan by the production and productivity of rice processing industry DEA
SH Kavosi مصطفی Ebrahim por azbari مهدی KHayati

High rates of wastes in rice Conversion Industries at Gilan Province Resulting huge losses to the economy of the farmers and reveals low productivity of factors are used in processing paddy to white rice. so Any change in efficient and effective use of inputs Depends on More

High rates of wastes in rice Conversion Industries at Gilan Province Resulting huge losses to the economy of the farmers and reveals low productivity of factors are used in processing paddy to white rice. so Any change in efficient and effective use of inputs Depends on measuring total production system productivity and to identify factors affecting it. The main goal of this research is measurement of productivity and evaluate of factors affecting on it in Gilan province rice conversion industries. a survey was conducted and the required data were collected by questionnarie 130 samples determined through stratified sampling method. We have used Production Function to measure productivity and evaluate of factors affecting and for ranking of factories Data Envelopment Analysis method have been used. results showed that length of paddy on the surface of dryer machine, Technology gap and gap between actual and potential production have negative effect and factors such as capital intensive, using native varieties, education of factory manager and ratio of paddy purchased by factory to total consumed paddy have positive effect on TFP Manuscript profile

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619 - Hedging stock price of listed industries with exchange rate (Multidisciplinary industry, banking and investment)
مریم بذرائی صالح قویدل قدرت اله امام وردی محمود محمودزاده

This study investigates hedging stock price of the selected industries listed in stock exchange with exchange rate, in order to manage risks of investors in capital market. To do se, the ADCC and DCC models are used. The data for this investigation includes daily stock More

This study investigates hedging stock price of the selected industries listed in stock exchange with exchange rate, in order to manage risks of investors in capital market. To do se, the ADCC and DCC models are used. The data for this investigation includes daily stock return of the listed industries and exchange rate during 2008-2020. The results suggest that there exists symmetric correlation between stock price of these industries and exchange rate in both currency crises. Moreover, in both crises, the highest hedging effectiveness is associated with multidisciplinary industry and investment, whereas the lowest effectiveness is for banking. On the other hand, the biggest rate of hedging in the first and second currency crisis belongs to multidisciplinary industry and banking, respectively. The lowest rate of hedging in both crises belongs to investment industry and the highest weighted mean of optimal portfolio in both crises is found in banking industry. The results of this study provide the investors the opportunity to use hedging and asset allocation strategies in optimal way.  Manuscript profile

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620 - An Appraisal of Rating of Mutual Funds Performance in Iran
امید علی عادلی

The mutual funds are suitable instrument for individuals and legal in order to investment. Evaluating and rating of these mutual funds can be useful guide for investment. The aim of this study was ranked active mutual fund in Iran. For this purpose, the statistical data More

The mutual funds are suitable instrument for individuals and legal in order to investment. Evaluating and rating of these mutual funds can be useful guide for investment. The aim of this study was ranked active mutual fund in Iran. For this purpose, the statistical data during December -2011 to the end of the period of  December 2016 (5 years) is used. The mutual funds selected on the basis traditional criteria and DEA are ranked. Then, according to numerous criteria to rank the full funds have been used TOPSIS. Input and output surplus return funds in traditional measures of risk indicators and data envelopment analysis inputs and outputs, including a variety of risk factors, including the rate of return and of course have been better. After ranking all funds with 8 criteria to criteria used in the ranking of TOPSIS. The results showed that among the 17 funds surveyed Firouzeh, Burseiran and Agah aware ranked first to third and Pishgam fund, brokerage Agricultural Bank fund and the Ganjeneh Refah fund have the final ranking. Manuscript profile

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621 - A Comparative Analysis of Efficiency between Firms Power Production in Iran,
Ebrahim Abassi Shamin Ebrahim

The efficiency and productivity measuring models have changed a lot in past decade, and strong body of theories and software's have been developed. In this article, first we review microeconomic theories about efficiency and then explain two major efficiency measuring m More

The efficiency and productivity measuring models have changed a lot in past decade, and strong body of theories and software's have been developed. In this article, first we review microeconomic theories about efficiency and then explain two major efficiency measuring models include data envelopment analysis (DEA) and SFA.Recent arguments about efficiency criteria start with studies of Coopman and Farrell in 1951. He argues that the issue of economic efficiency measuring in an industry is important from two aspects: one, economy theories and two, for purpose of economic policy making. Economic planning applications in particular industries, have a significant effect on expecting more outcomes without allocating more incomes and resources (efficiency definition). Manuscript profile

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622 - مقایسه نسبت بهینه پوشش ریسک نرخ ارز و طلا در بازار‌های مالی (مطالعه موردیبازار بورس تهران و ‌‌اروپا)
عاطفه شاه آبادی فراهانی امید خداویردی جلال مولابیگی

20.1001.1.25383833.1399.14.52.6.6)

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623 - کاربرد قراردادهای سلف موازی استاندارد بورس انرژی در پوشش ریسک قیمت بازار برق ایران
علی طیب نیا محسن مهر آرا مهران کیانوند

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624 - بررسی کارایی بانک های دولتی و خصوصی بر اساس شاخص‌های بانکداری الکترونیک با استفاده از روش تحلیل پوششی داده ها ((DEA
منیژه هادی نژاد رافیک نظریان فریدون پیری

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625 - سنجش کارایی نسبی و رتبه بندی شعب بانک‌ها، رویکرد پنجره ای: مطالعه موردی استان زنجان
هما درودی محمد باقر امینی

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626 - Dynamic Prediction of Financial Distress: A Case Study
Hamid Rahimi Mehrzad Minooei mohammad reza fathi

10.30495/fed.2024.709360

Abstract Considering the current economic conditions of the country, the number of helpless companies and the importance of financial helplessness are increasing day by day. The increase in economic factors affecting financial helplessness has also increased the comple More

Abstract Considering the current economic conditions of the country, the number of helpless companies and the importance of financial helplessness are increasing day by day. The increase in economic factors affecting financial helplessness has also increased the complexity of investment decisions for these companies. For this purpose, the approach presented in this research, taking into account various financial criteria, provides the possibility of dynamic forecasting of Financial Distress for these decision makers. makes The approach introduced in this research is first by clustering the companies in the proportional cluster of financially helpless and non-helpless with the help of artificial neural network method, self-organizing mapping (SOM) and then by using the data envelopment analysis method based on the worst performance (WPF-DEA). A dynamic forecast of the financial helplessness of the companies admitted to the Tehran Bahadur Stock Exchange was carried out. Using the mentioned method, 105 companies were evaluated and the result of the inefficiency of these companies was predicted during 5 time periods from 2015 to 2019. The dynamic data coverage analysis model based on the worst performance has the ability to evaluate the inefficiency of the examined units, including companies that are members of the Stock Exchange and Securities Organization. Data envelopment analysis has been able to successfully identify the financial helplessness of companies as inefficient decision units. Manuscript profile

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627 - بررسی ویژگی های پوشش گیاهی منطقه آتشفشانی سبلان
علیرضا استعلاجی

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628 - بررسی تطبیقی دروازه بانی تولید اخبار در «شبکه خبر» و «باشگاه خبرنگاران جوان» از نگاه دبیران سرویس و خبرنگاران
سید محمد دادگران میلاد مشهدی رجبعلی

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629 - بررسی میزان و چگونگی پوشش اخبار آموزشی در تلویزیون ایران )مطالعه موردی: اخبار 21 شبکه یک ، 30/22 شبکه دو و 13 شبکه خبر سازمان صداو سیما )
اکبر نصراللهی علی اکبر خسروی بابادی مریم عزیزی

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630 - Determining the Most Important Financing Strategies in the Worn-Out texture of Urban Recreation Targets and Neighborhoods, Using Network Fuzzy Range Adjusted Measure Data Envelopment Analysis (NFRAM DEA) (Case Study: Javanmard Qasab Neighborhood, District 20 of Tehran Municipality)
SARA hadavand Mohammad Ebrahim Mohammadpour Zarandi MEHRZAD minouei

Improvement and redevelopment measures in Worn-Out texture, Urban Recreation Targets, and Neighborhoods,are a multifaceted and progressive issue, and the extent to which these reductions have been beneficial has increased in both dimensions and dimensions. This study ex More

Improvement and redevelopment measures in Worn-Out texture, Urban Recreation Targets, and Neighborhoods,are a multifaceted and progressive issue, and the extent to which these reductions have been beneficial has increased in both dimensions and dimensions. This study examines the idea of whether data envelopment analysis models (Network Fuzzy Range Adjusted Measure Data Envelopment Analysis (NFRAM DEA)) can be used to make the right decisions to finance these areas. This study, through reviewing the literature and examining the theoretical foundations, identifies the factors that influence the selection of financing methods for 50 Javanmard Qasab neighborhood district 20 of Tehran municipality plates (homogeneous plaque in terms of land area). Determines the government and residents and then proposes financing options for each license plate. The results of this study indicate the practical application of data envelopment analysis method (Network Fuzzy Range Adjusted Measure Data Envelopment Analysis (NFRAM DEA)) to calculate the efficiency of financing methods. Manuscript profile

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631 - Measuring and ranking the Ease of business Efficiency in Iran and Selected Countries
mostafa mardani najafabadi nasrin ohadi farshad razmavar

Existence of appropriate business environment and need assessment of factors affecting it to improve national production process and creating new economic capacities is undeniable. The purpose of this study is measuring and ranking the easiness of efficiency of business More

Existence of appropriate business environment and need assessment of factors affecting it to improve national production process and creating new economic capacities is undeniable. The purpose of this study is measuring and ranking the easiness of efficiency of business in upward middle-income countries over a four-year period (2017-2020). For this purpose, 63 middle-income countries were evaluated with fuzzy dynamic multi-objective data envelopment analysis techniques in 10 areas of starting a business, obtaining construction license, cost of energy(electricity), registered property, obtaining credit, protecting minority Investors, paying taxes, cross-border trade, enforcing contracts and bankruptcy. The results showed that there is great potential for increasing efficiency and productivity in all inputs, the success of doing business in different countries is largely influenced by factors such as starting a business, cross-border trading, receiving electricity and supporting minority investors. Guatemala has been ranked one as the best performance in ease of businesses in 2019 and 2020, according to research findings while Iceland's has the worst rankings in 2018 and 2019, and Iran ranked 51st, following an improving trend in 2020 with 29 steps down Manuscript profile

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632 - Bank branches performance evaluation with DEA and cooperative game theory approach
Mahdieh Akhbari Marzieh Mozafari Zahra Abodollahi

Classical data envelopment analysis models calculate the performance of decision-making units based on a common performance boundary and make no distinction between efficient units. In this study, the method of super-efficiency and cross-efficiency is used to rank the e More

Classical data envelopment analysis models calculate the performance of decision-making units based on a common performance boundary and make no distinction between efficient units. In this study, the method of super-efficiency and cross-efficiency is used to rank the efficient branches of banks before the cooperation phase. Then, in the cooperation phase, each efficient branch is considered as a player and the subdivisions of the efficient branches are considered as a coalition, and the problem is examined using the method of cooperative game theory and Shaply value. In this study, the efficiency change variable shows the impact of each efficient branch in different alliances. From the total variable of efficiency change of efficient branches in each coalition, a characteristic function called profit from the coalition is introduced. The value of this characteristic function is determined for all possible alliances and Shaply value is introduced as the solution of this cooperative game and the ranking of efficient branches is presented in terms of cooperation. The resulting model is implemented on a case study and the ranks of efficient branches are compared in the super efficiency method and cross-efficiency (before cooperation) and Shaply value method (after cooperation). Manuscript profile

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633 - الگوریتم مرکب از تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها (DEA)‌ و فرآیند تحلیل شبکه‌ای (ANP) در ارزیابی عملکرد در دانشکده‌ها
اسماعیل نجفی مهدی یزدانی الهه شریعتمداری سرکانی مصطفی مردی

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634 - سنجش توانایی مدیریت شرکت های تولیدی پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
زهره حاجیها منی قیلاوی

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635 - روش ترکیبیBSC و VFB-DEAدر محیط فازی جهت طراحی مدلی برای ارزیابی عملکرد بیمارستان ها
علیرضا علی نژاد جواد خلیلی

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636 - تبیین کارایی و تحلیل بازده‌ها نسبت به مقیاس صنعت برق کشور
محمدرضا حمیدی‌زاده مرجان شهاب‌الدینی

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637 - بررسی ارتباط بین ابعاد سرمایه فکری با عملکرد سازمانی از طریق روش تحلیل پوششی داده (مورد مطالعه: صنعت خودرو)
فاطمه صراف احسان مومنی

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638 - ارزیابی عملکرد، رتبه بندی و ارائه مسیر توسعه با استفاده از رویکرد تحلیل پوششی داده ها(DEA) (مورد مطالعه : شرکت های هواپیمایی مسافربری ایرانی)
نصرت اله شادنوش احسان معینی

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639 - ارائه یک روش ترکیبی از ANP و مدل SAR در تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها جهت مقایسه و رتبه‌بندی گزینه‌ها (مطالعه موردی: محصولات شرکت کرمان موتور)
علیرضا علی نژاد آرش پرویزی

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640 - ارزیابی عملکرد شرکت‌های داروسازی پذیرفته‌شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران با استفاده از رویکرد ترکیبی تحلیل پوششی داده ها و داده کاوی
علیرضا علی نژاد جواد خلیلی

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641 - ارزیابی کارایی سود در زنجیره تامین سه مرحله ای با خروجی های برگشت داده شده با تکنیک تحلیل پوششی داده ها
زهره مقدس شادان صدیق بهزادی محسن واعظ محمد علوی ششتمد

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642 - Proposing a Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) Model for Evaluating Information Efficiency of Reporting Entities
Safdar Alipour esfandyar malekian Hossein Fakhari

10.30495/faar.2022.693668

AbstractThe research objective is to develop a model for evaluating information quality of reporting entities using network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) models. The main motivation is the multidimensional feature of information quality concept with respect to the pr More

AbstractThe research objective is to develop a model for evaluating information quality of reporting entities using network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) models. The main motivation is the multidimensional feature of information quality concept with respect to the proxies and consequences of information quality along with the capabilities of DEA models in evaluating efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs: here the reporting entities) based on different inputs and outputs. In this regard, firstly the most important proxies and consequences of information quality are extracted from literature review and secondly considered as inputs and outputs of consequential two-stage NDEA model depending on their relationships with information quality concept and finally the information efficiency of reporting entities measured using simultaneously the proxies and consequences of information quality. The results revealed differences in DMUs' information efficiencies in different stages suggesting classic viewpoint deficiency of DEA models in evaluating DMUs' efficiency. Moreover, DMUs' efficiencies in first stage (proxies of information quality) are greater than their corresponding efficiencies in second stage (transforming proxies to consequences) and network efficiencies, resulted from optimization of all distinct stages, take an amount between first- and second-stage efficiencies. Among other results of the research in addition to providing a unique amount of network efficiency, is giving explanations for network and its components inefficiency, and identifying benchmarks for optimizations of inputs and outputs of each stage and overall network and setting a way to efficient frontier. Manuscript profile

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643 - رابطه توانایی مدیریت با اجزاء مدیریت ریسک یکپارچه
فرزین رضایی اکرم فیروز علیزاده الهام نورمحمدی

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644 - Managerial over Confidence, Corporate Social Responsibility Activities, Corporate Performance and Financial Constraints
Mohadeseh Shaghaghi Shahnaz Mashayekh

10.30495/faar.2023.707968

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between management overconfidence and social responsibility, to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and performance with the moderating role of managerial overconfid More

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between management overconfidence and social responsibility, to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and performance with the moderating role of managerial overconfidence and to investigate the relationship between corporate responsibility and corporate performance with the role of moderating financial constraints. This study is an appliedresearch in terms of purpose and a descriptive-correlation research in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this research is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Using the data collected from the statistical sample of the research, which includes 138 companies, the research hypotheses were tested. To calculate managerial overconfidence, the capital expenditure ratio was used and to calculate the corporate social responsibility index, data envelopment analysis (DEA) method was used. Social accountability Data envelopment analysis method was used. The results show that managerial overconfidence has a positive and significant relationship with corporate social responsibility. Also, managerial overconfidence weakens the relationship between corporate social responsibility and company performance, and financial constraints do not moderate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and company performance. Manuscript profile

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645 - ارزیابی عملکرد سبد اوراق بهادار – مدل علمی میانگین – واریانس – چولگی در مقایسه با مدل علمی میانگین – واریانس
علی روحی محمد محققی ریاضی

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Open Access Article

646 - بررسی کارائی شرکت های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران با استفاده از روش تحلیل پوششی داده ها و ارتباط آن با بازده سهام
آزیتا جهانشاد زهرا پورزمانی فاطمه اژدری

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647 - رابطه بدبینی مدیریت با کفایت وجه نقدو دفعات پوشش هزینه بهره با توجه به میزان سود انباشته شرکت‌ها
قربانعلی اسماعیل زاده سید علی نبوی چاشمی

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648 - Incompleteness Rate of Registered Mortality Data and the Impact of Reform in Life Expectancy Case Study: Ilam Province, Iran 1395
zinab sadooghi alireza teimouri ali pezhhan

Incompleteness Rate of Registered Mortality Data and the Impact of Reform in Life Expectancy Case Study: Ilam Province, Iran 1395 Zeinab Saddoghi ,Alireza Teimouri Ali Pezhhan Abstract One of the most important components of health planning is mortality. For this purp More

Incompleteness Rate of Registered Mortality Data and the Impact of Reform in Life Expectancy Case Study: Ilam Province, Iran 1395 Zeinab Saddoghi ,Alireza Teimouri Ali Pezhhan Abstract One of the most important components of health planning is mortality. For this purpose, the mortality data accuracy has an important role. This study aimed to evaluate incompleteness rate of recorded mortality data and the Impact of reform mortality data on life expectancy in the province of Ilam in year of2016.This is a descriptive and analytical study. To achieve the objectives of this paper, the Brass method has been used on mortality data that recorded to evaluate the coverage in Ilam province,2016.Using brass growth balance method showed completeness rate of mortality data for total, male, female urban and rural population as, 60%, 73%, 47%, 58% and 62% respectively. For the population groups the adjust values are 1.68, 1.38, 2, 1.72, and 1.59 respectively. For the total population, life expectancy estimated as 79.8 and 75.2 before and after adjustment. The trends for males is 78.9 and 75.1, for females are 81.5 and 75.3, for urban are 79.5 and 74.8 and for rural population are 80.1 and 75.9. from the study concluded that the coverage of mortality has an important role in well estimated life expectancy. Manuscript profile

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649 - Investigating the Effect between Overall & Partial Efficiency of Financing Methods from the Perspective of Governance and Residents of the Worn-Out texture of Urban Recreation Targets and Neighborhoods, Using Network Fuzzy Range Adjusted Measure Data Envelopment Analysis (NFRAM DEA) method (Case Study: Javanmard Qasab Neighborhood, District 20 of Tehran Municipality)
sara hadavand mohammad ebrahim mohammad pourzarandi mehrzad minouei

This analytical-descriptive article seeks to explain the impact of overall and partial of efficiency governance and residents on selected financing methods in the Javanmard Qassab neighborhood. The statistical population was all residential properties located in this ne More

This analytical-descriptive article seeks to explain the impact of overall and partial of efficiency governance and residents on selected financing methods in the Javanmard Qassab neighborhood. The statistical population was all residential properties located in this neighborhood, of which 50 homogeneous license plates were selected in terms of land area by non-random sampling method. Using fuzzy data envelopment analysis model, Network Fuzzy Range Adjusted Measure Data Envelopment Analysis, overall and partial efficiency was calculated and classified into three groups by using the K-means Clustring technique. Findings from Pearson correlation coefficient and F-test & test of significance (Two-tailed) of variance in SPSS software environment show that there is a direct and positive relationship between overall efficiency and part of residents in all financing methods with an average correlation coefficient of 0.834 with a significant level of 99%. It is more prominent in the process of improvement and modernization. The findings show a direct relationship between overall efficiency and governance with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.570. The results suggest that there is no significant relationship between residents' performance efficiency and governance, which indicates a lack of correlation in financing between government and people's interests. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

650 - Mutual fund performance with a different approach to data envelopment analysis
Fatemeh Mehregan

Despite the large number of mutual funds available to investors, paying attention to their ratings is important. Many ranking approaches use subjective weights to integrate fund performance across different time horizons, which can lead to completely different ranking.S More

Despite the large number of mutual funds available to investors, paying attention to their ratings is important. Many ranking approaches use subjective weights to integrate fund performance across different time horizons, which can lead to completely different ranking.So far, the efficiency of the funds has been calculated in the valuation of the funds with the help of data envelopment analysis, and then the portfolio is selected from the efficient funds. In this paper, a new approach and application of the philosophy of data envelopment analysis (input reduction and output increase) is applied and generalized to the concept of risk and return. The proposed model is a new nonparametric technique that focuses on the simultaneous estimation of contractile (risk) and expansion (return) potentials. This approach eliminates any need for mental such as the importance, weighting, and meaningfulness of actions across different time horizons. This approach, based on the performance of the underlying fund relative to other funds, assigns a score to the underlying fund, on which it can rank the funds.This model has been applied to a sample community of 26 mutual funds. The clear results and unique ratings indicate the ability of this model to evaluate and ranking. Manuscript profile

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651 - Development of a Hybrid Model of Dynamic Simulation Systems and Network Data Envelopment Analysis to Predict and Evaluate Services Supply Chain (Case Study of Hormozgan Social Security Branches)
taleb pargar Morteza Shafiee Mohamadali Afsharkazemi kiamars fathihafshjani

The Social Security Organization is the main focus of insurance in the private sector and is the largest insurer and is one of the major economic institutions responsible for providing support to other economic, social and household institutions. Therefore, in order to More

The Social Security Organization is the main focus of insurance in the private sector and is the largest insurer and is one of the major economic institutions responsible for providing support to other economic, social and household institutions. Therefore, in order to provide optimal service in the social security organization, it is necessary to design and implement a system of performance evaluation of the appropriate supply chain. For this purpose, in this study, NDEA was used to evaluate the efficiency and performance of the service supply chain in the social security organization. Because conventional DEA models operate on historical information, their greatest weakness is to determine the efficiency of decision-making units in the past and do not provide a framework for the future, so to solve this problem in this study and to predict future inputs and outputs from the method Simulation of system dynamics is used. In order to show the theoretical findings of the new model presented in a practical way, the performance prediction and performance evaluation of 15 Hormozgan provincial social supply chain branches in three years from 95 to 97 have been discussed.Finally, the efficient and inefficient branches were identified. Manuscript profile

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652 - Evaluation of Bank Branches with Financial Indicators Using Data Envelopment Analysis
somayeh Razipour-GhalehJough ّFarhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Mohsen Rostamy-Maslkhalifeh Hamid Sharafi

Banks play an important role in the economic development of any country as the main part of the financial system. Calculating efficiency and finding the strengths and weaknesses of branches has a significant impact on increasing the efficiency of banks. Data envelopment More

Banks play an important role in the economic development of any country as the main part of the financial system. Calculating efficiency and finding the strengths and weaknesses of branches has a significant impact on increasing the efficiency of banks. Data envelopment analysis is one of the performance evaluation techniques that is able to introduce benchmarks for inefficient decision-making units in addition to estimating relative efficiency. In this paper, using a data envelopment analysis, a model for evaluating efficiency, studying sensitivity analysis of 18 branches of one of the commercial banks of Iran with financial ratios is presented. For this purpose, a model is proposed for output estimating with ratio data. By changing the input values the output values can be estimated. The amount of changes required in the outputs to maintain the efficiency as well as maintaining the rank is possible by using the proposed model with ratio data. Manuscript profile

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653 - Investigate the effectiveness of gold coin dealing to hedge the risk of stock price volatility
Soheila Hoghooghi Mohammad Ebrahim Aghababaei

Investors often aim to reduce the risks associated with traditional assets such as investing in equities. The risk of stock price volatility is one of the concerns that always active investors are trying to manage it. Therefore, this research tries to investigate the ef More

Investors often aim to reduce the risks associated with traditional assets such as investing in equities. The risk of stock price volatility is one of the concerns that always active investors are trying to manage it. Therefore, this research tries to investigate the effectiveness of the hedging stock price volatility methods and its diversification using the gold coin futures. In this study, using monthly data on stock index returns and gold coin future returns between 2008 and 2018, we compare the result’s effectiveness of dynamic hedge ratios using multivariate generalized auto- regressive heteroskedasticity (BEKK-GARCH) and recursive ordinary least square (OLS) methods. The results indicate that the use of the gold coin future is suitable instrument to hedging stock portfolio and the multivariate GARCH method is more effective than the rolling regression method in 5 conditional effectiveness indices, including percentage reduction in variance, percentage reduction in semi-variance, percentage reduction in hedged losses, percentage increase in portfolio excess returns and percentage increase in positive returns. Manuscript profile

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654 - Presentation DEA - MLP Neural NetworkModel in Selecting the Optimal Portfolio: Reviewing the Information Content of Accounting Criteria, Value-Based Criteria and BSC Criteria
Hasan Fattahi Nafchi mehdi arabsalehi Majid Esmaelian

Logical investment decisions require attention to different factors and different criteria at the same time. This goal can be achieved using various methods and algorithms. The purpose of this study is to develop an optimal stock portfolio model using a combination of d More

Logical investment decisions require attention to different factors and different criteria at the same time. This goal can be achieved using various methods and algorithms. The purpose of this study is to develop an optimal stock portfolio model using a combination of data envelopment analysis methods, anomaly clustering algorithm and MLP neural networks.The statistical population of the research is the accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 1386 to 1396. To create an optimal stock portfolio, all available criteria were grouped to reach the optimal stock portfolio.Then, the results were compared in different approaches based on the Sharp ratio. The results of the research indicate that using the combination of data envelopment analysis, anomaly clustering, MLP neural networks and accounting metrics in the provision of an optimal portfolio of stocks led to Increasing Sharp's ratio compared to other approaches (Risk and Efficiency, Value-Based, and Balanced Scorecard). In general, the simultaneous use of hybrid optimization techniques and comprehensive criteria derived from accounting reports can provide a more efficient basket of portfolios and more desirability for the investors. Manuscript profile

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655 - A new Method for Sustainable Portfolio Selection with DEA, TOPSIS and MIP in Stock exchange
Soghra Rezaei Mohsen Vaez-Ghasemi

In today's highly competitive world, the condition of survival and participation in the field of activity, functioning and efficient and effective, is not achieved except through continuous planning, monitoring, control and evaluation. In this regard, we tried to presen More

In today's highly competitive world, the condition of survival and participation in the field of activity, functioning and efficient and effective, is not achieved except through continuous planning, monitoring, control and evaluation. In this regard, we tried to present a mathematical hybrid model for selecting and planning an optimal composition of the shares according to the goals and priorities, in order to obtain the highest compatibility between the final selection and the initial ranking of each share. The proposed model consists of three steps and several steps, the SBM method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) (for initial stock revisions, multi-factor decision-making (TOPSIS)) in uncertainty conditions, for the assessment and ranking of shares in two individual steps and categorized and integer linear programming (IP) for choosing the best stock portfolio with increased scores according to the organization's priorities and constraints. Collect information from reputable sites of five industries active automotive, pharmacy, petrochemical, cement and food industries to the best stock portfolio for investment, due to the impact of algorithms and methods. Manuscript profile

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656 - Design of Credit Risk Assessment Model by Predicting Credit Rating Transfer Using Markov Chain Process
Farid Heidarifar Farhad Hanifi gholamreza zomorodian

In the present study, he presented a statistical sample related to the information of legal and credit customers of Tejarat Bank, accepted in the stock exchange during the years 1398 to 1399. Using factor analysis technique and Delphi method, the variables affecting cre More

In the present study, he presented a statistical sample related to the information of legal and credit customers of Tejarat Bank, accepted in the stock exchange during the years 1398 to 1399. Using factor analysis technique and Delphi method, the variables affecting credit risk were selected and entered into the data envelopment analysis model, and the performance scores of law firms were obtained using them, and then ranked by the Fitch Institute model. Performing and using the results to predict the movement of customers in different groups using the Markov chain process. The results of data envelopment analysis indicate that 7 companies were identified as efficient in the financial approach and 12 companies in the combined approach. The results of the Markov chain show that the average probability of stopping at the current rank in 1400 in the financial condition is 46% and in the combined mode is 53%, the average probability of improving the situation of companies is 23% and the average probability of falling is 20%. Manuscript profile

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657 - Evaluating the efficiency score of investment holdings by considering undesirable variable using FDH model: An approach of Data Envelopment Analysis
alireza ziaei shirkolaei mohammad ebrahim mohammad pourzarandi mehrzad minoee

Data envelopment analysis is a non-parametric method for measuring the performance score of a set of units under evaluation. Recently, the application of data envelopment analysis models in networked or multi-stage structures has been considered by researchers. This pap More

Data envelopment analysis is a non-parametric method for measuring the performance score of a set of units under evaluation. Recently, the application of data envelopment analysis models in networked or multi-stage structures has been considered by researchers. This paper seeks to reinforce the first steps taken to develop DEA network models based on asynchronous technology. To this end, it provides a way to consider undesirable outputs in an asynchronous technology. The models presented in this paper, while calculating the overall performance score in a network system, are able to calculate the performance of each step separately in the presence of undesirable factors without any additional calculation and provide it to the system administrators. Also, to show the accuracy of the proposed model compared to the basic CCR model, we conclude the computational accuracy of the model due to the identification of a number of less efficient units than the CCR model. According to the results, despite the fact that some units are considered as efficient, but due to inefficiency in some stages are considered inefficient and only the National Industrial Holding is considered as the only efficient unit due to the fact that it is efficient in both stages. Manuscript profile

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658 - Ranking of banks based on CAMELS indicators to predict financial distress by logistic regression and Data Envelopment Analysis
Gholam abbas Paidar Morteza Shafiee Fariborz Avazzadeh Fath Hashem Valipoor

It is very important to choose an efficient monitoring system to assess the financial distress of banks, therefore, one of the most important monitoring systems used to assess the financial distress of banks is the CAMELS monitoring system. Which includes six indicators More

It is very important to choose an efficient monitoring system to assess the financial distress of banks, therefore, one of the most important monitoring systems used to assess the financial distress of banks is the CAMELS monitoring system. Which includes six indicators; Capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, revenue quality, liquidity, market risk sensitivity. Therefore, in this study, the criterion of financial helplessness of banks is CAMELS indicators. Initially, 17 banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the fiscal year 1399 were ranked and divided into healthy and helpless financial groups by CAMELS indicators. Then, models, Data Envelopment Analysis and logistic Regression were used to predict the financial distress of banks. Then, with the pairwise comparison test (T), the prediction accuracy of both models was investigated. In logistic regression method, binary model with ForwardlR method was used. And in data envelopment analysis method, SBM model with different application was used. The results showed that the overall accuracy of the logistic regression model is higher than the data envelopment analysis model in assessing financial distress and also the CAMELS monitoring system can be a good assessor for banks' financial distress. Manuscript profile

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659 - Evaluation of financial performance of Iranian insurance companies using two-stage data envelopment analysis technique
Reza Sanei Mohammad fallah Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Farzad Movahedi Sobhani,

insurance companies as one of the most important financial institutions have a special place in economic growth and development , so that efficient performance of this sector will affect other economic sectors.Therefore, evaluating the performance of companies operating More

insurance companies as one of the most important financial institutions have a special place in economic growth and development , so that efficient performance of this sector will affect other economic sectors.Therefore, evaluating the performance of companies operating in this industry and identifying their strengths and weaknesses is of great importance. One of the performance appraisal techniques that has received a lot of attention in recent years is data envelopment analysis. In this paper, using the two-stage model of SORM-SBM data envelopment analysis, the performance evaluation of 21 insurance companies operating in Iran with financial indicators has been performed, which in addition to total efficiency, calculates and shows the efficiency of each company in both marketing and profitability. The company's performance is efficient if it has been efficient in both areas. The model values for each company are also calculated and the relationship between these values and total performance is shown Manuscript profile

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660 - Financial performance measurement of the top 50 companies on the stock exchange using non-radial models of data envelopment analysis
Saeid Rezaeilava Mirfeyz Fallah Masoud Sanei Shokofeh Banihashemi

The purpose of this study is to select the optimal stock portfolio using data envelopment analysis and to carry out the project of stock exchange information about the top 50 active companies in the summer of 1398 and trace the analysis of the same data in the spring of More

The purpose of this study is to select the optimal stock portfolio using data envelopment analysis and to carry out the project of stock exchange information about the top 50 active companies in the summer of 1398 and trace the analysis of the same data in the spring of 1398. To calculate the relative efficiency and progress of companies, a developed data envelopment analysis (SORM) model has been used, where inputs can be changed only at a limited and specified distance, and with the same assumption, the output can be limited to a limited distance. The negative data can be analyzed and the final model facilitates the efficiency and optimization of stock portfolio selection according to the information extracted from the community under discussion. The results of this analysis show that 13 companies achieved a performance equal to 1, which indicates the highest level of efficiency, and Bank Saderat, including 1.32 Fanavaran Petrochemical Company, with the figure of 1.15, has been classified as having the highest progress and growth rate, respectively, on the first and second floors of productivity.Keywords: negative data, data envelopment analysis, ranking indicators, super performance, progress and regression. Manuscript profile

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661 - Evaluating the performance of bank branches using fuzzy network data envelopment analysis model with optional input-undesirable output
Hasan Amini Javid` Mohammad Ebrahim Mohammadpoor Zarandi Mirfeiz fallahshams naghi shoja

The purpose of this research is to provide a model for evaluating the performance of bank branches using the network coverage analysis model using fuzzy data. In this research, an attempt was made to use a model based on the traditional model of data envelopment analysi More

The purpose of this research is to provide a model for evaluating the performance of bank branches using the network coverage analysis model using fuzzy data. In this research, an attempt was made to use a model based on the traditional model of data envelopment analysis, taking into account factors such as the network nature and internal relationships of each decision-making unit, undesirable output, non-optional input, and the variables having a fuzzy nature. which is more consistent with the actual conditions related to the decision-making units and calculates the efficiency in a more accurate way.After presenting the research model, first, based on the studies conducted in the past researches and field studies and obtaining opinions from experts in this industry, indicators were considered as input and output. After identifying the indicators, fuzzy Delphi method was used for initial screening of the indicators. In the following, confirmatory factor analysis technique was used to finalize the screened indicators. At the end of the research, the developed model was solved using the data collected from the studied branches, by Gams software and with the alpha cutting approach. The results indicate that among the 34 investigated branches, 8 are efficient and 26 are ineffective. Manuscript profile

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662 - Evaluating the Performance of Financial Institutions using a Data Envelopment Analysis model in a FDH networks (Case Study: Saman Bank)
Hadise Vahedi-Anvar Narges Norouzi

Today, measuring efficiency is one of the most important methods of performance evaluation in any organization. The outputs obtained in all inputs represent the efficiency. Due to the comprehensiveness of the banking sector, it can be introduced as one of the main areas More

Today, measuring efficiency is one of the most important methods of performance evaluation in any organization. The outputs obtained in all inputs represent the efficiency. Due to the comprehensiveness of the banking sector, it can be introduced as one of the main areas of economic development. In this paper, a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model in a Free Disposal Hull (FDH) network is presented considering the undesirable output for handling the status of the financial deposits in Saman Bank branches. Since the basic models calculate efficiency by considering the overall output and input and ignoring the internal relationships in the banking process flow system; therefore, by considering this issue, in this paper, we present a DEA model that calculates the efficiency score of the branches with the high accuracy. Then the proposed model is compared to the basic CCR model. Finally, the cross-performance method is used to rank the units of the branches. Manuscript profile

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663 - Providing an Optimal Financing Model of Entrepreneurship Through Acquisition (ETA) Perspective of Entrepreneurs and Investors Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
Maryam Amiri Mohsen Rostamy-Maslkhalifeh Afsaneh Zamani Moghadam

In the past, attempts have been made to conceptualize all purchases based on the LBO model and through the lens of agency theory. This view of the past has severely limited the ability of financial engineers to create models and tools for entrepreneurship motivation. ET More

In the past, attempts have been made to conceptualize all purchases based on the LBO model and through the lens of agency theory. This view of the past has severely limited the ability of financial engineers to create models and tools for entrepreneurship motivation. ETA is a window to revitalize businesses by acquiring small businesses with entrepreneurial capacity instead of starting a start-up business.In this study, according to behavioral, financial, economic, social, and legal indicators, the efficiency degree of entrepreneurship through acquisition models using the non-parametric method of data envelopment analysis based on output-oriented BCC and CCR models from the entrepreneurs and investors' perspectives in the Iranian market. We have demonstrated a comprehensive ranking of the models based on the Anderson and Peterson (A&P) model finally.The results show that based on the output-oriented BCC and CCR models, the crowdfunding model from the perspective of entrepreneurs, and the incubator model from the perspective of inefficient investors. According to Anderson and Peterson model, the optimal model from the point of view of investors is the sponsor model and from the entrepreneurs' view, the self-fund model was considered with the highest efficiency and compliance according to the indicators Manuscript profile

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664 - بررسی رابطه نسبتهای سودآوری با کارایی درموسسات آموزش عالی غیر دولتی با استفاده از تکنیک تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA)
محمد محمودی حسین بدیعی روح اله رضازاده

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665 - پیش بینی درماندگی مالی شرکت های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران با استفاده از شبکه بیزی ساده و مقایسه آن با تحلیل پوششی داده ها
علی اسماعیل زاده مقری هاجر شاکری

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666 - Evaluate the performance of bank branches using the control approach in analyzing the data cover weight
mahnaz Ahadzadeh Namin elaheh khamseh Farzaneh Mohamadi

DEA-based methods for assessing the effectiveness of data envelopment analysis (DEA), in which the input and output weights are limited, has the ability of bank branches to use unlimited weights that are consistent with exaggerated judgments, adjusted prices, taking int More

DEA-based methods for assessing the effectiveness of data envelopment analysis (DEA), in which the input and output weights are limited, has the ability of bank branches to use unlimited weights that are consistent with exaggerated judgments, adjusted prices, taking into account the risk associated with operating costs and costs Non-operational. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of first-class branches of a commercial bank in Iran using the weight limitation model in data envelopment analysis. Firstly, the important indicators for assessing the performance of bank branches were identified according to previous studies and then, according to the opinion of the banking experts and data envelopment analysis, to evaluate the efficiency of the first grade bank branches, which include two input indicators and four output indicators, will be finalized. After collecting information about 40 first-class branches of the bank in two half-yearly years in 1395, the DEA model will be evaluated without any restrictions on the first grade bank branches. This will also be done with limited DEA models. Finally, using descriptive statistics and statistical tests, we will show that the applied weight limit improves the performance of the performance of first-class bank branches. Manuscript profile

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667 - Analysis of Common Weighting Method in Data Envelopment Analysis Based on Customer Satisfaction of Companies Active in Tehran Stock Exchange
Zahra Bodaghi Mahnaz Ahadzadeh Namin Shadi Shahverdiani

The traditional data envelopment analysis model allows the decision maker unit (DMU) to use the most favorable weights to evaluate the efficiency. This type of evaluation with the most flexibility can prevent the full ranking of DMUs and the evaluation results for DMUs More

The traditional data envelopment analysis model allows the decision maker unit (DMU) to use the most favorable weights to evaluate the efficiency. This type of evaluation with the most flexibility can prevent the full ranking of DMUs and the evaluation results for DMUs are unacceptable. To solve this problem in data envelopment analysis, a common weight approach based on the concept of the degree of satisfaction of a DMU has been introduced. Also, to solve a common weight model, which is a nonlinear model, an algorithm is presented that can be modeled step by step. In this paper, we will evaluate the performance of companies active in Tehran Stock Exchange using a common weight model for 24 companies active in Tehran Stock Exchange. The weighted average performance of Tehran Stock Exchange companies for the years 1394 and 1395. The results show that this method will rank companies without any interference during these two years. Manuscript profile

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668 - تعیین ساختار بهینه سرمایه با استفاده از شاخص های سنجش عملکرد مبتنی برارزش به کمک تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA)
سیدعلی‌اکبر حسینی یوسف نجفی

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669 - Risk hedging by use of Hybrid future contracts index (Case: Iran financial market)
Hamid Eskandari Ali Asghar Anvary Rostamy Ali Husseinzadeh Kashan

Former local and foreign researches in risk hedging area have investigated optimum delivery month and optimum risk hedging ratio. In this research risk hedging by use of all delivery months by use of weekly data is discussed because of low number of transactions and con More

Former local and foreign researches in risk hedging area have investigated optimum delivery month and optimum risk hedging ratio. In this research risk hedging by use of all delivery months by use of weekly data is discussed because of low number of transactions and contract's volumes in Iran Mercantile Exchange. Three scenarios are defined. For this purpose three scenarios is defined. In the first scenario the number of positions on each delivery month is equal with the number of trades on each delivery month in previous week. In the second scenario positions are taken based on number of trades in previous trading day and in the third scenario positions are taken base on average number of trades in the last week. However, optimum hedge ratio should be considered in each delivery month. Static hedging ratio by use of minimum variance method and different econometrics models for in the sample and out of sample tests is calculated. Results show that three scenario has the ability to reduce risk. In the sample tests indicate that the first scenario with use of VAR model has the best efficiency and in the out of sample tests second scenario with Tarch model has the best efficiency. Manuscript profile

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670 - A new model for calculating the efficiency of existing cement companies with a network structure (an application of data envelopment analysis)
Mohammad hossein darvish motevalli Farhad hosseinzadeh lotfi naghi shoja amir gholamabri

The purpose of this paper is to present a new model of data envelopment analysis with network structure to evaluate the performance of Tehran cement companies. For this purpose, cement companies listed on the stock exchange during the years 93-95 were evaluated. The res More

The purpose of this paper is to present a new model of data envelopment analysis with network structure to evaluate the performance of Tehran cement companies. For this purpose, cement companies listed on the stock exchange during the years 93-95 were evaluated. The results showed that the new model can evaluate the performance of these factories - which have a network structure and include multiple indicators - and, in addition to commonly used financial and technical indicators, to consider undesirable outcomes and sustainability criteria in the supply network. Meanwhile, the mindset of decision makers about the preferential importance of some indicators relative to each other is also considered in the form of weight constraints to bring the efficiency closer to the real value. According to the results, the factories are divided into two categories: efficient and inefficient. Based on this new model, only 7 cement supply companies have been able to achieve efficiency within the three surveyed periods of the 42 listed companies. Manuscript profile

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671 - تحلیل بنیادی سهام با استفاده از تحلیل پوششی دو مرحله‌ای
سیده عاطفه حسینی منیره ابویی مهریزی جواد حلوایی اسماعیل شاه طهماسبی رامین وران

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672 - ارزیابی کارایی نسبی شرکت هواپیمایی جمهوری اسلامی ایران (هما) در مقایسه با شرکت‌های برتر هواپیمایی جهان با استفاده از تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها (DEA)
محمد علی افشارکاظمی عباس طلوعی اشلقی رکسانه چرخچی

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673 - تخمین حدآستانه‌ای کارا برای مدل‌سازی و تخمین سرمایه پوششی
احمد پویان فر سعید بیتی علی حبیبی

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674 - استفاده از تکنیک تحلیل پوششی داده ها برای سنجش کارایی شرکت های تولیدی پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران با استفاده از مدل مبتنی بر گزارشگری مالی
زهره حاجیها مونا قیلاوی

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675 - بررسی عملکرد شبکه‌های عصبی مصنوعی در پیش‌بینی کارایی سرمایه فکری
علی فاضل یزدی روح الله تقی زاده مهریزی محمدحسین طحاری مهرجردی

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676 - Feasibility of Currency hedging for exporter and importer companies by Using the Iran Mercantile Exchange Coin futures contract
ali rostami Gholamreza Zomordian Meysam Alimohammadi

One of the most important applications of futures, hedging is that this application is also evident in the futures coins and various stakeholders can use it. In this paper, using time series dollar in free market and price of futures contracts coin during the period 139 More

One of the most important applications of futures, hedging is that this application is also evident in the futures coins and various stakeholders can use it. In this paper, using time series dollar in free market and price of futures contracts coin during the period 1390 to 1393 to assess the risk of cross hedging exchange rate using futures contracts coin. First, the correlation between the exchange rate and price time series econometric model for future Coin vector regression (VAR) found. After the confirmation of residual autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity conditional on the VAR, the model BEEK (which is a multivariate GARCH model), conditional variance Currency and coins was estimated future prices and then by minimum variance hedge ratio was calculated for different maturities and the profit or loss resulting from currency risk hedging gain or loss resulting from exchange rate fluctuations were real. The results show that there is a high correlation with the price of the coin exchange rate (US Dollar), possibility of covering cross-currency risk using futures contracts provide for gold coins. Also, due to long-term memory between exchange rate fluctuations and price estimation of future coins hedge ratio through BEEK-GARCH model, and using this model include more than 70 percent to compensate losses from currency risk. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

677 - Performance Evaluation of Stocks in Different Time Periods under Uncertainty: Fuzzy Window Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
Pejman Peykani Emran Mohammadi farhad hosseinzadehlotfi reza tehrani Mohsen Rostamy-Maslkhalifeh

The purpose of the present study is to provide a fuzzy window data envelopment analysis (FWDEA) model in order to financial performance evaluation of stocks over different time periods under the uncertainty of the data. In other words, in this research, we will try to p More

The purpose of the present study is to provide a fuzzy window data envelopment analysis (FWDEA) model in order to financial performance evaluation of stocks over different time periods under the uncertainty of the data. In other words, in this research, we will try to present a new approach to assess the stock's performance with the ability to be implemented in the presence of uncertain panel data. Because the use of information about several time periods rather than a time period, as well as taking into account the uncertainty in the data, can lead to more reliable results in the process of stock evaluation. It is necessary to explain that in modeling and presenting the mentioned approach, data envelopment analysis, window analysis and possibilistic programming have been used. Finally, the fuzzy window data envelopment analysis model was implemented on 5 stocks of the chemical industry in Tehran stock exchange for four periods from 2013 to 2016, and the results indicate that the FWDEA method is effective. Manuscript profile

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678 - The Relationship between Managers' Efficiency in Creating Operational Cash Flows on Real Earnings Management
Mohaddese Abedini Bahman Banimahd Mehdi Moradzadehfard Azam Shokri Cheshmehsabzi

10.30495/jdaa.2023.705525

AbstractBusiness enterprise management should always look for opportunities to increase the value of the company. Without generating sufficient cash, new products cannot be produced and sold, therefore, the value of fim will not improve without generating sufficient ope More

AbstractBusiness enterprise management should always look for opportunities to increase the value of the company. Without generating sufficient cash, new products cannot be produced and sold, therefore, the value of fim will not improve without generating sufficient operating cash. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to measure the efficiency of managers in creating operating cash flow based on data envelopment analysis, in line with the goals of financial reporting, and then examine the relationship between the efficiency score and real earnings management. The statistical population of the research is the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Theoretical foundations and research data have been collected according to library studies. Multivariable linear regression was used for statistical analysis. The results of this research show that the efficiency of managers in creating operating cash flows during the research period is a downward trend. Also, the efficiency of managers in creating operating cash flows has a negative and significant relationship with real earnings management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

679 - Effect of late season drought stress and foliar application of nitrogen on yield and some physiological traits of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum)
Majid Rostami Abdolreza Ahmadi Hoda Mohammadi

In order to study the effects of late season drought stress and foliar application of nitrogen on physiological traits and grain yield of wheat an experiment was conducted as strip-plot based on complete randomized blocks design (CRBD) with three replications. The horiz More

In order to study the effects of late season drought stress and foliar application of nitrogen on physiological traits and grain yield of wheat an experiment was conducted as strip-plot based on complete randomized blocks design (CRBD) with three replications. The horizontal factor were irrigation treatments (i.e. IR1: full irrigation, IR2: cutting irrigation at grain dough stage and IR3: cutting irrigation at grain milk stage) and the vertical factor were foliar application of nitrogen as urea (N1: control, N2: foliar application of 20 kg. ha-1 urea at flowering stage, N3: foliar application of 20 kg. ha-1 urea at milk stage and N4: foliar application of 20 kg. ha-1 urea at flowering and milk stage). Based on results effects of irrigation and interaction of treatments on relative water content was significant. Effects of experimental treatments and interaction of treatments on leaf chlorophyll were significant. The main effect of irrigation treatment on canopy temperature and hectoliter weight was significant and highest and lowest values of these traits observed in full irrigation and IR3 treatments, respectively. The experimental treatments and interaction of treatments significantly affect grain protein content and decreasing irrigation resulted in increasing grain protein content. Although by cutting the irrigation, protein content in both of treatments (IR2 and IR3) increased but by considering the grain yield it seems that cutting irrigation at grain dough stage is more suitable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

680 - Effect of planting date and plant density on net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf chlorophyll index and grain yield of soybean in Meghan and Karaj areas
Hossein Sadeghi حسین حیدری شریف آباد آیدین حمیدی قربان نورمحمدی حمید مدنی

In order to study the effects of canopy temperature during reproductive growth stages on physiological characteristics and Soybean grain yield through different planting dates and plant densities, an experiment was conducted as split factorial based on Randomized Comple More

In order to study the effects of canopy temperature during reproductive growth stages on physiological characteristics and Soybean grain yield through different planting dates and plant densities, an experiment was conducted as split factorial based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in Karaj and Moghan areas in 2011-2012. The factors included three planting dates, May 5th, June 5th and July 5th, three plant densities, 300, 400 and 500 thousand p/ha and two cultivars, Williams and L17. Results showed that the net photosynthesis in Karaj (16.14 µmol Co2 m-2s-1) was lower than Moghan area (19.13 µmol Co2 m-2s-1). The maximum stomatal conductance (330.6 mmol m-2 s-1) and net photosynthesis (19.13 µmol Co2 m-2s-1) were related to planting date at June 5th. The highest stomatal conductance (325 mmol m-2 s-1) was observed in 400000 p/ha. The leaf chlorophyll index at 300 and 400 thousand p/ha in Moghan region was more than Karaj. The second planting date and second plant density had the maximum rate of grain yield (3142 and 3154 kg/ha respectively). Except chlorophyll index, there was no significant difference in other traits between cultivars and the highest chlorophyll index was related to Williams cv. in Karaj area. According to the results and in order to prevention of encountering the pod set and grain filling stages with high canopy temperature, it is better that soybean planted in mid of June with 400000 p/ha. Manuscript profile

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681 - The effect of grazing intensity on vegetation and soil at different distances of village critical centre (Case study: Panjalo village in Moghan)
Sahar Ghafari Ardavan Ghorbani Kallam-allah Arjmand Ali Teymorzadeh Azad Kakehmami Sima Jafari

The aim of this study effect of different grazing intensities in the degradation of rangeland, on the same vegetation type with almost the same ecological condition, on the indicators of vegetation and soil properties in the rangeland of Panjalo village in Ardabil provi More

The aim of this study effect of different grazing intensities in the degradation of rangeland, on the same vegetation type with almost the same ecological condition, on the indicators of vegetation and soil properties in the rangeland of Panjalo village in Ardabil province was conducted. At each site three transects and in each transect 10 plots of 1m² was taken. In each plot, the parameters of density, production, canopy cover, litter, bare soil and stone and gravel were recorded. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-30 cm. The soil parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, potassium, lime, phosphorus, organic carbon and nitrogen were measured. One-way analysis of variance and Duncan test were used to examine all parameter means equality and grouping of treatments respectively. The results showed the highest production and canopy cover (129/61 gr/m2 and 87/41%) in the light grazing and the lowest (71/91 gr/m2 and 25%) in the heavy grazing. The highest bare soil and stone and gravel amount (65/63 and 5/31%) in the heavy grazing and the lowest (10/05 and 0%) in the light grazing were observed. The highest diversity and richness (0/85 and 2/28) in the medium grazing and the lowest (0/79 and 2/08) in the heavy grazing were observed. The results showed that by increasing grazing intensity, the amount of EC, lime and phosphorus were increased (P<0/01). The highest amount of potassium (3/96) and pH (7/82) in the medium grazing and the lowest amount of organic carbon in the heavy grazing were observed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

682 - The effect of seed coating on dry weight of pasture Astragalus adscendens under different conditions of humidity and sowing depth
M. Rezayee H.R. Mehrabi M. Farahpor

Coating the seed is one of the amplifying methods that stock different materials on the outer surface of the seeds and increases seed efficiency. This study investigated the effect of coating seed on dry weight of pasture species of Astragalus adscendens under different More

Coating the seed is one of the amplifying methods that stock different materials on the outer surface of the seeds and increases seed efficiency. This study investigated the effect of coating seed on dry weight of pasture species of Astragalus adscendens under different conditions of drought and planting depth and was completely applied in randomized plan and factorial with four replications. Treatment of covering material was used in four uncoateded surfaces (NC), mineral-based material (CC), organic- based material (OC) hydrogel -based material (HC), treatment of soil moisture percentage was applied at three levels 9%, 14% and 21% in weight of dry soil, planting depth treatment in two plant surfaces and three times of the seed diameter. The main treatment results indicated that moisture treatment and planting depth (P <0.01) levels were significant and also treatment of coating materials had no significant effect. In examining of the interaction of dual no significant differences in weight between treatment covers and control group was observed, but it made descriptively main differences because there was not any growth in the moisture level of 9% and shallow cultivation (high stress) compared with coating materials treatment so that it can be effective in enhancing plant performance. 'font-s�1.HӀ �]� family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"B Lotus";mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:FA'>OC) و ماده با پایه هیدروژل (HC)،  تیمار درصد رطوبت خاک در سه سطح 9%، 14% و 21% وزن خاک خشک، تیمار عمق کاشت در دو سطح کشت سطحی و سه برابر قطر بزرگ بذر استفاده شد. نتایج تیمارهای اصلی نشان داد که تیمار رطوبت و عمق کاشت معنی‌دار بوده و تیمار مواد پوششی اثر معنی‌داری(P<0.01) نداشت. در بررسی اثر متقابل دوگانه نیز اختلاف معنی‌داری به لحاظ وزن خشک  بین تیمارهای پوشش دهنده و شاهد مشاهده نشد. در بررسی اثرهای متقابل سه‌گانه با افزایش رطوبت و عمق کاشت اگرچه وزن خشک روند افزایشی داشت، اما از لحاظ آماری معنی‌دار نشد، ولی از لحاظ توصیفی تفاوت نسبتاٌ زیادی ایجاد کرد. در سطح رطوبت 9% و کشت سطحی (تنش بالا) تیمار شاهد نسبت به  تیمار مواد پوششی، رشدی نداشته، که میتوان نقش مواد پوششی را در بالا بردن عملکرد گیاه موثر دانست. Manuscript profile

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683 - Effect of some soil properties on establishment of Tamarix ramossisima in waste dams of Processing factory in Iran Central Iron Ore company of Bafgh
A. Rezaipoorbaghedar M. Sadeghinia M. H. Hakimi A. Azimzadeh2

Understanding the relationship between vegetation and soil is one of the most important parameters to determine the proper location for reclamation and management of natural resource and ecosystem. To learn about the effect of soil properties on distribution of Tamarix More

Understanding the relationship between vegetation and soil is one of the most important parameters to determine the proper location for reclamation and management of natural resource and ecosystem. To learn about the effect of soil properties on distribution of Tamarix ramossisima established in dams filled with wastes of processing factory in Iran Central Iron Ore Company of Bafgh, the information about the vegetation cover and plant density in three dams filled with wastes were collected after fulfilling the dehydrating. After drilling 12 profiles (4 profiles per dam) accidentally, distribution of soil grain (clay, silt, and sand) namely, organic carbon, lime, gypsum, pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, No3, SAR, and total N were determined in the laboratory. The result of Kruskal Wallis Test demonstrated that three dams have significant differences at the first depth for No3, Mg, Na, SAR, and EC and at the second depth for lime, Mg, Na, K, SAR, and EC. Principal components analysis (PCA) on 32 variables indicated that the first axis included EC at the second depth, No3 at the first and second depths, P at the second depth, sand and silt at the second depth, clay at the first depth, SAR at the second depth, gypsum at the first depth, Ca, Na, Mg, K at the second depth explain 56.6% of the variations and the second axis included EC at the first depth, P at the first depth, lime at the second depth, organic carbon at the first depth, total N at the second depth, silt at the first depth, clay at the second depth, and Ca, Mg, and K at the first depth explain 43.3% of the variations. The results show that more availability of calcium, silt, and organic carbon at the first depth and total N, lime at the second depth caused more establishment of Tamarix ramossisima. In addition, more availability of EC, P, Mg, and K at the first depth and clay at the second depth caused poor establishment of Tamarix ramossisima in waste dam of production plants.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

684 - A study of vegetation in Sistan region through satellite data
H. Shafei S. M. Hosseini

Desertification means land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and semi-humid areas, which happens due to changes in climatic conditions and human activities. Sistan plain is a dry area in the eastern part of Iranthat is suffering from desertification as the main problem. T More

Desertification means land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and semi-humid areas, which happens due to changes in climatic conditions and human activities. Sistan plain is a dry area in the eastern part of Iranthat is suffering from desertification as the main problem. The main purpose of this two-year study is to assess changes in the vegetation of the region within the time period from1990 to 2006. Field sampling, satellite images, and related software were used to conduct the present study. First of all, field sampling method was randomly and systematically performed in 26 well-known sites. For each site, nine 10×10 m plots were recorded. In the next stage, the required processes were conducted on the satellite images and vegetation indices were generated. Correlation analysis was performed between data related to land coverings and spectral values of corresponding pixels. The highest correlations obtained among 83 estimated indicators were related to indices of WDVI, NDVIab, TSAVI2 and MSAVI1, respectively. The obtained images were classified into two coverage and non-coverage groups. Then the precision of plots were evaluated and the highest precision of 83.27% was related to the plot taken for WDVI which had the highest correlation coefficient (p<0.01 and R2 =0.89) as well. Based on these plots, vegetation rate was determined as 101247 acre for 1990 which decreased to 26475 acres for 2006.         ایج این آزمایش نشان داد در شرایط شور استفاه از رقم اکبری و بذرمالی+محلولپاشی اسید سالیسیلیک مناسبترین تیمار جهت حصول عملکرد مطلوب بود.   م در هکتار بیشترین وزن تر را داشت. در بین الگوهای کاشت مورد مطالعه، الگوی کاشت یک طرفه بیشترین وزن تر را با 13519 کیلوگرم در هکتار و بیشترین میزان بیوماس را با 7200 کیلوگرم در هکتار به خود اختصاص داد. در بین تراکم های آزمایش شده، بیشترین وزن تر با 13084 کیلوگرم در هکتار، بیشترین میزان بیوماس با 44/2467 کیلوگرم در هکتار و بیشترین تعداد میوه با 4/13450 میوه از تراکم 80000 بوته در هکتار بدست آمد.    Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

685 - Evaluate the Performance of the Industrial Parks of Zanjan Province Using DEA
Behjat Abchar Homa Doroudi

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Open Access Article

686 - Performance Evaluation Model for Hospitals Using BSC and Fuzzy VFB-DEA
alireza alinezhad Javad Khalili

Improving efficiency is one of the most important indicators to evaluate the Organization performance and the most basic and the first step to improve efficiency is measure and evaluate it. So far, little researches has been conducted on the hospitals performance evalua More

Improving efficiency is one of the most important indicators to evaluate the Organization performance and the most basic and the first step to improve efficiency is measure and evaluate it. So far, little researches has been conducted on the hospitals performance evaluation using the combined of balanced scorecard (BSC) and data envelopment analysis (DEA). But in the researches has found by the researcher; 1. Simple performance of units has calculated using DEA classic models, which have two limitations: a) self-evaluation; and b) a lack of recognition between efficient DMUs; The new VFB-DEA cross efficiency model used in this research eliminates these limitations and makes the evaluation results more reasonable. 2. Conditions of uncertainty are not considered if some performance indicators require human judgment, to overcome this problem, the development of the VFB-DEA cross efficiency   model in fuzzy environment is done by the researchers. This research attempts by using fuzzy data envelopment analysis (FDEA) and BSC to evaluate the public hospitals performance in Mashhad during 2014. In this regard, the indicators used to evaluate the performance of health care in situations in past studies and with health experts, three indicators of Staff satisfaction, capita Education and the cost of medicine and supplies, and three indicators of patient satisfaction and the average length of stay and percentage of bed occupancy, in four perspectives of the balanced scorecards elected as input indicators and output indicators. Then, using a new model VFB-DEA in fuzzy environment, mentioned units were evaluated. The results show in the VFB-DEA model thehospital2is ranked first and the hospital 1 and 6 are the most inefficient hospitals. Given the uncertainty and determination of input and output indicators based on a balanced scorecard, the proposed model is more accurate than the past models and enables managers to make better and more accurate decisions to improve the efficiency of organizations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

687 - Study of the amount and type of nitrogen source on sunflower yield and yield components in Markazi province
Hamid Madani GHolam hosien Khadraee Amir hosein Shirani Rad hosein Mirahmadi Eraghi

     In order to  investigate  the  quantity  and  source  of  nitrogen  and  nitrogen  coated  urea  on  yield  and  growing  index  in  sunflower  hybrid More

     In order to  investigate  the  quantity  and  source  of  nitrogen  and  nitrogen  coated  urea  on  yield  and  growing  index  in  sunflower  hybrids  ,  an  experiment  was  conducted  in  research farm of Agricultural Jahad Organization in Arak during 2006. The main goal of  this  research was determining  the  suitable  quantity  and  kind  of  nitrogen  application  to  reach the maximum grain yield and oil yield of two sunflower cultivars in climatic  conditions of Arak as provincial center of Markazi  province. The  experiments was done  with different  treatments of  nitrogen and  nitrogen  coated  urea  each  in 3 levels (25, 50,  100 kg/ha) of  recorded cultivar  and  Liza–R–M  hybrid  based on  factorial  experiment  in  RCB with four replications. Some of compared characteristics were considered as, plant  height, hay yield weight, head diameter, disk seed weight, 1000 seed weight, seed yield,  harvest index, oil percentage, oil yield and rate of crop growing.  The  result  of  experiment  showed  that  application  of  different  nitrogen  levels  had  significant  difference  on  the  rate  of  growing but the oil  percentage  had  no  differences. The  highest  grain  yield  was  related  to record cultivar  with average 3.36 ton/ha and the treatment of 100 kg/ha  nitrogen  coated urea with  average  3.96  ton/ha. The  comparison  of  different  treatments  showed  the highest increase in the crop growth rate in treatment of 100 kg/ha  nitrogen coated urea  much  more  than  the  others. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

688 - Competition effects of lambs quarters (Chenopodium album) on physiological characteristics and rapeseed yield (Brassica napus cv. Hyolla 401)
B. Mirshekari

         In order to determination of effects of lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) on physiological characteristics and yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), cv. Hyolla, a factorial experiment was carried out. Factors were wee More

         In order to determination of effects of lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) on physiological characteristics and yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), cv. Hyolla, a factorial experiment was carried out. Factors were weed densities (4, 8 and 12 plants per meterof row) and relative time of weed emergence (emerged with rapeseed, 15 and 30 days after crop emergence). Crop leaf area index decreased from 3.1 in control to 1.4 in full season interference of 12 weeds per meterof row (121% reduction). Regarding to leaf chlorophyle content, difference between treatments of full season interference of 12 weeds and control was significant. Rapeseed green cover was the highest, when weed emerged 30 days after crop. Crop yield reduced 47%, compared with control, when 12 weeds competed with crop until late growth season. Rapeseed green cover, thousands seed weight and fruit number per plant could totally explain 895 of crop yield changes. Threshold of economical damage of lambsquarter in rapeseed field was in 4 weeds per meter of crop row in 30 days after emergence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

689 - Optimal hedging of quantitative risk based on Markov regime change in coin futures contract
Sayyed Mohammad Reza Davoodi Marzieh Karami Chamgordani Sayyed AmirReza Hashemi

10.30495/afi.2023.1966058.1152

Objective: One of the key roles of futures markets is to provide risk hedging tools. The optimal strategy for risk hedging is determined by estimating the risk hedging ratio. Calculating the risk hedging ratio and the effectiveness of hedging explicitly depend on the re More

Objective: One of the key roles of futures markets is to provide risk hedging tools. The optimal strategy for risk hedging is determined by estimating the risk hedging ratio. Calculating the risk hedging ratio and the effectiveness of hedging explicitly depend on the relationship between futures prices and spot prices. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate the optimal risk hedging ratio in various timeframes under low and high volatility conditions using a Markov regime-switching multivariate regression model.Methodology: The slope obtained from the Markov regime-switching multivariate regression, representing the optimal risk hedging ratio, is chosen, which is dependent on the choice of timeframes and two cases for the multivariate regression model are adopted according to the level of volatility considered.Findings: The research results on 5 futures contracts in the period from 2014 to 2018 indicate that in three markets, normal (composite), low volatility, and high volatility, risk hedging has been able to reduce risk by at least 20%. In the high volatility market, the optimal risk hedging ratio has reduced volatility by at least 23% in all timeframes (with the mean square error criterion), and the 0/95 timeframe performs the best in terms of the highest reduction in volatility and the lowest risk hedging ratio. In the low volatility market, the optimal risk hedging ratio has reduced volatility by at least 58% in all timeframes, and the 0/05 timeframe performs the best in terms of the highest reduction in volatility and the lowest risk hedging ratio. In the composite market, the optimal risk hedging ratio has also reduced volatility by 21%.Originality / Value: The results of this study not only contribute to the literature on risk hedging but also assist all stakeholders and users in evaluating the level of attention to the risk hedging topic. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

690 - Hedging investments with cryptocurrencies in Iran
Raziyeh Eskandari Hossein Panahian Rasol Eskandari Hasan Ghodrati Ghzaani Mahdi Madanchi Zaj

Objective: Knowing the capability of cryptocurrencies in the country's economy can lead to targeting investments and stabilizing the value of the portfolio. Use of cryptocurrencies to risk Hedging of investments can be a new potential to maintain the value of the p More

Objective: Knowing the capability of cryptocurrencies in the country's economy can lead to targeting investments and stabilizing the value of the portfolio. Use of cryptocurrencies to risk Hedging of investments can be a new potential to maintain the value of the portfolio. Accordingly, in this research, the effective factors on risk hedging using cryptocurrencies for Iranian common investment methods and their communications have been identified. Method: By reviewing the literature, research variables have been extracted. Then, using the opinion of experts, the relationships between the variables have been determined and based on the interpretive structural modeling approach, the model of factors affecting investment risk coverage in Iran using cryptocurrencies has been presented. Results: The results of the present study showed that the most effective parameters are international political factors and global gold and oil prices. On the other hand, the most dependent variables are related to the lack of knowledge of users and laws in the field of cryptocurrency in the country. Conclusion: According to the quality of the relationships obtained, it is clear that the effective factors in the quality of recognition and use of cryptocurrencies have no effect on the risk of investment methods in Iran. In addition, in the discussion of risk hedging using cryptocurrencies, international factors are considered the most effective factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

691 - Effect of UV irradiation on bioactivity of polysiloxane-titanium dioxide-bioactive glass nanostructure hybrid coatings using sol-gel method
مجتبی نصراصفهانی عاطفه خراسانی فردوانی علی حسن زاده

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Open Access Article

692 - Investigating the morphology and nanostructure of Ni-Fe alloy coatings prepared by electrodeposition
سارا فضلی محمد ابراهیم بحرالعلوم

In this study, electrodeposition method was used to prepare Ni-Fe alloy coatings in a new composition of a bath. Temperature, the concentration of saccharin and the method of agitation during electrodeposition were investigated as three different contributing factors wh More

In this study, electrodeposition method was used to prepare Ni-Fe alloy coatings in a new composition of a bath. Temperature, the concentration of saccharin and the method of agitation during electrodeposition were investigated as three different contributing factors which influenced the morphology, structure and the composition of the coatings. 3 hours electrodeposition was performed at 25, 45 and 75°C, with the pH of 3.8 and applying 100mA/cm2 with the existence of different amount of saccharin (1,3,5 and 10g/L) in the bath. The SEM images and X-ray diffraction pattern showed a cauliflower and nanocrystalline structure (26.65nm). Elemental analysis showed that increasing of temperature caused an increasing in the concentration of Ni in the coatings, which was attributed to the increasing of the nickel solubility, the conductivity and the efficiency and decreasing the polarization. In addition, increasing the temperature decreased the grain size and the roughness of coatings. 1g/L was determined as the optimum amount of saccharin in the bath, which decreased the grain size of coatings due to its prevention of growing rate. Further amount of saccharin increased the roughness, which was attributed to the existence of more saccharin particles in the coatings. Because of the magnetic nature of the alloy coatings, the magnetic stirrer changed the morphology and structure of Ni-Fe alloy coatings. Finally, the optimum circumstances to deposit adhesive coating with the minimum pit, internal strain and impurity was obtained with the existence of 1g/L saccharin at 25°C and mechanical agitation during plating. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

693 - Effect of Heat Treatment and B4C Carbide Distribution on Corrosion and Wear Resistance of Ni-P/Ni-B-B4C Double Layer Coating
محسن رضاقلی زاده اعظم حیذری احمد ساعتچی

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694 - Applying Nanocomposite Ni-B-ZrO2 Coating By Electroless Method on Steel CK45 and Study its Tribological Properties
yaser zakery nia Reza Bazargan Lari

Electroless nickel boron coatings usually due to wear and corrosion resistance that is well regarded. Electroless nickel boron through the chemical reduction of nickel ions on the surface of the catalytic caused and controlled until the solution is in contact with the r More

Electroless nickel boron coatings usually due to wear and corrosion resistance that is well regarded. Electroless nickel boron through the chemical reduction of nickel ions on the surface of the catalytic caused and controlled until the solution is in contact with the reaction continues. In this study, Ni-B-ZrO2 nano composite coating was made by adding 4 g&frasl;l of ZrO2 nano particles to nickel – boron electroless solution on samples of CK45 steel; Then the coated samples heat treated for one hour at 400℃. The morphology and chemical compound was examined using SEM equipped by EDX. Electrochemical corrosion behavior of coatings in 3.5 showed by adding ZrO2nano particles the corrosion resistant of coatings improves. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the coating after the heat treatment hadn't a protective effect And substrate are vulnerable to corrosion. Abrasion behavior by pin on disk test was measured at ambient temperature and Vickers hardness was measured by a micro hardness testing machine devices. The results showed that adding zirconia nanoparticles to the amount of 4g&frasl;l increased hardness and wear resistance of the coating. Coating composite samples of nickel - boron – zirconia without heat treatment the best results for the three parameters simultaneously high hardness, abrasion resistance and excellent corrosion resistance was good. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

695 - Nickel-cobalt matrix reinforced with silicon oxide nanoparticles nanocomposte coating prepared by direct current electrochemical deposition method
سیاوش ایمانیان علی شکوه فر حامد بخشی

Nano-composite coating of Ni-Co/SiO2 is produced by the direct current electrochemical deposition method on the steel substrate. The analyze of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) are prepared by a nickel-cobalt alloy coating More

Nano-composite coating of Ni-Co/SiO2 is produced by the direct current electrochemical deposition method on the steel substrate. The analyze of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) are prepared by a nickel-cobalt alloy coatings and Nano-composite coating of  Ni-Co / SiO2 that the electrochemical condition were the same in all of them and their grain size and their surface morphology were compared and analyzed. The grain size of Nano-composite coating was less than the alloy coating and surface morphology of the Nano-composite coating was finer and smoother than the alloy coating. The hardness of Nano-composite coating was more than alloy coating. If the electrolyte temperature be 50 degrees Celsius, then the Nano-composite coating of Ni-Co/SiO2 will have the maximum hardness. Adding surfactant to the electrolyte prevents agglomeration of nanoparticles and thus, increases the amount of particles in the coating and the micro-hardness of the Nano-composite coating of Ni-Co/SiO2.The effect of SDS was more than CTAB for the produced coating and the most optimal value for the SDS concentration in the electrolyte was 0.3 grams per liter. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

696 - Study of microstructure and tribological properties of NiCrAlY coatings reinforced with Al2O3 particles
رئوف رحیم زاده علی شفیعی کامران امینی

This study examines the influence of NiCrAlY powder with and without Al2O3 Reinforcement doses of 5, 10 and 20% by weight, produced by plasma spraying method have been investigated. In order to prepare a composite powder, shaft ball mill blender for an hour for each pow More

This study examines the influence of NiCrAlY powder with and without Al2O3 Reinforcement doses of 5, 10 and 20% by weight, produced by plasma spraying method have been investigated. In order to prepare a composite powder, shaft ball mill blender for an hour for each powder were used. The NiCrAlY powder and powder composite NiCrAlY / Al2O3 with values of 5%, 10%, 20% Al2O3 were coated on Inconel 718 substrates by plasma thermal spraying. In order to evaluate the microstructure, morphological and thermal stability evolutions of the powders and coatings were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and optical microscopy. Vickers micro and macro hardness test was used to evaluate the hardness..The pin-on -disk test with 5 N was used to cold resistance assessment of coatings. Findings showed that the composite coatings NiCrAlY/Al2O3 because of the size and morphology of different ingredients, has a higher porosity, but in terms of mechanical properties due to reinforced phase, improvements in composite coatings were observed. Evaluate the wear behavior of Al2O3 10% coatings showed that 37.7× 10-6(mm3/Nm)abrasion resistance better than other coatings, especially coatings from powders without reinforcement 114.6× 10-6 (mm3/Nm) abrasion resistance had. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

697 - Investigation of kinetics behavior high temperature isotherm oxidation MCrAlY coatings applied by HVOF method
Seyed sina khalifeh soltani Reza ebrahimi kahrizsangi Farid naeimi

Today, in Power plant industry, especially gas turbine hot corrosion and oxidation resistance of high temperature superalloys used. These superalloys good resistance to attack and entry of hot gases and ash fines resulting from fuel combustion, as well as atmospheric co More

Today, in Power plant industry, especially gas turbine hot corrosion and oxidation resistance of high temperature superalloys used. These superalloys good resistance to attack and entry of hot gases and ash fines resulting from fuel combustion, as well as atmospheric corrosion of the show. As a result of these superalloys used in Power plant industry, especially are considering today. The thermal spray coating on these superalloys can be hot corrosion resistance and high temperature oxidation increase. In this research isothermal oxidation behavior of CoNiCrAlY coating and kinetic of growth thermally grown oxide layer (TGO) was investigated. For deposit of the CoNiCrAlY Amdry 9954 coating on superalloy nickel-base (Inconel 738) substrate used to the high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) technology. These specimens coatings were oxidized at 1100°C for 5 upto 100 h in a normal electric furnace under air atmosphere. The test specimens were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry analysis (EDS) together with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Microstructural characterization showed that the growth of continuous and uniform TGO scale onto bond coat. Also, in oxidation process observed the formation of mixed oxides (as spinel) CoCo2O4 and Ni(Cr,Al)2O4 and CrO3 and Y3Al5O12 onto Al2O3 (TGO layer). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

698 - The effect of silicon doping on the mechanical and corrosion properties of tantalum carbide coating deposited by magnetron sputtering technique
Seyyed Alireza Hosseini Minasadt Emamian Mostafa Alishahi

In this study, Ta, TaC and TaSiC coatings have been deposited by a non-reactive magnetron sputtering method, and their structural, microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties have been investigated. XRD results revealed the presence of α-Ta and TaC0.6 ph More

In this study, Ta, TaC and TaSiC coatings have been deposited by a non-reactive magnetron sputtering method, and their structural, microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties have been investigated. XRD results revealed the presence of α-Ta and TaC0.6 phase structures in the Ta and TaC coatings, respectively. However, the TaSiC coating showed a quasi-amorphous structure. Additionally, the Ta coating showed a columnar microstructure with rough topography and tensile residual stress, while the addition of carbon and silicon resulted in the compactness and smoothness and domination compressive residual stress in the TaC and TaSiC coatings. Nanoindentation results showed that the addition of carbon to the Ta coating increased the hardness by four times, however the addition of silicon to the TaC coating had an adverse effect on the hardness of the coating. The corrosion studies revealed that the coatings have a cathodic nature with respect to the ST37 substrate, making the samples susceptible to galvanic corrosion. Furthermore, the addition of carbon and silicon was found to improve the corrosion resistance of the coatings by increasing the coating compactness and decreasing the density of open porosities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

699 - Investigation of adding Cr2O3 on mechanical properties and high temperature oxidation behavior of Stellit6 coating prepared by plasma spraying on IN-738
mostafa tahari Mohammad Gavahian Mohammad Jahanbaze Mohammad Najafi

In this study, the effect of adding chromium oxide on mechanical properties and high temperature oxidation behavior of thermal sprayed stellite 6 coating on IN-738 has been investigated. For this purpose, first the 0, 10, 20 and 30 %wt. Cr2O3 powder added to satellite6 More

In this study, the effect of adding chromium oxide on mechanical properties and high temperature oxidation behavior of thermal sprayed stellite 6 coating on IN-738 has been investigated. For this purpose, first the 0, 10, 20 and 30 %wt. Cr2O3 powder added to satellite6 and plasma sprayed on the IN_738 substrate after mixing by mechanical milling. The optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and micro-hardness used for micro-structure, porosity and phase analysis investigation. The isothermal oxidation behavior of composite coatings at 650, 750 and 850 ° C for 50 hours were evaluated. Results shows, the stellit6 / %10wt. Cr2O3 coating has the lowest oxidation rate. On the other hand, this coating shows the higher hardness other than non-reinforcement coating. The phase analysis investigation shows that the Cr2O3 oxide layer is forms during oxidation process on the surface of coatings. Its shows the Cr2O3 reinforcement is preferred areas for chromium oxides in thermal grown oxide (TGO) during oxidation Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

700 - Effect of Powder Morphology on Thermal properties and strentgh of High Heat Flux Porous Coatings Synthesized by Powder Metallurgy
علی کفلو مونا معیری

Recently, with decreasing energy resources, it is favorable to use new materials to increase efficiency. High heat flux coating is one of the porous coatings that are created on base plate with pressure less sintering of powders. These coatings increase surface, besides More

Recently, with decreasing energy resources, it is favorable to use new materials to increase efficiency. High heat flux coating is one of the porous coatings that are created on base plate with pressure less sintering of powders. These coatings increase surface, besides increasing bubble nucleation sites and permeability. Porosity volume, deboning strength and permeability are the most important physical property of these coatings that affected by powder size and powder morphology as well as sintering conditions. In this research, the effect of powder morphology on physical properties (porosity, deboning strength and permeability) of High Heat Flux porous coatings was investigated. Spherical, dendritic and irregular powders by using a polymeric binder were created on Cu base plate in an atmospheric control furnace (H2-N2) with specified heat treatment cycle (without any pressure). Porosimetery test was carried on porous coating samples. Results for spherical, dendritic and irregular powders were 24.5, 49.5 and 58% respectively. For mentioned samples, deboning strength was, 1.4, 0.52 and 0.82 (kN). Permeability of samples was in 3.3×10-12 to 4.8×10-12 (m2) range. Results show that maximum permeability and porosity were belonged to the irregular powder with minimum strength and spherical powder with maximum strength has minimum permeability and porosity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

701 - Coating of Steel by Long Alkyd Resin Reinforced with SiC Nanoparticles to Improve its Corrosion Resistance
Hamideh Esmaeili Sanaz Naghibi Shirin Kordzangeneh

To improve the properties of the organic coatings ceramic nanoparticles can be applied. In the present study, inorganic-organic nanocomposite coating contains SiC nnoparticles and alkyd resin was applied on the stainless still substrates. In this regard 1, 2 and 3 wt% o More

To improve the properties of the organic coatings ceramic nanoparticles can be applied. In the present study, inorganic-organic nanocomposite coating contains SiC nnoparticles and alkyd resin was applied on the stainless still substrates. In this regard 1, 2 and 3 wt% of SiC nanoparticles were used to prepare the nanocomposite. In order to achieve a homogeneous mixture of nanoparticles and polymeric resin, magnetic stirrer and ultrasonic device were used. The coatings were deposited on the substrates by dipping technique. To study the morphology thickness and surface of the coatings, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was investigated by polarization Tafel test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and salt spray. Corrosion test results showed a reduction of corrosion current and an increasing in the corrosion resistance of substrate with nanocomposites coating and the sample with 3 wt% nanoparticles was selected as optimum sample by reducing current density from 9/2×10-6 to 2/2×10-9. The results of adhesion test by cross-cut method showed the reduction of coating separation from 9% to 4%. The coating thickness of sample was measured about 20 μm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

702 - An investigation of the effect of sintering condition on the strength of Ni foam produced by electroplating method
Akram Salehi Faeze Barzgar احمد مولودی

Metal foams are a relatively new class of materials. They provide a high energy absorption ability, large surface to volume ratio, and a high stiffness to weight ratio because of the existence of porosity in their structure. One of the most applicable metal foams is nic More

Metal foams are a relatively new class of materials. They provide a high energy absorption ability, large surface to volume ratio, and a high stiffness to weight ratio because of the existence of porosity in their structure. One of the most applicable metal foams is nickel foam used as catalysts, filters, and silencers in different industries. In this work, Ni foam has been prepared by electrodeposition technique on a polyurethane sponge substrate. The produced foams were sintered at 600℃ and 1000℃ in the neutral atmosphere to eliminate organic substrate and increase their ductility. EDX analysis showed that carbon atoms have diffused into Ni deposition during sintering at 600 ℃, and also the samples sintered at 1000 ℃ have oxidized. The pressure tests indicated that the samples were ductile after the sintering process. By increasing ductility, plateau strength will reduce from 4.79 MPa to 3.6 MPa and 1.65 MPa for the samples sintered at 600℃ and 1000℃, respectively. Obtained results showed that heat treatments didn’t have any effects on the densification strain, but energy absorption reduced from 1.51 MJ/cm2 to 1.21 MJ/cm2 and 0.55 MJ/cm2 for the sintered samples at 600℃ and 1000℃, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

703 - Study of the catalytic activity of nano-coating CuC2O4 on tne thermodynamic parameters of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Marjan Tahriri Mohammad Mahdavi Hossein Farrokhpour

To improve the process of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (for improving and modification propellant burning rate), the copper oxalate was coated by ammonium perchlorate through sol-gel method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal analysis(TG/DSC More

To improve the process of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (for improving and modification propellant burning rate), the copper oxalate was coated by ammonium perchlorate through sol-gel method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal analysis(TG/DSC) were used for coating analysis of the copper oxalate on ammonium perchlorate and behavior changes of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate in the presence of nano copper oxide made of nano copper oxalate respectively. The results of catalytic thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate shown that the cover of copper oxalate nanoparticles has a good effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate and the thermal decomposition temperature of ammonium perchlorate reduced from 422 ºC to 299 ºC. In addition, the thermal decomposition peaks of ammonium perchlorate (compared to thermal decomposition of pure ammonium perchlorate) were integrated. In order to evaluation of the effect of nano-catalyst on the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters one of the model-free methods as Ozawa - Flynn - Wall (OFW) equation was used. As result, it was observed that nano-catalyst reduced the activation energy, the frequency factor and thermodynamic parameters in different conversion rates 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

704 - Corrosion behavior of magnetron sputtered tantalum coating
Mostafa Alishahi Farzad Mahboubi Seyed Mohammad Mousavi Khoie

In this study, tantalum (Ta) thin film was deposited on Si(100) and 316L stainless steel (SS) substrates by DC magnetron sputtering. The structural properties of Ta film were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. In addition, the scanning and transmission electron More

In this study, tantalum (Ta) thin film was deposited on Si(100) and 316L stainless steel (SS) substrates by DC magnetron sputtering. The structural properties of Ta film were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. In addition, the scanning and transmission electron microscopies as well as atomic force microscopy were used to study the cross-section and the morphology of the coating. The corrosion behavior of the bare and Ta-coated 316L SS was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization test. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to study the corrosion mechanisms. The results revealed that the structure of Ta coating on either Si and SS substrates is a mixture of α+β phases, while pre-deposition of a thin tantalum nitride seed layer causes to the deposition of pure α-Ta and decrease the sheet resistance from 90 µΩ.cm to 15 µΩ.cm. Microscopic evaluations shows that the Ta coating is compact, homogeneous and defect-free, exhibiting a columnar structure with a surface roughness of less than 6 nm. Furthermore, the corrosion studies show that the Ta coating perform as a physical barrier between corrosive electrolyte and substrate and, in this way, provide a protective efficiency of more than 70%. In this regard, the diffusion of corrosive electrolyte toward the substrates through open porosities was found to be the corrosion mechanism of the Ta coating and the porosity index of the coating was calculated to be about 6%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

705 - Investigation of the effect of substrate on formation of chromium- and vanadium carbide coatings by thermal reactive diffusion
علی اکبر قادی حسن ثقفیان Mansour Soltanieh

In this research, the effect of substrate on the formation of chromium- and vanadium carbide coating was studied by thermal reactive diffusion. The substrate of H13 steel was coated in two kinds of metal and oxide bath with molar ratio of Cr/V=3 for 14 hour at 1000˚C. C More

In this research, the effect of substrate on the formation of chromium- and vanadium carbide coating was studied by thermal reactive diffusion. The substrate of H13 steel was coated in two kinds of metal and oxide bath with molar ratio of Cr/V=3 for 14 hour at 1000˚C. Carbide coatings including chromium carbide (Cr3C2, Cr7C3), vanadium carbide (V8C7) and the complex carbide phase of Cr2VC2 were formed on H13 steel. The thickness of the carbide coating was 8.5±0.5 µm and 6.5±0.5 µm, respectively in metal bath and oxide bath. The amount of vanadium- to chromium- rich regions in the carbide coating was less than the ratio of vanadium to chromium content in the metal bath. The results of coating in the present study was compared to the results of coating in a similar condition on Ck45 steel. The type of substrate had an important role on the coating thickness and the phase distribution of vanadium- and chromium- rich regions. However, the element distribution in the coating was not affected by the kind of substrate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

706 - Synthesis of Lanthanum Hexaaluminate (LaMgAl11O19) Powder in order to plasma spary coating on the nickel superalloy as Thermal Barrier coating
mohammad mehdi khorramirad محمد رضا رحیمی پور سید محمد مهدی هادوی کوروش شیروانی جوزانی

Lanthanum hexaaluminate (LaMgAl11O19) as a new thermal barrier coating due to the properties and superior features is selected as a preferred composition instead of yttria -stabilized zirconia (YSZ) Composition. In this paper, synthesis of this composition by solid stat More

Lanthanum hexaaluminate (LaMgAl11O19) as a new thermal barrier coating due to the properties and superior features is selected as a preferred composition instead of yttria -stabilized zirconia (YSZ) Composition. In this paper, synthesis of this composition by solid state reaction method was investigated then it was prepared to coat by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) method. Scanning electron microscope with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS), differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize of the synthesized powder, granules and free standing as-sprayed LaMgAl11O19 coating. In this research first, α-Al2O3 powder was used as a raw material. The results showed that this material was not suitable for the synthesis of this compound. Therefore γ-Al2O3 powder was used. As a result of that, a single phase compound with plate-like morphology was formed and the synthesis temperature was 1330 Cº. Also α-Al2O3, LaAlO3 and MgAl2O3 compounds were formed at 850-1100 ºC that the final phase transformation was occurred due to reaction between these three compounds. From the phase analysis results, it can be concluded that the main role of γ -Al2O3 phase in structure is to reduce the synthesis temprature of MgAl2O4 spinel phase to a temperature of less than 1100 ºC. Also chemical analysis results of granules and APS coating with optimal parameters indicated the existence of single phase structure and the second phase was not found. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

707 - Pulsed laser surface melting of AISI H13 steel and investigating the effect of TiC powder particle size and concentration on the morphology of MC carbides in the composite coating
محمدعلی بوترابی Ali Dadoo Shahram Kheirandish

In this research, the microstructure of the pulsed laser surface melted AISI H13 tool steel was studied. Then, by laser surface alloying with TiC powder, the effect of particle size and powder concentration on superficial composite microstructure was investigated. For t More

In this research, the microstructure of the pulsed laser surface melted AISI H13 tool steel was studied. Then, by laser surface alloying with TiC powder, the effect of particle size and powder concentration on superficial composite microstructure was investigated. For this purpose, TiC powders with particle sizes of 1 micrometer and 45 micrometers in layers of different thicknesses were pre-placed on the surface of H13 steel and then subjected to pulsed laser operation. The results showed that in the surface melting, an intermittent cell/dendritic structure developed from the depth to the surface of the molten pool with a higher concentration of alloying elements in the boundary network. With the selected laser parameters, the cooling rate was estimated at one million K/s. In the surface alloying process, the preplaced TiC particles were completely (fine powders) or a partially (coarse powders) dissolved in the melt pool. During subsequent cooling, TiC-type MC carbides precipitated from the melt. Increasing the thickness of the preplaced layer caused the morphology of carbides to be more diverse. The size of precipitated MC carbides was reduced by decreasing the concentration of TiC powder in the melt pool and increasing the particle size of preplaced TiC powder. As the number of MC carbides increased, the cellular/dendritic structures of the steel matrix replaced by coaxial grains. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

708 - The effect of manganese (III) acetylacetonate nano coating on the mechanism of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Marjan Tahriri Mohammad Mahdavi Hossein Farrokh pour

Nano-sized manganese (III) acetylacetonate (Mn(acac)3) was coated on the surface of ammonium perchlorate (AP) by sol-gel method, for reducing thermal decomposition temperature of AP. Analysis of thermal gravimetry (TG) results showed that manganese (III) acetylacetonate More

Nano-sized manganese (III) acetylacetonate (Mn(acac)3) was coated on the surface of ammonium perchlorate (AP) by sol-gel method, for reducing thermal decomposition temperature of AP. Analysis of thermal gravimetry (TG) results showed that manganese (III) acetylacetonate nano-coating has been converted to manganese spinel before the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate and this nano-sized manganese spinel had a good catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. In this paper, X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and scanning electron microscopic images (SEM) were used to prove the formation of nano-coating on the surface of ammonium perchlorate and identification nanocomposites, respectively. As well as, the catalytic effect of nano-sized manganese spinel resulted from manganese (III) acetylacetonate studied by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate and thermal decomposition of nano composite Mn(acac)3/AP showed that decomposition peaks of ammonium perchlorate decreased from 422 ºC to 318 ºC and from 317 ºC to 279 ºC ,respectively. According to the reduction effect of the nano-sized coating on the decomposition peaks of AP, it has been revealed that nano-coating has a significant effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate and eventually improved the performance of solid propellants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

709 - Evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of ZnFe2O4-TiO2 composite coating elaborated by flame spraying process
امیرحسین نویدپور مهدی صالحی مهدی امیرنصر حمید رضا سلیمی جزی مهران آذرپور سیاهکلی یعقوب کلانتری

Among various techniques which have been used for degradation of chemical pollutants, advanced oxidation processes (such as photocatalytic process) have received attention due to their specific properties. In this investigation, ZnFe2O4-10wt% TiO2 composite film was ela More

Among various techniques which have been used for degradation of chemical pollutants, advanced oxidation processes (such as photocatalytic process) have received attention due to their specific properties. In this investigation, ZnFe2O4-10wt% TiO2 composite film was elaborated using flame spraying process. Powders of titania (TiO2: 75vol. % anatase, 25vol. % rutile) and zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4), which was synthesized by mechanical alloying process, were mixed together (weight ratio of 1:9) and deposited on stainless steel 316 substrate. In order to evaluate the structure, morphology, and photo-adsorption ability of the coating, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy were used, respectively. Photocatalytic performance of the deposited film was studied by bleaching of aquatic methylene blue solution with the concentration of 5 mg/Lit. The results showed that the composite coating, which was elaborated by flame spraying, possesses relatively good photo-adsorption ability as well as photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of methylene blue (under visible light irradiation). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

710 - Electrochemical study on hot corrosion behavior of aluminide diffusion coating deposited on inconel 713C superalloy
Esmaeil Taheri Mehdi Verdian

In this study, the hot corrosion resistance of diffusion aluminide coating on Inconel 713C was investigated using electrochemical techniques. In this regard, potentiodynamic polarization tests were performed at 750 °C in two kinds of molten salts. The former contain More

In this study, the hot corrosion resistance of diffusion aluminide coating on Inconel 713C was investigated using electrochemical techniques. In this regard, potentiodynamic polarization tests were performed at 750 °C in two kinds of molten salts. The former contained 70% sodium sulphate and 30% sodium chloride. The latter was composed of 70% sodium sulphate, 25% sodium chloride and 5% vanadium pentoxide. The phase composition and microstructure of coatings and corrosion products were investigated using XRD and SEM-EDS techniques. The results showed that in the presence of vanadium, the protection efficiency of coatings increased and a current-independent region was observed in anodic polarization curve. Here, a compact corrosion product layer was seen. In absence of vanadium, both coated and uncoated samples exhibited similar corrosion rates. However, in comparison to vanadium-containing environment, all samples showed lower corrosion rate. In this case, the coatings exhibited active anodic behavior. The corrosion products were porous and discontinuous in vanadium free environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

711 - Fracture toughness and plasticity evaluation of sputter deposited tantalum nitride thin film
Siavash Firouzabadi Kamran Dehghani Malek Naderi Farzad Mahboubi

Although tantalum nitride coatings have recently been attracted researchers’ attentions due to their high hardness and corrosion resistance, the fracture toughness and deformation plasticity of thin tantalum nitride film has not been well investigated yet. In this More

Although tantalum nitride coatings have recently been attracted researchers’ attentions due to their high hardness and corrosion resistance, the fracture toughness and deformation plasticity of thin tantalum nitride film has not been well investigated yet. In this research, for the first time, the fracture toughness, strain rate sensitivity and plasticity of sputter deposited tantalum nitride thin films have been evaluated using nano indentation technique and SEM micrographs. It was shown that the fracture toughness was increases from 0.6 to 7.8 MPa√m with increasing the nitrogen in sputtering chamber. This increase was attributed to the structural evolution from a hexagonal γ-Ta2N phase to the hexagonal ε-TaN and face centered cubic δ-TaN phases, determined by X-Ray Diffraction analysis. The plasticity of the TaN films evaluations indicated that the ratio of plastic work to total work was increased from 50% to 57% and 80%with phase variation from γ-Ta2N to ε-TaN and δ-TaN, respectively. Manuscript profile

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712 - Investigating the oxidation and electrical behavior of AISI 304 steel coated with cobalt for the application of solid oxide fuel cell
Mohammad Reza Ashorzadeh Morteza Zandrahimi Hadi Ebrahimifar

Oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of stainless steels used as interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells can be improved by using a conductive and protective coating layer. In this study, AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel was coated in a cobalt powder base More

Oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of stainless steels used as interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells can be improved by using a conductive and protective coating layer. In this study, AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel was coated in a cobalt powder base pack mixture. Isothermal oxidation test was used to investigate the oxidation resistance of coated and non-coated steel. Area specific resistance (ASR) was also measured as a function of oxidation time at 800 °C. Microstructure of coated and oxidized samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) device. The results showed that cobalt coated samples showed better oxidation resistance than non-coated samples. The results showed that increasing the temperature would increase the area specific resistance. The cobalt coating layer also converted to CoFe2O4, Co3O4 and CoCr2O4 spinels during the isothermal oxidation process. Cobalt spinels exhibited less ASR (27.4 mΩ cm2) compared to the uncoated sample (60.5 mΩ cm2). Manuscript profile

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713 - The effect of parameters of pulse Electrodeposition and post annealing on properties of Cobalt-tungsten alloy coating
سمیه اباذری سیوندی سعید رستگاری شهرام خیراندیش

cobalt-tungsten anano structure alloy coating was produced using pulse electrodeposition in 200 Hz pulse frequency from citrate electrolyte at 60 °C. In this study the influence of cobalt ions concentration in solution and duty cycle on crystal structure, grain size More

cobalt-tungsten anano structure alloy coating was produced using pulse electrodeposition in 200 Hz pulse frequency from citrate electrolyte at 60 °C. In this study the influence of cobalt ions concentration in solution and duty cycle on crystal structure, grain size, hardness and corrosion resistance of coating was investigated. Surface morphology and composition of coatings was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (EDS) analysis. The crystallite size of the coatings calculated from the x-ray diffraction patterns using the Scherrer equation. Micro hardness of the coatings was assessed using a Vickers micro-indenter. Results showed that electrodeposited coating at 0.2 mol/l cobalt sulphate and 60% duty cycle with 1A/dm2had optimum coating on 758 Hv. Annealing amorphous coating was produced at current density of 4 A/dm2 in high vacuum pressure makes crystalline coating. Increasing temperature at 600°C makes a well-developed polycrystalline structure of Co3W and CowO4 in the coating. Microhardness of coating increased from 436 Hv to 1059 Hv after heat treatment at 600 °C. Heat treatment of coating improved the corrosion resistance of coating. The coating heat treated at 400 ºC had minimum corrosion rate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

714 - Investigating the effect of temperature and time of fusing process on the microstructure and wear performance of plasma sprayed NiCrBSi coatings
Mohamad Hajiloo Zia Valefi

In this work, self-fluxing NiCrBSi coatings were deposited by plasma spraying. Simultaneous effect of temperature and time of the fusing heat treatment on microstructure, surface roughness and microhardness as well as wear performance of these coatings was evaluated. Fu More

In this work, self-fluxing NiCrBSi coatings were deposited by plasma spraying. Simultaneous effect of temperature and time of the fusing heat treatment on microstructure, surface roughness and microhardness as well as wear performance of these coatings was evaluated. Fusing process was carried out at 1000, 1050 and 1100˚C for 5, 15 and 25 min. The morphologies and microstructures of the coatings as well as the wear tracks were characterized using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. X-Ray Diffraction was applied to determine the phase composition of coatings. Wear performance of the fused coatings was investigated by Pin-On-Disk test. In consequence of the fusing process, the thickness, porosity and surface roughness decreased, the splat boundaries were eliminated, the microhardness increased, a metallurgical bond was created between the coating and the substrate, and hard carbide and boride precipitates (CrB and Cr7C3) were formed. Exceeding the optimum parameters of the fusing caused over-fusing phenomenon and thereby, degradation of coating properties. It was found that the temperature of 1000˚C and the time of 5 min are the optimum conditions of fusing process in this study, as the lowest porosity, the highest microhardness as well as the best wear performance were obtained in coating fused at these parameters. Dominant wear mechanism in this sample was abrasive wear. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

715 - The effect of Pt on type II hot corrosion behavior of Si-aluminide coatings with lower silicon than the critical amount
Seyed Amir Azarmehr kourosh shirvani Jozdani

In this paper, the effect of adding a low amount of platinum to slurry Si-modified aluminide coatings containing silicon less than the amount required to provide complete protection in these coatings is investigated. In addition to the coatings characterization, the rol More

In this paper, the effect of adding a low amount of platinum to slurry Si-modified aluminide coatings containing silicon less than the amount required to provide complete protection in these coatings is investigated. In addition to the coatings characterization, the role of platinum on the type II hot corrosion behavior of coatings has been discussed. To create silicon and silicon-platinum aluminide coatings, a slurry silicoaluminzing method was applied to samples of Ni-base superalloy GTD-111 specimens, which was previously Pt-electroplated on some of them with a thickness of 2 μm. The amount of silicon in the slurry was 10% by weight relative to total solid of the slurry, so that the amount of silicon in the coating is less than the critical amount required for complete protection. The type II hot corrosion test was carried out using a furnace method with Na2SO4-60mol% V2O5 at 700 °C. After 20 hours of hot corrosion, Al2O3 protective oxide and non-protective oxide NiAl2O4 were detected in silicon-platinum- and silicon-aluminide coatings, respectively. In the absence of platinum, the Ni3V2O8 phase was also found to be a product of NiO and NiAl2O4 dissolution in type-II hot corrosion condition. At the end of the 80-hour hot corrosion, unlike the silicon-aluminide coating, silicon remained in the silicon-platinum-aluminide coating structure. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

716 - Microstructure and Ablation Resistance of ZrC Coating Prepared by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) and Solid Shielding/ Shrouded Plasma Spraying (SSPS) Methods on SiC-Coated Graphite
Akbar Eshaghi Zia Valefi Naser Ehsani

10.30495/apme.2021.1909416.2013

In this paper ZrC coating was prepared on SiC coated graphite as a substrate by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and solid shielding/ shrouded plasma spray (SSPS) methods. Microstructure observation and phase identification of the coatings were performed by scanning elect More

In this paper ZrC coating was prepared on SiC coated graphite as a substrate by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and solid shielding/ shrouded plasma spray (SSPS) methods. Microstructure observation and phase identification of the coatings were performed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The ablation behavior of the coating was evaluated under supersonic flame for 60s. The results showed that the ZrC coating enhance the ablation resistance of SiC coated graphite remarkably. The results of ablation test revealed that the linear and mass ablation rates of the ZrC coating applied by APS method were 3.7×10-3 mm.s-1 and 22×10-3 g.s-1, while those for SSPS coating were 2.2×10-3 mm.s-1 and 14×10-3 g.s-1, respectively. The excellent ablation resistance is attributed to the formation of continuous zirconia (ZrO2) layer on the surface during the oxidation of the ZrC coating. Moreover, the SPS-ZrC coated sample with lowest pores and cracks have better ablation resistance during the ablation test and can protected the graphite substrate against ablation sufficiently. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

717 - Influence of pH of Electroplating on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-P-Tio2 Composite Coating Fabricated on AISI 430 Steel
Mina Afzali Grouh Morteza Zandrahimi Hadi Ebrahimifar

One of the best ways to improve the abrasion resistance and toughness of stainless steels is to apply surface coatings. Among these coatings are nickel base alloy and composite coatings. In this research, nickel-phosphorus-titanium oxide coatings were developed using el More

One of the best ways to improve the abrasion resistance and toughness of stainless steels is to apply surface coatings. Among these coatings are nickel base alloy and composite coatings. In this research, nickel-phosphorus-titanium oxide coatings were developed using electrical plating technique and the effect of pH (3, 3.5 and 4) on microstructure and their wear and tear behavior were studied. In this research, nickel phosphorus-titanium oxide coating was deposited onto the AISI 430 steel using electrical plating technique and the effect of TiO2 particles concentration on microstructure and wear behavior was studied. X-ray analysis (XRD) was used to determine the available phases and calculate grain size. Characterization of the coating was performed using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The michardness was measured by Vickers microhardness device. To test the abrasion resistance of the phosphorus-titanium oxide coated and uncoated samples, a pin on the disk test was used. The results of X-ray analysis showed that the increase of pH causes the increase of grain size. Also the results of microhardness and pin on disk tests showed the increase of pH causes decrease of microhardness and abrasion resistance. The highest hardness (618.18 Vickers) was related to the coating created at pH =3 and TiO2 =40 gr / L. The highest wear resistance and lowest weight loss (0.15 mg) were also observed in the same coating.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

718 - Investigating of High Temperature Oxidation and Thermal Shock Properties of YSZ/Al2O3 Composite Thermal Barrier Coatings with Alumina Made by Solution Precursor Thermal Spray
Saeid Taghi-ramezani Zia Valefi Naser Ehsani

In this research, a double layer thermal barrier coating was applied and then an alumina diffusion barrier layer was deposited on the YSZ by two solution precersore plasma and solution precersore flame spraying. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance te More

In this research, a double layer thermal barrier coating was applied and then an alumina diffusion barrier layer was deposited on the YSZ by two solution precersore plasma and solution precersore flame spraying. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance tests were done at 1100˚C. Microstructure of coatings were studied by optical Microscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. Comparison of the microstructures of coatings showed that applying of Alumina with the solution precursor flame spray process upgrades the thermal properties. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance of YSZ/Al2O3 coatings with Alumina applied by the solution precersoure thermal spray with the same compound were studied. Findings showed that applying alumina with the solution precursor flame spray process leads to increase the amount of the deposited splats and proper contact between them, causes to decrease the diffusion of O2 and as a result TGO thickness decreases and also thermal shock resistance increases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

719 - Comparison of Oxidation and Thermal Shock Properties of YSZ/Nanoal2o3 Composite Thermal Barrier Coatings Made By Plasma Spraying of Un-Pyrolyzed Precursor and Aglomerated Nanocrystalline Alumina Powder
Saeid Taghi-ramezani Zia Valefi Naser Ehsani masud mirjani

10.30495/apme.2021.1895014.1986

In this research, firstly amorphous Alumina powder was produced by co-precipitation method. Then YSZ/Al2O3 coatings were applied by plasma spraying process in two types of pyrolyzed and crystalline nano-alumina. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance te More

In this research, firstly amorphous Alumina powder was produced by co-precipitation method. Then YSZ/Al2O3 coatings were applied by plasma spraying process in two types of pyrolyzed and crystalline nano-alumina. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance test were done at 1100˚C. Microstructure and phase analysis of coatings were studied by optical and electron microscopes and XRD method. Comparison of the microstructure of coatings showed that the use of crystalline nano-alumina powder in the YSZ/Alumina layer composite upgrades the thermal properties. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance of plasma sprayed YSZ/Al2O3 with un-pyrolysed nano-alumina and coatings with same composition with crystalline nano-alumina to created by plasma spraying were studied. Findings showed that the use of un-pyrolyzed nano-alumina powder in YSZ/Al2O3 layer composite resulted in increased porosity and shrinkage cavities in the coating, which increased the diffusion of O2 that causes the TGO growth rate. Also, high density and proper contact between the splats made of crystalline nano-alumina powder results in higher resistance of thermal cycles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

720 - Improving the Biocompatibility Performance of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Bi Phasic Calcium Phosphate Gradient Coating By Plasma Spray Method
fahimeh saji iman mobasherpour liela nikzad

10.30495/apme.2021.1925953.2035

Due to the problems of metal implants, it is observed that one of the main techniques in solving these problems is to improve the properties of implant coatings. One of the coatings that has been considered in the last decade is biphasic calcium phosphate gradient coati More

Due to the problems of metal implants, it is observed that one of the main techniques in solving these problems is to improve the properties of implant coatings. One of the coatings that has been considered in the last decade is biphasic calcium phosphate gradient coating. Plasma spraying method was used to coating the implants and three coating layers including HAp, TCP 50%-HAp 50% and TCP were applied gradient on the titanium substrate, respectively. X-ray diffraction test was used to identify the phases. Corrosion of the applied layers was performed using body simulation solution and open circuit potential electrochemical tests were used to evaluate the corrosion of coating. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology and thickness of the layers before and after being placed in the body simulation solution. According to the results of open circuit corrosion potential test, the corrosion voltage is -0.07, -0.09 and -0.19 V for the sample with one layer of HAp coating, the sample without coating and the sample with three layers of coating HAp, TCP 50%-HAp 50% and TCP were obtained respectively. By placing the three-layer coating in SBF solution, tricalcium phosphate in the third and second layers is completely dissolved and with the presence of calcium and phosphorus ions in the form of saturated secondary hydroxyapatite is formed inside the coating. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

721 - Investigation of rheological properties and stability of aqueous suspensions containing YSZ ceramic nanoparticles
Reza Pourshahsavari AMIRHOSSEIN YAGHTIN Navid Hosseinabadi

Application of YSZ nanoceramic in liquid phase suspension as raw material in plasma coating process leads to thermal barrier coatings with more desirable properties. The key is to achieve a stable aqueous suspension containing these ceramic nanoparticles. In this resear More

Application of YSZ nanoceramic in liquid phase suspension as raw material in plasma coating process leads to thermal barrier coatings with more desirable properties. The key is to achieve a stable aqueous suspension containing these ceramic nanoparticles. In this research, the rheological properties and stability of YSZ nanoparticles in aqueous medium have been investigated. The type of dispersants added to the suspension and the chemical properties of the aqueous medium were studied as influential factors in the stability of the suspension containing by 30 weight percent. In order to characterize the properties, viscosity, zeta potential, NTU and TSI factor and sedimentation rate were performed and also the aging properties of different suspensions were studied over time. The results showed that the use of alpha terpineol dispersant with a concentration of 0.1 wt% in aqueous medium with a pH of 2.5 has led to an optimal suspension with optimum viscosity and stability conditions, defined as viscosities at 1.5 cp, zeta potential at 56 mV and Nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) 3680 were obtained. Microstructural study of the thermal barrier coating created by plasma spraying of the optimal suspension indicates the formation of a columnar structure that will have higher stability and strength properties in this type of coating. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

722 - Comparison of Isothermal Oxidation and Thermal Shock Properties of CoNiCrAlY Coating Sprayed by Atmospheric Plasma Spray and Nitrogen Gas Shrouded Plasma Spray Methods
Behzad Ghasemi Zia Valefi Saeid Taghi-ramezani

In this research, the properties of the coating applied by conventional plasma spray and with inert gas shroud has been studied and compared, in the way that nozzle like part attached to plasma gun in order to protect the plasma jet by exiting nitrogen from the nozzle. More

In this research, the properties of the coating applied by conventional plasma spray and with inert gas shroud has been studied and compared, in the way that nozzle like part attached to plasma gun in order to protect the plasma jet by exiting nitrogen from the nozzle. The Microstructural characterization of the coatings was performed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscope. Hardness of coatings is also measured by Vickers method under the applied load of 30 gram-force. Isothermal oxidation and thermal shock tests are done at 1000 and 950ºC respectively. Post-spray results show that the use of nitrogen gas shroud is useful and coating achieved by nitrogen shroud has less oxide and porosity and has more homogeneous structure. Results from isothermal oxidation show that TGO layer growth rate in the specimen sprayed by nitrogen shroud is less. Thermal shock test shows that the specimen sprayed by nitrogen shroud has more resistance against thermal shock due to layer by layer and regular growth of TGO and having less oxide and porosity in comparison with the same specimen sprayed without nitrogen shroud. Also, the microhardness of sprayed coating without nitrogen shroud was 35 Vikers more than the applied coating with nitrogen shroud. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

723 - Investigation of the Effects of HVOF Process Parameters on the Quality and Wear Properties of the Coating Tungsten Carbide on 4130 Steel
Javad Ansari Amirhossein Moghanian Morteza Saghafi Yazdi

Previous studies have shown that thermal spraying methods on steels have extensive applications in various industries to increase high-quality wear-resistance coatings. One of these coatings, which is important in diverse industries and has been studied, is tungsten car More

Previous studies have shown that thermal spraying methods on steels have extensive applications in various industries to increase high-quality wear-resistance coatings. One of these coatings, which is important in diverse industries and has been studied, is tungsten carbide. One of the methods of coating is the high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the microstructure of the coatings and also by examining SEM images from the lateral surface of the coated sample, the thickness and quality of the coating were examined. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the formed phases before and after the coating process and the results of the presence of WC and W6C2.54 carbides were confirmed.The wear test results showed that coated samples demonstrated higher wear resistance than the sample without coating (control). Meanwhile, the sample with spraying pressure of 7.2 Bar and a feeding powder rate of 72 g/min (W2) exhibited the best wear resistance among other coatings due to the more uniform distribution of tungsten carbide (WC) and less porosity. As a result, it was obtained that the spraying pressure in the process of HVOF process was more effective than the feeding rate of coating powders and a sample with the spray pressure of 7.2 Bar and powders feeding rate of 72 g/min (W2) was introduced as the optimal sample among all coatings with the highest abrasion wear resistance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

724 - Thermal shock behavior of thermal barrier coatings YSZ, YSZ/mullite and gradient coating YSZ/mullite on nickel base superalloy prepared by plasma spray (APS) method
Nader Soltani iman mobasherpour Esmail Salahi Ali Sedaghat Ahangary

In this research, thermal shock behavior, three types of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), yttria-stabilized zirconia and mullite coating (YSZ/Mullite) and gradient coating of yttria-stabilized zirconia and mullite (YSZ/Mullite) thermal barrier coatings on Inconel 738 l More

In this research, thermal shock behavior, three types of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), yttria-stabilized zirconia and mullite coating (YSZ/Mullite) and gradient coating of yttria-stabilized zirconia and mullite (YSZ/Mullite) thermal barrier coatings on Inconel 738 low carbon nickel base superalloy along with bond coated by plasma spray method was compared.Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), microstructure and phase analysis were done. The percentage of porosity and thermal shock of coatings at 1100°C temperature was investigated and compared. The results showed that with the increase of mullite in layer and gradient on YSZ coatings, the number of holes and porosity decreases, which is due to the increase in the amount of melted mullite particles. The percentage of porosity related to layer and gradient coating of mullite was obtained as 8 and 3.5% respectively. Using the results of the thermal shock test, it was determined that the lifetime of the mullite layer coating is longer than the mullite gradient coating and the YSZ coating. The maximum lifespan of the layered coating of mullite was recorded as 70 cycles of 10 minutes in a furnace with a temperature of 1100°C. The gradient coatings of mullite showed a higher percentage of shrinkage in thermal shock than the layered mullite coating. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

725 - Evaluation of wear properties and radiopacity of strontium oxide-coated polyether ether ketone implant for the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament rupture
Mahboobeh Mahmoodi

One of the most common orthopedic clinic referrals is direct and indirect traumas to the knee that lead to anterior cruciate ligament rupture. The use of titanium implants is one of the ways to treat and reconstruct the cruciate ligament, which has limitations, includin More

One of the most common orthopedic clinic referrals is direct and indirect traumas to the knee that lead to anterior cruciate ligament rupture. The use of titanium implants is one of the ways to treat and reconstruct the cruciate ligament, which has limitations, including the release of toxic ions such as aluminum and vanadium from the titanium alloy. In the present study, the polyether ether ketone (PEEK) implant was fabricated using a CNC machine. Then the surface of the implant was coated with strontium oxide (SrO) by dip spin coating method in two temperature conditions, including ambient temperature and 70 ℃ to produce a radiopaque polymer. After coating, the wear and surface properties of the implant were evaluated. The surface morphology, microstructure, and distribution of elements on the implant surface were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray energy diffraction spectroscopy(EDS), and MAP analysis, respectively. The radiographic images indicated the good radiopacity level of the SrO-coated PEEK implant. The amount of weight loss for the PEEK implant and the SrO-coated PEEK implant was 0.0006 g and 0.0004 g in 1500 cycles, respectively. Good wear resistance was observed in two cycles of 500 and 1500 for the pores and surface of the SrO-coated PEEK implant. The results of the cell culture and live/dead staining showed 98% growth and proliferation of cells on the SrO-coated PEEK implant. Therefore, the findings of this study demonstrated that the SrO-coated PEEK implant can be used as a suitable alternative for the Endobutton. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

726 - Synthesis of self-healing composite coating due to development of corrosion-resistant of 2024 Al alloy
Amir Hosein Sheikhali Mohammad Amin Kashi saz

The aim of this research is to improve the corrosion resistance and create the active inhibitory in hybrid-silane coatings. Therefor the graphene oxide (GO) nano-sheets and the methylene triphosphonic acid (ATMP) were used as a protective pigment and organic inhibitor c More

The aim of this research is to improve the corrosion resistance and create the active inhibitory in hybrid-silane coatings. Therefor the graphene oxide (GO) nano-sheets and the methylene triphosphonic acid (ATMP) were used as a protective pigment and organic inhibitor carrier in the coating, respectively. The peaks appearing in 1059, 1380, 1730, and 3430 cm-1 belong to hydroxyl stretching, carbonyl, hydroxyl bending, and epoxide groups confirmed the successful synthesis of GO nanoparticles by infrared transfer spectroscopy (FTIR). The displacement of two peaks of 230 and 250 nm in GO to 261 and 360 nm in GO-ATMP represent the successful reduction of graphene oxide by ATMP molecules. Then, the corrosion resistance of GO-ATMP coating was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization tests. The results showed that the ATMP inhibitor improves the corrosion resistance properties of the coating, and the corrosion current density is reduced as 50%. After successfully inhibiting adsorption on GO plates, the coating (GO-ATMP) was applied on 2024 aluminum alloy sheets. The results of EIS and salt-spray tests showed that the corrosion resistance properties of GO-ATMP coatings improved due to restrict the access of corrosive environment to the metal surface. The intelligent releasing of the inhibitor during electrolyte penetration in scratched area of the coating was confirmed by the formation of a protective film in the scratch area in the electron microscope image of the sample. This caused to restrict the electrochemical reactions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

727 - Production and characterization of WC-10Co-4Cr-xGr composite coating produced by thermal spraying method
mohammad razazi boroujeni Ayat Muayad Lafta Al Nidawi Farhad Azimifar

One of the most widely used methods to Improving the surface resistance of industrial parts is applying composite coatings such as WC-10Co-4Cr. But this coating, despite its excellent corrosion resistance, does not have a good tribological behavior compared to other tun More

One of the most widely used methods to Improving the surface resistance of industrial parts is applying composite coatings such as WC-10Co-4Cr. But this coating, despite its excellent corrosion resistance, does not have a good tribological behavior compared to other tungsten carbide base coatings. For this purpose, in this research, by adding graphite in two amounts of 7% and 14% by weight to WC-10C-4Cr powder and applying coatings by thermal spraying on the steel substrate, their tribological behavior was compared. Investigations were carried out with the help of SEM images, XRD test, roughness measurement and hardness measurement. Pin-on-disk test was also used to evaluate the wear resistance behavior of coatings and substrate. The results showed that despite the relative decrease in hardness and increase in the roughness of the tungsten carbide base coating, graphite leads to a significant improvement in the tribological behavior of the substrate and the tungsten carbide coating. Among the coatings, coating with 7% graphite It had the best wear resistance due to the combination of suitable hardness, low porosity and low friction coefficient. The wear mechanism of the coatings was also investigated with the help of SEM images and EDS analysis. It was found that the dominant mechanism of coatings containing graphite, dellamination and WC-10Co-4Cr coating was adhesive. The most important reason for increasing the tribological properties of coatings in the presence of graphite was the formation of a protective layer of these reinforcing particles in the wear path and around the pin. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

728 - بررسی اثر روش لایه نشانی دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم (TiO2) بر عملکرد سلول خورشیدی حساس شده با رنگدانه‌ (DSSC)
فرشته مومنی مهرداد کاشفی تربتی

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729 - Investigation of the Wear Corrosion and Hot Corrosion Properties of Alumina Coating Applied on Steel Substrate via High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Method
seyed Ali Khosravifard Amirhosein Yaghtin Amin Akhbarizadeh Alireza Araghi

In the present work, Alumina coating with an approximate thickness of 240 µm was applied via high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) method on a 4340 hot-work tool steel substrate. The morphology of the coating and the influences of the corrosive medium which contained hydr More

In the present work, Alumina coating with an approximate thickness of 240 µm was applied via high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) method on a 4340 hot-work tool steel substrate. The morphology of the coating and the influences of the corrosive medium which contained hydro-chloric acid (5-15 vol.%) were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Afterwards, the wear behavior of the coatings in dry and acidic wet environments were studied using a pin-on-disk wear apparatus and the wear mechanism was analyzed through SEM studies. The results of the wear tests showed that the wear rate in the 5% acidic medium was approximately the same as that of the dry test. Furthermore, the results showed that increasing the concentration of acid in the wear medium (up to 15%), leads to a continuous increase of the wear rate which was ascribed to increased corrosion rate. The dominant wear mechanism in all the tested situations was determined as sticking wear. As the wear rate increased, the wear surfaces showed increased roughness. Finally, hot corrosion experiments were carried on the coated specimens at the temperature of 880 ˚C. At this condition, the coating lasted for about 460 hours. Manuscript profile

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730 - بررسی رفتار خوردگی پوشش ها و آستری های مختلف مورد استفاده برای لوله های انتقال در صنعت آب کشور
امین اخباری زاده علیرضا عراقی محمد حسین پایدار

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731 - The role of graphite substrate on the formation of C/SiC gradient structure during pack cementation process
Jalil Pourasad Naser Ehsani Seyed Ali Khalife soltani

The graphite has been generally used as a high-temperature structural material. However, graphite can easily react with oxygen even at temperatures as low as 400 °C. The graded silicon carbide (SiC) characterized by compositional gradation over microscopic distances More

The graphite has been generally used as a high-temperature structural material. However, graphite can easily react with oxygen even at temperatures as low as 400 °C. The graded silicon carbide (SiC) characterized by compositional gradation over microscopic distances, is considered to be the most promising coating material in order to prevent the oxidation of graphite. In this paper, SiC coating has been created on five kinds of graphite substrates using a pack cementation method. The relationship between the microstructure and property of graphite substrates and SiC coating was investigated experimentally and theoretically. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrate that the coating obtained by the pack cementation is a dense structure comprising Si, C and β-SiC. It was found that the kind of graphite has marked effect on the microstructure of SiC coating. SiC gradient coating is expected to form on the surface of graphite with high density, good graphitized, appropriate porosity and the pore radius mainly over the range of 600–710 nm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

732 - ارزیابی میکروساختاری پوشش‌های YSZپاشش پلاسمایی
سید علی صادقی فدکی ضیاء والفی کریم زنگنه مدار

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733 - بررسی و مطالعه سختی و رفتار سایشی سه پوشش TiN، TiCN و TiN-TiCN-TiN اعمال شده بر روی فولاد ابزار D2 به روش تبخیر پرتو الکترونی EB-PVD
حسین شفیعی حسن شفیعی علی شفیعی

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734 - Optimization of pulsed GTAW for hard facing on St37 based with Nob73G2 filler metal
Mohsen Jahanian Najafabadi Hamid Ghayour Masoud Kasiri

This study attempts to investigate the micro structure and wear behavior done on the surface of carbon steel. In doing so, specimens of carbon steel were filled through gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) applying pulse and continuous currents by filler metal. The cross-sec More

This study attempts to investigate the micro structure and wear behavior done on the surface of carbon steel. In doing so, specimens of carbon steel were filled through gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) applying pulse and continuous currents by filler metal. The cross-section samples were examined by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The hardness test, the hardness of the samples was determined. Pin on disc wear test to evaluate the wear resistance of plain carbon steel specimens coated and welded something done. The wear surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, a sample with pulse configuration the lowest wear rate is the highest surface hardness. In order to optimize the welding conditions and the impact of each of the factors used to determine the degree of difficulty in pulsed mode, the Taguchi experimental design technique and the use of S / N ratio have been used. Finally, the overall results of the analysis revealed that the variable factors, peak flow and low flow, respectively, are considered the most influential factors on the response. Manuscript profile

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735 - Investigation on effect of different parameter on deposition kinetic of SiC coating applied by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method on carbon-carbon composite
Naser Hoseini Hosein Aghajani

In current investigation, after SiC coating being applied on carbon-carbon composite by chemical vapor deposition method (CVD), the effect of different parameters on deposition kinetic has been studied. In order to investigate the phases of SiC coating, XRD analysis has More

In current investigation, after SiC coating being applied on carbon-carbon composite by chemical vapor deposition method (CVD), the effect of different parameters on deposition kinetic has been studied. In order to investigate the phases of SiC coating, XRD analysis has been used. Moreover, SEM analysis has been carried out to study the morphology of Carbon-Carbon composite before and after SiC coating being applied. Furthermore, in order to study process exhaust, EDS analysis has been performed. In this regard, the effect of following parameters on deposition rate has been studied: temperature, entrance gas composition, time, and position of sample in reactor. The result of the research shows that, regarding to deposition mechanism; changes of deposition parameter affect the deposition rate. In addition, SEM images demonstrate that the crystal size of SiC and coating thickness in optimum condition of deposition are almost 300 nm and 3 μm consecutively. Finally, through the SEM images, the surface of Carbon-Carbon composite before and after SiC coating has been compared. Manuscript profile

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736 - تأثیر سدیم دودسیل سولفات بر ریخت شناسی و مقاومت خوردگی پوشش تبدیلی نانوزیرکونیایی روی ورق فولاد گالوانیزه
علی پیامی گلهین رضا اسلامی فارسانی حمید خرسند

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737 - Optical behavior of multilyer-composite Silica-Titania coatings applied by sol-gel method
Najme lari Shahrokh Ahangarani Ali Shanaghi

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738 - اثر تغییر جریان جوشکاری و درصد حجمی ذرات SiC بر سختی و مقاومت به سایش لایه کامپوزیتی ایجاد شده بر روی فولاد ASTM A106 با استفاده از فرآیند GTAW
حسین مظاهری محمود فاضل نجف آبادی علیرضا اعلائی

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739 - The role of vegetation under the lizards biomass, between two vegetation (shrubs and bushes) in Sabzevar region
احسان پروانه اول مائده دهقانی

Ecological efficiency is the product of the efficiencies with which organisms exploit their food resources and convert them into biomass. (E.Ricklefs andamp; L.Miller , 1999). This survey was accomplishing during for seven month on the 20000 ha of the south part of the More

Ecological efficiency is the product of the efficiencies with which organisms exploit their food resources and convert them into biomass. (E.Ricklefs andamp; L.Miller , 1999). This survey was accomplishing during for seven month on the 20000 ha of the south part of the Sabzevar region. The lizards captured on 4 one-ha plots (I-II-III-IV) that were chosen to represent two kind of vegetation (include of shrubs and bushes). Plots I, II placed at shrubs vegetation (Tamarix hispidaandHaloxilon aphyllum) and plots III, IV placed at bushes vegetation (Peganum harmalaand Cousinia sp). Lizards were sampled by 2 methods. The first method consist of padding, repeated search of areas during 2 days (on morning, noon and after noon and night). Nearly all encountered lizards were captured by noosing or by hand. The second sampling method was accomplished with pit-fall trapping. Twenty pitfall traps were established in each plot. All traps were plastic buckets (20 cm diameter and 18 cm length). Traps were placed at random-systematic within a plot, buried in the ground, and leveled with the soil surface. Traps were checked each 3 days. Finally each captured lizard was weighed and data analyzed with ANOVA method (by SPSS software). Outcome of analyze demonstrator that mean of lizard biomass in each of plots I,II is different with plots III,IV,{I III,IV andamp; II III , IV} , in addition , it is true for the sum mean of I,II and III,IV, {I,II andamp; III,IV}. [significant andgt; %95 (andalpha;=0.01(] Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

740 - The Effect of Two-Component Coating of Sodium Caseinate and Marjoram Extract on Fat and Oxidative Degradation Indices of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) at Refrigerator Temperature
Mehran Moslemi Meghdad Aminirad Masoud Hedayatifard

10.22034/ascij.2023.1969097.1434

The present study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using two-component oral coating of sodium caseinate and marjoram extract on fat and oxidative corrosive indices of silver fish at refrigerator temperature. These coatings included: coating with sodium ca More

The present study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using two-component oral coating of sodium caseinate and marjoram extract on fat and oxidative corrosive indices of silver fish at refrigerator temperature. These coatings included: coating with sodium caseinate and marjoram extract with dilution of 1 and 2% and non-extracted sodium caseinate. In order to investigate the effect of coatings, a group was considered as control and non-coating treatment. Fish fillets are immersed in the prepared solution for each treatment and then at room temperature to make the coating appropriate on them. The measurement of chemical parameters of FFA, TVN, TBA, PV and FAT was performed on zero, five and fifteen days. Based on the data obtained in FFA values, there was no significant difference in the zero day between treatments. But in the fifth, tenth and fifteenth days, there was a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05). For TVN values, there was no significant difference in zero day between treatments, but in the fifth and fifteenth days, there was a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05). For TBA values, there was no significant difference in the zero day between treatments, but this difference was significantly observed on the fifth, tenth and fifteenth days between treatments (p < 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in the zero day for PV values. During the fifth, tenth and fifteenth days, there was a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05). Based on data, this process was repeated for FAT values. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

741 - بررسی مکانیزم های خرابی در پوشش های حائل حرارتی تحت بارگذاری خستگی هم دما و غیرهم دما با طراحی آزمایش ها
محمد آزادی غلامحسین فرهی

  در این مقاله، مکانیزم‌های شکست و خرابی یک آلیاژ آلومینیوم (که در بستار موتورهای احتراق داخلی دیزلی کاربرد دارد) در دو حالت با و بدون پوشش‌های حائل حرارتی سرامیکی، تحت بارگذاری‌های خستگی هم‌دما و غیرهم‌دما، مطالعه شده است. در این تحقیق، ماده پایه شامل آلیاژ آلومین More

  در این مقاله، مکانیزم‌های شکست و خرابی یک آلیاژ آلومینیوم (که در بستار موتورهای احتراق داخلی دیزلی کاربرد دارد) در دو حالت با و بدون پوشش‌های حائل حرارتی سرامیکی، تحت بارگذاری‌های خستگی هم‌دما و غیرهم‌دما، مطالعه شده است. در این تحقیق، ماده پایه شامل آلیاژ آلومینیوم- سیلیسیوم- منیزیم است و پوشش حائل حرارتی نیز، شامل یک پوشش میانی فلزی به ضخامت 150 میکرومتر و یک پوشش اصلی از زیرکونیای پایدار شده با ایتریا به ضخامت 350 میکرومتر می‌باشد که بر روی ماده پایه (آلیاژ آلومینیوم)، به روش پاشش حرارتی پلاسما ایجاد شده است. برای بررسی تحلیل خرابی و تحلیل حساسیت، آزمون‌های خستگی هم‌دما (و یا کم‌چرخه در دمای ثابت) و آزمون‌های خستگی غیرهم‌دما (و یا ترمومکانیکی غیرهم‌فاز)، بر روی نمونه‌های استاندارد آزمون انجام شده است. سپس، با استفاده از میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی، مکانیزم‌های شکست در آلیاژ آلومینیوم، با و بدون پوشش، بررسی شده است. پس از بررسی آسیب خستگی و تحلیل خرابی، حساسیت عمر ماده نسبت به عوامل مختلف (دما و کرنش) نیز، مطالعه شده است. براساس نتایج بدست آمده، سطح شکست آلیاژ آلومینیوم دارای دیمپل بوده و شکست آن بصورت نرم است. در پوشش حائل حرارتی نیز، جدایش لایه میانی پوشش از ماده پایه، مکانیزم آسیب غالب است. همچنین، بیشترین حساسیت مربوط به پارامتر کرنش در آزمون‌های خستگی آلیاژ آلومینیوم (با و بدون پوشش) است. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

742 - ارزیابی عملکرد ابزار با پوشش های چند لایه نانوکریستال در ماشین کاری سوپر آلیاژ اینکونل 718
رسول مختاری همامی بهروز موحدی ایرج لیرابی مهدی بازرگان حقیقی

در این مقاله، عملکرد ابزار با پوششهای چند لایه نانوکریستال با ترکیب TiN+TiAlN برای ماشینکاری سوپر آلیاژ پایه نیکل اینکونل 718 در شرایط برشکاری خشک و مرطوب مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. برای این منظور پوشش چند لایه TiN و TiAlN با ساختار نانوکریستال توسط فرایند رس More

در این مقاله، عملکرد ابزار با پوششهای چند لایه نانوکریستال با ترکیب TiN+TiAlN برای ماشینکاری سوپر آلیاژ پایه نیکل اینکونل 718 در شرایط برشکاری خشک و مرطوب مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. برای این منظور پوشش چند لایه TiN و TiAlN با ساختار نانوکریستال توسط فرایند رسوب فیزیکی بخار و با روش قوس تبخیری بر اینسرت‌هایی با ترکیب کاربید تنگستن- کبالت اعمال شد. نتایج حاصل از آزمون سایشی بال بر دیسک و همچنین ماشینکاری سوپر آلیاژ پایه نیکل اینکونل718 در شرایط برشکاری خشک و مرطوب نشان داد که نانوکریستال بودن لایهای، عملکرد بسیار عالی را برای ابزارها در حین ماشینکاری به‌وجود می‌آورد. وجود کریستالها یا دانههایی در ابعاد40-15 نانومتر همراه با درصد بهینهای از آلومینیوم در پوشش TiAlN، مقاومت سایشی بالا ایجاد می‌کند و ترکیب مناسبی از مقاومت به سایش خراشان و چسبندگی به زیر لایه به همراه چقرمگی و پایداری حرارتی مطلوب را فراهم می‌نماید. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

743 - Measuring the Efficiency and Productivity of Commercial Banks in Iran by using a Hybrid Model of Fuzzy TOPSIS, DEA and MPI
ali fazelyazdi mahmod moienaldin

Given the very essential role of banks in Iran, their improper operations might generate a critical environment. The present study seeks to examine the efficiency and productivity of Iran commercial banks for a period from 2007 to 2011 by using Fuzzy TOPSIS, DEA and Mal More

Given the very essential role of banks in Iran, their improper operations might generate a critical environment. The present study seeks to examine the efficiency and productivity of Iran commercial banks for a period from 2007 to 2011 by using Fuzzy TOPSIS, DEA and Malmquist index. For implementing this model, the significance of the inputs (total assets, equity, total costs and total debts) and outputs (total revenue, E-banking, granted loans and receiveables and currency trades) are calculated by using Fuzzy TOPSIS method to be used in DEA and Malmquist index. The findings reveal that the total assets (among inputs) and granted loans and receivables (among outputs) have the highest significance. The results of banks’ efficiency document that Mehr-e-Iranian, Sina, Sarmayeh, Pasargad, Karafarin, Maskan, Toseh-e-Saderat and Eghtesad-e-Novin have the best operation. The findings related to productivity also indicate that the average productivity rate of the banks are negative over the years from 2007 to 2011; except for Melli, Mellat, Sanat Madan, Saderat, Sepah, Tejarat, Keshavarzi, Parsian, Karafarin and Post Bank (the average productivity rate of these banks are more than one). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

744 - A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Model for Supplier Selection by Considering Sustainable Criteria: A Case Study in a Stone Industry
Farnaz Barzinpour hanie moazeni mirsaman pishvai

Supplier selection is a vital process in which the vender tries to improve its relations with the chosen suppliers. In this procedure, by considering all alternatives and criteria evaluation, suppliers are selected. One of the methods used to evaluate and choose supplie More

Supplier selection is a vital process in which the vender tries to improve its relations with the chosen suppliers. In this procedure, by considering all alternatives and criteria evaluation, suppliers are selected. One of the methods used to evaluate and choose suppliers is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This paper proposes a model to evaluate suppliers with DEA. Sustainability criteria, which includes measures of three aspects, social, economic and environmental, are considered and three approaches, aggressive, benevolent and conservative of DEA, for considering all policies of organizations is utilized. In this research, a case study is conducted at a stone factory. Data’s of 19 quarries as suppliers in this research, is collected and top 10 suppliers are chosen and suggested to the factory. This model is solved with GAMS and finally, sensitivity analysis on the top ranked suppliers, displays importance of the criteria to help other suppliers to improve their performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

745 - Scruting the performance of commodity suppliers and contractors, supply chain gas company province charmahal and bakhtiari by methodology dea
mahin fazeli farsani fatemeh ziglari shahram Asadi

Nowadays the need for more specialized businesses based on market demand for the goods and services as well as customized consumer trends, strategic alliances and organizations need to have a unified supply chain. In this case, selection of suppliers in line with long-t More

Nowadays the need for more specialized businesses based on market demand for the goods and services as well as customized consumer trends, strategic alliances and organizations need to have a unified supply chain. In this case, selection of suppliers in line with long-term goals and strategies not only increases efficiency, but also the effectiveness of the activities, the efficiency of the organization will be effective as well. The objective of this study was to scrute the performance of two groups of commodity suppliers and contractors supply chain gas province, which was conducted using data envelopment analysis. Data from this study for suppliers of goods, in addition to written documentation by gas firm the questionnaire that was sent to the experts of commodity gas companies across the country, but only 10 of them responded, and data on contractors by standard questionnaire itself now collected. Results showed that the most important factor that should be according suppliers is the most important indicator of the contractors operating the facility and equipment, as well as suppliers and contractors performance and can be set at one hundred percent rated suppliers and contractors, and other achievements of this study select a model for commodity suppliers and contractors gas Company is Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

746 - Application of Artificial Neural Network to Estimate the Strategic Value Creation Via Relative Efficiency in the Automotive Industry
Akbar Valizadeh Oghani Nasser Fegh-hi Farahmand Farzin Modarres Khiabani Majid Bagherzadeh

  The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of relative efficiency of companies on value creation in the automotive industry accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The data were extracted from the financial statements of selected companies during in the 2 More

  The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of relative efficiency of companies on value creation in the automotive industry accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The data were extracted from the financial statements of selected companies during in the 2013-2017. Initially, with the implementation of the DEA model with a native model, the relative efficiency is determined for each company. Then the strategic value creation of the companies is measured by the average of the factors such as return on equity, Q Tobin ratio, return on investment, and wealth creation for shareholders. The neural network model used in this study is a multilayer perceptron with back propagation error training pattern. The results show that the implementation of the artificial neural network model in the automotive industry explains the strategic value of the companies to a satisfactory level through the relative efficiency index and other input variables. Although some of the companies are efficient, such as Rana Investments Co., Khawar Spring Co., Saipa Diesel, Bahman Group and Charkheshgar Co., But in recent years, the automotive industry has been inefficient. At the same time, companies in this industry have somehow been able to strategically create value for their shareholders and their owners.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

747 - Comparison of the impact of bio-fertilizers on agronomic characteristics, livestock and medicinal Salvia officinalis
Seyyed Javad Marashi Joseph Niknejad Hormoz Falah Amoli Jaber Mehdiniya Afra2

 In order to study the effect of stimulating the growth of bacteria and other fertilizer (PGPR) on yield and yield components of medicinal plant Salvia in the cloud for factorial in a randomized complete block design, with three replications in a garden of citrus t More

 In order to study the effect of stimulating the growth of bacteria and other fertilizer (PGPR) on yield and yield components of medicinal plant Salvia in the cloud for factorial in a randomized complete block design, with three replications in a garden of citrus trees with a height between 2014, 11 meters above sea level was carried out. The first factor in 3 levels include : manure 3 tons, 6 tons per hectare, the second factor control. 4 level include : Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Azospirillum and Pseudomonas + control. The use of stimulus effect of bacteria fertilizer and other significant growth on increasing the length of Size Canopy, Height, Root volume, During leaf, Leaf width, has a number of tributaries. The interaction of the biological and organic fertilizer is also the Size Canopy and the Root volume on a subsidiary of a significant positive impact on other traits was having. Based on the results of interaction most the length of the Size Canopy and Height and Root volume, During leaf, Leaf width were tributaries in combination of two bacteria associated with the application of fertilizer average 64.33  cm, 58.40 Cm, 64.73 Ml, 6.86 Cm and 2 Cm respectively, and the lowest amount of 6 tons of these attributes in the mode of not using manure and biological fertilizer was achieved without the use of it average 41 Cm, 35.06 Cm, 25.36 Cm, 25.36 Ml, 4.13 Cm, 1.16 respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

748 - Development of network data envelopment analysis model to evaluate the technical efficiency of the pharmaceutical industry
Seyede Elham Eftekharian Seyed Farzad Hashemi Ali Nemati Razieh Mehrjoo Mahnaz Ahadzadeh Namin

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the technical efficiency of listed companies in the pharmaceutical industry in 2021. To achive this, the additive model of two-stage network data envelopment analysis was investigated with semi-positive and negative indicators More

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the technical efficiency of listed companies in the pharmaceutical industry in 2021. To achive this, the additive model of two-stage network data envelopment analysis was investigated with semi-positive and negative indicators and simultaneously considering the production process(Fundamental Analysis) in the first stage and the financial production process (Technical Analysis) in the second stage. In addition, FAHP applied to determine the weights of the first and second stages. The results showed: the production process is more important in defining the total efficiency of a company in the Stock Exchange. In the first stage, %33 and in the second stage, %25 of the pharmaceutical industry companies achieved full efficiency of one. According to the efficiency one of %13 companies of the studied industry in both first and second stages, the efficiency of the mentioned companies was also full and found to be one; These companies include Toliddaru, Exir Pharmaceutical and Loghman Pharmaceutical & Hygienic Companies. The lowest total efficiency belongs to Sobhan Pharmaceutical Group. In general, 88% companies of the studied industry have an efficiency higher than 0.5. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

749 - Productivity Evaluation and Measurement in Iranian Petroleum Industry Health Organization
Meysam Azimian Mahdi Karbasian Hamed Rahimpour Shahrzad Falahi

In health care provider organizations (HCPOs), there are several sub-units, simultaneously providing health and preventive services to the population covered, in which measuring productivity is one of the most important challenges for the managers of these organizations More

In health care provider organizations (HCPOs), there are several sub-units, simultaneously providing health and preventive services to the population covered, in which measuring productivity is one of the most important challenges for the managers of these organizations. Hence, the purpose of this study is to provide an integrative approach of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to monitor the productivity in Iranian Petroleum Industry Health Organization (PIHO) as an HCPO. In this study, using the indicators related to efficiency and defining the specialized indicators affecting the performance of the sub-units of this organization, the growth rate of the performance of the sub-units was determined through calculating four distance functions and Malmquist productivity Index. According to the results of this study, 27 specialized indicators in the fields of direct and indirect health and preventive services for monitoring the effectiveness of proposed HCPO have been presented. Also, the growth rate of productivity of the fifteen areas of the organization under study has been evaluated from 2019 to 2021. The innovative aspect of this article lies in the definition of effectiveness measurement indicators and presentation of a theoretical framework for monitoring the rate of productivity in HCPOs. The findings of this applied research in health service organizations can be used to enhance capacity in different areas of health care and save resources. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

750 - Model Of Comprehensive Evaluating Of The Performance Of Schools With Integrated Model
Behnaz Mohajeran Alireza GHalenoi Einolah Rahmani

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

751 - An analysis of relationship between transformational leadership style in managers in Ostandari Khorasan Razavi entrepreneurship capabilities in personnel
Hamid Rahimi Mobina Ghoraba Akram Dabashi Reza Rafati

  Abstract The purpose of this research was an analysis of relationship between transformational leadership style in managers Ostandari Khorasan Razavi and entrepreneurship capabilities in personnel.  The research type was descriptive - correlative method. Th More

  Abstract The purpose of this research was an analysis of relationship between transformational leadership style in managers Ostandari Khorasan Razavi and entrepreneurship capabilities in personnel.  The research type was descriptive - correlative method. The statistical population consisted of 79 personnel of which through simple random sampling method 32 members were chosen as the sample. The research instrument was 1).transformational leadership style questionnaire with 22 items and 2).entrepreneurship questionnaire with 47 items which by use of Cronbach alpha coefficient, reliability coefficients were obtained equal to 0.93 for entrepreneurship questionnaire and 0.91 for transformational leadership style questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed at level of inferential statistics (correlation coefficient, multivariate variance and regression). Research findings revealed that mean of entrepreneurship dimensions is bigger than average. The research findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership style and need for achievement and ambiguity tolerance. Also there are a positive and significant relationship between independency and All components of entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

752 - Examining the communication process of social networks in order to model the planning and management of crisis news coverage
Mohammad amin Ramezani Ismail Abad Shahnaz Hashemi Mohammad Soltanifar

The planning and management of the news field in all prominent and professional media of the world takes place in completely different conditions: one in a normal situation and another in abnormal and critical conditions. It is obvious that under normal circumstances, t More

The planning and management of the news field in all prominent and professional media of the world takes place in completely different conditions: one in a normal situation and another in abnormal and critical conditions. It is obvious that under normal circumstances, the news editors who are in charge of managing media activities and endeavors are able to design and implement their news schedule in such a way that both their goals and media missions reach a desirable end and The needs, desires and preferences of the audience should be provided. The purpose of this research is to investigate the communication process of social networks in order to model the planning and management of crisis news coverage. The results show that in a crisis situation where information is distorted on the one hand, and on the other hand, usual technologies of power and, accordingly, decision-making and management methods in normal conditions do not work, any plan requires the appropriate productivity of knowledge. It is a different strategy and special power technologies. It should plan to prevent the crisis or minimize its effects when the worst situations occur and then look for ways to manage and solve it. Concepts such as crisis and crisis management towards the duties of managers and how they deal with the crisis, factors that aggravate or prevent the crisis such as news writing styles, the role images, news centers in crisis situations, the rumor market and crisis models are very important in this regard. Are important. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

753 - Corrosion resistance evaluation of epoxy/graphene oxide nanocomposite coatings on metal substrate in seawater environment
parvaneh sangpour

In the present study, in order to investigate the effect of different weight percentages of graphene oxide on the corrosion resistance of epoxy-graphene oxide nanocomposite coatings, graphene oxide in amounts of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 weight percent was added to the epoxy res More

In the present study, in order to investigate the effect of different weight percentages of graphene oxide on the corrosion resistance of epoxy-graphene oxide nanocomposite coatings, graphene oxide in amounts of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 weight percent was added to the epoxy resin and the nanocomposite coatings were It was created on ST-12 steel substrate by sputtering method. Epiran 01-x75 epoxy resin and Crayamid 115 amide hardener were used with a weight ratio of 1.3 to 1. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

754 - Determining the Optimal Conditions for the Magnetic Removal of Cr6+ from Aqueous Solutions by Magnetic Nanoparticles Coated with Silica by Experimental Design Method
Nasim Ziaifar

In this research, the synthesis of magnetic iron nanoparticles coated with silica and modified with dithiocarbamate and its performance in removing Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions were performed. The properties and structure of magnetic iron nanoparticles with silica coa More

In this research, the synthesis of magnetic iron nanoparticles coated with silica and modified with dithiocarbamate and its performance in removing Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions were performed. The properties and structure of magnetic iron nanoparticles with silica coating were investigated and confirmed by FTIR, XRD, SEM. The obtained morphology shows that magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with silica have good mechanical stability and are not decomposed in the reaction process. The XRD spectrum of the nano magnet sample with the synthesized silica coating shows the presence of iron oxide magnetic particles, which have magnetic properties. The effect of different experimental factors on cadmium removal including pH, adsorbent amount, stirring time, and temperature effect in the discontinuous system were studied. Under optimum conditions (pH=6, adsorbent 0.1 gr , Cr (VI) concentration 10 ppm, stirring time of 15 min and ambient temperature) the removal rate of Cr (VI) was 98.22%. To further investigate the Cr (VI) removal optimization process of the modified magnetic nanoparticles, and to determine the effect of each parameter on the adsorption process, the Taguchi optimization approach was used. Using experimental design, it was possible to eliminate unnecessary factors, calculate the percentage of importance of each variable, determine the amount of error and determine the optimal conditions. The using Taguchi method showed that the greatest effect is related to the amount of the magnetic nanoparticles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

755 - The Effect of Green Synthesis of Chitosan with Oat Extract on the Germination of Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)
Ali ebadi فاطمه احدنیا

Oats (Avena sativa L.) possess allelopathic properties and can serve as effective cover crops to inhibit weed growth. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the aqueous extract and formulated extract of oats with chitosan nanoparticles on the germination of red r More

Oats (Avena sativa L.) possess allelopathic properties and can serve as effective cover crops to inhibit weed growth. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the aqueous extract and formulated extract of oats with chitosan nanoparticles on the germination of red root pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) in the year 2021. The experiment was designed using a factorial based on a completely randomized design, with three repetitions. The experimental treatments included the type of extract (aqueous extract of oats and formulated extract of oats with chitosan nanoparticles) and six control concentrations (distilled water and chitosan without plant extract), 10, 50, 100, 150, and 200 g/L. The results of the study demonstrated that the interaction between the type of extract and different concentrations significantly affected the evaluated traits at the probability level of 1%. The percentage of germination in the aqueous extract of oats and its formulated extract with chitosan nanoparticles in concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 were zero, 16.66, 15.33, and 5.33%, respectively. Also, increasing the concentration of the extract formulated with chitosan caused a decrease in germination rate (85.46, 87.95, and 96.10%), mean daily germination percentage (82.75, 84.20, and 94.49%), seedling vigor index (85.53, 87.60 and 97.71%) and synchronization index (45.76, 47.90 and 14.75%) of the red root pigweed compared to chitosan without plant extract. These findings suggest that of the aqueous extract of oats had a greater inhibition on the germination the red root pigweed weed. Manuscript profile

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