Determining the Optimal Conditions for the Magnetic Removal of Cr6+ from Aqueous Solutions by Magnetic Nanoparticles Coated with Silica by Experimental Design Method

Subject Areas :

Nasim Ziaifar ¹

1 - Department of Chemistry, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran

Received: 2023-05-31 Accepted : 2023-09-26 Published : 2024-05-05

Keywords:

Abstract :

In this research, the synthesis of magnetic iron nanoparticles coated with silica and modified with dithiocarbamate and its performance in removing Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions were performed. The properties and structure of magnetic iron nanoparticles with silica coating were investigated and confirmed by FTIR, XRD, SEM. The obtained morphology shows that magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with silica have good mechanical stability and are not decomposed in the reaction process. The XRD spectrum of the nano magnet sample with the synthesized silica coating shows the presence of iron oxide magnetic particles, which have magnetic properties. The effect of different experimental factors on cadmium removal including pH, adsorbent amount, stirring time, and temperature effect in the discontinuous system were studied. Under optimum conditions (pH=6, adsorbent 0.1 gr , Cr (VI) concentration 10 ppm, stirring time of 15 min and ambient temperature) the removal rate of Cr (VI) was 98.22%. To further investigate the Cr (VI) removal optimization process of the modified magnetic nanoparticles, and to determine the effect of each parameter on the adsorption process, the Taguchi optimization approach was used. Using experimental design, it was possible to eliminate unnecessary factors, calculate the percentage of importance of each variable, determine the amount of error and determine the optimal conditions. The using Taguchi method showed that the greatest effect is related to the amount of the magnetic nanoparticles.

References:

[1] A.E. Nemr, O. Abdelwahab, A. El-Sikaily, A. Khaled, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161, 2009,102.
[2] B.H. Hameed, D.K. Mahmoud, A.L. Ahmad, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158, 2008, 65.
[3] A. Afkhami, M.S. Tehrani, H. Bagheri, Desalination, 263, 2010, 240.
[4] I. Penka, L. Girginova, D. Silva, B. Cludia, P. Figueira, M. Otero, S. Amaral, E. Pereira, T. Trindade, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 345, 2010, 234.
[5] J. Zolgharnein, N. Asanjarani, S.N. Mousavi, Clean–Soil, Air, Water, 39, 2011, 250.
[6] N. Ziaeifar , M. Khosravi , M.A. Behnajady , M.R. Sohrabi, N. Modirshahla, Water Science and Technology, 72, 2015, 721.
[7] Y. Shen, J. Tang, Z. Nie, Y. Wan, Y. Ren, Y. Zuo, Separationand Purification Technology, 68, 2009, 312.
[8] G. Absala, M. Asadi, S. Kamran, L. Sheikhian, D.M. Goltz, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 192, 2011, 476.
[9] بهناز عشقی، نسیم ضیایی‌فر، "حذف رنگ راکتیو قرمز 198 از محلول‌های آبی با استفاده از نانوذرات مغناطیسی عامل‌دار شده با مایعات یونی و بهینه‌سازی فرآیند با طراحی آزمایش به روش تاگوچی"، نشریه نانومواد، شماره 43، 1399، 152-141.
[10] L. Gholami, N. Ziaefar, H. Sheikhloie, Water Science and Technology, 81, 2020, 228.
[11] E. Karimi-Pasandideh, R. Rezaei-Kalantary, S. Nasseri, A.H. Mahvi, R. Nabizadeh, A. Esrafili, Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, 7, 2014, 289.
[12] L. Bai, H. Hu, W. Fu, J. Wan, X. Cheng, L.Zhuge, L. Xiong, Q. Chena, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 195, 2011, 261.
[13] M. Bahrami, S. Brumand-Nasab, A. Farrokhian-Firouzi, A.A. Babaei, J. Health & Environ, 6, 2013, 221.
[14] L. Fan, Y. Zhang, Sustainability, 91, 2012, 250.
[15] X. Fu, X. Chen, J. Wang, J. Liu, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 139, 2011, 8.
[16] Z. Zhang, M. Li, W. Chen, S. Zhu, N. Liu, L. Zhu, Environmental Pollution, 158, 2010, 514.
[17] C.C. Berry, A.S.G. Curtis, Journal of Physics D: Appl. Phys, 36, 2003, 198.
[18] P. Charles, J. Poole, J. Frank, Owens, Introduction to Nanotechnol, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
[19] H. Murray, Nanotechnology, Gregory, Timp Bell Babaratories, 1999.
[20] H. Guo, S. Luo, L. Chen, X. Xiao, Q. Xi, W. Wei, Bioresource Technology, 101, 2010, 08599.
[21] H. Wang, A.A. Keller, K.K. Clark, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 194, 2011, 156.
[22] R. Nithya, T. Gomathi, P. Sudha, S. Anil, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 87, 2016, 545.