Evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of ZnFe2O4-TiO2 composite coating elaborated by flame spraying process

Subject Areas :

امیرحسین نویدپور ¹ , مهدی صالحی ² , مهدی امیرنصر ³ , حمید رضا سلیمی جزی ⁴ , مهران آذرپور سیاهکلی ⁵ , یعقوب کلانتری ⁶

1 - دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
2 - دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
3 - دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
4 - دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
5 - دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
6 - دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

Received: 2016-08-14 Accepted : 2019-03-04 Published : 2019-02-20

Keywords: Methylene Blue, TiO2, Coating, ZnFe2O4, Flame spraying,

Abstract :

Among various techniques which have been used for degradation of chemical pollutants, advanced oxidation processes (such as photocatalytic process) have received attention due to their specific properties. In this investigation, ZnFe2O4-10wt% TiO2 composite film was elaborated using flame spraying process. Powders of titania (TiO2: 75vol. % anatase, 25vol. % rutile) and zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4), which was synthesized by mechanical alloying process, were mixed together (weight ratio of 1:9) and deposited on stainless steel 316 substrate. In order to evaluate the structure, morphology, and photo-adsorption ability of the coating, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy were used, respectively. Photocatalytic performance of the deposited film was studied by bleaching of aquatic methylene blue solution with the concentration of 5 mg/Lit. The results showed that the composite coating, which was elaborated by flame spraying, possesses relatively good photo-adsorption ability as well as photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of methylene blue (under visible light irradiation).

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[38] H. Lv, L. Ma, P. Zeng, D. Ke & T. Peng, “Synthesis of floriated ZnFe₂O₄ with porous nanorod structures and its photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light”, Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 20, pp. 3665-3672, 2010.

 

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[2]     N. Daneshvar, S. Aber, V. Vatanpour & M. H. Rasoulifard, “Electro-fenton treatment of dye solution containing orange II, Influence of operational parameters”, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 615, pp. 165-174, 2008.

 

[3]     Lopes, S. Martins, A. Morao, M. Magrinho & I. Goncalves, “Degradation of a textile dye C. I. direct red 80 by electrochemical processes”, Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 22, pp. 279-294, 2004.

 

[4]     W. Somasiri, X. F. Li, W. Q. Ruan & C. Jian, “Evaluation of the efficacy of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor in removal of colour and reduction of COD in real textile wastewater”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 99, pp. 3692-3699, 2008.

 

[5]       ح. موحدیان عطار و ر. رضایی، "بررسی کارآیی فناوری اکسیداسیون فتوشیمیایی پیشرفته (APO) در تجزیه رنگزای پلی آزوی مستقیم با فرآیند UV/H₂O₂"، مجله آب و فاضلاب، شماره 59، صفحه 83-75، 1385.

 

[6]     Y. Peng, D. Fu, R. Liu, F. Zhang & X. Liang, “NaNO₂/FeCl₃ catalyzed wet oxidation of the azo dye acid orange 7”, Chemosphere, Vol. 71, pp. 990-997, 2008.

 

[7]     T. Joshi, L. Iyengar, K. Singh & S. Garg, “Isolation, identification and application of novel bacterial consortium TJ-1 for the decolourization of structurally different azo dyes”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 99, pp. 7115-7121, 2008.

 

[8]       ع. اسدی، ر. ناطقی، س. ناصری، م. محمدیان، ح. محمدی و غ. بنیادی نژاد، "کاربرد فرایند فتوکاتالیستی UV/NiO در حذف رنگزای پلی آزوی مستقیم" مجله آب و فاضلاب، شماره 3، صفحه 84-78، 1391.

 

[9]     W. Zhou, L. Lin, W. Wang, L. Zhang, Q. Wu, J. Li & L. Guo, “Hierarchial mesoporous hematite with electron-transport channels and its improved performances in photocatalysis and lithium ion batteries”, The Journal of Physicsl Chemistry C, Vol. 115, pp. 7126-7133, 2011.

 

[10] J. Bandara, U. Klehm & J. Kiwi, “Raschig rings-Fe₂O₃ composite photocatalyst activate in the degradation of 4-chlorophenol and Orange II under daylight irradiationˮ, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 76, pp. 73-81, 2007.

 

[11] S. Mozia, M. Tomaszewska & A. W. Morawski, “Photocatalytic degradation of azo-dye Acid Red 18ˮ, Desalination, Vol. 185, pp. 449-456, 2005.

 

[12] N. Daneshvar, D. Salari & A. R. Khataee, “Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye acid red 14 in water: investigation of the effect of operational parameters”, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, Vol. 157, pp. 111-116, 2003.

 

[13] N. Daneshvar, D. Salari & A. R. Khataee, “Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye acid red 14 in water on ZnO as an alternative catalyst to TiO₂”, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, Vol. 162, pp. 317-322, 2004.

 

[14]    ا. جمال، ا. غلامپور، س. جانی تباردرزی و ع. رضایی، "بررسی کاربرد فتوکاتالیست­ها و نانو فتوکاتالیست­ها در حذف آلاینده­های زیست محیطی و مکانیسم اثر آن­ها"، اولین همایش تخصصی محیط زیست، 1385.

 

[15] Akyol, H. C. Yatmaz & M. Bayramoglu, “Photocatalytic decolorization of Remazol Red RR in aqueous ZnO suspensions”, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 54, pp. 19-24, 2004.

 

[16] X. Xu, C. Randorn, P. Efstathiou & J. T. S. Irvine, “A red metallic oxide photocatalyst”, Nature Materials, Vol. 11, pp. 595-598, 2012.

 

[17] C. Lee, H. Choi, C. Lee & H. Kim, “Photocatalytic properties of nano-structured TiO₂ plasma sprayed coating”, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 173, pp. 192-200, 2003.

 

[18]   ا. نکوبین و م. خدیوی، "بررسی و مطالعه عملکرد سنسور گازی ساخته شده از پوشش نانو سیمی اکسید روی"، مجله فرآیندهای نوین در مهندسی مواد، شماره 3، صفحه 113-107، 1392.

 

[19]    ح. غیور، ا. نکوبین و ا. ع. نوربخش، "پوشش نانو سیم­های اکسید روی بر روی الکترود آرایه­های درهم تنیده طلا و بررسی عملکرد نانو حسگر گازهای الکلی"، مجله فرآیندهای نوین در مهندسی مواد، شماره 2، صفحه 22-13، 1395.

 

[20] M. Miki-Yoshida, V. Collins-Martinez, P. Amezaga-Madrid & A. Aguilar-Elguezabal, “Thin films of photocatalytic TiO₂ and ZnO deposited inside a tubing by spray pyrolysis”, Thin Solid Films, Vol. 419, pp. 60-64, 2002.

 

[21] S. Sakthivel, B. Neppolian, M. V. Shankar, B. Arabindoo, M. Palanichamy & V. Murugesan, “Solar photocatalytic degradation of azo dye: comparison of photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO and TiO₂, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells”, Vol. 77, pp. 65-82, 2003.

 

[22] Khazaei, A. Ranjbaran, F. Abbasi, M. Khazaei & A. R. Moosavi-Zare, “Synthesis, characterization and application of ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles as A heterogeneous ditopic catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d] pyrimidines”, RSC Advances, Vol. 5, pp. 13643-13647, 2015.

 

[23] D. Paola, E. Garcia-Lopez, G. Marci & L. Palmisano, “A survey of photocatalytic materials for environmental remediation”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 211-212, pp. 3-29, 2012.

 

[24] J. Y. Patil, D. Y. Nadargi, J. L. Gurav, I. S. Mulla & S. S. Suryavanshi, “Glycine combusted ZnFe₂O₄ gas sensor: evaluation of structural, morphological and gas response properties”, Ceramics International, Vol. 40, pp. 10607-10613, 2014.

 

[25] Tahir, K. G. U. Wijayantha, M. Mazhar & V. McKee, “ZnFe₂O₄ thin films from a single source precursor by aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition”, Thin Solid Films, Vol. 518, pp. 3664-3668, 2010.

 

[26] Timopheev, A. M. Azevedo, N. A. Sobolev, K. Brachwitz, M. Lorenz, M. Ziese, P. Esquinazi & M. Grundmann, “Magnetic anisotropy of epitaxial zinc ferrite thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition”, Thin Solid Films, Vol. 527, pp. 273-277, 2013.

 

[27] R. Dom, G. Sivakumar, N. Y. Hebalkar, S. V. Joshi & P. H. Borse, “Deposition of nanostructured photocatalytic zinc ferrite films using solution precursor plasma spraying”, Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 47, pp. 562-570, 2012.

 

[28] Y. Zeng, J. Liu, W. Wu & C. Ding, “Photocatalytic performance of plasma sprayed TiO₂−ZnFe₂O₄coatings”, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 200, pp. 2398-2402, 2005.

 

[29] M. Bozorgtabar, M. Rahimipour & M. Salehi, “Effect of thermal spray processes on anatase–rutile phase transformation in nano-structured TiO₂ photo-catalyst coatings”, Surface Engineering, Vol. 26, pp. 422-427, 2010.

 

[30] H. Navidpour, M. Salehi, M. Amirnasr, H. R. Salimijazi, M. Azarpour Siahkali, Y. Kalantari & M. Mohammadnezhad, “Photocatalytic iron oxide coatings produced by thermal spraying process”, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, Vol. 24, pp. 1487-1497, 2015.

 

[31] M. Bozorgtabar, M. Rahimipour, M. Salehi & M. Jafarpour, “The photo-absorption and surface feature of nano-structured TiO₂ coatings”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 56, pp. 346-348, 2011.

[32] R. J. Talib, S. Saad, M. R. M. Toff & H. Hashim, “Thermal spray coating technology – a review”, Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 109-117, 2003.

[33] P. Hu, D. A. Pan, X. F. Wang, J. J. Tian, J. Wang, S. G. Zhang & A. A. Volinsky, “Fuel additives and heat treatment effects on nanocrystalline zinc ferrite phase composition”, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 323,pp. 569-573, 2011.

 

[34] H. Kaneko, T. Kodama, N. Gokon, Y. Tamaura, K. Lovegrove & A. Luzzi, “Decomposition of Zn-ferrite for O₂ generation by concentrated solar radiation”, Solar Energy, Vol. 76, pp. 317-322, 2004.

 

[35] M. Li, B. Peng, L. Chai, N. Peng, H. Yan & D. Hou, “Recovery of iron from zinc leaching residue by selective reduction roasting with carbon”, Vol. 237-238, pp. 323-330, 2012.

 

[36] Y. Tian, D. Wu, X. Jia, B. Yu & S. Zhan, “Core-shell nanostructure of α-Fe₂O₃/Fe₃O₄: synthesis and photocatalysis for methyl orange”, Journal of Nanomaterials, Vol. 2011, 5 pages, 2011.

 

[37] R. Dadigala, B. R. Gangapuram, R. Bandi, A. Dasari & V. Guttena, “Synthesis and characterization of C–TiO₂/FeTiO₃ and CQD/C–TiO₂/FeTiO₃ photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic activities under sunlight irradiation”, Acta Metallurgica Sinica, Vol. 29, pp. 17-27, 2016.

[38] H. Lv, L. Ma, P. Zeng, D. Ke & T. Peng, “Synthesis of floriated ZnFe₂O₄ with porous nanorod structures and its photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light”, Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 20, pp. 3665-3672, 2010.

 [39] M. A. Valenzuela, P. Bosch, J. Jimenez-Becerrill, O. Quiroz & A. I. Paez, “Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of ZnO, Fe₂O₃ and ZnFe₂O₄”, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, Vol. 148, pp. 177-182, 2002.