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Open Access Article
1 - Evaluation of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer effects on yield, components, and seed protein percentage of durum wheat var. Aria
مجتبي احمدی همزیانTo evaluate the plant density and nitrogen fertilizer effects on yield, components, and percentage protein of Durum wheat var. Aria an experiment was carried out in south west of Khoy during 2007. Plant density in three levels (300, 400, 500 grain in m2) as the first fa MoreTo evaluate the plant density and nitrogen fertilizer effects on yield, components, and percentage protein of Durum wheat var. Aria an experiment was carried out in south west of Khoy during 2007. Plant density in three levels (300, 400, 500 grain in m2) as the first factor and nitrogen fertilizer in five levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg per hectare) as the second factor. Result of variation analysis showed that except of leaf number and harvest index, plant density had meaningful effect on other traits. Comparison of the means showed that most grain yields by 659.2 grm-2 obtained in 500 plants per m2. The various levels of nitrogen fertilizer except of leaf number and harvest index had meaningful effect on other traits. The highest grain yield by 711.8 kgm-2 was obtained in 200 kg nitrogen fertilizer per hectare. The opposite effect of nitrogen density only had meaningful effect on protein percentage trait. The highest nitrogen percent (15/36) was obtained in 200 kg nitrogen per hectare by 300 plants per square meter density. There was a strongly correlation between grain yield by biological yield R2≤ 0.947 and between yield component. The rachis numbers by R2≤ 0.947 had most positive correlation by grain yield. By noticing results of this experiment, it is recognized that durum wheat var. Aria by 500 grain per m2 density and 200 kg nitrogen per hectare is recommendable for planting in the zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Physicochemical, sensory and rheological properties of beverages prepared from soy protein isolate and Persian gum enriched with jujube extract
Zahra Farahani -
Open Access Article
3 - The Effect of Bunium persicum on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Inflammatory Mediators in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients
Behnood Abbasi Mahdis Daniali Hedieh Ramezani Masumeh Derakhshande Reza Ghiasvand -
Open Access Article
4 - Thermal stability of P-lactoglobulin Bin the presence of ‘ucrnse, sorbitol and trehalose as osmolJtes
Zohreh Saadati Karim Zare Abdol-Khalegh Bordbar Hossein Aghaie -
Open Access Article
5 - NMR and Solvent Effect Study on the Active Site of Oxidized Azurin
K. Shahanipour T. Nejad Salari F. Mollaamin M. Monajjemi -
Open Access Article
6 - Gyration Radius and Energy Study at Different Temperatures for Acetylcholine Receptor Protein in Gas Phase by Monte Carlo, Molecular and Langevin Dynamics Simulations
M. Monajjemi A. R. Oliaey -
Open Access Article
7 - Energy study at different solvents for potassium Channel Protein by Monte Carlo, Molecular and Langevin Dynamics Simulations
F. Mollaamin T. Nejadsattari I. Layali -
Open Access Article
8 - Thermal stability of a-Lactalbumin in the presence of various sugars as osmolytes
Zohreh Saadati Lida Asadi Samaneh Larki -
Open Access Article
9 - Comparative analysis of chemical and thermal denatured 13-lactoglobu1in A in the presence of sugar osmolytes
Zohreh Saadati Mehran Aghaie A. K. Bordbar -
Open Access Article
10 - The effect of polar copolymers in protein absorption on contact lenses on 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA)
Mohammad Yari S.S Sharehjini Omid Moradi -
Open Access Article
11 - Physicochemical Characteristics and Biomedical Applications of Hydrogels: A Review
R. Sariri -
Open Access Article
12 - Introducing critical residues in the human prion protein and its Asp 178 Asn mutant by molecular dynamics simulation
S. Mansouri -
Open Access Article
13 - The study of Lysozyme adsorption onto 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylates and Silicon Hydrogel Contact Lenses
Omid Moradi -
Open Access Article
14 - Effect of Dِifferent Hydrolyzed Protein Levels on Protease Enzymes in Rainbow Trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Alevin
علی طاهری عبدالمحمد عابدیان کناری رویین حلاج مهران حبیبی رضایی علی معتمدزادگان امین اوجی فردThis study was carried out to evaluate the effect of protein hydrolysates on proteolytic enzymesof rainbow trout alevins, Onchorhynchus mykiss. Six diets based on different levels of sardine(Sardinella gibossa) protein hydrolysate (SPH) and poultry by-products protein h MoreThis study was carried out to evaluate the effect of protein hydrolysates on proteolytic enzymesof rainbow trout alevins, Onchorhynchus mykiss. Six diets based on different levels of sardine(Sardinella gibossa) protein hydrolysate (SPH) and poultry by-products protein hydrolysate(PPH) (10% , 25% and 50%) were tested. 824±12 Alevins in 40 liter tanks, fed with these dietsfor 30 days after start the feeding. Pepsin, Trypcin, N-Aminopeptidase, Leucin-alanin peptidase,and Alkaline Phosphates measured based on spectrophotometric methods. Brush bordermembrane enzymes showed the quickly intestine entrocyte maturation in SPH25%, SPH10%and PPH10% (p<0.05).Results showed that protein hydrolysate has optimum level for quickintestine entrocytes maturation and further use of protein hydrolysate in the rainbow troutalevins diet has negative effect on this factor. In this regards optimum level substitution of fishmeal is 25% SPH and 10% PPH. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Diagnosis and detection of Mycoplasma Synoviae from commercial poultry flocks using polymeras chain reaction (PCR) based on amplification of VlhA gene
معصومه مقامی سیدعلی پوربخش علیرضا همایونی مهر حمیدرضا مهاجرانی عباس اشتری محمدعلی بیات زادهMycoplasma Synoviae is a major avian pathogen and cases many economic losses on poultryindustry in Iran, Mycoplasma Synoviae synthesizes Variable lipoprotein heamagglutinin(VlhA),is believed to play a major in pathogenesis of the disease. The objective of the present st MoreMycoplasma Synoviae is a major avian pathogen and cases many economic losses on poultryindustry in Iran, Mycoplasma Synoviae synthesizes Variable lipoprotein heamagglutinin(VlhA),is believed to play a major in pathogenesis of the disease. The objective of the present study wasto diagnosis and detection of Mycoplasma Synoviae isolates based on the vlhA gene.This studywas designed to detect MS through culture isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assayto demonstrated the involvement of MS infection in trachea and the lung/air sac samples takenfrom commercial poultry flocks of provinces: Tehran, Qazvin and Markazi with clinical signsof the disease. Moreover the specific primers to the Mycoplasma genuse from the primescomplementary to the single-copy conserved 5´ end of vlhA gene were used for detection of MSby vlhA-PCR. PCR results, in addition to identification of Mycoplasma specie, revealedvariable sizes of 350-400bp for each isolates. Of the 43 swabs 28(65%) yielded one of thepotentially pathogenic Mycoplasmas evaluated for using PPLO agar culture diagnostic method,and 33(76%) yielded one of the potentially pathogenic Mycoplasmas evaluated for Mycoplasmagenuse PCR as diagnostic metod and 24(55%) swabs yielded Mycoplasma Synoviae for usingvlhA PCR as diagnostic metod. The results of this study demonstrated that PCR based onamplification of conserved 5́ end of vlhA gene is an efficient tool for detection of MycoplasmaSynoviae isolates, as well as due to contain of RI, RII and RIII regions its can with top sensitiveand operative, be used for to diagnosis and detection of Mycoplasma Synoviae isolates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Evaluation of the effect of different doses of folic acid supplementation on serum lipid profiles in experimental obstructive cholestasis in rat
Mohammadian, Z. *, Eidi, A. , Mortazavi, P. , Tavangar, SM. , Asghari, A. .Hypercholesterolemia was the result of the cholestasis and failure of cholesterol and bile saltsclearance through the bile duct.The main proposal of this study is to investigate the effect offolic acid supplementation on serum lipids composition in a rat model of choles MoreHypercholesterolemia was the result of the cholestasis and failure of cholesterol and bile saltsclearance through the bile duct.The main proposal of this study is to investigate the effect offolic acid supplementation on serum lipids composition in a rat model of cholestasis. 81 maleWistar rats were randomly divided into nine experimental groups with 9 rats in eachgroup.Group 1, normal control rats ,Group 2, sham-operated rats (The rats in this groupunderwent the same procedure except that the bile duct ligation) ,Group 3, cholestatic rats,Groups 4-6, folic acid control rats;Groups 7-9, cholestatic rats treated with folic acid; Folic acidtreated groups were given folic acid (1,5,10 mg/kg) respectively , once a day by gavage for 28days. Cholestasis was produced by Bile Duct Ligation (BDL). Serum samples were analyzedbiochemically and lipids profile were measured according to standard protocols. cholestatic ratsgroup showed higher concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) , triglyceride (TG) and low densitylipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) in serum. Administration of folic acid supplementation ,significantly decreased the serum levels of TC , TG, and LDL and increased the serum level ofhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Cholestasis induced hypercholesterolemia and Folicacid supplementation showed hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects in cholestatic rats.These effects on the lipid profile varied with the different concentrations of folic acid. Ourresult suggested that Folic acid can be used an antilipidemic agent in pation with cholestasis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Evaluation of serum levels of sialic acid, total protein and albumin in the horses with strangles
Hassanpour, A. .The study was conducted on 29 horses with strangles and 27 normal horses (negative culture) to evaluate serum levels of sialic acid, total protein and albumin in the Tabriz area. Patients were confirmed based on clinical and laboratory signs. Blood samples were tacked f MoreThe study was conducted on 29 horses with strangles and 27 normal horses (negative culture) to evaluate serum levels of sialic acid, total protein and albumin in the Tabriz area. Patients were confirmed based on clinical and laboratory signs. Blood samples were tacked from jugular vein and were separated serum for measuring of total protein, albumin and sialic acid (total sialic acid, lipid bound sialic acid and protein bound sialic acid) levels in the serum. Mean levels of total protein in horses with strangles was higher than control group significantly (P= 0.000). But the mean serum albumin level in the patient group was higher than the control group of horses no significantly (p= 0.208). In the patient group increasing of total sialic acid, lipid bound sialic acid and protein bound sialic acid were significant (P= 0.000, P= 0.000 and P= 0.001 respectively). The correlation between serum parameters in the patient group was found that only the relationship between serum total protein with lipid bound sialic acid is significant (r = 0.521 and P= 0.004) and between the another serum parameters is not significant. In conclusion, strangles causes an increase in serum levels of sialic acid. Therefore, this issue must be considered in the treatment of these patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Effects of different levels of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) essential oil on hepatorenal histopathology and biofunction, protein profile and immunity in broiler chickens
, S. Amini , F. Mohammadi . HR. ShahbaziThe current study was conducted to investigate the effects of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) essential oil on hepatiorenal histopathology and biofunction, protein profile and immunity in broiler chickens. A 42-day fully randomized trial was conducted using 180 male broi MoreThe current study was conducted to investigate the effects of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) essential oil on hepatiorenal histopathology and biofunction, protein profile and immunity in broiler chickens. A 42-day fully randomized trial was conducted using 180 male broilers (Ross 308) divided into 4 main groups (15 birds in each) with three replicates, supplemented with the different levels of herbal essential oil as follow: I) Control (basal diet only); II) basal diet + 250 ppm oil; III) basal diet + 350 ppm oil; Ⅳ) basal diet + 450 ppm oil. The following indices were evaluated: relative weights of liver and kidney, renal injury biomarkers including urea and creatinine, hepatic biomarkers including the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), protein profile including total protein, albumin and globulin and finally immunoglobulins A, G and M. Furthermore, histologic sections of liver and kidney were studied using a semi quantitative method. The obtained results indicated that clove could increase the levels of proteins and immunoglobulins dose dependently. However, the highest dose (450 ppm) could significantly alter hepatic and renal histopathology and biomarkers. Moreover, pathologic damages were more severe in liver compared to kidney. In conclusion, clove essential oil exerts beneficial effects on protein profile and immunity in broilers, however, it may damage liver and kidney in higher doses. Therefore, optimal and safe doses of the plant should be used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Effect of Feeding Different Levels of Protein on Growth of hemolymph protein of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
L. Eskandari GH. Ghalamkari , A. Gheysari,The present study was conducted to evaluate hemolymph protein changes in the effect of feeding different levels of the protein of honey bee(Apismellifera L.). The experiments carried out with five treatments, including different levels of protein (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 MoreThe present study was conducted to evaluate hemolymph protein changes in the effect of feeding different levels of the protein of honey bee(Apismellifera L.). The experiments carried out with five treatments, including different levels of protein (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 percent) and 4 replications in a completely randomized design with four replicates in the incubator condition. poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)methode was used for the separation of proteins extracted from Hemolymph. Antibacterial peptides expression of defencin and abasin in hemolymph at the age of 12 days between treatments was statistically significant and 10% protein treatment expression showed the highest and control group the lowest value in defencin peptide (2293 units against 1412 units respectively) and about abasin peptide,treatment of 5 % protein showed the greatest amount and control and 2.5% protein treatment showed the lowest value of expression (1970 units against 1257 and zero respectively) (p<0.0001). Totally, the results showed that the profile of protein of hemolymphand of honey bee with feeding different levels of protein changed and improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effects of deficit irrigation on growth trend, quantity and quality characteristics of maize in Kermanshah
abdoreza ahmadpour Bahman Farhadi Bansouleh Mokhtar GhobadiThis study was conducted to investigate impacts of deficit irrigation on trend of crop growth, quantity and quality characteristics and water use efficiency of maize in Kermanshah. The field study was carried out at a randomized complete block design with four irrigatio MoreThis study was conducted to investigate impacts of deficit irrigation on trend of crop growth, quantity and quality characteristics and water use efficiency of maize in Kermanshah. The field study was carried out at a randomized complete block design with four irrigation treatments (40% deficit irrigation, 20% deficit irrigation, full irrigation (FAO Penman-Monteith method) and 20% over irrigation) and three replications with furrow irrigation method. Results indicated that impacts of deficit irrigation was significant on grain yield, biomass, weight of stems, weight of ears, weight of leaves, leaf area index, plant height, number of kernels per row, number of kernels per ear, grain protein and fat. The impacts of water stress on characteristics of maize were different in different stages of growth and were higher at the end of the growing season (grain filling stage). Maximum amount of water use efficiency in grain and fat was in T4 respectively 1.051 and 0.0549 Kg/ha and for biomass and protein was in T3 respectively 2.568 and 0.092 Kg/ha. So deficit irrigation is not recommended for maize in Kermanshah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Investigating the Effects of Salinity Stress Caused By Different Levels of Sodium Chloride (Nacl) and Potassium Chloride (Kcl) On the Growth and Quality of Sport Turfgrass
Elham Danaee Amir DoostmohamadiBackground and Aim: Grass is one of the most important cover plants in most green spaces, and considering that Iran is considered one of the dry and semi-arid regions of the world, water and soil salinity affects the growth of plants, as a result, using salt-resistant g MoreBackground and Aim: Grass is one of the most important cover plants in most green spaces, and considering that Iran is considered one of the dry and semi-arid regions of the world, water and soil salinity affects the growth of plants, as a result, using salt-resistant grass is one of the solutions to create green space in these areas. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the salinity tolerance of sport turfgrass caused by sodium chloride and potassium chloride salts. Method: In April, sports grass seeds were planted in an area located in Karaj province in the form of a r randomized complete block design with three replications in plots of 2 m2 (1 x 2 m2) and were cultivated with a density of 40 g m-2. The experimental treatments included sodium chloride and potassium chloride salts with concentrations of zero, 25, 50 and 75 mg l-1. After about 5 weeks of planting the seeds, salt stress was applied for one month through irrigation with salts twice a week and each time with 12 liter of salt solution and then sampling was done to evaluate fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, total chlorophyll, proline, protein and activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes. Results: Data analysis showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the assessed traits. The highest fresh and dry weight of shoots (3.85-4.87 g) and roots (1.46-23.2 g) and total chlorophyll (16.96 mg g-1) were observed in the control, while the highest protein (3.73 μg mg-1) and activity of superoxide dismutase (4.62 enzyme units g-1) and peroxidase (4.12 enzyme units g-1) in 75 mg l-1 sodium chloride treatment and the highest proline content (12/ 8 mg g-1) was observed in 75 mg l-1 potassium chloride treatment, also the lowest fresh and dry weight of aerial parts (2.12-3.08 g) and total chlorophyll (12.53 mg g-1) in 75 mg l-1 potassium chloride treatment and the lowest fresh and dry weight of roots (0.59-0.96 g) were obtained in 75 mg l-1 sodium chloride treatment, and the lowest content of proline (4.48 mg g-1), protein (2.48 μg mg-1) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (3.00 enzyme units g-1) and peroxidase (2.93 enzyme units g-1) were in the control. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, sport turfgrass was able to tolerate stress conditions in 25 and 50 mg l-1 salt stress to some extent by increasing compounds such as proline, protein and antioxidant enzyme activity, but increasing the concentration of salts used, especially potassium chloride salt (75 mg l-1) had the greatest effect in reducing the vegetative traits and increasing the enzyme activity of sport turfgrass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Effect of Millard reaction on antioxidant and emulsifying properties of lentil protein hydrolysate(Lens culinaris)
S. Faraji M. Mirzae S. Mirdamadi Introduction: Protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides that have health benefits for consumers and protein glycolysis is a well-known strategy for increasing the health benefits and functional qualities of proteins. The subjects of this study were the effects o More Introduction: Protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides that have health benefits for consumers and protein glycolysis is a well-known strategy for increasing the health benefits and functional qualities of proteins. The subjects of this study were the effects of temperature, pH, and sugar type on the progress of the Mailard reaction in lentil protein hydrolysate, as well as its antioxidant and emulsification capabilities.Materials and Methods: The protein isolated from lentil seeds was hydrolyzed enzymatically by alkalase and mixed with glucose and lactose. Millard reaction occured at temperatures of 60 and 80 ° C and pHs of 6.5 and 11. The reaction progress was tracked over time by measuring the color intensity at 420 nm and the values of free amine groups using OPA method. The ABTS radical scavenging activity and emulsification capabilities of the final products product were analysed.Results: The results revealed that the reaction of lentil protein hydrolysate with glucose at 60 ° C and pH of 6.5 produced the most deep brown color. The findings of measuring the number of free amine groups also confirmed the results. Lactose sugar products with a lesser browning degree have the greatest effect on increasing antioxidant activity. Overall, the antioxidant activity of lentil protein hydrolyate increased from 24.18 to 60.97%, and its emulsifying function was enhanced.Conclusion: Overall, the results demonstrated that the Millard interaction between lentil protein hydrolysate proteins and peptides increases its health and functional qualities, and the product has the potential to be exploited in the formulation of functional foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Effect of Partial Replacement of Egg with Whey Protein Concentrate and Modified starch on the Qualitative and sensory Properties of Shortened Cake
Marjan Rasouli Babak Ghiassi Tarzi null null null nullIntroduction: Cakes are baked products highly appreciated by the consumers worldwide. Regardless of the number of functions performed by egg proteins in improving cakes, the current trend is to reduce the egg content or to replace eggs in order to diminish the total pro MoreIntroduction: Cakes are baked products highly appreciated by the consumers worldwide. Regardless of the number of functions performed by egg proteins in improving cakes, the current trend is to reduce the egg content or to replace eggs in order to diminish the total production cost and also satisfy consumers with specific dietary restrictions or needs.Materials and Methods: In this study, physicochemical and organoleptical properties of shortened cake prepared by substitution of egg with different levels of whey protein concentrate and modified starch in the formulation were evaluated. WPC at levels of 25%,50%,100% and modified starch at levels of 25%,50%,100%, were considered as variable treatments.Results: The results of these experiments showed that Batter Viscosity, Batter Specific volume, Cake hardness, Cake moisture, Cake volume and Cake height, have a meaningful difference as compared to the control sample in all the cases examined (P<0.05). Also pH values of the cake don’t have a meaningful difference as compared to the control sample in all the cases examined (P>0.05). All of sensory properties have a meaningful difference as compared to the control sample in all the cases examined (P<0.05).Conclusion: It was concluded that WPC alone was an appropriate substitution for egg. Although modified starch alone was not an appropriate substitution for egg, the application of modified starch at levels of 25 and 50% along with WPC could be an appropriate substitution for egg while maintaining sensory properties and improving the physicochemical properties of eggless cake.Keywords: cake, modified starch, whey protein concentrate Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The effect of hydrolyzed germinated mung bean (vigna radiata) on stirred yogurt
S.O. Mazlomi Sh. Haghighat Khajavi R. Safari Introduction: The addition of hydrolyzed germinated mung bean besides affecting the texture of dairy products such as stirred yoghurt and increasing nutritional value because of bioactive components, can be an acceptable substitute for milk proteins and leads to i More Introduction: The addition of hydrolyzed germinated mung bean besides affecting the texture of dairy products such as stirred yoghurt and increasing nutritional value because of bioactive components, can be an acceptable substitute for milk proteins and leads to increase the product output. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of hydrolyzed proteins of germinated mung bean on chemical and physical specifications of stirred yoghurt.Materials and Methods: In this study, hydrolyzed proteins of germinated mung bean (with the portion of 1,2 and 3 percent without MPC) and also 1and1.5 percent of milk protein concentration (MPC) were added. The effects on chemical and physical specifications (pH, acidity, water holding capacity, syneresis, dry matter, minerals, antioxidants activity, viscosity and texture) and sensory evaluation (color, flavor, aroma and total acceptance) were investigated. Samples were evaluated during days of storage (0, 7, 14 and 21 days) at 4℃. Statistical analysis was performed with spss software.Results: The addition of different concentrations of hydrolyzed proteins of germinated mung bean has been prevented pH changes and acidity and decreased syneresis in stirred yoghurt.Conclusion: The results revealed that using hydrolyzed proteins of germinated mung bean can be acceptable substitute for part of milk protein concentration (MPC) in stirred yoghurt. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Formulation and Evaluation of Rheological Properties of Polymeric Enteral Formula Containing Sodium Caseinate
Hilda Moghaddamkia Afshin Javadi Ali Tarighat Sfanjanic Akram Pezeshki NajafabadidIntroduction: Enteral nutrition depending on the formula used, results in several complications such as catheter obstruction, diarrhea and gastroesophageal reflux. The aims of this study were the formulation of suitable and appropriate enteral formulation followed by it MoreIntroduction: Enteral nutrition depending on the formula used, results in several complications such as catheter obstruction, diarrhea and gastroesophageal reflux. The aims of this study were the formulation of suitable and appropriate enteral formulation followed by its evaluation and the comparison of the rheological properties with the available commercial formula. Materials and Methods: In this applicable study from natural and available food items with caloric density of 1 kcal/mL enteral formulation containing recommended amount of macro/micronutrients has been developed. The rheological properties of prepared and commercial formulas were measured in triplicate order by using Physica Anton Paar rheometer model MCR 301. Data obtained from the rheological tests were processed using MATLAB software to determine the appropriate mathematical models. Statistical analyses, One-way ANOVA and Duncan tests (p<0.05) were performed with SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the viscosity of formulation using sodium caseinate and chiken puree was prepared and by increasing the shear rates, the viscosity was reduced, while in the case of commercial formula the viscosity was not depended on the shear rate and shear speed. There were not statistically significant differences between the viscosities of the two types of formulas. R square of Hershel bulkely model for both formulas were over 98% and hershel bulkely model was the best model to describe the flow characteristics of formulas. Viscoelastic modulus values (G' and G˝) of developed formulas were higher than the commercial sample. Conclusion: By changing the type of protein formula using a mixture of sodium caseinate and chiken puree, the rheological properties of polymeric entreal formula as compared to the existing formulas in the market containing mixtures of sodium caseinate and soy protein isolate has been changed and due to the high nutritional value and appropraite rheological properties it might be suggested to be used as nutritional support for patients who need tube feeding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Effects of Continuous Waves (CW) Lasers Within Visible Range on the Physicochemical Properties of Egg Albumen
razagh Mahmudi Mohammad Saeid Hosseinzade ebrahim safari Mirhassan Musavi Peyman Zare Amir Fakhri Yashar FarshiIntroduction: Due to the consumers demand for high quality food, new safe and effective methods of food processing and preservation have been developed. The application of optical radiation in the food industry for preservation has been known as a new technology. This m MoreIntroduction: Due to the consumers demand for high quality food, new safe and effective methods of food processing and preservation have been developed. The application of optical radiation in the food industry for preservation has been known as a new technology. This method is quite effective to inactivate a large number of microorganism’s particularly pathogenic microorganisms that often cause infection and food poisoning. However, when this kind of treatment is applied some changes might occur. Therefore the aim of this project is to understand the effect of such treatment on the physicochemical properties of eggalbumen. Materials and Methods: The effects of visible Continuous Waves (CW) lasers on structural changes (using SDS-PAGE) and physicochemical properties (organoleptic and pH) of egg Albumen were studied.Results: The results of this investigation indicated that visible laser radiation even at the maximum power and highest time period (180 minute) did not affected the structural and organoleptic characteristic of egg white proteins. Evaluation of the pH values showed that there were not significant differences between the control and the treated samples.Conclusion: It can be concluded that visible continuous lasers radiation might be employed as a new safe sanitation method in egg industry, however further research is required to understand more about its precise and potent application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The Effect of Heat and Freeze-thaw Pretreatment on the Alcalase Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lentil Protein and Production of Antioxidant Peptides
P. Ghasemi M. Mirzaei S. MirdamadiIntroduction: The biological activity of protein hydrolysis products is affected by the enzyme type, protein type and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions including temperature, time and enzyme/substrate ratio and pre-treatment process.The protein pretreatment process can ca MoreIntroduction: The biological activity of protein hydrolysis products is affected by the enzyme type, protein type and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions including temperature, time and enzyme/substrate ratio and pre-treatment process.The protein pretreatment process can cause improving the enzymatic hydrolysis and production of antioxidant peptides by affecting the spatial structure of the protein and increasing the enzyme access to the peptide bounds. Materials and Methods: In this study, The protein extracted from lentils was first subjected to heat pretreatment (65,75, 85°C, for 15 min) and freeze-thaw (3 freezing cycles at -20 °C and thawing at room temperature). It was then exposed to hydrolysis for 3 hr by alcalase (with an E/S of 90 AU / kg protein, 55°C). Over time, the progress of enzymatic hydrolysis and antioxidant activity were investigated by O-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) assay and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging methods and compared with the control sample (without pretreatment). Results: Pre-treatment at 75°C causes the highest value of free amino groups .The maximum DPPH (63.57%) and ABTS (36.24%) radical scavenging activity were observed respectively, for samples pre-treated at 65°C and by freeze-thaw process. Conclusion: Heat pretreatment and freezing-thawing before enzymatic hydrolysis have a positive effect on the development of enzymatic hydrolysis and production of antioxidant peptides. Based on the results of this study, the process of heat treatment of lentil protein at 65°C or freezing-thawing and enzymatic hydrolysis by enzyme alcalase was identified as an effective method in the production of lentil protein hydrolysis for use in the formulation of functional foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Influence of Transglutaminase Treatment on Proteolysis and Lipolysis of Low-Fat White-Brined Cheese Incorporated with Whey Proteins during Ripening
H. Jooyandeh E. Danesh M. GoudarziIntroduction: Fat reduction adversely affects different properties of cheese. Transglutaminase treatment of low-fat milk incorporated with whey proteins makes it possible to develop a low-fat white-brined cheese with rheological properties similar to the full-fat counte MoreIntroduction: Fat reduction adversely affects different properties of cheese. Transglutaminase treatment of low-fat milk incorporated with whey proteins makes it possible to develop a low-fat white-brined cheese with rheological properties similar to the full-fat counterpart. The objective of this study was to monitor the changes in proteolysis and lipolysis indices of transglutaminase–treated low-fat white-brined cheese during ripening. Materials and Methods: A control full-fat (3% fat), a control low-fat (1% fat) and an enzyme-treated low-fat (1% fat, 0.9 U transglutaminase/g protein, 5% whey protein isolate/L milk) white-brined cheese were produced and their physicochemical properties, proteolysis and lipolysis indices, FFA profile and organoleptic attributes were studied after 3, 20, 40 and 60 days. Results: The proteolysis and lipolysis indices of all samples showed an increasing trend during ripening (p<0.05). The development of proteolysis and lipolysis in white-brined cheese with reduced fat content was noticeably slower than its full-fat counterpart (p<0.05). Transglutaminase treatment of low-fat milk incorporated with whey proteins retarded the syneresis of resultant cheese and hereby promoted its extent of proteolysis and lipolysis (p<0.05). The decreasing rate of short-chain free fatty acids production was more pronounced than that of medium- and long-chain free fatty acids, due possibly to their contribution to production of flavor compounds. Flavor of enzyme-treated low-fat cheese was considerably improved during ripening (p<0.05) but was less appreciated by consumers than that of control full-fat sample (p<0.05). Conclusion: Transglutaminase treatment of low-fat milk incorporated with whey proteins results in a low-fat white-brined cheese with accelerated proteolysis and lipolysis and thus, more desirable organoleptic properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Optimization of Nitrogen Recovery of Whey Protein Hydrolysates by using Response Surface Methodology
Sh. Piri Gheshlaghi A. R. Sadeghi Mahoonak M. Alami M. GhorbaniIntroduction: Nitrogen recovery is an important factor to evaluate the function of enzymes in protein hydrolysis and the efficiency of the hydrolysis process, which is regarded economically important. The optimization of nitrogen recovery can save time and cost therefor MoreIntroduction: Nitrogen recovery is an important factor to evaluate the function of enzymes in protein hydrolysis and the efficiency of the hydrolysis process, which is regarded economically important. The optimization of nitrogen recovery can save time and cost therefore this research work has aimed on this aspect. Materials and Methods: In the present study, Response Surface Methodology has been employed to optimize the conditions for preparing protein hydrolysate from whey protein using the enzyme alcalase. Temperature of 43-52°C and time of 65-175 minutes and enzyme/substrate ratio of 45-90 (AU/Kg protein) were employed to achieve the maximum nitrogen recovery and experiments were designed according to the central composite design. Results: The results indicated that optimal conditions to achieve the highest nitrogen recovery were at the temperature of 47.1°C and time of 173.2 minutes, with the enzyme/ substrate ratio of 87.98 (AU/Kg protein). Under these conditions, the degree of hydrolysis was 70.66%. The regression coefficient for the presented model (Quadratic type) was, 0.9747. The values obtained indicated the high accuracy of the model to predict the reaction conditions with regard to different variables. Conclusion: The advances in technology have made the application of protein hydrolysate from unavailable various sources useful and available. Therefore whey protein hydrolysates as a rich source of healthy peptides with various functional properties and other desirable characteristics might be employed in food manufacturing and formulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Fatty Acid Profile and Chemical Composition of Lobster (Panulirus homarus) Caught from the Persian Gulf
F. Baghlani M. Raissy L. RoomianiIntroduction: Unsaturated fatty acids such as DHA (Docosa-hexaenoic acid) and EPA (Eicosa-pentaenoic acid,) might be considered important unsaturated fatty acids with several double bonds and have important role in human health. Research shows strong evidence that the o MoreIntroduction: Unsaturated fatty acids such as DHA (Docosa-hexaenoic acid) and EPA (Eicosa-pentaenoic acid,) might be considered important unsaturated fatty acids with several double bonds and have important role in human health. Research shows strong evidence that the omega-3s EPA and DHA can help to lower triglycerides and blood pressure. Panulirus homarus, is the most important lobster in Asian fishery. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 male and female lobsters (Panulirus homarus) were randomly collected from Abadan (Khuzestan Province) in spring 2016. Chemical composition (protein, fat, moisture, ash) and polyunsaturated fatty acids after biometry were determined according to the standard methods of analysis. Results: According to the results, protein and fat contents in lobster meat was 23 and 4%, respectively. Chemical composition of lobsters indicated that protein, fat, moisture and ash contents of male and female lobsters were not significantly different (P> 0.05). Oleic acid was one of the major unsaturated fatty acids and found to be 17.11 and 17.93% in the male and female lobsters, respectively. Palmitic acid was also present in high concentration. The results indicated that palmitic, oleic and docosahexaenoic acids were the predominant fatty acids present. Conclusion: Lobster; Panulirus homarus with more than 23% protein and 4 % fat is a good source of Omega-3, EPA, DHA that has high nutritional value for human consumption. Therefore, its usage is recommended along with other aquatic animals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Optimization of the Production of Protein Hydrolysates from Cotton Seed by Response Surface Methodology
P. Shabani B. Akbari - AderganiIntroduction: Protein hydrolysates are compounds with low molecular weight that after entering the body are easily absorbed and play important biological roles in cellular levels. The most important functions of bioactive compounds are antioxidant, antimicrobial, antica MoreIntroduction: Protein hydrolysates are compounds with low molecular weight that after entering the body are easily absorbed and play important biological roles in cellular levels. The most important functions of bioactive compounds are antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer activities and enhance the immune system. The main objective of this study was to produce cotton seed protein hydrolysate using pepsin enzyme that was optimized by response surface methodology. Materials and Methods: The factors investigated in this study were temperature (30-40◦C), time (2-5h) and enzyme/substrate ratio (0.5-2%) in order to obtain maximum antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activities were investigated using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, total antioxidant capacity, reducing power and chelating activity. All of the experiments were designed according to the central composite design. Results: Each of the studied variables had a significant effect on the responses (p<0/05). The optimal conditions to achieve maximum antioxidant activity were temperature of 31.1◦C, time of 5h and enzyme/substrate ratio of 1.75%, respectively. Under these conditions, (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, chelating activity, total antioxidant capacity and degree of hydrolysis were 83%, 0.158 Å, 70%, 1.99 mmol α- tocopherol/mL and 31.75%, respectively. Conclusion: Cotton seed protein hydrolysates have exhibited good antioxidant activity and might be employed as a natural antioxidant in food products and formulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Physicochemical Properties of Iranian Rice Bran Protein Concentrate
Ali Akbar Keshavarz Hedayati Mehran Alami Ali Motamedzadegan Yahya Maghsoodlou Mohammad Ghorbani ُSoheil AmiriIntroduction: Rice bran is a by-product of rice milling industry, that contains considerable quantities of protein, fat, carbohydrate and minerals. According to the chemical composition, rice bran might show suitable physicochemical properties that might have industrial MoreIntroduction: Rice bran is a by-product of rice milling industry, that contains considerable quantities of protein, fat, carbohydrate and minerals. According to the chemical composition, rice bran might show suitable physicochemical properties that might have industrial applications.Materials and Methods: In this research protein concentrates were prepared from defatted bran obtained from two varieties of rice (Neda and Tarom) and their chemical composition and physicochemical properties namely protein yield and protein extraction yield, water adsorption index and water solubility index, nitrogen solubility index, bulk density and color parameters were evaluated.Results: Protein yield was in the range of 8.52-8.74(%). Rice bran protein concentrate of Tarom had higher bulk density (0.24 g/g) and protein concentrates had significant differences in some color parameters.Conclusion: It was concluded that rice bran has the potential to be used as an ingredient in functional food formulations to enhance the nutritional values and functional properties of the product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Production and Evaluation of Chelating Activity and Reducing Power of Protein Hydrolysates Obtained from Soy Protein Isolate
Maedeh Etemadi Ali Reza Sadeghi Mahonak Mohammad Ghorbani Yahya MaghsoudlouIntroduction: Somesynthetic antioxidants namely BHA and BHT are used as food additives in order to improve the quality and shelf life of food. Although these antioxidants exhibit higher antioxidant activity as compared to the natural antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, MoreIntroduction: Somesynthetic antioxidants namely BHA and BHT are used as food additives in order to improve the quality and shelf life of food. Although these antioxidants exhibit higher antioxidant activity as compared to the natural antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, but in relation to their safety and related aspects to health, there is a cause for concern. Therefore the use of natural antioxidants to replace the synthetic antioxidants is considered as an important aspect and research concerned with this matter has been regarded quite important. Peptides obtained from proteins hydrolysis are examples of natural antioxidants that have been discussed in recent researches. Materials and Methods: In this study protein hydrolysate was produced from soya protein isolate using Alcalase 2.4l and the effect of different hydrolysis conditions such as temperature, time and enzyme/substrate ratio, on degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant activity of the product were investigated in a completely randomized design and then the Fe++ chelating activity and reducing power of protein hydrolysate was evaluated. Results: The highest degree of hydrolysis was observed at 55°C after 210 minutes with the enzyme/substrate ratio of 90 Anson unit/ Kg substrate that was 30.27 %. Under these conditions, the Fe++ chelating activity reached its maximum concentration, whereas the Fe+++ reducing power showed the absorption of 0.15 that indicated lower value as compared to the highest obtained reducing power. Conclusion: The protein hydrolysate obtained from soya can act as a natural antioxidant with a high nutritional value and other biological properties and in appropriate concentrations might act as the synthetic antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Functional Properties of Iranian Legume Flour
Yazdan Khosravi Javad Keramat Ebrahim Hosseini Ali Akbar Keshavarz Hedayati Elham MahmodiIntroduction: Legumes are rich in nutrients and are important source of food proteins. The biological value of legumes proteins is quite high due to having most of the essential amino acids in comparison with other sources.Materials and Methods: In this study we evaluat MoreIntroduction: Legumes are rich in nutrients and are important source of food proteins. The biological value of legumes proteins is quite high due to having most of the essential amino acids in comparison with other sources.Materials and Methods: In this study we evaluated the chemical composition and functional properties (water and oil adsorption capacity, emulsifying and foaming properties) of Iranian legumes flours (red kidney bean, pea, mung, broad bean). Results: The results of proximate analysis indicated that flours obtained from legumes vary in composition. Chickpea flour with 33.4% protein content has the highest concentration of proteins among the flours examined. Water adsorption capacity ranged between 0.78 to 1.38 g/g, while oils adsorption capacity ranged between 0.79 to 0. 92 g/g. Emulsifying capacity of legumes were in the range of 16-26%.Conclusion: It was concluded that red kidney bean has the potential to be used as an ingredient in functional food formulations to enhance the nutritional values and functional properties of the product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Effect of Persian Gum, Whey Protein Concentrate, Temperature and Frying Time on Fried Turkey Meat Characteristics
B. Karimian Sichani M. FazelIntroduction: Coating with proteins and gums is a way to reduce the amount of oil absorbed in fried foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and time of frying and different concentrations of Persian gum and whey protein concentrate on phys MoreIntroduction: Coating with proteins and gums is a way to reduce the amount of oil absorbed in fried foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature and time of frying and different concentrations of Persian gum and whey protein concentrate on physicochemical properties of fried turkey meat.Materials and Methods: Physicochemical properties of turkey meat coated with different concentrations of Persian gum (1 and 2%) and whey protein concentrate (5 and 10%) after frying for 5, 7 and 9 minutes at the temperature of 140 and 160 °C were investigated in 3 replicates according to the national standards.Results: Increasing the frying temperature increased weight loss, fat, firmness, a* index and decreased moisture content and L* and b* indices (p<0.05). By increasing the concentration of Persian gum were increased the weight loss and was decreased the moisture content and firmness of the sample (p<0.05). Increasing the concentration of Persian gum did not have significant effect on the fat content and color parameters of the sample. Increasing whey protein concentrate decreased weight loss and fat in the sample and increased a* and b* indices (p<0.05) but did not have significant effect on moisture content, firmness and L* index.Conclusion: Coating with Persian gums and whey proteins has a significant effect on the physicochemical properties of the fried products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Effect of Transglutaminase and Whey Protein Concentrate on Some Physicochemical, Sensory and Microbial Properties of Probiotic Drink Made from Mixture of Cow Milk and Soy Milk
B. Kouhestani R. Pourahmad B. KhorshidpourIntroduction: Acidified milk drinks have low pH with healthy properties. These properties might be expanded and improved by fortification of these products with soy milk, probiotics and Whey Protein Concentrate. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of tran MoreIntroduction: Acidified milk drinks have low pH with healthy properties. These properties might be expanded and improved by fortification of these products with soy milk, probiotics and Whey Protein Concentrate. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of transglutaminase (TG) and Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC) on physicochemical, sensory and microbial properties of functional drink from mixture of cow's milk and soya milk. Materials and Methods: Cow's milk and soya milk with equal proportion were used for producing probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei. Different concentrations of transglutaminase (150, 200 and 250 ppm) and WPC (0.5, 1 and 1.5 % w/w) were added and the viability of probiotic bacteria and physicochemical and sensory properties of the drink samples were studied during three weeks of cold storage. Results: The results showed that the addition of enzyme and WPC increased the viscosity significantly (p˂0.05). Samples containing 1.5% WPC and 200 ppm enzyme and 1.5% WPC and 250 ppm enzyme had the highest acidity and the lowest pH. The highest number of L. casei belonged to the sample containing 0.5% WPC and 150 ppm enzyme. Moreover, this sample had the highest score of overall acceptability during storage. During the storage time, the viability of L. casei and pH decreased significantly (p˂0.05) whereas acidity and viscosity increased significantly (p˂0.05). The population of probiotic bacteria of the samples during storage was more than 106 CFU/ml. Conclusion: The addition of 0.5% WPC and 150 ppm transglutaminase resulted in production of a functional drink with the highest viability of probiotic bacteria and sensory quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Antioxidative Activity and Functional Properties of Enzymatic Protein Hydrolysate of Spirulina platensis
M. Forutan M. Hasani Sh. Hasani N. Salehi -
Open Access Article
38 - Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for the optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction of Elaeagnus protein: a comparison study
Sepideh Hesamizadeh S. Askari محمدرضا حسین پورElaeagnus contains a large amount of protein which can be used as a functional ingredient. In this study, dried fruit protein was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide method. Extraction was performed at different supercritical temperatures, supercritical pressur MoreElaeagnus contains a large amount of protein which can be used as a functional ingredient. In this study, dried fruit protein was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide method. Extraction was performed at different supercritical temperatures, supercritical pressure, and solvent ratio of carbon dioxide and methanol. According to the ANOVA results, the optimum operating condition for the extraction of protein with supercritical CO2 was as following:150.85 bar, 51.06°C, 59.80 min and methanol aqueous solvent concentration of 717.08 µL, leading to extracting of 47.53 mg protein per 10 g sample. Compared to other extraction methods, the amount of extracted protein was high with this method. In addition, less damage was done to other physical-chemical properties of the protein, including protein structure, amino acid chains, etc. Among the operating conditions, supercritical pressure had the highest effect on proteins. Therefore, the results of this study suggested that the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction can be sued as an effective method for protein extraction from plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Preparation and Investigation of Bioactive Properties of Protein Hydrolysates from Yogurt Whey
N. Karimi R. Pourahmad S. Taheri O. Eyvazzadeh -
Open Access Article
40 - The Effect of Stacking of Narrow-Barred Spanish Mackerel (Scomberoides commersonnianus) on Protein Composition and Amino Acid Profile
Z. هادی زاده N. موراکی S. معینی -
Open Access Article
41 - Composition of Seed Flour of Selected Nigerian Tea (Camellia sinensis) Clones – A Comparative Study
L. E. Yahaya C. O. Jayeola S. O. Ogunwolu A. Olalekan-Adeniran A. F. Okunade -
Open Access Article
42 - Preparation and Characterization of Pullulan-Soy Protein Concentrate Biocomposite Film
F Hedayati Rad F. Khodaiyan S. E. Hossaini A. Sharifan -
Open Access Article
43 - Optimization of Fortified Dough Composition for Spaghetti Production using Strong Wheat Flour
F. Ardestani S. E. Hosseini -
Open Access Article
44 - The Use of Chitosan and Whey Protein Isolate Edible Films Incorporated with Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential Oil as an Active Packaging Ingredient Against Some Common Foodborne Bacteri
S. Shoja Gharehbagh A. Khanjari M. Yeganmohammadi Davaji A. Akhondzadeh Basti -
Open Access Article
45 - Characterization of Milk Proteins in Ultrafiltration Permeate and Their Rejection Coefficients
M. Jahadi M. R. Ehsani S. Paidari -
Open Access Article
46 - Effect of pH on Structural Properties of Heat-Induced Whey Protein Gels
F. Farrokhi M.R. Ehsani F. Badii M. Hashemi -
Open Access Article
47 - Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Goat’s Milk Whey Proteins Obtained by Enzymatic Hydrolysis
M. Esmaeilpour M. R. Ehsani M. Aminlari Sh. Shekarforoush E. Hoseini -
Open Access Article
48 - Optimization of Single Cell Protein Production by Aspergillus niger Using Taguchi Approach
F. Ardestani F. Alishahi -
Open Access Article
49 - An Investigation on the Performance of Nanostructure Poly-Ether-Sulfone Hollow Fiber Membrane in Concentration and Purification of Whey
gholamreza bakeri shabnam lotfiBackground and Objective: Whey is a by-product of dairy industries along cheese production. As a raw material, whey has several applications in food industries and its valuable protein and lactose contents. Membrane technology, more specifically ultrafiltration (UF), is MoreBackground and Objective: Whey is a by-product of dairy industries along cheese production. As a raw material, whey has several applications in food industries and its valuable protein and lactose contents. Membrane technology, more specifically ultrafiltration (UF), is being used in dairy industry to produce whey protein concentrate (WPC) because this technology allows selective separation of whey proteins compared to the rest of its components. In this regard, the objective of this research was to investigate the effects of different operating parameter on whey protein concentration and purification process using ultrafiltration membranes. Method: Three different nanostructure Poly-Eether-Sulfone (PES) hollow fiber membranes were tested and the effects of operating parameters, temperature (43 oC), three different pressures (1 bar, 2 bar, 3 bar) and feed flow rate on the permeate flow rate, protein rejection and lactose permeation were studied. Findings: Results showed that pressure increase enhances the permeation flow rate which is more sensible at lower pressures. Moreover, high pressures have not been considered suitable considering higher fouling and lower flux recovery. Increasing feed flow rate resulted in higher turbulence on the surface of the membrane and reduces the membrane fouling and enhances the permeation flow rate even though these parameters (pressure and feed flow rate) did not have any significant effect on the protein rejection and lactose permeation. At the best operating conditions, maximum protein rejection was %91.01. Discussion and Conclusion: considering the findings, it can be concluded that UF process using PES hollow fiber membrane is capable of performing desired separation and purification of whey. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Proteins in the Qoran & tradition
Abdol Majid Taleb Tash Masoome DavoodiThe great Qoran has greatly attempted about the bodily aspect of human which is the place and host of a holy spirit from the unique creator. So that there are more than 300 verses about food and nutrition, directly or indirectly. Because to be physically and mentally he MoreThe great Qoran has greatly attempted about the bodily aspect of human which is the place and host of a holy spirit from the unique creator. So that there are more than 300 verses about food and nutrition, directly or indirectly. Because to be physically and mentally healthy is undoubtedly essential to achieve human perfection and the kind offood and nutrition has the main role to fulfill this. The prophet ofIslam (p .f. h) considers the stomach as the source of any diseases and blames food and nutrition for any diseases .He considers being thrifty in eating as the best cure. In general there are many verses and traditions about this subject that we can prevent physical. mental and moral diseases by using them .. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Evaluation of Salinity Stress Tolerance in (Matthiola incana L.) under Salicylic acid Treatment
Samaneh Abdolmohammadi Jalal Omidi abdollah hatamzadeh Moazzam hassanpour asilSalinity is one of the environmental stresses that causes severe changes in the growth, physiology and metabolism of plants. It also causes various biochemical changes and physiological responses and affects virtually all plant processes. Considering the increasing tren MoreSalinity is one of the environmental stresses that causes severe changes in the growth, physiology and metabolism of plants. It also causes various biochemical changes and physiological responses and affects virtually all plant processes. Considering the increasing trend of salinity development and the lack of suitable lands for agriculture in the world, the use of saline resistant species or the use of compounds that reduce the effects of salinity stress and induction of resistance to stress in plants is very important. Salicylic acid, as a natural phenol, regulates growth and regulates the physiological and morphological processes of the plant. In order to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of salicylic acid on some physiological and morphological parameters of an experiment, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 2 factors, salinity, including NaCl at 0, 100 and 150 mM and salicylic acid in 2 levels of 0 and 2 mM with 3 replications were conducted in the educational greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Guilan University. At the end of the experiment, different parameters including plant height, dry weight and shoot weight, root dry weight and root, root length, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, protein content and relative leaf water content (LRWC) Made. In salinity stress, all growth parameters of plants, relative leaf water content, protein reduction and malondialdehyde increased. The application of salicylic acid increased all growth parameters, protein content, relative water content of the leaves, and eventually, salicylic acid, with its protective effect, reduced the peroxidation of lipids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The effect of caloric restriction along with functional training and acidic and alkaline diet on body composition, lipid concentration and C-reactive protein in overweight adults
Fahimeh Noori Zohreh Eskandari Mohammad Reza Shiri Shahsavar Elahe YousefiPurpose: Obesity increases inflammatory indices and creates insulin resistance, and proper diet along with regular physical exercises are effective in improving these indices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate 10 weeks of calorie restriction along with MorePurpose: Obesity increases inflammatory indices and creates insulin resistance, and proper diet along with regular physical exercises are effective in improving these indices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate 10 weeks of calorie restriction along with alkaline, acidic diet and functional exercises on lipid profile, body composition and C-reactive protein levels in obese and overweight adults.Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 53 obese and overweight adults (18 men, 35 women) with an average age of 35.4±8.3 years voluntarily participated. Calorie restriction along with alkaline and acidic diet and functional exercises were applied in three experimental groups and one control group for 10 weeks. Body composition (weight, waist-hip ratio, body mass index, muscle and fat mass, visceral fat), lipid indices (fasting cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride) and C-reactive protein levels were measured. Anukova and Bonferroni tests were used to compare groups in the post-test and the significance level was 0.05.Findings: body composition (weight, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass and visceral fat) and cholesterol decreased in the alkaline diet group along with calorie restriction and functional exercises in overweight and obese people (P≥0.05).Conclusion: Calorie restriction and alkaline diet by reducing acid load along with 10 weeks of functional training lead to improvement of body composition and cholesterol in overweight and obese adults. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The Effect of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Mycorrhiza and Chemical Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Soybean (Glycine max L. cultivar Katoul) in Condition of Presence and Absence of Weeds
Bahram Parsa Hamid Abbasdokht Ahmad Gholami Abolfazl FarajiIn order to evaluate the competition of weeds with Soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivar Katoul along with the comparison of the effects of application of biological and chemical fertilizers separately and simultaneously, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete MoreIn order to evaluate the competition of weeds with Soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivar Katoul along with the comparison of the effects of application of biological and chemical fertilizers separately and simultaneously, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in a field in Ali Abad Katoul was carried out during the 2015-2016. Treatments were included weed management at two levels (weedy check and weed free), the use of bio-fertilizer at four levels (non-usage as control group, seed inoculation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria, seed inoculation by Mycorrhizae fungi (Glomus mosseae) and Co-inoculation of Mycorrhizae and Rhizobium), and the use of nitrogen fertilizer (pure nitrogen from urea fertilizer) at three levels (non-usage as control group, 25 and 50 kg/ha). The results showed that among photosynthetic pigments just chlorophyll a were affected by weed treatment and chlorophyll b and carotenoids were not affected, but all of them affected by biological and chemical treatments. Additionally interaction of weeds and biological fertilizers influenced plant phosphorus content and the highest content of phosphorus (0.48%) was related to weed control treatment and co-inoculation of bacteria and fungi and the least amount (0.19%) was related to weed infested and control group of biological fertilizer. Leaf potassium content was affected by triple interaction of weeds, biological fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. The results of the analysis of variance showed that oil and protein content was affected by weed and biological fertilizer treatments and chemical fertilizer treatment only affects protein content of the seed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Studying the Shear and Discharge Rate of Proteins in Microfluidic Junctions, Under Electrokinetic EffectsStudying the Shear and Discharge Rate of Proteins in Microfluidic Junctions, Under Electrokinetic Effects
Babak kamali Doust Azad Sasan Asiaei Borhan Beigzadeh -
Open Access Article
55 - Discerning the regulated wound healing potential of Ocimum americanum by probing the rosmarinic acid content-a paradigm on zebrafish caudal fin regeneration
Arockiya Anita Margret Ramasamy Maheswari Arokiaraj Sherlin Rosita Edward Jesucastin -
Open Access Article
56 - Effects Of Dietary Lysine and Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance and Haemato-Biochemical Status in Beluga, Huso huso, Fed Soy Protein-Based Diet
mahmod mqhseni hamid reza pourali Rezvanollah Kazemi Mir Hamed Seyyed HasaniInroduction and Objective: A feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary supplementation of lysine and methionine on growthperformance and haemato-biochemical status in beluga, Huso husoMaterials and Methods: 240 fish with average weight of 144.6 ± 4.6 MoreInroduction and Objective: A feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary supplementation of lysine and methionine on growthperformance and haemato-biochemical status in beluga, Huso husoMaterials and Methods: 240 fish with average weight of 144.6 ± 4.64 g were fed one of four the experimental soy protein based diets D0 (without lysine or methionine supplementation), D1 (lysine supplementation alone), D2 (methionine supplementation alone) and D3 (both lysine and methionine supplementation) were fed to triplicate groups for 12wk. L-Lysine and DL-methionine were added to the diets containing 344 g kg-1 soybean meals at 12.02 and 12.94 g kg-1 of dry diet respectively.Results: Significant higher weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, condition factor, feed efficiency ratio, haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell and total blood protein were observed in fish fed soya protein-based diet supplemented with both lysine and methionine than that of fish of other dietary groups. There were no significant differences among fish fed diet supplemented with either methionine or lysine. Growth performances, feed utilization and haemato-biochemical status of fish fed control diet was significantly lower than those of fish fed diet supplemented both lysine and methionine and supplemented with either methionine or lysine.Conclusion: The present study showed that soybeen meal could be included in the beluga diet up to 344 g kg1, to replace 40% of fishmeal supplemented both lysine and methionine without any adverce effect on the growth performances and feed utilization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Effects Of 12 Sessions Circuit Resistance Training with Whey Protein on the Apolipoprotein M- HDL Total Cholesterol on Resting Level and Lipid PrOfile In Non-Athletic Men
Hossein Ramazani Abbas Ghanbari Niaky Ali Alizadeh Ahmad Abdi Ebad Rohbakhsh Saied Chnghizy AshtyaniInroduction and Objective:The protein source of high quality protein supplements commonly used in community sport. The aimof this study was to investigate the effect12 sessions of circuit resistance training with whey protein on apolipoprotein M- HDL cholesterol levels MoreInroduction and Objective:The protein source of high quality protein supplements commonly used in community sport. The aimof this study was to investigate the effect12 sessions of circuit resistance training with whey protein on apolipoprotein M- HDL cholesterol levels and lipid profile in non-athletic men. Material and Methods:This type of application and research of quasi-experimental design with a control group and the group receiving whey protein (50 gr) that immediately after each practice was given orally to the subjects, respectively. The training program for 12 sessions follow: three sessions in each week with one hour circuit resistance training in each session. Data analyzed using SPSS-18 and independent and dependent T student tests and the used a significance level of 0.05.Results: Significant decrease of apolipoprotein M- HDL total cholesterol level and HDL3 cholesterol were observed in comparison with prior phase (P=0.01). Significant increase of HDL2 cholesterol was observed circuit resistance training group comparison with prier phase (P=0.03).Conclusion: This study showed that circuit resistance training affecting but positive effects have on the lipid profile changes in untrained young men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Effect Of Exhaustive Exercise and Supplement N-Acetyl Cysteine on TAC, MDA and CRP in Wistar Rats after a Single bout Of Exhaustive Exercise
Ali Aalizadeh Najmeh MobseriInroduction and ObjectivePhysical activity exhausting the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species activated (RNS) is a well has a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species is known. N - Acetylcysteine (NAC) acetylating of the amino-L-cys MoreInroduction and ObjectivePhysical activity exhausting the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species activated (RNS) is a well has a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species is known. N - Acetylcysteine (NAC) acetylating of the amino-L-cysteine, which is converted in the body into metabolites that are capable of stimulating glutathione synthesis may be resulting in the elimination of free radicals. Effective properties of complementary N – acetylcysteine reduces fatigue and effects on sub maximal contractions.Material and Methods: This study used 16 female Wistar rats weighing 150 to 200 g and (8 to 10 weeks old) were divided into 2 groups. First group effervescent tablets were given (600 mg) of N-acetyl cysteine dissolved in water) four hours before the experiment by gavages and group was taken as the control. Blood samples were taken 1 hour before starting the exhaustive exercise - immediately after the exhaustive exercise and after one hour at rest.Results: Significant decrease was observed in the concentration of MDA immediately after the exhaustive exercise in the group consumed NAC and blood concentration of TAC one hour after exhaustive exercise as compared with the control (P≤0.05). Reactive protein concentrations - C (CRP) in the period before, immediately and after exhaustive exercise did not show any significant difference.Conclusion:The results of our study demonstrated that orall administration of N-acetyl cystein at least four hours before an exhaustive exercise can significantly reduce the harmful effects of oxidative stress in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Evaluation Effect Of Methanol Extract Of Brittle Stars Persian Gulf In Vitro
Sajjad Farrokhyar Javad Bahar Ara Faredeh Namvar Morteza Behnam Rasoli Tayebe RamazaniInroduction and Objective:Natural products have fewer side effects than synthetic drugs and their preparation is much easier. Brittle sea stars contain ingredients such as saponins, naphtoquinone. This materials are active in inflammatory conditions. In this study the e MoreInroduction and Objective:Natural products have fewer side effects than synthetic drugs and their preparation is much easier. Brittle sea stars contain ingredients such as saponins, naphtoquinone. This materials are active in inflammatory conditions. In this study the effects of methanol extract of Brittle Stars was evaluated.Material and Methods:The anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Brittle star was assessment by denaturation of albumin, erythrocyte membrane stabilization and inhibition of proteinase activity assays. As standard anti-inflammatory drug aspirin was used. Brittle stars extract in concentrations 100, 200, 300, 400 µg / ml was prepared. Data was obtained analyzed using SPSS statistical T test at in significant level of the PResults: The results exhibited that total methanol extract of Persian Gulf Brittle star has anti-inflammatory effects so that suppressed denaturation of albumin at a concentration of 300ug/ml. also it caused cell membrane stability of red blood cells and avoided the proteinase activity at a concentration of 400ug/ml and concentration of 400 ug/ml, respectivelyConclusion: The results showed that the brittle stars have anti-inflammatory effects , thus this marine natural product can consider as a suitable candidate for more study in common inflammatory diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Comparison the effect of one period of anaerobic and resistance training on some metalloproteins affecting heart fibrosis in elderly mice
Fatemeh Ghalambor Hossein َAbedntanzi mandana gholami Farshad Ghazalian Introduction & Objective: Aging causes structural changes in the heart that are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a period of aerobic and resistance training on some metalloproteins More Introduction & Objective: Aging causes structural changes in the heart that are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a period of aerobic and resistance training on some metalloproteins that affect heart fibrosis in elderly mice.Materials & Methods: For the present experimental study, 27 male Wistar rats with an average age of 24 months were prepared from the center of Pasteur Institute and after weighing were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, resistance training and low intensity aerobic training. Then, the aerobic training group started training for 12 minutes with an intensity of 12 meters per minute in the first week, and at the end of the eighth week, the time reached 52 minutes and the intensity was constant. The resistance training group did 8 repetitions in the first week with 5% of body weight and in the eighth week the intensity reached 40% of body weight. Sampling was performed 48 hours after the last training session.Results: results showed that there was a significant difference between the effect of aerobic and resistance training methods on MMP-2 and the percentage of collagen deposition in the heart tissue of elderly mice. But there is no significant difference between the effect of two training methods on MMP-9.Conclusion: According to the results, the use of aerobic and resistance training on heart fibrosis is recommended in consultation with a physician, which is more recommended on the use of resistance training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Investigating Corona virus nucleocapsid protein (N) mutations in the domain effective in immunogenicity and its effect on serological diagnostic tests in samples isolated from infected patients in Zanjan
Samaneh Karimkhaniloui Saeed Ghorbian Sanaz Mahmazi Changiz Ahmadizadeh Keyvan NedaeeBackground &Aim: Wellness requires the proper functioning of the immune system in all of the body systems. The immune system active by the cooperation of several immune sections. The immune cells and substances can identify and destroy foreign viral and microbial agents MoreBackground &Aim: Wellness requires the proper functioning of the immune system in all of the body systems. The immune system active by the cooperation of several immune sections. The immune cells and substances can identify and destroy foreign viral and microbial agents that worn out cells and cancer cells in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-speed sports activity on the anti-inflammatory factors lysozyme, LL-37 and HDB-2 in the saliva of obese adolescent boys. Materials &Methods: 32 male students voluntarily participated in the present study and were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) obese aerobic exercise, 2) normal weight aerobic exercise, 3) obese control without exercise, and 4) normal weight control without exercise. Anthropometric indices of height, weight and body mass index were measured. Before and after eight weeks of practice, Shatell-Run standard test was performed. Salivary samples of lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactate and C-reactive protein concentrations were taken after eight weeks of training with a frequency of three sessions per week with an intensity of 30 to 90% of maximum aerobic power. Using analysis of covariance, variables with a significance level of less than (p≥0.05) were included in the analysis. Results: The results showed that the salivary levels of lysozyme (p=0.001), LL-37 (p=0.002), and HDB2 (p=0.001) increased significantly, and the amount of increase in obese students was higher than in people with normal weight. Conclusion: The increased response of some salivary anti-inflammatory proteins following eight weeks of high-speed exercise training after increased activity may be due to the short-term responses of the immune system against the pressures caused by intense activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Evaluation of Embryonic Development in Yellow Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus) and Electrophoresis Comparison of Serum and Cytogenetic Proteins of TheseSquirrels with Gray Squirrels (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus) (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Iran
mohammad Moradi GharkhlooInroduction & Objective: Among the squirrel family (Sciuridae), the yellow ground squirrel (Spermophilus fulvus) has the longest summer sleep. Summer sleep of these squirrels begins in late winter and continues until late February. The aim of the present study was E MoreInroduction & Objective: Among the squirrel family (Sciuridae), the yellow ground squirrel (Spermophilus fulvus) has the longest summer sleep. Summer sleep of these squirrels begins in late winter and continues until late February. The aim of the present study was Evaluation of Embryonic Development in Yellow Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus) and Electrophoresis Comparison of Serum and Cytogenetic Proteins of TheseSquirrels with Gray Squirrels (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus) (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Iran. Material and Method: In this project, a large number of babies were collected from several nests in May, and their development was examined in the laboratory.In this way, it was found that these squirrels give birth once a year, with 5-7 babies per calving.48 squirrels (28 males and 20 females) were collected from northeastern Iran (Mashhad and Bojnourd), western Iran (Kurdistan, Hamedan, Qazvin, and Zanjan), and northeastern Iran (Pīr Aḩmad Kandī, Kelisay-e Kandy, and Nadu village) to identify the species of ground squirrel (Spermphilus).The globulin and albumin proteins of all samples were first tested using the SDP-PAGE technique. Results: According to the results, in the sedimentary range of globulin proteins (G = Globulin), the samples collected from northeastern and western Iran formed 5 electrophoretic bands and those collected from northwestern Iran formed 11 electrophoretic bands.Besides, in the sedimentary range of albumin proteins (A = Albumin), the samples collected from northeastern and western Iran formed only one electrophoresis band and those collected from northwestern Iran formed 4 electrophoretic bands.During the karyological studies according to the method proposed by Ford and Hamerton, karyotypes were obtained from bone marrow cells to confirm the results of electrophoresis studies on the distribution of two of these squirrels in the collection areas in Iran.The results indicated that the karyotype of the samples collected from northeastern Iran (Mashhad) and western Iran (Qazvin, Hamedan, Zanjan, and Kurdistan) had 36 diploid chromosomes (2n = 36) and that the karyotype of the samples collected from northwestern Iran (Mako) had 42 diploid chromosomes (2n = 42). Conclusion: According to the results of electrophoresis and karyological methods, among ground squirrels, Sprmophilus fulvus species are distributed in northeastern and western Iran and Spermophilus xanthoprymnus species are distributed in northwestern Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Modified Couple Stress Theory for Vibration of Embedded Bioliquid-Filled Microtubules under Walking a Motor Protein Including Surface Effects
A Ghorbanpour Arani M Abdollahian A.H Ghorbanpour Arani -
Open Access Article
64 - Free Vibration Analysis of Microtubules as Orthotropic Elastic Shells Using Stress and Strain Gradient Elasticity Theory
F Mokhtari Y Tadi Beni -
Open Access Article
65 - Dynamic Behavior of Anisotropic Protein Microtubules Immersed in Cytosol Via Cooper–Naghdi Thick Shell Theory
M.R Ghorbanpour Arani Z Khoddami Maraghi E Haghparast -
Open Access Article
66 - Phylogenetic comparison of Coat Protein nucleotide and amino acid sequence of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus from Khorasan province with other isolates of the world
Zohreh Moradi Behrooz JafarpourCucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) infects many cucurbit species in the world and causing mottle and systemic mosaic symptoms on cucurbitaceous plant leaves. During a survey, Out of 198 samples of cucurbit plants that were collected from the different fields and MoreCucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) infects many cucurbit species in the world and causing mottle and systemic mosaic symptoms on cucurbitaceous plant leaves. During a survey, Out of 198 samples of cucurbit plants that were collected from the different fields and cucumber greenhouses in khorasan province, 39 samples were infected by CGMMV in DAS-ELISA using specific polyclonal antibody (The rate of infection was 19.7%). Using specific primers which were designed based on the CGMMV coat protein (CP) gene sequence; a fragment with 486bp length was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The CP gene was cloned, sequenced and compared with the sequence of homologous gene of other CGMMV isolates recorded in GeneBank. Phylogenetic analysis using 486 nucleotide long sequences of coat protein gene showed that all CGMMV sequences can be placed into two groups: I and II. Members of group I were divided into two subgroups: A, B. Iranian isolate (kalat) was classified in the group IA. The result showed it had high homology with the other isolates (the highest homology could reach 97.9% in nucleic acid level). As well, phylogenetic tree based on CP amino acid sequences was established and the highest amino acid homology was 98.1%. This is the first report of CP sequence of CGMMV Iranian isolate, determination of its phylogenetic relationship and comparison of its nucleotide and amino acid sequences with those of the other isolates of CGMMV obtained from GenBank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The Effects of Resistance Training With the Consumption of Saffron Extract on Spatial Memory and Tau Accumulation in the Hippocampal Tissue of Male Alzheimer's Induced Rats
Fazel Bazyar Alireza Elmieh Tahereh Paravane Aval -
Open Access Article
68 - Effect of a strenuous aerobic exercise on sdLDL concentration in healthy men
Nooshin Khajeian -
Open Access Article
69 - Effect of vitamin E supplementation on delayed onset muscle soreness in young men
Mostafa Kashef -
Open Access Article
70 - Effect of a session training on serum concentration of immunoglobulin A, cortisol and lipoprotein in the morning and the afternoon in elite male Taekwondo
Mohammad Hassan Boostani Mohammad Ali Boostani Fateme Khodaie Khodaie -
Open Access Article
71 - The effect of aerobic training and its combination with acceptance and commitment therapy on insulin sensitivity, C-reactive protein and depressive symptoms in women with type 2 diabetes
Nader Moghaddam Dizaj Herik Naimeh Moheb Abdol Ali Banaeifar Nasser Agha Mohammadzadeh -
Open Access Article
72 - Effect of Protein and Vitamins Supplements on Growth Indices of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae at blastospore proliferation stage
M. latifian B. radThe success of any raw material used in the industrial and mass production of entomopathogenic fungi depends on the extent to which it can provide the optimum food requirement for the fungus. The biological control strategy using entomopathogenic fungi like B. bassiana MoreThe success of any raw material used in the industrial and mass production of entomopathogenic fungi depends on the extent to which it can provide the optimum food requirement for the fungus. The biological control strategy using entomopathogenic fungi like B. bassiana and M. anisopliae can only be useful if practical and economic methods of mass multiplication are available. In this study, the effects of Protein and Vitamins Supplements on chlamydospores production of these two fungi were investigated. The results of this study showed that different treatments of Protein and Vitamins Supplements in complete liquid culture for chlamydespore cycle of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae fungi in terms of production spores, germination percentage, wet weight and dry weight difference Significant at 1% probability level. The highest concentration of chlamydosporum, germination percentage, wet weight and dry weight of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were whey protein supplement and multivitamin at a concentration of 6 ml / liter. Also, the results of this study showed that these two species of pathogenic fungus can be replicated with good performance of sugarcane by products and maintain the germination capacity of chlamydospores. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Comparison on some attractants and pheromone traps for capturing the Cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis ceraci L. (Dip.: Tephritidae)
A. R. Jalalizand H. MoghaddasThe cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi L. (Dip.: Tephritidae) is the most important pest of the cherry and sour cherry orchards with noticeable annual yield damage. This research was conducted in two 4.5 hectare cherry orchards located at two parts of Isfahan province MoreThe cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi L. (Dip.: Tephritidae) is the most important pest of the cherry and sour cherry orchards with noticeable annual yield damage. This research was conducted in two 4.5 hectare cherry orchards located at two parts of Isfahan province (Najafabad and Khomeinishahr), Iran. A comparison was done among different types of the fly attractants presented in different traps to find the most effective one in capturing the adults of cherry fruit fly and the peak of flight activity. The treatments were including the two food based traps containing hydrolyzed protein solution and Ammonium bi-carbonate presented in 1.5 L. plastic bottle and McPhall trap respectively. The Rebell traps with no attractant and two pheromones prepared from Green Universe and Russel companies were provided in delta traps. Results showed that in the first location (Najafabad) the highest number of flies with the mean of 28.75/trap were attracted to Rebell trap and the lowest with the mean of 0.5/trap in Russell pheromone trap. In the second location (Khomeinishahr), the Rebell traps were also the most attractive (mean=15.25/trap) and the hydrolyzed protein solution with no capture was the least effective attractant. It is concluded that the Rebell traps can be recommended as a part of IPM for cherry fruit fly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Nutritional composition,effect of four organic Side-Streams on black soldier fly larvae feeding
maryam zolfaghari emad pourfathollah anis esmailiBlack soldier fly (BSF) larvae, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), can effectively convert the organic wastes into a nutrient-rich biomass and appropriate for animal feed, the composition of larve largely dependent on the composition and structure of the sid MoreBlack soldier fly (BSF) larvae, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), can effectively convert the organic wastes into a nutrient-rich biomass and appropriate for animal feed, the composition of larve largely dependent on the composition and structure of the side stream which are used. The polyphage diet and the quality of the larvae's macronutrients (mainly lipids and proteins) make them suitable candidates for different applications such as organic side-streams management and using as protein sources in animal feed. In the present study, BSF larvae were reared on feed substrates composed of Mix of fruit and date pulp, Mix of fruit and olive pulp, mix of waste fruit and bread and waste fruit which is a readily available and cheap source of agriculture,s by product in Iran. The dry matter, crude fat, crude protein and ash of the BSF larvae fed each feed waste organic were quantified by chemical analyses. Larval weight, survival and feed conversion were also recorded. The results showed that the mixed of date and fruit pulp and the mixed of olive and fruit pulp are suitable diets for BSF rearing. Our findings may provide important supporting information to support the use of BSF larval meal as potential new source of nutrient- rich and supportable animal feed ingredients to substitute expensive and limited protein sources such as fishmeal and soya beanmeal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Evaluation of three types of commercial protein hydrolyzate and different graed area baiting to control Dacus ciliatus (Dip:Tephritidae)
M. R. Sadeghi Ghotb- Abadi H. Pezhman M. FallahezadehIn this study, the efficacy of three types of protein hydrolysate (Esmelfol, Bio-cebo and Agrisence) and three different graed area baiting (50, 75 and 100 percent plot coverage of baiting ) were compared with control (without spraying) and malathion spraying treatments MoreIn this study, the efficacy of three types of protein hydrolysate (Esmelfol, Bio-cebo and Agrisence) and three different graed area baiting (50, 75 and 100 percent plot coverage of baiting ) were compared with control (without spraying) and malathion spraying treatments in Jahrom region (Fars province) (Iran) in 2011. Parameters like infested fruits percent, precent efficacy, and yield (Kg) in experimental plots were componed. The maximum and minimum percentage of infested fruits were observed in control (28.5%) and 100% plot coverage of baithng with Agrisence formulation, respectively. The maximum and minimum of perecent efficacy were observed in 100% plot coverage of baiting with Agrisence formulation (95.13%) and malathion spraying (61.03%) respectively. The maximum and minimum yield in 100% plot coverage of spraying with Agrisence formulation (1600 kg/plot) and control (466.7 kg/plot) respectively. Significance differences were not observed among the various levels of plot coverage of bait spraying with all protein hydrolysate formulations. It has been concluded that Baiting obtained of 50 percent of the cultivated melon fields in spring with any type of mentioned protein hydrolysate formulations (especially Agriscens company product) will be very effective and economic to control melon fly in Jahrom region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Influence of Drying Conditions and Temperature on Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana) Fruit Quality
Behzad Kaviani Davood Hashemabadi Sara Khayyati Babaei Zahra YousefiHazelnut fruit or kernel has nutritional and medicinal value and is consumed raw or roasted. Used hazelnut was Gerd-e-Eshkevarat. To determine the best drying temperature for hazelnuts, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with two factors; dryer air MoreHazelnut fruit or kernel has nutritional and medicinal value and is consumed raw or roasted. Used hazelnut was Gerd-e-Eshkevarat. To determine the best drying temperature for hazelnuts, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with two factors; dryer air temperature in three levels (40, 50 and 60°C) and fruit type in two levels (with and without skin) in three replications was applied. Fruits were dried in a thin layer with a laboratory dryer. To determine the specialized energy required for drying hazelnut in each treatment, electrical work equation in dryer (heater work + fan work) was used. Peroxide and acidity of hazelnut oil were measured by standard institute and Iran industrial research methods. The results showed that the interaction effect of fruit type and temperature was not significant on fruit oil percentage, but other traits were influenced by interaction effect of treatments. The highest percentage of protein (13.62%) was obtained in roasted hazelnuts with 60°C and with skin. The highest and lowest percentage of oil acidity (0.28 and 0.11%) were recorded in roasted hazelnuts with 50°C with and without skin, respectively. Peroxide numeral value (8.25 and 1.30) was obtained in roasted hazelnuts with 40 and 60°C with skin, respectively. Overall, 60°C was the most suitable temperature for drying hazelnut fruit which resulted to enhance most physiologic and taste traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The effect of foliar application of amino acids alanine, proline and glutamine on some morphophysiological and enzymatic properties of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Elham Danaee Mohamad Ali Sharif Zadeh EhteshamiAmino acids are biological stimulants that has an effective role in improving the metabolism, growth and performance of plants. In this research, the effect of amino acids alanine, proline and glutamine on some growth, physiological and enzymatic characteristics of cori MoreAmino acids are biological stimulants that has an effective role in improving the metabolism, growth and performance of plants. In this research, the effect of amino acids alanine, proline and glutamine on some growth, physiological and enzymatic characteristics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) was investigated. this experiment was carried out as a completely random statistical design in three replications in a greenhouse located in Garmsar city. The foliar application of alanine, proline and glutamine with concentrations of zero, 50 and 100 mg l-1 were applied in two stages of 2 to 4 leaves and 4 to 6 leaves. The results showed that the treatments significantly increased the evaluated traits compared to the control, so that the highest percentage of cell membrane stability index and protein amount, the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase enzymes were in 100 mg l-1 proline treatment, the highest amount of fresh and dry weight shoots and roots and the amount of nitrogen were in 100 mg l-1 glutamine treatment, and the highest total chlorophyll content of leaf were in 100 mg l-1 alanine treatment. Therefore, according to the results of this research, foliar application of alanine, proline and glutamine, especially with a concentration of 100 mg l-1, can be recommended to improve the morphophysiological and enzymatic properties of coriander. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Evaluation of physiological and biochemical changes of strawberry cv. Gaviota in response to Mycorrhizal and Trichoderma fungi under selenium treatment
Ali Lachinani Seyed jalal Tabatabaei Amir Bostani Vahid Abdossi Saeed RezaeeThis study evaluated the effects of Mycorrhiza (Rhizophagus irregularis), Trichoderma (Trichoderma harzianum) and selenium on some physiological traits of Gaviota strawberry as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the MoreThis study evaluated the effects of Mycorrhiza (Rhizophagus irregularis), Trichoderma (Trichoderma harzianum) and selenium on some physiological traits of Gaviota strawberry as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the Shahed University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences research greenhouse in 2017. The treatments included fungi (No inoculation, Mycorrhiza, Trichoderma) and selenium (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg soil). The results showed that the use of symbiotic fungi, especially Trichoderma, could significantly increase the pH, total soluble solids (TSS), antioxidant capacity and anthocyanin of the fruit, as well as increase the amount of protein, chlorophyll and carotenoid of Gaviota strawberry leaves. Furthermore, selenium treatment, especially at low concentrations (0.5 and 1 mg/kg soil), could increase the antioxidant and anthocyanin capacity of the fruit, as well as the amount of protein and chlorophyll in the leaves. Overall, it is possible to recommend the using of symbiotic fungi, especially Trichoderma, along with low concentrations of selenium (0.5 and 1 mg/kg soil) in Gaviota strawberry cultivation programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Study the Effect of Seed Size on Vegetative, Agronomic Traits and Seed Protein Content of Different Chickpea Cultivars
Raof Ghaisari Farzad Fayaz Babak PasariIn order to study the effect of seed size on the vegetative, agronomic and seed protein of chickpea cultivars, an experiment was carried out in 2016 in the Baghchele village of the Divandarreh County in the form of a split-plot design in the form of a randomized complet MoreIn order to study the effect of seed size on the vegetative, agronomic and seed protein of chickpea cultivars, an experiment was carried out in 2016 in the Baghchele village of the Divandarreh County in the form of a split-plot design in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. the main factor was seed size (small, medium and large) and the secondary factor chickpea cultivars: Pirouz, Kaka, Hashem, Azad, Arman, Bivanij and ILC482 were considered. The results showed that the traits of days to emergence, days to flowering, seeds per pod, seeds per plant, weight of 100 seeds, yield and seed protein showed a significant difference under the influence of seed size. So that with the increase of the seed size, the values of the above traits increased. Seed yield and in large seeds compared to medium and small seeds, increased 7.74 and 1.9 percent, respectively. Also, all investigated traits showed a significant difference at the 1% under the influence of cultivars. the number of days to the emergence , The number of seeds per pod, the number of seeds per plant, the weight of 100 seeds and the seed yield of Bivanij and in terms of the number of days to flowering, days to maturity and the percentage of protein, Hashem was superior. The results showed that the weight of 100 seeds under the influence of the interaction of the seed size and cultivar showed a significant difference at the level of 1%, and the maximum value was obtained in the large seed and Bivanij. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - The Effect of Plant Density and Weed Control Methods on Vegetative and Reproductive Characteristics and Yield of Kidney Bean
محمد كاظم عليلوAn appropriate plant density and weed control method is highly influential factor in the production of kidney beans with high yield. To examine the effects of plant density and weed control methods on vegetative and reproductive characteristics and yield of kidney beans MoreAn appropriate plant density and weed control method is highly influential factor in the production of kidney beans with high yield. To examine the effects of plant density and weed control methods on vegetative and reproductive characteristics and yield of kidney beans, the Research Center of Agriculture in Khoy –W. Azarbaijan conducted a factorial experiment in the form of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications from 2018 to 2019. In this study plant density at three levels of 20, 25 and 30 plants per square meter, and weed control methods at four levels of non-control, selective herbicide (bentazon ), manual control and application of general herbicide (paraquat) were chosen. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between plant density and weed control methods and lateral branches, number of pods per plant , grain yield, biological yield and protein yield; however there was no meaningful relationship between plant density and weed control methods and other characteristics such as plant height and the percentage of grain protein. The highest grain and biological yield were obtained at a planting density of 30 plants per square meter and manual weeding; afterwards, the manual weeding was followed at 3391 and 15275 kg/ha respectively and the highest percentage of grain protein at a density of 20 plants per square meter together with manual weeding was obtained at the level up to 24.8 %. The results also indicated that the manual control method was relatively effective and proved to be better than all other methods, with the consequence that herbicides by themselves were not effective in controlling weeds of kidney beans. Production of grain yield with a maximum density of 30 plants per square meter indicated that a positive response of kidney beans to the high density of the plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Evaluation Effect of Different Levels of Zinc and Manganese Nano-Chelate on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Poran Alasvand Alireza Shokuhfar -
Open Access Article
82 - Investigates the Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars under Drought Stress and Delayed Planting Date
Peyman Davami Afshin Mozaffari -
Open Access Article
83 - Assessment Effect of Different Amount and Time of Apply Gibberellin Acid on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Broad Bean
Somayeh Ghalandari Tayeb Sakinezhad -
Open Access Article
84 - Assessment Effect of Different Level of Combination Chemical and Biological Fertilizer and Several Type of Application Fertilizer on Morphological and Qualitative Traits of Bread Wheat
Zhaleh Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
85 - Assess Effect of Different Level of Biochar and Humic Acid on Crop Production and Nutrition Content of Maize Affected Water Stress Condition
Armaghan Charkhab Mani Mojaddam Tayeb Sakinejad -
Open Access Article
86 - Evaluation Effect of Livestock Manure and Urea Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Corn and Correlation Between Traits (S.C 704)
Mohammad Momeni Ali Gholami -
Open Access Article
87 - Study the Effects of Salicylic Acid and Glycine Betaine on Qualitative Traits of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under Drought Stress Conditions
Babak Maghsoudi Damavandi Sara Shirzad -
Open Access Article
88 - Effects of Drought Stress and Humic Acid on Plant Growth, Yield Quality and Its Components of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)
Farah Mohammadi Abbas Maleki Amin Fathi -
Open Access Article
89 - Assess Effect of Abscisic/Salicylic Acid Mixing Ratio Application at Different Growth Stages on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) under Ahvaz Climatic Conditions
Sara Najarnasab Tayeb Sakinejad -
Open Access Article
90 - Determination Effect of Mycorrhiza and Vermicompost on Accumulation of Seed Nutrient Elements in Maize ( Zea mays L.) Affected by Chemical Fertilizer
Hadis Karami Abbas Maleki Amin Fathi -
Open Access Article
91 - The Effect of Cytokinin and Iron on Seed Yield and Accumulation some Elements in Seed of Chickpea Genotypes under Dry land Conditions
Kianoush Hamidian -
Open Access Article
92 - Evaluation Impact of Different Irrigation Regime and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Qualitative Characteristics of Wheat
Morteza Mohamadi Kamran Mohsenifar Abdolali Gilani -
Open Access Article
93 - Evaluation Impact of Amount and Distribution of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Barley Crop Production and Qualitative Characteristics
Shokat Shajaripour Mani Mojaddam -
Open Access Article
94 - Assessment Effect of Different Amounts of Iron and Manganese Sulfates on the Qualitative and Quantitative Yield of Wheat in South West of Iran (Ramhormoz Region)
Fariba Kohzadvand Mani Mojadam -
Open Access Article
95 - Assessment Effect of Vermicompost on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Under Different Irrigation Regime
Mostafa Chaharlang Alireza Shokuhfar -
Open Access Article
96 - Response of Qualitative Characteristics of Spring Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Terminal Heat and Determine Correlation Between Traits
Mani Mojadam -
Open Access Article
97 - Evaluation of Combined Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Vermicompost on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Wheat Verities in Amareh Region (Southern Iraq)
Ahmad Mahisan Davood Almaleki Saeed Zakernejad -
Open Access Article
98 - Effect of Different level of Nitrogen and Vermicompost on Quantitative and Quali-tative Traits of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Mustafa Adebifar -
Open Access Article
99 - Role of Copper on Physiological Parameters and Salt Tolerance in Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Cultivars
Mohamad Reza Dadnia Mani Mojaddam Abdullah Ayaran -
Open Access Article
100 - Investigation Role of Vermicompost to Improve Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Corn (Zea mays L.) Production
Mohammad Khayat -
Open Access Article
101 - Integrated Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Vermicompost on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Under Water Stress Situation
Seyedeh Zohreh Hashemi saeid Zakernejad Khoshnaz Payandeh -
Open Access Article
102 - Investigating the Effect of Nitrogen and Nitroxin Biological Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Dual-purpose Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Forage
Najmeh Haghighatzadeh Mani Mojaddam -
Open Access Article
103 - Response of Qualitative Characteristics of Cowpea to Foliar Application of Methanol and Zinc Chelate
Hossien Atrak Mani Mojadam -
Open Access Article
104 - Assess Correlation and Regression between Effective Traits on Corn Seed yield Af-fected Different Level of Irrigation and Micro Nutrient
Khoshnaz Payandeh -
Open Access Article
105 - Investigation Effect of Different Level of Fertilizer and Biologic Fertilizer on Basil Varieties Crop Production at Greenhouse in Khuzestan Province (Southwest of Iran)
Naser Zarifinia -
Open Access Article
106 - Evaluation of Integrated Nutrition on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) Cultivars in Dezful
Naser Zarifi Nia Farideh Alkasir -
Open Access Article
107 - Aminolysis of selected methylpyrimidines in protic solvents
Hossein Eshtiagh-Hosseini Masoud Mirzaei -
Open Access Article
108 - Discussion on the regioselectivity of aminolysis of 5-bromo-2,4- dichloro-6-methylpyrimidine in ethanole
Abdolhassan Doulah Hossein Eshtiagh-Hosseini Masoud Mirzaei Ali Fazlara -
Open Access Article
109 - Consideration of C-H…O interaction in the heterocyclic organic-inorganic hybrid material: tri-prolinium12- phosphomolibdate heteropolyoxometalate
Masoud Mirzaei Ali R Salimi Mohammad H. Alizadeh Hossein Eshtiagh-Hosseini Hossein Razavi -
Open Access Article
110 - Evaluation of the effect of levetiracetam drug on BSA structure
saba Hadidi -
Open Access Article
111 - The effect of four weeks of high-intensity interval training with different volumes on IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP in overweight and obese young girls.
rasoul dokhtabdiyan azizeh ahmadiThe purpose of this study is to compare the effect of four weeks of high-intensity interval training with different volumes on IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP in overweight and obese young girls. 24 girls (BMI>25 kg/m) were randomly placed in three groups: HIIT1 group ( MoreThe purpose of this study is to compare the effect of four weeks of high-intensity interval training with different volumes on IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP in overweight and obese young girls. 24 girls (BMI>25 kg/m) were randomly placed in three groups: HIIT1 group (n=8), HIIT2 group (n=8) and control group (n=8). HIIT1 group performed four sets of 30 seconds of running with an intensity of 19-20 RPE, two minutes of rest between sets in each session. HIIT2 group performed four sets of 60 seconds of running with the same intensity and four minutes of rest between sets. training was performed three sessions a week for four weeks. Blood samples were evaluated to measure serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP 48 hours before and 48 hours after training. To analyze the data . Mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used at a significant level (P<0.05). hs-CRP level significantly increased only in the HIIT2 group (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups (p=0.377). The IL-6 significantly decreased only in the HIIT2 group (p<0.05). A significant difference was observed only between the HIIT2 group and the control group (p=0.031). The mean of TNF-α showed a significant decrease only in the HIIT2 group (p<0.05). a significant difference was observed between the HIIT2 group and the control group (p=0.042). It seems that medium-term HIIT training reduces inflammatory indicators (IL-6, TNF-α) compared to short-term and probably has a role in reducing the incidence of heart and metabolic diseases in these people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Review on Graphene FET and its Application in Biosensing
M. Bashirpour -
Open Access Article
113 - Influence of Solution Temperature and pH on Size and Morphology Improvement of Chitosan Nanoparticles as Protein Delivery Vehicles
N. Kiaie R. Mehdinavaz Aghdam H. Ahmadi Tafti Sh. Hojati Emami J. Izadi Mobarakeh -
Open Access Article
114 - Some of the genetic characterization of native Bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from forest soil samples of Golestan province
marzyeh Shazdehahmadi syed afshin sajadi zain alabedin Shahadati MoghadamNative strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were isolated from forest soils of the different areas of Golestan Province and Cry and Vip genes, responsible of the effective toxin, were monitored. From a total of 42 soil samples examined through selective sodium acetate MoreNative strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were isolated from forest soils of the different areas of Golestan Province and Cry and Vip genes, responsible of the effective toxin, were monitored. From a total of 42 soil samples examined through selective sodium acetate detention, 160 Bt isolates were separated. After planting the colonies, specific staining and microscopic identification were observed in 40% of isolates crystalline proteins that are toxic to many insects. Molecular study showed that in 12 isolates, gene Cry1 existed. Genetic structure tests for presence of 3 gene Cry1A (including Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, Cry1Aa) and genes Cry1I, Cry1F, Cry2, Cry 9, Vip3Aa was carried out using the 8 pair of specific primers. Genes Cry1Ab, Cry2, Cry F were observed in all isolates, but the genes of Cry1Aa, Cry1I, Cry1Ac had very low frequency (Lower than 20%) or not found in any of the isolates. The results of this research could be very useful for tracking native Bt isolates that contain effective crystalline proteins for insects Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Biochemical basis of Benzothiadiazole-mediated defense in quince under orchard condition
Parinaz Etesamzadeh Mansoureh Keshavari Adeleh Sobhanipour Esfandiar ZohourBased on the recent results on the efficacy of Bion elicitor in increasing quince (Cydonia oblanga) resistance to fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora bacterium, the biochemical basis of this induced defense was studied for the first time. The experiment was conducte MoreBased on the recent results on the efficacy of Bion elicitor in increasing quince (Cydonia oblanga) resistance to fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora bacterium, the biochemical basis of this induced defense was studied for the first time. The experiment was conducted on quince cv. Isfahan seedlings grafted on quince rootstocks under orchard condition. In early spring, three-years-old young plants were sprayed twice with Bion (400 mg/l) in 4-days intervals and four days after the last spray, young leaves were collected for enzymes extraction and quantification. Also, phytotoxic effects of Bion were studied throughout the time course of the study in orchard. Based on the results, Bion did not induce any phytotoxicity effects on quince. Bion treatment increased polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities but did not affect on catalase activity. It is concluded that elevation of oxidative enzymes are a part of biochemical mechanism of Bion-mediated defense in quince but catalase enzyme activity, which dismutase reactive oxygen species, does not change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - An overview of single cell protein production from waste products
Nahayeh Najafi Payman RajaeiFood waste is a serious problem with negative environmental and economic consequences. Unused food (whether as waste or by-products referred to as food residue) is a source of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds. which can be used MoreFood waste is a serious problem with negative environmental and economic consequences. Unused food (whether as waste or by-products referred to as food residue) is a source of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds. which can be used to prevent them from being thrown away in an alternative or secondary cycle. Current investigations in the direction of using food residues for single cell protein bioengineering, addressing aspects of production, nutrition and safety, are the main perspectives of SCP production. SCP are obtained from various microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria, yeasts and algae, in pure form or a mixture of these. SCPs generally contain a high percentage of protein and are a source of essential amino acids including methionine, threonine and lysine. Using food residues as a substrate for SCP production reduces production costs. However, the challenges of optimization on an industrial scale remain strong. The use of food waste and agricultural by-products can be a promising alternative for protein production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Comparison of the effect of active and inactive recovery methods after an HIIT activity on the response of CRP, IL6 and cortisol
maryam naseroleslami neda mousaviniri Nahid Aboutaleb Jafar GoudarziPurpose: Stress and immune responses due to the increased intensity and duration of exercise tend to be susceptible to vascular disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the active and inactive recovery after a session of high intensity interval training (HIIT) MorePurpose: Stress and immune responses due to the increased intensity and duration of exercise tend to be susceptible to vascular disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the active and inactive recovery after a session of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the response of C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol and IL-6 (IL6). Methods: The statistical sample of this study was 20 footballers with a mean age of 18.9 ± 0.5 years, weight 1.7 ± 1.7 kg, height 176 cm2.2, body mass index of 22.4 ± 1 kg / m2 and the maximum consumed oxygen was 51.3 ± 2.5 ml / kg body weight, which was randomly selected among the soccer players of Esteghlal'e Novin team in south of Tehran. Subjects were participated in two groups with two tests, active recovery and inactive recovery. Blood samples were collected from both groups before and immediately after recovery then, cortisol, and IL-6 and CRP levels were evaluated using ELISA technique. Results: There was no significant difference between active and inactive recovery after HIIT activity on CRP and IL6 responses. While there was a significant difference between active and inactive recovery after HIIT activity on cortisol response (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that active recovery after HIIT activity could affect cortisol response. Therefore, active recovery would be more effective than passive recovery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Structural and molecular analysis of SARSCoV-2 spike protein following S494P point mutations using bioinformatics and molecular dynamics methods.
Mehr Ali Mahmood Janlou Hasan Saheb jamii elham tazikeh lemeskiThe emergence of some mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) can increase the spread and pathogenicity due to the conformational changes and increase the stability of Spike protein. Due to the formation of different strains of SARS-CoV-2 by mutations, MoreThe emergence of some mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) can increase the spread and pathogenicity due to the conformational changes and increase the stability of Spike protein. Due to the formation of different strains of SARS-CoV-2 by mutations, and their catastrophic effect on public health, the study of the effect of mutations by scientists and researchers around the world is inevitable. According to available evidence, the S494P variant is observed in several SARS-CoV-2 strains from Michigan, USA. To investigate how the S494P natural mutation alters receptor binding affinity in RBD, we performed structural analysis of wild-type and mutant spike proteins using some bioinformatics and computational tools. The results show that S494P mutation increases the spike protein stability. Also, applying docking by HADDOCK displayed higher binding affinity to hACE2 for mutant spike than wild type possibly due to the increased β-strand and Turn secondary structures which increases surface accessibly surface area (SASA) and the chance of interaction. The analysis of S494P as a critical RBD mutation may provide the continuing surveillance of spike mutations to aid in the development of COVID-19 drugs and vaccines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Molecular docking and ADMET prediction of active compounds in Tualang honey against Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) for the treatment of male infertility
Hamed Shahriarpour Mostafa Ghaderi-ZefreheiIntroduction: Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a protein that is synthesized by liver cells and binds to sex hormones to regulate their levels and bioavailability. Its binding to testosterone reduces bioavailable testosterone and causes diseases of the male reprod MoreIntroduction: Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a protein that is synthesized by liver cells and binds to sex hormones to regulate their levels and bioavailability. Its binding to testosterone reduces bioavailable testosterone and causes diseases of the male reproductive tract such as infertility, erectile dysfunction and prostate cancer. Objective: In this in Silico study, the potential of several compounds present in Tulang honey against SHBG protein for the treatment of infertility has been investigated. Materials and methods: The six compounds in Tualang honey, Catechin, Ethyl oleate, Fisetin, Hesperetin, Kaempferol and Luteolin were obtained from previous studies and the PubChem pharmaceutical database. The binding energy and type of protein-ligand interactions were investigated by molecular docking of these compounds to SHBG protein. AutoDock Vina version 1.1.2 software was used to perform molecular docking and Discovery Studio v21.1.0.289 software was used to analyze molecular docking results. Then SwissADME and admetSAR 2.0 web servers were used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds through ADMET predictions. Results: The binding energy obtained from molecular docking showed that Luteolin with a score of -10 kcal/mol binds to SHBG protein, and has more hydrogen-hydrophobic interactions than other studied compounds as well as compounds that have been worked on in recent papers. Catechin and Fisetin also showed an acceptable result. The study of ADMET and bioavailability radar showed that although these compounds have physicochemical properties for use as drugs, they have the potential to inhibit some cytochromes and toxicity for certain organs and DNA or other genetic material in the body that should be considered in the use of these compounds as drugs. Discussion and conclusion: Using this in silico study, several suitable molecules of natural origin against the SHBG protein were identified, which showed potential for the treatment of male infertility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The Effect of Aerobic Step Training on Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Phosphorylated Tau Protein of Elderly Women
fatemeh dehghan haghighi lotfabadi Ali Yaghoubithe present study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 and 12 weeks of aerobic training on plasma BDNF levels of tau phosphorylated protein in elderly women with reduced cognitive function. For this propose 24 old women, 60 to 70 years old randomly selected and divided Morethe present study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 and 12 weeks of aerobic training on plasma BDNF levels of tau phosphorylated protein in elderly women with reduced cognitive function. For this propose 24 old women, 60 to 70 years old randomly selected and divided into experimental (n=12) or control (n=12) groups. The experimental group performed step aerobics training with an intensity of 60 to 70% of heart rate reserve, 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Plasma BDNF and tau phosphorylated protein level was measured with an ELISA kit. There was no significant difference between the levels of tau phosphorylated protein in the experimental and control group in different stages (p <0.05); Also, the results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that despite the decrease in the level of tau phosphorylated protein, but there was no significant difference between the levels of this index in different stages of the study (p = 0.182). The plasma BDNF level of elderly women in the post-test stage (12 weeks) in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.018). Also, plasma BDNF levels after 8 and 12 weeks in the experimental group were significantly higher than the pretest (P values were 0.021 and 0.004, respectively).These results suggest that the possible positive effects of exercise in the elderly with reduced cognitive function are not due to a decrease in the phosphorylated Tau protein and that neurogenic pathways are activated in this way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Effect of Aerobic Training on Serum Levels of Apolipoprotein M, Lipid and Metabolic Profiles in Young Sedentary Obese Women
Masoomeh Azami Najmeh RezaeianPurpose of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of ApoM, lipids profile and insulin resistance index in obese women.Twenty obese womenwere divided into experimental and control groups (10 ones in each) homogenized according MorePurpose of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of ApoM, lipids profile and insulin resistance index in obese women.Twenty obese womenwere divided into experimental and control groups (10 ones in each) homogenized according to the body mass index. Subjects in experimental group participated in twelve weeks of aerobic running training at intensity of 50-75 percentage of reserve heart rate, 30-55 minutes per session and five sessions per week. Blood sampling was performed immediately before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session to assess blood factors. Statistical analysis was done by Covariance, paired t-test and Pearson correlation at significant level of P<0.05.According to covariance, there existed significant differences between two groups of experimental and control for changes in levels of ApoM insulin fasting glucose triglyceride cholesterol HDL and LDL insulin resistance index weight body fat percentage waist and hip circumferences. T-test findings showed 12 weeks of aerobic training resulted in significant decreases in levels of ApoM and HDL accompanied with significant decreases in levels of insulin fasting glucose triglyceride cholesterol and LDL insulin resistance index and anthropometric indices (P<0.05) in experimental group in post-test compared to pre-test. However, there were significant positive correlation between changes in serum levels of Apom following 12 weeks of aerobic training with changes in cholestrol levels.It seems that 12 weeks of aerobic training can improve body composition, lipid profile and insulin resistance, despite the deccreases in serum levels of ApoM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - QSAR, Molecular docking and Molecular dynamics studies simulation of Epigenetic inhibitors
ghasem ghasemi babak motahary Robabe SayadikordAbadi omid alizadehDevelopment of QSAR and molecular docking is a key to the elucidation of pathomechanisms of epigenetic diseases. Quantitative structure- activity relationship (QSAR), Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were carried out for some modulators of modified ch MoreDevelopment of QSAR and molecular docking is a key to the elucidation of pathomechanisms of epigenetic diseases. Quantitative structure- activity relationship (QSAR), Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were carried out for some modulators of modified chromatin proteins as anticancer agents. The Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA), partial least squares (PLS), Principle component regression(PCR), Coralsea,and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) were used to achieve the QSAR models. Suitable descriptors were selected which includes features such as atomic mass, Van der waals volume, shape and geometrical structure of compounds. Then, molecular docking studies were performed using Autodock Vina software which had a high throughput accuracy. Based on features such as number of hydrogen bonds, bonding length, binding affinity, and also root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), the best complex were selected. In general, QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation illustrated that compounds 9 and 14 were selected as suitable agents for the design of anticancer drugs. Drug-likeness descriptors of compounds calculated by DruLiTo. In the molecular docking study, the maximum binding affinity of -9 kcal/mol was obtained between each of enzyme systems (PDB: 3MXF) and the geometric-optimized molecules, representing a strong interaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Protein Secondary Structure Prediction: a Literature Review with Focus on Machine Learning Approaches
Leila Khalatbari Mohammad Reza Kangavari -
Open Access Article
124 - Effects of Glycine Betaine and Salicylic Acid Foliar Application on Yield and Yield Components of two Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars under Rainfed Conditions
Hadi Salek Mearaji Akram HatamiChickpea as one of the most promissing crop under dry farming in Razan, Hamadan where it is often confronted with terminal drought of growing season. Finding strategies to reduce the effects of terminal droughts of chickpea under dryland conditions in this area would be MoreChickpea as one of the most promissing crop under dry farming in Razan, Hamadan where it is often confronted with terminal drought of growing season. Finding strategies to reduce the effects of terminal droughts of chickpea under dryland conditions in this area would be very beneficial. To evaluate the effects of foliar application of glycine betaine (GB) and salicylic acid (SA) on yield and yield components of two chickpea cultivars under rainfed condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Razan town of Hamedan province in 2017- 2018 year. In this experiment, treatments were the use of distilled water as control, three levels of glycine betaine (200, 400 and 600 mM) and three levels of salicylic acid (250, 500 and 750 µM) on two cultivars of chickpea (Hashem and Saral). The results showed that foliar applications of plants with GB and SA resulted in significant effect on all traits under study, except number of seed in pod. The highest of seed yield was observed in Hashem (168.05 g.m2) and Saral (178.55 g.m2) cultivars with foliar application of 600 mM glycine betaine. The treatment of 600 mM of glycine betaine increased seed yield of Hashem and Saral cultivars by 17.6 and 18.5 percents, respectively. There were significant differences between the two cultivars under study. Maximum of number of seed per plant, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index were belonged to Saral cultivar, while plant height, weight of 100 seed and percent of protein seed observed in Hashem cultivur. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the application of glycine betaine on yield and yield components of chickpea under rainfed conditions was more effective than using salicylic acid. It can be said that foliar application of chickpea with GB and SA would improve the performance of chickpea cultivars and rainfed conditions. Futher studies are sudgested to substantiate the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Effects of Plant Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Quantity and Quality of Forage Corn in Daregaz Region (Iran)
N. Saadatzadeh S.M. Nabavi Kalat R. Bahari KashaniIn order to evaluate the effects of plant density and nitrogen on quantity and quality of forage corn an experiment was conducted in Daregaz region in cropping season 2008 – 2009. The experimental design was a split – plot based on randomized complete block MoreIn order to evaluate the effects of plant density and nitrogen on quantity and quality of forage corn an experiment was conducted in Daregaz region in cropping season 2008 – 2009. The experimental design was a split – plot based on randomized complete block with three replications. The main plots were four levels of nitrogen (0 , 75, 150 and 225 kg/ha) and sub plots were three levels of plant density (75000, 100000 and 125000 plant/ha). The results showed that increasing nitrogen levels and plant density, plant height, percentage crude protein and total protein production (ton/ha) were increased. By increasing plant density, stem diameter, leaf and ear weight decreased while they increased with increased nitrogen levels. The highest forage yield obtained at nitrogen level 150 kg/ha (46 ton/ha) and 100000 plant per hectare (40.27 ton/ha). The highest total protein production (7 ton/ha) obtained at nitrogen level of 150 kg/ha and plant density of 125000 plant/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Forage Quantity and Quality of Berseem Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) as Affected by Uses of Pseudomonas putida Strains and Phophorus Fertilizer in the Second Crop
Mohammad Hossein Ansari Mehdi GhadimiEffects of phosphate fertilizer and pseudomonas putida strains on the quantity and quality of forage of berseem clover as a second crop was studied in a factorial field experiment using randomized complete block design with three replications at Fooman, Guilan province, MoreEffects of phosphate fertilizer and pseudomonas putida strains on the quantity and quality of forage of berseem clover as a second crop was studied in a factorial field experiment using randomized complete block design with three replications at Fooman, Guilan province, Iran. Treatments consisted of phosphate fertilizer with three levels (0, 75 and 150 kg/ha as triple super phosphate) and Pseudomonas putida strains with four levels (M21, M5, M168 and control). The results showed that use of phosphate fertilizers increased the soil pH during growing season while bacterial inoculation adjusted soil pH. The bacterial inoculation increased amount of crude protein, digestible protein, acidic and alkaline phosphatase activity compared to non-inoculated treatment, but it decreased crude fiber of the forage. Clover forage yield, protein yield and phosphorus content of foliage also were influenced by the interaction of bacterial strains and phosphate fertilizer. The highest forage and protein yield were obtained by using strain M5+150 kg P ha-1. Significant increases in forage and protein yield were found to be 16.49% and 8.01%, respectively, as compared with non-inoculated treatment. Based on the result of this experiment, application of 150 kg P ha-1 and Pseudomonas putida strain M5 inoculation can be used to obtain highest forage yield and quality of berseem clover as second crop in the experimental site. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics and Seed Yield of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
Hossein Abdolahpour Enayatolah Tohidi Nejad Amin Pasandi PourTo evaluate the effect of different levels of NPK nutrition on some morpho-physiological characteristics and seed yield of quinoa, a randomized complete block design experiment was carried out in Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2019. In this study, response of qu MoreTo evaluate the effect of different levels of NPK nutrition on some morpho-physiological characteristics and seed yield of quinoa, a randomized complete block design experiment was carried out in Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman in 2019. In this study, response of quinoa (Titicaca variety) to seven fertilizer combinations, consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N: K: P, 30:25:20, 60:50:40, 90:75:60, 120:100:80, 150:125:100, 180:150:120 kg.ha-1) were investigated for plant height, number of branch, panicle length, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, content of photosynthetic pigments, leaf area index, crop growth rate, seed protein content and seed nutrients. The results indicated that the effect of NPK nutrition treatments on all measured traits were significant. The highest mean of Chl a, Chl b, Chl a+b, carotenoid, LAI, CGR and seed protein content belonged to combination of 120: 100: 80 which was not significantly different from combination of 90: 75: 60, in terms of Chl a and LAI. In this study, the highest mean of panicle lengths, number of branches, 1000 seed weight and seed yield were recorded for combination of 120: 100: 80 which were not significantly different from combination of 90: 75: 60, in terms of panicle length and seed yield. According to the results, thus, it can be concluded that combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with a ratio of 90: 75: 60 are appropriate to achieve maximum seed yield for research location under Kerman climatic conditions and avoid overuse of chemical fertilizers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Evaluation of the Combined Effect of Biological and Chemical Phosphorous Fertilizers and Micronutrient on Seed and Protein Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Mona Yousefipor Shahram Lack Khoshnaz PayandehNow-a-days, in addition to the quantity of production its quality, stability and sustainability are taken into account. This research was conducted in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Ramhormoz region in 2016-2 MoreNow-a-days, in addition to the quantity of production its quality, stability and sustainability are taken into account. This research was conducted in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Ramhormoz region in 2016-2017. The main treatments consisted of phosphorus fertilizers and bio-fertilizers with four levels (without using phosphorus fertilizer as control, bio-fertilizer, phosphorus bio-fertilizer + 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and 200 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer) and foliar application of micro-nutrients (zinc, iron and manganese) with three levels (without application of micro-nutrients as control, spraying of micro-nutrients with 0.002 and 0.004 concentrations) assigned to sub plots. The analysis of variance of data showed that the combined effect of chemical and biological phosphorus fertilizer and foliar application of micronutrient on seed yield, its components, protein yield and its percentage, plant height and spike length were significant. Mean comparisons indicated that phosphorus bio-fertilizer + 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer produced highest number of spike per m2, seeds per spike, 1000-seed weight, harvest index, protein percentage, protein yield, plant height and spike length. The highest seed yield belonged to phosphorus bio-fertilizer + 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and foliar application of micro-nutrients with 0.004 concentration and the lowest to the control treatment. Generally, to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, cost of production and the prevention of soil contamination use of phosphorus bio-fertilizer +150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and spraying micronutrients with 0.004 concentration can be recommended to the farmers of the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Comparison of Yield and Some Forage Qualitative Characteristics of Corn, Sorghum and Amaranth in Response to Density and Sowing Date in Fars Province
Elham Moshaver Yahya Emam Hamid Madani Ghorban Nour Mohamadi Hossein Heidari SharifabadField studies were conducted at Marvdasht area of Fars province in 2013 to investigate the effects of planting date and density on yield and some qualitative characteristics of three forage crops; corn, sorghum and amaranth . Split split plot experimen MoreField studies were conducted at Marvdasht area of Fars province in 2013 to investigate the effects of planting date and density on yield and some qualitative characteristics of three forage crops; corn, sorghum and amaranth . Split split plot experiments were conducted in a complete randomized block design with 3 replications at two locations. Treatments were plant species (forage corn 704, forage sorghum cultivar Speedfeed and a new forage crop: amaranth), plant density (66000, 83000 and 110000 plants per hectare) and planting date (June 22, July 6, July 21). Combined analysis of variance indicated that, plant species, planting density and date significantly affected hay yield, grain protein percentage, iron and zinc content, calcium percentage, fiber and crude protein content. Highest hay production (11279.70 g.m-2 ), grain protein percentage(14.85%), iron content ( 446 mg kg-1 dry matter), calcium percentage (3.66%), and the lowest fiber content (9.44%) were obtained from amaranth with density of 66000 plants per hectare planted on July the 6th. The highest content of zinc(113.50 mg kg-1 dry matter) was observed with corn planted on June 22 with density of 66000 plants per hectare. The highest content of crude protein was in corn planted on July 21 with density of 66000 plants per hectare( 1.69%) without significant difference against amaranth planted on July 6 (1.65%). Maximum fiber content (26.39%) belonged to sorghum plant. The results of this experiment showed that quality of 3 forage species were reduced with delaying planting date and increasing plant density. The results of this experiment, as a whole, showed that amaranth with density of 66000 plants per hectare at sowing date of July 6 can be recommended as appropriate and superior forage plant to Fars province based on the traits evaluated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Response of Yields and Agronomic Traits of Five Grain Millet Varieties to Planting Date
Mahnaz Ghafari Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi Mohamad Javad Seghatoleslami Hamed JavadiTo study the effect of planting dates on yields, yield components and protein contents of seeds of millet varieties in Birjand region, an experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Field o MoreTo study the effect of planting dates on yields, yield components and protein contents of seeds of millet varieties in Birjand region, an experiment was carried out as a split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Field of Islamic Azad University, Birjand Branch, Birjand, Iran, in 2013. Planting dates with three levels (May 12rd, June 2nd and June 23rd) were assigned to main plots and millet varieties with 5 levels (Bastan, Chomaki, Pishahank, White Gavars and Yellow Gavars), to sub-plot was. The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of planting date× variety interaction significantly affected tiller number per plant, seed number per panicle, number of days to physiological maturity, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index and protein yield. Means comparison of simple effects showed that the highest of panicle number per m2 (736.97) obtained at planting date of June 2nd and highest 1000-seed weight (3 g) obtained at planting date of June 23rd. Also, the highest number of panicles per m2 (742.2) belonged to White Gavars and highest 1000-seed weight (4.2 g) to related to Pishahang varieties, respectively. Means comparison of simple effect showed that the highest seed and protein yields (323.2 and 37.1 g.m2) were obtained from Chomaki variety at planting date of June 2nd respectively, but the highest biological yield (1207.2 g.m2)belonged to Yellow Gavars variety at planting date of May 12rd. As a whole, results of this research showed that planting date of Jane 2nd for Chomaki variety and planting date of June 23rd for Yellow Gavars variety were found to be proper planting dates to grow these two varieties in Birjand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Thermal Requirement and the Response of Corn Hybrids (Zea mays L.) to Different Planting Dates in Isfahan
P. Vafa M. Barary H. Darkhal R. NaseriTo study the thermal requirements of grain corn hybrids, at different planting dates, a field experiment was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center of Isfahan, Iran in 2007 - 2008. It was conducted in split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block de MoreTo study the thermal requirements of grain corn hybrids, at different planting dates, a field experiment was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center of Isfahan, Iran in 2007 - 2008. It was conducted in split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Planting dates (June, 5- June, 20 and July, 5) were assigned to main plots and hybrids (BC404، KSC320، OSSK552، KSC500، OSSK713 and KSC704) to sub plots. Results indicated that there was no significant difference for growing degree-days (GDD) requirements from planting to germination among hybrids and planting dates. However, KSC704 hybrid in the first planting date needed the highest GDD during its different growth stages. KSC 500 hybrid with 6.31 (t/ha) and OSSK 713 hybrid with 6.48 (t/ha) produced the highest grain yields. The highest number of grains per ear row belonged to KSC320 Hybrid (18.83). KSC704, OSSK713, OSSK 552, and BC404 possessed the highest kernels per ear row, 44.63, 44.59 and 44.74 kernels respectively. The highest thousand kernel weight (288.12 g) was also observed in BC 404 hybrids. The highest protein content was related to the third planting date. However, its percentages in all hybrids, except KSC 320 hybrid, were similar. KSC 500 hybrid had the highest phosphorous content (243 mg/100g). The highest plant disease incidences were observed in KSC 320 and KSC 404 hybrids. KSC 704 hybrid, in the mean time, showed the highest ear contamination percentage. The conclusion is that OSSK713 hybrid and the second planting date produced the highest seed yield in Isfahan, Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Effect of Foliar Application of Iron and Zinc from Chelate and Sulfate Sources on Growth and Yield of Maize, at Dezful Province of Khuzestan
Ali Khalafi Kamran Mohsenifar Ali Gholami Mohammad BarzegariTo investigate the effect of foliar application of iron and zinc from sulfate and EDTA-chelated sources on quantitaty and qualitaty of corn seed yields were compared. Thus, field experiment was carried at Dezful, using maize single cross 701 cultivar, in a randomized co MoreTo investigate the effect of foliar application of iron and zinc from sulfate and EDTA-chelated sources on quantitaty and qualitaty of corn seed yields were compared. Thus, field experiment was carried at Dezful, using maize single cross 701 cultivar, in a randomized complete block design for one years. The experiment consisted of seven treatments: control, foliar spraying with chelate or sulfate of iron with a concentration of three mg.L-1, foliar application of sulfate or chelate of zinc with a concentration of mg.L-1, foliar application of combined sulfate or chelate of zinc and iron with a concentration of 1.5 mg.L-1 for each element. Results at the experiment showed that the effect of different foliar treatments on all factors, except cob weight and grain manganese concentration, were significant. The highest grain yield was 9520 kg.ha-1 and biological yield (37.73 ton.ha-1), in the combined foliar application of iron and zinc, was 13% increase, as compared to the control. There was no significant difference in grain yield between the two sources of iron chelate and iron sulfate. The highest concentration of iron grain was observed by using foliar application with ferrous sulfate at a concentration of 3 mg.L-1 and the highest concentration of zinc foliar application observed with zinc sulfate at a concentration of 3 mg.L-1. The highest percentage of protein content was observed by using foliar application of iron and zinc. The results of this study showed that foliar application of corn with iron and zinc increased seed yield and improves its quality. There were no significant difference between the two sources of sulfate and chelate applications, while in some cases the use of sulfate source showed better results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - The Effect of Super Absorbent Application on Yield and Yield Components of Rain-fed Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes under Supplemental Irrigation Conditions
Seyedeh Nesa Shahrokhi Ahmad Naderi Payam Pezeshkpour Mani Mojaddam Adel ModhejIn order to study the responses of chickpea genotypes and super absorbent application under supplemental irrigation condition, an experiment was conducted base on split-split- plot randomized complete block design with four replications during 2014-2015 in the Agricultu MoreIn order to study the responses of chickpea genotypes and super absorbent application under supplemental irrigation condition, an experiment was conducted base on split-split- plot randomized complete block design with four replications during 2014-2015 in the Agricultural Research Station of Sarab Changaei, Khorramabad. Suplimental irrigation (rainfed, suplimental irrigation at 50% flowering and supplemental irrigation at 50% flowering+ 50% poding) in the main plots, super absorbent polymer in subplot and cultivars (Arman, Azad, Hashem, Adel and ILC482) the sub-subplots were located. The highest grain yield and protein yield were obtained in supplementary irrigation in two stages (50% flowering + 50% poding) with super absorbent application, by avrege of 3890 and 870 kg.ha-1, respectively, which were 24% and 21% higher than control, respectively. The highest leaf greenness (39.22), pods per plant (22.1), seed weight (52.4) and biological yield (5413.5) were related to two-stage irrigation. The highest number of pods per plant (27.7) was observed in Hashem cultivar and superabsorbent application, which was 34% more than non- super absorbent in same cultivar. Results of genotype× super absorbent showed that the highest grain yield (4159 kg.ha-1), grain nitrogen percentage (3.69) and protein yield (960 kg.ha-1) were obtained under super absorbent and Adel cultivar conditions. Based on the results, application of supera bsorbent increased grain yield and protein yield of chickpea genotype in rain-fed conditions. By improving physiological traits, associated with drought tolerance, the use of supplemental irrigation method in areas that make this possible, especially if combined with the application of super absorbent polymers, can increase seed yield in chickpea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Effect of Urea and Nitrapyrine on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Different Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivume L.) under Different Tillage Conditions
Reza Nozari Esmaeil Hadidi Masouleh Azam Borzouei Saeed Sayfzadeh Ali EskandariIn order to evaluate different tillage methods and urea fertilizer with nitrapyrin on total chlorophyll content, grain protein, yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted in form of split factorial in randomized complete blocks with t MoreIn order to evaluate different tillage methods and urea fertilizer with nitrapyrin on total chlorophyll content, grain protein, yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted in form of split factorial in randomized complete blocks with three replications in the Research farm Nuclear Science and Technology in 2017-2018. Experimental treatments included conventional and minimum tillage, fertilizer treatment at three levels of 0, 150 kg urea ha-1 and 150 kg urea ha-1 + nitrapyrin and wheat cultivars (Arg and Omidbakhsh). Tillage systems were effective on the studied traits and that the highest amount of chlorophyll (5.18 mg.g-1 FW) and leaf area index (3.78) were obtained in minimum and conventional tillage, respectively. The highest grain protein content (170.7%), grain yield (668.3 kg.ha-1) and harvest index (42.51%) were obtained in minimum tillage and 150 kg urea ha-1 fertilizer + nitrapyrin. Application of urea + nitrapyrin increased grain protein, 1000-grain weight and harvest index. Both Arg and Omidbakhsh cultivars obtained the highest plant height (102.16 and 104.66 cm, respectively) and leaf area index (3.88 and 3.98, respectively) in 150 kg urea ha-1 treatment. The three-way interactions of tillage, fertilizer and cultivar also had a significant effect on leaf dry weight, grain yield and biological yield. In minimal tillage, Omidbakhsh cultivar in 150 kg urea ha-1 + nitrapyrin fertilizer treatment showed better grain yield and biological yield than other treatments. According to the obtained results, in minimal plowing conditions, Omidbakhsh cultivar and application of urea + nitrapyrin is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - The Effects of Urea Fertilizer and Azotobacter and Azospirillum on Physiological Charactestis of Maize (Zea mays L.) at Khash, Iran
عباس Soleymanifard R. NaseriTo study the effects of urea fertilizer and bio-fertilizers on grain yield and important agronomic traits in maize (Zea mays L. Sc704), a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Payame Noor University of K MoreTo study the effects of urea fertilizer and bio-fertilizers on grain yield and important agronomic traits in maize (Zea mays L. Sc704), a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Payame Noor University of Khash Research Field during 2011-2012 cropping season. Four different levels of urea consisting of zero, 25% (equal to 87.5 kg.ha-1), 50% (equal to 175 kg.ha-1) and 100% (equal to 350 kg.ha-1) based on the results of soil analysis were assigned to main plot and bio-fertilzers, including Azotobacter, Azospirillum and non- inoculation, to sub plot. Results indicated that nitrogen fertilizer affected the traits under study significantly. The highest and lowest plant height, the number of seed per ear row, the number of grain per row, ears.m-2, 1000 kernel weight, seed yield, bilogocal yield and seed protein content were obtained by using 100% nitrogen fertilizer and control (zero level of urea) respectively. Using bio-feretlizers also had a significant effect on traits under study. Bio-fertilizer had positive effect on seed yield and yield components. Thus, there was a seed yield increase of 8.4% and 8.2% by using Azotobacter and Azospirillum compared to the non- inoculated seeds, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The Effect of Foliar Application of Micronutrients on Quality Traits and Yield of Bam Population of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
hojjat safari kamal abadi Seyed Alireza Valadabadi Jahanfar Daneshian Hosein Heydari Sharifabad Amin BaghizadeTo investigate the effect of foliar application of micronutrients on chlorophyll and protein content and yield of alfalafa populations and evaluate economics obtain cost- effect, an experiment was carried out in split split plot by time with four replications using a ra MoreTo investigate the effect of foliar application of micronutrients on chlorophyll and protein content and yield of alfalafa populations and evaluate economics obtain cost- effect, an experiment was carried out in split split plot by time with four replications using a randomized complete blocks desighn at the Shahid Zendeh-Ruh Agricultural Research Center of Kerman. Experimental treatments were micronutrients with five levels: Fe, Zn, Mn, Fe+Zn+Mn and control (without nutrient applications), bacterial inoculation, with three levels: Rhizobium melilloti, Rhizobium legumenasarum and without inoculation. Foliar application had a positive significant effect on all traits under study and increased chlorophyll and protein contents, and alfalfa forage yeild. The highest fresh forage yield belonged to second cutting (71 t.ha-1) by using combined micronutrient foliar application and to third cutting (68 t.ha-1) by using Rhizobium leguminosarum. The highest protein rate was observed in Mn foliar application and Rhizobium meliloti inoculation at second cutting by 50%. Based on the results obtained it can be concluded that foliar application of micronutrients and inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria improves morphological characteristics of Bami population of alfalfa in Kerman region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Effect of Seed Priming on some Morphophysiological Characteristics, Yield and Seed Protein Content in Three Dryland Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars
Kianoush Safari Yousef Sohrabi Adel Siosemardeh Shahryar SasaniTo investigate the effect of seed priming treatments on seed yield and it’s components in three bread wheat cultivars (Rijaw, Sardari and Karim) was studied under dryland condition at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Kermansh MoreTo investigate the effect of seed priming treatments on seed yield and it’s components in three bread wheat cultivars (Rijaw, Sardari and Karim) was studied under dryland condition at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Kermanshah during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 growing season. The priming treatments consisted of gibberellic acid with 100 mg.L-1, 24-epiprasinolide 1 mg L-1, potassium chloride with 100 mmol L-1 and polyethylene glycol (PEG4000) with -2.3 and -2.9 bar, zinc sulfate 0.1 and 0.3%, 2 and 4 g urea L-1, ascorbic acid 100 mg L-1, hydropriming with distilled water and control (without seed priming). The highest percentage of crop ground cover was obtained with 39.9% of Sardari cultivar and 4 g urea L-1. The highest relative mean water content and flag leaf membrane stability index with 88.1 and 71.6% were related to Karim cultivar with 0.3% hydrated zinc sulfate treatment, respectively. The lowest mean rate of flag leaf water loss (30.6%) was obtained from Karim cultivar with zinc sulfate treatment of 0.3%. Two-year results showed that the highest mean seed yield (2801.4 kg.ha-1) belonged to Rijaw cultivar by seed priming treatment with 4 g.L-1 urea. The highest percentages of seed protein content by NIR method of Karim cultivar and treatments of urea with a concentration of 4 g.L-1 (12.32%), ascorbic acid (12.31%) and gibberellic acid (12.18%) with 100 mg.L-1 were obtained. In this study, based on the total measured traits of morphophysiological, yield and grain quality traits, nutient treatments of urea with a concentration of 4 g L-1, zinc sulfate with a concentration of 0.3% and ascorbic acid with a concentration of 100 mg.L-1 and potassium chloride 100 mmol L-1 were identified and recommended as appropriate and superior seed priming treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Response of Durum Wheat Genotypes to Different Planting Dates and Plant Densities under Dryland Conditions
Saeid Ghazvineh Ali Reza Valadabadi Abdol Vahab Abdolahi Saeed Seyfzadeh Hamid Reza ZakerinThe present study was conducted to investigate the response of durum wheat cultivars to different planting dates and densities under rainfed conditions during the years 2014-2016 in Sararood, Kermanshah, using a split plot factorial experiment based on randomized comple MoreThe present study was conducted to investigate the response of durum wheat cultivars to different planting dates and densities under rainfed conditions during the years 2014-2016 in Sararood, Kermanshah, using a split plot factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications. Three durum wheat genotypes (SAJI, BCR and STJ) with three sowing dates, prior to effective rainfall (the amount and time of effective rainfall were 33.2 and 34.5 mm, and 26 October, and 5 November for two years of experiment, respectively). 15 days after effective rainfall and 30 days after effective rainfall were evaluated for four densities of 250, 350, 450 and 550 plant per square meter. Traits like number of spikes per square meter, 1000 kernel weight, seed and biological yield, harvest index and absorbed radiation percentage were measured. The results of mean comparisons of simple effects showed that the number of spikes per square meter in the planting date before rainfall was more effective than two other planting dates. Biological yield and absorbed radiation percentage were 26.9 and 12.9 percent higher respectively in second year of experiment as compared to the first year. Comparison of interactions means showed that STJ genotype under 250 seeding density and 15 days sowing date after effective rainfall, produced highest 1000 kernel weight, while SAJI cultivar at 550 seeding density and planting date before effective rainfall showed the highest kernel yield. The SAJI cultivar showed highest biological yield under 450 seeding density and planting date before effective rainfall. For all three genotypes, the highest percentage of radiation absorption was observed when sowing date used before rainy season using 450 and 550 seeding densities. In this study all genotypes showed the highest traits values at first planting date and under 450 seeding density. The highest values of protein and chlorophyll content were observed using 350 seeding density. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Responses of Seed Yield and Morphophysiological Traits of Mungbean (Vigna radiate L.) cv. Gohar to GDD and Plant Density in Ilam Region
Abas Soleymani Fard Rahim NaseriTo study the effect of GDD and plant spacing on some agronomic, morpho-physiologic traits and qualitative traits of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.), cv. Gohar, a field experiment was conducted by using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with MoreTo study the effect of GDD and plant spacing on some agronomic, morpho-physiologic traits and qualitative traits of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.), cv. Gohar, a field experiment was conducted by using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in summer of 2016 in Ilam region. The first factor, planting date, consisted of three GDD of 1910 GDD, 1740 GDD and 1485 GDD (planting dates of 10 and 25 July and 5 July) and the second factor plant spacings on the row consisting of four levels (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) with 50 cm between rows (40, 20, 13.3 and 10 plants.m-2,respectively). The results showed that leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area, relative water content, pods.plant-1, pods.m-2, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were affected by planting date× plant distances on the row. The highest chlorophyll content (1.85 mg/g fresh weight), pods.plant-1 (44 pods), pods.m-2 (507 pods), grain yield (3149 kg.ha-1) and harvest index (50.2%) were obtained at 1740 GDD and 15 cm plant distances on the row. According to the results of this experiment, the highest grain yield and yield components belonged to the planting date of 1740 GDD (planting dates of 25 July) with 15 cm plant distances on the row (13.3 plants.m-2) in Ilam region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Effect of Salicylic Acid on Morpho-agronomical Traits of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) under Drought Stress
Faramarz Chamani Enayatollah Tohidinejad Mehdi MohayejiGuar is a tropical, salt and drought tolerant plant. To assess the effect of salicylic acid on its morphological and agronomical traits under different irrigation intervals, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replicates was perfo MoreGuar is a tropical, salt and drought tolerant plant. To assess the effect of salicylic acid on its morphological and agronomical traits under different irrigation intervals, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replicates was performed in Galeh-Gang region in Kerman province, Iran. Three different irrigations with 6, 9 and 12 day intervals, assigned to main plots and four salicylic acid concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) to sub plots. Salicylic acid spraying was done three times at five leaf, flowering and podding stages. The results indicated that most of the morphologic and agronomic characters of guar were influenced under different irrigation intervals. Leaf area index, number of pods per plants and number of seeds per pod were decreased when drought stress occured. Spraying plants with salicylic acid increased almost all characters under study. While, the highest number of pods per plant, seeds per pod were obtained at 2 mM and leaf area index at 1 mM salicylic acid treatments. Irrigation interval by salicylic acid interaction was significant for specific leaf area, 1000 seed weight, seed protein content and seed yield. The highest seed yield (1245.25 kg.ha-1) was belonged to the irrigation of 6 day interval and 1 mM acid salicylic treatment. As a whole it can be concluded that use of 1 mM salicylic acid treatment might increase drought tolerance of guar and prevent yield reduction during drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc on Seed Yield and Quality of Dry-land Wheat, in Hashtrood
Esmaeil Karimi-Asl Bahram Mirshekari Ezatollah Esfandiari Farhad Farahvash Ebrahim Khalilvand BehrozyarMalnutrition due to low micro-nutrients content in cereals and lack of diversity of food stuffs are serious health problem in developing countries, including Iran. Due to the important nutritive role of wheat in these countries, researchers are trying to produce wheat g MoreMalnutrition due to low micro-nutrients content in cereals and lack of diversity of food stuffs are serious health problem in developing countries, including Iran. Due to the important nutritive role of wheat in these countries, researchers are trying to produce wheat grains with higher nutrients contents like iron, zinc, ascorbic acid and protein, along with low phytic acid content and Zn/PA ratio to limit malnutrition. Because of significant role of Zn on the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins; the effects of foliar application of Zn on the quality and yield of wheat grains was studied. In this study six wheat cultivars were planted at a farm in Tastaghar village located in Hashtrood county, during early fall of 2016 in split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design. Treatments used were six wheat cultivars (Baran, Tak-Ab, Sardari, Ohadi, Homa and Azar 2) and leaf foliar application of Zn with four levels (control, during beginning of stem elongation and stem elongation+anthesis stages). Zn foliar treatments were applied in the evenings by a portable pump sprayer. The results revealed that the foliar application of Zn increased seed yields of the cultivars under study. Moreover, protein, Zn and ascorbic acid content of the seed were also increased significantly (P≤%5). However, phytic acid content and Zn/PA ratio were decreased as compared to control. Overall it can be said that, foliar application of Zn had positive impact on the seed yield, proteins, Zn and ascorbic acid contents. It can be concluded that the foliar application of Zn on wheat would improve the seed yield and some qualities of wheat cultivars. It would be advisable to extend continuing this kind of studies to overcome malnutrition problems of area. Further studis is recommended to substantiate the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Improvement of Agronomic and Qualitative Characters of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) Genotypes by Application of Zinc Sulfate under Zinc Deficiency Stress
Ezatollah Esfandiari Majid AbdoliTo evaluate the effects of Zn application on seed yield and some qualitative properties of wheat in a calcareous soil an experiment was carried out in factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of MoreTo evaluate the effects of Zn application on seed yield and some qualitative properties of wheat in a calcareous soil an experiment was carried out in factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Iran, during 2014 growing season. The first factor consisted of four durum wheat genotypes and the second factor of levels two zinc sulfate application (control and foliar application of Zn on soil at stem elongation + seed filling stages). The results showed that application of zinc sulfate could increase biological and seed yields of RCOL genotype by 2 and 4 times compared to control respectively. The effects application of zinc sulfate on biological and seed yields of other genotypes were not significant. Based on the results obtained from this study the highest increase in seed weight was 20.7% in the RCOL genotype by Zn application. The highest reduction in phytic acid to zinc molar ratio was observed in Ege-88 genotype and this ratio was decreased by 52.2 percent in the control to 8.4% due to Zn application. This may indicate different responses of durum wheat genotypes to the zinc deficiency in the soil. The results also showed that the number of seed per spike was increased by 22.7 percent and phytic acid was decreased by 62.3 percent due to the application of zinc sulfate. Also, application of zinc sulfate increased Zn concentration in seed from 29.9 mg.kg-1 to 64.7 mg.kg-1 in control. In general, however, the application of zinc was not the reason of seed yield improvement of all genotypes studied but it improved seed yield qualities. It can be concluded that use of Zn is an appropriate method to improve the qualitative and quantitative traits of seed yield. To confirm these results other studies are needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Effect of Seed Priming with Sodium-Ascorbate on Germination and some of Physiological Characteristics of Sesame (Seamum indicum) under Different Temperatures
P. Tizfahm A. Ebadi H. Tavakoli N. TavakoliTo study the effects of ascorbate and temperature on antioxidant enzymes and germination indexes, a factorial experimental based on completely randomized block design with three replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Laboratory of Mohaghegh Ardabili Uni MoreTo study the effects of ascorbate and temperature on antioxidant enzymes and germination indexes, a factorial experimental based on completely randomized block design with three replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Laboratory of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2014. Treatments were three levels of ascorbate (control, 5 and 10 mM) and three levels of temperatures (15, 25 and 35 °C). Parameters under study were germination indices, production rates of antioxidant enzymes, proline and protein. The results of experiment indicated that ascorbate application that of raised proline content. Application of ascorbate resulted in enzymes reduction at 15°C more than 25°and 35° temperatures. Its application also reduced protein denaturation. Since sesame is a warm season plant, it seems that increasing antioxidant enzymes at 15°C is due to higher production of free radicals. The positive and significant correlation between antioxidant enzymes and germination indices represents their direct relationships. According to the results of this experiment, it seems that the application of ascorbate had positive effect on germination indices and reduced the effects of improper temperatures; it also benefited seedling growth of sesame. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Evaluating Some Physiological Characteristics of Safflower Cultivars )Carthamus tinctorius L.( Under Water Deficit Stress and Brassionosteroide Application
Mahnaz Zafari Ali Ebadi Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh godehahriz Mohammad SedghiTo evaluate the effects of water deficit stress and growth regulator (Brassinosteroid) on some physiological characteristics cultivars of safflower, an split plot factorial experiment based on randomize complete block design with 3 replications was conducted at the Rese MoreTo evaluate the effects of water deficit stress and growth regulator (Brassinosteroid) on some physiological characteristics cultivars of safflower, an split plot factorial experiment based on randomize complete block design with 3 replications was conducted at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2014. Water stress was in three levels: 80 mm evaporation (normal irrigation); 120 mm evaporation (low water stress); 160 mm evaporation (high water stress) from evaporation pan of class A which were assigned to main plots and three cultivars of safflower (Goldasht, Spiny Sina and Faraman) and two levels of Brassinosteroid, control and 10 -7 mol. in sub plots. The reasults showed that water stress decreased stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, sub-stomatal CO2, water-use efficiency, chlorophyll content index (SPAD), seed yield, leaf soluble protein and transpiration rate. The results also showed that use of brassinosteriod, increased photosynthetic parameters and reduced transpiration. Irrigation at evaporation of 80 mm from pan, resulted in the maximom amount of transpiration and stomatal conductance to the Faraman cultivar, sub-stomatal CO2 to Sina spiny cultivar and chlorophyll content index (SPAD) to Goldasht cultivar. Irrigation at 120 mm evaporation from class A pan resulted in the maximum amount of transpiration and stomatal conductance to Goldasht cultivar, while the highest sub-stomatal CO2, belonged to Sina spiny. Irrigation at 160 mm evaporation from class A pan resulted in the maximum amount of transpiration, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content index (SPAD) and the sub-stomatal CO2 to Goldasht cultivar. It seems that Goldasht cultivar under both mild and severe drought stresses tolerates drought better than the other two cultivars in Ardabil rigion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Evaluation of Quality Traits of Forage Maize Cultivars as Affected by Different Plant Densities
Hamdollah Eskandari Abdollah Javanmard Fariborz ShekariMaize has an important role in livestock nutrition. Thus, improving its forage quality through agronomical managements seems to be of high importance. To evaluate quality traits of forage maize cultivars in response to plant densities, a factorial experiment based on RC MoreMaize has an important role in livestock nutrition. Thus, improving its forage quality through agronomical managements seems to be of high importance. To evaluate quality traits of forage maize cultivars in response to plant densities, a factorial experiment based on RCBD with three replications was carried out at the Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh during 2013-2014 growing season. The first factor was plant density with three levels (93000, 105000 and 119000 plant.ha-1) and the second factor was maize cultivars with five levels (Zola, Simon, NS, 540 and 370). Results of the experiment indicated that dry matter production was affected by the interaction of plant density and cultivar, where cultivar 540 produced the highest dry forage (980 g.m-2) by density of 119000 plant.h-1 and cultivar NS the lowest (933 g.m-2) dry forage by density of 93000 plant.m-2. However, all cultivars under study produced higher dry matter under higher plant densities. It was also observed that Zola cultivar, with 638 g.kg-1 of hemicellulose, had the lowest forage quality. Other cultivars were in the same statistical group. Phosphorous content of forage was in its highest value in 93000 plant density, while calcium content was not affected by plant density. Lower plant densities resulted in higher crude protein content. Cultivar no. 540 produced the highest crude protein yield (kg.ha-1) suggesting its superiority to the other cultivar. This cultivar can be recommended for growing in this region and other regions with same climatic conditions for producing high quality and quantity of maize forage production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Chemical composition of fillet and some biochemical and enzymatic parameters of blood serum in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869) at different weights
Firuz Zahed مجید Mohammad NejadAbstract Knowing the chemical composition of food consumed by humans is one of the important principles in preparing diets. The Siberian sturgeon is a good species for aquaculture due to its good growth in different sizes in breeding systems and its ab MoreAbstract Knowing the chemical composition of food consumed by humans is one of the important principles in preparing diets. The Siberian sturgeon is a good species for aquaculture due to its good growth in different sizes in breeding systems and its ability to reproduce sexually in captivity. In this study, the chemical composition of fillet and some biochemical and enzymatic indicators of blood serum in Siberian sturgeon in different weights were investigated. Fish in 5 groups of mean weight of 0.5-0.7 kg, 2.5-2 kg, 6-7 kg, 10-12 kg and 15-17 kg and with 3 fish from each group were studied. The results of the present study showed that with increasing weight and size of fish, the amount of protein, ash and fiber decreases and the amount of fat increases (P <0.05), but the amount of moisture at different weights does not differ (P> 0.05). The results of the present study showed that fish weight affects the biochemical parameters of fish serum, so that with increasing weight, the amount of cholesterol, triglyceride, urea and iron increases (P <0.05), but the amount of albumin, calcium, sodium and potassium did not change (P> 0.05). While the highest amount of protein in the weight group was 6 to 7 kg. Also, the level of stress indices (glucose and cortisol) increased with weight gain and the amount of serum enzymes was higher at low weights (P <0.05). The results of the present study showed that the size and weight of fish affect the chemical composition of fillet and some biochemical and enzymatic factors of fish blood serum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Physico-mechanical and antimicrobial properties of edible film incorporated with Caryophillum aromaticcus essential oil (CAO) from Caspian White fish (Rutilus frisii Kutum) scale
A. Mahjoorian m.R. Saeedi Asl M. Rezaei A. Mortazavi P. AriayeByproducts from the processing of fish are a good source of collagen. Biodegradable protein-based film was made by incorporating clove essential oil (CAO) into Caspian white fish scale gelatin (CWFSG) at level of 0, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% (weight/ protein weight ratio) and a MoreByproducts from the processing of fish are a good source of collagen. Biodegradable protein-based film was made by incorporating clove essential oil (CAO) into Caspian white fish scale gelatin (CWFSG) at level of 0, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% (weight/ protein weight ratio) and antimicrobial, physical and mechanical properties of films including tensile strength (T.S), elongation at break (EAB%), moisture%, water vapor permeability (WVP), contact angle, solubility, surface color properties, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were investigated. Gelatin-based films enriched with different concentrations of CAO were prepared and examined. Incorporation of CAO at concentrations of 0-1.5% resulted in the decreasing in tensile strength (TS) of the films. Water vapor permeability (WVP) was increased in the film added with CAO at a level higher than 0.5% (P<0.05); However, film solubility and L*value decreased. Moreover, when CAO was incorporated the films showed the lowered light transmission in the visible range. Films incorporated with CAO had an inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli. SEM images revealed the presence of micro-pores in the essential oil incorporated films, which contributed to the physical properties of the films. Gelatin films incorporated with CAO can be used as an active packaging, but the properties must be modified. Gelatine film containing 1% CAO had the best physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - A review of the nutritional and medicinal potential of Phycobiliproteins extracted from cyanobacteria
Bahareh Nowruzi yasaman GoraniPhycobiliproteins (PBPs) are colored and water-soluble biliproteins that are found in cyanobacteria and rhodophytes. Based on their spectral characteristics, PBPs are divided into three types: Allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin. PBPs, apart from their specia MorePhycobiliproteins (PBPs) are colored and water-soluble biliproteins that are found in cyanobacteria and rhodophytes. Based on their spectral characteristics, PBPs are divided into three types: Allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin. PBPs, apart from their special function as sunlight-receiving antennas in the photosynthesis process, can be used as food dyes, nutrients, cosmetics, pharmaceutical industries and fluorescent probes in immunofluorescence analysis. Since PBPs have antioxidant, anti-tumor effects, as well as potential anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties, in this review article, an attempt was made to investigate the properties and medicinal potential of PBPs along with their structural features. The results of the review of recent articles showed that the PBP part of proteins is very sensitive to environmental stress and this issue limits their use in the food industry. Therefore, it is necessary to use protective and coating materials to preserve the color. Consequently, they can prevent the denaturation of the protein structure, which not only increases the antioxidant properties but also increases the half-life of the food. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Effect of whey protein-based edible coatings and Natamycin on the quality and shelf life of Iranian white cheese
omid ramezani Abbas Jalilzadeh Javad HesariCheese is a good source of protein, vitamins and minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus. Changes in the physical, chemical and microbial properties can affect the shelf life of the product. Therefore, increasing the shelf life of this dairy products is very importa MoreCheese is a good source of protein, vitamins and minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus. Changes in the physical, chemical and microbial properties can affect the shelf life of the product. Therefore, increasing the shelf life of this dairy products is very important. The effect of whey protein concentrate-based edible coatings containing Natamycin (at 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 percent concentrations) on the shelf life of Iranian white cheese were studied during 60 days. The results showed that the optimized coatings containing 0.03% Natamycin can prevent the growth of Penicillium chrysogenum up to 60 days, while different treatments of coatings had not significant effect on organoleptic properties fat, pH, and acidity of the cheese samples. However it resulted in a loss of 11% of the moisture content. It was concluded that whey protein concentrate-based coatings containing Natamycin can extend the shelf life of Iranian white cheese. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Evaluation of serumic concentration of Haptoglobin and Serum Amyloid A in horses affected with strangles
A. Hassanpour H.R. Alipour Kheirkhah S. MoghaddamThis study was conducted on 29 horses with strangles and 27 healthy horses (negative culture) in order to investigate the serumic concentration of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in stables of Tabriz area in Iran. Sick horses were detected by clinical and laboratory (cu MoreThis study was conducted on 29 horses with strangles and 27 healthy horses (negative culture) in order to investigate the serumic concentration of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in stables of Tabriz area in Iran. Sick horses were detected by clinical and laboratory (culture of nasal discharge) findings. Blood samples were subsequently collected from the jugular vein in all horses and serum was separated. The concentration of acute phase proteins (Haptoglobin and Serum Amyloid A) were measured in all samples. Mean Serum Amyloid A in affected and healthy horses was 2749.13±569.95 mg/dl and 1602.97±357.76 mg/dl respectively. Mean serumic levels of Haptoglobin in affected and healthy horses was 1258.20±244.01 mg/dl and 721.97±187.18 mg/dl respectively. Average of both parameters in affected horses was significantly higher than the healthy group (in both p=0.000). There was no significant correlation between the measured parameters in diseased horses (p=0.158 & r=0.269). In conclusion, strangles induces increase in the serumic concentration of acute phase proteins which must be considered in the treatment of affected horses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Association of postpartum milk fat, protein and fat-to-protein ratio with 120 days pregnancy risk in Holstein dairy cows
Navid Saranjam Mehran Farhoodi Moghaddam Ghasem Akbari Majid Mohammad Sadegh Nima FarzanehInduced lipolysis by negative energy balance causes an increase in milk fat, a decrease in milk protein, and also as a consequence an increase in milk fat to protein ratio (FPR). The objective of this study was to evaluate available data in each milk record such as fat, MoreInduced lipolysis by negative energy balance causes an increase in milk fat, a decrease in milk protein, and also as a consequence an increase in milk fat to protein ratio (FPR). The objective of this study was to evaluate available data in each milk record such as fat, protein and their ratio, somatic cell count (SCC) and the history of dairy cows in order to determine pregnancy risk (PR) till 120 days in milk (DIM). Therefore, the information of 1,279 primiparous and multiparous Holstein dairy cows was collected on days 30 and 60 of DIM and near the first artificial insemination (AI) postpartum. The results illustrated the amount of milk fat, protein and FPR on day 30 of DIM in non-pregnant and pregnant groups were (2.67±1.2, 2.62±1.04 and 1.01±0.4) and (2.87±1.16, 2.76±0.95 and 1.03±0.36), on day 60 of DIM were (2.87±1.06, 2.7±0.86 and 1.06±0.35) and (2.97±1.15, 2.73±0.9 and 1.08±0.36), and near the first AI were (2.62±1.2, 2.53±1.04 and 1.03±0.4) and (2.8±1.24, 2.63±1.01 and 1.06±0.5), respectively, in which their effects on PR till 120 DIM were significant at two sampling times (p < /em><0.05). The effect of SCC at day 60 of DIM on PR till 120 DIM was also significant (p < /em>=0.023); but none of the milk constituents and SCC had constant effect when analyzed by Logistic regression. Seasons of calving (p < /em>=0.02) and AI (p < /em>=0.00), previous DIM (p < /em>=0.001) and milk production (p < /em>=0.016) were analyzed by COX model and it was demonstrated that only previous DIM (p < /em>=0.021, Odds ratio=0.985) and season of AI (p < /em>=0.040, Odds ratio= 7.5) had significant effect on pregnancy till 120 DIM. The result of the present study shows that the effect of previous DIM and season of AI are significant on pregnancy till 120 DIM, but milk constituents had no effect on it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Alterations in acute phase proteins, hemogram and electrophoretic pattern of equine serum proteins following change of diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate
Rouhoullah Karampour Mohammad Razi Jalali mohammad rahim haji hajikalaei Alireza Ghadrdan mashhadiDespite extensive studies on the relationship between diet type and its effect on equine biochemical factors, little is known about horse serum and plasma proteins following changes in diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate. Acute phase proteins are a group o MoreDespite extensive studies on the relationship between diet type and its effect on equine biochemical factors, little is known about horse serum and plasma proteins following changes in diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate. Acute phase proteins are a group of serum proteins whose concentrations increase in response to infections, inflammation, trauma, and neoplasia. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the serum levels of serum biomarkers, fibrinogen and total protein concentration along with the nutritional behavior of horses during diet change. For this purpose, two types of diets, including forage (first treatment) and mixture of forage with concentrate (second treatment) were used for each horse for fifteen consecutive days. Complete blood cell counts as well as serum levels of fibrinogen, haptoglobin and amyloid type A were measured before and after dietary changes. Serum fibrinogen, haptoglobin and amyloid A levels were significantly increased in horses of the second treatment group compared to horses in the first treatment group (p<0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference in the complete blood cell count due to the change of diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate (p<0.05). It seems that changes in the natural flora of the horse's digestive tract following a change in diet can protect the animal's body against acute inflammatory and traumatic injuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Evaluation of consumption of artificial sweetener Cipla on electrophoretic curve of serum proteins in diabetic male rats
Hamed Nasiri jafar rahmani kahnamoeiIntroduction: Sucralose is an artificial sweetener without calorie that derived from sugar or sucrose. It is 600 times sweeter than sugar also makes low calorie. Cipla as a commercial sweetener have different compounds such as, lactose, L-lusin, Cross Carmellose Sodium. MoreIntroduction: Sucralose is an artificial sweetener without calorie that derived from sugar or sucrose. It is 600 times sweeter than sugar also makes low calorie. Cipla as a commercial sweetener have different compounds such as, lactose, L-lusin, Cross Carmellose Sodium. Sucralose is stable in the presence of ethanol and can retain 99% of its true taste after one year, as well as maintain its properties during pasteurization, sterilization, and high temperature baking. It also does not interfere with glucose uptake, carbohydrate metabolism or insulin secretion. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that 85% of sucralose is not absorbed and is completely excreted through the stool and its absorption rate is limited to 15% in passive release. Recent studies have shown a link between the use of sweeteners and renal toxicity, hepatotoxicity or retardation of fetal and placenta formation. Sucralose is converted to hydrolysis products 4- Chloro glucose and 1,6 di chlorofructose by hydrolysis. These metabolites are more resistant to hydrolysis and complete degradation as sucrose chlorination and conversion to sucralose alter the conversion of the molecule to glycosidic enzymes. The digestive tract, which normally breaks down carbohydrates, becomes. In a double-blind study by Grots et al., it was found that sucralose at a dose of 7.5 mg/ kg/day for one month had no significant effect on serum glucose and HbA1c levels in humans. Other studies on non-diabetic human specimens have shown that high doses of sucralose or aspartame do not affect blood glucose, peptide c, or hemoglobin levels of HbA1c, even at multiple doses. According to conflicting reports on the metabolic effects of sweeteners, the study assessed the effect of using the commercial form of sucralose (Cipla) on serum electrophoretic proteins in healthy and diabetic rats.Materials and methods: This study will be done on 24 male rats divided in four equal groups, control and treatment. Control group will have base ration. In the study of Shastry and et al, is 15mg/kg for human. Therefore, in this study dosage of sucralose will be 15mg/kg. Treatment group will be injected daily for 1-month. All rats used for this study have same peripheral conditions .At the end of the experimental period, all rat were bled, and after serum isolation, the serum protein electrophoresis curve was prepared and evaluated by acetate cellulose technique.Results and discussion:The amount of total protein and serum albumin was recorded in the healthy treatment group (7.18±0.22 g/dl) and (3.36±0.11 g/dl), in the diabetic control group (7.16±0.18 g/dl) and (3.41±0.09 g/dl), but with the amount of these factors in the serum of other study groups, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The amount of alpha 1 globulin in the serum of healthy control group (0.01±0.30 g/dl) was significantly lower than the rate of this factor in animal serum of diabetic control group (0.04±0.51 g/dl) and healthy treatment group (0.03±0.46 g/dl) (p 0.05). Gammaglobulin levels were determined in the healthy treatment group (1.20±0.12 g/dl), diabetic treatment (1.10±0.21 g/dl), healthy control group (1.33±0.14 g/dl) and diabetic control group (1.25±0.08 g/dl), Which showed a no significant statistical difference between the studied groups (p>0.05). The study showed that the use of aspartame, acesulfam, and sucralose sweeteners in acceptable daily intake (ADI) doses for three weeks did not have a mutagenic effect on healthy and diabetic rats and had no effect on serum factors which is consistent with the results of the present study. This study demonstrated a significant change in the alpha 1 globulin band in the electrophoretic curve. The bulk of this protein bond is made up of the alpha protein an antitrypsin, a single-chain glycoprotein consisting of 394 amino acids that has a molecular mass of about 52 kDa and easily passes through interstitial fluid to the target tissues. This protein has a negative charge and cannot pass through the glomerular membrane of the kidney. This protein is one of the most important inhibitors of serum human serum proteases and inhibits several proteins such as elastase, collagenase and trypsin. Diabeticization of the animals tested, as well as the consumption of sweeteners, appear to accelerate the production of acute phase proteins, increasing alpha 1 globulin in the electrophoretic curve.Conclusion: The results of this study showed no change in protein bands other than alpha 1 globulin. Therefore, it can be said that sucralose has little effect on the electrophoretic curve of serum proteins.Keywords: Cipla, Electrophoretic curve, Rat, Serum protein, Sucralose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The effect of different levels of Valine in low protein diets on cellular and humoral immunity of broiler chickens
Khosrow Parsaeimehr Mohsen Daneshyar Parviz Farhoomand Hosein Janmohammadi Majid OlyayeeDifferent levels of valine in low protein diets have a significant effect on the immune system of broiler chickens. This experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of different levels of valine in low protein diets on the immune response of broiler chickens. This s MoreDifferent levels of valine in low protein diets have a significant effect on the immune system of broiler chickens. This experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of different levels of valine in low protein diets on the immune response of broiler chickens. This study was conducted using 200 one-day old male broilers of Ross 308 strain in a completely randomized design with 5 replicates and 10 birds per replicate. Experimental treatments were adjusted based on the Brazilian tables and included: control diet with recommended levels of valine, 10% higher than the recommended level of valine and 20% higher than the recommended level of valine diluted in a diet containing 2% protein. The results showed that different levels of valine had no significant effect on the weight of liver, spleen, fabricius bursa and leukocytes (p<0.05). Diets containing 20% valine significantly increased the HI antibody and humoral immunity responses (p<0.05). The initial total antibody response was not affected by the experimental treatments (p<0.05). But the level of 20% valine significantly increased the total secondary response and IgM secondary response to SRBC (p<0.05). Moreover the addition of valine had a significant effect on the injection reaction of PHA-P (p<0.05), and level of 20% valine, significantly increased the cellular immunity of broilers in comparison to the control treatment and lower valine levels. In the present study, the addition of high levels of valine in low-protein diets improved the cellular and humoral immunity of broiler chickens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Cloning of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis hsp70 gene into pET-24a plasmid and its expression in Escherichia coli
Rasa Sheini mehrabzade Masoudreza Siefi abad shapori Masoud Ghorbanpoor Darush GharibiJohne's disease (Paratuberculosis) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) which is a chronic and progressive infection that chiefly affects ruminants. The disease can lead to significant economic losses in the livestock industry and may also b MoreJohne's disease (Paratuberculosis) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) which is a chronic and progressive infection that chiefly affects ruminants. The disease can lead to significant economic losses in the livestock industry and may also be a threat for public health; because it may be transmitted to humans through consumption of milk and other contaminated animal products. Immunity and resistance against the Johne's disease is mainly due to cell mediated immune response. Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) of this bacterium is one of its important proteins, which the immune response against it can prevent the fecal excretion of bacteria. In order to facilitate the production of recombinant vaccine against Johne's disease, in this study the recombinant HSP (recombinant HSP; rHSP) was produced and its immunogenicity investigated in rabbits. For this purpose, the hsp70 gene was cloned into pET-24a plasmid and the resulting recombinant plasmid was transferred to E. coli strain BL21. The expression of the above protein was checked by SDS-PAGE and the accuracy of the nucleotide sequence was confirmed by sequencing. Immunization of rabbits by rHSP70 resulted in the production of high levels of antibodies. Based on the findings, it seems that the HSP70 specific antibody can be evaluated in the design of diagnostic methods of the disease and the produced recombinant protein can be assessed for the production of recombinant vaccines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Study of the effect of 3, 4 methylenedioxymeth amphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) on the serumic levels of urea, creatinine, total protein and albumin in the dog
بهرام Amouoghli-Tabrizi هادی Khayat-Nori کمال Asadzade, K امین Zargarzade Gh Mousavi Ali Rezapour kargari مهرداد Neshat In order to evaluate the effects of Ecstasy on the kidney function, five 3.5-4 years old male mixed breed dogs were selected. Blood and urine samples were collected and recorded as time zero or control samples before drag administration. Then each dog More In order to evaluate the effects of Ecstasy on the kidney function, five 3.5-4 years old male mixed breed dogs were selected. Blood and urine samples were collected and recorded as time zero or control samples before drag administration. Then each dog was given Ecstasy tablets orally at a single dose of 150 mg/kg and blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein at time intervals of 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours and 7 and 20 days following drag administration and their sera separated. Concurrent urine samples were examined by urine strip. Serumic levels of urea, creatinine, total protein and albumin were measured by colorimetric method using spectrophotometer and commercial diagnostic kits. The results of this study demonstrated significant increase (p<0.05) in serumic levels of urea, creatine, total protein, albumin and urine specific gravity up to 8 hours following drag administration that could be due to the effect of drag on body water and creation of dehydration whereas alter this time significant decrease in serumic levels of total protein and albumin and also significant increase of serumic levels of urea and creatinine was observed alongside proteinuria and albuminuria due to the effect of drag or its metabolite on the kidney. Therefore even a single consumption of the drag could have deleterious effects on normal kidney function and homeostasis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Study of the levels of beta hydroxy butyrate, glucose, protein and albumin in Holstein cows with subclinical ketosis
بهرام Amouoghli Tabrizi شهابالدین Safi سیامک Asri Rezaee مهدی Abdie NojamehrThe objective of this study was to comparatively evaluate the levels of beta hydroxy butyrate (BHB), glucose, protein and albumin in serum of healthy Holstein cows and those with subclinical ketosis. In this survey, blood samples were collected at two stages from cow MoreThe objective of this study was to comparatively evaluate the levels of beta hydroxy butyrate (BHB), glucose, protein and albumin in serum of healthy Holstein cows and those with subclinical ketosis. In this survey, blood samples were collected at two stages from cows selected at 7 dairy farms in Shahriar province of Tehran. Five to 7 ml of blood were taken from the coccygeal vein of 100 cows during the last week of pregnancy when the animals were dry and once again 2 months after parturition from the same cows, their sera separated and the amounts of BHB, glucose, protein and albumin determined by enzymatic techniques and commercially available kits. With the cut point of BHB at 1.2, 1.4 and 1.7 mmol/lit, the percentage of cows affected with subclinical ketosis were 18, 14 and 4 percent, respectively. Mean levels of BHB in ketotic cows was significantly higher than healthy cows before and after parturition while mean levels of glucose, protein and albumin was significantly lower during the same periods (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Evaluation of acute phase proteins in cows affected by Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis
Ali Rezaei A.P Rezaei Saber افشین Davasaz Tabrizi Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis is one of the most important diseases of the bovine digestive system which if diagnosed in early stage and before severe adhesions develop, more effective treatments leading to better prognosis could be under taken. In t More Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis is one of the most important diseases of the bovine digestive system which if diagnosed in early stage and before severe adhesions develop, more effective treatments leading to better prognosis could be under taken. In the course of accurate and timely diagnosis of these diseases, acute phase proteins of the affected animals were evaluated. For this purpose, blood samples were taken form jugular vein of 25 Holstein cows in which the presence of disease clinically and confirmed with laparatomy and their sera separated. Blood sample were also collected from 20 healthy cows as the control group. After preparing serum sample, total protein haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and ceruloplasmin were measured in both groups. Total protein was determined by the Biuret method, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A by ELISA and ceruloplasmin through determination of the oxidative activity. Statistical analysis indicated significant difference in the amounts of total protein, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A between the two groups (p<0.05) but there was no significant difference in the amount of ceruloplasmin. This study demonstrated that was of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A could be beneficial n the diagnosis of bovine traumatic reticuloperitonitis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Evaluation of serumic Uric acid,Total Protein, Albumin, Calcium and Phosphorus levels in laying hens afflicted by the gout syndrome
بهرام Amouoghli Tabrizi حسین Nikpiran SH HalabiGout syndrome is accounted for one of the prevalent causes of mortality in poultry farms. Gout is recognized by deposition of urates in kidneys, on serous surfaces of the heart, liver, mesenteries, air sacs and peritoneum. In some cases, these deposits may be observed o MoreGout syndrome is accounted for one of the prevalent causes of mortality in poultry farms. Gout is recognized by deposition of urates in kidneys, on serous surfaces of the heart, liver, mesenteries, air sacs and peritoneum. In some cases, these deposits may be observed on surfaces of muscles, synovial sheaths of tendons and joints, too. These deposits are like chalky coating and appear grossly. Gout could be seen in two forms, articular gout and visceral gout, and it is a disease with numerous causes. The causing factors of the gout are classified in three groups which consist of nutrient and management factors, infectious factors, and toxic factors. For evaluation of biochemical parameters in gout disease, we surveyed and diagnosed in three farms of egg laying poultry breeding (HY-Line) affected to gout syndrome during spring and summer of 1386. In this study, from the above- mentioned poultry farms a number of 20 affected, and 20 healthy chickens (totally 120) were chosen and Blood samples of all animals were collected from wing veins and their sera were harvested by centrifuging and the levels of Uric acid, Total Protein, Albumin, Calcium and Phosphors parameters were measured by diagnostic laboratory kits. After taking blood, they were autopsied, and according to autopsy signs and syndromes, the diagnosis of gout was confirmed. Results of this study showed significant increase on mean serumic Uric acid, Total Protein, Albumin, Calcium and Phosphorus in chickens affected by gout in comparison with the healthy groups(p<0.05). In conclusion, with the measurement of these parameters in the laboratory, one could diagnose the gout syndrome even before the clinical signs become apparent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - The effect of yeast β-glucan on the amount of albumin, globulin, urea and total protein of broiler chickens
ali kargarirezapour somayye ghobadi afshin zakeri Glucans derived from yeast cell wall are promising alternatives to antibiotics, as they have been shown to improve growth performance and stimulate the immune system of immature broilers. In this study we evaluated the effect of different levels of yeast be More Glucans derived from yeast cell wall are promising alternatives to antibiotics, as they have been shown to improve growth performance and stimulate the immune system of immature broilers. In this study we evaluated the effect of different levels of yeast beta-glucan (YBG) on some blood parametrs of broiler chickens. In a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (the first factor: YBG levels: 0, 0.04 and 0.08% of basal diet and sex as a second factor) 144 day old chicks (72 male and 72 female) were selected and allocated to different treatments (three replicates of each treatment). The overall experimental period was 34 days. At the end of study, two birds from each pen were randomly selected as a sample. The level of albumin, globulin, urea and total protein was measured on blood samples. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the YBG had no significant effect on albumin, globulin, urea and total protein level. But the amount of plasma albumin and total protein in female chicks was significantly higher than male chicks (p<0.05). The interaction effect of the two factors was not significant. Therefore, it can be concluded that the mentioned levels of yeast beta-glucan had no significant effect on the studied parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Effect of Protein Corona Formation on Photonic Response of Upconverting Nanoparticles
Nahid Ghazyani Mohammad Hossien Majles Ara -
Open Access Article
162 - Investigating and comparing the body composition of non-elite mountain and road cyclists in Shiraz city
mohammadreza Roshanrooz Zahra Mosallanezhad Seyyed Ali HosseiniIntroduction: Studies show that body composition depends on the nature of sports and athletes of different fields probably have different body composition. Considering the need to know this physiological characteristic in different fields of cycling and introducing them MoreIntroduction: Studies show that body composition depends on the nature of sports and athletes of different fields probably have different body composition. Considering the need to know this physiological characteristic in different fields of cycling and introducing them to athletes interested in this field; The aim of present study was investigating and comparing the body composition of mountain range and non-elite road cyclists in Shiraz city.Methods: In this practical and semi-experimental study, 20 road cyclists and 20 mountain cyclists (age 18-24) were selected as a statistical sample. Protein mass, mineral mass, soft lean mass and body fat percentage of the subjects were evaluated using the BOCA X1 Body Composition device made in South Korea. Kalmogorov-Smirnov and Independent sample t tests were used to analyze the data. Findings: There was no significant difference in protein mass (P=0.21), mineral mass (P=0.23) and soft lean mass (P=0.96) in road and mountain cyclists; However, the percentage of body fat of road cyclists was significantly lower than road cyclists (P=0.013).Conclusion: It seems that the two types of cycling have the same effect on body composition, but road cyclists had a lower body fat percentage than mountain cyclists; Due to the limitations such as lack of assessment of diet, aerobic capacity and heart function, more studies are needed in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - The effect of aerobic exercise and curcumin on plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein in diabetic rats
Morteza Ebrahimzadeh Kamal Azizbeigi Khalid Mohammad Zadeh Salamat Saman PashaieBackground and Aim: Previous studies have shown the positive effect of aerobic exercise and curcumin on various variables in diabetes. Also, the combination of these interventions may have a synergistic effect on research variables. The present study investigates the in MoreBackground and Aim: Previous studies have shown the positive effect of aerobic exercise and curcumin on various variables in diabetes. Also, the combination of these interventions may have a synergistic effect on research variables. The present study investigates the independent and combined effect of aerobic exercise and curcumin supplementation on plasma C-reactive protein concentration in diabetic rats.Methods: Forty male rats were equally divided into healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic exercise, diabetic curcumin and diabetic curcumin + exercise. Aerobic exercise (five sessions / week, each session 30 minutes at a speed of 22 meters / minute, slope: five percent) and supplementation (30 mg / kg body weight, three days / week) were performed for eight weeks. Rats were sacrificed 48 hours after receiving the last intervention.Results: Diabetes increased the concentration of plasma C-reactive protein (P = 0.001). Exercise decreased plasma C-reactive protein concentration (P = 0.001) in diabetic rats. Curcumin also reduced plasma C-reactive protein (P = 0.001) in diabetic rats. The combination of exercise and supplementation had a greater effect on reducing the plasma C-reactive protein concentration than mono / supplementation alone (P <0.001).Conclusion: Exercise and curcumin separately reduced plasma C-reactive protein concentration in diabetic rats. It also seems that the use of a combination of exercise and curcumin than the use of each alone, has been more effective on the variables of the present study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Identifying the Criteria to Evaluate and Rank the Suppliers by Using Fuzzy TOPSIS Technique: Case Study of Pabas Protein Food Industries
E. Roghanian A. Sheykhian E. Seyad Abendabkeshi -
Open Access Article
165 - Effects of humic acid and mycorrhiza on morphological characteristics and nutrients concentration of red bean (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Mojtaba Yousefi Rad Abolfazl Masomi ZavarianIn order to investigate the effect of interaction of mycorrhiza and humic acid on morphological characteristics, seed protein percentage, and nutrients concentration of red beans, an experiment was conducted as factorial randomized complete block design in three replica MoreIn order to investigate the effect of interaction of mycorrhiza and humic acid on morphological characteristics, seed protein percentage, and nutrients concentration of red beans, an experiment was conducted as factorial randomized complete block design in three replications. Research factors included mycorrhiza at three levels of control, Glomus intraradice, Glomus mossea, and also foliar application of humic acid at three levels of control, 15, and 30 mg/l. The experiment was conducted as pot and under normal and uncontrolled conditions. Measured traits included plant height, root length, number of plant pods, number of seeds in each pod, 100 seeds weight, seed protein, and nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of leaves. Application of mycorrhiza and humic acid increased measured traits except for the number of seeds in each pod and 100 seeds weight. There was no significant difference between the two strains and also levels of 15 and 30 mg/l humic acid in the studied traits. Generally, foliar application of 15 mg/l humic acid in the presence of mycorrhiza was more effective than other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Effects of methanol spraying on some biochemical and physiological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.) under drought stress
Behzad Amraei Farzad Paknejad Mohammadali Ebrahimi Hamid SobhanianIn order to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and drought stress on some biochemical properties of soybean (Glaycine max L.), a pot experiment was done in farm environment. The experiments were done in factorial form based on a completely random d MoreIn order to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and drought stress on some biochemical properties of soybean (Glaycine max L.), a pot experiment was done in farm environment. The experiments were done in factorial form based on a completely random design with 3 repetitions. Treatments included three irrigation levels of normal (irrigation after 40% depletion of available soil moisture), average stress (irrigation after 60% depletion of available soil moisture), and severe stress (irrigation after 70% depletion of available soil moisture) as the main factor and levels of methanol in the form of foliar application including control solutions (foliar application without use of methanol) and solutions of 14.7% and 21% of methanol as secondary factor. Results obtained from the study showed that there were significant differences between various levels of methanol in content of chlorophyll and carotenoid compounds, relative water content, phenolic compounds, total protein content, proline, and leaf peroxide hydrogen in (P≤0.01). With the application of stress from mild to severe, application of 14% methanol showed more pronounced effects on total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Moreover, under mild and severe stress conditions, with application of the highest value of methanol, production of peroxide hydrogen reached lowest level and the content of phenolic compounds increased with the increased application of methanol from 7% to 14%. According to the obtained results, with application of 14% methanol, more increase was observed in the efficiency of proline under severe stress conditions. Increasing the volume of methanol from 7 to 14%, the relative water content was preserved under stress conditions. For protein, with increased drought stress, the effect of application of 14% methanol was the same in comparison with 21% methanol. Therefore, according to the obtained results, it is concluded that methanol could improve plant resistance against drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Study of phytochemical compounds of Lactuca serriola L. (case study of the fields of Vamenan village in Azadshar)
Ebrahim Gholamalipour Alamdari Maral Iri Javad Bayat Kohsar zeinab avarsejiThis experiment was carried out to analyze some primary and secondary compounds in various organs of Lactuca serriola during phenological vegetative growth stage. After collecting aerial parts of L. Serriola from the farms in Vamenan village in Azadshar, various organs MoreThis experiment was carried out to analyze some primary and secondary compounds in various organs of Lactuca serriola during phenological vegetative growth stage. After collecting aerial parts of L. Serriola from the farms in Vamenan village in Azadshar, various organs such as root, stem, and leaf were dried and powdered separately. Also, mixed organs were considered as another treatment for comparison. Then various organs of L. serriola and a mixture of them were analyzed qualitatively for primary metabolites like organic matter, raw ash, protein, proline, starch and soluble sugar as well as membrane stability index and some secondary metabolites like total phenols and anthocyanin. Results showed that various organs of L. serriola had a various content of primary and secondary metabolites as well membrane stability index. On the basis of the findings, the highest and lowest contents of organic matter and raw ash were obtained in leaf, respectively. The highest content of protein, starch and compatibility osmotic of soluble sugar and proline also were found in the leaf organ. The highest content of total phenols and anthocyanin were obtained in leaf showing a positive and significant correlation with membrane stability index. Regarding the high biomass generated from L. serriola, it is suggested to analyze the other chemical compounds in this plant. Complimentary studies are required to exploit the application of these compounds as bio herbicide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Evaluation of the effect of foliar and soil application of zinc and silicon nanoparticles on some physiological traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
norollah kheyri Hossein Ajam Norouzi Hamid Reza Mobasser Benjamin TorabiTo evaluate the effect of various application methods of zinc (Zn) and silicon (Si) on some physiological traits of rice (cv. Tarom Hashemi), a field experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with 16 treatments and three replicati MoreTo evaluate the effect of various application methods of zinc (Zn) and silicon (Si) on some physiological traits of rice (cv. Tarom Hashemi), a field experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with 16 treatments and three replications in Nour in 2016. The experimental treatments included T1: Control, T2: Calcium silicate soil application, T3: Zinc sulfate soil application, T4: Calcium silicate + Zinc sulfate, T5: Nano-Si foliar application, T6: Nano-Si + Calcium silicate, T7: Nano-Si + Zinc sulfate, T8: Nano-Si + Calcium silicate + Zinc sulfate, T9: Nano-Zn oxide foliar application, T10: Nano-Zn oxide + Calcium silicate, T11: Nano-Zn oxide + Zinc sulfate, T12: Nano-Zn oxide + Calcium silicate + Zinc sulfate, T13: Nano-Si + Nano-Zn oxide, T14: Nano-Si + Nano-Zn oxide + Calcium silicate, T15: Nano-Si + Nano-Zn oxide + Zinc sulfate and T16: Nano-Si + Nano-Zn oxide + Calcium silicate + Zinc sulfate. Results showed that straw protein, zinc and silicon in grain and straw were affected by experimental treatments, but the evaluated treatments showed no significant effect on grain protein and chlorophyll content of flag leaf. Among evaluated treatments, the combined application of silicon and zinc improved nutrient absorption compared to separate application of each element and control. This indicates the aggregation of Zn and Si compounds and their synergistic effects. Combined application of silicon and zinc by both methods of NP foliar application and soil application (T16) improved nutrients uptake in grain and straw of rice, but among the methods used, the NP foliar application had a more positive effects in improving physiological characteristics of rice plants than the treatments of soil application of elements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - The simultaneous effect of seed quality, plant density, and nitrogen fertilizer on physiological and yield characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
H. Ajamnorozi M.R. Dadashi A. Faraji H. Mosanaiey M. PessarakliIn order to study the effect of seed aging, plant density, and nitrogen fertilization on physiological and yield characteristics of wheat, an experiment was performed as a split plot based on RCBD with four replications in 2015-2016. Experimental factors were three leve MoreIn order to study the effect of seed aging, plant density, and nitrogen fertilization on physiological and yield characteristics of wheat, an experiment was performed as a split plot based on RCBD with four replications in 2015-2016. Experimental factors were three levels of nitrogen in recommended amount, 15 and 30 percent more than the recommended amount (125, 143.75, and 162.5 kgN.ha-1, respectively) and plant density at two levels, namely 350 and 420 plants per square meter which were the main plots and seed quality at four levels including control, 15, 30, and 45 hours of accelerated aging was subplots. Grain yield, protein and starch performance were significant under the triple effects of seed quality, planting density, and nitrogen fertilizer. With increasing levels of seed aging significant reduction were observed in all traits (except grain protein and nitrogen percentage). Application of nitrogen fertilizer 30 percent more than the recommended dose, as well as plant density of 420 plants per square meter significantly increased grain protein and nitrogen percentage. The highest average protein yield was achieved in the combined treatment of 350 plant square meters at 30-hour aging level and nitrogen fertilizer at 15 percent more than the recommended dose and also in combined treatment of 420 plant square meters, 45-hour aging level, and the nitrogen level 30 percent more than the recommended dose. Generally, seed deterioration reduced its quantitative and qualitative characteristics but more nitrogen fertilizer improved quality traits, thereby improving the quality loss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Phytochemical analysis of various organs of Rheum ribes weed at the phonological stage of flowering (Case study: heights of Karizak Village of Kashmar)
ابراهیم Gholamalipour Alamdari فاطمه Makari جواد Bayat KohsarAn experiment was conducted for phytochemical analysis of the compounds of Rheum ribes weedat the phonological stage of flowering in Weed Science Laboratory of Gonbad-e Qabus University in 2015. Plant samples of Rheum ribes were collected from heights of Karizak Village MoreAn experiment was conducted for phytochemical analysis of the compounds of Rheum ribes weedat the phonological stage of flowering in Weed Science Laboratory of Gonbad-e Qabus University in 2015. Plant samples of Rheum ribes were collected from heights of Karizak Village of Kashmar. After identifying the Rheum species, various organs of stem, leaf, and inflorescence were separated from each other, dried and finally powdered. Chemical compounds like the organic matter, ash, crud protein, ADF, NDF, starch, soluble carbohydrates, and total phenols contents of the organs under study and a combination of organs were measured using the standardized phytochemical methods. Results of the variance analysis showed that there were significant differences in the phytochemical traits among various organs of Rheum ribes. Findings suggest that the highest percentage of organic matter, ash, crud protein, NDF, and ADF were obtained in the inflorescence, both the stem and leaf, leaf and inflorescence, and stem and inflorescence, respectively. The study also recorded the highest levels of total phenols in both in floresvence and combination of the organs while the lowest phenols contents were observed in the stem. Results generally showed variations in the content of phytochemical compounds under study in Rheum ribes organs. Therefore, regarding high productivity of Rheum ribes biomass and the role of phenolic compounds as well as suitable content of some primary metabolites, optimization of suitable method to extract these compounds is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Evaluation of the effects of air pollution on some physiological parameters of Pyracantha crenulata var. kansuensis in clean and contaminated areas of Tehran
طاهره Zafarim Maryam Bikhof Torbati Farhang Moraghebi Roya RazavizadehAir pollution has different effects on living organisms. Since plants facing different environmental conditions cannot move, they are forced to cope with difficult conditions and withstand a series of physiological and morphological changes. This study was done to inves MoreAir pollution has different effects on living organisms. Since plants facing different environmental conditions cannot move, they are forced to cope with difficult conditions and withstand a series of physiological and morphological changes. This study was done to investigate the effects of air pollution on some physiological indices of P. kansuensis plant. These indicators included chlorophyll pigments, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and protein content. The results showed that chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and proteins in the contaminated area as compared with the clean area increased significantly. But anthocyanin content in the clean area did not change significantly compared to the contaminated area. Also, analysis of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the polluted regions showed a significant increase in comparison with the clean regions. Therefore, air pollution in Tehran can have adverse effects on photosynthetic efficiency of plants and air purification. functions of the plants which are one of the goals of the green spaces in major cities in addition to the beauty of urban space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Physiological responses and anti-oxidative activities in flag leaves and spicules of wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress
Parisa Sharifi Nayer MohammadkhaniThis study was carried out for evaluation of the effects of drought stress after anthesis on agronomic characteristics and some physiological responses of flag leaves and spicules of different wheat genotypes using a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block d MoreThis study was carried out for evaluation of the effects of drought stress after anthesis on agronomic characteristics and some physiological responses of flag leaves and spicules of different wheat genotypes using a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with two factors (irrigation and wheat genotypes) and three replicates. Two levels of irrigation involving control (full irrigated under water farming conditions) and drought stress (irrigation cut after anthesis until the end of growth period) as the first factor and different wheat genotypes (TEVEE'S'//CROW/VEE'S and Shark: drought sensitive, Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 and Sabalan: semi tolerant, Sardari HR-86 and Dogu88/Ghafghaz 7: tolerant to drought stress) as the second factor were considered and agronomic and physiological characters were measured. Drought stress decreased grain yield through decreasing 1000 grains weight. Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 semi tolerant genotype showed the highest and Shark genotype showed the lowest grain yields. Results showed that soluble protein content increased in flag leaves and spicules under stress compared to control. Sardari HR-86 and Shark genotypes showed the highest and lowest soluble protein content in flag leaves, respectively. The highest and lowest soluble protein contents in spicules were observed in Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 and Shark genotypes, respectively. The study also showed that peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes activities increased under drought. The highest enzyme activity was observed in flag leaves of Sardari HR-86 tolerant genotype and in spicules of Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 semi tolerant genotype in the last step of sampling. Also, sensitive genotypes showed the lowest enzyme activities. Based on the obtained results it seems that in Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 semi tolerant genotype, activation defense system of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes had a key role in improving tolerance to drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Effect of various biological, chemical, and integrated fertilization systems on growth, yield, and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
sima abyar barat ali fakheri hosein gorgini nafiseh mahdi nezhad Maryam Harati RadIn order to investigate the effects of biological, chemical, and integrated fertilizers on growth, yield, and yield components of sunflowers, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station o MoreIn order to investigate the effects of biological, chemical, and integrated fertilizers on growth, yield, and yield components of sunflowers, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station of Zabol University in the growing season 2014-15. The experiment consisted of 13 treatments including NPK, biophosphorus, biophosphorus + 25% NPK, biophosphorus + 50% NPK, biophosphorus + 100% NPK, nitroxin, nitroxin + 25% NPK, nitroxin + 50% NPK, nitroxin + 100% NPK, biophosphorus + nitroxin, biophosphorus + nitroxin + 25% NPK, biophosphorus + nitroxin + 50%NPK and biophosphorus + nitroxin + 100%NPK. The results showed that the effect of different treatments of chemical, biological, and integrated fertilizers were significant on most of the studied traits except the number of leaves, flowering date, and the number of florets per head. The highest mean in most of the studied traits belonged to the nitroxin + biophosphorus + 100% NPK treatment which was not significantly different from the nitroxin + biophosphorus + 50% NPK integrated treatment. The results of this study showed that combined application of nitroxin + biophosphorus + 50% NPK in comparison with the integrated treatment of nitroxin + biophosphorus + 100% NPK in addition to reducing 50% of chemical fertilizers application can also produce optimal yield. According to the obtained results, the application of 50% of the recommended amount of chemical fertilizers in combination with the nitroxin and biophosphorus biofertilizers can be recommended for obtaining the maximum quality and quantity yield of sunflower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Effect of the growth retardant chlormequat chloride (CCC) and different levels of nitrogen on some physiological and biochemical characteristics and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar makuyi
Ahmad Afkari Mitra AbbasiTo study the effects of different concentrations of chlormequat chloride and different levels of nitrogen on some physiological and biochemical characteristics and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar makuyi a factorial randomized complete block design was used MoreTo study the effects of different concentrations of chlormequat chloride and different levels of nitrogen on some physiological and biochemical characteristics and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar makuyi a factorial randomized complete block design was used with 4 replications in spring 2015. Treatments included chlormequat chloride concentrations (0, 500, 1,000, and 1500 mg/ha) and nitrogen at 3 levels (50, 100, and 150 kg/ha). Results suggest a significant difference between interaction effects of chlormequat chloride and nitrogen fertilizer on chlorophyll content, relative water content, yield and protein percentage, and activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes at 1% probability level and in the number of seeds per spike, 1000 seed weight, and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity at 5% probability level. An increase in the consumption of nitrogen fertilizer decreased the relative water content of leaves due to reduced leaf water potential. Chlormequat chloride by transferring sufficient photosynthetic material to the seeds played an important role in their filling and increased seed weight. Also, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes were decreased by increasing the consumption of chlormequat chloride concentration and nitrogen uptake. In general, through applying 1500 mg/ha chlormequat chloride and 150 kg/ha nitrogen, the highest chlorophyll content, relative water content, yield components, yield, and protein percent were obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Effect of amount of sugarcane compost and nitrogen on quantitative and qualitative yield of corn (Zea mays L.)
Seyed Keyvan Marashi Forogh ZadehomidiConsidering the production of sugarcane compost in some sugarcane companies and the need for using these products as organic fertilizers to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different amounts of su MoreConsidering the production of sugarcane compost in some sugarcane companies and the need for using these products as organic fertilizers to reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different amounts of sugarcane compost and nitrogen fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative yield of corn. In this study, split plots were used in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of different amounts of sugarcane compost at three levels of 0, 15, and 30 ton/ha as main plots and nitrogen fertilizer from urea source at three levels of 80, 160, and 240 kg/ha nitrogen as sub plots. Results showed that the effect of sugarcane compost and nitrogen on number of rows per ear, number of seeds per ear, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, and protein yield were significant but the effect of interaction between treatments on all traits were not significant. The maximum grain yield and protein yield were obtaied under 30 ton/ha sugar cane compost and 240 kg/ha nitrogen and the minimum grain yield and protein yield were in non-consuming sugarcane compost and 80 kg/ha nitrogen. In general, the results of experiment showed that increasing the application of sugarcane compost and nitrogen up to 30 ton/ha and 240 kg/ha, had a significant effect on quantitative and qualitative yield of corn and can be considered by farmers and researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Study of protein pattern, antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of cadmium in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) treated with cadmium and salicylic acid
Sakineh MoradkhaniIn order to investigate the interaction effects of cadmium as a heavy metal and salicylic acid as an antioxidant and anti-stress substance on sunflower plants, sunflower seeds were washed with distilled water after disinfection with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and w MoreIn order to investigate the interaction effects of cadmium as a heavy metal and salicylic acid as an antioxidant and anti-stress substance on sunflower plants, sunflower seeds were washed with distilled water after disinfection with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and were planted in pots containing sandy soil in a growth chamber with a temperature of 34 ℃ during the day and 25 ℃ at night, and 16/8 hours of light/dark photoperiod. This research was performed as a factorial completely randomized design with four replications under greenhouse conditions. Sunflower plants were exposed to cadmium chloride treatment (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 µM) at two-leaf stage on a weekly basis. One week after cadmium treatment, plant leaves were sprayed with salicylic acid (0, 250 and 500 µM). After harvesting the plants, cadmium concentrations in roots and shoots were measured. Then, antioxidant enzymes were assayed. Total protein content of leaf samples was extracted and the pattern of leaf protein changes was investigated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Cadmium concentration in roots and shoots increased with increasing cadmium and salicylic acid treatment. Catalase enzyme activity decreased with increasing cadmium concentration, and salicylic acid had a very small effect on its activity. The activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase enzymes increased with increasing cadmium concentration while increasing salicylic acid concentration reduced the activity of these enzymes. Leaf protein electrophoresis under cadmium and salicylic acid treatments showed differences in leaf protein intensity compared with control plants. The expression of some proteins was increased or decreased in the treated plants. Therefore, cadmium and salicylic acid treatments made changes in the amount of cadmium uptake, antioxidant enzymes activity, and the pattern of sunflower leaf proteins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - The effect of drought stress management by hormones and zinc on forage yield of Zea Mays L. 704 in Isfahan Province
Morteza Sam Deliri Morteza Moballeghi Sanaz Solymanpour Amir Abbas Mousavi MirkalaeiIn order to study the morphological traits and yield of maize 704 SC under the influence of spraying with growth regulators and drought stress conditions in Isfahan, an experiment was conducted for two years based on the split plot design with 3 replications. The main t MoreIn order to study the morphological traits and yield of maize 704 SC under the influence of spraying with growth regulators and drought stress conditions in Isfahan, an experiment was conducted for two years based on the split plot design with 3 replications. The main treatment included drought stress at three levels of control (irrigation based on 100% water requirement of corn), mild stress (based on 85% of the plant's water requirement), and severe stress (based on 70% of the plant's water requirement). The second treatment included spraying with distilled water as control, abscisic acid (100 mM), gibberellin (100 ppm), salicylic acid (5 mM), and Nano-zinc (2 gl-1 water). The results of this experiment showed that the effect of year on biological yield, crude protein, and forage yield were significant. Also, the effect of drought stress and spraying on leaf area index, chlorophyll index, biological yield, crude protein, and forage yield were significant. Also, the effect of drought stress and spraying on leaf area index, chlorophyll index, biological yield, crude protein and forage yield were significant. The highest forage yield (90.44 t ha-1) was obtained under the complete irrigation with salicylic acid treatment. Salicylic acid treatment resulted in higher forage yield under the complete irrigation conditions. Salicylic acid treatment also reduced the damage of mild and severe stress treatments by 27 and 9%, respectively. According to the results of the experiment and CGR, using salicylic acid treatment during three foliar application periods at eight-leaf, before tassel emergence, and at the milky stage was able to reduce drought stress and is recommended for conditions similar to the present experiment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Evaluation and comparison of ten ecotypes of Teucrium polium L. in tolerance to drought stress
Zahra Tohidi Hamid Sobhanian amin baghizadehMedicinal plants, as important agricultural products, can be considered as the greatest national wealth for any country because of their vital role in promoting national goals for health and also as genetic treasures. Having a diversity of climates, Iran has a great var MoreMedicinal plants, as important agricultural products, can be considered as the greatest national wealth for any country because of their vital role in promoting national goals for health and also as genetic treasures. Having a diversity of climates, Iran has a great variety of medicinal plants. Detecting the growth status of medicinal plants under drought stress conditions can lead to the cultivation of resistant plants in dry or semidry areas. In the present study, we investigated the morphological and physiological responses of ten ecotypes of the medicinal plant Teucrium polium L. native to southeastern Iran under drought stress. For this purpose, a factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. In this experiment, moisture treatments of 100, 70, and 40% of field capacity were applied. Analysis of the data showed that the morphological traits under study including stem length and fresh and dry weight of shoots decreased by 5% with increasing drought stress. Drought stress also increased root length, proline content, and phenolic compounds while decreasing chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and protein contents. The highest resistance to stress was shown by ecotypes growing in Sarcheshmeh and Kuhpayeh regions and the lowest resistance was shown by plants in Shahdad and Anbarabad regions. The results of the study indicated the relative resistance of this plant to drought stress. Therefore, it is a very suitable medicinal plant for cultivation in dry and low water areas of Iran. Among the studied ecotypes, the plants of Sarcheshmeh and Kuhpayeh regions responded 40% better to drought stress conditions and cultivation of these ecotypes in stressed areas can be recommended with more confidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Investigation of the effect of plant density and humic acid on paddy yield, water use efficiency, and biochemical traits of direct-seeded rice cultivation (Oryza sativa L.) in northern Iran
Manizhe Kalteh Hossein Ajam Norouzi Abolfazl Faraji Abdol Aziz Haghighi Ebrahim Gholamalipour AlamdariThe transition from transplanting rice cultivation to direct-seeding rice cultivation has recently begun in Iran, especially in Golestan province. No information is yet available on the effect of humic acid and plant density on paddy yield and some of its biochemical tr MoreThe transition from transplanting rice cultivation to direct-seeding rice cultivation has recently begun in Iran, especially in Golestan province. No information is yet available on the effect of humic acid and plant density on paddy yield and some of its biochemical traits. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in a research farm located in Gonbad city during May to September 2019 in the form of split plot-factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Plant density (plant spacing per row) was considered as the main factor with 4 levels (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm) and humic acid consumption at 2 levels (humic acid consumption, no humic acid consumption) was considered as subplots. Humic acid fertilizer with a concentration of 250 ml per hectare was added in three stages including tillering (4-6 leaves), stalking (20-30 days after tillering), and before panicle initiation. Results showed that the effects of plant spacing on row and humic acid application on 1000-seed weight, paddy yield, biological yield, harvest index, grain protein, water use efficiency, and chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll were significant. Considering 5 and 10 cm plant spacing on rows along with humic acid application had the highest rice yield and water use efficiency. Also, chlorophyll content showed a significant change with increasing plant density and application of humic acid with a significant increase in chlorophyll a and b, which in turn was effective in increasing paddy yield. Rice protein also showed the highest level in 10 cm spacing between plants on each row along with the application of humic acid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - The effect of sulfur fertilizers in intensifying or modulating the stressful effects of NPK fertilizer on the ornamental-medicinal plant Euphorbia tirucalli L. in potted conditions
Raheleh Farnia Aryan Sateei Mehdi Ebadi Mazeyar Ahmadi GolsefidiThe present study investigates the effect of sulfur fertilizer on Euphorbia tirucalli L. in pot culture conditions. Plants were cultivated under 10 NPK treatments with sulfur fertilizers (granular or bentonite, with or without thiobacillus and ammonium sulfate each in t MoreThe present study investigates the effect of sulfur fertilizer on Euphorbia tirucalli L. in pot culture conditions. Plants were cultivated under 10 NPK treatments with sulfur fertilizers (granular or bentonite, with or without thiobacillus and ammonium sulfate each in two concentrations) and one NPK treatment without sulfur, compared with the control in randomized complete blocks for 4 months. Growth parameters including dry and fresh weight of plants, roots, shoots and the ratio of fresh or dry weight of roots to plants as well as protein, chlorophyll, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur content in roots or shoots were measured. NPK fertilizer did not increase phosphorus and potassium uptake but decreased root growth. Addition of sulfur fertilizers except for bentonite sulfur with a concentration of 0.8 g per 80 cm2 of soil with Thiobacillus commercial liquid fertilizer, 250 ml / l, had no effect on recovering the negative effects of NPK and even in most treatments, shoot dry weight and fresh weight decreased. Ammonium sulfate showed the most negative effect on growth parameters. Also, some sulfur treatments had a positive effect on increasing the amount of shoot protein. Chlorophyll a, b and total levels did not show a significant difference between treatments. The effect of sulfur fertilizer on soil pH was different and higher concentration of granular sulfur fertilizer containing Thiobacillus caused a more severe drop. None of the sulfur treatments increased the phosphorus of the shoot and even some treatments had a negative effect on the phosphorus content of the roots as well as the potassium content of the roots and shoots. Only in the treatment of granular sulfur fertilizer with Thiobacillus at lower concentrations, root potassium content increased. Negative effects of sulfur fertilizers were not due to increased sulfur uptake, because the sulfur content changes between treatments were not significantly different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Effects of Mycorrhizae and nano Fe-Zn oxide on nodulation and quantitative and qualitative yield of rain fed lentil (Lens culinaris L.)
Ravanbakhsh Aghahei Raouf Seyed sharifi Hamed NarimaniIn order to study the effects of mycorrhizae and foliar application of nano Fe and Zn oxides on nodulation and quantitative and qualitative yield of lentil under rain fed conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with thr MoreIn order to study the effects of mycorrhizae and foliar application of nano Fe and Zn oxides on nodulation and quantitative and qualitative yield of lentil under rain fed conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in a farm at Zardalo village, Ardabil province during 2017-2018. Treatments included foliar application of nano Fe and Zn oxides at four levels (foliar application with water as control, foliar application of nano iron oxide (0.6 gL-1), nano zinc oxide (0.6 gL-1), combined foliar application of nano Fe and Zn oxides (0.3 g L-1 each), and application of mycorrhiza at four levels (no application of mycorrhiza as control, application of Mycorrhizae mosseae, Mycorrhiza intraradices, and combined application of Mycorrhiza intraradices with mycorrhiza mosseae). Means comparison showed that foliar application of nano Fe-Zn oxides as well as combined application of mycorrhizal mosseae and intraradices increased number of active nodules per plant, percentage of active nodules per plant, 100 grain weight, and grain yield by 173.2, 93.08, 36.58, and 58.34% respectively in comparison with no foliar application of nano Fe-Zn oxide and no application of mycorrhiza. Also, combined foliar application of nano Fe-Zn oxide along with mycorrhiza mosseae and intraradices increased respectively the number of grains per pod, number of pods per plant, dry weight of root, zinc content of grains, and protein contentof grains increased by 42.14, 95.17, 12o, 58.2, and 47.55%, respectively in comparison with no application of mycorrhiza and nano Fe-Zn oxide. It seems that foliar application of nano Fe-Zn oxide and mycorrhiza application owing to improving some morphophysiological traits can be considered as a proper method for increasing quantitative and qualitative yield and mitigating the effects of water deficit in rain fed conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Response of yield and some physiological traits of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to interaction effect of different levels of sulfur and zinc
Ziba Shokri majid ashouri Hamidreza Dorodian Naser Mohammadian Roshan Seyed Mostafa SadeghiPeanut is one of the most important plants in the legume family and are rich in oil and protein. In order to investigate the effect of different levels of sulfur fertilizer (S) and foliar application of zinc (Zn) on the yield and concentration of oil and protein, a fact MorePeanut is one of the most important plants in the legume family and are rich in oil and protein. In order to investigate the effect of different levels of sulfur fertilizer (S) and foliar application of zinc (Zn) on the yield and concentration of oil and protein, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications for two year (2019 and 2020) at Astana-Ashrafieh city, Gilan province. The studied factors were included S fertilizer (from gypsum source) at four levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1) and Zn fertilizer (from zinc chelate source) at three levels (0, 1000 and 2000 ppm). The results showed that the interaction of S and Zn fertilizers had a significant effect on pod yield, grain yield, number of grains and pods, protein and oil concentration. Mean comparison of the studied traits also showed the highest pod yield (156 g plant-1) in the treatment of 40 kg S + 1000 ppm Zn, while the highest grain yield (92.3 g plant-1) in the treatment of 60 kg S + 2000 ppm Zn was obtained. The highest weight of 100 grains (1283.6 g) belonged to the treatment of non-using of S + 1000 ppm Zn. The highest protein concentration (17.94%) was observed from treatment of non-using of S + 2000 ppm Zn, and oil concentration (46.09%) in sulfur fertilizer treatment of 60 kg S + 1000 ppm Zn. Based on the results of this experiment, it can be stated that the simultaneous application of sulfur fertilizer and zinc foliar application significantly increases grain yield and improves yield-related traits in the peanut and it can be recommended for the climatic conditions of Gilan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Investigation of the effects of plant density and planting date on quantitative and qualitative yield of forage mustard under normal and saline conditions
Hasan Amiei Hossain Ajam norouzi Mohamad Taghi Feyzbakhsh Mohammad Reza DadashiIn order to investigate the effects of soil salinity, plant density, and planting date on quantitative and qualitative yield of mustard forage, an experiment was conducted in 2016 at Gorgan Nemoone Farm Research Station as a split-split plot in a randomized complete blo MoreIn order to investigate the effects of soil salinity, plant density, and planting date on quantitative and qualitative yield of mustard forage, an experiment was conducted in 2016 at Gorgan Nemoone Farm Research Station as a split-split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor of soil salinity (2 and 10 dS/m), sub-factor of planting date (6 November, 21 November, 6 December, 21 December, and 5 January), and sub sub-factor of plant density at three levels (208000, 277000, and 416000 plants per hectare) were considered. Results showed the interactions of environment × planting date on all studied traits including fresh weight, dry weight, percentage of leaf protein, percentage of stem protein, percentage of pod protein, percentage of total protein, protein yield, percentage of leaf fibers, percentage of stem fibers, percentage of pod fibers, percentage of total fibers, fiber yield, and leaf proline concentration were significant. The interaction effect of environment × planting density was also significant on all characteristics under study except for leaf protein percentage and leaf proline concentration. Moreover, the interaction effect of planting date and planting density was significant on all characteristics under study except for stem protein percentage and leaf proline concentration. Generally, it is concluded that the cultivation of forage mustard on November 6 and with planting density of 208,000 plants per hectare produces the highest fresh and dry weight of forage and protein yield, as well as the lowest amount of fiber. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Effect of flavobacterium, vermicompost, and humic acid on current photosynthesis, dry matter translocation, and grain yield of Triticosecale Wittma L. under salinity stress conditions
sara mohammadi kalesar lou Raouf Seyed sharifi Hamed Narimani Zhila NazariA factorial experiment was conducted on Triticosecale Wittma L. based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil during 2020. Experimental fact MoreA factorial experiment was conducted on Triticosecale Wittma L. based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil during 2020. Experimental factors included salinity levels (non-application of salinity as control and soil salinity of 50 and 100 mM NaCl), and bio-fertilizers (no application of bio-fertilizers as control, application of vermicompost, flavobacterium, vermicompost + flavobacterium + humic acid (foliar application with water as control and foliar application of 2 g.L-1 humic acid). Results showed that the highest leaf area index, root weight and volume, and leaf protein content were recorded in combined applications of vermicompost + flavobacterium + foliar application of humic acid under non-salinity conditions. Also, combined application of vermicompost + flavobacterium + foliar humic acid under non-salinity conditions decreased dry matter translocation from stem, shoot, and its contribution to grain yield by 31.97, 40.8, and 138.84% respectively while increasing grain yield, current photosynthesis, and contribution of current photosynthesis in grain yield by 69.56, 151.44, and 48.3%, respectively compared to no application of bio-fertilizers and humic acid under 100 mM soil salinity. Based on the results, it seems that the application of bio-fertilizers and humic acid can increase current photosynthesis and its contribution in grain yield of triticale by improving leaf area index, root weight, and volume. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Effects of cycocel and micronutrients on yield, physiological traits, and antioxidant activity of maize (Zea mayz L.) in low irrigation conditions at the end of the season
Seyed Nouradin Ghaffari Alireza Shokuhfar Mani Mojaddam Shahram Lack Aziz AfarineshIn order to investigate the effect of cycocel and micronutrient consumption on yield, physiological traits, and antioxidant content of maize under low irrigation conditions at the end of the season, a split factorial experiment was carried out based on a randomized comp MoreIn order to investigate the effect of cycocel and micronutrient consumption on yield, physiological traits, and antioxidant content of maize under low irrigation conditions at the end of the season, a split factorial experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with four replications in Safiabad Agriculture Research Center in Dezful during two cropping years 2017-18 and 2018-19. The main treatment included water stress with three levels control (without water stress), water stress in female flower formation stage and water stress in grain swelling stage. Also, foliar application of cycocel at three levels of control (no use of cycocel), 442.5 ppm, and 885 ppm and three levels of micronutrient fertilizers, namely control (no fertilizer application), foliar application of 1000 g. ha-1, and foliar application of 1500 g. ha-1 were considered as the sub-factors. Results of the combined ANOVA showed that the interaction of the effects of year, stress, micronutrient, and cycocel on relative water content, proline and grain yield and also the interaction of the effects of stress, micronutrient, and cycocel on hydrogen peroxide, glutathione peroxidase, and soluble proteins were statistically significant (p≤0.01). The results also showed that the highest activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme was obtained under stress conditions at the grain swelling stage, which showed an increase by about 37% compared to the irrigation treatment under optimal conditions. Foliar application of 1500 g. ha-1 micronutrient and 885 ppm cycocel in non-stress conditions increased the average grain yield (11500 kg. ha-1) in the second year by about 85% compared to stressed condition at grain swelling stage and no application of micronutrient and cycocel. In general, to increase grain yield under optimal irrigation conditions and reduce the drop in stress conditions, growth regulators such as cycocel with a concentration of 885 ppm and micronutrient foliar application at 1500 g. ha-1 are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Investigation of the effect of silica spraying and salinity stress on some physiological traits of Camelina sativa oil plant
Ebrahim Fani Shokoofeh HajihashemiIn order to investigate the effects of salinity stress and foliar application of silica on Camelina sativa oil plant, a factorial study was carried out in the growth chamber of the laboratory of the Department of Biology, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology MoreIn order to investigate the effects of salinity stress and foliar application of silica on Camelina sativa oil plant, a factorial study was carried out in the growth chamber of the laboratory of the Department of Biology, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, in 3 replications based on a completely randomized block design. Treatments included salinity stress at two levels (0 and 100 mM NaCl) and potassium silicate solution at two levels (0 and 5 mM). The physiological and biochemical traits of Camelina sativa under salinity stress were evaluated along with the role of osmotic substances such as soluble sugar and soluble protein in reducing the harmful effects of salinity stress. Results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced the amount of chlorophyll a, b, and total in Camelina sativa, while silica treatment significantly reduced the harmful effects of salinity. Soluble sugar content of leaves in response to salinity stress was 46% lower than in the control plant. Salinity stress combined with silica increased the amount of soluble sugar 27% more than the control plant. Results also showed that in the treatment with silica under 100 mM salinity level, the amount of leaf proteins was almost 10% less than the control plants. The results of measuring the plant’s antioxidant capacity of FRAP showed that in response to silica treatment without salinity, no significant difference was observed in the amount of antioxidant capacity of FRAP, while in the combined treatment of salinity stress + silica it decreased by 9% compared with the control plants. The results of this study supports the beneficial role of silica as an environmentally friendly compound to increase plant resistance to salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Somatic embryogenesis from stem segment of Hyoscyamus arachnoideus Pojark. and qualitative and quantitative evaluation of proteins during different stages of it
mahdis Ebrahimzadeh mehlgha Ghorbanli hasan EbrahimzadehThe Hyoscyamus genus has been always regarded because of the therapeutic effects and its contained tropan alkaloids. Utilizing genetic engineering methods for production of plants for production of plant belonging to this genus with higher medical values and propagation MoreThe Hyoscyamus genus has been always regarded because of the therapeutic effects and its contained tropan alkaloids. Utilizing genetic engineering methods for production of plants for production of plant belonging to this genus with higher medical values and propagation of this plant in a fast and cost-effective manner is very important. Somatic embryogenesis is a great help in this field. The aim of the current study is to gain knowledge about mechanism of somatic embryogenesis via protein changes' assessment in different stages of embryo formation. In this study stem culture on MS medium containing BAP and IAA lead to embryogenesis. Quantitative protein evaluation in different stages of embryo development showed changes in protein content. The qualitative evaluation of protein was performed using electrophoresis of two types of polyacryl amide gel in discontinued system (PAGE and SDS-PAGE). Molecular mass of peptide as well as peptide separated bonds were calculated, and it cleared that during embryogenesis different proteins and peptides undergo up-regulation, down-regulation and modulation. In addition, main and fundamental proteins and peptides were known. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - The study of salty stresses (NaCl & CaCl2) and ascorbic acid on physiological charecterestics of Carpobrotus edulis L.
Rezaei M.A S.Z Hosseini, مریم Safaei, فریبا AmirlatifiIn order to study of effects of salinity stress on Ice plant (Carpobrotus edulis L.), three kind of soil with 1, 8 and 12ds/m selected for poted experiments. Before NaCl and CaCl2 treatments and after vegetative generation, ascorbate was treated in two concentrations of MoreIn order to study of effects of salinity stress on Ice plant (Carpobrotus edulis L.), three kind of soil with 1, 8 and 12ds/m selected for poted experiments. Before NaCl and CaCl2 treatments and after vegetative generation, ascorbate was treated in two concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mmol. CaCl2 treatments supplemented as 25 and 50 percent of salt treatment. Results indicated that with increasing of salinity (EC), calcium and ascorbate treatments, Na+, Cl-, Ca+2 and K+ of leaves increased significantly, in comparison with control. CaCl2 and ascorbate treatments have no diminishing effects on salinity stress intensity and Na+ absorption. Plant did not use soluble sugar and proline as an osmolyte for increasing osmotic pressure. Glycine betaine and total protein contents increased with increasing of salinity stress and plant got included among plants with the strategy of production and accumulation of glycine betaine and did not use proline. Suitable need of calcium for amelioration of peroxidase activity for scavenging of reactive oxygen species was different in salinities. Calcium oxalate and raphide morphology and raphide bundles number in cross section of leaves and raphides needles number in volume unit had no specific physiological trend and did not change significantly and was not affected by soil salinity, calcium concentration and ascorbate treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Effects of exogenous glycine betaine on morphophysiological characteristics and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.)
M.A RezaeiSince plants confront to kinds of environment stresses in life cycle, exogenous glycine betaine (EGB) applications on crop plants that unable to synthesis glycine betaine is a possible approach to overcome the environmental limitations. In order to study of different tr MoreSince plants confront to kinds of environment stresses in life cycle, exogenous glycine betaine (EGB) applications on crop plants that unable to synthesis glycine betaine is a possible approach to overcome the environmental limitations. In order to study of different treatments of EGB on physiological and morphological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max var PER and DPX), experiments were performed in field condition as factorial with completely randomized design in four replication. Treatments consist of 0 (as control), 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10kg per hectar EGB in six-leaf and near the flowering stages. During the growth period the amount of chlorophyll and soluble sugar levels in leaves and proline, GB and total protein in leaves and seeds and morphological factors, including number of branches, pods, seed number in pods, thousands seed weight were measured. The results showed that chlorophyll content had no change by application of EGB. Regard to EGB, proline and soluble sugar content not observed significant different in ten foliare stage. All EGB concentrations increased number of lateral branch and number of seeds per pod significantly, but not abserved significant different in number of seed per pod and thousands seed weight. EGB application enhanced yield of soybean by increase in number of lateral branch and number of pod per plant. Increased EGB concentrations enhanced yield of soybean significantly, especially in DPX cultivar by optimum concentration of 7.5, 10 and 5 Kg/hec and 5. Total protein content, germination percent and rate in harvested seeds in different treatments of EGB have no significant different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Comparative analysis of seed proteins in 10 cultivated genotypes (Amygdalus dulcis (L.) Miller) and 2 wild almonds (A. scoparia Spach & A. lycioides Spach) in Esfahan province
مهدی Yousefi,Seed protein analysis was performed among 10 cultivated genotypes (Amygdalus dulcis (L.) Miller genotypes: Moheb Ali, Safari, Yarollahi, Mamaei, Rabee, Kababi, Tageri, Hag Mirzaei, Talkheh and Azar) and 2 wild species of almond (Amygdalus scoparia Spach & A. lycioid MoreSeed protein analysis was performed among 10 cultivated genotypes (Amygdalus dulcis (L.) Miller genotypes: Moheb Ali, Safari, Yarollahi, Mamaei, Rabee, Kababi, Tageri, Hag Mirzaei, Talkheh and Azar) and 2 wild species of almond (Amygdalus scoparia Spach & A. lycioides Spach var. horrida (Spach) Browicz), from Esfahan province, in order to illustrate their interrelationships. All together, 18 protein bands were obtained, some of which were common in all species and cultivated genotypes. Some bands were occurred only in a single cultivated genotype or species, while, some others occurred in all local genotypes, but not in the wild species. The obtained data were analyzed through cluster analysis via UPGMA method and Euclidean distance coefficient, and through Principle Components Analysis (PCA). The results revealed that some local cultivated genotypes were similar, such as a close relationship was detected among the genotypes Safari, Yarollahi and Mamaei, as well as among Tageri, Hag Mirzaei and Kababi. Different patterns of protein bands were also observed between the genotypes and the wild species. As a result, the role of seed protein criteria in the genetic variations among studied genotypes and wild almond was discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Effect of canola allelopathy on growth and biochemical reactions in root and nodule of soybean
مریم Niakan اعظم Ahmadi عباسعلی Norinia Allelochemical compounds inhibit weed growth and have undesirable effects on crop plants that should attended in croprotation. Canola is a allelopathic plant that is cultivated in north of Iran .Soybean is a strategic plant that is planted after canola and be affe More Allelochemical compounds inhibit weed growth and have undesirable effects on crop plants that should attended in croprotation. Canola is a allelopathic plant that is cultivated in north of Iran .Soybean is a strategic plant that is planted after canola and be affected by released compounds of canola residue. In this research effect of different concentrations of aqueous extract of canola (cv Hyolla 401) includes 0(control), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% on growth and some of the organic compounds such as soluble sugars, proline, protein, phenolic compounds in root and nodule of soybean (cv Gorgan 3) after 50 days were studied until their response to canola allelochemicals were evaluated. The results showed that by increasing of canola extract concentration fresh and dry weight soybean root did not change significantly while in nodule increased. Amounts of proline and total protein in soybean root in higher concentrations decreased and in nodule also decreased mostly. By increasing extract concentration of canola phenolic compounds in root increased but in nodule decreased that was significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Some Physiological Responses of Nostoc sp. JAH 109 to the Combination Effects of Limited Irradiance, pH and DIC Availability
shadman Shokravi Fariba Amirlatifi maryam Safaie ن Ghasemi neda SoltaniGrowth, pigment compositions, nitrogenase activity, photosynthesis and heterosyct frequency fluctuations of dominant species Nostoc sp. JAH 109, isolated from rice field, were evaluated in combination of limited irradiance (2 uE.m-2.s-1), different pHs (5,7,9) and inorg MoreGrowth, pigment compositions, nitrogenase activity, photosynthesis and heterosyct frequency fluctuations of dominant species Nostoc sp. JAH 109, isolated from rice field, were evaluated in combination of limited irradiance (2 uE.m-2.s-1), different pHs (5,7,9) and inorganic carbon availability. Nostoc sp. JAH 109, can be considered as an alkalophilic organism. Optimal growth rate were observed at pH 9. Size of phycobilisomes and relationship between photosystem II and photosystem I increased in pH 9 and DIC available condition. This strain could not grow well in acidic condition, but neutral and alkaline condition cause active carbon dioxide concentration mechanism system. The pattern of nitrogenase activity seems more or less regular and linear at the first days after inoculation both in neutral and alkaline conditions. With respect to nitrogenase activity, the highest rate was in pH 9 and DIC availability. This seems true for heterocyst frequency fluctuations too. The higher photosynthetic capacity (Pmax) per unit of chlorophyll was resulted in higher DIC concentration at alkaline condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Investigating Effects of Industrial Pollution on the Accumulation of arsenic in Soil and Mallow Plant and Some Physiological and Biochemical Reactions of Malva neglecta L.
Zahra Arabi Zeinab ZahedIn order to investigate effects of industrial contaminants on some physiological and biochemical reactions of Malva neglecta L. a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in farms around the Bandar Gaz Industrial E MoreIn order to investigate effects of industrial contaminants on some physiological and biochemical reactions of Malva neglecta L. a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in farms around the Bandar Gaz Industrial Estate in Golestan province at spring, 2013. The first factor was the distance from the source of contamination in four levels (control, 100, 200 and 300m) and the second factor was the plant’s organ on two levels (shoot and root). The control plot was also located in the same area at a distance of 1000 meters from the source of contamination. In this study, the amount of Anthocyanin, total soluble sugar, flavonoid, protein, activities of Catalase and Peroxidase enzymes, Glycine Betaine, Arsenic and Cadmium of soil and plant were measured. The highest amount of Anthocyanin (6.37 µmol g-1 of shoot dry weight ), total soluble sugar (42.04 mg g-1 dry weight), Proline (15.55 µmol g-1 of shoot dry weight) and Glycine Betaine (46.97 μg g-1 dry weight) were related to the treatment of 200m distance from the source of contamination. The highest amount of protein (0.099 g kg-1 dry weight), Flavonoid (1.305 mg g-1 of shoot dry weight), Arsenic (515.37 mg kg-1 dry weight) and activities of Catalase and Peroxidase enzymes (8.84 and 25.62 μmol H2O2 min-1 respectively) were obtained in the treatment of 100m distance from the source of contamination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - PSPGA: A New Method for Protein Structure Prediction based on Genetic Algorithm
Arash Mazidi Fahimeh Roshanfar -
Open Access Article
195 - Investigating the Severity of Environmental Stress Conditions on Growth, the Protein Profile and Biochemical Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853
Azita Tisheyar Moahmmad Faezi Ghasemi Nour AmirmozafariPseudomonas aeruginosa is the main cause of nosocomial infections, and is resistant to most antibiotics, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different stress conditions on growth, the protein profile, and biochemical characteristics of this bacterium. The cells MorePseudomonas aeruginosa is the main cause of nosocomial infections, and is resistant to most antibiotics, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different stress conditions on growth, the protein profile, and biochemical characteristics of this bacterium. The cells of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 in the logarithmic phase were exposed to different stress factors such as sucrose concentration, ethanol, acid, osmotic pressure, and CoCl2. Following each stress condition, the growth and the survival of bacterial cells were determined. Microscopic observation showed morphological changes in different stress conditions. P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 tolerated up to pH 3, 55% (V/V) ethanol, and CoCl2 up to 7% (W/V), and beyond these amounts, the bacterium lost its ability to survive. Maximum tolerance to sucrose was about 35% (W/V). The results showed that different stress conditions could not effect on the main biochemical characteristics of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Scanning electron microscopy of the cells exposed to different stress conditions showed wide changes in the morphology of cells. In addition, upon treatment of different stresses, significant changes were observed in the protein profile of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 according to SDS-PAGE analysis. It can be concluded that severe environmental stresses have great effects on the growth pattern, phenotypic characteristics, and protein profile of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. If the stresses are induced all at once, they will cause death, but if they are affected slowly and for a longer period, most bacteria will be able to repair the damaged parts, and the growth of will resume. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - The investigation on the anti-bacterial power of bioactive peptides obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) oil cake protein
Elham Nor Mohamadi Alireza Sadeghi Mahonaki Donya Shahrampoor Morteza KhamiriNowadays a large part of microorganisms are going to become resistant against common antibiotics. In this study the effect of bioactive peptides obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of pumpkin oil cake protein as natural anti-microbial agents was examined. In this researc MoreNowadays a large part of microorganisms are going to become resistant against common antibiotics. In this study the effect of bioactive peptides obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of pumpkin oil cake protein as natural anti-microbial agents was examined. In this research pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) oil cake protein was hydrolyzed by pepsin, trypsin and alcalase. Optimum treatments were selected based on DPPH radical scavenging activity and anti-microbial activity of total and diluted extracts (1/2, 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16) were evaluated against Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. peptides produced by 1% pepsin, 30 ˚C and 2h hydrolysis (P3012), 1% pepsin, 35 ˚C, 3.5h hydrolysis (P35135), 1% alcalase, 50 ˚C, 3.5h hydrolysis (A50135), 2% alcalase 50 ˚C, 3.5h hydrolysis (A50235), 1% trypsin, 35 ˚C, 5h hydrolysis (T3551) and 1% trypsin, 45 ˚C and 5h hydrolysis (T4551) were selected as optimum treatments. Total extracts of P3012, T4551 and A50135 showed an appropriate inhibitory effect on tested bacteria while total extract of T3551 had no inhibitory activity against pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration of P35135 was 1/2­ against Bacillus, 1/8­ against Escherichia and 1/16 against Listeria. Minimum inhibitory concentration of A50235 was 1/4 on Staphylococcus and Bacillus and1/8 against Listeria. Based on the results, enzymatic hydrolysis can be employed as an effective approach to produce natural anti-oxidative and anti-microbial agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Effects of whey protein isolate coating enriched with Lysozyme on the microbial quality of chicken fillets during refrigerated storage.
najmeh moghimiThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of whey protein isolate with Lysozyme on the shelf-life of chicken fillets during refrigerated storage. Chicken fillets were treated in whey protein isolate and whey protein isolate containing 0.5, 1 % Lysozyme and com MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of whey protein isolate with Lysozyme on the shelf-life of chicken fillets during refrigerated storage. Chicken fillets were treated in whey protein isolate and whey protein isolate containing 0.5, 1 % Lysozyme and compared with chicken fillets without any coating (control) with 3 replicates were prepared. The microbial parameters (Total bacterial Mesophilic, Enterobacteriaceae, Psychrotroph and Pseudomonas spp count) were evaluated for 12 days. Results showed that during the storage time, in the samples coated with whey protein isolate containing different concentration of Lysozyme, a significant reduction (p< 0.05) were observed in the entire evaluated microorganism groups compared to the control samples. Also a dose related trend was observed due to addition of Lysozyme. Overall the findings of present study suggest that whey protein isolate contain with Lysozyme, may use as a natural coating and preservative to extend the chicken meat shelf life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Effect of myofibrillarProtein in combination with Zataria multiflora essential oil on increasing the shelflife of fish fillet of Otolithes ruber
fatemeh fathimoghadam laleh roomianiIn this study, the effect of myofibrilar protein with the Zataria essential oil was investigated in three concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5% on the shelf life of fish fillets in a period of 15 days at a refrigerated temperature. According to the analysis of essential oil MoreIn this study, the effect of myofibrilar protein with the Zataria essential oil was investigated in three concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5% on the shelf life of fish fillets in a period of 15 days at a refrigerated temperature. According to the analysis of essential oil, the dominant components were carrocolol (46.82%), thymol (18.34%) and linalool (12.71%). There was no significant difference between the treatments with control and treatment of myofibrilear protein film and essential oil of Shirzi. During 15 days of storage, the parameters of TBA (Thiobarbituric Acid), PV (Peroxide), FFA (Free Fatty Acids), TVB-N (Total Volatile Nitrogen Bases) showed an increase in the concentration of thyme essential oil in myofibrilear film decreased these parameters . Accordingly, the myofibricular protein film with 1.5% essential oil of essential oil of thyme with a significant difference compared with the control had the highest efficiency in increasing the shelf life of the fish fillet. Color index L * and a * did not change significantly during storage (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - تأثیر اسانس گیاه رزماری بر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی و میکروبی اسفناج تازه پوشش گذاری شده
عاطفه عابدی لیلا لک زاده مهدی عموحیدریمقدمه و هدف: افزایش ماندگاری در سبزیهای آماده برای مصرف با توجه به اینکه ضایعات میوه و سبزی در کشور رو به افزایش است از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، تهیه پوششهای خوراکی از پروتئین آب پنیر و اسانس رزماری و تأثیر آن روی انبارمانی اسفناج می Moreمقدمه و هدف: افزایش ماندگاری در سبزیهای آماده برای مصرف با توجه به اینکه ضایعات میوه و سبزی در کشور رو به افزایش است از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، تهیه پوششهای خوراکی از پروتئین آب پنیر و اسانس رزماری و تأثیر آن روی انبارمانی اسفناج میباشد. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیقپوششها با ساخت یک محلول 2 درصد از کنسانتره پروتئین آب پنیر در آب مقطر تهیه شدند. اسانس رزماری نیز به نسبت 3/0 و 6/0 درصد اضافه گردید. برای عمل پوشش دادن، اسفناجها به مدت 3 دقیقه درون محلول پوششها غوطهور شده و پس از خشک شدن، درون ظروف یکبار مصرف قرار گرفتند. نمونههای پوششدار و بدون پوشش به مدت 10 روز در یخچال نگهداری شدند. در روزهای 1، 3، 6، 8 و 10 روز میزان کاهش وزن، pH، میزان کلیفرم و شمارش کلی باکتریهای نمونه انجام شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که حداقل مقدار مهارکنندگی اسانس رزماری بر روی باکتری اشرشیاکلی ppm10000 بود ولی با توجه به آزمون حسی از درصدهای کمتر استفاده شد. پوشش اسانس رزماری در غلظت 6/0 درصد توانست میزان بار میکروبی کل و کلیفرم را در طی 10 روز به ترتیب 57/0 و 23/0 logCFU/gکاهش دهد. همچنین کاهش میزان pH در این نمونه در روز آخر به میزان 46/0 از نمونه شاهد کمتر بود(05/0>p < /strong>). استفاده از کنسانتره آب پنیر در پوشش نیز دارای باعث جلوگیری از افت وزن، کاهش ورود اکسیژن و تاثیرات ضدمیکروبی بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، پوشش آب پنیر به همراه اسانس رزماری میتواند بر اساس ویژگیهای ارگانولپتیکی و خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی کیفیت و مدت زمان انبارداری اسفناج را تا مدت 10 روز و چهار روز بیشتر از نمونه بدون پوشش حفظ نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - استخراج الکتروهیدرودینامیک (EHD) پروتئین از جوانه ماش (.Vigna radiate L): اثر نسبت جامد به حلال بر خواص عملکردی
شهره واحد حسین عباس تبار آهنگر مولود نورانی سمیه تقیان دینانی مجتبی نصراصفهانیBackground & Aim: Mung bean knwn as a traditional food which has been used both as nutritional food and herbal medicine over 2000 years. Mung bean sprouts are one of the most commonly used bean sprouts and considered an as appropriate source for the extraction of hi MoreBackground & Aim: Mung bean knwn as a traditional food which has been used both as nutritional food and herbal medicine over 2000 years. Mung bean sprouts are one of the most commonly used bean sprouts and considered an as appropriate source for the extraction of highly valuable proteins.Experimental: In this study, the effect of different solid to solvent ratios (1:5, 1:10, 1:15 and 1:20 g/mL in electrohydrodynamic (EHD)-assisted extraction on the extraction yield and functional characteristics of sprouted mung bean protein isolate (SMPI) was evaluated. In addition, the structural and thermal properties of SMPI were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively.Results: The highest protein extraction yield, protein solubility (PS), oil absorption capacity (OAC), foaming capacity (FC) and foaming stability (FS) were obtained in the solid to solvent ratio of 1:20 g/mL. The results of FTIR showed that in the solid to solvent ratio of 1:20, the α-helix structure in SMPI decreased and transformed to random coil structure, leading to increased protein solubility. According to the DSC analysis, the highest denaturation temperature and protein stability were attributed to the solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:20 due to higher water content.Recommended applications/industries: The present results indicated that EHD pretreatment with the solid to solvent ratio of 1:20 could improve the functional properties of SMPI and EHD-assisted extracted SMPI could be considered as a potential nutraceutical or ingredient of functional and health-promoting foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - تأثیر عصاره هیدروالکلی سیاه دانه ( Nigella sativa L) بر سیستم ایمنی و اجزای پروتئینی خون درموش کوچک آزمایشگاهی
مهرداد مدرسیمقدمه و هدف: گیاه سیاه­دانه (Nigella sativa L.) گیاه دارویی شناخته شده در طب سنتی محسوب می شود که با داشتن ترکیبات شیمیایی موثر در سیستم ایمنی کاربرد فراوانی در طب سنتی جهت مقابله با عفونت دارد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر نقش گیاه مذکور در سیستم ایمنی و پروتئین&s Moreمقدمه و هدف: گیاه سیاه­دانه (Nigella sativa L.) گیاه دارویی شناخته شده در طب سنتی محسوب می شود که با داشتن ترکیبات شیمیایی موثر در سیستم ایمنی کاربرد فراوانی در طب سنتی جهت مقابله با عفونت دارد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر نقش گیاه مذکور در سیستم ایمنی و پروتئین­های خون است.روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق موش­های نر از نژاد Balb/c مورد آزمایش به چهار گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه شاهد و گروه های تجربی 1 ، 2 و 3 که به ترتیب دوز mg/kg 50 ، 100 و 200 از عصاره هیدروالکی سیاهدانه را به­صورت یک روز در میان و به مدت 20 روز با تزریق درون صفاقی دریافت کردند. در پایان آزمایش، خون­گیری انجام شد و جهت شمارش گلبول­های سفید و الکتروفورز پروتئین­های خون مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. داده های به­دست آمده با نرم افزار 11.5SPSS در سطح 05/0p< ارزیابی شد.نتایج و بحث: نتایج این بررسی­ حاکی از آن است که عصاره­ی سیاه­دانه در سه گروه تجربی قادر به افزایش تعداد گلبول­های سفید می­باشد. سیاه­دانه میزان پروتئین­های آلبومین، آلفا 1و2 و نسبت A/G را افزایش داده است. گیاه سیاه­دانه با تغییر در تعداد گلبول­های سفید و میزان غلظت پروتئین­های خون نظیر آلبومین، آلفا 1 و 2 و گاما در سیستم ایمنی بدن موثر بوده است.توصیه کاربردی /صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق به­نظر می رسد در صنعت داروسازی کشور سیاه­دانه می تواند نقش موثری در تقویت سیستم ایمنی بدن بازی کرده و در این راستا به­عنوان یک گیاه داروئی کاربردی مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد. Manuscript profile -
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202 - Broiler Performance in Response to Phytate and Supplemented Phytase
M.F. Khalid M. Hussain A.U. Rehman M.A. Shahzad M. Sharif Z.U. Rahman -
Open Access Article
203 - The Effect of Different Level of Concentrates in Diet on Microbial Protein Synthesis in Iranian Native Buffaloes
K. Jafari Khorshidi Y. Vakilfaraji M. M. Zahedifar -
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204 - Effect of Dry Matter Content and Inoculation on Ruminal Protein Degradability in Alfalfa Silages
R. Postulka P. Dolezal J. Pelikan D. Knotova -
Open Access Article
205 - تولید آنتی بادی مونوکلونال علیه پروتئین G1 بیان شده پروکاریوتی از ویروس تب بیدوام گاوی
ر. پسندیده م.ر. صیفی آباد شاپوری م.ت. بیگی نصیریاپیتوپ G1 از گلیکوپروتئین G ویروس تب بی ‏دوام گاوی (BEFV) از لحاظ ژنتیکی و آنتی ‏ژنیکی در بین جدایه‏ های مختلف از این ویروس حفاظت شده است و تنها با آنتی ‏بادی‏ های خنثی‏ کننده ضد این ویروس واکنش می‏ دهد. بنابراین این آنتی‏ژن، یک نامزد منا Moreاپیتوپ G1 از گلیکوپروتئین G ویروس تب بی ‏دوام گاوی (BEFV) از لحاظ ژنتیکی و آنتی ‏ژنیکی در بین جدایه‏ های مختلف از این ویروس حفاظت شده است و تنها با آنتی ‏بادی‏ های خنثی‏ کننده ضد این ویروس واکنش می‏ دهد. بنابراین این آنتی‏ژن، یک نامزد مناسب برای توسعه آزمون ایمونوسوربنت متصل به آنزیم (ELISA) برای شناسایی سرولوژیکی حیوانات آلوده است. هدف از این مطالعه، تولید آنتی ‏بادی مونوکلونال علیه آنتی‏ژن G1 نوترکیب بیان شده در اشرشیاکلی بود. به این منظور، هیبرید‏های سلولی سوماتیک بین سلول‏ های میلومای SP2/0 و سلول‏ های طحال حاصل از موش ‏های Balb/c ایمن شده با پروتئین هم جوش MBP-G1 ایجاد شد. پس از سه مرتبه کلونینگ، پایداری ترشح آنتی‏ بادی درکلون ‏های مثبت با روش الایزا و واکنش آنتی‏ بادی‏‏ های مونوکلونال علیه G1 نوترکیب توسط آزمایش وسترن بلات تأیید شد. آنتی‏ بادی‏ های اختصاصی تولید شده علیه آنتی ­ژن نوترکیب G1 ممکن است به ­منظور طراحی آزمایش‏ های تشخیصی برای ویروس BEF در آینده مناسب باشند. Manuscript profile -
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206 - عملکرد گوسالهها ، تلیسهها و گاوهای شکم اول تغذیه شده با جیرههای آغازین حاوی مقادیر و انواع مختلف پروتئین کنجاله سویا
م.ر. فروزانمهر م. دانش-مسگران ع.ر. وکیلیگوسالههای نژاد هلشتاین با جیرههای آغازین پلیت شده حاوی ۱۸، ۲۰ و ۲۴ درصد پروتئین خام بر پایه سویا و جیره آغازین دیگری حاوی ۱۸ درصد پروتئین خام بر پایه سویای فرآوری شده به جای سویای معمولی به مدت ۱۰ هفته از روز ۱۴ تغذیه شدند. هر جیره به تعداد ۲۴ رأس گوساله خورانده شد و Moreگوسالههای نژاد هلشتاین با جیرههای آغازین پلیت شده حاوی ۱۸، ۲۰ و ۲۴ درصد پروتئین خام بر پایه سویا و جیره آغازین دیگری حاوی ۱۸ درصد پروتئین خام بر پایه سویای فرآوری شده به جای سویای معمولی به مدت ۱۰ هفته از روز ۱۴ تغذیه شدند. هر جیره به تعداد ۲۴ رأس گوساله خورانده شد و مصرف خوراک، مصرف مواد مغذی، افزایش وزن روزانه، فاکتورهای رشد و متابولیتهای انتخابی خون تعیین گردید. گوسالههای ماده از شیرزده شده برای فاکتورهای اقتصادی از قبیل رشد پس از شیرگیری (روز ۸۴ تا ۱۹۶)، ارتفاع و وزن در اولین فحلی، تعداد تلقیح به ازای آبستنی و تولید شیر در اولین شکم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. میانگین مصرف روزانه در گوسالههای که جیره آغازین با ۲۰ درصد پروتئین دریافت کرده بودند بیشتر بود. رشد روزانه در گوسالههای که جیره آغازین با ۲۰ درصد پروتئین بر پایه سویا دریافت کرده بودند بیشتر بود. بهرهوری غذا در گوسالههای که جیره آغازین حاوی ۲۴ درصد پروتئین برپایه سویا دریافت کرده بودند بالاتر بود اما بهرهوری پروتئین در گروه ۲۰ درصد پروتئین بر پایه سویا بهتر بود. گلوکز خون گوسالههای که جیره آغازین با ۱۸ درصد پروتئین بر پایه سویا دریافت کرده بودند پایینتر و انسولین خون آنها بالاتر بود. خون گوسالههای که جیره آغازین با ۲۴ درصد پروتئین بر پایه سویا دریافت کرده بودند دارای ازت اورهای و گلوکز بالاتری بود. تعداد تلقیح به ازای آبستنی، سن در اولین زایش و تولید شیر بر طبق جیرهها متفاوت بود (0.001>P). Manuscript profile -
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207 - پروتئین سرم گوسالههای ماده هلشتاین تغذیه شده با شیر از طریق مرحله پایین (step-down) و روشهای متداول
آ.سی.اس. سوآرس اف. مورایس کوستا ای.ر. دوآرت ل.سی. گراسیو م.جی. فریرا جی.آ. باستوس م.م. ملو ، ر.ر. ونکسلاو ن.جی.اف. اُلیویراپروتئینوگرامهای سرم 10 گوساله ماده هلشتاین تغذیه شده با شیر از طریق روشهای متداول (COV) و تغذیه شیر مرحله پایین (step-down) (STP) در سنین مختلف ارزیابی شد. گوسالههای تغذیه شده با استفاده از روش COV در طول 24 ساعت اول با آغوز تغذیه شدند که آنها با مادرهایشان مانده بود Moreپروتئینوگرامهای سرم 10 گوساله ماده هلشتاین تغذیه شده با شیر از طریق روشهای متداول (COV) و تغذیه شیر مرحله پایین (step-down) (STP) در سنین مختلف ارزیابی شد. گوسالههای تغذیه شده با استفاده از روش COV در طول 24 ساعت اول با آغوز تغذیه شدند که آنها با مادرهایشان مانده بودند و برای دو روز دیگر و بعد جایگزین شیر دریافت کردند، و به مقدار 4 لیتر در روز برای 59 روز شیر دریافت کردند. گوسالهای تغذیه شده با استفاده از روش STP با آغوز تغذیه شدند و سپس شیر به شکل زیر: 6 لیتر شیر در هر روز از روز 6 تا 25 بعد از تولد، 4 لیتر شیر در روز از روز 26 تا 45، و 2 لیتر شیر در روز از روز 46 تا 59 بعد از تولد. نمونهگیری خون در سنین 7، 21، 28، 42، 49 و 56 روزگی انجام شد. برای گوسالههای تغذیه شده با استفاده از هر دو روش تغذیه با شیر، غلظت آلبومین سرم افزایش داشت، اگرچه غلظت بتا-گلوبولین سرم با افزایش سن گوساله کاهش داشت. گوسالههای تغذیه شده با استفاده از روش COV غلظتهای پروتئین تام سرم، گلوبولین، بتا-گلوبولین، و گاما گلوبولین بیشتری داشتند، اگرچه غلظتهای A/G، آلفا 1-گلوبولین، و آلفا 2-گلوبولین برای گوسالههای در گروه STP بالاتر بود. این نتایج برای ایجاد پروفایل پروتئین سرم گوسالهها مهم است که به طور معنیداری توسط روشهای تغذیه شیر و سن گوساله تحت تأثیر قرار میگیرد. Manuscript profile -
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208 - A Review on Recent Findings on Amino Acids Requirements in Poult-Studies
Y. Dersjant-Li M. Peisker -
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209 - Effect of Dietary Protein Sources on Lamb’s Performance: A Review
M.F. Khalid M. Sarwar A.U. Rehman M.A. Shahzad N. Mukhtar -
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210 - Effects of Nutritional Systems on Early Weaned Lambs
M.S. Simeonov D.L. Harmon -
Open Access Article
211 - Responses of Milk Urea Nitrogen Content to Dietary Rume Degradable Protein Level in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows
H. Rafieei -
Open Access Article
212 - اثرات مگادُز فیتاز بر عملکرد رشد، وضعیت استخوان و دفع مواد مغذی جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی سطوح بالای سبوس برنج
ک.جی.اس.سی. کاتوکروندا ان.اس.بی.ام. اتاپتو پی.و.یو. پررافیتات در جیره­های طیور حاوی سبوس برنج (RB) منجر به کاهش عملکرد حیوان و افزایش دفع نیتروژن و فسفر می­گردد. هدف از این مطالعه آن است که مشخص نمود که آیا مشکلات ضد تغذیه­ای مرتبط با در نظر گرفتن مقادیر بالاتر (تا 40 درصد) سبوس برنج در جیره­های طیور را می&sh Moreفیتات در جیره­های طیور حاوی سبوس برنج (RB) منجر به کاهش عملکرد حیوان و افزایش دفع نیتروژن و فسفر می­گردد. هدف از این مطالعه آن است که مشخص نمود که آیا مشکلات ضد تغذیه­ای مرتبط با در نظر گرفتن مقادیر بالاتر (تا 40 درصد) سبوس برنج در جیره­های طیور را می­توان با مگادُزهای فیتاز مرتفع کرد؟ جوجه­های گوشتی نر 20 روزه (180=n) در 60 قفس با 10 ترکیب جیره­ای در قالب یک طرح فاکتوریل کاملاً تصادفی (5×2) تغذیه شدند. فاکتورهای اصلی شامل دو سطح سبوس برنج (20 یا 40 درصد) و پنج سطح فیتاز (ناتوفوس 500) (0، 1000، 2000، 3000 و 4000 FTU در هر کیلوگرم جیره) بودند. از قفس­های هوشمند استفاده شده و مصرف خوراک و آب روزانه و وزن بدن در 28، 35 و 42 روزگی محاسبه گردید. افزایش وزن و ضریب تبدیل خوراک هفتگی و کُل تعیین گردید. جیره­های مخلوط شده با اکسید کروم از 35 روزگی به حیوانات خورانده شد تا بتوان قابلیت هضم ایلئومی پروتئین خام، فسفر و ماده خشک را تعیین نمود. در 42 روزگی، پس از 12 ساعت گرسنگی، دو پرنده از هر قفس با رعایت موارد اخلاقی کشتار شدند و وزن اندام­های احشایی اندازه­گیری گردیدند. اندازه­گیری خاکستر عاری از چربی استخوان درشت نی و تست تأخیر اُفت به عنوان پارامترهای استخوانی در روزهای 28، 35 و 42 انجام شد. مگادُزهای فیتاز تأثیر معنی­داری بر ارتقای پارامترهای عملکرد رشد نداشتند. اثرات منفی نظیر کاهش در وزن بدن بر افزایش زمان تأخیر اُفت تأثیر داشته و افزایش خاکستر درشت نی نیز این موضوع را تأیید می­نمود. فیتاز به صورت معنی­داری قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام را بهبود بخشید. سطح بهینه برای بهترین قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام با 20 و 40 درصد سبوس برنج در جیره به ترتیب برابر با 3000 و 4000 FTU به ازای هر کیلوگرم جیره بوده است. مقادیر قابلیت هضم فسفر و ماده خشک نیز تحت تأثیر قرار گرفت. افزودن مگادُزهای فیتاز قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام ایلئومی را بهبود بخشیده ولی عملکرد رشد و وضعیت استخوان را ارتقا نبخشیدند. مگادُزهای فیتاز اثرات شدید افزودن 40 درصد سبوس برنج به جیره­های گوشتی را مرتفع ننمودند. Manuscript profile -
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213 - Effects of Hydrolyzed Cottonseed Protein on Growth Performances, Carcass Traits, Immunity, Microbial and Morphological Responses of the Small Intestine and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Serum, and Small Intestine in Broiler Chickens
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214 - The Gradual Affection of Creatine Monohydrate Supplemented at Different Protein Level in Diets of Broilers on Performance, Blood Biochemical Parameters and some Specific Meat Characteristics
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Open Access Article
215 - تأثیر سطوح جیرهای متفاوت انرژی و پروتئین بر عملکرد تولیدمثلی و رشد پس از تفریخ در بلدرچینهای ژاپنی
ا. لطفی ن. کریمی ب. پریزادیان کاوان م.ر. شریفیدر این تحقیق تأثیر سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین بر عملکرد، کیفیت تخم ‏مرغ، قابلیت جوجه‏درآوری، باروری و وزن بدن جوجه‏ها پس از تولد بررسی شد. تعداد 432 قطعه بلدرچین ژاپنی با سن 13 هفته به نه گروه تیماری تقسیم شدند. هر تیمار شامل چهار تکرار و تعداد 12 قطعه بلدرچ Moreدر این تحقیق تأثیر سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین بر عملکرد، کیفیت تخم ‏مرغ، قابلیت جوجه‏درآوری، باروری و وزن بدن جوجه‏ها پس از تولد بررسی شد. تعداد 432 قطعه بلدرچین ژاپنی با سن 13 هفته به نه گروه تیماری تقسیم شدند. هر تیمار شامل چهار تکرار و تعداد 12 قطعه بلدرچین در هر تکرار (9 بلدرچین ماده و 3 بلدرچین نر) بود. جیره‏ها حاوی سطوح متفاوت انرژی متابولیسمی (51/11، 41/12 و 77/12 مگاژول در کیلوگرم) و پروتئین خام (180، 200 و 220 گرم در کیلوگرم) بودند. رشد وزن بدن و تولید تخم ‏مرغ در بلدرچین‏های تغذیه شده با جیره‏های حاوی سطح بالای پروتئین خام (220 گرم در کیلوگرم) و انرژی متابولیسمی (77/12 مگاژول در کیلوگرم) در مقایسه با سایر گروه‏ها بیشتر بود. با افزایش مقدار انرژی جیره، ضریب تبدیل غذایی به صورت خطی بهبود یافت و بهترین ضریب تبدیل غذایی در جیرهای ‏حاوی 77/12 مگاژول در کیلوگرم انرژی متابولیسمی حاصل شد (05/0>P). افزایش مقدار انرژی متابولیسمی و پروتئین خام جیره، منجبر به افزایش ضخامت پوسته تخم‏مرغ، مقاومت پوسته، شاخص سفیده و زرده شد (01/0>P). درصد جوجه‏درآوری و وزن بدن نتاج پس از تفریخ به‏ طور معنی‏داری تحت تأثیر سطح انرژی و پروتئین قرار گرفت (05/0>P)، به ‏طوری که وزن بدن پس از تولد در جوجه‏های هچ شده از پرندگان تغذیه شده با جیره‏های حاوی سطوح بالای انرژی و پروتئین بیشتر بود. به طور کلی، تغذیه بلدرچین‏ها با سطوح بالای انرژی متابولیسمی (77/12 مگاژول در کیلوگرم) و پروتئین خام (220 گرم در کیلوگرم) می‏تواند موجب بهبود شاخص‏های رشد، کیفیت تخم‏مرغ و عملکرد نتاج پس از تولد شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Effect of Phosphorus Supplementation to Ammoniated Rice Straw on Rumen Fermentability, Microbial Protein Synthesis and in vitro Nutrient Degradability
Z. Zulkarnaini M. Zain N. Jamarun A. Tjakradidjaya -
Open Access Article
217 - Some Productive, Reproductive and Physiological Effects of Using Different Dietary Protein Levels in Rabbit Does
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Open Access Article
218 - تأثیر جیره های حاوی سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین بر عملکرد
م. عامی ازغدی ح. کرمانشاهی ع. گلیاناین آزمایش به جهت بررسی تاثیر خوراکهای حاوی سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین بر عملکرد و پاسخ ایمنی در برابر SRBC در بلدرچینهای مولد تخمگذار ژاپنی و نتاج حاصل از آنها صورت گرفت. تعداد 432 قطعه بلدرچین (13 هفتگی) به 9 تیمار با 4 تکرار تقسیم شدند که در هر تکرار 9 پرنده ماده Moreاین آزمایش به جهت بررسی تاثیر خوراکهای حاوی سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین بر عملکرد و پاسخ ایمنی در برابر SRBC در بلدرچینهای مولد تخمگذار ژاپنی و نتاج حاصل از آنها صورت گرفت. تعداد 432 قطعه بلدرچین (13 هفتگی) به 9 تیمار با 4 تکرار تقسیم شدند که در هر تکرار 9 پرنده ماده و 3 پرنده نر قرار گرفت. آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل 3 × 3 شامل سه سطح انرژی (2750، 2900 و 3050 کیلوکالری/کیلوگرم) و سه سطح پروتئین (18، 20 و 22 درصد) در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. وزن نتاج در پرندههای تغذیه شده با جیرهی حاوی 2750 کیلوکالری و 18 درصد پروتئین در هفتههای 1، 2 و 3 و همچنین کل دوره آزمایش کمتر از دیگر گروهها بود. تغذیه پرندگان با سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین تأثیری بر میزان مصرف خوراک آنها نداشت. سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین خوراک در پرندگان مولد تأثیری بر مصرف خوراک نتاج نداشت. ضریب تبدیل پرندگان تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی 2750 کیلوکالری انرژی و 18 درصد پروتئین در کل دوره آزمایش نسبت به دیگر تیمارها به طور معنیداری افزایش یافت. تولید آنتیبادی در برابر SRBC در نتاج بلدرچینهای تغذیه شده با 2750 کیلوکالری و 18 یا 20 درصد پروتئین نسبت به دیگر تیمارها کاهش یافت. به طورکلی، استفاده از جیرههای حاوی 2750 کیلوکالری انرژی و 18 یا 20 درصد پروتئین در تغذیه بلدرچین مولد، تأثیر منفی بر عملکرد و پاسخ ایمنی نتاج تولیدی دارد. Manuscript profile -
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219 - Effects of Starter Protein Levels and Amounts of Milk Fed on Animal Health and Rumen Microbiota Changes in Holstein Male Calves
ن. مهرداد ی. چاشنی دل ا. تیموری یانسری م. خوروش -
Open Access Article
220 - Effects of Thyme Essential Oil and Disodium Fumarate on Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics, Microbial Population and Nutrient Flow in a Dual Flow Continuous Culture System
ه. براز ح. جهانی-عزیزآبادی ع. عزیزی -
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221 - Effect of Dietary Non-Fiber Carbohydrate Sources and Sulfur Supplementation on in vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Digestibility of the Dairy Ration
A. Rosmalia I.G. Permana D. Despal T. Toharmat F.R. Pambudi S.I.Z. Arif -
Open Access Article
222 - Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters for Milk Production Traits in the First and Second Lactation in Romanian Simmental Dairy Cows
E. Nistor V.A. Bampidis M. Pentea M. Matiuti V. Ciolac F. Adebambo -
Open Access Article
223 - بررسی تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و مدلسازی برای پیشبینی فراهمی مواد غذایی برای نشخوارکنندگان از منبع سویای فرآوری شده با روشهای مختلف
E. پرند ع.ر. وکیلی م. دانش مسگراندر این پژوهش با استفاده از مدل DVE2010 پیشبینی فراهمی مواد مغذی برای نشخوارکنندگان از کنجاله سویا، کنجاله سویای اکسترود شده و کنجاله سویای فول فت انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد کنجاله سویای اکسترود شده، کنجاله سویا و کنجاله سویای فول فت به ترتیب از بیشترین به کمترین محتوی Moreدر این پژوهش با استفاده از مدل DVE2010 پیشبینی فراهمی مواد مغذی برای نشخوارکنندگان از کنجاله سویا، کنجاله سویای اکسترود شده و کنجاله سویای فول فت انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد کنجاله سویای اکسترود شده، کنجاله سویا و کنجاله سویای فول فت به ترتیب از بیشترین به کمترین محتوی پروتئین غیرقابل تجزیه در شکمبه و قابل هضم و جذب حقیقی در روده باریک (ARUP) را دارا بودند. در محتوی پروتئین میکروبی سنتز شده در شکمبه و قابل هضم و جذب حقیقی در روده باریک (AMCP) بین کنجاله سویای اکسترود و کنجاله سویای فول فت تفاوت معنیداری وجود نداشت ولی میزان پروتئین میکروبی سنتز شده در شکمبه و قابل هضم و جذب حقیقی در روده باریک و پتانسیل سنتز پروتئین میکروبی در شکمبه بر اساس انرژی قابل دسترس (MCPe) برای کنجاله سویا به شکل معنیداری بیشتر از دو تیمار دیگر بود. بیشترین میزان هدر رفت پروتئین آندوژنوسی (ECP) برای کنجاله سویای اکسترود شده مشاهده شد وتفاوت معنیداری در این فراسنجه بین کنجاله سویا و کنجاله سویای فول فت وجود نداشت. کنجاله سویای اکسترود شده، کنجاله سویا و کنجاله سویای فول فت دارای به ترتیب از بیشترین به کمترین محتوی کل پروتئین قابل متابولیسم (DVE) بودند. مدلسازی فراهمی مواد مغذی برای گاوهای شیرده با استفاده از DVE2010 میتواند ابزاری ارزشمند برای سنجش کمی کل پروتئین قابل هضم و جذب در روده باریک از منابع مختلف باشد. این اطلاعات میتواند برای تنظیم جیرهها و کاهش میزان هدررفت نیتروژن و کنترل آلودگی محیط زیست از این طریق مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد. Manuscript profile -
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224 - Effect of Silage from Five Varieties of Corn Forage on Feed Intake, Digestibility, and Ruminal Parameters in Sheep
R. Iranmanesh M.M. Sharifi Hosseini R. Tahmasbi A. Maddahian O. Dayani -
Open Access Article
225 - کاربرد توابع سینوسی برای تفکیک مصرف پروتئین خام و انرژی مصرفی بین نگهداری و رشد در هسته والدینی جوجههای گوشتی
ح. درمانی کوهی اس. لوپز آ. شعبانپور آ. محیط س. فلاحی جی. فرانسبیشتر مدل­های توسعه­یافته­در حد ظرفیت ژنتیکی رشد طیور خطی هستند. به هرحال، مدل­های خطی پایه­ریزی شده براساس مقادیر ثابت راندمان استفاده از مواد مغذی به ­طور مناسبی بیانگر فرایندهای ژنتیکی دخیل در رشد طیور نیستند. بنابراین، یک تناقض بین تئوری­ Moreبیشتر مدل­های توسعه­یافته­در حد ظرفیت ژنتیکی رشد طیور خطی هستند. به هرحال، مدل­های خطی پایه­ریزی شده براساس مقادیر ثابت راندمان استفاده از مواد مغذی به ­طور مناسبی بیانگر فرایندهای ژنتیکی دخیل در رشد طیور نیستند. بنابراین، یک تناقض بین تئوری­های پذیرفته شده و فرضیات مدل­های ریاضی برای پیش­بینی و آنالیز نیازمندی­ها آشکار است. از آنجایی که پاسخ حیوان به انرژی، پروتئین و اسیدهای آمینه ضروری یک فرایند خطی-منحنی است، بنابراین بایستی به همین نحو برای تخمین سطوح مطلوب اقتصادی ارزیابی شوند. موضوع این مطالعه بکارگیری دو تابع سینوسی با رفتار خطی-منحنی برای تخمین نیازمندی­های انرژی متابولیسمی و پروتئین خام برای نگهداری و رشد در گله­های هسته جوجه­های گوشتی بود. توابع مدنظر با استفاده از رگرسیون غیر خطی برای تخمین پارامترهای استفاده شده جهت محاسبه مشخصه­های بیولوژیکی برازش داده شدند. نتایج برازش توابع به داده­ها و عملکرد آماری آنها و معنی­داری بیولوژیکی تخمین­های پارامتری، قابلیت مدل­ها را در توصیف ارتباط بین انرژی (یا پروتئین) و افزایش وزن بدن را در هسته­های والدینی جوجه­های گوشتی نشان داد. نیازمندی­های نگهداری تخمین زده شده و مقادیر تعیین شده از نیازمندی­های انرژی و پروتئین برای افزایش وزن در مطابقت با مقادیر گزارش شده توسط سایر محققین بوده ­است. Manuscript profile -
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226 - بررسی پروتئین تک یاختهای به عنوان یک خوراک نامتعارف در تغذیه جوجههای گوشتی
م.ر. پورعلمی س. سیفی ع.ر. عبدالهی کاکرودی ر. خوشبختپروتئین تک یاختهای تعریفی برای سلولهای خشک شدهای است که از ارگانیسمهای تک سلولی تشکیل شدهاند و به عنوان منبع پروتئینی در غذاهای انسان یا خوراک حیوانات مورد استفاده قرار میگیرند. آزمایشی برای ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف پروتئین تک یاختهای بر روی میکروفلور مدفوع و صفا Moreپروتئین تک یاختهای تعریفی برای سلولهای خشک شدهای است که از ارگانیسمهای تک سلولی تشکیل شدهاند و به عنوان منبع پروتئینی در غذاهای انسان یا خوراک حیوانات مورد استفاده قرار میگیرند. آزمایشی برای ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف پروتئین تک یاختهای بر روی میکروفلور مدفوع و صفات تولیدی جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. در مجموع 192 جوجه یکروزه نر نژاد راس 308، به صورت تصادفی به 4 تیمار تقسیم شدند. هر تیمار شامل 48 پرنده و 4 تکرار 12 قطعهای بود. از روز اول پرورش، جوجهها با یک جیره غذایی بر پایه ذرت و سویا به همراه سطوح مختلف پروتئین تک یاختهای (0، 5، 10 و 15 درصد جیره) تغذیه شدند. در روز 47 دوره پرورش، چهار پرنده از هر تیمار به صورت تصادفی برای کشتار و مطالعه میکروبی انتخاب شدند. تعداد کل باکتریهای هوازی، لاکتوباسیلها و کولی فرمهای روده در تیمارهای مختلف، تفاوت معنیداری نداشت. پروتئین تک یاختهای در سطوح 10 و 15 درصد باعث تلفات بالا شد. همچنین استفاده از پروتئین تک یاختهای، تأثیرات نامطلوبی بر وزنگیری، مصرف غذا و بازده خوراک داشت. در نتیجه، اگر چه استفاده از پروتئین تک یاختهای باعث کاهش قیمت جیره شد، اما تأثیرات نامطلوبی بر عملکرد پرندگان داشت. Manuscript profile -
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227 - -اثر سطوح مختلف پروتئین خام بر بیان ژن ناقل اوره (نوع ب) و بازده نیتروژن در برههای در حال رشد بلوچی تغذیه شده با نسبتهای مختلف علوفه به کنسانتره
ا. ابراهیمی خرم آبادی ع.م. طهماسبی م. دانش مسگران ع.ع. ناصریان ع. وکیلیبه منظور بررسی اثرات همزمان نسبتهای مختلف علوفه به کنسانتره و مقادیر مختلف پروتئینخام خوراک بر کنترل نیتروژن اورهای بازگردانده شده به شکمبه و تنظیم بیان ژن ناقل اوره (نوع ب)، از چهار رأس بره نر بلوچی (2±30 کیلوگرم) در قالب طرح مربع لاتین 4 × 4، استفاده ش Moreبه منظور بررسی اثرات همزمان نسبتهای مختلف علوفه به کنسانتره و مقادیر مختلف پروتئینخام خوراک بر کنترل نیتروژن اورهای بازگردانده شده به شکمبه و تنظیم بیان ژن ناقل اوره (نوع ب)، از چهار رأس بره نر بلوچی (2±30 کیلوگرم) در قالب طرح مربع لاتین 4 × 4، استفاده شد. مدت هر دوره آزمایشی 28 روز (21 روز عادت پذیری و 6 روز جمعآوری اطلاعات و نمونه برداری) بود. تیمارهای آزمایشی از ترکیب دو نسبت کنسانتره به علوفه (بر اساس ماده خشک) 45 به 55 درصد و 25 به 75 درصد و دو مقدار پروتئین خام (بر اساس ماده خشک) 14 درصد و 18 درصد تشکیل شده بودند. با افزایش نسبت کنسانتره به علوفه، مصرف ماده خشک به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت. تیمارها، مقدار پروتئین خام و نسبت کنسانتره به علوفه تأثیر معنی داری بر روی مقدار مصرف پروتئین خام داشتند. با افزایش مقدار نیتروژن خوراک، قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، پروتئین خام و ماده آلی به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت. نسبت کنسانتره به علوفه تأثیر معنی داری بر روی قابلیت هضم فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی و ماده آلی داشت. تیمارها نیز تأثیر معنی داری بر روی قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام، شوینده خنثی و ماده آلی داشتند. اثر متقابل بین سطح پروتئینخام و نسبت کنسانتره به علوفه تأثیر معنی داری بر روی pH، غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی، غلظت اسیدهای چرب فرار، نسبت استات به پروپیونات و غلظت نیتروژن اورهای خون داشت. به جز pH، تمامی فاکتورهای تخمیر شکمبهای و متابولیتهای خونی تحت تأثیر سطح پروتئینخام و نسبت کنسانتره به علوفه قرار گرفتند. تیمارها تأثیر معنی داری بر روی میزان دریافت نیتروژن (گرم در روز) و میزان دفع نیتروژن از طریق ادرار (گرم در روز، درصدی از نیتروژن خوراک) داشتند. همچنین هر دو عامل سطح پروتئینخام و نسبت کنسانتره به علوفه تأثیر معنی داری بر روی میزان دریافت نیتروژن داشتند. میزان دفع نیتروژن از طریق ادرار (گرم در روز) در برههای مصرف کننده تیمارهای دارای 18 درصد پروتئین خام، بیشتر بود. نسبت کنسانتره به علوفه تأثیر معنی داری بر روی میزان دفع نیتروژن از طریق ادرار (گرم در روز) داشت. میزان بیان ژن ناقل اوره (نوع ب) در برههای مصرف کننده تیمارهای دارای 18 درصد پروتئین خام، 56/6 بار بیشتر از برههای مصرف کننده تیمارهای دارای 14 درصد پروتئین خام بود. این نتایج نشان میدهد که میتوان از طریق تغییر نسبت علوفه به کنسانتره و سطح پروتئین خام خوراک، میزان بیان ژن ناقل اوره و در نهایت میزان نیتروژن اورهای بازگردانده شده به شکمبه را کنترل کرد. لذا تنظیم ناقلهای اوره در دیواره شکمبه از طریق خوراک میتواند نقش مهمی در کنترل نیتروژن اورهای وارد شده به مسیر هضمی ایفا کند. Manuscript profile -
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228 - تغذیه خانوادههای زنبور عسل با یک افزودنی سولفات کبالت
ر. بالکانسکا د. سالکووازنبورهای عسل (Apis melifera) برای زندگی معمول خود نیازمند پروتئین­ها، کربوهیدرات­ها، لیپیدها، ویتامین­ها و مواد معدنی هستند. به خوبی مشخص شده است که کبالت و ویتامین B12 دو ماده مغذی هستند که در گرده و گیاهانی که تأثیر مثبتی در تغذیه زنبورهای عسل داشتند، گزار Moreزنبورهای عسل (Apis melifera) برای زندگی معمول خود نیازمند پروتئین­ها، کربوهیدرات­ها، لیپیدها، ویتامین­ها و مواد معدنی هستند. به خوبی مشخص شده است که کبالت و ویتامین B12 دو ماده مغذی هستند که در گرده و گیاهانی که تأثیر مثبتی در تغذیه زنبورهای عسل داشتند، گزارش گردیده­اند. بدین منظور، هدف از این مطالعه تعیین تأثیر تغذیه خانواده­های زنبور عسل با سولفات کبالت به عنوان یک مکمل، بر ترکیب شیمیایی بدن زنبورهای کارگر و برخی از تولیدات زنبور عسل بوده است. این تحقیق در طی ماه­های می تا آگوست 2015 در بخش تحقیقات زنبور عسل موسسه علوم دامی کاستینبراد انجام دشه است. 6 خانواده زنبور عسل در قالب 3 خانواده آزمایشی (تغذیه شده با شربت شکر، شکر به آب با نسبت 1 به 1 و 4 میلی­گرم در هر لیتر سولفات کبالت به عنوان یک مکمل) و 3 خانواده شاهد (تغذیه شده فقط با شربت شکر) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که افزودن 4 میلی­گرم در هر لیتر سولفات کبالت در شربت شکر خانواده­های زنبور عسل تأثیری بر میانگین وزن و ترکیب شیمیایی زنبورهای کارگر ندارد. تفاوت­های معنی­دار آماری (05/0>P) در فعالیت دیاستاز عسل در گروه خانواده­های آزمایشی دیده شد. Manuscript profile -
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229 - عملکرد، وضعیت سلامتی و میزان آغوز میشهای دوقلوزای افشاری و رشد و زندهمانی برههای آن تحت تأثیر افزایش پروتئین قابل متابولیسم جیره در اواخر آبستنی قرار نمیگیرد
س.س. موسوی ح. امانلو ع. نیکخواه ح.ر. میرزایی الموتی ع.م. تهرانیهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثر دو سطح پروتئین قابل متابولیسم (MP) جیره غذایی در اواخر آبستنی بر عملکرد و وضعیت سلامتی میشهای افشاری و زندهمانی و رشد برهها بود. از 6 هفته قبل از زایش، 32 رأس میش افشاری به طور تصادفی به دو تیمار غذایی اختصاص یافتند، که حاوی غلظت پروتئین Moreهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثر دو سطح پروتئین قابل متابولیسم (MP) جیره غذایی در اواخر آبستنی بر عملکرد و وضعیت سلامتی میشهای افشاری و زندهمانی و رشد برهها بود. از 6 هفته قبل از زایش، 32 رأس میش افشاری به طور تصادفی به دو تیمار غذایی اختصاص یافتند، که حاوی غلظت پروتئین قابل متابولیسم کم (LMP) یا زیاد (HMP) بودند. میشها به طور انفرادی در LMP (16 رأس) و در HMP (16 رأس) به صورت ایزوکالریک (39/2 مگاکالری در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) تغذیه شدند که به ترتیب شامل 4/99 و 5/116 گرم پروتئین خام (CP) و 5/70 گرم و 6/84 گرم پروتئین قابل متابولیسم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک (DM) بود غلظتMP جیره غذایی در اواخر آبستنی، بر تغییرات وزن بدن و نمره وضعیت بدنی میشها و همچنین بر غلظت گلوکز، پروتئین کل، اسیدهای چرب آزاد غیر استریفیه (NEFA)، بتا هیدروکسی بوتیرات (bHBA)، انسولین، حساسیت به انسولین و تعداد کل گلبولهای سفید خون (WBC)، گلبولهای قرمز خون (RBC) و سایر سلولهای خون تأثیر نداشت. همینطور، مقدار و ترکیب آغوز به دست آمده در 24 ساعت اول پس از زایمان با سطحMP تغییر نیافت در نتیجه افزایش غلظت MP جیره غذایی بیشتر از نیاز استاندارد در 6 هفته قبل از زایش هیچ سودی برای میشهای دوقلوزا و برههای آنها از لحاظ عملکرد تولید و شاخصهای سلامت نداشت. Manuscript profile -
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230 - بخش بندی پروتئین خام و تولید گاز در سیلاژهای یونجه عملآوری شده با عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته در شرایط آزمایشگاه
ا. مختارپور ع.ع. ناصریان ر. ولیزاده م. دانش مسگران ف. پورملاییبه منظور بررسی بخش­های مختلف پروتئین خام و تولید گاز در شرایط آزمایشگاه در سیلاژهای یونجه عملآوری شده با سطوح مختلف عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته و ارزیابی ارزش زیستی تانن­های آن، دو آزمایش انجام شد. محصولات فرعی پسته با نسبت 1:5 (وزن به حجم) به مدت 12 ساعت در آب خیس Moreبه منظور بررسی بخش­های مختلف پروتئین خام و تولید گاز در شرایط آزمایشگاه در سیلاژهای یونجه عملآوری شده با سطوح مختلف عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته و ارزیابی ارزش زیستی تانن­های آن، دو آزمایش انجام شد. محصولات فرعی پسته با نسبت 1:5 (وزن به حجم) به مدت 12 ساعت در آب خیسانده شدند. پس از صاف کردن و تغلیظ، عصاره خام به علوفه تازه یونجه اضافه شد تا به ترتیب سطوح 1، 2 و 3 درصد ماده خشک یونجه، تانن به دست آید و سپس به مدت 60 روز سیلو شدند. چهار تیمار به این ترتیب بود؛ سیلاژ یونجه بدون عملآوری با عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته، به عنوان شاهد (T0)، اضافه کردن تانن محصولات فرعی پسته در سطح 1 درصد (T1)، 2 درصد (T2) و 3 درصد ماد خشک (T3). عملآوری سیلاژ یونجه، میزان ترکیبات نیتروژنه غیر پروتئینی را کاهش و بخش B2 را در طی سیلو شدن، افزایش داد. تولید گاز تجمعی پس از 96 ساعت انکوباسیون، قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD) و انرژی قابل متابولیسم (ME) در تیمار T2 و T3 در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد کاهش پیدا کرد. میزان تولید گاز و اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر (SCFA) در سیلاژهای عملآوری شده در حضور پلی اتیلن گلیکول (PEG) افزایش یافت که نشان می­دهد وجود ترکیبات فنولی و تانن­ها باعث کاهش تولید گاز شد. می­توان نتیجه گرفت که عملآوری سیلاژ یونجه با عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته از طریق ممانعت میکروبی، می­تواند منجر به کاهش هدرروی نیتروژن در طی سیلو شدن و کاهش تجزیه پذیری ماده آلی شود. Manuscript profile -
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231 - مدلهای آماری برای ارزیابی رفتار بهداشتی زنبورهای کارگر به روی سطح لیزوزیم و و محتوای پروتئین تام در همولنف آنها
س. لازاروو پ. ولوا آی. ژلیازکووارفتار بهداشتی 20 کلنی زنبور عسل در مناطق مختلف بلغارستان آزمون شد. درجه بیان رفتار بهداشتی توسط روش pin-killing ارزیابی شد. یک آزمون مزرعهای مربع 5 × 5 سانتی­متری نصب­شده روی بخشی از شان عسل با یک بچه کارگر چسبیده انجام شد. کلنیهای زنبور به دو گروه تقسیم Moreرفتار بهداشتی 20 کلنی زنبور عسل در مناطق مختلف بلغارستان آزمون شد. درجه بیان رفتار بهداشتی توسط روش pin-killing ارزیابی شد. یک آزمون مزرعهای مربع 5 × 5 سانتی­متری نصب­شده روی بخشی از شان عسل با یک بچه کارگر چسبیده انجام شد. کلنیهای زنبور به دو گروه تقسیم شدند: بهداشتی (پاک کردن بیش از 95 درصد سلولها در منطقه مورد آزمون در طی 48 ساعت) و غیربهداشتی (تمیز کردن کمتر از 95 درصد سلول­ها در منطقه مورد آزمون در 48 ساعت). همولنف از زنبورها از هر کلنی زنبور در 48 ساعت گرفته شد و سطوح لیزوزیم و محتوای پروتئین تام تعریف شد. آنالیز چندمتغییره (ANOVA) برای تعیین تفاوت معنیدار بین کلنیهای بهداشتی و غیربهداشتی استفاده شد. نتایج به­دست آمده تفاوتهای معنیداری بین دو گروه (P<0.05) براساس درصد سلولهای تمیز شده بعد از کشتن بچه در ساعتهای 3، 24 و 48 و تفاوتهای معنیدار بین کلنیهای بهداشتی و غیربهداشتی (P<0.05) برای هر دو پارامتر لیزوزیم و پروتئین تام نشان داد. همبستگی دو ­متغییره برای بررسی تأثیر رفتار بهداشتی روی سطوح لیزوزیم و محتوای پروتئین تام بکار گرفته شد. همبستگی ژنتیکی منفی (r=-0.33) بین پروتئین تام و رفتار بهداشتی بدست آمد که به معنی آن است که افزایش فعالیتهای مربوط به پاکسازی سلولهای شانه زنبوری منجر به کاهش محتوی پروتئین تام میشود. همبستگی پایین (r=0.35) بین رفتار بهداشتی و سطوح لیزوزیم یافت شد بدین معنی که سطوح بالاتر لیزوزیم با رفتار بهداشتی بارزتری گزارش شده است. مدل رگرسیونی محاسبه شده برای لیزوزیم (P=0.24826) به لحاظ آمتری غیرمعنیدار است اما مدل رگرسیونی برای پروتئین تام به طور آماری معنیدار است (P=0.003153) و میتواند برای پیشبینی ارتباط بین محتوی پروتئین تام در همولنف و رفتار بهداشتی کلنیهای زنبور استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
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232 - Spermatozoa Molecules in Relation to Bulls Fertility
اس.آ. لون ر. سینها آ. رحیم ب.آ. جانایی آ. سینق ن. شاه -
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233 - ارزیابی in situ تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و قابلیت هضم رودهای کنجاله آفتابگردان در مقایسه با کنجاله سویا
کا.و. ندلکووهدف از این مطالعه مقایسه ارزش غذایی کنجاله آفتابگردان (SFM) و پروتئین کنجاله سویا (SBM) توسط تعیین هم تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و هم قابل هضم رودهی بود. سه گاو غیر شیرده جرسی مجهز به کانولای شکمبهای و نوع T اثنیعشری (دئودنال) برای برآورد تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و قابلیت هضم Moreهدف از این مطالعه مقایسه ارزش غذایی کنجاله آفتابگردان (SFM) و پروتئین کنجاله سویا (SBM) توسط تعیین هم تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و هم قابل هضم رودهی بود. سه گاو غیر شیرده جرسی مجهز به کانولای شکمبهای و نوع T اثنیعشری (دئودنال) برای برآورد تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و قابلیت هضم رودهای ماده خشک (DM) SFM و SBM و پروتئین خام (CP) استفاده شدند. نمونههایی از SFM از هفت گیاه فرآوری شده آفتابگردان (SFM1 تا SFM7) جمعآوری شدند. هر دو خوراک پروتئینی برای ساعتهای 0، 2، 4، 8، 16، 24 و 48 در شش تکرار در شکمبه گاوها انکوبه شدند. سرعت تجزیهپذیری DM به طور متوسط 8/24 درصد برای SFM بود که کمتر از مقدار مشاهده شده برای SBM (2/29 درصد) بود (01/0>P). تجزیهپذیری موثر DM برای SFM (2/56 درصد/ساعت)، در میانگین نرخ خروج شکمبهای 06/0/ساعت، پایینتر بود (01/0>P) در مقایسه با نمونههای SBM (3/67 درصد/ساعت). کسر قابل شستشوی a پروتئین (CP) برای نمونههای SFM (3/25 درصد) بشتر بود (01/0>P) در مقایسه با تمامی دستههای SBM (5/16 درصد). تجزیهپذیری مؤثر پروتئین SFM (7/67 درصد/ساعت) در نرخ عبور شکمبهای 06/0/ساعت بیشتر بود (01/0>P) نسبت به SBM (63 درصد/ساعت). قابلیت هضم رودهای DM نمونههای SFM (6/42 درصد) اندازهگیری شده توسط تکنیک کیسه متحرک (01/0>P) نسبت به نمونههای SBM (9/71 درصد) پایینتر بود. قابلیت هضم رودهای پروتئین SFM (9/89 درصد) همچنین پایینتر بود (01/0>P) نسبت به SBM (6/94 درصد). نتایج این مطالعه نشان میدهد که نمونههای SBM مقاومتر به تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای نسبت به SFM بودند. دادهها پیشنهاد میدهند که تغییر پارامترهای حرارتدهی (toasting) میتواند تجزیهپذیری SFM را برای بهبود کیفیت پروتئین کاهش دهد. Manuscript profile -
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234 - برآورد برونتنی پروتئین خام قابل استفاده در محل دوازدهه گاوهای شیری حاصل از بوم جورهای مختلف گیاه کوشیا اسکوپاریا در شرایط کودهی با کود نیتروژنه
ج. فلاحتی زو م. دانش مسگران ع.ر. وکیلی م. کافی م.د. استرنهدف از انجام این مطالعه تعیین تفاوتهای احتمالی در ترکیب شیمیایی و تخمیرپذیری علوفه حاصل از بوم جور بیرجند گیاه کوشیا اسکوپاریا (Kochia scoparia) در چینهای اول و دوم بود. همچنین این مطالعه با هدف تعیین اثرات کود نیتروژنه بر ترکیب شیمیایی، تخمیرپذیری و قابلیت تأمین پروت Moreهدف از انجام این مطالعه تعیین تفاوتهای احتمالی در ترکیب شیمیایی و تخمیرپذیری علوفه حاصل از بوم جور بیرجند گیاه کوشیا اسکوپاریا (Kochia scoparia) در چینهای اول و دوم بود. همچنین این مطالعه با هدف تعیین اثرات کود نیتروژنه بر ترکیب شیمیایی، تخمیرپذیری و قابلیت تأمین پروتئین خام قابل استفاده (در محل دوازدهه گاوهای شیری) بوم جور سبزوار گیاه کوشیا اسکوپاریا انجام شد. نمونههای بوم جور بیرجند در اواسط گل دهی و نمونههای بوم جور سبزوار بلافاصله در شروع گلدهی برداشت شدند. برای ارزیابی نمونههای علوفه از لحاظ فراسنجههای تخمیرپذیری و تعیین میزان مطلق و مؤثر تأمین پروتئین خام در محل دوازدهه گاوهای شیری از دستورالعملهای متفاوت روش برونتنی تولیدگاز استفاده شد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که کوشیای بیرجند برداشت شده در چینهای اول و دوم از لحاظ فراسنجههای تولیدگاز تفاوت معنیداری با هم ندارند (05/0<P)، اما در مقایسه با چین دوم، به طور معنیداری مقدار (g/kg DM) الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (1/451) و همی سلوز (7/233) علوفه چین اول پایینتر و مقدار پروتئین (1/100) و خاکستر (4/134) آن بالاتر بود (01/0P<). نتایج آزمایش دوم نشان داد که کاربرد مقادیر متوسطی از کود شیمیایی نیتروژنه (115 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار) قادر است تا تغییرات قابل ملاحظهای را در ترکیب شیمیایی، تخمیرپذیری و تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای پروتئین علوفه کوشیای بوم جور سبزوار ایجاد کند، به طوریکه در نتیجه کوددهی، محتوای ماده خشک و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی علوفه کاهش و محتوای خاکستر و پروتئین خام آن افزایش یافت (05/0P<). افزون بر این در نتیجه کوددهی، فراسنجههای تخمیرپذیری علوفه کاهش یافتند و تأمین مقادیر مطلق و مؤثر پروتئین خام قابل استفاده در محل دوازدهه افزایش یافت که این افزایش با افزایش در محتوای پروتئین خام و پروتئین حقیقی علوفه کوددهی شده در ارتباط بود (05/0P<). Manuscript profile -
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235 - اثر چهار بافت و دو سطح پروتئین جیره غذایی بر عملکرد رشد و ابعاد بیومتری گوسالههای هلشتاین
ع. شاهورانی 1. سراج ک. جعفری خورشیدیاین تحقیق برای ارزیابی اثرات بافت و سطوح مختلف پروتئین در جیره غذایی بر عملکرد رشد و ابعاد بیومتری گوساله‏های نر هولشتاین طی دوره آغازین (از سن 1 تا 60 روزگی) انجام شد. در این آزمایش، از 56 رأس گوساله‏ نر استفاده شد و به طور تصادفی در طرح آزمایشی فاکتوریل 2 &tim Moreاین تحقیق برای ارزیابی اثرات بافت و سطوح مختلف پروتئین در جیره غذایی بر عملکرد رشد و ابعاد بیومتری گوساله‏های نر هولشتاین طی دوره آغازین (از سن 1 تا 60 روزگی) انجام شد. در این آزمایش، از 56 رأس گوساله‏ نر استفاده شد و به طور تصادفی در طرح آزمایشی فاکتوریل 2 × 4 با 4 سطح بافت جیره غذایی (آسیاب شده، آجیلی، پلت شده و دانه‏ای) و دو سطح پروتئین (22 و 24 درصد) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 8 تیمار و 7 تکرار قرار داده شدند. صفات مورد اندازه‏گیری عبارت بودند از: افزایش وزن بدن، میانگین خوراک مصرفی روزانه، دمای بدن، ابعاد بیومتری (ارتفاع از جدوگاه، طول و عمق دوره سینه)، شاخص‏های خونی (گلوکز و بتا هیدروکسی بوتیرات)، امتیاز مدفوع و اسیدهای چرب شکمبه. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین مصرف خوراک، وزن بدن و غلظت گلوکز و بتاهیدروکسی‏بوتیرات در خون برای دو سطح پروتئین اختلافی نداشتند. امّا ساختار خوراک عمدتاً بر این صفات مؤثر بود. جیره‏ آجیلی سبب افزایش مصرف خوراک و وزن زنده شدند. جیره‏ آسیاب شده سبب افزایش تولید اسیدهای چرب فرّار درون شکمبه‏ گوساله‏ها شد. بافت جیره بر ابعاد بیومتری تأثیر داشت. جیره‏ دانه‏ای و آجیلی سبب افزایش ارتفاع بدن و دور سینه شدند. امتیاز مدفوع و تراکم اسیدهای چرب فرار با مصرف جیره‏های مختلف دارای تغییراتی بود ولی اختلاف معنی‏داری مشاهده نشد. در رابطه با دمای بدن، جیره‏های آجیلی و پلت شده‏ی حاوی 22 درصد پروتئین سبب افزایش دمای بدن شده و جیره‏ آسیاب شده سبب کاهش دمای بدن به میزان 25/0 درجه‏ سانتی‏گراد گردید و نشان داد که تغییر بافت جیره‏ غذایی ممکن است ابزار مفیدی برای کنترل استرس گرمایی باشد. یافته‏های این تحقیق نشان داد که مصرف جیره‏ استارتر آجیلی سبب افزایش مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن معنیدار در مقایسه با بافت آسیاب شده، دانه‏ای و پلت شده گردید. پیشنهاد می‏گردد برای افزایش عملکرد رشد دوره‏ پرورش گوساله از آن استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
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237 - Effect of Different Amounts of Protein and Varying Proportions of Corn Silage and Alfalfa Hay on Milk Production and Nitrogen Excretion of Dairy Holstein Cows
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239 - بررسی بیان پنج ژن مرتبط با تنش در مرغان بومی خراسان تحت تنش گرمایی حاد
ر. توحیدی م.ر. نصیری ع. جوادمنش آ. جوانمرددمای بالا یکی از فاکتورهای اصلی محیطی مؤثر بر کاهش سود اقتصادی واحدهای پرورش طیور است زیرا، رشد و تولید پرنده را مختل می‎کند. پروتئین‎های شوک گرمایی (HSPs) نقش کلیدی در مکانیسم دفاعی سلولی علیه گرمای محیطی دارند. هدف از انجام مطالعه حاضر، بررسی میزان بیان ژن&lrm Moreدمای بالا یکی از فاکتورهای اصلی محیطی مؤثر بر کاهش سود اقتصادی واحدهای پرورش طیور است زیرا، رشد و تولید پرنده را مختل می‎کند. پروتئین‎های شوک گرمایی (HSPs) نقش کلیدی در مکانیسم دفاعی سلولی علیه گرمای محیطی دارند. هدف از انجام مطالعه حاضر، بررسی میزان بیان ژن‎های کاندیدا در کبد مرغان بومی خراسان تحت تنش گرمایی حاد بود. برای این منظور 16 جوجه 42 روزه به دو گروه تقسیم شدند؛ شاهد (دمای محیطی °C25 و رطوبت 50 درصد) و تحت تنش گرمایی (دمای محیطی °C42 و رطوبت 50 درصد)، و سپس از کبد آن‎ها نمونه‎برداری شد. سطح بیان ژن‎های HSPB1، HSPB9، SERPINH1، HSPA2 و HSP110 با روش RT-qPCR اندازه‎گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که بیان ژن‎های HSPA2 و HSP110 به طور معنی‎داری افزایش داشت. سه فرایند از فرایندهای بیولوژیکی هستی‎شناسی ژنی دارای FDR کمتر از 0.01 بودند. ژن‎های HSPA2 و HSPB1 در این فرایندها شرکت داشتند که باعث تحریک سلول‎ها در برابر افزایش دما می‎شدند. این نتایج نشان می‎دهند که مرغان بومی خراسان مقاومت مطلوبی در برابر تنش گرمایی حاد دارند. همچنین، ژن HSPA2توانایی بیان زیاد در دمای محیطی بالا برای حفظ ساختار پروتئین‎های سلولی را دارد. Manuscript profile -
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240 - بررسی اثرات وابسته به مقدار اسانسهای گیاهی مختلف اصلاحکننده فلور میکروبی شکمبه بر تجزیهپذیری پروتئین با استفاده از روش نوین برون تنی تولید گاز
م. دانش مسگران م.ر. نظری ع.ر. وکیلی ج. فلاحتی زو س. فداییهدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی اثرات مقدار مختلف اسانس­های گیاهی آویشن و دارچین بر تجزیه­پذیری شکمبه­ای پروتئین یک جیره کاملاً مخلوط تجاری دارای 16 درصد پروتئین خام با استفاده از روش نوین تولیدگاز بود. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از؛ جیره کاملاً مخلوط بدون ا Moreهدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی اثرات مقدار مختلف اسانس­های گیاهی آویشن و دارچین بر تجزیه­پذیری شکمبه­ای پروتئین یک جیره کاملاً مخلوط تجاری دارای 16 درصد پروتئین خام با استفاده از روش نوین تولیدگاز بود. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از؛ جیره کاملاً مخلوط بدون اسانس (تیمار شاهد)، شاهد + 25 میکرولیتر اسانس آویشن، شاهد + 50 میکرولیتر اسانس آویبشن، شاهد + 25 میکرولیتر اسانس دارچین و شاهد + 50 میکرولیتر اسانس دارچین. مایع شکمبه مورد استفاده در آزمایش از دو رأس گاو شیرده (دارای وزن 38±640 کیلوگرم) دارای فیستولای شکمبه­ای و قبل از غذا دهی صبحگاهی گرفته شد. حدود 90 میلی­لیتر مایع شکمبه بافری شده به 400 میلی­گرم خوراک و مخلوطی از کربوهیدرات­های سریع التخمیر (شامل مالتوز، زایلوز و نشاسته) با چهار سطح متفاوت (100، 200، 300 و 400 میلی­گرم) در شیشه­های کشت دارای درپیچ مخصوص اضافه شد. هر یک از اسانس­ها در سه حجم متفاوت (صفر، 25 و 50 میکرولیتر به ازای 90 میلی­لیتر مایع شکمبه) استفاده شدند. نمونه فاقد اسانس به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد. در زمان­های 4، 8، 12، 24 و 30 ساعت پس از شروع کشت، میزان تولید گاز (برحسب میلی­لیتر) و غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی (بر حسب میلی­گرم) اندازه­گیری شد و تجزیه­پذیری پروتئین در شرایط برون تنی با استفاده از عرض از مبدأ معادله تابعیت خطی غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی (متغیر وابسته) و تولیدگاز (متغیر اصلی) محاسبه شد. هر دو اسانس آویشن و دارچین تجزیه­پذیری پروتئین جیره کاملاً مخلوط تجاری را نسبت به تیمار شاهد به طور معنی­داری کاهش دادند (05/0P<). تجزیه­پذیری پروتئین برای شاهد، تیمار حاوی 50 میکرولیتر اسانس آویشن و تیمار حاوی 50 میکرولیتر اسانس دارچین به ترتیب 56/0، 33/0 و 48/0 بود. مقدار هر یک از بخش­های سریع تجزیه­ شونده و کند تجزیه شونده پروتئین خوراک به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار گرفت (05/0P<). همچنین، تجزیه­پذیری مؤثر پروتئین در شکمبه نیز به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر اسانس­های گیاهی قرار گرفت (05/0P<). این نتایج نشان دادند که ممکن است بتوان از اسانس­های گیاهی در جهت دست ورزی تجزیه­پذیری پروتئین در شکمبه استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
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241 - اثر عملآوری مکملهای پروتئینی با تانن استخراج شده از پوسته پسته بر عملکرد گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین در ابتدای شیردهی
م. شریفی ع.ع. ناصرانی ع.م. طهماسبی ر. ولیزادهاین آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثر عمل­آوری مکمل­های پروتئینی با تانن پوسته پسته بر قابلیت هضم، تخمیر شکمبهایی و عملکرد گاوهای شیری طراحی شد. مقدار یک واحد از محصولات فرعی پوسته پسته داخل چهار واحد آب به مدت 48 ساعت خیسانده شد. پس از 48 ساعت محصولات فرعی پوسته پست Moreاین آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثر عمل­آوری مکمل­های پروتئینی با تانن پوسته پسته بر قابلیت هضم، تخمیر شکمبهایی و عملکرد گاوهای شیری طراحی شد. مقدار یک واحد از محصولات فرعی پوسته پسته داخل چهار واحد آب به مدت 48 ساعت خیسانده شد. پس از 48 ساعت محصولات فرعی پوسته پسته از آب خارج گردید و عصاره حاصل به نسبت مساوی 1:1 بر روی مکملهای پروتیئنی (کانولا و سویا) افشانده گردید و در سایه خشک شد. هشت رأس گاو شیری هلشتاین شکم اول با میانگین روزهای شیردهی27 ± 49 و تولید شیر 4 ± 38 کیلوگرم در روز در قالب یک طرح مربع لاتین 4 × 4 تکرار شده استفاده شد. طول دوره آزمایش شامل چهار دوره 21 روزه شامل 14 روز عادت پذیری و هفت روز جمعآوری نمونه در هر دوره بود. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 1) جیره بر پایه کنجاله سویا 2) جیره بر پایه کنجاله سویا عمل­آوری شده با تانن 3) جیره بر پایه کنجاله کانولا 4) جیره بر پایه کنجاله کانولا عمل­آوری شده با تانن بودند. افشاندن تانن بر روی منبع پروتئینی سویا سبب افزایش میزان تانن آن به میزان 370 و 246 درصد به ترتیب در کنجاله سویا و کانولا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی تأثیری بر میانگین مصرف ماده خشک، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی در کل لوله گوارشی نداشتند. عمل­آوری منابع پروتئینی با تانن اگر چه تأثیرمعنی داری بر تولید و ترکیب شیر نداشت اما گاوهای تغذیه شده با تاننها شیر و پروتئین بیشتری تولید کردند. تاننها نیتروژن آمونیاکی را تنها در تیمار کانولا کاهش دادند، تیمار سویا دارای بیشترین و تیمار کانولا عملآوری شده با تانن دارای کمترین میزان ازت آمونیاکی بود. عملآوری مکملهای پروتئینی با تانن باعت کاهش pH شکمبه گردید، تیمار سویا دارای بیشترین و تیمار کانولا عملآوری شده با تانن دارای کمترین میزان pH بود. اگرچه نیتروژن اوره خون تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت، عملآوری جیرهها با تانن سبب کاهش خطی آن گردید. سایر متابولیتهای خونی تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفتند. نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که تحت شرایط آزمایش حاضر، عمل­آوری مکملهای پروتئینی با تانن هیچ گونه اثر منفی بر حیوانات ندارد، آزمایشهای بیشتر باید در این راستا و در جیرههای حاوی سطوح بالاتری از تانن انجام گردد. Manuscript profile -
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242 - تعیین قابلیت هضم ظاهری و حقیقی پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور در جوجههای گوشتی
A. Zarei V. Jaberzadeh B. Hemmatiبه منظور تعیین قابلیت هضم ظاهری و حقیقی پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور با استفاده از نمونه برداری ایلئومی، آزمایشی بر روی 60 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 انجام شد. به همین منظور نمونه پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور از دو کارخانه تولیدی در استان البرز جمعآوری و جهت آنالیز تقری Moreبه منظور تعیین قابلیت هضم ظاهری و حقیقی پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور با استفاده از نمونه برداری ایلئومی، آزمایشی بر روی 60 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 انجام شد. به همین منظور نمونه پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور از دو کارخانه تولیدی در استان البرز جمعآوری و جهت آنالیز تقریبی شیمیایی به آزمایشگاه ارسال گردیدند. در مرحله بعد قابلیت هضم ظاهری و حقیقی نمونهها در جوجههای گوشتی با تکنیک نمونه برداری ایلئومی اندازهگیری شد. برای این منظور پرندگان از جیرههای تجارتی آغازین و رشد تا سن 30 روزگی تغذیه نمودند. درسن 30 روزگی 60 پرنده با وزن بدن تقریبا یکسان(4±38 گرم) به 12 گروه 5 قطعهای اختصاص داده شدند. آزمایش شامل 3 جیره غذایی بود که دو جیره حاوی دو نمونه پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور و یک جیره فاقد نیتروژن بودند. بنابراین هر تیمار شامل 4 تکرار 5 قطعهای بود. قابلیت هضم ظاهری جیرهها با استفاده از محتویات ایلئوم و نشانگر دی اکسید کروم اندازهگیری شد. مقادیر قابلیت هضم حقیقی با در نظر گرفتن دفع آندوژنوس ناشی از جیره بدون نیتروژن محاسبه گردیدند. در سن 42 روزگی با استفاده از گاز دی اکسید کربن پرندهها کشتار و محتوای ایلئومی آنها استخراج شد. قابلیت هضم ظاهری و قابلیت هضم حقیقی پروتئین، کلسیم، فسفر و همچنین انرژی قابل متابولیسم محاسبه گردیدند. نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که از نظر ترکیب شیمیایی و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی بین دو نمونه پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور تفاوت معنیداری وجود دارد. AME و AMEn در نمونه 2 بیشتر ازنمونه 1 بود (به ترتیب: 75/137±3665 در مقابل 85/2±3241 و 45/134±3495 در مقابل 5/1±3111) اما این اختلاف معنیدار نبود. Manuscript profile -
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243 - تأثیر چین و کیفیت آب آبیاری رو ترکیب شیمیایی و تجزیهپذیری in situ شکمبهای یونجه
م. قدمی ا. تیموری یانسری ی. چاشنیدلهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات چین و کیفیت آب آبیاری رو ترکیب شیمیایی و ماده خشک (DM) in situ، پروتئین خام (CP) و تجزیهپذیری الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) یونجه بود. سه گوسفند زل فیستوله شده (تقریباً 2 ساله) در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی برای ارزیابی تجزیهپذیری in siut Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات چین و کیفیت آب آبیاری رو ترکیب شیمیایی و ماده خشک (DM) in situ، پروتئین خام (CP) و تجزیهپذیری الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) یونجه بود. سه گوسفند زل فیستوله شده (تقریباً 2 ساله) در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی برای ارزیابی تجزیهپذیری in siut شکمبهای استفاده شدند. زمانهای انکوباسیون شکمبهای ساعتهای 0، 3، 6، 9، 12، 24، 48 و 72 را شامل شد. نتایج نشان دادند که افزایش بلوغ چین و آبیاری با آب شور به طور معنیداری باعث افزایش اجزاء دیواره سلولی (011/0P=) و کاهش غلظتهای پروتئین در یونجه (0001/0P=) میشود. به استثنای سرعت تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای DM که در چین اول یونجه بالا بود، پارامترهای دیگر تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای DM معنیدار نبودند. تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای NDF در دومین چین یونجه، که با آب شور آبیاری شده بود، بالاتر بود (0143/0P=). نرخ تجزیهپذیری NDF در چین اول یونجه، و تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای مؤثر NDF در نرخ عبور متفاوت در یونجهای که با آب شور آبیاری شده بود بالاتر بودند. تجزیهپذیری آهسته شکمبهای CP (001/0P=) و تجزیهپذیری مؤثر در نرخ عبور متفاوت یونجه، که با آب شور آبیاری شده، بالاتر بود. چین روی تجزیهپذیری CP یونجه اثر نداشت. آزمایش ما نشان میدهد که افزایش شوری آب اثر منفی روی کیفیت علوفه یونجه نداشت. Manuscript profile -
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244 - اثرات سطوح انرژی و پروتئین جیره مادری در اواخر آبستنی بر رشد، برخی پارامترهای خونی، سلامتی و عملکرد بزغالهها در ماه اول زندگی
ر. رحمانی فیروزی ا. تیموری یانسری ع. دیرندهاین مطالعه به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح انرژی و پروتئین جیره مادری بر رشد، برخی پارامترهای خونی، سلامتی و عملکرد بزغاله­ها در ماه اول زندگی­شان انجام شد. 95 روز بعد از جفت­گیری ، 28 بز آبستن در 4 گروه تیمار قرار گرفتند و با جیره­های آزمایشی شامل 1) Moreاین مطالعه به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح انرژی و پروتئین جیره مادری بر رشد، برخی پارامترهای خونی، سلامتی و عملکرد بزغاله­ها در ماه اول زندگی­شان انجام شد. 95 روز بعد از جفت­گیری ، 28 بز آبستن در 4 گروه تیمار قرار گرفتند و با جیره­های آزمایشی شامل 1) انرژی و پروتئین پایین 2) پروتئین بالا انرژی پایین 3) پروتئین پایین و انرژی بالا، و 4) پروتئین و انرژی بالا تغذیه شدند. در همه تیمارها، وزن بدن در 1 و 28 روز بعد زایش کاهش یافت. وزن تولد بزغاله­ها بین 4 گروه مشابه بود اما تیمارهای پروتئین و انرژی پایین، پروتئین پایین انرژی بالا و پروتئین و انرژی بالا از نظر عددی وزن تولد پایینتری داشتند. وزن 7، 14، 21، 28 روزگی و وزن نهایی و افزایش وزن روزانه بزغاله­ها به طور معنی­داری در تیمار پروتئین بالا نسبت به گروه­های دیگر بیشتر بود. در این آزمایش، وزن بدن و افزایش وزن روزانه بزغاله­ها در 7، 14، 21 و 28 روزگی ودر کل آزمایش افزایش یافت. به هر حال غلظت انرژی اثر معنی­داری بر وزن بدن و افزایش وزن روزانه بزغاله­ها نداشت. غلظت پلاسمایی تری­گلیسرید و توتال پروتئین به طور معنی­داری در گروه پروتئین و انرژی بالا و غلظت گلوکز در گروه پروتئین بالا انرژی پایین افزایش یافت. تولید شیر در پاسخ به پروتئین خام جیره افزایش یافت. نتایج نشان داد که تغذیه مادری اثرات مثبت بر وزن و صفات بیومتریک بزغاله دارد. Manuscript profile -
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245 - Dietary Supplementation of Enzymes: An Approach to Mitigate Ammonia Emission during Broiler Production
S. Sugiharto I. Agusetyaningsih E. Widiastuti H.I. Wahyuni T. Yudiarti T.A. Sartono -
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246 - تأثیر منابع مختلف پروتئینی در جیره فلاشینگ بر برخی از پارامترهای خونی و عملکرد تولیدمثلی گوسفند قزل
ح. دقیق کیا آ. احمدفاضل ع. حسین خانیبه منظور مطالعه اثر منابع مختلف مکمل­های نیتروژنی در جیره فلاشینگ بر عملکرد تولیدمثلی، شصت میش قزل (5/3 ساله) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایش به پنج گروه تقسیم شدند: گروه A: اوره؛ گروه B: کنجاله سویا (SBM)؛ گروه C: کنجاله گلوتن ذرت (CGM)؛ گروه D: دانه جو و گ Moreبه منظور مطالعه اثر منابع مختلف مکمل­های نیتروژنی در جیره فلاشینگ بر عملکرد تولیدمثلی، شصت میش قزل (5/3 ساله) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایش به پنج گروه تقسیم شدند: گروه A: اوره؛ گروه B: کنجاله سویا (SBM)؛ گروه C: کنجاله گلوتن ذرت (CGM)؛ گروه D: دانه جو و گروه E: کنترل یا جیره پایه (بدون فلاشینگ). مقدار نیتروژن و انرژی در هر چهار گروه دریافت­کننده جیره فلاشینگ تقریبا یکسان بود (پروتئین خام (CP)=5/10 درصد؛ انرژی قابل متابولیسم (ME): 1/2 Mcal/kg). گروه دریافت­کننده کنجاله گلوتن ذرت و کنترل به ترتیب بالاترین و پائین­ترین تعداد بره متولد شده را داشتند (16 در مقابل 9 بره). در گروه­های دریافت­کننده جیره­های فلاشینگ، میانگین مقادیر گلوکز، پروتئین و انسولین سرم خون نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش داشت؛ اما بیشترین مقادیر گلوکز، انسولین، کلسترول و BUN به ترتیب در تیمارهای دریافت­کننده جیره با کنجاله سویا، گلوتن ذرت، دانه جو و اوره مشاهده شد. استفاده از منابع مناسب پروتئینی در جیره فلاشینگ مخصوصاً پروتئین­های عبوری یا غیر قابل تجزیه در شکمبه (نظیر کنجاله گلوتن ذرت)، می­تواند باعث بهبود عملکرد تولیدمثلی و بهره­وری گله شده و سود پرورش دهندگان گوسفند را به بیشترین میزان خود برساند. Manuscript profile -
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247 - تأثیر پروتئین خام پلاسمای سمینال گاوی روی انجماد اسپرم بز
ت. وایو سوپرایوگی س. سوسیلواتیاین پژوهش با هدف بهبود کیفیت انجماد اسپرم بز برای تلقیح مصنوعی توسط اضافه کردن پروتئین خام پلاسمای سمینال گاوی انجام شد. اسپرم از گاوها جمعآوری شد و برای بهدست آوردن پلاسمای سمینال سانتریفیوژ شد. سپس برای بهدست آوردن پروتئین خام تخلیص شد. رقیقکننده استفاده شده در ای Moreاین پژوهش با هدف بهبود کیفیت انجماد اسپرم بز برای تلقیح مصنوعی توسط اضافه کردن پروتئین خام پلاسمای سمینال گاوی انجام شد. اسپرم از گاوها جمعآوری شد و برای بهدست آوردن پلاسمای سمینال سانتریفیوژ شد. سپس برای بهدست آوردن پروتئین خام تخلیص شد. رقیقکننده استفاده شده در این پژوهش زرده تخم مرغ بود. سه گروه وجود داشت، گروه شاهد بدون پروتئین خام (P0)؛ اضافه کردن 2.5 میلیگرم پروتئین خام به ازای میلیلیتر رقیق­کننده (P1)؛ و اضافه کردن 5 میلیگرم پروتئین خام به ازای میلیلیتر رقیق­کننده (P2). نتایج نشان دادند که P1 بیشترین درصد حرکت پیشرونده و زندهمانی را داشت. در این بین، P1 کمترین درصد بیان سیتوکروم C را داشت. کمترین درصد بیان سیتوکروم C نشان میدهد که میتوکندری عملکرد خوبی دارد. بنابراین، با اضافه کردن 2.6 میلیگرم پروتئین خام به ازای میلیلیتر رقیقکننده، کیفیت اسپرم فریز شده بز به لحاظ جنبایی اسپرم، زندهمانی، و بیان سیتوکروم C در اسپرماتوزوآ میتواند بهبود یابد. Manuscript profile -
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248 - اثرات پروتئین غیرقابل تجزیه در شکمبه روی توان تولیدی و توازن نیتروژن گاوهای تازهزای هلشتاین
م. ابوذر ف. نیازیعرضه پروتئین قابل متابولیسم (MP) و توازن اسیدهایآمینه از راه انتخاب منابع قابل هضم از RUP میتواند مورد دستکاری قرار گیرد. اثرات آن روی بازده تولیدی و مورد استفاده قرار گرفتن نیتروژن گاوهای شیری تازهزا تعیین شد. برای انجام این طرح از تعداد 42 رأس گاو هلشتاین تازه Moreعرضه پروتئین قابل متابولیسم (MP) و توازن اسیدهایآمینه از راه انتخاب منابع قابل هضم از RUP میتواند مورد دستکاری قرار گیرد. اثرات آن روی بازده تولیدی و مورد استفاده قرار گرفتن نیتروژن گاوهای شیری تازهزا تعیین شد. برای انجام این طرح از تعداد 42 رأس گاو هلشتاین تازهزا چند شکمزا و 16 رأس شکم اول در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی بلافاصله پس از زایش به مدت 3 هفته استفاده شد و سپس همگی یک جیره را تا 120 روز پس از زایش دریافت کردند. از سه تیمار آزمایشی با سه غلظت مختلف RUP (به ترتیب، تیمار اول 65/6 درصد RUP، تیمار دوم 72/7 درصد، و تیمار سوم 79/8 درصد بر اساس مادهخشک) بدون تغییر در RDP (3/11 درصد) استفاده شد. جیرهها حاوی 30/26 درصد یونجه خشک، 60/12 درصد ذرت سیلوشده، 50/9 درصد تفاله چغندر، و 5/51 درصد کنسانتره بر اساس ماده خشک بودند. اجزای جیرهها در بین تیمارها یکسان بودند به جز پودرماهی و کنجاله گلوتن ذرت که در جایگزینی نسبی با دانه جو و کنجاله سویا استفاده شد. ماده خشک مصرفی تفاوت معنیدار نداشت، ولی افزایش عددی داشت. دادههای تولید شیر و تولید شیر تصحیح شده برای درصدهای مختلف چربی نیز تفاوت معنیدار داشتند (05/0>P). ترکیبات شیر به جز پروتئین شیر که تفاوت معنیدار در بین تیمارها داشت (05/0>P)، از لحاظ آماری تفاوتی را نشان ندادند. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری نشان داد که تغییرات امتیاز شرایط بدنی با مصرف جیرههای دارای RUP بالاتر بهبود معنیداری داشت (05/0>P). نیتروژن اورهای شیر تفاوت معنیدار داشت (05/0>P). روند تغییرات نیتروژن پیشبینی شده ادراری همانند نیتروژن اورهای شیر بود. نیتروژنمصرفی نیز در بین تیمارها افزایش معنیدار نشان داد (05/0>P). قابلیتهضم مادهخشک و پروتئینخام افزایش معنیداری داشتند (05/0>P). در تیمار دارای RUP بالاتر نشان دادند. به طور کلی جیره با RUP بالاتر توانست از موبیلیزاسیون بیش از حد بافتهای بدن پیشگیری کند و تولید شیر و تولیدمثل حیوان را به طور معنیداری بهبود بخشد و گلوکز خون که شاخص مهمی در اوایل دوره پس از زایش است را افزایش دهد. Manuscript profile -
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249 - The Effect of Different Dietary Crude Protein Content on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Metabolites of Cull Bali Cows Fed on Urea-Treated Rice Straw
I.G.N. Jelantik G.E.M. Malelak I. Benu C.L.O. Leo-Penu -
Open Access Article
250 - اثر تانن استخراجی از محصول فرعی پوسته پسته بر میزان تولید گاز و فراسنجههای برآورد شده
ام. شریفی آ.آ. ناصریان اچ. خراسانیاین مطالعه بهمنظور بررسی اثرات عملآوری مکملهای پروتئینی با عصاره تانن استخراجی از محصول فرعی پسته بر میزان تولید گاز و فراسنجههای برآوردی انجام گرفت. یک نسبت از پوسته پسته با چهار نسبت از آب به مدت 48 ساعت مخلوط گردید. عصاره بهدستآمده بر روی کنجاله سویا و کنجاله ک Moreاین مطالعه بهمنظور بررسی اثرات عملآوری مکملهای پروتئینی با عصاره تانن استخراجی از محصول فرعی پسته بر میزان تولید گاز و فراسنجههای برآوردی انجام گرفت. یک نسبت از پوسته پسته با چهار نسبت از آب به مدت 48 ساعت مخلوط گردید. عصاره بهدستآمده بر روی کنجاله سویا و کنجاله کانولا با نسبت یک به یک افشانه گردید (v/w 1:1)، سپس در سایه خشک گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 1) جیره بر پایه کنجاله سویا، 2) جیره بر پایه کنجاله سویا عملآوریشده با تانن، 3) جیره بر پایه کنجاله کانولا و 4) جیره بر پایه کنجاله کانولا عملآوری شده با تانن بودند. کنیتیک تولید گاز با استفاده از مدل نمایی برازش داده شد. پس از 48 ساعت انکوباسیون، مقداری از مایع هر سرنگ برای تعیین غلظت ازت آمونیاکی با استفاده از روش تقطیر مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج بهدستآمده از این مطالعه نشان داد که افشاندن عصاره تانن بر روی منبع پروتئینی سبب افزایش تانن بهترتیب بهمیزان 4/4 و 13/3 در کنجاله کانولا و کنجاله سویا میشود. اگرچه میزان تولید گاز، بخش b و بخش c با عملآوری مکملآوری پروتئینی نسبت به مکمل پروتئینی عملآوری نشده کاهش یافت، اما این کاهش معنیدار نبود. اثر عصاره تانن بر روی میزان ازت آمونیاکی معنیدار بود (05/0P<). میزان ازت آمونیاکی برای مکمل سویا که دارای کمترین میزان تانن بود بیشترین و و برای کنجاله عملآوری شده با تانن که دارای بیشترین میزان تانن بود کمترین بود. قابلیت هضم ماده آلی، انرژی قابل متابولیسم و اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر با عصاره تانن به طور معنیداری کاهش یافت. کنجاله سویا عملآوری نشده دارای بیشترین و کنجاله کانولا عملآوری شده دارای کمترین میزان قابلیت هضم ماده آلی، انرژی قابل متابولیسم و اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر بود. بنابراین عملآوری مکملهای پروتئینی با عصاره تانن میزان تولید گاز و فراسنجههای برآورد شده را کاهش میدهد. Manuscript profile -
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251 - تأثیر سطوح مختلف پروتئین در جیرههای بر مبنای اسید آمینه کل و قابل هضم بر روی عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی سویه کاب
ح. قربانعلی زارعی ا. ح. نوروزیانبه منظور بررسی اثرات استفاده از سطوح مختلف پروتئین در جیره غذایی تنظیم شده بر اساس اسیدهای آمینه کل و قابل هضم بر روی عملکرد و خصوصیات لاشه جوجه­های گوشتی، آزمایشی با استفاده از 288 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه کاب 500 با وزن اولیه یکسان در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با 6 Moreبه منظور بررسی اثرات استفاده از سطوح مختلف پروتئین در جیره غذایی تنظیم شده بر اساس اسیدهای آمینه کل و قابل هضم بر روی عملکرد و خصوصیات لاشه جوجه­های گوشتی، آزمایشی با استفاده از 288 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه کاب 500 با وزن اولیه یکسان در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با 6 تیمار و 3 تکرار 16 قطعهای انجام شد. تیماره شامل جیرههای غذایی زیر بودند: جیره با یک سطح پایینتر از سطح پروتئین توصیه شده در کاتالوگ سویه کاب500 و تنظیم شده بر اساس اسیدهای آمینه قابل هضم، جیره با سطح پروتئین توصیه شده در کاتالوگ سویه کاب 500 و تنظیم شده بر اساس اسیدهای آمینه قابل هضم، جیره با پروتئین یک سطح بالاتر از سطح پروتئین توصیه شده در کاتالوگ سویه کاب 500 و تنظیم شده بر اساس اسیدهای آمینه قابل هضم، جیره با پروتئین یک سطح پایینتر از سطح پروتئین توصیه شده در کاتالوگ سویه کاب 500 و تنظیم شده بر اساس اسیدهای آمینه کل، جیره با سطح پروتئین توصیه شده در کاتالوگ سویه کاب 500 و تنظیم شده بر اساس اسیدهای آمینه کل، جیره با پروتئین یک سطح بالاتر از سطح پروتئین توصیه شده در کاتالوگ سویه کاب 500 و تنظیم شده بر اساس اسیدهای آمینه کل. انرژی متابولیسمی جیرهها ثابت در نظر گرفته شد و جیرهها به مدت 42 روز به جوجهها داده شدند. در طول آزمایش صفات افزایش وزن، خوراک مصرفی، ضریب تبدیل غذایی، میزان گوشت سینه و چربی محوطه بطنی اندازهگیری شدند. در پایان آزمایش از هر تکرار 4 جوجه (دو نر و دو ماده) به صورت تصادفی انتخاب و اجزاء لاشه آنها مورد تجزیه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تنظیم سطح پروتئین اسیدهای آمینه کل برای جیره نویسی جوجههای گوشتی سویه کاب 500 عملکرد بهتری نسبت به اسیدهای آمینه قابل هضم دارد. Manuscript profile -
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252 - اثرات سطح پروتئین خام جیره و تراکم در واحد سطح روی عملکرد رشد، ابقاء مواد تغذیهای، پروفایلهای خون، و وزن لاشه بلدرچینهای گوشتی در حال رشد
وی. بونتیام اس. سنگسوپونجیت آ. کلومپانیادو آزمایش برای ارزیابی اثر تراکم در واحد سطح روی عملکرد بلدرچین درحال رشد گوشتی (آزمایش 1) و اثر سطوح پروتئین خام جیره (CP) و تراکم در واحد سطح روی عملکرد رشد، ابقاء مواد تغذیهای، متابولیتهای خونی، و وزن لاشه بلدرچینهای در حال رشد گوشتی تحت دمای محیطی بالا (آزمایش 2) Moreدو آزمایش برای ارزیابی اثر تراکم در واحد سطح روی عملکرد بلدرچین درحال رشد گوشتی (آزمایش 1) و اثر سطوح پروتئین خام جیره (CP) و تراکم در واحد سطح روی عملکرد رشد، ابقاء مواد تغذیهای، متابولیتهای خونی، و وزن لاشه بلدرچینهای در حال رشد گوشتی تحت دمای محیطی بالا (آزمایش 2) انجام شد. 308 بلدرچین نر در حال رشد گوشتی تحت 4 تراکم در واحد سطح متفاوت از 13، 17، 21 و 25 بلدرچین به ازای قفس پرورش داده شدند (آزمایش 1). هر تیمار در 5 تکرار با استفاده از طرح کاملاً تصادفی بکارگرفته شدند. در آزمایش 2، 600 بلدرچین درحال رشد نر به 6 تیمار (5 تکرار) با 2 تراکم در واحد سطح (17 و 23 بلدرچین به ازای قفس) و 3 سطح از CP (20، 22 و 24 درصد) در یک طرح فاکتوریل 3 × 2 اختصاص یافتند. در آزمایش 1، بلدرچینهای در حال رشد پرورش یافته در قفسهایی با 25 پرنده وزن بدن (BW) و رشد وزنی بدن (BWG) سبکتر در مقایسه با قفسهای دارای 13 و 17 بلدرچین داشتند (05/0>P). کاهشهای خطی در BW (008/0P=)، خوراک مصرفی (033/0P=) و BWG (012/0P=) همراه با افزایش تراکم در واحد سطح شناسایی شدند. در آزمایش 2، سطوح CP و تراکم در واحد سطح اثری روی عملکرد رشد، ابقاء مواد تغذیهای، پروفایلهای خونی، و وزن لاشه نسبی نداشتند (05/0<P). با این حال، سطح پروتئین 20 درصد به طور معنیداری قابلیت هضم پروتئین را افزایش و غلظت اسید اوریک را در مقایسه با CP 24 درصد کاهش داد (05/0>P). به علاوه، افزایش نسبی وزن سینه در بلدرچینهای پرورش یافته تحت یک تراکم در واحد سطح بالا تشخیص داده شد. بلدرچینهای در حال رشد گوشتی عملکرد رشد در تراکم 10/32 تا 85/51 پرنده/m2بیشتری دارند. با یک جیره 20 درصد CP، عملکرد رشد افزایش داشت و قابلیت هضم CP مشاهده شد. Manuscript profile -
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253 - Effects of Horsetail (Equisetum arvense), Vitamin C and Organic Zinc Supplements on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield, Serum Biochemical Values and Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens
S. Azimi-Youvalari M. Daneshyar S.M. Abtahi-Froushani S. Payvastegan -
Open Access Article
254 - Dual Promoter Vector Construction for Simultaneous Gene Expression Using Spliced Overlap Extension by Polymerase Chain Reaction (SOE-PCR) Technique
م.ه. سخاوتی م. طهمورثپور ط. عباسی-دلوئی س. یوسفی ع.ا. خبیری ر. اکبری E. شکاری -
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255 - بررسی چندشکلی ژنهای GDF9 و BMP15 در گوسفند مهربان برای یافتن جهشهای تأثیرگذار روی پروتیئن
ا. احمدی ف. افراز ر. طالبی ع. فرحآور س.م.ف. وحیدیبهره­گیری از ژن­های عمده­ باروری از قبیل GDF9 و BMP15 به بهبود صفات تولیدمثلی در برنامه­های اصلاح نژادی گوسفند کمک شایانی خواهد نمود. به منظور ارزیابی جهش­های نقطه­ای بر روی عملکرد پروتئین، چندشکلی ژن­های GDF9 و BMP15 بر روی 12 گوسفند مهربان Moreبهره­گیری از ژن­های عمده­ باروری از قبیل GDF9 و BMP15 به بهبود صفات تولیدمثلی در برنامه­های اصلاح نژادی گوسفند کمک شایانی خواهد نمود. به منظور ارزیابی جهش­های نقطه­ای بر روی عملکرد پروتئین، چندشکلی ژن­های GDF9 و BMP15 بر روی 12 گوسفند مهربان به وسیله توالی یابی DNA و مدل­سازی ساختار پروتئین بررسی شد. تعداد شش چندشکلی تک نوکلئوتیدی شناخته شده به عنوان جهش­های FecG (G1-G6) در اگزون شماره 1 و 2 ژن GDF9 یافت شد. از میان چندشکلی­های یافت شده، جهش G1 (GDF9 exon1 g.2118 G>A)، G1 (GDF9 exon1 g.2118 G>A) و G6 (GDF9 exon 2 g.3974 G>A) ، جایگزینی اسید­آمینه را در ساختار پروتئین نشان داده­اند. هیچ چندشکلی در اگزون 1 و 2 ژن BMP15 یافت نشد. بر اساس چندشکلی­های شناسایی شده، افراد به سه دسته هاپلوتایپی از قبیل هاپلوتایپ وحشی (بدون جهش)، هاپلوتایپ A (جهش­های همزمان G1، G2، G3 و G4) و هاپلوتایپ B (جهش­های همزمان G5 و G6) تقسیم­بندی شدند. ساختار سه بُعدی پروتئین GDF9 در هاپلوتایپ A و B به ترتیب یک چرخش 90 و 45 درجه­ای را نسبت به هاپلوتایپ نوع وحشی نشان داد. واریانتهای G1/p.Arg87His، G4/p.Glu241Lysو G6/p.Val332Ile بر روی پروتئین بی­تأثیر بودند. در حالیکه دو جهشG7/p.Val371Met وG8/p.Ser315Phe به احتمال زیاد تأثیرات مخرب بر روی پروتئین داشتند. بر اساس آنالیز درخت تکامل ژن GDF9، افراد هاپلوتایپ A و B به ترتیب به ارزش خود راه اندازی 63 و 76 از هاپلوتایپ نوع وحشی فاصله داشتند. در نتیجه، پروتین GDF9 در افراد هاپلوتایپ نوع A و B به دلیل اثرات سینرژیسم جهش­های همزمان عملکرد بالاتری را نسبت به افراد هاپلوتایپ نوع وحشی نشان می­دهد. این نوع جهش­ها با تأثیر بر روی مارپیچ و چرخش­های پروتئین GDF9 در نواحی حفاظتی، منجر به اندرکنش فیزیکی پروتئین GDF9 با پروتئین­های فاکتور تبدیل کننده رشد بتا (TGFβ) می­شوند. Manuscript profile -
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256 - Effect of Varying Protein Levels and Preservation Methods and Duration on Egg Production Performance and External Egg Qualities of Japanese Quails in a Semi-Arid Environment
ن. موحامد اس. آلتینه آ. ابوبکر یو.ام. چاف ام.ام. میکایلو -
Open Access Article
257 - Evaluation of superabsorbent effect on some of the yield components of corn under drought stress conditions in the Khuzestan province
Davoud Khodadadi Dehkordi mohsen solimani babarsad Kamran MohsenifarThe aim of this study was the impact evaluation of superabsorbent on some of the yield components of corn (SC704) under drought stress conditions. The experimental design was according to split plot method in a randomized complete block design that was done with 12 trea MoreThe aim of this study was the impact evaluation of superabsorbent on some of the yield components of corn (SC704) under drought stress conditions. The experimental design was according to split plot method in a randomized complete block design that was done with 12 treatments and three replications in Hamidiyeh region, Khuzestan, Iran. In this study, three different depths of irrigation were considered as the main treatment including I1, I2, I3 as 100, 75 and 50 percent of water requirement of plant, respectively and different levels of superabsorbent were used as secondary treatment including S0, S1, S2 and S3, equal to 0 (control), 15, 30 and 45 gr m-2, respectively. According to the results, the independent effect of irrigation treatments at 1% level was significant on the number of grains per row and at 5% level was significant on ear length of corn. But, this effect at 5% level was not significant on the number of grain rows and grain protein percentage of corn. The independent effect of superabsorbent treatments at 1% level was significant on the number of grains per row. But, this effect at 5% level was not significant on the number of grain rows, ear length and grain protein percentage of corn. It was concluded that using superabsorbent with applying the less water, achieving the more yield components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - The Effect of Mycorrhiza and Humic Acid Application on the Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Red Bean, Derakhshan Cultivar
Ali Asghar Goharivahid Mojtaba Yousefirada factorial pot experiment was conducted in the form of a complete random block design with three repetitions under greenhouse condition. The first factor of the study was mycorrhiza at three levels, namely control (no mycorrhiza), Glomus intraradices strain, and Glomus Morea factorial pot experiment was conducted in the form of a complete random block design with three repetitions under greenhouse condition. The first factor of the study was mycorrhiza at three levels, namely control (no mycorrhiza), Glomus intraradices strain, and Glomus mosseae strain. The second factor of the study included three levels of humic acid, namely 0 (control), 15, and 30 mg L-1. The results showed that with the application of mycorrhiza and humic acid, the number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, chlorophyll index, percentage of seed protein content, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of leaves increased. The highest seed weight per plant (13.47 g) was recorded in the red beans treated with 30 mg L-1 of humic acid + Glomus intraradices strain and 13.01 g and 13.72 g in the plants treated with 15 and 30 mg L-1 of humic acid, respectively along with Glomus mosseae strain. Also, the highest percentage of seed protein was 26.15% obtained from the treatment with 30 mg L-1 of humic acid + Glomus intraradices and 25.23% and 27.93% in the treatments with 15 mg L-1 and 30 mg L-1 of humic acid, respectively along with Glomus mosseae. Maximum leaf nitrogen content (5.85%) was obtained from the application of 30 mg L-1 of humic acid with Glomus mosseae. Mycorrhizae and humic acid seem to be able to improve the yield and yield components of red beans by providing nutrients to the plant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Abiotic stress trigger mitochondrial defense system: A comprehensive review.
Khalil saad-Allah Ibrahim Abdelsalam -
Open Access Article
260 - The Role of signaling of hydrogen peroxide and 24-epibrassinosteroid on physiological traits of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) under drought stress
Nasim Roudbari Hosein Abbaspour Khosrow Kalantari Ahmad Aien -
Open Access Article
261 - The effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer on leaf area, chlorophyll, and grain protein of Zea mays in competition with Amaranthus retroflexus
Mojtaba Fateh Hamdollah Kazemi Arbat Soleyman Mohammadi Farhad Farahvash Eskandar Zand -
Open Access Article
262 - Characterization of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Hybrids for Physiological Attributes and Grain Quality Traits under Heat Stress
Muhammad Yousaf Khadim Hussain Shahid Hussain Aamir Ghani Muhammad Bhatti Aamer Mumtaz Muhammad Khalid Asrar Mehboob Ghulam Mumtaz Muhammad Akram -
Open Access Article
263 - Impact of sea salt stress on growth and some physiological attributes of some soybean (Glycine Max L.) varieties.
Khalil M. Saad-Allah -
Open Access Article
264 - Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Some Biochemical Parameters and Physico-chemical Properties of Oil in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] .
Abbas ali Dehpour -
Open Access Article
265 - The effect of different levels of salinity stress on variations in the protein pattern of barley plants inoculated with Glomus fasciculatum and pretreated with salinity
Zohre Najar Zadeh Reza Rezakhanlou -
Open Access Article
266 - پرولین و آرژنین با بهبود برخی از پارامترهای فیزیکوشیمیایی، عمر پس از برداشت گل های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا ’مارس‘ را افزایش می دهند
دینا یعقوبی کیاسه داود هاشم آبادی بهزاد کاویانیبه­منظور بررسی اثر سیکلوهگزماید و اسیدهای آمینه آرژنین و پرولین بر ماندگاری پس از برداشت گل­های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’مارس‘ آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با 20 تیمار اجرا شد. در این آزمایش از دو فاکتور شامل سیکلوهگزماید ( Moreبه­منظور بررسی اثر سیکلوهگزماید و اسیدهای آمینه آرژنین و پرولین بر ماندگاری پس از برداشت گل­های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’مارس‘ آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با 20 تیمار اجرا شد. در این آزمایش از دو فاکتور شامل سیکلوهگزماید (CHI) (0، 50، 100 و 1000 میکرومولار) و اسید آمینه (AA) ]0، 5 و 10 میلی­مولار آرژنین (Arg) و 5 و 10 میلی­مولار پرولین (Pro)[ به­صورت تیمار پالس 24 ساعته استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که گل­های تیمار شده با "CHI50×Pro10" بیشترین عمر گلجایی (3/9 روز)، بیشترین جذب آب (771/1 میلی­لیتر در هر گرم وزن تر)، بیشترین ماده خشک (56/13 درصد)، کمترین تجمع مالون­دی آلدهید (32/1 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) و بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز (68/5 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) را داشتند. تیمار "CHI0×Arg5" در حفظ جذب آب، وزن تر، ماده خشک، پروتئین کل، کاهش تجمع مالون­دی­آلدهید و افزایش فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز از موفق­ترین تیمارها بود و رتبه دوم را در افزایش عمر گلجایی (08/9 روز) بخود اختصاص داد. بنابراین دو تیمار "CHI50×Pro10" و "CHI0×Arg5" به­عنوان موفق­­ترین تیمارها در بهبود صفات کمی و کیفی گل شاخه بریده آلسترومریا معرفی می­شوند. کمترین اثر مثبت در اکثر صفات ارزیابی شده متعلق به تیمار 1000 میکرومولار سیکلوهگزماید بود. بنابراین کاربرد سطوح بالای سیکلوهگزماید (1000 میکرومولار) در محلول گلجایی گل­های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’مارس‘ به دلیل اثر منفی و سمی بر شاخص­های پس از برداشت توصیه نمی­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - بررسی اثرات 1-MCP (1-متیل سیکلوپروپن) بر شاخصهای مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عمر گلدانی Primula sinensis L.
المیرا قاسم زاده ندا نکویار محمود قاسم نژاد زکیه صفااثرات 1-MCP بر برخی از صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عمر گلدانی گل پامچال در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایۀ طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور 1-MCP در شش سطح (0، 50، 75، 100، 150 و 200 نانولیتر در لیتر)، در سه مدت زمان (18، 21 و 24 ساعت) در سه تکرار به تعداد 54 کرت آزمایشی و 270 بوت Moreاثرات 1-MCP بر برخی از صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عمر گلدانی گل پامچال در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایۀ طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور 1-MCP در شش سطح (0، 50، 75، 100، 150 و 200 نانولیتر در لیتر)، در سه مدت زمان (18، 21 و 24 ساعت) در سه تکرار به تعداد 54 کرت آزمایشی و 270 بوته پامچال مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در اتاق پس از برداشت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رشت با دمای محیط 2±20 درجه سانتی­گراد، رطوبت­نسبی 60 تا 70 درصد، شدت نور 15 تا 20 میکرومول بر مترمربع بر ثانیه و طول روز 12 ساعت انجام شد. در این تحقیق تولید اتیلن، درصد ماده خشک، عمر گلدانی گل پامچال، محتوای پروتئین در گلبرگها، شاخصهای کلروفیل a، b و کل و نسبت گلچههای باز به گلچههای بسته اندازهگیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر مدت زمان فقط بر تولید اتیلن و میزان پروتئین گلبرگ معنیدار بود، اما غلظت 1-MCP روی تمامی صفات به جز عمر گلدانی معنیدار بود. اثر متقابل مدت زمان و غلظت 1-MCP از نظر آماری بر عمر گلدانی در سطح 5 درصد معنیدار بود، به­طوری که تیمار T3C5 (24 ساعت + 150 نانولیتر در لیتر 1-MCP) عمر گلدانی را 2/1 روز در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Antioxidant Compounds, Minerals, and Nutrients of Different Chrysanthemum Genotypes
Hora Bayanifar Davood Hashemabadi Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari Behzad KavianiChrysanthemum is a major ornamental flower in the world that is important medicinally and nutritionally. This research in 2022 investigated on 20 chrysanthemum genotypes produced and bred in the Ornamental Plants Research Center of Mahallat with regard to their nutritio MoreChrysanthemum is a major ornamental flower in the world that is important medicinally and nutritionally. This research in 2022 investigated on 20 chrysanthemum genotypes produced and bred in the Ornamental Plants Research Center of Mahallat with regard to their nutritional, mineral, and antioxidant compounds in a completely randomized design . The results showed that the genotypes differed in all studied traits. The highest Ca (74.1 mg/kg FW), Fe (2.231 mg/kg FW), and Se (0.233 mg/kg FW) were obtained from codes 326, 110, and 562, respectively. The highest Zn content (0.315 mg/kg FW) was related to codes 562 and 134. Codes 540 and 603 were related to the highest vitamin A (0.086 mg/kg) and vitamin C (13.58 mg/100 g FW), respectively. Code 751 had the highest protein level of 1.483%. Codes 540 and 138 exhibited the lowest and highest fiber percentages of 13.06 and 22.34%, respectively. The best genotypes in petal anthocyanins and carotenoids were codes 674 and 108, respectively. codes 684 and 354 had the highest and code 751 had the lowest flavonoid content. The highest and lowest total phenols were observed in codes 326 and 462, respectively. Based on the results, the 20 genotypes of chrysanthemum bred and produced in Iran can be used as a new and available food source to partially supply the nutrient requirement of the human body. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Comparison Tea Extract, 8-Hydroxyquinoline Sulfate and Rifampicin on the Vase Life of Cut Flower chrysanthemum (Denderanthema grandiflorum L. cv. Purple)
Davood Hashemabadi Hamideh BagheriMaintaining quality and longevity of cut flowers is one of the critical issues in the floriculture industry, especially in cut flowers; and one of the most important problems in chrysanthemum, as one of the most popular cut flowers. Therefore, an experiment was conducte MoreMaintaining quality and longevity of cut flowers is one of the critical issues in the floriculture industry, especially in cut flowers; and one of the most important problems in chrysanthemum, as one of the most popular cut flowers. Therefore, an experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design as pulse treatment with the three factors: tea extracts with 4 levels (5, 10, 20, and 40 %), 8-hydroxy quinoline sulfate with 4 levels (100, 200, and 400 mg l-1), and rifampicin with 3 levels (100, 200, and 400 mg l-1) on spray chrysanthemum (cv. Purple) with three replications. According to the results, the 20% tea extract treatment and 100 mg l-1 8-hydroxy quinoline sulfate treatment showed the highest vase life, petal protein, total chlorophyll, water absorption, and petal carotenoid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Cadmium Toxicity: The Investigation of Cd Toxic Level In Different Organs of Cherry Tomato Plant and The Effect of Cd Accumulation
Shahrzad Salehi EskandariThis research was done in hydroponic environment in greenhouse at 3 stages (vegetative, flowering and full product) in 5 concentrations of Cd (0.1, 0.3, 0.9, 2.7, and 10 mm) for investigating physiological and biological effects. This study revealed that the increase of MoreThis research was done in hydroponic environment in greenhouse at 3 stages (vegetative, flowering and full product) in 5 concentrations of Cd (0.1, 0.3, 0.9, 2.7, and 10 mm) for investigating physiological and biological effects. This study revealed that the increase of Cd concentration in understudy treatments causes the 49% reduction of sugar solution in 10 mm treatment. On the other hand, the gradual increase of Cd in cultivation caused the increase of starch, reduction of photosynthesis and blockage of carbon cycle enzymes. Furthermore, in heavy metal stress conditions of vegetative stage, Cd has negative effects on the protein amount of total treatments in p=0.01 signified level. When treatment starts, the amount of protein reduced until 33% in 0.1 mm concentration and this reduction can be seen also in other treatments. In contrast, in flowering stage the amount of protein is increased compared to the control. The study of different heavy metal concentration effects showed that plants are more sensitive to Cd (2-20 times more than others). The Generalized Linear Model variance test of aerial and underground plant organs traced the high level of Cd concentration in root in10 mm concentration. This increasing process in p=0.001 level also was seen in root, leaf, and fruit. The accumulation of Cd expressed high speed of Cd transport from the soil to upper organs of tomato, and this process reduced the amount of solvable sugar and protein. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Improving Physiological Quality of Cut Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa cv. Single) Flowers by Continues Treatment with Humic Acid and Nano-Silver Particles
Majid Amani Beni Abdolla Hatamzadeh Ali Nikbakht Mahmud Ghasemnezhad Mohammad ZarchiniTuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is an important commercial cut flower that has a short vase life. An experiment was carried out by using five different levels of humic acid (HA) (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L-1) and seven different levels of silver nano-particles (SNP) MoreTuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is an important commercial cut flower that has a short vase life. An experiment was carried out by using five different levels of humic acid (HA) (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L-1) and seven different levels of silver nano-particles (SNP) (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg L-1) mixed with 1.5% sucrose on cut tuberosa cv. Single flower. The loss of fresh weight on third and sixth days in 25 mg L-1 HA+1.5% sucrose, 50 mg L-1 HA +1.5% sucrose and 75 mg L-1 HA+1.5% sucrose was less compared to other treatments. Also HA decreased lipid peroxidation. Silver nano-particles increased the water uptake, fresh weight, total protein, and declined lipid peroxidation compared to the control. Results showed that suitable levels of HA and SNP lead to better morphological and physiological properties and increase the vase life of cut Tuberose flower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - Effect of Antibiotics and Essential Oils on Postharvest Life and Quality Characteristics of Chrysanthemum Cut Flower
Davood Hashemabadi Mohammad Zarchini Shokrollah Hajivand Somayyeh ZarchiniChrysanthemum cut flower is not sensitive to ethylene and its vase life depends on vascular blockage. In order to evaluating of effect of antibiotics and essential oils on the vase life and quality characteristics of chrysanthemum cut flower an experiment carried out ba MoreChrysanthemum cut flower is not sensitive to ethylene and its vase life depends on vascular blockage. In order to evaluating of effect of antibiotics and essential oils on the vase life and quality characteristics of chrysanthemum cut flower an experiment carried out based on a RCD with 10 treatments: Artemisia at 3 levels (10, 30 and 50 %), amoxicillin at 3 levels (100, 200 and 300 mg l-1), Rifampin at 3 levels (100, 200 and 300 mg l-1) and the control plants in 3 replications. Analysis of variance showed that effect of treatments on measured traits was significant at p£0.05 or p£0.01. Mean comparisons also revealed that 30% of Artemisia oil, 200 mg l-1 amoxicillin and 200 mg l-1 rifampin caused the longest vase life, the highest preservative solution uptake. petal's soluble protein contents, leaf chlorophyll and maximum fresh weight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Performance evaluation and economics of production of rabbits fed graded levels of glyricidia leaf protein concentrate as replacement for groundnut cake protein
M.H, Ogunsipe A.S, Akinbani I, Ibidapo -
Open Access Article
274 - A Comparison of urea and sulfur coated urea urea on quantitative and qualitative yield of rice )Oryza sativa L.( under different silica rate
Leila Kayan Hosseini 1 Mani Mojaddam2* Timoor Babaei Nejad3In order to investigate the comparison of urea and sulfur cotaed urea fertlizer on quantitative and qualitative yield of rice, Anbar Najafi cultivar under different silica, this research was conducted in Shadegan in 2017 carried out as split-plot based on randomized com MoreIn order to investigate the comparison of urea and sulfur cotaed urea fertlizer on quantitative and qualitative yield of rice, Anbar Najafi cultivar under different silica, this research was conducted in Shadegan in 2017 carried out as split-plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments consisted of urea fertilizer sources in two levels: simple urea fertilizer (250 kg net nitrogen) and sulfur coated urea fertilizer in main plots and silica at four levels: one in a thousand, two in thousand, three in thousand and four in thousand were in sub plots. The results showed that urea fertilizer and silica fertilizer significantly affected on grain yield, number of spikes per square meter, 1000 grain weight and protein content. Sulfur coated urea effectively yield compared to conventional urea fertilizer at a rate of 23.22 percent. Also, the interaction of urea and silica fertilizers on all measured traits was significant. The highest grain yield (290.41 g/m2) was obtained from urea fertilizer treatment with sulfur coating and spraying two in 1000 of silica. The highest protein content (10.04%) obtained in sulfur coted urea fertilizer with two per thousand spray of silicon , respectively. Therefore, according to the results, values of two per thousand silica and urea fertilizer with sulfur coating due to increased protein and grain yield as a suitable treatment in the study area are introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Effect of seed priming on grain yield and quality of rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) in Ahvaz region
Seyed Keyvan Marashi Parisa KorosianiExperimental treatments include the seed priming including: control (soaking seeds for 24 hours in water), soaking seeds for 8, 16 and 24 hours in seed guard solution was performed in the main plots and three cultivars of rice including: Champa,, Anbarbo and high yieldi MoreExperimental treatments include the seed priming including: control (soaking seeds for 24 hours in water), soaking seeds for 8, 16 and 24 hours in seed guard solution was performed in the main plots and three cultivars of rice including: Champa,, Anbarbo and high yielding cultivar i.e. LD-183 were applied in the sub-plots. The results showed that the effect of duration of priming on number of spike per square meter, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and grain protein percentage was significant. The effect of cultivar type was significant in all measurement traits. The interaction effect of seed duration of priming and cultivar type was not significant in terms of grain yield and biological yield and significant in terms of other traits. The maximum grain yield was obtained in Anbarbo cultivar + 24 hours in seed guard solution with an average of 5621.77 and the minimum grain yield in Champa cultivar + 24 hours in normal water with an average of 32264.5 kg/ha. The maximum grain protein was obtained in 24 hours in seed guard solution with an average of 11% and the minimum grain protein in 24 hours in ordinary water with an average of 8.3%. In general, the results of experiment showed that the effect seed priming by seed guard solution with increasing production components could be effective in increasing quantitative and qualitative yield as compared to soaking the seeds in water (local custom) and it can suggested by researchers and farmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Evaluation of yield changes and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under changing conditions of biochar and mycorrhiza
Syyed mohammad amin Sobhani Mojtaba Alavi Fazel Mohammad Reza Ardakani Adel Modhej Shahram LakFungal symbiosis can be beneficial for plant growth and nutrition by increasing the absorption of nutrients and using biochar as a soil conditioner that improves the physical, chemical and biological conditions of the soil. Different amounts of biochar and mycorrhiza on MoreFungal symbiosis can be beneficial for plant growth and nutrition by increasing the absorption of nutrients and using biochar as a soil conditioner that improves the physical, chemical and biological conditions of the soil. Different amounts of biochar and mycorrhiza on yield and some morphophysiological traits in wheat were performed during the cropping years of 2016-2017 and 2017-17 in Zohreh city located in southwestern Iran. The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design (CRBD) with four replications. mycorrhizal fungus at two levels including non-use (control) and use of Glomus intradiaces and biochar values from plant biomass and agricultural wastes as soil modifiers at three levels of non-use (control) and application 4 and 8 Tons per hectare. The results of analysis of variance showed that mycorrhiza and biochar at 1% level had no significant effect on biological yield, grain yield, harvest index and some components of grain yield such as number of spikes per square meter and grain per square meter. The interaction of different amounts of biochar and mycorrhiza on 1000-seed weight, number of spikelets per spike, numbers of seeds per spikelet and grain protein percentage were significant at the level of 1% probability. The results showed that the amount of grain protein (8%), number of spikelets per spike (11%) and 1000-seed weight (16%) showed a significant increase compared to control plants. the application of four tons per hectare of biochar in plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi had the best conditions and yield (23%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Effect of foliar application of silica on some physiological traits of (Physorrhynchus chamaerapistrum L.) medicinal plant
Ebrahim Fani Shokoofeh HajihashemiBased on the increasing literatures on medicinal plants and their importance in the food and pharmaceutical industries, the present study was designed to study on the medicinal plant Physorrhynchus chamaerapistrum. Silica (Si) is known as a beneficial element for many p MoreBased on the increasing literatures on medicinal plants and their importance in the food and pharmaceutical industries, the present study was designed to study on the medicinal plant Physorrhynchus chamaerapistrum. Silica (Si) is known as a beneficial element for many plant species. In the present study was designed to study on the effect of potassium silicate treatment on some physiological traits of P. chamaerapistrumare. In this order, foliar application of 10 and 20 mM potassium silicate and distilled water (as control plant) was applied on P. chamaerapistrumare in their natural habitat in Behbahan. After one month, the leaves of the plants were harvested to investigate the physiological responses of the plants to the potassium silicate treatment. Based on the results, Silica treatment had not significant effect on the leaf fluorescence indices, while it significantly increased photosynthetic pigments in P. chamaerapistrumare. Silica treatment did not show a significant effect on the efficiency of photosystem II (Fv / Fm) and the efficiency of both photosystems I and II (PIABS). The levels of chlorophyll a, b and total and carotenoids in silica-treated plants showed a significant increase in Silica treatment, while they did not show any differences between 10 and 20 mM of potassium silicate. The results of the present study acclaimed that silica as an unnecessary mineral element for plant can improve the photosynthetic pigments contents in plants Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Investigation the effect of planting date on yield, yield components and growth indices in some cultivars and lines of barley in Khuzestan region
Milad Mojadami Abdollah BahraniIn order to determine the most suitable cultivars and barley lines in different planting dates, an experiment was conducted during 2019-2020 in Ghizanieh region of Ahvaz. The main factor includes three planting dates (1 November, 16 November and 1 December) and the sub- MoreIn order to determine the most suitable cultivars and barley lines in different planting dates, an experiment was conducted during 2019-2020 in Ghizanieh region of Ahvaz. The main factor includes three planting dates (1 November, 16 November and 1 December) and the sub-factor also includes six cultivars and lines of barley (Auxin, Nowruz, Nimroz, WB-95-3, WB-95-9 and WB-95-19) was done using split plots in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The measured traits were stem length, spike length, grain length, number of hollow seeds, number of seeds per spike, 1000-seed weight, number of spikes per square meter, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, grain nitrogen percentage, grain protein percentage and plant growth indices. Results showed that the effect of sowing date on grain yield, number of seeds per spike and number of hollow seeds was significant at 5 درصد probability level. Planting date of 1 November reduced seed yield and increased number of hollow seeds and the third planting date also reduced number of seeds per spike and grain yield. Nowruz cultivar had more spikes per square meter in early planting date than late planting date. At the date of early sowing of barley, the highest number of hollow seeds was produced per spike. In late planting, plant height decreased and as a result, the biological yield also decreased. Planting date of 16 Nov. had the highest number of seeds per spike. The highest yield obtained in Auxin cultivar with an average of 7710 kg.ha-1 on the second planting date and line WB-95-19 at the same planting date with an average of 7226 kg.ha-1. 16 Nov. planting date, which had the highest seed yield, had the highest LAI and NAR. Seed nitrogen had the highest level in early sowing date in WB-95-3 line and decreased in late sowing dates. In general, the results of this experiment showed that early sowing of barley, reduced grain yield and sowing of Auxin cultivar on November 16 in Ghizaniyeh region had the best economic yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Effect of potassium nano-chelate and ascorbic acid on grain yield and some qualitative characteristics of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L., Kamran cultivar)
Sara Barat Zadeh Tayeb Saki Nejad2* Teymour Babaei NejadIn order to investigate the effect of potassium nano chelate and ascorbic acid on acid yield and some qualitative characteristics of cowpea seed, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at the Sh MoreIn order to investigate the effect of potassium nano chelate and ascorbic acid on acid yield and some qualitative characteristics of cowpea seed, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at the Shahid Salemi Research Farm in Ahvaz. Factors included different amounts of potassium nano fertilizer at three levels (0, 2 and 4 liters per hectare), and levels of ascorbic acid (0, 15 and 30 mM). Results showed that there was significant difference at 1% probability level between potassium nano fertilizer and ascorbic acid in number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, protein percentage and potassium percentage. Among the measured traits, only interaction of potassium nano chelates and ascorbic acid on harvest index was significant at five percent. The highest harvest index was obtained with four liters per hectare potassium nano chelate and sprays application with 30 mM ascorbic acid with 39.68% and the lowest harvest index with 24.03% non-foliar treatment. The highest grain yield was obtained using 4 liters.ha-1 of potassium nano fertilizer and 30 mM ascorbic acid, respectively, with 3640 and 3183 kg.ha-1, and the lowest grain yield was obtained by control. The highest protein percentage was obtained by spraying with 4 liters.ha-1 of potassium nano fertilizer and 30 mM ascorbic acid, respectively, with 22.02 and 23.57 percent, respectively, and the lowest one was in control. In general, according to the results spraying with 4 liters.ha-1 of potassium nano fertilizer and 30 mM of ascorbic acid increases the quantitative and qualitative yields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Investigating the effect of different planting dates on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of soybeans in Khuzestan
Abdollah Bahrani maryam salaryPlanting date plays a significant role in determining soybean growth, development and seed yield. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of planting dates and genotypes on yield and yield components in north of Iran. In order to determine the best MorePlanting date plays a significant role in determining soybean growth, development and seed yield. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of planting dates and genotypes on yield and yield components in north of Iran. In order to determine the best sowing date in two soybean cultivars, an experiment was done in Ramhormoz Agricultural Research Farm in split plots on the basis of randomized complete blocks design with three repetitions in 2017. Treatments includes three planting dates 1 August, 16 August, 1 September were placed in the main plots and two soybean varieties including 504 and Saland in subplots. Results showed that planting date had significant effect on plant height, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, number of seed per plant, number of plant per square meter, harvest index and seed protein percent. The effect of cultivar was significant on plant height, number of seed per pod, number of plant per square meter, total dry weight, biological yield and grain yield. Seed protein percentage was affected by planting date and in the third planting date its reduction was significant. Thousand-grain weight had significant positive correlation with grain protein percentage at 1% probability level, which indicates that with increasing grain weight, more protein is stored in the grain. In general, it is possible to recommend Saland cultivar for sowing date in 16 August and 504 for sowing date in 1 August and 1 September. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Identification, sequencing and phylogeny of APETALA1 ortholog gene (AP1) in Eruca sativa (Brassicaceae)
فرخنده رضانژاد Elahe Abulhassani Mahbubeh Sheikh bahaeiThe transition from vegetative to reproductive phase is an important developmental under genetic control. This stage requires the activation of a set of genes in apical meristem, the expression of which transforms the meristem from vegetative to reproductive. The APETAL MoreThe transition from vegetative to reproductive phase is an important developmental under genetic control. This stage requires the activation of a set of genes in apical meristem, the expression of which transforms the meristem from vegetative to reproductive. The APETALA1 (AP1) gene plays an important role in transition phase and flower meristem identity. The identification and homology of this gene and its deduced protein in Eruca sativa was studied. Total RNA was extracted from flower buds and cDNA made. Specific primers were designed and then used for RT-PCR reaction. The results showed that the desired fragment of the gene contains 782 nucleotides (complete cds). This fragment was called EvsAP1 and recorded in the NCBI database (KX524132.1). BLAST of this sequence with other species, showed that Raphanus sativus and Brassica nigra have the highest similarity (87%) with EvsAP1. The deduced protein of the EvsAP1 gene contains 256 amino acids, which is 82% similar to Raphanus sativus. The total length of AP1 protein obtained from NCBI databases in most species of Brassicace is 256 amino acids confirming the sequence. Examination of location of the different species in the phylogenetic tree showed that all species of Brassicaceae place in clads close to Eruca sativa. The species has the highest similarity with Brassica nigra and Raphanus sativus so that the later and Eruca sativa located in one clade. These results confirm the accuracy of the obtained sequence for the AP1 gene in this specie. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - A study on the inhibitory effects of taxifolin on amyloid fibrillation of hen egg white lysozyme
Mohsen Mahdavimehr Ali Akbar Meratan Ali Asghar Bagheri Fariba KhosravinejadAmong therapeutic approaches for amyloid-related diseases, attention has recently turned to the use of natural products as effective anti-aggregation compounds. Although a wealth of in vitro and in vivo evidence indicates some common inhibitory activity of these compoun MoreAmong therapeutic approaches for amyloid-related diseases, attention has recently turned to the use of natural products as effective anti-aggregation compounds. Although a wealth of in vitro and in vivo evidence indicates some common inhibitory activity of these compounds, they don’t generally suggest the same mechanism of action. In the present study, using a range of techniques including Thioflavin T and Nile red fluorescence assays, Congo red absorbance measurements, and atomic force microscopy the ability of taxifolin on the inhibition of HEWL amyloid fibrillation was investigated. Obtained results demonstrated that taxifolin exerts its inhibitory effect by binding to HEWL prefibrillar species. Furthermore, it’s binding results in diverting the amyloid pathway toward formation of very large globular, chain-like aggregates with low β-sheet content and reduced solvent-exposed hydrophobic patches. ThT fluorescence measurements show that the binding capacity of taxifolin is significantly reduced, upon generation of large protofibrillar aggregates at the end of growth phase. We believe these results may help design promising inhibitors of protein aggregation for amyloid-related diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - A Study on the Inhibitory Effects of Silymarin on Amyloid Fibrillation of Hen Egg White Lysozyme
Mohsen Mahdavimehr Ali Akbar MeratanAn increasing number of studies have demonstrated that polyphenols, compounds frequently occurring in many herbs with antioxidant properties, prevent amyloid fibril formation. However, the mechanisms by which these natural molecules modulate the protein aggregation proc MoreAn increasing number of studies have demonstrated that polyphenols, compounds frequently occurring in many herbs with antioxidant properties, prevent amyloid fibril formation. However, the mechanisms by which these natural molecules modulate the protein aggregation process are poorly understood. Silybum Marianum is one of the medicinal plants with a wide range of health benefits. Silymarin, extract of the seeds of Silybum Marianum, contains a mixture of flavonolignans and a flavonoid. In the present study, using a range of techniques including Thioflavin T and Nile red fluorescence assays, Congo red binding assay, Circular Dichroism spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy the efficacy of Silymarin on the inhibition of Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL) fibril formation was investigated. Obtained results demonstrated that Silymarin effectively inhibits fibrillogenesis of HEWL in a concentration-dependent manner. AFM images indicated typical fibrillation in the control solutions, while in samples incubated in the presence of Silymarin extensive inhibition of HEWL fibrillation and amorphous aggregates formation was observed. Based on obtained results, we suggest that preventing of hydrophobic interactions between HEWL amyloidogenic prefibrillar species is the mechanism by which Silymarin inhibits amyloid fibril formation by HEWL. However, additional studies are needed to elucidate the detailed mechanisms involved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - The expression and secretion of Human papilloma L1 heterologous protein of genotype11 in lactobacillus
Akram Amani Parvaneh Jafari Rodabeh Behzadi Andohjerdi Jalil FallahBackground: Human papillomavirus is a virus that transmitted through sexual intercourse and direct contact between human skin. Among the different strains of this virus, strains 18 and 16 are the most common strains in the development of cervical cancer, and also strain MoreBackground: Human papillomavirus is a virus that transmitted through sexual intercourse and direct contact between human skin. Among the different strains of this virus, strains 18 and 16 are the most common strains in the development of cervical cancer, and also strains 11 and 6 are the most common strains in the development of genital lesions or genital warts. In this study, we used strain 11 capsid for secretory protein production Large L1 in the Lactobacillus host.Materials and Methods: To produce L1 protein from human papillomavirus, recombinant protein production methods were used by cloning the L1 gene of this virus into a vector expressed in a prokaryotic host such as Lactobacillus, which was analyzed by SDS-PAGE methods. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting have been evaluated to confirm the expression of the protein.Results: Nucleotide bands were confirmed in the gene fragment amplification experiment in gel electrophoresis as well as the observation of protein bands in SDS-PAGE and Western blot gels.Conclusion: By using the production of pathogenic protein in human papillomavirus by the recombinant method and in the bacterial host Lactobacillus, which is a fluorescence of the female reproductive system, can be used in the future to prevent and treat diseases associated with strain 11 of this virus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Study of interaction between the anti-tumor complex of zinc(II) containing Schiff base ligand with human and bovine serum albumin
somaye shahraki fatemeh khosraviDue to the growing interest of researchers in the synthesis of new chemical compounds that have diverse medicinal properties, in this study, the interaction of the complex of [Zn(SBL)2]Cl2 (SBL = Schiff base ligand 2(-iminoethyl)piperazine diacetyl monoxime) with human MoreDue to the growing interest of researchers in the synthesis of new chemical compounds that have diverse medicinal properties, in this study, the interaction of the complex of [Zn(SBL)2]Cl2 (SBL = Schiff base ligand 2(-iminoethyl)piperazine diacetyl monoxime) with human and bovine serum albumin proteins (HSA and BSA) in tris-buffer medium was investigated by spectroscopic methods. The results for both complexes were almost identical, as fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the inherent fluorescence quenching of both proteins is due to the interaction of the zinc complex through a static quenching mechanism. The zinc complex interacted with both proteins with almost the same affinity. Thermodynamic parameters showed the contribution of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, but the role of hydrophobic interactions is not insignificant due to the presence of the imine group in the complex structure and the small amount of ∆S. Structural changes during the interaction of zinc complex with two proteins were investigated by synchronous‎ fluorescence methods as well as circular dichroism. The results of synchronous‎ ‎ fluorescence showed that during the interaction of the complex with proteins no noticeable polarity change occurred around the tryptophan residue while around the tyrosine residue the polarity changed. The study of circular dichroism spectroscopy also shows a decrease in the content of the alpha helix in both complexes. The results of this study confirm that the interaction of the zinc complex in both proteins is almost similar, so sometimes in pharmacological studies it can be used instead of human protein from its animal family. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Comparative study on the effect of natural rubber protein content obtained by two Kjeldahl and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods on the tensile properties of natural rubber based compound
Masoomeh Sadeghi Mercedeh Malekzadeh saeed taghvaei Fereshteh MotieeProtein is one of the non elastomeric constituents in natural rubber that has important effects on its properties. In this work, a comparative study on the effect of the natural rubber protein content that was obtained by two Kjeldahl and Fourier transform infrared spec MoreProtein is one of the non elastomeric constituents in natural rubber that has important effects on its properties. In this work, a comparative study on the effect of the natural rubber protein content that was obtained by two Kjeldahl and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy methods considered on the tensile properties of rubber compounds and second order correlation models were obtained. These models were used to predict the tensile properties of natural rubber based compounds. The results showed that the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method is more successful for prediction of the properties. Tensile strength and modulus 100% were predicted by less than 10% error, elongation at break and modulus 300% were also estimated by less than 25% error. This new approach makes it possible to predict the tensile properties of rubber compounds before preparing,, by consuming a small amount of natural rubber and using a fast and non destructive technique. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Enrichment of Brotchen Bread By Fish Protein Concentrate of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys moliyrix)
S. Moini E. Rahimzade A. S. KhanipourToday, the use of fish protein concentrate (FPC) for enrichment of bread has been attracted the attention of many of nutritionist. In this research work, the effect of enrichment of brotchen bread by 2/5, 5, 7 and 10 percent of FPC was studied. According to the organole MoreToday, the use of fish protein concentrate (FPC) for enrichment of bread has been attracted the attention of many of nutritionist. In this research work, the effect of enrichment of brotchen bread by 2/5, 5, 7 and 10 percent of FPC was studied. According to the organoleptic test, the samples which contained 5 to 7 % FPC were accepted. The chemical tests on the reference sample showed that it contained 11/43% protein , 1/13% fat , 29/69% moisture and 2/014 % ash. The protein , fat , moisture and ash enriched samples by 5 and 7 percent of FPC increased by 15/36% , 1/14% , 34/27% ,2/22% and 17% , 1/15% , 36/25% , 2/425 respectively . On the other hand the results of farinograph test has shown that the absorption of moisture for dough contained 5 to 7 percent of FPC increased by 1-2%. The shelflife of the enriched samples was determined to be 48 hours. Thus the results of this study concluted tha the enrichment of brotshen bread by 5-7% of FPC of silver carp is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - The study of drip and drip protein in Pomadasys kaakan, Caranx ignobilis, Nemipterus japonicas and Ctenopharyngodon idella held in of 2 and 5 percent salt
A. Askary Sary M. Velayatzadeh M. Moaref S. Majdinasab M. Samadi Sh. NabizadehProtein components of living body are affected by environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and pH. This study was carried out to measure and compare drip and drip protein in four fishes Pomadasys kaakan, Caranx ignobilis, Nemipterus japonicas and Ctenopharyng MoreProtein components of living body are affected by environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and pH. This study was carried out to measure and compare drip and drip protein in four fishes Pomadasys kaakan, Caranx ignobilis, Nemipterus japonicas and Ctenopharyngodon idella holding condition without and with 2 and 5 percent salt in house refrigerators with -19, 2010. 108 samples of fishes were investigated. Drip was measured using Spectrometer T80 uv/lis PG Instruments and percent of drip protein was done by kjeldahl method. In this study data were analyzed with SPSS17 software in terms of oneaway (ANOVA). According to the results, highest of drip 50.43±14.56 g and drip protein 3.40±1.17 % was in Pomadasys kaakan in5 percent salt and lowest of drip 1.32±0.36 g was in Pomadasys kaakan without salt, respectively. Also, the lowest of drip protein was 2.75±0.46 % in Pomadasys kaakan in 2 percent salt. Salting caused an increase in drip loss (P<0.05) but had no significant effect on drip protein content (P≥0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Investigation of Cadmium on Some Biochemical Indices of the Farmed Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
Mahzad Shakoori S. Abdali S. ShokohiThe aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity effect of Cadmium heavy metal on some serological parameters of Silver carp which have been in the vicinity of cadmium for a short term. In this study a total of 135 fish with mean weight of 50±10grand mean lengt MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity effect of Cadmium heavy metal on some serological parameters of Silver carp which have been in the vicinity of cadmium for a short term. In this study a total of 135 fish with mean weight of 50±10grand mean length of 13±1cm were placed in 9 aquariums of 90-liter capacity, in contact with 0.5 and 10 mg/L of CdCl2.Sampling of fishwas done randomly every 12 hours until 96 hours from caudal vein. The results showed that, the level of triglyceride in 24 and 48 hours decreased significantly, but showed no significant increase in 72 hours. The level of cholesterol increased significantly at 72 and 96 hours with increasing the concentration of cadmium (P<0/05). Glucose level increased significantly in 72 hours, but significantly decreased with increasing the concentration of cadmium in 72 and 96 hours (P<0/05). The level of total protein decreased significantly in 24 and 96 hours with increasing the concentration of cadmium, and in 72 hours increased significantly (P<0/05). The level of albumin increased significantly in 96 hours. Based on these results, biochemical parameters are useful for monitoring of cadmium acute toxicity in Silver Carp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Investigation of bioaccumulation of Mercury, Cadmium and Arsenic with chemical compositions in muscle of Cynoglossusarel from Hendijan Seaport
S. Janatmakan A. Askary Sary M. Javaheri Baboli M. VelayatzadehA comparative study was conducted on composition of protein, lipid and ash and concentration of metals As, Hg and Cd in muscle of Cynoglossus arel from Hendijan area in 2011. Ten samples of Cynoglossus arel were collected using trawl net. Concentration of Hg, As and Cd MoreA comparative study was conducted on composition of protein, lipid and ash and concentration of metals As, Hg and Cd in muscle of Cynoglossus arel from Hendijan area in 2011. Ten samples of Cynoglossus arel were collected using trawl net. Concentration of Hg, As and Cd in the muscle of flat fish was 41.60±7.27, 73.30±7.50 and 189.02±21.40 µgkg-1 ww. Also composition of protein, lipid and ash in the muscle of this fish was determined; 16.58±0.54, 1.04±0.14 and 1.57±0.13 %. Comparison of the results showed significant difference between (P<0.05) concentration of Hg, As and Cd in the muscle of Cynoglossus arel. The highest correlation (R=0.964, P<0.05) was observed in the muscle of Cynoglossus arel between to Cd and As. In this study significant correlation was observed between concentration of Hg, As and Cd with chemical compositions, in the muscle of Cynoglossus arel (P<0.05). The highest correlation (R=0.972, P<0.05) was observed in the muscle of Cynoglossus arel between to As and protein. Also the lowest correlation (R=0.880 P<0.05) was observed in the muscle of Cynoglossus arel between to Hg and protein. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Investigation of Zinc on some biochemical indices of the farmed Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
M. Shakoori S. Abdali H. Negarestan The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity effect of zinc heavy metal on some serological parameters on Silver carp in the vicinity with zinc in short term. In order to do this study a total of 135 fish with mean weight 50±10gr and mean length 13& More The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity effect of zinc heavy metal on some serological parameters on Silver carp in the vicinity with zinc in short term. In order to do this study a total of 135 fish with mean weight 50±10gr and mean length 13±1cm were located to adjacent to 0.5 and 10 mg/L of Zn (NO3)2 in 9 Aquarium with 90 liter of capacity.Sampling of fish was done randomly each 12 hours until 96 hours from caudal vein. The result showed that the level of cholesterol in 10 mg/L treatments in 96 hours were significant difference with 5 mg/ L and control treatments (p<0/05). The results showed that the minimum amount of cholesterol in 10 mg/L treatment in 96 hours was (10.83±0.2 mg/ dL) and the maximum amount was found in 5 ppm treatment in 48 hours was (102.7±22.7 mg/dL). Mean triglyceride fluctuated, so that the maximum amount of triglyceride was found in 10 mg/L treatment in 12 hours (93±14) mg/dL) and the minimum in 96 hours in 5 mg/L treatment was (24.4±2 mg dl). By increasing the concentration of zinc. albumin level were increased significantly. The minimum amount was found in control treatment which was (0.73±0.14 g/dL) and the maximum level in 5 m/g/L treatment at 96 hours was (9.03±0.6 g/dL). Total protein levels were decreased significantly (p<0.05). The minimum amount of total proteins in 5 mg/L treatment at 96 hours was (0/043±0/003) g/dL, and the maximum amount was at 12 hours in 10 mg/L treatment at (3/53±0/3)g/dL. Based on results, Hematological and biochemical parameters are useful for monitoring of Zinc acute toxicity in Silver carp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Fish consumption in Iran and the world
A. AdeliThe annual global growth rate of the human population (estimated for 1/3%) is enhancing the demand for provision of individual animal protein to one-third from 70 g daily dietary protein intake. An increasing interest in fish food consumption because of its health benef MoreThe annual global growth rate of the human population (estimated for 1/3%) is enhancing the demand for provision of individual animal protein to one-third from 70 g daily dietary protein intake. An increasing interest in fish food consumption because of its health benefits has made seafood products to play an essential role in food basket of Iranian family as like as other parts around the world. Aquaculture growth in Iran and throughout the world has provided a suitable condition to supply nutrition safety for this valuable food source. Now, from a total amount of 78.4 g daily dietary protein intake per capita, 30.7 g is supplied by animal protein from which 5 g is comprised of fish protein. Results obtained during the last half a century indicates that fish consumption growth in Iran has been far more than other parts in the world; however, its consumption rate per capita is much lower. It is noteworthy that fish food consumption growth was higher rather than chicken and red meat consumption growth according to the base year 1965, as Fish per capita consumption can be elevated by different accessibility methods and controlling price and quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Comparison of chemical composition in muscle tissue of Aspius vorax and Carasobarbus luteus fishes in Karkheh River in Khuzestan Province
A. Jalizi A. Askary Sary M. Chele Mal Dezfulnejad M. VelayatzadehThe aim of this study was to assess protein, lipid, carbohydrate, fiber, ash, and moisture in two species of fishes, Aspius vorax and Carasobarbus luteus, in 2011. Fifteen samples of Carasobarbus luteus and 12 samples of Aspius vorax were collected from the Karkheh Rive MoreThe aim of this study was to assess protein, lipid, carbohydrate, fiber, ash, and moisture in two species of fishes, Aspius vorax and Carasobarbus luteus, in 2011. Fifteen samples of Carasobarbus luteus and 12 samples of Aspius vorax were collected from the Karkheh River. Mean levels of protein, lipid, ash, moisture in Carasobarbus luteus were 17.19±0.36, 3.23±0.15, 1.28±0.07 and %74.03±0.32, respectively. Similarly, the same chemical contents in Aspius vorax were 18.10±0.36, 2.60±0.20, 1.18±0.09 and %72.10±0.40, respectively. Level of moisture in muscle of two species of Aspius vorax and Carasobarbus luteus were significancantly different (P<0.05), but no significant difference was noticed for protein, ash and lipid (P>0.05). However, Protein in muscle tissue of Aspius vorax was more than Carasobarbus luteus, but lipid, moisture and ash in muscle tissue of Carasobarbus luteus was more than Aspius vorax. Therefore, the results showed that, in terms of animal protein, Aspius vorax is more appropriate compared to Carasobarbus luteus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Study of using whey protein in Common Kilka Fish and its quality during cold storage
M. Seifzadeh A. A. Motallebi M. T. MazlomiThis project was carried out with the aim of increasing shelf life of Kilka Fish and prevent color change during cold storage. Three replicates were used for each method. Whey protein with 3 and 9 % concentrations were used for fish packaging at time 0. Cleaned Kilka fi MoreThis project was carried out with the aim of increasing shelf life of Kilka Fish and prevent color change during cold storage. Three replicates were used for each method. Whey protein with 3 and 9 % concentrations were used for fish packaging at time 0. Cleaned Kilka fish were packaged in disposable dishes and covered by cellophane were used to control the samples. The samples were kept at -18 oC. Examinations were carried out for a period of six months. Total bacterial count and Staphylococcus bacteria count were lower in the samples covered with 9% concentration compared with the other samples. The Coliform, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonasbacteria contamination were negative until the end of storage period in the covered and control samples. Moisture, protein, fat and ash were higher in the samples covered with 9% concentration compared with the other samples. Peroxide value, TVN and pH were lower in the samples covered with 9% concentration compared with other samples. Statistically significant differences were observed in their bacterial counts, chemical factors and total acceptance index (p< 0.05). Sensory analysis carried out to the ranking method. Samples covered with 9% concentration compared with the samples covered with 3% concentration had a better quality. The covered samples had a favorable quality until the end of storage period. But control samples lost their quality after three months. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Effect of Lead on Some Biochemical Indices of Farmed Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
M. Shakoori A. AbdaliThe aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity effect of lead heavy metal on some serological parameters on Silver Carp in the vicinity with lead for a short term. In order to do this study a total of 135 fish with mean weight of 50±10 gand mean length of 13& MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity effect of lead heavy metal on some serological parameters on Silver Carp in the vicinity with lead for a short term. In order to do this study a total of 135 fish with mean weight of 50±10 gand mean length of 13±1 cm were placed in adjacent to 0, 5 and 10 mg/l of Pb (NO3 )2 in 9 aquariums of 90 liter capacity.Sampling was done randomly each 12 hours for 96 hours from caudal vein of the fishes. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the amount of hemoglobin in 24 hours, between the control and treatments. The level of glucose was increased significantly by increasing the concentration of lead and passing of the time. The levels of triglyceride and albumin did not change significantly (P>0/05). The level of cholesterol increased significantly until 72 hours and after that decreased significantly. Amount of total protein increased significantly by increasing the concentration of lead and time. Based on the results, biochemical parameters are useful for monitoring of lead acute toxicity in Silver Carp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Effect of different consentration of NaCl on growth, ammonium releasing,nitrate reductase activity and total protein contents in Dunaliella salina
A.S. Borhani Sabzevar M.L. GhorbanliIn this experiment, we studied the effects of different NaCl solutions on (2.5%, 7.5% and 12.5% NaCl) proliferation, nitrate reductase activity, ammonium release, and protein content in the unicellular, biflagellate, halophilic micro algae, Dunaliella salina. Johns MoreIn this experiment, we studied the effects of different NaCl solutions on (2.5%, 7.5% and 12.5% NaCl) proliferation, nitrate reductase activity, ammonium release, and protein content in the unicellular, biflagellate, halophilic micro algae, Dunaliella salina. Johnson medium with 2.5%, 7.5% and 12.5% NaCl were selected for treatment. Growth condition was maintained in all experiments (light, 5000 Lux, aeration 1hour daily, temperature 25±5◦C,). The microscopic results showed that in the salt solutionsDunaliella salina can proliferate and shows normal morphology and mobility. Based on results of this experiment, optimum proliferation occurred in 7.5% NaCl. Protein content didn’t show significant changes (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - Changes of amino acid contents of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillets during 6 months of frozen storage at -18°C
M. Khani F. Ansari Fard S. Moini Zh. KhoshkhooThe aim of this research was to study the effect of the storage temperature on common carp (C. carpio) fillet’s nutritional value in a 6 months period at -18°C. Fresh carps were bought from a local aquaculture farm in Babolsar (Gilan Province, Iran) and immedi MoreThe aim of this research was to study the effect of the storage temperature on common carp (C. carpio) fillet’s nutritional value in a 6 months period at -18°C. Fresh carps were bought from a local aquaculture farm in Babolsar (Gilan Province, Iran) and immediately transported to laboratory and then fillets were prepared, frozen and stored at -18°C for the mentioned period; Analyses of the protein, fat, ash, moisture, TVN and amino acid contents were performed at days 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180; Results for the fresh to 180 days stored fillets showed 16.20/14.10% protein, 4.10/2.02% fat, 1.01/1.08 ash, 78.69/77.30 % moisture and 11.2/14.26 mg/100g TVN contents. Also it was revealed that 17 amino acids (9 essential or EAA and 8 nonessential or NE) were present in the fillets with maximum content for glutamic acid and minimum for cysteine. Total amount of EAA and NE of the fresh fillets were determined to be 77.35 and 70.40 mg/100 g, respectively, (Fresh Fillets EAA/NE ratio= 1.09) which decreased to 61.13 for EAA (P0.05) and 61.85 for NE (P0.05) at the end of the period (180 days stored Fillets EAA/NE ratio= 0.988). In conclusion, it should be declared that changes of essential amino acid contents and total volatile nitrogen, protein and fat contents were significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - The effect high protein and feeding frequency on the growth and survival Kutum larvae in Caspian Sea(Rutilus frisii kutum,kamensky 1901)
E. Shahkar H. Khara M. Sudagar A. AzimiThis study had 8 treatments and 3 replications: Treatment A: one time feeding per day with SFK, Treatment B: two times feeding per day with SFK, Treatment C: three times feeding per day with SFK, Treatment D: four times feeding per day with SFK, Treatment E: one time fe MoreThis study had 8 treatments and 3 replications: Treatment A: one time feeding per day with SFK, Treatment B: two times feeding per day with SFK, Treatment C: three times feeding per day with SFK, Treatment D: four times feeding per day with SFK, Treatment E: one time feeding per day with mixture of SFK and fish powder (25% weight SFK), Treatment F: two times feeding per day with mixture of SFK and fish powder (25% weight SFK), Treatment G: three times feeding per day with mixture of SFK and fish powder (25% weight SFK), Treatment H: four times feeding per day with mixture of SFK and fish powder (25% weight SFK). Each of treatments in this examination were fed regularly at 8,11,14,17 hours. It’s necessary to notice that rate of feeding was based on 15 percent of weight of larval body fishes on a day. Results indicated that there was significant difference between weight and length gain (p<0/05). Fish larvae with one time feeding per day with SFK diet had the higher weight and length and fish larvale that fed with mixture of SFK and fish powder (25% weight SFK) had the most length and weight when they had feeding four times per day. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Antigenic properties of Finegoldia magna protein L and Type IV Pilin PilA for in-silico multi epitope peptide vaccine designing
Hossein JavidBackground and Objectives: Finegoldia magna is a potential opportunistic pathogen for humans. F. magna as the most frequent pathogenic species of gram positive anaerobic cocci accounts for up to 5-12% of all anaerobic infections. F. magna possess Protein L super antigen MoreBackground and Objectives: Finegoldia magna is a potential opportunistic pathogen for humans. F. magna as the most frequent pathogenic species of gram positive anaerobic cocci accounts for up to 5-12% of all anaerobic infections. F. magna possess Protein L super antigen and Type IV Pilin PilA as invaluable proteins for designing multi epitope peptide vaccines in current study.Materials and Methods: In this study, immunoinformatics tools were used to predict B and T cell epitopes of Protein L and Type IV Pilin PilA. The epitopes were evaluated for antigenicity, allergenicity and binding energy to appropriate HLA alleles and then were fused together by GPGPG and EAAAK spacers. Vibrio cholera Toxin B Subunit was introduced at N-terminus of the constructed vaccine as adjuvant, and with an eye on further identification and purification, a 6×HisTag was introduced at C-terminus. Codon optimization performed for further expression in Escherichia coli host. The amino acid sequence of the multi epitope peptide vaccine used for 3D structure prediction and refinement. Then structural evaluation via ramachandran plot analysis performed. Physicochemical properties and solubility of the constructed vaccine was also studied.Results: Results showed the selected epitopes with high antigenicity and no allergenicity. These epitopes manifest high affinity toward recommended HLA alleles. The predicted 3D model of constructed vaccine showed high stability, solubility and half-life for expression in E. coli host. Conclusion: In this study, Protein L and Type IV Pilin PilA used for in-silico designing an effective vaccine against F. magna. Further in-vitro/vivo studies are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Simulation of the production process of Aspergillus niger single cell protein base on un-structured kinetic models
Fatemeh Ardestani Roxana KasebkarBackground & Objectives: Design of the production of single cell proteins depends on definition of the growth template of the producer microorganisms. This study was aimed to evaluate the production of Aspergillus niger single cell protein and simulation of cell bio MoreBackground & Objectives: Design of the production of single cell proteins depends on definition of the growth template of the producer microorganisms. This study was aimed to evaluate the production of Aspergillus niger single cell protein and simulation of cell biomass production based on several un-structured models. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, the fermentative process of single cell protein production was conducted in batch submerged culture with optimum culture medium formulation at 250C, pH 6 and 300 rpm for 200 h in an incubator shaker. At the end of process, the content of shaker flasks was used to analysis glucose concentration, cell dry weight and protein content in cell biomass. Results: The result simulation by Monod, Moser and Logistic models showed 92% 63% and 83% similarity, respectively. Increase in the pH from 3.5 to 6 caused 71% enhancement in protein content in cell biomass. However, pH more than 6 led to decrease in the cell biomass protein content and this values reached to 29% a pH 7. Increases in the initial glucose concentration from 10 to 50 g. L-1 did not show considerable effects on the cell biomass protein content. Cell biomass protein content of the media containing 50 g. L-1 initial glucose was only 5.67% more than the medium contained of 10 g. L-1 initial glucose. Conclusion: The Monod kinetic model was proposed as a suitable model to simulate A. niger behaviour. Furthermore, pH of the media affects cell biomass protein content. However, initial glucose concentration in the media did not show significant effects on the cell biomass protein content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Expression of full length of HCV-E2 gene in yeast Pichia pastoris
Raheleh Solat Pooneh Rahimi Gholam Reza Bakhshi Khaniki Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi Rouhallah Vahabpour Mehdi ShokriBackground & Objectives: Hepatitis C virus infection initiates through binding of E2 glycoprotein to its specific human liver cell receptor. Therefore, this glycoprotein is considered as one of the important targets in drug and vaccine researches against this infect MoreBackground & Objectives: Hepatitis C virus infection initiates through binding of E2 glycoprotein to its specific human liver cell receptor. Therefore, this glycoprotein is considered as one of the important targets in drug and vaccine researches against this infection. This project was accomplished for the first time to transfer the full length of E2 gene by using recombinant pPICZAa-E2 (HCV-2a, JFH1) vector into Pichia pastoris yeast KM71H strain, and to evaluate the possibility of its expression in this expression system. Materials & Methods: The E2 gene was amplified by using primers containing the EcoRI and XbaI restriction sites and was inserted into the (T-PTG 19) and (pPICZAa) vectors to be transferred into the E. coli. The recombinant pPICZAa-E2 vector was transferred into the yeast through electroporation, and it was evaluated by digestion and sequencing. The yeast was grown in YNB medium contained methanol for five days. Gene expression was studied by western blot. Results: Construction of a recombinant vector pPICZAa-(JFH1)E2, transforming the yeast and its expression in KM71H strain were successfully done. Conclusion: In this study, the whole length of E2 Ag of HCV JFH1, as the protype strain of this virus, was successfully expressed. The result of this study can be used for further analysis of the structure and function of this protein. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - International and Iranian leading corona vaccine: classification, structure, efficacy, and side effects
Seyedeh-Masoumeh Taghizadeh Alireza EbrahiminezhadFollowing the global spread of the new coronavirus, extensive international and national efforts were made to develop a vaccine against the virus. Pharmaceutical giants such as Pfizer, Johnssen Biotech, Astrazeneca, Sinovac, Modrena, Biontec, Bharat, Finlay and China Na MoreFollowing the global spread of the new coronavirus, extensive international and national efforts were made to develop a vaccine against the virus. Pharmaceutical giants such as Pfizer, Johnssen Biotech, Astrazeneca, Sinovac, Modrena, Biontec, Bharat, Finlay and China National Biotech Group, along with research institutes such as the University of Oxford and the Gamalia Research Center, are examples of companies and centers that were able to be more successful than other competitors in the speed race to make and produce Corona vaccine. In Iran, the attempts to make this vaccine were quickly made and Iranian companies and organizations such as Shafa Pharmed, Imam Khomeini Executive Headquarters, Ministry of Defense, Pasteur Institute and Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute are obliged to make efforts in this regard. At present, the corona vaccine produced by these companies and institutions has either received a license or is in the final stages of clinical studies. Many review articles on these vaccines have been published in international journals, but just a few articles refer to the efforts made in Iran. Therefore, in the present article, an attempt has been made to classify and evaluate the structure, efficacy and side effects of these leading international and Iranian coronavirus vaccines. Hence, the information published by the World Health Organization, the US Centers for Disease Control, pharmaceutical companies, reputable research centers and domestic and foreign organizations were employed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Transfection of Sf9 insect cells by recombinant Baculovirus containing Core+1 gene of HCV JFH1 genotype 2a in order to express Core+1 protein
Farideh Sadat Sajadian Fard Pooneh RahimiBackground & Objectives: Recently, a new protein, named Core+1, has been reported to be expressed through a +1 ribosomal frame shift in the Core protein coding region of Hepatitis C virus. The purpose of this study was to design a recombinant Baculovirus vector cont MoreBackground & Objectives: Recently, a new protein, named Core+1, has been reported to be expressed through a +1 ribosomal frame shift in the Core protein coding region of Hepatitis C virus. The purpose of this study was to design a recombinant Baculovirus vector containing HCV-2a (JFH1) Core+1 sequence, and also, to verify the production of this recombinant Core+1 protein in Baculovirus expression system. Materials & Methods: Core+1 gene of HCV-2a (JFH1) was synthesized into pUC57 plasmid. The synthesized target gene was sub-cloned into the plasmid pFastBac-HTA. The recombinant vector was used to transform the competent E. coli DH10Bac containing the donor clone. The recombinant Baculovirus bacmid was produced following transposition. Recombinant bacmid was verified by PCR and then was transfected into Sf9 insect cells to package a new recombinant Bbaculovirus. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting was used to confirm the expression of Core+1 protein in insect cells. Results: Sequence analysis and white-blue colony selection confirmed a successful cloning of the Core+1 sequence of HCV (JFH1) into the pFastBac-HTA vector and transformation of E. coli DH10Bac. Production of recombinant Baculovirus. The HCV-2a (JFH1) Core+1 protein was successfully expressed and confirmed in SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Conclusions: Baculovirus expression system provides a high yield post-translational modification tool for HCV Core+1 protein expression, which is similar to Core+1 protein produced during natural infection with HCV. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - The inhibitory effect of alfalfa epiphytic bacteria on Clavibacter as the causal agent of wilt disease
Mitra Omidinasab Gholam KhodakaramianBackground & Objectives: Due to indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides and its impact on the environment, other methods including the use of epiphytic and endophytic bacteria to control pathogens is highly regarded. Since Medicago sativa is the most important for MoreBackground & Objectives: Due to indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides and its impact on the environment, other methods including the use of epiphytic and endophytic bacteria to control pathogens is highly regarded. Since Medicago sativa is the most important forage crop in Iran and many parts of the world, this study was aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of alfalfa epiphytic bacteria on the causal agent of wilt disease in in-vitro. Materials & Methods: Undiseased alfalfa leaf samples were collected from different parts of Hamedan province, before its flowering. After isolating epiphyte bacteria from alfalfa fields, the antagonistic effect of isolates was investigated by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone against alfalfa bacterial wilt. Protein extraction was performed to assess the pattern of protein bands and the variety of the strains. Biochemical tests and PCR were used to identify the isolates. Results: A total of 30 epiphyte bacteria were isolated from alfalfa shoots. Bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Xanthomonas, based on biochemical, physiological and morphological tests. The highest bactericidal effect was related to isolating No. 16 and the lowest to isolates No. 13, and No. 6, respectively. Using molecular and dendrogram methods, isolate No. 16 was most closely related to Pseudomonas monteilii. Conclusion: Epiphytic bacteria isolated in this study showed a good inhibitory effect against alfalfa wilt in vitro. This can be promising for the biocontrol of this disease. However, further studies are needed to prove the efficacy of the isolates in field conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - Cytocidal effects of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein against Leishmaniatropica
Naghmeh Feridoni Elham Moazamian Manochehr RasouliBackground & Objectives: Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that is caused by an obligate intracellular parasite which belongs to genus Leishmania, order Kinetoplastida. Using bio-microbial control agents as one of the alternative therapies for leishmaniasis inf MoreBackground & Objectives: Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that is caused by an obligate intracellular parasite which belongs to genus Leishmania, order Kinetoplastida. Using bio-microbial control agents as one of the alternative therapies for leishmaniasis infections has been developed. The aim of this study was to assess Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein effects against Leishmania tropica parasite.Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 47 B. thuringiensis isolates from soil samples in different regions of Fars province were collected based on the phenotypic characteristic, crystal toxin staining, and molecular identification. After enzyme digestion of toxin isolates using Proteinase K, their cytocidal effects on L. tropica were analyzed. The isolates with the most toxicity effect were identified by PCR.Results: Our results identified one isolate with the most cytocidal effect on L. tropica. The sb35 isolate crystalline toxin (Cry1) was the most effective toxin on Leishmania, showing the highest cytocidal effect (about 40%) at the concentration of 10-1 mg/ml. Cytopathic effects of promastigote treatment with crystallized toxins were observed as shrinking and inflammation.Conclusion: Considering the results obtained in this study, using crystallized proteins of B. thuringiensis can be considered as an appropriate candidate for treating leishmaniasis by performing complementary studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - Increase in the level of MMP-2 gene expression in liver cirrhotic patients without chronic viral hepatitis B and C infections
Abbasali Rezaeian Ramin Yaghobi Bita GeramizadehBackground & Objectives: Liver cirrhosis is one of the most important causes of the need for liver transplantation. Several factors such as viral infections, autoimmune diseases, taking medication, hereditary diseases, genetic background, and also alcohol consumptio MoreBackground & Objectives: Liver cirrhosis is one of the most important causes of the need for liver transplantation. Several factors such as viral infections, autoimmune diseases, taking medication, hereditary diseases, genetic background, and also alcohol consumption are the causes of liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to optimize an accurate method in order to determine the rate of MMP-2 gene expression as a criterion in the evaluation of development and exacerbation of liver cirrhosis. Materials & Methods: In this study 33 of 258 liver cirrhotic patients after approving the lack of presence of viral hepatitis C and B infections were evaluated with 20 healthy people as control. The rate of MMP-2 gene mRNA expression was appraised and optimized using Real-time PCR technique. Afterward, two patient and control groups were compared in terms of the MMP-2 gene expression. Results: The evaluation of mRNA expression disclosed significant increase of MMP-2 gene in patients group in comparison to control group. Conclusion: Outcomes of the research highlighted that non-viral agents of chronic liver diseases could have an influence on increasing the level of MMP-2 gene expression and liver cirrhosis exacerbation; however, to confirm the above-mentioned results further studies are required. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Cloning and over expression of alpha-amylase gene isolated from Bacillus licheniformis and determination of biochemical characterizations of this recombinant enzyme
Ashraf Kariminik Kobra SaeediBackground & Objectives: α-amylase, is an endoamylase to hydrolyses amylase, amylopectin and glycogen by randomly cleavage of internal alpha 1, 4 linkages. Genus Bacillus is one of the most common microbial sources of α-amylase production. The aim of the MoreBackground & Objectives: α-amylase, is an endoamylase to hydrolyses amylase, amylopectin and glycogen by randomly cleavage of internal alpha 1, 4 linkages. Genus Bacillus is one of the most common microbial sources of α-amylase production. The aim of the present study is identification, overexpression and activity analysis of Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase (amyS). Materials & Methods: A polymerase chain reaction was used to identify and isolate α-amylase gene in Bacillus sp. The fragments were introduced into expression vector pET-26 (+). After sequencing, the recombinant vectors were introduced into E. coli BL21 (DE3) for expression. The recombinant enzyme were purified using amicon filter and dialysis bags. α-amylase activity was measured using di-nitro salicylic acid technique. Results: Based on the results, the α-amylase gene was over-expressed in an expression system beyond the native host (Bacillus sp.). Based on the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, the molecular weight of this enzyme was predicted 54 KDa. The α-amylase showed an enzyme activity about 4.77 U/ml. Conclusion: These results indicated a high expression of this enzyme in an expression system beyond the host, which was due to existence of a strong promoter used in this study, T7promoter. As a result, employment of this system in an industrial scale is recommended due to the secretion of the target enzyme, a proper folding of the enzyme and maintenance of its activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - The effect of recombinant IpaB protein on the develoment of immune responses against Shigella dysenteriae in Guinea Pig
Seyed Akbar Arianzad Mehdi Zeinoddini Azam Haddadi Shahram Nazarian Reza Hasan SajediBackground & Objectives: Shigellosis is an infectious disease caused by Shigella dysenteriae and threatens the lives of millions of people worldwide annually. IpaB protein, which is part of the Shigella type III secretion system (T3SS), it can elicit a favorable imm MoreBackground & Objectives: Shigellosis is an infectious disease caused by Shigella dysenteriae and threatens the lives of millions of people worldwide annually. IpaB protein, which is part of the Shigella type III secretion system (T3SS), it can elicit a favorable immune response against the bacterium. The aim of this study is experimental evaluation of the immunogenicity of a recombinant protein containing immunogenic regions of IpaB as a subunit recombinant vaccine candidate against Shigella dysenteriae. Material & Methods: The gene encoding immunogenic protein that cloned into pET28a expression vector was transformed in the bacterial host E.coil strain Rosetta (DE3) and induced by IPTG. The purified protein was achieved using nickel chromatography column and injected into guinea pigs for immunization. The produced antibody titer was assessed by indirect ELISA assay and finally animal challenge was performed using the Sereny test in guinea pigs.Results: A 36 KDa band as IpaB protein was observed in SDS-PAGE which was confirmed by western blot. The immunological analyses showed production of high titer of specific anti-IpaB antibody (1:102,400) in immunized Guinea pig. The absence of any keratoconjunctival inflammation in immunized guinea pigs in Sereny test indicated high level protection against virulent Shigella dysentriea.Conclusion: The results showed that IpaB can elicit high titer of antibody and protection against Shigella dysentriae in Guinea pigs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Isolation, characterization and serotype classification of Bacillus thuringiensis from different soil samples of Fars province
Elham Moazamian Nima Bahador Manochehr Rasouli Negar AzarpiraBackground and Objective: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterium best known for its production of crystal-like bodies comprised of one or more crystal proteins in sporulation phase, which can be toxic to insects, nematodes and cancer cells. The purpose of this study MoreBackground and Objective: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterium best known for its production of crystal-like bodies comprised of one or more crystal proteins in sporulation phase, which can be toxic to insects, nematodes and cancer cells. The purpose of this study is isolation, characterization and comparison of Cry proteins in the isolated strains obtained in different parts of Fars province. Material and Methods: 25 soil samples were collected from six different habitats in Fars province using seven different methods. Characterization was performed based on biochemical tests, protein crystal morphology by phase-contrast microscope and variation of cry protein toxin using SDS-PAGE. Results: The tests showed a highest count of Bt strains in soil samples obtained from Shiraz city. The Bt colonies were classified according to biochemical tests such as: sucrose and salicin fermentation, lecithinase production and esculin hydrolyzing. Conclusion: Results showed that although isolated strains have a variety of protein bands with different sizes, the proteins with 34KD was observed following proteinase K digestion in all the samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - A confocal-microscopic study on HCV core+1 protein expression
Hassan Noorbazargan Atieh Hashemi Mohamadreza Aghasadeghi Arash Memarnejadian Mahdi Assmar Farzin RoohvandBackground and Objectives: Core+1 or F protein is recently identified to be encoded by hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome. Although functional properties of this protein are not still discovered, core+1 seems to play important roles in viral life cycle and pathogenesis. Thi MoreBackground and Objectives: Core+1 or F protein is recently identified to be encoded by hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome. Although functional properties of this protein are not still discovered, core+1 seems to play important roles in viral life cycle and pathogenesis. This study seeks to clone and express HCV core+1 gene in a eukaryotic system with the final aim of evaluating its potential roles in cell signaling pathways and resistance of HCV to therapy. Material and Methods: Core+1 gene corresponding to the amino acids 1-162 was PCR-amplified from the original gene of subtype b that was previously cloned in a prokaryotic vector (14). The amplicon harboring 6xHis-tag at C-terminal was subsequently subcloned in the eukaryotic pCDNA3.1+ vector. The Nhe I / BamHI restriction sites, initiation and stop codons as well as kozak sequences were designed in the primers. Constructed plasmid was verified by restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing reactions. Liver cell line of Huh7 was transfected with this plasmid using electroporation and lipofection techniques. Transfection efficiency was checked by co-transfection of pEGFPN1 plasmid and flowcytometry. Finally expression and localization of core+1 protein was evaluated by means of confocal microscopic technique. Results: Restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing reactions indicated the accuracy of cloning procedure. Flow cytometric analysis showed higher electroporation efficiency for transfection of Huh7 cells, in comparison with lipofection method. Finally, results of confocal microscopic microscopy using anti-His antibody confirmed the transcription and expression of core+1 protein in Huh7 cells. Conclusions: Our study resulted in the eukaryotic expression of core+1 protein in Huh7 cells and provided an appropriate tool for future studies on the potential interference of core+1 with intracellular signaling pathways and cellular protein interaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Food Security in order to improve reception of capita animal protein to achieve forth development plane
Mohammad Bakhshoodeh Fatemeh FathiThis study researched changing consumer price and expenditure to get animal protein and calorie in order to achieve goal of forth development plane for urban Iranian households. Quadratic almost ideal demand system (QAIDS) during of 19982-2007 was used. Also own, cross MoreThis study researched changing consumer price and expenditure to get animal protein and calorie in order to achieve goal of forth development plane for urban Iranian households. Quadratic almost ideal demand system (QAIDS) during of 19982-2007 was used. Also own, cross price and expenditure elasticity was estimated. According of this result price and expenditure protein and calorie elasticity was estimated. The result showed that changing of poultry meat price had maximum impact. Calorie elasticity of poultry meat was larger than protein group. A Expenditure elasticity of protein and calorie were positive and equal .86 and .87 in protein groups so this group was a normal good. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Effects of Mixed and Row Intercropping on Yield and Quality Traits of Alfalfa and Three Grass Species in Rainfed Areas of Northern Khorasan, Iran
Ali Akbar Ameri Ali Ashraf Jafari -
Open Access Article
313 - Nutritional Value and Acceptability of some Selected Forages in the Derived Savanna Zone of Nigeria as Ruminant Feed
Oluwatosin Omotoso Opeyemi Olatunji Olawale Obameso Ayodele Odufoye Adebowale Fajemisin Adebayo Alokan -
Open Access Article
314 - Investigation of Genetic Variations among Crested Wheatgrass Species Base of Agronomical Traits and Total Leaf Protein
Parvin Salehi Shanjani Ali Ashraf Jafari Razieh Jahanbaz -
Open Access Article
315 - Effects of Selection on Genetic Parameters of Secale montanum Based on Seed Storage Protein Marker
Parvin Salehi Shanjani Ali Ashraf Jafari Roya Hoseinzadeh -
Open Access Article
316 - Estimation of Nutritive Values of Some Range Species as Indicators for Rangelands Management
Reza Dehghani Bidgoli Abulfazl Ranjbarforoei Davoud Akhzari -
Open Access Article
317 - Comparing the Efficiency of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Bio-fertilizers on Quality and Quantity Yield of Pishtaz Wheat Cultivar
Nahid Rozbahani A. Farnia amin fathiIn order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus bio-fertilizer on quality and quantity characteristics of Pishtaz cultivar wheat, a factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013- 2014 at Lorestan pr MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus bio-fertilizer on quality and quantity characteristics of Pishtaz cultivar wheat, a factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013- 2014 at Lorestan province. Factors include 4 levels of biological nitrogen fertilizer (Nitroxin, Nitro Kara, Supernitroplus and control) and 4 levels of biological phosphate fertilizer (bio-phosphorus, phosphate fertilizer, phosphate to grow and control). The results showed that the maximum amount of grain yield, biological yield, grain carbohydrates content and protein content with 568 grams per square meter, 1329.2 grams per square meter, 73% and 13%, respectively belonged to Supernitroplus treatment. Sources of phosphorus bio-fertilizers increased the amount of these traits compare to control treatment. In resources of phosphate bio-fertilizers the maximum amount of biological yield by 1325.2 grams per square meter was obtained in phosphate to grow treatment that increased the 40% compared to control. Biological yield differences in this treatment with control treatment were significant at the 1% probability level. Overall the results of this study showed that application of phosphate bio-fertilizer by Supernitroplus caused improving yield components and finally improving the quality and quantity of wheat compared to control treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Evaluation the effect of drought stress and foliar application of micronutrients on yield of two soybean cultivars (Glycin Max L.) in Khorramabad region
raziyeh movahedi A. Khourgami M. SayyahfarTo evaluate the effects of drought and foliar micronutrients on yield, protein and oil content of soybeans, Split_factorial randomized complete block design with four replications in crop year 2015- 2014 was conducted at the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Kho MoreTo evaluate the effects of drought and foliar micronutrients on yield, protein and oil content of soybeans, Split_factorial randomized complete block design with four replications in crop year 2015- 2014 was conducted at the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad. Stress factor in three levels (control, tension and stress in flowering stage to the stage of pod) as the main factors and the factors at two levels (the M7 and the M9) and foliar application of micronutrients in three levels (non-sprayed, at the stage of flowering and foliar spray at flowering and pod filling stage) factorial trial were considered as secondary factors. The results showed the effects of drought stress, foliar application of micronutrients and the statistical level of 1% and sprayed on the surface of the interaction of drought stress in 5% had significant effect on grain yield. So that the highest grain yield of 3192 kg per hectare with an average normal irrigation and the lowest yield related to stress at flowering stage with an average of 2211 kg per hectare. The highest yield and quality of soybean in non-stress conditions, flowering and pod filling stage and sprayed in two digits (M7) were the most sensitive growth stages of soybean to drought stress is the flowering stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Effect of seeding rate and nitrogen levels on agronomic characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of barley cultivar (MB-82-12)
O. Satari M. Mirzakhani A. HashemiThe barley is one of the most important of cereal plants. This plant tolerance to drought and salinity is relatively good. In order to study the effect of seed rate and nitrogen levels on agronomic characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of barley cultivar, this stu MoreThe barley is one of the most important of cereal plants. This plant tolerance to drought and salinity is relatively good. In order to study the effect of seed rate and nitrogen levels on agronomic characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of barley cultivar, this study was carried out in Aran and Bidgol region in 2014. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Seed rate treatment (S1= 150, S2= 225, S3= 300 kg ha-1) and nitrogen levels treatment (N1= 0, N2= 75, N3= 150 kg ha-1), were assigned in plots. Each sub plot consisted of 6 row, 5 m long with 50 cm between rows space and 5 cm between plants on the rows was used. In this study characteristics such as: Plant height, number of fertile tiller, 1000 grain weight, number of grain per spike, grain yield, harvest index, protein percent, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen appear recovery and amount of nitrogen absorbted were assessed. Results indicated that the interactin effect of seed rate and nitrogen levels treatment on the characteristics such as: nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen appear recovery was significant. The maximum and minimum of nitrogen appear recovery with average (0.44 and 0.14 %) were obtained by the treatment (150 kg ha-1 of seed + 75 kg ha-1 of nitrogen application) and (300 kg ha-1 of seed + 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen application), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Study the response of two chickpea cultivars to application of biological and chemical fertilizers
Chenor Adeli Babak Pasari Asad RokhzadiThis experiment was carried out to study the response of two chickpea cultivars to application of biological and chemical fertilizers in Media Callan Research Farm, located in Kamyaran city- Sanandaj province during 2015. The experiment was split plots in a randomized c MoreThis experiment was carried out to study the response of two chickpea cultivars to application of biological and chemical fertilizers in Media Callan Research Farm, located in Kamyaran city- Sanandaj province during 2015. The experiment was split plots in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. In this study, the main factor with six levels of fertilization including: control: no fertilization, Azetobarvar (as nitrogen bio fertilizer), Phosphobarver (as phosphor bio fertilizer), Potabarvar (as potassium bio fertilizer), combining of Azetobarvar + Phosphobarver + Potabarvar and the recommended chemical ferlizer and subplot were two chickpea cultivars, including: Bivanij and Adel. The results showed that only spad affected significantly by fertilizers as the maximum spad was found in Potabarvar. Also despite of no significant differnce within fertilizers, the maximum seed yield was found in chemical fertilizer and following that in combining of Azetobarvar + Phosphobarver + Potabarvar. In this study the most characters was different significantlly amoung chikpea cultivars. As the lowest numbers of hullow pod in plant and the maximum numbers of day to emergence, numbers of secondary stem, numbers of seed in plant and seed protein percent was found in Adel but the most 100 seed weight achieved in Bivanij. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Effect of row spacing on yield quantity and quality of some determinate and indeterminate growth bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties in Guilan climatic condition
نوید کاظمی طاسکوه معرفت مصطفوی راد محمد حسین انصاریIn order to evaluate row spacing effects on quantitative and qualitqtive yield of some bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties with different growth habits, a field experiment carried out in 2013-14 growing season as split plot arrangement based on complete block design MoreIn order to evaluate row spacing effects on quantitative and qualitqtive yield of some bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties with different growth habits, a field experiment carried out in 2013-14 growing season as split plot arrangement based on complete block design with three replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Guilan Province (Talesh), Iran. Row spacing including of 40, 50, 60, 70 centimeter and five bean varieties including of Sadri, Goli, Akhtar, Pak, Dorsa along with local Pach bean colony as check were randomized in main plots and sub plots, respectively. The greatest seed yield obtained in local Pach bean colony with determinate habit as affected by 50 and 60 centimeter row distances. But, had not significan difeference with Pak variety. The highest pod number per plant and the greatest seed number per plant were shown as affected by the interaction effect between 40 centimeter × Pak variety. The highest harvest index belonged to the interaction effects berween 50 centimeter × local Pach bean colony. In this experiment, the greatest seed protein content obtained as affected by the interaction effects between 40 centimeter × Goli variety. On the basis of this research results, it seems that by decreasing of planting row distances, seed yield is reducted in baens varieties due to radiation deficit within plant canopy, decrement of plant photosynthesis and insufficient allocation of assimilates to bean seeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - Effect of late season drought stress and foliar application of nitrogen on yield and some physiological traits of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum)
Majid Rostami Abdolreza Ahmadi Hoda MohammadiIn order to study the effects of late season drought stress and foliar application of nitrogen on physiological traits and grain yield of wheat an experiment was conducted as strip-plot based on complete randomized blocks design (CRBD) with three replications. The horiz MoreIn order to study the effects of late season drought stress and foliar application of nitrogen on physiological traits and grain yield of wheat an experiment was conducted as strip-plot based on complete randomized blocks design (CRBD) with three replications. The horizontal factor were irrigation treatments (i.e. IR1: full irrigation, IR2: cutting irrigation at grain dough stage and IR3: cutting irrigation at grain milk stage) and the vertical factor were foliar application of nitrogen as urea (N1: control, N2: foliar application of 20 kg. ha-1 urea at flowering stage, N3: foliar application of 20 kg. ha-1 urea at milk stage and N4: foliar application of 20 kg. ha-1 urea at flowering and milk stage). Based on results effects of irrigation and interaction of treatments on relative water content was significant. Effects of experimental treatments and interaction of treatments on leaf chlorophyll were significant. The main effect of irrigation treatment on canopy temperature and hectoliter weight was significant and highest and lowest values of these traits observed in full irrigation and IR3 treatments, respectively. The experimental treatments and interaction of treatments significantly affect grain protein content and decreasing irrigation resulted in increasing grain protein content. Although by cutting the irrigation, protein content in both of treatments (IR2 and IR3) increased but by considering the grain yield it seems that cutting irrigation at grain dough stage is more suitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - Effects of different rates of nitrogen fertilizer on fertilizer use efficiency, yield and forage quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) at different cutting
tohid mohammadi RAOUF SEYED SHARIFI REZA SEYED SHARIFIIn order to study of effects of different rates of nitrogen fertilizer on fertilizer use efficiency, yield and forage quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) at different cutting, a split plot in time experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted wi MoreIn order to study of effects of different rates of nitrogen fertilizer on fertilizer use efficiency, yield and forage quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) at different cutting, a split plot in time experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications in 2010. Experiment factors were included: different rates of nitrogen fertilizer in four levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg.ha-1) in the form of urea in main plots and different cutting in two levels in sub plots. Means comparison indicated that in both cuts, maximum of quantitative and qualitative yield were obtained with increasing nitrogen rates. Of course, nitrogen application had more effects on the first than the second cut. Leaf-stem ratio decreased with increasing of nitrogen fertilizer in the first cut but it increased in the second cut. Maximum of nitrogen use efficiency was obtained in application of 60 kg N.ha-1 in the first cutting and the least of it was in application of 180 kg N.ha-1×the second cutting. Based on the results, sorghum can be harvested twist in environmental conditions of Ardabil. It seems that that application of 180 kg urea.ha-1 can be recommended for increasing of forage yield and qualitative traits such as leaf and stem protein, phosphorus and calcium percentage in the study area Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative traits of alfalfa cultivars forage in different cuts in yazd region
سید علی طباطبایی Ehsan Shakeri مژگان علی نیاIn order to study the effect of cultivar and different cuts on forage yield and protein content of alfalfa cultivars (Mesasirsa, Santetic, Yazdi, Bami, Nik Shahri and Baghdadi), an experiment was conducted in the form of split plot arrangement in randomized complete blo MoreIn order to study the effect of cultivar and different cuts on forage yield and protein content of alfalfa cultivars (Mesasirsa, Santetic, Yazdi, Bami, Nik Shahri and Baghdadi), an experiment was conducted in the form of split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural and natural resources research center of Yazd in 2013-14 growing season. The results showed that effect of cultivar and different cuts was significant on all traits. Misasirsa, Yazdi, Bami and Santetic had the highest fresh forage yield (17.29, 17.02, 17.37 and 18.27 ton/ha) and dry forage yield (4.47, 4.7, 4.56 and 4.59 ton/ha) respectively. Among the cultivars and different cuts, NikShahri and Yazdi had the highest (1.16 and 1.18 respectively) and first harvest had the highest (2) leaf stem ratio. Among the cultivars, the percent of dry matter of NikShahri cultivar was higher than (27.8) other cultivars. First and third harvest had the highest dry matter percent (30.5 and 29.99 respectively). Among the different cuts, First harvest had the highest dry forage yield (6.55 ton/ha). Protein percent of mesasirsa cultivar (21.98) was higher than other cultivars. First and third harvest had the highest protein percent (22.81 and 21.98 respectively). Generally, Yazdi cultivar in first harvest had the highest leaf stem ratio (2.68), dry matter percent (34.68) and dry forage yield (8.03 ton/ha), So, this cultivar was most suitable for Yazd region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - Evaluation of changes of protein percentage, Lysine and Methionine amino acids in potato genotypes and cultivars
Mehdi Aghighi Shahverdi سعیده ملکی فراهانی بهنام ممیوندIt is important to select high yielding and nutritious varieties for potato cultivation. Therefore, an experiment was conducted as randomized complete blocks design (RCBD), with three replications with 15 potato cultivars and 5 potato genotypes (Sprite, Savalan, Satina, MoreIt is important to select high yielding and nutritious varieties for potato cultivation. Therefore, an experiment was conducted as randomized complete blocks design (RCBD), with three replications with 15 potato cultivars and 5 potato genotypes (Sprite, Savalan, Satina, Banba, Buren, Sinja, Ausonia, Kosima, Kondor, Fiannee, Granula, Agria, Agta, Miriam, Morene, 397082-2. 397097-2, 396124, 39704515, 396156-5) in Research Farm of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2011. Results showed that plant height, number of tubers, tuber yield, protein yield and yields of lysine and methionine amino acids of genotypes and cultivars were significant at 1% probability level. Savalan cultivar and 396124 and 39704515 genotypes produced highest tubers yield. Protein yield in cultivars, Cosima, Fiannee, Moran and 397082-2 genotype, and the yield of Lysine amino acid in 397082-2 genotype and the yield of Methionine amino acid in Cosima cultivar were the highest. Cluster analysis of genotypes and cultivars in regard to protein, tuber, Lysine and Methionine amino acids yield classified them into three groups. In this classification, most cultivars and genotypes have a long growth period, also had higher average quantitative and qualitative characteristics optimal. Overall Savalan, Cosima, Fiannee, Moran, Ausonia cultivars and 397097-2 and 39704515 genotypes were selected as superior varieties for production in this area and similar climate conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - Agro-physiological responses of barley to foliar application of some plant-hormones under dryland farming
Sabriyeh Najaf Nia Ali Hatami Mohammad Javad ZareaA field study carried out during 2014-2015 to investigate the effect of various plant hormones, applied single or in combination, on grain yield, yield components and protein content of barley cultivar of Sararood under dryland farming. Experiment conducted at farm rese MoreA field study carried out during 2014-2015 to investigate the effect of various plant hormones, applied single or in combination, on grain yield, yield components and protein content of barley cultivar of Sararood under dryland farming. Experiment conducted at farm research of Ilam university a randomized complete block design consisted of 8 treatments including control, IAA, GA, KIN, IAA+GA, IAA+KIN, GA+KIN and IAA+KIN+GA, replicated in three times. Foliar application of hormones was done when plants were at flowering stage. Results showed that foliar application of hormone treatments resulted in enhanced total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a contents, 1000-grain weight and grain protein content. Foliar application combination of IAA+ KIN had the greatest promoting effects on total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a contents, 1000-grain weight and grain protein and increased total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a contents, 1000-grain weight and grain protein content by 8.69, 10.6 and 9.85%, respectively. Foliar application of hormones, single or in combination, had not significantly effect on plant height, total number of spike m-2, grain number spike-1, grain yield and harvest index. Overall, results of this experiment suggested partial positive effect of plant hormone on agronomic traits of barley under dry land farming. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Evaluation forage yield and quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) accessions in dryland conditions of Eastern Azerbaijan
farid noormand moaied ali ashraf jafari Ahmad Razban Haghighi F. SeiediIn current research, the forage yield and quality of 49 accessions of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were examined using simple lattice design with 2 replications under dryland farming system during 2005-2007 in the Agriculture Research Station of Khosroshahr -Eastern Azerba MoreIn current research, the forage yield and quality of 49 accessions of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were examined using simple lattice design with 2 replications under dryland farming system during 2005-2007 in the Agriculture Research Station of Khosroshahr -Eastern Azerbaijan. The traits: forage dry matter yield, plant height, growth vigour, flowering date, leaf to stem ratio and quality traits consisted of dry matter digestibility, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and total ash were evaluated during 2 years (2006-2007) . The results of combined analysis showed significant differences among accessions and among years. Total means of forage dry matter yield were 5.43 , 4.45 t/ha in years 2 and 3, respectively. The results of correlation analysis among traits indicated that selection for higher forage dry matter yield was produced with earlier flowering, tall plant height and major growth vigour. Considering to negative relationship of forage dry matter yield and quality, from between genotypes with high yield, mostly were selected high the amount of leaf to stem ratio, crude protein, dry matter digestibility, water soluble carbohydrates, and total ash and down amount of crude fiber, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber. For this purpose the genotypes of Khoramabad, Ghara yonja, Flavarjan, Ghazaghestan and Kordestan with average values of 6.5 – 8.5 t/ha forage dry matter yield were tendered for produced synthetic variety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - Effects of phonologic growth stages on forage quality of four rangeland species in Sari plain region
mohamad reza tatian reza tamartash hossein aghajan tabar ali seyed jaber nabaviDetermining forage quality is an important factor for proper management of rangelands. Information on forage quality of key species is necessary to assess rangelands to supply the feedstock requirements of livestock which depends on growth season and rangeland grazing c MoreDetermining forage quality is an important factor for proper management of rangelands. Information on forage quality of key species is necessary to assess rangelands to supply the feedstock requirements of livestock which depends on growth season and rangeland grazing capacity. This research was conducted in Sari plain region at three growth stages of four rangeland species, including white clover (Trifolium repens L.), sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa), snail medic (Medicago scutellata), and common alfalfa (Medicago sativa) which have three life forms. The samples were randomly collected at three phenological growth stages (vegetative growth, flowering and seed formation). Then chemical analysis was accomplished to determine the contents of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), dry matter digestiblity (DMD) and metabolic energy (ME). The results showed that the effect of phenological growth stages on forage quality indicators including cell wall free hemicelluloses and digestible dry matter were significantly higher than other indicators. The percentage of ADF on sainfoin and white clover species increased in the later compared to earlier growth stages. Percentage of DMP significantly reduced during phenological stages in these species. White clover had the most nutritive value than other species in beginning of growth and flowering stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - Study of Correlations and regression analysis between quantitative and qualitative characteristics in different cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)in different planting pattern
Gholamreza Hamzehpour احمد توبه پریسا شیخ زادهPlanting pattern is a crucial factor in grain yield and oil crop quality characteristics of rapeseed, for this purpose a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2014 in Ardabil. The first factor was canola cult MorePlanting pattern is a crucial factor in grain yield and oil crop quality characteristics of rapeseed, for this purpose a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2014 in Ardabil. The first factor was canola cultivars at three levels (Hyola 308, Hyola 401 and R.G.S 003), second factor row of three levels (20, 30 and 40 cm) and third factor was plants interval on row at two levels including 5 and 10 cm. The triple effect of cultivars × distance between rows × between plants on row was significant on number of pods per plant, seeds number, one thousand seeds weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, protein percentage, protein yield and grain nitrogen content. The highest seed yield (3875 kg/ha) obtained in plant spacing of 5 cm × 20 cm row spacing × Hyola308. Oil yield was highest in row spacing 20 and 30 cm and highest protein content obtained in Hyola 308 with plants interval of 30 × 5 cm, respectively. Seed yield had significant positive correlation with biological yield (r=0.85**), harvest index (r=0.44**), oil percentage (r=0.38*), oil yield (r=0.84**), protein percentage (r=0.46**), protein yield (r=0.89**) and seed nitrogen (r=0.47**). Stepwise regression analysis, grain yield as dependent trait is influenced by the three variables, protein yield, protein percentage and oil yield regression model, totally 95% of the variations in grain yield was related to these three traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - The Effect of Irrigation and use of organic Fertilizers and Agronomic and Physiological traits millet Varieties (Panucum miliaceum L)
جعفر مسعود سینکی محمدرضا حاتمی قنبر لایی سعید قریب بلوکIn order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and use of organic fertilizers and agronomic and physiological traits millet varieties (split-split plot) in a randomized complete block design with three replications Damghan in 2012-2013. Millet cultivars (Bastan and Pisha MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of irrigation and use of organic fertilizers and agronomic and physiological traits millet varieties (split-split plot) in a randomized complete block design with three replications Damghan in 2012-2013. Millet cultivars (Bastan and Pishahang) were the main factor, no irrigation stress (stages of BBCH55 and BBCH65 and control) were the sub factor and fertilizer level (no fertilizer, farmyard manure 100% and compost 100%) was the sub-sub factor. The results showed that the greatest amount of soluble sugars was 13.62% under the three factor effect of cultivar, no irrigation and fertilizing in Pishahang cultivars with control fertilizing rate and no irrigation at BBCH55 stage. The highest amount of fiber under the three factor effect was 55.44% in Bastan cultivar with farmyard manure 100% and control. The highest protein percentage was in the interaction between cultivar and no irrigation in Pishahang cultivar and no irrigation at BBCH65 stage. Maximum percentage of ash was 8.1648% in Bastan cultivar. The highest dry matter production was 54.14% in the interaction between cultivar and no irrigation in Pishahang cultivar and no irrigation at control stage. According to the results, we can say that both Bastan and Pishahang cultivars have good forage yield and considering their short growing period, they can be used as second crops for forage production. Moreover, severe stress reduces the forage yield and production efficiency. In addition, adding farmyard manure and compost significantly increases the yield in these forage plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - Effect of irrigation regimes on some quantity and quality traits of three bread wheat cultivars in Isfahan province
H. DehghanzadehTo determine the effect of irrigation regimes on some quantity and quality traits of three bread wheat cultivars in Isfahan, two one-year field experiments were carried out in a split plot layout arranged as randomized complete blocks design with four replicates in two MoreTo determine the effect of irrigation regimes on some quantity and quality traits of three bread wheat cultivars in Isfahan, two one-year field experiments were carried out in a split plot layout arranged as randomized complete blocks design with four replicates in two consecutive growing seasons; 2012 - 2013 and 2013 - 2014. The main plots considered irrigation regimes (irrigation after 75, 95 and 115 mm cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan), and sub-plots considered three wheat cultivars (Sepahan, Ghods and Pishtazs).Results showed that irrigation after 75 and 95 mm cumulative evaporation did not differ significantly for morphological traits, yield and yield components. Delay in irrigation from 95 to 115 mm cumulative pan evaporation significantly reduced grain yield and its components and increased protein percent. Ghods and Pishtaz cultivars had the highest and the lowest number of grain per spike and the lowest and the highest thousand kernel weight and the lowest and the highest grain yield, respectively. It was concluded that by irrigation wheat after 95 mm cumulative pan evaporation, water could be saved by 22% with no significant loss in yield, while grain protein increased by 1.77 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - The Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen on Yield and Yield Components of two Sweet Corn Varieties in Yasouj Region
E. Afshar M. Afshar E. Afshar M.J. FereidooniIn order to study the influence of different levels of nitrogen and early and medium maturity cultivars on yield and yield components of sweet corn, an experiment was conducted in Yasouj region during summer 2011. The experiment was arranged in split plots based on rand MoreIn order to study the influence of different levels of nitrogen and early and medium maturity cultivars on yield and yield components of sweet corn, an experiment was conducted in Yasouj region during summer 2011. The experiment was arranged in split plots based on randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. Main plot included four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150 Kg N ha-1) and sub plots included two early and medium maturity cultivars. Results showed that interaction of nitrogen and cultivar was significant on fresh ear yield. Application of 150 kg N ha-1 at medium maturity cultivar produced the highest fresh ear (1892 gr m-2) that was significant difference with other treatment. The treatment of 100 kg N ha-1 had the highest effect on grain yield (521.27 gr m-2) and medium maturity cultivar with of grain yield equals 498.57 gr m-2 was showed a higher yield than early cultivar. The highest thousand grain weight (141.99 gr) was obtained at 150 kg N ha-1 treatment. Also the highest fresh forage yield (2436.8 gr m-2) related to application of 150 kg N ha-1. Generally it seems that application of medium maturity cultivar and 150 kg N ha-1 due to maximum yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Evaluation of morphological traits, yield and yield components of soybean genotypes (Glycine max L.) in Parsabad Moghan region
Mehdi Aghighi Shahverdi F. Abassi Shahmersi B. MamivandTo evaluate the morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of soybean genotypes, an experiment in randomized complete block design with 3 replications were conducted in Parsabade Moghan in 2011-12. Genotypes were evaluated in this experiment Apollo, Zane, MoreTo evaluate the morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of soybean genotypes, an experiment in randomized complete block design with 3 replications were conducted in Parsabade Moghan in 2011-12. Genotypes were evaluated in this experiment Apollo, Zane, L.17, Williams, INA, Hsus-H116, Spry, Ks4895, Stress land, Rend, L.77-2061, Omaha, L.75-6141, Darby, NE3399, L.93-3312 and L.83-570. Plant height, distance between the first split, number of branches, number of pods, pod weight, seed weight, number of seed, thousand seed weight, grain yield, protein content and yield were evaluated. The results showed had significant differences in plant height, number of branches, pods and seeds per plant, pod weight, 1000 seed weight, grain and protein yield. Among genotypes, Darby had the highest number of branches per plant 6.55, number of pods per plant 119.89, weight of pods per plant 17.19 g, 1000 seed weight 29.49 g, number of seeds per plant 246.06, grain yield 72.5 kg ha-1 and protein yield 3316 kg ha-1. The highest protein percentage (50.75) were observed at L.75-6141 and maximum distance from the first branching (15.70 cm) per Ks4895 genotype. The Williams and Zane 16 genotypes also were has highest average plant height (103.33 cm) and seed weight (166.57 g). Cluster analysis of soybean genotypes classified into three groups, Group I, II and III, were in their place, 8, 5 and 4 respectively genotypes, in this between, second group (including Darby, Williams, Hsus-H116, Apollo, L.93-3312 genotypes) had a mean yield and quality traits than the other two groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - Effect of nitrogen rate and cutting time on grain and forage yield in dual purpose barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivation in Gorgan
علیرضا الازمنی Abbasali NouriniaIn order to evaluate the dual purpose barley cultivation, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) at Agricultural Research Station of Gorgan, Iran. Three levels of nitrogen N; N1=35, N2=70 and N3=105 kg.ha-1 as main-pl MoreIn order to evaluate the dual purpose barley cultivation, an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) at Agricultural Research Station of Gorgan, Iran. Three levels of nitrogen N; N1=35, N2=70 and N3=105 kg.ha-1 as main-plots and three cutting times C; C0=no-cutting, C1=first and C2=second harvest as sub-plots were studied with four replications. When forage harvested in 31 Zadox stage, generally less grain were produced than forage harvesting in 31 Zadox stage, were considerably reduced grain yield, as using more nitrogen could not recover postponement in harvesting for forage. According to the results generally, highest amount of forage and grain yield were obtained when 105 kg.ha-1 nitrogen applied in the 31 zadox stage. It could be suggested that, harvesting in the first node stage and application of 105 kg.ha-1 nitrogen should be considered for obtaining highest yield of forage and grain of barely in Gorgan region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - Effects of Humic Acid Sprays and of Planting Dates on Some Mung Bean Traits (Vigna raddia L.)
aliakbar rezvani جعفر مسعود سینکی hoosain abaspoor saeid gharib boloukA split factorial experiment was done in Bastam region in Shahrud during 2011-2012 crop year,using randomized complete design block with 3 replications to investigate the effect of planting data on some cultivars of mung bean. The experimental treatments included three MoreA split factorial experiment was done in Bastam region in Shahrud during 2011-2012 crop year,using randomized complete design block with 3 replications to investigate the effect of planting data on some cultivars of mung bean. The experimental treatments included three planting dates (1st, 11th, and 21st of May, 2011), the application of humic acid spray at three levels (control, 40%, and 60%),and VC and Parto cultivars. Results from this study suggest that the second planting date provides the best conditions for reducing environmental effects and preserving the dry and fresh weights of the seed (53.57 g/shrub, and 174.97 g/shrub). In addition, the interaction between the planting date and dry weight of the seed, as well as between the planting date and fresh weight of the seed were significant at the level of 5% and 1%, respectively. The cultivars under planting date treatment showed statistical difference at the level of 1% in some traits namely 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per pod, and yield. Among the cultivars, the maximum 1000-seed weight (63.21 g) belonged to the Parto cultivar. In addition, the application of humic acid spray affected 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per pod, and seed yield in different cultivars at the level of 1%; in that, the maximum effect belonged to the application of humic acid 60% spray (66.20 g). On the other hand, such traits as protein content and ash content were not affected by any of the factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Effect of low irrigation and use of phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizer on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
M. Nasiri Arash Roozbahani M. Ziaei nasabTo investigate the effects of low irrigation and use of phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizer and drought stress on yield and yield components of safflower, an experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replic MoreTo investigate the effects of low irrigation and use of phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizer and drought stress on yield and yield components of safflower, an experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012 in Alborz Province (Mahdasht city). In this study, the low irrigation factor at four levels: control (optimum irrigation), low irrigation at flowering, low irrigation at fruiting and low irrigation during tow stages and phosphate solubilizing bio-fertilizer factor at four levels: control (no application), seed coated, foliar spray and combined application (seed coated and foliar spray )was considered. Based on the results of the analysis, each of the factors of low irrigation and bio-fertilizer except for harvest index had significant effect on all traits at the 1% level. The lowest traits amounts was observed in drought stress at flowering and fruiting and the highest traits amounts was obtained in no drought stress condition. Bio-fertilizer caused to increase of yield and yield components of safflower when the fertilizer applied in both foliar application and seed coated than the others.According to interaction effects not only application of bio fertilizer cause to increase yield and yield component but also cause to improve more traits under drought conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Evaluation of yield, yield components and nitrate leaching in soybean cultivation affected by different types of fertilizers and weed interference
Mahmood Ramroudi Javad Mahmoudi Mehdi Dahmarde Mohammad GalaviAmong the several factors reducing plants yield, weed interference has great important. To investigate the effect of fertilizer types and weeds management on yield, yield components and nitrate leaching in soybean an experiment was conducted as split plots in randomized MoreAmong the several factors reducing plants yield, weed interference has great important. To investigate the effect of fertilizer types and weeds management on yield, yield components and nitrate leaching in soybean an experiment was conducted as split plots in randomized complete block design with three replications in Chalus city in summer of 2013 and 2014. Fertilizers types including chemical fertilizer, manure and nano-chelates spraying as the main plot and weed control in three levels including emergence to flowering, critical period of weed interference and no weeding were considered as sub-plots. The results showed that yield with weeding during the critical period as well as weeding until flowering was achieved in a statistical group and were significantly more than non-control treatment. The highest weeds dry weight was obtained in gweed infested treatment and increasing in weed control time caused their weight loss. Among the fertilizer treatments, the highest dry weed weight was observed by chemical fertilizer application. Maximum nitrate concentration at a soil depth of 80-100 cm were obtained by using chemical fertilizer. Weeds dry weight increased and the nitrate concentration decreased when the weeds control duration was reduced. In general, the results showed that weed control during the critical period increased the grain yield by increasing the yield components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Study of quantitative and qualitative traits of bread wheat by using of Cycocel, Zinc sulfate and bio-fertilizer application under dry land farming
Mostafa Ahmadi Mohammad Javad Zarea Yahya EmamWheat is one of the most crops and Wheat bread is the main component of Iranian nutrition patterns. A two field experiments (2013-2014) was conducted as a randomized complete block design with 3 replications at two locations (Ilam and Bushehr) to study quantitative and MoreWheat is one of the most crops and Wheat bread is the main component of Iranian nutrition patterns. A two field experiments (2013-2014) was conducted as a randomized complete block design with 3 replications at two locations (Ilam and Bushehr) to study quantitative and qualitative traits of bread wheat cultivar Kohdasht. Treatments were two levels of Cycocel (CCC) (0, 2.5 g/L), application of Zinc sulfate (Zn) at the three rates (0, 25 and 50 kg/ha) and Nitroxin, as bio-fertilizer, (seed inoculated and non-inoculated). Results showed that CCC application in both locations had significant effect on yield and its components. CCC spraying in compared to control treatment increased spike number per meter square, grain number per spike and grain yield by about 14.6, 19.6 and 28.5 percentages, respectively. The highest grain protein content (13.8%), wet Gluten (36.1%), Gliadin (53.6%) and Glutenin (31.8%) were obtained from plants treated with CCC spraying, at 50 kg/ha of zinc sulfate and Nitroxin-inoculated seeds treatment. CCC spraying at the concentration level of 2.5 g/L, application of 50 kg of Zn and inoculation of seeds with Nitroxin resulted to the highest grain yield (1710 kg/ha) and the highest amounts of lysine, Threonine and Methionine were obtained by about 510, 545 and 772 milligram per 100 gram of protein sample, respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that CCC at the concentration level of 2.5 g/L, 50 kg/ha of Zn and seed inoculation with Nitroxin might be effective in improvement of grain yield in wheat under dry land farming. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Effect of chemicals and biological Potassium fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of three corn Hybrids Under Drought Stress
mohamad sadegh Azadi Alireza shokuhfar Mani Mojadam shahram lak mojtaba alavifazelAmong stresses, drought stress has high impact on limitation of maize (Zea mays L.) production. potash management under water limitation condition is an important factor to obtain high grain yield of maize. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of chemical an MoreAmong stresses, drought stress has high impact on limitation of maize (Zea mays L.) production. potash management under water limitation condition is an important factor to obtain high grain yield of maize. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of chemical and biological potash fertilizers and drought stress quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn varieties in 2014 and 2015 in Dehloran, Iran. The experiment was conducted as split split plots in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The treatments included drought stress (normal irrigation, cutting irrigation at 12 leaf stage and at tassel emergence) as main factor, potassium sulfate application in three levels (100% potassium sulfate, 70% potassium sulfate fertilizer with 30% fertile-2 fertilizer, and 50% potassium sulfate fertilizer with 50% fertile-2 fertilizer) as sub plots and three corn hybrids (AS71, NS640 and CORDONA) as sub sub plots. The results of showed that the combined application of potassium chemical and chemical fertilizer with modulating effects Drought stress increased the characteristics of corn. The AS71 hybrid, the most tolerant and hybrid NS640, were the most sensitive hybrid to drought stress. The highest plant height, grain yield and biological yield, total chlorophyll (a + b), seed protein and seed iron content were obtained under application conditions of 50% potassium sulfate fertilizer with 50% fertile-2 fertilizer. The application of this fertilizer recommended in Dehloran region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - Effect of drought stress and zinc sulfate spraying on growth, yield and photosynthetic pigments in wheat cultivar Alvand
abbas fallahDrought stress is a major contributor to decrease growth and yield of wheat that decline the absorption of micronutrients especially zinc from the soil. This experiment was carried out as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications to invest MoreDrought stress is a major contributor to decrease growth and yield of wheat that decline the absorption of micronutrients especially zinc from the soil. This experiment was carried out as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications to investigate the effect of zinc sulfate on increasing tolerance to drought stress in wheat, at research farm of Fereydunshahr, Esfahan province in 2016-2017. Treatments included drought stress at 50, 75 and 90% field capacity (FC) and zinc sulfate solution at zero (control), 0.5% and 1% in three stages (tillering, stem elongation, flag leaf appearance). In this experiment, drought stress significantly reduced plant height, number of spikes per square meter, 1000-seed weight, spike length, biological yield, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and protein. Irrigation in 50% of crop capacity (severe stress) increased the amount of proline by 41.24% compared to control. Zinc sulfate solution (1%) significantly increased all parameters including seed yield (2602.3 kg/ha), biological yield (7603 kg/ha), protein (13.04%) and Proline (35.03 μM/g fresh weight). In the interaction of zinc sulfate solution (1%), under severe stress conditions, chlorophyll b was increased by 34.85% relative to non-soluble spray. In general, foliar application of zinc decreased harmful effects of oxidative stress due to water deficit stress and improved growth conditions for plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - Effect of different levels of nitrogen and plant density on yield and yield components of sweet corn
ahmad hasnakifard seyedatalah Siadat Ghodratolah Fathi khalil Alami Saeid Mohammadhossein DaneshvarIn order to study effects of different levels of nitrogen and plant density on yield and components of Sweet corn (hybrid SC 403), a field experiment was conducted at Ramin University of Agriculture Natural and Resources. Experiment was carried out as factorial design a MoreIn order to study effects of different levels of nitrogen and plant density on yield and components of Sweet corn (hybrid SC 403), a field experiment was conducted at Ramin University of Agriculture Natural and Resources. Experiment was carried out as factorial design arranged in, randomized completely blocks design with 3 replications. The treatments were three levels of nitrogen (100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1) and three levels of plant density (85000, 70000 and 55000 plants ha-1 ) Grain yield, dry matter yield, wet cob yield, kernel number in row, kernel number row, 1000 grain weight, cob length, cob diameter, harvest index (HI), and grain protein. contents were determined The results showed that effect of nitrogen was significant on all traits. The highest grain and wet cob yield (6.39 and 24.78 t per ha-1 ) and the highest of grain protein percentage (14.16%) was obtained with 200 kg/ha-1 nitrogen. The highest kernel number per row, kernel number per row, 1000 grain weight, cob length, cob diameter and harvest index (HI) were obtained with 200 kgha-1 of nitrogen. The effect of plant density was significant on all traits. The highest grain and wet cob yield (5.96 and 24.81 t ha-1 ) were obtaned with 85000 plant per ha but the highest grain protein percentage was obtained with 55000 plants per ha. The interaction between nitrogen and plant density was significant for grain yield, dry matter yield and cob length. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - Effect of ascorbic acid and sodium nitroprusside foliar spraying on yield and qualitative characteristics of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) at different levels of drought stress
Parviz Yadollahi Dehcheshmeh Mohammad Ali Javaheri Mohammad Reza AsgharipourToday, application of anti-oxidant and plant growth regulators has been proposed to reducing the negative impacts of drought stress. Ascorbic acid and sodium nitroprusside are the substances that make plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the e MoreToday, application of anti-oxidant and plant growth regulators has been proposed to reducing the negative impacts of drought stress. Ascorbic acid and sodium nitroprusside are the substances that make plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the effect of drought stress, ascorbic acid and sodium nitroprusside foliar sprays were examined on the qualitative characteristics in summer squash plants. The experimental design was a split plot factorial with two irrigation regimes; irrigation at 75% FC and irrigation at 25% FC, as the main treatments, and combination of sodium nitroprusside at three levels of 0, 50 and M and ascorbic acid at three levels of 0, 10 and 20 mM at flowering stage as subplot that were applied with three replications. The experiment was conducted in 2011 at the Zabol University research farm in Zabol, south Iran. Deficit irrigation reduced seed oil content and chlorophyll a. Also delay irrigation decreased relative water content of leaves. Ascorbic acid spraying increased, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, protein and oil contents of leaves, but leaf relative water content decreased with the use of ascorbic acid. The concomitant use of 20 mM of ascorbic acid and 100 M of sodium nitroprusside achieved the greatest chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, protein and oil contents and relative water content of leaves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Evaluation of Forage Quality in Intercropping of Corn and Cowpea Affected by Foliar Application of Urea and Vermicompost
Ghodratollah Shah Karami farrokh rahimzadehkhoei Masoud Rafiei Bahram Mirshekari Varharam RashidiOne of the most important elements in forage crop production and management is high forage qualitative. In order to evaluation the effect of urea foliar application and vermicompost fertilizer on forage qualitative in corn (Zea mays L.) – cowpea (Vigna unguiculata MoreOne of the most important elements in forage crop production and management is high forage qualitative. In order to evaluation the effect of urea foliar application and vermicompost fertilizer on forage qualitative in corn (Zea mays L.) – cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) mix cropping, an experiment was lay out in RCBD as strip- split plot with four replications in Khorramabad temperate region during 2011- 2012. Urea foliar application and control, using vermicompost fertilizer and control, and corn + cowpea mix cropping (sole corn and sole cowpea, and %75:%25, %50: %50, %25: %75, corn:cowpea) were the factors. Urea foliar application and using vermicompost fertilizer had better performance than controls. The lowest pure fibers and the highest ash, pure protein, amount of forage energy, digestible dry matter, and protein yield were achieved from Urea foliar application and using vermicompost fertilizer and %75:%25 and %50: %50, corn:cowpea mix cropping rates. Results showed that foliar application significantly affected forage quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Effect of seed priming with salicylic acid and plant growth promoting bacteria on some morpho-physiological traits of mung bean (Vigna radiata)
Behrooz Mohannadparast Ali Hatami Majid Rostami Abdolah AziziIn order to study the effects of mung bean seed priming with salicylic acid (0, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mM) and inoculation with different plant growth promoting bacteria (control, inoculation with Pseudomonas, Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum lipoferum) a factorial expe MoreIn order to study the effects of mung bean seed priming with salicylic acid (0, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mM) and inoculation with different plant growth promoting bacteria (control, inoculation with Pseudomonas, Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum lipoferum) a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Based on results, the interaction effect of salicylic acid priming and inoculation with growth-promoting bacteria on leaf chlorophyll index, protein percentage, grain yield and harvest index were significant. However, root dry weight, root volume and biological yield were only affected by the simple effects of salicylic acid priming and inoculation with growth-promoting bacteria. The highest amounts of biological yield, root volume and dry weight observed in 0.5 mM salicylic acid priming. In all levels of salicylic acid, inoculation with Azotobacter resulted in highest percentage of seed protein content. The positive effects of plant growth promoting bacteria on seed yield, leaf chlorophyll index and harvest index was related to concentration of salicylic acid and in the concentration of 0.2 and 0.5 mM the highest seed yield observed after inoculation with Pseudomonas treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - The effects of auxine and cytokinin hormones on maize grain quality unde drought stress condition
Ali Mahrokh Majid Nabipour Habibalah Roshanfekr Rajab ChoganThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of auxin and cytokinin spraying in different growth stages on grain composition of maize (KSC 704) under drought stress condition during 2013 growing season at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran. The experim MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of auxin and cytokinin spraying in different growth stages on grain composition of maize (KSC 704) under drought stress condition during 2013 growing season at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran. The experiment was carried out in three separate environments included non-drought stress environment, drought stress in the vegetative stage and drought stress in the reproductive stage. In each environment, foliar application of cytokinin in three stages (control, V5 –V6 and V8-V10) and foliar application of auxin in three stages (control, silk emergence and 15 days after that) was laid out as a factorial design based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the maximum protein (10.93%) and soluble sugar (5.80%) in grain were obtained under drought stress in the productive stage whereas the maximum starch (77.37%) and grain dry mater (90.83%) were obtained in non-stress condition. Foliar application of cytokinin in V8-V10 stage, increased convert starch to soluble sugar on the other hand, foliar application of auxin in silk emergence stage caused converting hexose sugars to starch, increasing the sink capacity (grain endosperm) for receiving more starch and also increasing the grain dry mater . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Effect of planting date and chemical and biological fertilizers application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Ali Sepehri Hasan ShahbaziIn order to study the effects of planting date and chemical and biological fertilizers on grain yield of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an experiment as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the research farm of B MoreIn order to study the effects of planting date and chemical and biological fertilizers on grain yield of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an experiment as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the research farm of Bu-Ali Sina university. Three planting date including at 22 May, 31 May and 10 June as main plot and four leveles of fertilizer included (50% nitrogen chemical fertilizer + nitrogen biofertilizer + complete phosphorus chemical fertilizer), (50% phosphorus chemical fertilizer + phosphorus biofertilizer + complete nitrogen chemical fertilizer), (50% nitrogen and 50% phosphorus chemical fertilizers + nitrogen and phosphorus biofertilizers), (100% nitrogen and phosphorus chemical fertilizers) as sub plot were used. Results indicated that the effect of planting date and biofertilizer and interaction effects between planting date and biofertilizers were significant for number of seed per plant, economic yield, biological yield, oil and protein content of grain traits at 1% levels. In the first planting date, application of 100 % chemical fertilizer and simultaneous use of nitrogen+ phosphorus chemical with biofertilizer had a grain protein yield equal 268.43, 236.10 kg/h, respectively. The lowest content of grain oil and grain protein was obtained in the third planting date. Therefore, 22 May planting date and use of combine biological and chemical fertilizers for planting peanuts is recommended in Hamadan condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Azotobacter chroococcum on growth and yield of red bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Hadi Khavari Ghodratolah ShakaramiToday, the emphasis is on stable agricultural, the long-term stability of crop production with minimal impact on the environment. The use of biological fertilizers has been considered in recent years, with the purpose of eliminating or reducing many environmental impact MoreToday, the emphasis is on stable agricultural, the long-term stability of crop production with minimal impact on the environment. The use of biological fertilizers has been considered in recent years, with the purpose of eliminating or reducing many environmental impacts irreparable, caused by indiscriminate use of chemical-based agricultural ecosystems. To study the effect of Mycorrhizal and Azotobacter biological fertilizers on growth and yield of red bean, an experiment in crop year 2016 in Lorestan Beiranshahr, a factorial experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. Parameters studied: mycorrhizal fungi at two levels (inoculated and no inoculated), inoculated with Azotobacter bacteria at two levels: (inoculated and non-inoculated) and red bean (Beiranshahr landrace, Akhtar and Goli Cultivars). The results showed the effect of three factors were significant at probability 1 percent level, plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, seed yield and seed protein yield; And the interaction of three factors (Azetobacter×Mycorrhiza×varieties) on plant height, seed yield and seed protein yield at 5 percent probability level. seed yield in Beiranshahr landrace, Akhtar and Goli Cultivars, increased 56.5, 19.1 and 43.2 Percent Respectively. The highest seed yield was obtained from the combined effect of Inoculation Azotobacter×Mycorrhizal inoculation×Goli Cultivar (298.90 kg. ha-1) plants with form the progressive and unlimited growth. According to the findings of this study, the use of biological fertilizers containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alone or along with Azotobacter crocococcus can be recommended in red bean cultivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Evaluation of the effect of the return of different types of plant residues to soil on the yield of maize
einollah heammi Mohsen Jahan Mehdi Nassiri-Mahallati Rozbeh FarhoudiTo investigate the effects of the residues of pre-cultivated plants on the physical and chemical properties of two types of soils and maize yield in the north of Khuzestan, an experiment was carried out at experimental farm of Shuster Faculty of Agriculture during2014-1 MoreTo investigate the effects of the residues of pre-cultivated plants on the physical and chemical properties of two types of soils and maize yield in the north of Khuzestan, an experiment was carried out at experimental farm of Shuster Faculty of Agriculture during2014-15and2014-15.Two field experiments were performed in two years and two locations in a randomized complete block design data were subjected to combined analysis. The maize was cultivated in fields with these crop residues for two years, and then, soil properties, growth and yield characteristics of maize were studied. Measured values for such traits in sandy Loam soil were greater than clay Loam soil. The residues of pre-cultivated plants including beans, wheat, rapeseed and cabbage caused pH of soil by2%,3%,2% and 2% showed significant reduce compared to, respectively. Using residue of per-cultivated plants resulted in increased aggregate stability, organic matter, soil moisture, organic carbon, total amounts of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus by50%,49%,40%,33%,22%,24% and70%, respectively, and this increase was remarkable in sandy Loam soil. The results of this study clearly indicated that the use of the crop residues of pre-cultivated plants in field increased growth, yield and yield components, and in this regard, the bean residues were more useful than other plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - The effect of chlormequat chloride spraying and different level of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Alireza Emadi Hadi Pirasteh-AnoshehTo evaluate the effect of varied concentrations of chlormequat chloride (CCC) on yield, yield components and grain quality of rapeseed under different nitrogen (N) levels, a field study was conducted as factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with MoreTo evaluate the effect of varied concentrations of chlormequat chloride (CCC) on yield, yield components and grain quality of rapeseed under different nitrogen (N) levels, a field study was conducted as factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2014-2015 growing season in Marvdasht. The treatments were consisted of nitrogen fertilizer at four levels: 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 and CCC spraying at three concentrations: 0, 1.5 and 3 g.L-1. IThe results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of N on all traits, the effect of CCC on all traits except hundred grain weight and the effect of N and CCC interaction on all traits except hundred grain weight and protein percentage were significant. Nitrogen and CCC had positive and significant effect on yield, yield components as well as protein and oil percentage of seed. In general, increasing N up to 150 kg ha-1 was associated with enhanced quantity and quality of rapeseed crop, whereas more amount of N had no significant effect on yield components but reduced oil percentage of seed. There is no significant difference between 1.5 and 3 g.L-1 CCC spraying. Under no CCC application, N up to 150 kg.ha-1 and under CCC foliar application N up to 200 kg.ha-1 increased grain yield. Exceeded amount of N stimulate tillering and increase infertile tillers and reduce N efficiency, while CCC as a growth retardant increased uniformity intra plants and increased fertile tillers via prolong of development during. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - Effects of plant density on quantitative and qualitative of three Amaranths in Gorgan region
Mohammad Taghi Feyzbakhsh Amireza Safaei Hassan MokhtarpourAmaranths is one of the new forage crops that less studies have been done about it in Iran. In order to investigate the effects of plant density on quantitative and qualitative forage of three Amaranths in Gorgan region, an experiment was conducted in 2017. The experime MoreAmaranths is one of the new forage crops that less studies have been done about it in Iran. In order to investigate the effects of plant density on quantitative and qualitative forage of three Amaranths in Gorgan region, an experiment was conducted in 2017. The experiment was a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. This experiment was carried out at Gorgan research station of Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. The experimental factors included: The cultivar in three levels (Cim, Loura and Kharkovski) and plant spacing on rows at three levels (5, 10 and 15 cm). Based on the results of the experiment, the spacing on the row and different cultivars caused a significant difference in fresh forage yield, dry forage yield, percentage of crude protein, crude protein yield, non-soluble fiber in neutral detergent (NDF), percentage of lignin, calcium and phosphorus. Interaction effects were significant only on lignin, calcium and phosphorus percentages. The highest fresh forage yield, dry forage yield obtained at a spacing on row of 5 cm. In three genotype with increase spacing on row, calcium and lignine decreased. But the amount of phosphorus did not follow a particular trend. Also the highest percentage of crude protein, crude protein yield, NDF and crude fat observed in Loura. The dry forage yield of Loura less than other genotypes. However, in terms of qualitative and nutritional characteristics, forage was favorable. Therefore, using this genotype is desirable in order to achieve high quality forage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Effect of iron and zinc spraying and harvesting times on germination and some biochemical characteristics of soybean cultivar Williams 82
Armin Poursafar Mohammad Sedghi Raouf Seyed Sharifi Mohammad HasanzadehIn order to study the changes of seed germination of soybean (Glycine max) and some biochemical characteristics, a factorial experiment as randomized complete block design was conducted at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Ardabil Province (Magha MoreIn order to study the changes of seed germination of soybean (Glycine max) and some biochemical characteristics, a factorial experiment as randomized complete block design was conducted at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Ardabil Province (Maghan) in 2020-2021. Treatments included 2 spraying factors as iron and zinc sulfates besides three harvesting times: green pod, physiological maturity and dry mature pod. According to the results, interactions of spraying and harvesting time were significant on grain yield and protein percentage, and the highest amounts of both traits were obtained by applying zinc sulfate at dry mature pod. Seed oil content was affected by both treatments so that, the highest amount was obtained at the green pod at rate of 21.4% and zinc sulfate had the greatest effect on grain oil percentage at rate of 20.3%. Furthermore, interaction of spraying and harvesting time was significant on seed Fe and Zn contents and results showed that the highest amount of seed Fe (121.6 mg/kg) was achieved by iron sulfate and that of seed Zn (91.1 mg/kg) by zinc sulfate, both at the physiological maturity. Seed germination was also affected by interaction of spraying and harvesting time and the highest rate (96.6%) was observed at dry mature pod by applying zinc sulfate. In general, Zn consumption increased germination percentage, grain rate, seed oil percentage and grain yield, and iron consumption improved grain protein. The physiological maturity and dry mature pod harvestings improved the values of measured traits except the seed oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Studying the biochemical characteristics of lavender under the influence of the application of metal nanoparticles
farnam firoozbakht jahromi Behnam Behrooznam Abdolhossein Aboutalebi Jharomi Abdolkarim Ejraee Abdolhossein Mahammadi JahromiThis study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of some metal nanoparticles on some biochemical properties of lavender callus. ase in the amount of proline, soluble sugars, flavonoid and phenol. The highest amount of soluble sugars, flavonoids and phenols we MoreThis study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of some metal nanoparticles on some biochemical properties of lavender callus. ase in the amount of proline, soluble sugars, flavonoid and phenol. The highest amount of soluble sugars, flavonoids and phenols were obtained at the values of 8.46, 3.8, 3.02 and 79.35, respectively, in the treatment of simultaneous application of three nanoparticles. Based on the results, it was found that the content of soluble protein and the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes were positively affected by the application of metal nanoparticles, and the simultaneous application of iron and silver nanoparticles led to the highest amount of soluble protein at 0.2 units per gram. This was while the highest level of catalase (0.43 units/g/min) and peroxidase (0.4 units/g/min) enzymes were observed in the simultaneous application of all three nanoparticles and the simultaneous application of silver and zinc nanoparticles, respectively. Based on the results of this study, it was determined that the simultaneous application of metal nanoparticles with increasing the amount of non-enzymatic antioxidants and also increasing the activity of enzymatic antioxidants led to an increase in the health of cells and a decrease in the production of malondialdehyde, and by reducing the negative effects of oxidative stress in the plant, the conditions for An increase in the production of photosynthetic pigments is provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Effect of biological fertilizer and microelements on qualitative traits and yield of chickpea as affected by drought stress condition
nima behdarvandi shykhi arash roozbehaniIn order to study the effect of biological fertilizer and microelements on chlorophyll content, protein percentage and grain yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by drought stress condition an experiment carried out in factorial based on complete block des MoreIn order to study the effect of biological fertilizer and microelements on chlorophyll content, protein percentage and grain yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as affected by drought stress condition an experiment carried out in factorial based on complete block design with three replications in 2014 at Agricultural Research Station of Roudehen of Islamic Azad University in Damavand. Treatments were three levels of drought stress: normal irrigation (control), stress at flowering stage and stress in early stages of grain filling and the second factor was four levels of biological fertilizer and microelements including control, biological fertilizer (Rhizobium), microelements, Rhizobium + microelements. Results showed that drought stress had significant impact on chlorophyll content, protein percentage and grain yield. Control treatment (normal irrigation) produced the highest chlorophyll content, protein percentage and grain yield. Impact of biological fertilizer and microelements on all traits were non-significant except protein percentage and grain yield. The interaction effect of drought stress and biological fertilizer and microelements for protein percentage and grain yield was significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Investigation effect of cultivar, planting date and humic acid on protein content, oil seed and chlorophyll content in (Ricinus communis L.)
R. Moradi H. Afshari J. Masoud Sinaki M. Zadeh BagheriIn order to investigate the effect of different planting dates and application of different sprayed humic acid compounds on physiological and chemical characteristics in different cultivars of grasses Castor (Ricinus communis L.), an experiment was conducted at the rese MoreIn order to investigate the effect of different planting dates and application of different sprayed humic acid compounds on physiological and chemical characteristics in different cultivars of grasses Castor (Ricinus communis L.), an experiment was conducted at the research farm of Agricultural Research Station located in Shiraz Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Fars, Iran (located at 29°37′N52°32′E and 1486 m altitude elevated from sea level) during spring 2013. The experiment design was laid out entirely in a split–factorial arranged in a randomized completed block design (RCBD) with three replications. In the present study, two different varieties of Ricinus communis L. named Impala and Local Dameghan cultivars were considered as the main factor, two levels of sprayed humic acid (1500 and 3000kg/ha-1) as the second factor and planting date as the third factor. During these treatments at harvest time stage, the quantitative and qualitative properties, including (seed yield, oil seed, protein content, total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content) were measured and compared with control. Result showed that total chlorophyll content and oil seed percent at 17 June planting date was significant at P <0.01. The results indicated that the highest seed oil (50.08%), chlorophyll a (5.17 mg/g), chlorophyll b(5.35 mg/g) and carotenoid content (59.17mg/g) were related to the application of 3000kg/ha-1 humic acid treatment. In addition, the results showed that the highest protein content (22.3%) was related to Local Dameghan cultivar. On the other hand, the highest seed oil (47.4%) and chlorophyll a (5.1mg/g) and chlorophyll b (5.2 mg/g) were recorded for improvement cultivar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - Evaluation of Application of the Asparagine and Glutamine Amino Acids on Improving the Biochemical Properties and Yield under Drought Sterss Conditions on Pistachio cv. Shahpsand
Mohammad ali Khajezade Bahareh Kashefi Hossein Afshari (new) Zarrin Taj Alipour -
Open Access Article
356 - An Investigation of Cold Tolerance on Chemical Properties (Proline, Protein, and Sugar) of the Flower Buds in Four Commercial Cultivars of Damghan Local Pistachio
F. Nobari H. Afshari S. M. Miri H. Hokmabadi -
Open Access Article
357 - Determination of the Best Drying Temperature of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana) after Six Months of Storage
Milad Mousadoost Alireza Eslami Zahra Yousefi -
Open Access Article
358 - Effect of Physical State of Fatty Acids on the Physical Properties of PGP-Based Emulsified Edible Film
Younes Zahedi Naser Sedaghat Babak Ghanbarzadeh -
Open Access Article
359 - Evaluation of Protein, Fat and Fatty Acids Content of the Pistachio (pistacia vera l.) Cultivars of Damghan, Iran
A Abdoshahi S.A Mortazavi A.A Shabani A.H Elhamirad M Taheri -
Open Access Article
360 - Study of the Diversity in Different Cultivars of Pistacia vera L. Resistant to Drought and Salinity: Comparing Protein Patterns Using SDS-PAGE Method
R. Atatashafrooz S. M. R. Khoshru A. Tajabadipour -
Open Access Article
361 - Physiological Evaluation of Pistachio Frost Damage Resistant Rootstocks
R Salary Sorkhan S Enteshari H Hokmabadi A Tajabadipour -
Open Access Article
362 - A Change in Leaves Protein Pattern of Some Pistachio Cultivars under Salinity Condition
N Sohrabi A Tajabadipour N Motamed M Seyedi -
Open Access Article
363 - study of different percentage of alcalase enzyme on the fish protein hydrolysate properties from silver carp viscera
tayebeh dahaz mehdi zarei hoda jasemian fardThe aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the protein hydrolyzate from silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) viscera using different percentages of Alcalase. For this purpose, hydrolyzed proteins were produced using different percentages of Alc MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the protein hydrolyzate from silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) viscera using different percentages of Alcalase. For this purpose, hydrolyzed proteins were produced using different percentages of Alcalase and the samples were analyzed for the amount of total protein, moisture, fat, ash, soluble protein, hydrolisis degree, nitrogen recovery, amounts of minerals and color parameters (brightness, redness and yellowness). According to the results, increased the amounts of percentage of enzyme to substrate led to increase the amounts of moisture, fat, nitrogen recovery and red index and decrease the amounts of ash, brightness and yellowness index. In general, by increasing the percentage of Alcalase to the substrate, to a specified amount, that in this study was 1.5 percent, the degree of hydrolysis increased, but then, a further increase in the amount of the enzyme led to reduce the degree of hydrolysis and had negative effects on the other experiments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - The Effect of Auxin and Oat in Combination with Casing Soil on Growth and Biochemical Components of Agaricus blazei
FATEMEH KAVIANI MEHRDAD JAFARPOUR -
Open Access Article
365 - Plant Growth Regulators Improve Yield and Yield Components of Wheat under Deficit Irrigation Treatments With Considering the Productive Capacity
MOHAMMAD HASHEM AZIZI ALI SOLEYMANI Ali Soleymani HAMID REZA JAVANMARD -
Open Access Article
366 - The Types of Plant Growth Regulators on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Water Stress Condition
MOHAMMAD REZA ASKARNEJAD ALI SOLEYMANI HAMID REZA JAVANMARD -
Open Access Article
367 - Assessment the effect of planting dates on protein percentage and yield components of sorghum cultivars in Isfahan province
A. R. Golparvar A. Armin M. GolabadiAppropriate management of planting dates for each cultivar is necessary for enhancing site productivity in forage sorghum plantation. To investigate the effects of planting dates on yield components and protein percentage of sorghum cultivars, an experiment was conducte MoreAppropriate management of planting dates for each cultivar is necessary for enhancing site productivity in forage sorghum plantation. To investigate the effects of planting dates on yield components and protein percentage of sorghum cultivars, an experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Isfahan University of Technology, Lavark in 2013. A split plot design in the layout randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The main plots were concluded 15th June and 30th June, and subplots were 4 cultivars, namely, Sarasai, Speedfeed, Pegah and Sofera. Planting date had significant effect on plant height, LAI, total fresh yield and stem dry yield. The effects of cultivar significant on plant height, LAI, stem fresh yield, leaf fresh yield, total fresh yield, stem dry yield and total dry yield. Protein percentage was not influenced by both planting date and cultivar, and there was no trend in this treatment. Stem fresh yield, leaf fresh yield, total fresh yield, stem dry yield, leaf dry yield and total dry yield was significantly influenced by planting date and cultivar. On the basis of the results, it seems that cultivation of Speedfeed because of its high fresh and dry forage production in 30th June is suitable. The forage and protein percentage of three other cultivars are the same and there were no differences between them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Isolation of β-1 and 3-Gloconase from Medicago truncatula, exspress them in E.coli BL21 and investigation of their fungicide
N. Nabavi B. Najmi M. RasooliPathogenesis related proteins are compounds that produced by response to pathogens or environmental stress. Up to now numerous kind of β-1 and 3-Glucanase are identified in various plants and thein fungicide effect were tested. The aim of this research was isolatio MorePathogenesis related proteins are compounds that produced by response to pathogens or environmental stress. Up to now numerous kind of β-1 and 3-Glucanase are identified in various plants and thein fungicide effect were tested. The aim of this research was isolation, over-expression and analysis of physiological activities of β-1 and 3-Glucanase (PR-2) from Medicago truncatula. In this case by Medicago sativa and Pisum sativum β-1 and 3-Glucanase gene alignment on Medicago truncatula genome three open reading frame with %50 similarity by having start and stop codon were identified and isolated that fragments were cloned in PET21c vector and expressed in E.coli BL21. SDS PAGE technique reveal that proteins were produce as an inclusion bodies. We also test their fungicide effect after folding them to achieve their natural structure on Alternaria alternaria and Fusarium graminearum. The result were significant ( P< 0.05) by SAS system analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Evaluation of Effects of nitrogen and phosphorous biological fertilizers on qualities characteristics of sunflower
A. Farnia M. moayediTo investigate the biological effects of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers on crop yield, protein and oil Sunflower Nuts (Use landrace) Cultivated land in the city Sonqor falcon factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with three replications were MoreTo investigate the biological effects of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers on crop yield, protein and oil Sunflower Nuts (Use landrace) Cultivated land in the city Sonqor falcon factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with three replications were evaluated. Treatments, four levels of fertilizer Biological nitrogen include: Nitro Ksyn, Super Nitro Plus, Nitro Kara, and control of biological phosphorus fertilizer levels include: Phosphate2 fertilized, bio zar, Super Plus and control. The results showed that the highest protein content of sunflower Efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer, biological Nitro Kara (%19/95) and phosphor bio zar (%19/76) Obtained. The highest yield of sunflower protein in biological nitrogen fertilizer Nitro Kara (To the 134/74 grams per square meter) and phosphor bio zar (To the 130/13 grams per square meter) And the combined effect biological fertilizers bio zar* Witness (To the 135/53 grams per square meter) Obtained. Most of sunflower oil on biological nitrogen fertilizer Super Nitro Plus (%29/03) and phosphor bio zar (%29/40) The highest percentage of sunflower oil and fertilizer combination Nitro Kara * Phosphate2 (%31/17) ) Obtained. Sunflower oil yield of biological nitrogen fertilizer Nitro Kara (To the 195/93 grams per square meter) and phosphor bio zar (To the 193/18 grams per square meter) And the combined effect biological fertilizers Nitro Kara * Phosphate2 fertilized (To the 213/45 grams per square meter) Obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Investigation of yield, yield components, and seed protein content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) germplasms
sina Siahkohian mohamad Galavi mahmod Ramroudi ahmad Nezami, Associ mostafa Heydari In order to study the yield, yield component and seed protein content of chickpea genotypes in fall sowing, an experiment was conducted in 2006-2007 at research farm of Agricultural Institution of Zabol university .The experimental design More In order to study the yield, yield component and seed protein content of chickpea genotypes in fall sowing, an experiment was conducted in 2006-2007 at research farm of Agricultural Institution of Zabol university .The experimental design was CRB with 4 replications. Nine genotypes including MCC49, MCC83, MCC297, MCC291, MCC349, MCC373, MCC386, MCC436, MCC509, and a local sample were investigated. Results showed that the genotypes have significant variations at all traits. With regard to main stem number per plant, MCC436 had the maximum and MCC386 had minimum amount by 2.83 and 1.25 respectively. The maximum and minimum number of secondary branch per plant, were observed in MCC436 and MCC509 respectively. The local sample appeared most late maturing period, maximum 100 grain weight (32 gr) and had the third rank by yielding 1068 kg/ha . The MCC373 was the earliest maturing genotype. The maximum pod number per plant and seed yield (1126 kg/ha) obtained by MCC436 genotype. Protein content was statistically differ among the genotypes, it varies from 16.3-23.4 and belongs to MCC207 and MCC509 respectively. The results showed that MCC436 had the high fitness, in comparison with others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Effects of inter-cropping of maize with beans, the dry matter production and quality of forage
M. Dargahi A. Souhani Darban Intercropping on the basis of potential environmental in areas where inputs such as land and water constraints faced by planting two or more crops are used repeatedly and in combination. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of maize More Intercropping on the basis of potential environmental in areas where inputs such as land and water constraints faced by planting two or more crops are used repeatedly and in combination. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of maize the KSC 704 with two kinds of beans the Sunrise (Phaseolusvulgaris) and Cowpea Mashhad cultivars (Vigna unguiculata) The amount of dry matter forage production and quality testing in a randomized complete block design with split plot with five treatments and three replications during 2009-2010 in the field of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. Intercropping in terms of the percentage ratios are 00: 100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100: 00, respectively. The study characteristics included , forage fresh and dry weight, leaf area produced by plants, land equivalent ratio (LER), protein and fiber yield of forage. The results showed that land equivalent ratio (LER), in all intercropping treatments that represent more than a single ship intercropping advantage. Dry matter yield in intercropping system more than monoculture corn. Legumes in intercropping reduced leaf area But leaf area increased corn planting ratio of 75:25. Intercropping with cowpea compared with common beans effect on increased forage protein content than the monoculture system. Crude fiber content, in intercropping to monoculture corn, which increases the palatability of forage was reduced. The results showed that intercropping with cowpea good way to feed a high quality and quantity. Considering the forage yield and forage quality best planting ratio was as 75:25. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) was obtained in this treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Effect of cycocel and Zinc Foliar Application on protein content and important elements and water use efficiency on Corn under water defcit condition
ehsan Abbaspour Jafar Masoud Sinaki Zarin taj Alipour Sakine Saeedi Sar To study the effect of water stress and the application of growth regulator (cycocel ) and Zinc spray on the protein rate, the major elements and some physical characteristics in corn (hybrid Ns540) .A split-split plot experime More To study the effect of water stress and the application of growth regulator (cycocel ) and Zinc spray on the protein rate, the major elements and some physical characteristics in corn (hybrid Ns540) .A split-split plot experimental with three replications in a randomized complete block design in Semnan Agricultural Research Station in 2010 in was run. The main factor included three levels of irrigation (irrigation complete, disconnect the water at 71 BBCH and 61 BBCH) in main plots and taking cycocel three levels (without taking cycocel consumption cycocel 1500, and 3000 parts per million) in the subplots and spraying zinc sulfate in three levels (no foliar applications, foliar applications of zinc sulfate at 3 and 5kg per thousands) as the subplots - are considered minor. Analysis of variance showed that the impact of cut irrigation on protein content, major elements such as phosphorus, potash, zinc, copper and iron, and water use efficiency is significantly. With the increased tension of the grain protein content and concentration of phosphorus, potash, zinc, iron and copper were reduced and increased water use efficiency. That results showed, taking cycocel, potash and phosphor decreased and other indicators increased. Zinc spraying the exception of the iron (Fe) increase in other indicators. the Correlation between Important elements and components of protein content and water use efficiency showed that Positive and significant correlation between water use efficiency and a high copper content of 0.474 percent is established And grain protein correlated with leaf phosphorus content of 0.522 percent. The findings can be to corn-growing of Semnan and similar region drought conditions that prohibit the use of certain materials and components that manufacturers offer to achieve good economic performance and quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - The examination of quantity and segregation of N fertilizer on amylase and protein percents of rice seed
S. Mashayekhi A. Fallah H. Madani N. SajediThe amylase and protein percents may be influenced by elemental nitrogen and its segregation in paddy fields. With this regard, a field experiment was done to examining the quantity and segregation of nitrogen fertilizer effects on some seed quality traits of local Taro MoreThe amylase and protein percents may be influenced by elemental nitrogen and its segregation in paddy fields. With this regard, a field experiment was done to examining the quantity and segregation of nitrogen fertilizer effects on some seed quality traits of local Tarom variety. Experiment was done as factorial design based on RCBD with three replications during 2007-2008 in country’s rice research institute in Amol. Treatments were selected three levels of nitrogen (23, 46 and 69 kg/ha) as first factor and three nitrogen segregation which applied in different growth stage as second factor. The results showed that the rice seed's amylase content decreased with the increase of N using segregation procedure. The highest protein percent was obtained with the use of 69 kg/ha N and with the implementation of two segregation stages, the protein percent increased more than other treatments, and the best treatment combination was two segregations of nitrogen application. When the rate of nitrogen was increased, the yield of seed was increased too. Whatever has increased the number of segregation of nitrogen, the rate of yield also has increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - The interaction study of hormonal priming and osmopriming on germination and biochemical indices of sainfoin
M. ousefi Rad M. Sharif Moghadasi A. Masomi Zavarian M. Asghari M. Nejati In order to interaction study hormonal priming and osmopriming on germination and biochemical indices sainfoin, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized completely design with three replication. The first factor was thr More In order to interaction study hormonal priming and osmopriming on germination and biochemical indices sainfoin, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized completely design with three replication. The first factor was three levels of non-consumption (control), 100 and 200 mg per liter consuming gibberellins and the second factor was non-consumption (control), consuming 5 and 10% polyethylene glycol. Based on the research results, pre-treatment of seeds with GA increased the percentage and rate of germination, root and shoot length, seedling dry weight, seed vigor, Amylase and peroxidase activity and the protein content. Average comparison results showed that amount of 100 mg per liter GA had the greatest influence. The results also showed that seed pre-treatment with polyethylene glycol (5%) had the best effect on measured traits and level 10% reduction root and shoot length and the protein content. In general, present research showed pre-treatment of sainfoin seeds with 100 mg per liter GA and 5% polyethylene glycol had greatest effect on germination and biochemical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Effects of intercropping of maize with beans, the dry matter production and quality of forage
M. Dargahi A. Souhani DarbanIntercropping on the basis of potential environmental in areas where inputs such as land and water constraints faced by planting two or more crops are used repeatedly and in combination. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of maize the KSC 704 with two kind MoreIntercropping on the basis of potential environmental in areas where inputs such as land and water constraints faced by planting two or more crops are used repeatedly and in combination. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping of maize the KSC 704 with two kinds of beans the Sunrise (Phaseolusvulgaris) and Cowpea Mashhad cultivars (Vigna unguiculata) The amount of dry matter forage production and quality testing in a randomized complete block design with split plot with five treatments and three replications during 2009-2010 in the field of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. Intercropping in terms of the percentage ratios are 00: 100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100: 00, respectively. The study characteristics included , forage fresh and dry weight, leaf area produced by plants, land equivalent ratio (LER), protein and fiber yield of forage. The results showed that land equivalent ratio (LER), in all intercropping treatments that represent more than a single ship intercropping advantage. Dry matter yield in intercropping system more than monoculture corn. Legumes in intercropping reduced leaf area But leaf area increased corn planting ratio of 75:25. Intercropping with cowpea compared with common beans effect on increased forage protein content than the monoculture system. Crude fiber content, in intercropping to monoculture corn, which increases the palatability of forage was reduced. The results showed that intercropping with cowpea good way to feed a high quality and quantity. Considering the forage yield and forage quality best planting ratio was as 75:25. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) was obtained in this treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Study on quantity and quality changes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Hamedani) under application of different rates of seaweed and humic acid
Amin Farnia Omid EhyaeiThis study was laid out in order to investigate the effect of foliar application of humic acid and seaweed on yield and quality of alfalfa (cv. Hamedani) forage in Hamadan region at 2016.This experiment was conducted as a factorial arrengment based on randomized complet MoreThis study was laid out in order to investigate the effect of foliar application of humic acid and seaweed on yield and quality of alfalfa (cv. Hamedani) forage in Hamadan region at 2016.This experiment was conducted as a factorial arrengment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were humic acid in concentrations of (0, 1, 2.5 and 5 L.ha-1) and seaweed extract in four levels (0, 250, 500 and 1000 g.ha-1).The results showed that the effects of seaweed and humic acid were significant on plant hight, number of leaf per plant, number of stem per surface unit, wet and dry foriage yield and percentage of crud protein and soluablesugars.Also the interaction effect of humic acid and seaweed was significant on plant hight, number of leaf per plant and soluable sugar percent only.The data comparison means shows that with increasing of seaweed and humic acid concentration the plant height was increased.The highest number of stem per surface unit was obtained in 1 kg.ha-1 seaweed treatment. Foliar application of 5 kg.ha-1humic acid increased number of stem per surface unit as 17 percent compared to control treatment.Dry and wet foriage yield increased significantly by foliar application of humic acid and seaweed.Maximum wet foriage yield (30 ton.ha-1) was obtained in 1000 g.ha-1 seaweed that increasd as 16% compared to control. Maximum and minimum wet foriage yield (29.79 and 23.99 t.ha-1) was related to application of 2.5 kg.ha-1humic acid and control treatments respectively.The maximum crud protein (12.23%) was obtained in 1000 g.ha-1 seaweed and 5 L.ha-1humic acid treatments. Also foliar application of humic acid and seaweed increased soluable sugars compared to control treatment. In final, the present resulta shows that foliar application of humic acid and seaweed increased quantity yield and quality of alfalfa in Hamedan region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Effects of drought stress and Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria strains on quantities and qualities characteristics in Soybean (Clark cv.)
Amin Farnia Hamid Madani In order to evaluate grain yield, protein and oil percent in Soybean (Clark cv.) under the condition of drought stress and also efficiency of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains, the research was performed an experiment during 2003-2004 within spli More In order to evaluate grain yield, protein and oil percent in Soybean (Clark cv.) under the condition of drought stress and also efficiency of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains, the research was performed an experiment during 2003-2004 within split plot design based on RCBD with three replications in the Agriculture Research Institute of Borujerd. The treatment of irrigation was selected as the main plot with three levels of drought stress, namely low stress (85% plant water requirement), medium stress (70% plant water requirement), high stress (55% plant water requirement) and also the plot as complete irrigation as control. The subplot was Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains made use of three stains including, Helinitro, Rizoking, Nitragin and also a level without use of bacteria strain (control). The amount of irrigation water calculated with the help of plant water requirement and the atmometer. In time of planting were inoculated seeds with bacteria strains. And then biological yield, grain yield, grain harvest index and grain hundred weight determined. The results indicated which grain yield was different under two conditions, stress and control irrigations ones. In the optimal irrigation of maximum of grain yield and biological yield produced by Nitragin bacteria strain. In the stress conditions, the efficiency of bacteria strains were different as under low and medium stresses, grain and biological yield obtained by Rizoking bacteria strain; so this strain had a adaptation with drought stress, but in high stress no different within all of the bacteria strains were observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - The Effect of Drought Stress on Grain Yield and Oil Rate and Protein Percentage of Four Varieties Castor in Climatic Conditions of Damghan
Gh. Laei -
Open Access Article
379 - Sensitive Detection of Melamine in Infant Milk and Coffee Mate by a Buffer Mediated Extraction and HPLC-PDA Analytical Method
Maryam Rezai Behrouz Akbari-adergani Maryam Shekarchi -
Open Access Article
380 - Semiprotective Effects of Hempseed Oil on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats: An Ultra-short Toxicological Intervention
Mona Hashemzadeh Aliasghar Moghaddam Isaac Karimi Zahra Minoosh Siavosh Haghighi Shahin Hassanpour -
Open Access Article
381 - Comparison of Six Weeks of Weight Training with a Combination of Beta‑hydroxy‑Beta‑methylbutyrate and Creatinine and Two Weeks of Non-training on the Concentrations of some Blood Biochemical Factors in Male Powerlifting Athletes
Mojtaba Darvishkhadem Tahereh Bagherpour Nematollah Nemati -
Open Access Article
382 - Effect of Exercise Type and Adenosine on the Concentration of Lipoprotein Lipase, Triglyceride and Very Low Lipoprotein in High Fat Diets Fed Rats
Narjes Zarei Nematollah Nemati Tahereh Bagherpour -
Open Access Article
383 - Response of Young Phoenix dactylifera L. Date Palm Trees to Irrigation with Magnetized Water
Sheimmaa j. Hadi -
Open Access Article
384 - A Survey of Nutritional Composition in Three Fillet Areas (Head, Middle and Tail) of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
سکینه یگانه زیبنده محرابی فاطمه قوامیThe objective of the currentresearch was to investigate the distribution of lipid, protein and moisturethroughout the fillets of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Differences in lipid, protein and moisture content were found amongst different portions of the f MoreThe objective of the currentresearch was to investigate the distribution of lipid, protein and moisturethroughout the fillets of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Differences in lipid, protein and moisture content were found amongst different portions of the fillet, being lowest lipid and highest moisture (9.86andplusmn;0.72), (77.42andplusmn;1.45) in the tail area and contrast highest lipid and lowest moisture in the middle area (11.28andplusmn;0.79), (75.35andplusmn;1.90) respectively (pandlt;0.05). Also recorded the highest amount of protein (42.92andplusmn;1.52) in the tail area and lowest protein (41.23andplusmn;1.89) in the middle area (pandgt;0.05). Significant positive regression was obtained between moisture and lipid content of each area, so it seems to calculate lipid content of each area by moisture content Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - Assessing the levels of CREB after siRNA mediated knockdown in K562 cells
زهرا دیلمی خیابانی مهدی بنان علی محمد اصغریان جلال قره سوران غلامرضا جوادی کیمیا کهریزی حسین نجم آبادیBackground: CREB is an important downstream protein for many signaling pathways. By having efficient siRNAs against CREB, it may be possible to assess the role of molecules involved in signaling pathways in different cell types. In this research the efficiency of CREB k MoreBackground: CREB is an important downstream protein for many signaling pathways. By having efficient siRNAs against CREB, it may be possible to assess the role of molecules involved in signaling pathways in different cell types. In this research the efficiency of CREB knockdown by 2 different siRNAs in HeLa cells has been studied. Materials and methods: HeLa cells were transfected by siRNAs using Lipofectamine 2000. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis have been done. The efficiency of CREB knockdown has been assessed by quantitative relative real time PCR. According to our results only one of the siRNAs has a high level of inhibitory effect on CREB gene expression in HeLa cells. The expression of CREB by this siRNA was knocked-down by 64.4% in HeLa cells. Conclusion: By using efficient siRNA specifically for knocking down of CREB gene, we can apply this efficient siRNA in different cell types due to study of signaling pathway which CREB may be involved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - The Effect of the Iron Magnetic Nanoparticles on the Expression of P53 Protein in Brain Tissue of the Balb/C Mice by Immunohistochemically Method
L. Farhadi V. Hojati A. ShiraviDue to physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles as drug carriers are widely used in the treatment of cancerous cells in living environments. The nanoparticles can be used for targeted drug delivery and effective to the site of infection. Iron magnetic nanoparticles MoreDue to physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles as drug carriers are widely used in the treatment of cancerous cells in living environments. The nanoparticles can be used for targeted drug delivery and effective to the site of infection. Iron magnetic nanoparticles have biologically active properties and can enter into the reticuloendothelial system by phagocytosis or endocytosis, or can be trapped by phagocytic cells such as monocytes, macrophages and oligodendrocytes. The nanoparticles can hurt cells by increasing oxidative stress. P53 is a tumor suppressor protein and it is disabled or impaired function in most human cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the expression of P53 protein in the brain tissue of mice Balb/C. For this purpose, 15 male mice were divided into three groups (five in each group). The treatment groups 1 and 2 during 8 days, received doses of 100 and 300 ppm magnetic nanoparticles of iron daily by intraperitoneal injection. At the end of eight days, the animals dissected and their brains were removed and were undergone immunostaining with Avedin. The results showed that iron oxide nanoparticles penetrate into brain tissue and causing inflammatory response and cause increasing in P53 protein. It seems that high concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles have a significant effect on the expression of P53 protein. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - The Effect of High-intensity Interval Training and High-Protein Diet on the Total Oxidant Status and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Cardiac Tissue of Obese Male Rats
Azin Ghane Hossein Abednatanzi Marziyeh Saghebjoo Mehdi HedayatiObesity causes oxidative stress and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Exercises and diet modification can affect oxidant and antioxidant factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and high-protein MoreObesity causes oxidative stress and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Exercises and diet modification can affect oxidant and antioxidant factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and high-protein diet (HPD) on total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the ratio of TAC to TOS in the heart tissue of obese male rats. Forty 12-week-old obese male rats (Lee index above 310) were divided into five groups of eight including HIIT (5-12 intervals of 30 seconds with an intensity of 90% VO2max, 5 sessions per week, 10 weeks), HPD (about 57.5% of total calories from protein), HIIT+HPD, obese control-1 (OC-1) and obese control-2 (OC-2) and eight non-obese mice were also divided into the non-obese control (NC) group. became After 48 hours from the last intervention session, heart tissue was removed to measure TAC and TOS levels. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, post hoc Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the TAC level of heart tissue in the HIIT, HPD, HIIT+HPD groups was significantly higher than in the OC-1 group. On the other hand, the TOS level of heart tissue was significantly lower in the HIIT and HIIT+HPD groups than in the HPD and OC-2 groups. Also, the ratio of TAC to TOS was significantly higher in the HIIT and HIIT+HPD groups compared to the OC-2 group. According to the results, a combination of HIIT and HPD improves TAC and TOS of heart tissue. It seems that HIIT together with HPD strengthens the antioxidant system and reduces oxidative stress in obesity conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - The Effect of Endometrial Stem Cells with Pomalidomide on Serum Glutathione and Lipids in 6-OHDA Induced Rat Model of Parkinson
Elham Ghasemi deligani Maryam Khosravi Mahmoud Salami Zavareh Ramin Haji KhaniParkinson’s disease is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease with no identified effective treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of human endometrial stem cells with the anti-inflammatory drug pomalidomide on glutathion MoreParkinson’s disease is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease with no identified effective treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of human endometrial stem cells with the anti-inflammatory drug pomalidomide on glutathione (GSH) and serum lipids (total cholesterol,TC and low density lipoprotein, LDL)) in the Parkinson’s model in male Wistar rats. Male rats were randomly assigned to five groups (8 animals in each group) including: control, Parkinson’s, and 3 experimental Parkinson’s groups receiving stem cells, pomalidomide, and a combination of stem cells and pomalidomide. Parkinson’s was induced by injection of 6-hydroxy dopamine (concentration 6 μg) in the striatum by stereotaxic method. In the fourth week after surgery, the three experimental groups were treated with 4 mg/kg/daily of pomalidomide, 100,000 stem cells through intranasal route, and a combination of pomalidomide at a dose of 4 mg/kg/daily and 100,000 stem cells. At the end of day 28, blood samples were taken from the groups and factors were measured. The results revealed a significant increase in glutathione among the treated groups compared to the Parkinson’s group. There was also a significant decrease in glutathione in Parkinson’s group compared to the control group. Comparison between Parkinson’s group and the group treated with pomalidomide and endometrial stem cells showed a significant reduction in cholesterol. Moreover, LDL levels showed a significant decrease in LDL levels in the treated groups compared to the Parkinson’s group. Considering the improvement of the measured factors in Parkinson’s rat, allogeneic stem cells can be used as a potential source along with pomalidomide in future research for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Effect of Different Salinity Levels of Drinking Water on Rumen Degradation Kinetics of Barley Grain in Iranian Native Sheep
Mir ali Pishdadi motlagh Ramin SalamatDoust-Nobar Naser Maheri-Sis Amir-Reza Safaei Abolfazl Aghajanzadeh-GolshaniThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of different salinity levels of drinking water on the ruminal degradability of barley grain using the nylon bags technique in Iranian Shal sheep. Ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of barley MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of different salinity levels of drinking water on the ruminal degradability of barley grain using the nylon bags technique in Iranian Shal sheep. Ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of barley grain were determined by nylon bags method using eight rumen cannulated rams that received different levels of saline water including control group (480), 4000, 8000, and 12000 mg/l total dissolved solids (TDS). There was a significant difference between experimental treatments in terms of the degradability of DM and CP in all incubation times except the initial time. In the final incubation time, the ruminal degradability of the DM and CP of barley grain were higher in saline water received treatments than the control group. There was a significant difference between the effective degradability (ED) of DM and CP in the experimental treatments. So, the effective degradability of DM and CP of barley grain often increased with increasing salinity. The quickly degradable protein (QDP) fraction was not affected by experimental treatments but the slowly degradable (SDP) protein fraction increased significantly at the maintenance level of nutrition (2%/h); the highest level of SDP was obtained in treatment containing 8000 mg/l TDS. From the viewpoint of metabolizable protein (MP), there was a significant difference between experimental treatments at the maintenance level of nutrition. The lowest MP was observed in treatment containing 8000 mg/l TDS. In overall conclusion, saline water consumption in the experimental animals seems to affect the ruminal degradability of barley grain and leads to an increase in the effective degradability of DM and CP and a decrease in the amount of MP at the maintenance level.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - Utilizing the Transposon Vector to Enhance the Expression of Recombinant Erythropoietin in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells
Reyhane Lohrasbi Seyede Hoda Jazayeri Abbas Daneshipour Zahra Halfinezhad Robabe Mohammadi Parisa Javidzade Amir Amiri-YektaIn pharmaceutical biotechnology and recombinant protein production, due to the low efficacy of inserting the target gene into the host gene genome and its integration into the heterochromatin regions, which leads to the suppression of transcription as well as the instab MoreIn pharmaceutical biotechnology and recombinant protein production, due to the low efficacy of inserting the target gene into the host gene genome and its integration into the heterochromatin regions, which leads to the suppression of transcription as well as the instability of the expression of the desired sequence, achieving cells with highexpression is a challenge. To overcome the limitations transposons, which are mobile genetic elements and have the ability to cut and insert target fragments in certain regions of the genome with the “Cut and Paste” mechanism, are effective. This research aims to evaluate the effect of the PiggyBac transposon vector on the expression level of recombinant Erythropoietin (rEPO) protein and to find a cell line with high expression. First the optimized rEPO sequence based on CHO codon performance was cloned into the pOptiVECTM plasmid. To create the second expression vector, the EPO-IRES-DHFR fragment was inserted into the PB513B-1 plasmid, and then the homogenization steps in both vectors were confirmed using Colony PCR reaction, enzyme digestion, and Sanger sequencing. In order to create a stable cell line, both vectors were separately transfected into CHO DG44 cells and then screened. After confirming the insertion of the vectors into the genome of the target cell, the level of erythropoietin gene expression at the transcript and protein level was checked using qRT-PCR and western blotting tests, respectively, in two cell lines. The Real-Time PCR data indicate a 188-fold increase in erythropoietin gene transcript in the PB513B-1-EPO cell line compared to pOptiVEC-EPO. Additionally, the western blotting test's result confirmed the correct synthesis and secretion of this protein. Analysis of findings in this research revealed that the transposon element significantly increased the expression of the desired gene at the transcriptional level and had could create a cell line with high expression of the target protein. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - Effects of Combined Extracts of Allium sativum and Citrus limon on Atherosclerosis Inflammatory Risk Factor (hs-CRP) in Male Wistar Rats under High-fat Diet
P. Baradaran Khalkhali S.A. Haeri Rouhani P. YaghmaeeCardiovascular disease, which includes atherosclerosis, is one of the major diseases in the world. High sensitive C-reactive protein is the most sensitive inflammatory marker that recently its serum level predicts risk of cardiovascular disease is suggested. Both garlic MoreCardiovascular disease, which includes atherosclerosis, is one of the major diseases in the world. High sensitive C-reactive protein is the most sensitive inflammatory marker that recently its serum level predicts risk of cardiovascular disease is suggested. Both garlic (Allium sativum) and lemon (citrus limon) are used in the traditional management of CVD without a scientific evidence of the benefit of their combination. This study designed to investigate the hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of combined extracts of A. sativum and C. limon in male Wistar rats after high-fat diet for eight weeks. For this purpose, 42 adult male rats of Wistar strain, with weights between 200 and 250 gr, were divided into six groups (n=7). Group control and Exp3 was fed on normal pellet diet while group control fat, Sham, Exp1 and Exp2 fed on high-fat diet for up to 8 wk. The combined extract was administered to rats in graded doses for 4 wk and blood serum was analyzed for C-reactive protein and total cholesterol.Results are expressed as means ± SE. Significance differences of biochemical measurements were analyzed by using repeated measure and ANOVA tests to identify differences in phases and among groups. When appropriate, a Tukey posthoc was applied. Statistical significance was accepted at PA. sativum and C. limon was recognizable. However, future long-term well-designed investigations would provide valuable information to establish public health recommendations on the combined extract, taking into account both the nature of the compounds and the optimal dose, for cardiovascular health protection Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - The Relation of Chemical Blend, Diet Fatty Acids and Filet of Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Growth Period
M. Salehi M. Ghaeni M. Javaheri BabeliIn this survey, the influence of protein diminution and increscent of diet lipid on chemical blend and fatty acids of filet (in three weights, 10-25 gr, 25-75 gr and 130-300 gr) in Oncorhynchus mykiss was studied. Accordingly, between the total length, and standard leng MoreIn this survey, the influence of protein diminution and increscent of diet lipid on chemical blend and fatty acids of filet (in three weights, 10-25 gr, 25-75 gr and 130-300 gr) in Oncorhynchus mykiss was studied. Accordingly, between the total length, and standard length and the weight of three filets, there was a great difference (P >0.05). The maximum amount of protein (18.6%) found in 150-250 gr filets and its lipid was 2.3%. The minimum amount of protein (17.05%) was measured in 15-25 gr filets with 46.2% lipid. The maximum amount of ash in 150-250 gr size was 1%, and its minimum amount was measured in 50-70 gr size as 0.53%. As for the saturated fatty acids (MUFA), the maximum amounts were measured in the filet of 150-250 gr fishes, and its minimum amount was found in the filet of 15-25 gr fishes (P>0.05). In fatty acids (PUFA), the maximum amounts of these acids were measured in filet of 150-250 gr fishes, and its minimum amount was in filet of 15-25 gr as (0.27%). This proportion (DHA/EPA) showed that the increase of size of fish is caused this proportion to be increased. The diminution of diet protein had no negative effect on the growth of fish, and as for the cost of protein, it can be decreased in diet and replaced with lipid. O. mykiss especially, 130-300 gr filets because of having valuable protein and fatty acids, in contrast to two another filets (15-25 gr and 50-70 gr) are very valuable in feeding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Passiflora caerulea Leaf on Some Biochemical Factors in Adult Male Rat
T. Sadeghi M. Shariati M. MokhtariPassiflora caerulea is one of medicinal plants that has contained high anti-oxidant combinations and are useful in curing epilepsy, diarrhea, burn, Hemorrhoid and in regulating liver enzymes. The objective of this study was evaluation of effect of passiflora caerulea le MorePassiflora caerulea is one of medicinal plants that has contained high anti-oxidant combinations and are useful in curing epilepsy, diarrhea, burn, Hemorrhoid and in regulating liver enzymes. The objective of this study was evaluation of effect of passiflora caerulea leaf hydroalcoholic extract on some biochemical factors in adult male rat. 40 male rats, about 195-200 g each were used in five groups. The control group did not receive any drug treatment, sham group found only distilled water, and experimental groups receiving 150,300,600, mg/kg leaves of passiflora caerulea Hydro-alcohol extract respectively during 21 days. After the end of this period, blood samples were taken from the heart to measure the biochemical factors (urea, creatinine, albumin, total protein). The results were analyzed using SPSS software and comparison of meanings was done using T. test. The results showed that the amount of albumin in the experimental group receiving 600 mg / kg of the extract decreased significantly compared to the control group. Total protein, cratinin and total body weight had no significant changes with control group. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of Passionate flower leaf caused reduction of blood urea nitrogen levels in all experimental groups receiving the extracts as compared to the control. According to the results of this study, it can be argued that the Passiflora caerulea plays a supporting role for the liver, and the lack of liver damage in the rats indicated this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of Endurance Training on Positive and Negative Gradients with Royal Jelly on Hippocampal Concentration of Carbonyl Protein and Pain Tolerance Threshold of Trimethylettin-treated Alzheimer’s Rats
Hamid Mousazadeh Nematollah Nemati Tahereh BagherpoorIncreased oxidative stress causes neuronal damage and incidence of chronic pains in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance exercises in positive (PST) and negative (NST) slope with ro MoreIncreased oxidative stress causes neuronal damage and incidence of chronic pains in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance exercises in positive (PST) and negative (NST) slope with royal jelly (RJ) on the hippocampal concentration of protein-carbonyl (PC) and pain tolerance threshold (PT) of Alzheimer’s rats with trimethyltin (TMT). In this experimental study, 49 Alzheimer’s rats with intraperitoneal injection of 8 mg/kg neurotoxin TMT were randomly divided into seven groups :(1) AD, (2) sham (normal saline) (Sh), (3) PST, (4) NST, (5) PST + RJ, (6) NST + RJ, and (7) RJ. To investigate the effect of Alzheimer’s disease on research variables, seven rats were included in the healthy control group (C). PST (with the speed of 16 m/min at positive slope (+15%)) and NST (with the speed of 16 m/min at negative slope (-15%)) interventions were carried out for eight weeks, five sessions per week and 60 minutes per session. RJ (dissolved in normal saline) was intraperitoneally consumed for eight weeks at 100 mg/kg /day. One-way ANOVA test along with Tukey post-hoc test were used in SPSS 22 software to investigate the intergroup difference (P ≤0.05). NST caused to decrease hippocampal level of PC (P = 0.001) and PT, as well as PST caused to decrease PT (P = 0.001). NST + RJ caused to decrease the hippocampal levels of PC (P = 0.001) and PT (P = 0.001) in rats with Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, PT significantly reduced in the PST + RJ group (P = 0.001). PC hippocampal levels in the NST + RJ group were lower than in the PST + RJ group (P = 0.001). It seems that NST alone and with RJ have analgesic (anti-pain) and oxidative stress reduce effects. Although the interaction of PST and RJ had analgesic effects, the need of more studies on oxidative stress reducing effects is felt following PST and RJ consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - The Effect of Recombinant Killer Factor (LF) and Protective Factor (mPA) Proteins on Human Cancer Cells
Mahboubeh Gholami Majid Moghbeli Farshid Kafilzadeh Mohammad Kargar Maryam Bikhof TorbatiCancer causes about 13% of human deaths and has not yet been properly treated. Conventional cancer treatment methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have many side effects and in some cases have no effect on cancer treatment, so creating appropriate and MoreCancer causes about 13% of human deaths and has not yet been properly treated. Conventional cancer treatment methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have many side effects and in some cases have no effect on cancer treatment, so creating appropriate and targeted therapies can revolutionize cancer treatment. New methods include gene therapy and using immunotoxins, which can act up to a high percentage. This study aimed to investigate the effect of modified PA protein that binds only to cancer cells along with lethal factor (LF) on cancer cells. In this regard, recombinant mPA and LF proteins were isolated from recombinant Bacillus subtilis and after examining the presence of protein bands and their concentrations using SDS-PAGE and Bradford methods, respectively, the combined effect of different concentrations of these proteins on lung cancer cells, Breast, prostate and pancreas were examined by MTT method. The results showed that 75 ng of recombinant LF protein and 50 ng of recombinant mPA protein had the greatest effect on cancer cell death and caused the death of more than 98% of the studied cancer cells. With these results, it is hoped that a new dimension can be added to cancer treatment by producing targeted toxins such as mPA and LF. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - The Interactive Effect of Running on Different Slopes with the Use of Royal Jelly on the Concentration of Some Antioxidants in an Animal Model of Trimethyltin-treated Alzheimer’s
Hamid Mousazadeh Nematollah Nemati Tahereh BagherpoorAlthough the role of exercise and royal jelly in the health of Alzheimer’s patients has been reported, the interaction effect of these two variables on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is still not well understood. Therefore, the present MoreAlthough the role of exercise and royal jelly in the health of Alzheimer’s patients has been reported, the interaction effect of these two variables on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is still not well understood. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the interactive effect of positive slope running (PSR) and negative slope running (NSR) with royal jelly on SOD and GPx concentrations in a trimethyltin (TMT) Alzheimer’s animal model. In this experimental trial, 49 rats in the age range of 8-10 weeks, weighing 190-220 g, Alzheimer’s with 8 mg/kg TMT were assigned into seven groups including group one: TMT, group two: sham, group three: Royal jelly, group four: positive slope, group five: negative slope, group six: royal jelly + positive slope and group seven: Royal jelly + negative slope. Moreover, to investigate the effect of Alzheimer’s induction on the research variables, seven healthy rats were included in the healthy control group following the positive slope and negative slope exercises for eight weeks, three sessions per week and each session ran for 60 minutes on a positive 15 and negative 15 slope on the treadmill. Besides, 100 mg/kg of royal jelly was peripherally injected into rats daily. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post hoc test and two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS 22 software were used to analyze the data (p ≤ 0.05). Negative slope increased SOD and GPx in hippocampal tissue of AD rats. PSR and royal jelly increased GPx. Positive slope and royal jelly and negative slope and royal jelly groups had a significant effect on increasing SOD and GPx. Positive and negative slopes and royal jelly seem to improve antioxidant defense; furthermore, the interaction of positive slope and royal jelly and the interaction of negative slope and royal jelly are more desirable than the effect of each alone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - Comparing the effect of aerobic exercise in clean and polluted air on the responses of interleukin-6 and Reactive Protein-C in the active people
Naser Rabbani Farzaneh Taghian -
Open Access Article
398 - Effects of 8-weeks cinnamon intake with and without high intensity interval training on blood lipids profile in overweight girls of aged-high school
Saber Rezanejad Mina Tarahhomi Akram khani Rozveh Mehdi KargarfardBackground: Obesity and overweight are among the most common complications among high school students, which can be associated with cardiovascular diseases. Modifying the lifestyle through sports activities and herbal medicines is one of the solutions to combat this pro MoreBackground: Obesity and overweight are among the most common complications among high school students, which can be associated with cardiovascular diseases. Modifying the lifestyle through sports activities and herbal medicines is one of the solutions to combat this problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an 8-week cinnamon consumption with and without high-intensity interval training on blood lipid profiles in high school-aged overweight girls.Methods: In this semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design, 36 overweight women aged 15-18 years were randomly assigned to one of the 3 groups: intense interval training (n=12), cinnamon supplementation (n=12) and intense interval training+cinnamon (n=12). The intense interval training program was conducted three times a week for 8 weeks in the two intervention groups. Each session, lasting 30-35 minutes, involved high-intensity exercises at 90-95% of peak oxygen consumption. Diet groups received cinnamon supplements at the rate of 6 grams/day for a period of 8 weeks. Body measurements (weight, body mass index) and serum levels of blood fats (cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein) were measured before and after the study. The data were analyzed using the dependent t-test and analysis of covariance at a level less than 0.05.Results: After 8 weeks of intervention, a significant decrease in body weight and body mass index and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol were observed in the intense interval training and intense interval training + cinnamon groups compared to the cinnamon alone group (p≤0.05). However, Bonferroni's follow-up test did not show significant differences in cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels between the groups (p≥0.05).Conclusion: High-intensity intermittent exercise with cinnamon consumption can reduce body composition and some blood lipids more effectively than cinnamon supplementation in overweight high school girls. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - The effect of foliar application manganese on quantitative and qualitative traits of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and the relationships between them
nafiseh mahdinezhad mahmod mohammadkhani Brat Ali FakheriThis research was carried out at research farm of agricultural and natural resource station of Zabol, in 2014-2015. Cropping cycle, under alpha lattice design with two replications under two normal conditions and foliar manganese. Foliar Manganese at a concentration of MoreThis research was carried out at research farm of agricultural and natural resource station of Zabol, in 2014-2015. Cropping cycle, under alpha lattice design with two replications under two normal conditions and foliar manganese. Foliar Manganese at a concentration of 1 kg/ha was carried out in three stages of planting, stemming and flowering on 148 spring barley cultivars. The results showed that in different growth stages, foliar manganese increased the height, fresh and dry weight of forage, number of tillers per plant, leaf to stem ratio and reduction of seed to forage ratio, compared to normal treatment. Manganese solution increased Crude Protein, Crude Fiber, Acid detergent fiber, Natural detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin traits, as well as reduced qualitative characteristics of dry mater digestibility, Water soluble carbohydrate and ash compared with normal treatment. Simple correlation coefficients between traits showed that there is an inverse relationship between quantity and forage quality. As a result, the factors that increase the amount of forage reduce its quality and vice versa. In the following, using factor analysis, 14 variables were defined in five factors for normal conditions and four factors for manganese soluble conditions which justify 80.81% and 83.85% of the variation of the data, respectively. They made the results of this study indicated the total digestibility of dry mater digestibility, Water soluble carbohydrate, acid detergent fiber and natural detergent fiber from the oral parameters of forage, which can influence on forage quality and animal feed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - Effect of nitrogen fertilizer levels and plant density on seeds quantity and quality of wheat
Javad Hamzei mohsen Seyedi afshar Azadbakht Ayob FesahatIn order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on wheat yield and yield component an experiment was done as factorial bases on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on wheat yield and yield component an experiment was done as factorial bases on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu-Ali Sina, during 2011-12 growing season. Experimental factors were: fertilizer levels (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1) and plant density (150, 300 and 450 plant m2). According to the data analysis, effect of nitrogen and plant density on all traits except harvest index were significant. Means comparison showed by increasing at N fertilizer; plant height, grain number per spike, 1000-seeds weight, biological yield, chlorophyll index and protein percentage were increased. But, by increasing at plant density; grain number per spike, 1000-seeds weight, chlorophyll index and protein percentage were decreased. The traits such as spike number per m2, grain yield and protein yield were affected by fertilizer × density interaction, significantly. The highest grain yield and protein yield (500 and 68.50 g m-2, respectively) were achieved at 160 kg N fertilizer × 300 plant per m2 treatment. So, pay attention to the results of present research, it seems that density of 300 plants with consumption of 120 kg N ha-1 is suitable for producing maximum grain and protein yields of wheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - Effect of chemical and biological nitrogenous and phosphorus fertilizers under sugarcane compost consumption condition on quantitative and qualitative aspects of maize yield (Zea mays L.)
Seyed Keyvan Marashi Akbar Taleb zadehThis research was carried out as strip blocks in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor, contained different amounts of chemical and biological nitrogen fertilizer at 3 levels 1- all through nitrocara, 2- 25% urea + nitrocara, 3-50% MoreThis research was carried out as strip blocks in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor, contained different amounts of chemical and biological nitrogen fertilizer at 3 levels 1- all through nitrocara, 2- 25% urea + nitrocara, 3-50% urea + nitrocara and the second factor, consisted chemical and biological phosphate fertilizer in 3 levels 1- all through barvar-2 phosphate bio-fertilizer, 2- 25% triple superphosphate + barvar-2, 3- 50% triple superphosphate + barvar2. The results showed that nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer had a significant effect on number of rows per ear, number of seeds per row, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and protein yield. Interaction effect of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer on grain yield, biological yield, 1000 grain weight and protein yield was not significant but had significant effect on other traits. The maximum grain yield and protein yield belonged to 50% urea + nitrokara and 50% triple superphosphate + barvar2 by 7476 and 830 kg.ha-1 respectively. The minimum grain yield and protein yield were observed for treatment of using all through nitrocara and barvar2 by 4401 and 329 kg ha-1, respectively. In generel, the results showed that in conditions of application of sugarcane compost, the use of fertilizer through biological and chemical increased the quantitative and qualitative maize yield and the maximum effect obtained on 50% urea + nitricara and 50% superphosphate triple + barvar-2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - بررسی ارتباط بین سطح سرمی CRP با میزان مرگ و میر یک ماهه در بیماران مبتلا به سکته قلبی حاد در بیمارستان آریا در مدت یکسال
Mohammad Sarafraz yazdi Mehrdad Sadeghi Ordubadi Ehsan RoshandelIntroduction: acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most common diseases, affecting the industrialized and developing worlds with an annual prevalence of 650,000 in the United States alone. Acute myocardial infarction has a 30% mortality rate, and noting the MoreIntroduction: acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most common diseases, affecting the industrialized and developing worlds with an annual prevalence of 650,000 in the United States alone. Acute myocardial infarction has a 30% mortality rate, and noting the importance of its complications many methods have been introduced to estimate the severity and prognosis of the disease. One serologic method is determining CRP, whose serum levels reflect the severity and involvement of acute cardiac muscle involvement. Till now many studies have looked at CRP as a predictor of prognosis in patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction, yet the results proved unsatisfactory in predicting short term mortality (1 month). In this study we will measure serum levels of hsCRP and compare it with their prognosis. Aim: to assess the relation between CRP serum levels with 1 month mortality of patients suffering from AMI. Materials and Methods: in this cross-sectional study blood samples were drawn from patients with chest pain and a diagnosis of AMI, 24 hours after admission to the CCU. The samples were mixed with either heparin or EDTA and were quickly sent to the lab and kept at 2-8 degrees Celsius for a maximum of 8 days (if frozen samples can be stored for up to 3 months). In the lab samples’ CRP forms a complex with anti-CRP polyclonal antibodies on latex and will cause turbidity. The amount of turbidity indicates the CRP level present in the sample. The relationship is calculated via enforced immunoturbidity after analysis with a two point photometer. The kit used in this study had a sensitivity of 0.1 to 20 mg/dl (Pars Kit Azmoon). Based on the kit used, the normal level in adults was considered below 5mg/dl. The patients were fallowed up 30 days post AMI. Results: 85 AMI patients were included in this study from which 15 expired within the first month after the infarction. Mean hsCRP levels in the deceased was 8.89, and in the survivors 6.39 mg/dl (P=0.146). Also 60% of the decease revealed high hsCRP (>5mg/dl), while in the survivors 45% revealed high hsCRP. Conclusion: considering other risk factors in the population under study which can increase a patient’s mortality risk, it can be said that hsCRP’s can play a relative role in predicting of 1 month prognosis of AMI patients. Moreover, this valuable index must be used alongside other risk factors for a precise estimation of prognosis in AMI patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - Comparing the yield and some morphological characteristics of forage corn promising genotypes in Tehran province
Homira Abbasi Moshrefi Behnam Zand Seyyed Mohammad Javad Mirhadi Farhad AziziIn order to investigate the comparing, the yield and some morphological characteristics of forage corn promising genotypes in Tehran province, an experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2015 was conducted. In this experiment, 17 MoreIn order to investigate the comparing, the yield and some morphological characteristics of forage corn promising genotypes in Tehran province, an experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2015 was conducted. In this experiment, 17 promising genotype were evaluated. The measured characteristics was included stem diameter, ear height from the ground, ear length, leaf area index, leaves number, fresh and dry forage yield, protein content and protein yield. The variance analysis results showed that there was difference between the promising genotypes at one percent probable in the possibility of leaf area index, dry forage yield, protein content and protein yield and at five percent probable in the possibility of fresh forage yield. In terms of mean comparison, there was difference between promising genotypes at the highest ear height from the ground was not observed. The most leaf area index in genotype 10 (K166b×K18) was obtained. The most number of leaves per genotype 15 (KLM77007/7-3-1-2-2-1-1× K18 (and the most stem diameter in genotype 12 (KLM77007/7-3-1-2-2-1-1× K18 (was obtained. The most fresh forage yield in genotype 11) K47/2-2-1-3-3-1-1-1×K19 (and dry forage yield in genotype 17 (SB73×MO17 (was observed. Also the most protein percent is related to the (K47/2-2-1-3-3-1-1-1×K1 (, 12 (KLM77007/7-3-1-2-2-1-1×K18 (and 14 (K47/2-2-1-2-1-3-1-1×K18 (and the most protein yield is related to the genotypes 11 (K47/2-2-1-3-3-1-1-1×K19( and 17 )SB73×MO17(. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - Effect of super absorbent polymer on the morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water deficit stress
Mohammad Reza Kazemi Farshad Ghooshchi Pourang KasraeiThis experiment studies the effects of super-physiological characteristics of wheat in drought conditions for split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plot including different levels of water deficit stress (60, 90 and 120 mm evapor MoreThis experiment studies the effects of super-physiological characteristics of wheat in drought conditions for split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plot including different levels of water deficit stress (60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation) and sub plot different amounts of polymer (zero, 15, 30 and 45 kg per ha).30 percent and biomass yield in the order of 6.42 and 10.94 percent increase compared to control polymer. In conditions of severe stress high level of polymer leads to a significant decrease in enzyme activity guaiacol (1.5 times), ascorbate peroxidase (63%), catalase (30%) and glutathione reductase (71%) compared to conditions without polymer. Even moderate levels of water stress leads to a significant reduction in chlorophyll a and b (15 and 24 percent respectively compared to control) was. But more drastic reduction in the amount of chlorophyll a and b in severe water deficit stress levels were observed (38.7, 51% reduction compared to control treatment). Using high polymer surfaces, 30 and 45 kg ha chlorophyll in plants to form a 13.42 and 20.13 percent respectively. Mild stress higher levels of polymers in organic solute had almost the same effect. While severe stress positive impact polymer was 45 kg per hector higher than 30 kg per hectare, and the accumulation of soluble sugars and proline able to hold even under mild stress. The high polymer membrane lipid peroxidation rate decreased, resulting in the production of malondialdehyde as compared to controls 53 percent. Superabsorbent polymer on grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, guaiacol peroxidase enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase was significant, and in Kalataz the interaction is not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - The effect of putrescine foliar application on physiologic characteristics of wheat Tiriticum aestivum var sw-82-9 under cut irrigation stress
zahra Karimi Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam Pourang KasraeeThis experiment was conducted to effect of putrescine foliar application on physiologic characteristics of wheat (Tiriticum aestivum var sw-82-9) under water deficit stress as split pilot arrangement and randomized complete block design with three replication ( 12 plots MoreThis experiment was conducted to effect of putrescine foliar application on physiologic characteristics of wheat (Tiriticum aestivum var sw-82-9) under water deficit stress as split pilot arrangement and randomized complete block design with three replication ( 12 plots) at Islamic Azad University farm. The main split including four irrigation levels: normal irrigation, withholding irrigation in stem elongation , withholding irrigation in flowering and withholding irrigation in grain filling and the secondary plot including foliar application with purred water, Putrescine foliar applications with 75 and 150 ppm.The maximum protein yield and percent was in grain filling and foliar application of putrescine (150 ppm) with 509.8 kg.ha-1 and 8.61% whereas minimum protein yield was in withholding irrigation in flowering with 387.03 and 6.5 % .Withholding irrigation in different stages of plant lifespan decreased chlorophyll a,b , a+b contents and relative water contents whereas increased protein content, proline and electrical conductivity. Putrescine foliar applications with 150 ppm improved all the mentioned characteristics to normal irrigation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
406 - Effects of humic acid sprying on yield and nutrients transition to wheat grain in drought stress condition
Rahim Mahmoodi Zoeek Mohammad Nasri meysam oveysiAn experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of humic acid spraying on grain yield and yield components of wheat, in agricultural research and natural resources center of Tehran province, in 2010-11. a split-plot layout within randomized complete b MoreAn experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of humic acid spraying on grain yield and yield components of wheat, in agricultural research and natural resources center of Tehran province, in 2010-11. a split-plot layout within randomized complete block design with three replications were used. main plots were three irrigation treatments contains of normal irrigation, non-irrigation at start of flowering stage (light stress) and non-irrigation at start of grain filling stage (severe stress), and sub plots were four levels of Humic acid spraying (spraying with pure water, Humic acid spraying with 200, 400 and 600 mg.l concentration). The result showed that, all of yield components except plant height and peduncle length affected significantly by drought stress on reproductive growth stage. The grain yield was significantly affected by Both light and severe stress treatments. The grain yield was decreased by 15.4% and 30.9% for light and sever stress respectively. humic acid spraying increased growth rate and leaf production and also accelerated maximum LAI achievement. The grain yield increased with Humic acid spraying for all three concentrations but, this was only significant in 600 mg.l.Protein and phosphorous percentage increased significantly with Humic acid spraying.. Polynomial equation for LAI changes manner, showed that the maximum LAI was achieved in higher amount and erlier time for normal irrigation and higher concentration of humic acid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - Effects of Zinc and nitrogen fertilizer on some qualitative and quantitative indices of wheat under late season low-irrigation condition
javad hasanpour mansoureh Khalatbari laleh Dehghan An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of Zn spraying and nitrogen fertilizer application on wheat under water stress condition, in varamin agricultural research center in 2005-16. a split-factorial layout within randomized complete bl More An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of Zn spraying and nitrogen fertilizer application on wheat under water stress condition, in varamin agricultural research center in 2005-16. a split-factorial layout within randomized complete block design with three replications were used. main plots were three irrigation treatments and sub plots were two, Zn spraying and Nitrogen fertilizer treatments with factorial arrangment. The result showed that, Cutting irrigation at both flowering and grain filling stages significantly reduced biological yield and grain yield, but the severity of this reduction was greater for stopping irrigation at flowering time. The highest grain yield was observed in the optimal irrigation treatment at 6667 kg ha-1. Non-Irrigation at the beginning of flowering and seed filling stages resulted in a yield reduction of 30 and 18.6%, respectively. The average weight loss of TKW due to stress at flowering and grain filling stages were 35.5 and 29.7%, respectively. On the other hand, stress caused an increase in protein content as well as moisture content of gluten, while the amount of zinc in grain decreased significantly. Weight loss of 1000 grains of wheat, followed by loss of starch storage increased the protein to starch ratio. There was no significant difference between nitrogen fertilizer supply from urea and ammonium sulfate except for plant height and peduncle length. Foliar application of zinc reduced stress damage on grain yield and increased zinc content from 36 to 38.2 ppm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - Effect of foliar application of selenium onquality traits and enzyme activities of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius .L) under different soil moisture regimes stress in varamin region
Behnam Khademi Hossein Ali Shaibani Arash BorzouIn order to study the effect of selenium foliar application on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius.L) under different soil moisture regimes stress an experiment in split plot based on Randomized complete block design with three replications in MoreIn order to study the effect of selenium foliar application on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius.L) under different soil moisture regimes stress an experiment in split plot based on Randomized complete block design with three replications in 1393 in The Islamic University research farm Varamin unit. Treatments were main plot drought in four irrigation regimes including 50 (Control), 80, and 110 mm evaporation from evaporation pan (Class A) and sub plotconsisted offour levelsof selenium (Control, 100, 200 and 300 mg/lit) respectively. Results showed a significant effect of drought stress and selenium on Catalase, Glutathione, Superoxide dismutase, Oil and protein percentage. Effect of selenium on selenium content of grain was significant but the effect of drought stress on this trait is not significant. Interactions between drought stress and selenium on selenium content of grain and oil percentage was significant and The Best Results in normal irrigation (control) and 300 mg treatment was obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - Effect of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza symbiosis on Protein percentage and some agronomic characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Arezou Omidi Mohammad Mirzakhani Mohammad Reza ArdekaniIn order to study the effect of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza symbiosis on protein percentage and some agronomic characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), the experimental was conducted as factorial based of randomized complete block design in three replicati MoreIn order to study the effect of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza symbiosis on protein percentage and some agronomic characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), the experimental was conducted as factorial based of randomized complete block design in three replications during growing season of 2011-2012 in research farm of college of Arak Islamic Azad University.Treatments including of inoculated with Azotobacter in three levels (Non-inoculated, inoculation with Azotobacter-5 and inoculation with Azotobacter-12) and Glomus fungi treatment in four levels (Non-inoculated, inoculation with Glomus intraradices, inoculation with Glomus mosseae and inoculation with mixed G.intraradices and G.mosseae).The traits such as branching height, biological yield of sub-sub boll, harvest index of sub-boll, grain yield of sub-boll, saturation water deficit and grain protein percentage were measured. Based on the results of the variance analysis table, all characters except grain yield of sub-boll were significant as affected by main effect of Azotobacter and Glomus fungi of safflower. Also interaction effect of Azotobacter and Glomus fungi were significant on traits branching height, biological yield of sub-sub boll, grain yield of sub boll, saturation water deficit and grain protein percentage of safflower. Based on the mean comparison table, of the highest biological yield of sub-sub boll (30.50 gr.plant) related to treatment A2M3(inoculation with Azotobacter-12 and inoculation with mixed G.intraradices and G.mosseae)that showed significant differences, while the same treatment showed higher rates in grain protein content of safflower (19.44%). Also, highest grain yield of sub boll equal to (44.33 gr.plant) was obtained from treatment A1M3 (inoculation with Azotobacter-5 and inoculation with mixed G.intraradices and G.mosseae) and lowest equal to (33.28 gr.plant) was obtained from treatment A0M0 (non-inoculated with Azotobacter and Glomus fungi). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - Effect of biosulfur and Zn foliar application on growth and yield of baharan new wheat variety
javad hasanpour mansoureh Khalatbari laleh DehghanThis experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of zinc foliar application and different levels of sulfur fertilizer on yield and wheat yield components of Baharan cultivar in 2016-2017 in Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center. The st MoreThis experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of zinc foliar application and different levels of sulfur fertilizer on yield and wheat yield components of Baharan cultivar in 2016-2017 in Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center. The statistical format of the design was factorial based on random complete blocks in 3 replications. The factors include sulfur fertilizer at three levels (zero, 250 and 500 kg.ha-1 from biosulfur or thiobacillus sulfur) and zinc element foliar application of zinc sulfate source (ZnSo4, 2H2o) at three levels (pure water spraying, solution Zinc spraying with a concentration of 0.5% and 1%). Zinc sulfate contained 34% pure zinc. The results showed that sulfur consumption had a significant effect on yield and quantitative components of wheat growth. The effect of consumption of this element on gluten, protein and grain content was also significant. Foliar application of zinc also had a significant effect on the weight characteristics of one thousand seeds, number of fertile tillers, grain yield, biological yield and leaf surface index. Also, all the qualitative traits of the grain were significantly affected by this element. The highest grain yield was obtained from the treatment of 500 kg of sulfur with 1% solution of zinc spraying at 6789 kg.ha-1. The combined use of biofuels and zinc increased the yield of wheat grains by 36%. The highest weight of 1000 grains was obtained from the consumption of 500 kg.ha-1 of sulfur and zinc foliar application with a concentration of 1% and a rate of 49.6 g. The maximum gluten in the grain was obtained from the consumption of 500 kg.ha-1 of sulfur and zinc foliar application with a concentration of 1%, respectively. Under the conditions of sulfur consumption, the positive effect of zinc foliar application on this trait increased. Zinc consumption increased the protein content by 10.3% and 17.7% for two concentrations of 0.5% and 1% of foliar application, respectively. The highest percentage of protein was obtained in the treatment of 500 kg.ha-1 of biofuels. The highest amount of zinc was recorded in the treatment of sulfur consumption of 500 kg.ha-1 along with 1% solution of zinc spraying at a rate of 63.30 mg.kg-1. The increase in leaf area index for both sulfur and zinc was significant compared to control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - The role of growth promoters in improvement of yield and physiological properties of Red bean under different irrigation levels
M.K. Aliloo محسن Roshdi S. Rezadoost J. Khalili Mahaleh An experiment in the form of split-plot design with randomized complete blocks was performedin three replications in Pyrmosi village of Khoi city during 1400 in order to evaluate theresponse of yield and physiological properties of red beans to the application of More An experiment in the form of split-plot design with randomized complete blocks was performedin three replications in Pyrmosi village of Khoi city during 1400 in order to evaluate theresponse of yield and physiological properties of red beans to the application of growthpromoters under different irrigation levels. Irrigation was considered as the main factor in threeirrigation levels, i.e., once in 8, 11 and 14 days, and the growth promoting compounds wereviewed as the secondary factors in 5 levels, i.e., the use of humic acid mixed with irrigationwater, amino acid foliar spraying, rooting stimulant, potassium and non-use of growthpromoters was (control). The results of analysis of variance indicated that irrigation had asignificant impact on all the traits studied, and the growth promoters affected the leaf relativewater content, chlorophyll a, protein percentage, number of lateral branches, seed yield, andharvest index significantly. The interaction of the two factors had significant effects on thenumber of lateral branches, seed yield, harvest index, and seed protein percentage. Theapplication of humic acid resulted in increased seed yield, and as the water deficit increased, theeffect of humic acid on increasing seed yield became significant. The highest seed yield was3076.12 kg per hectare observed in the irrigation level of once every 8 days and under thehumic acid treatment, and the lowest level of this trait was 1220.96 kg observed in the irrigationlevel of once 14 days and under the control treatment. It seems that increased irrigation intervalduring the growing season led to yield loss and degradation of physiological properties such asleaf area index, chlorophyll, and leaf relative water content, and the use of compounds such ashumic acid moderated the decreasing drought stress effects to some extent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - Effect of different tillage methods and herbicides application on qualitative and quantitative traits of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Khorramabad region
S.R Ghasemi علی Khourgami In order to study the different methods of tillage and application of herbicides on yield andyield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), this experiment was conducted inkhorammabad region in 2017 as factorial random based on complete randomized blockdesign More In order to study the different methods of tillage and application of herbicides on yield andyield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), this experiment was conducted inkhorammabad region in 2017 as factorial random based on complete randomized blockdesign with three replications. Tillage factor was considered at three levels control (I1),conservation tillage (I2), common tillage (I3) and herbicide application at 4 levels of control(m1), paraguat (m2), glyphosate (m3), mix of syncope and beta (m4). The results showedthat tillage had significant effect on protein percent, harvest index, plant number, pod numberper plant, number of seeds, grain yield, and harvest index. The results showed thatapplication of herbicide on protein percent, plant number, pod number per plant weresignificant effect but, harvest index, biological yield were not significant. In relation to tillagemanagement factor, conventional plow with 1097.7 kg/ha had the highest and control with0.906 kg/ha showed the lowest seed yield. The maximum seed yield was obtained in thecombination of treatment Sankur and Beta herbicides (1044.7 kg/ha) and the lowest (939.3kg/ha) were gained in control conditions. Interaction between tillage and planting depth(I3m4) had the highest seed yield (1110/9kg/ha) and the lowest was i1m1 with779/9 kg/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - The effect of foliar application of paclobutrazol at different levels of nitrogen on yield and quality of super wheat seeds
Sh Salemi M.N Ilkaei فرزاد Paknejad فیاض Aghayari مهدی Sadeghi ShoaPaclobutrazol is a plant growth regulator that reduces gibberellin in plants. In this research, paclobutrazol and nitrogen foliar application was investigated on the yield and grain quality of superwheat hybrid cultivar in Karaj region, in the form of split plots in the MorePaclobutrazol is a plant growth regulator that reduces gibberellin in plants. In this research, paclobutrazol and nitrogen foliar application was investigated on the yield and grain quality of superwheat hybrid cultivar in Karaj region, in the form of split plots in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications in the crop year 2017-2018. The main factor in this experiment included three different levels of nitrogen (60, 105 and 150 kg/ha) from the urea source, the second factor included two levels of paclobutrazol (zero and 200 mg/liter). The results showed that the application of paclobutrazol increased the grain yield and grain quality of wheat, and with the increase in the amount of nitrogen, the yield, yield components and quality of wheat grain increased. The highest amount of seed yield was 14.05 ton/ha, the number of seeds per spike was 89.35 seeds, the harvest index was 43.41% and the seed protein was 12.44% related to the mutual effects of nitrogen 150 kg per hectare and the application of paclobutrazol. Therefore, in order to increase the yield and quality of wheat grain, it is recommended to use paclobutrazol along with nitrogen at 150 kg per hectare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - Alterations of Serum Adenosine deaminase, Total Sialic acid, Malondialdehyde and Heat Shock Protein-27 in Sheep with Naturally Infected Liver Cysticercus taeniaculis
Kaveh Azimzadeh hooman azizizadehThe present study is involved investigation of total sialic acid (TSA), adenosine deaminase (ADA), malondialdehyde (MDA) and heat shock protein-27 (HSP-27) alterations in sheep during Cysticercus taeniaculis infection. For this purpose, 40 parasitized and 40 healthy she MoreThe present study is involved investigation of total sialic acid (TSA), adenosine deaminase (ADA), malondialdehyde (MDA) and heat shock protein-27 (HSP-27) alterations in sheep during Cysticercus taeniaculis infection. For this purpose, 40 parasitized and 40 healthy sheep were selected based on observation of cystic form in liver and lack of blood parasite along with no cystic conformation in carcass respectively. Thereupon, ten milliliters of blood were collected via the jugular vein from all ones and transferred to EDTA-contained and non-EDTA tubes and after preparation of plasma and sera, all parameters were detected in groups. The results revealed a significant decrease (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - Determination of the diagnostic value of positive and negative acute phase proteins of the milk as new and reliable biomarkers in bovine subclinical mastitis
S.H ShiraziBeheshtiha, V. Rabbani شهاب الدین Safi , M Bolourchi مهرداد Ameri,Currently, somatic cell count (SCC) and bacterial culture is considered as the golden and ultimate standard methods for diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis. However, SCC has a low diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, foridentifcation of infected animals new biomarkers w MoreCurrently, somatic cell count (SCC) and bacterial culture is considered as the golden and ultimate standard methods for diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis. However, SCC has a low diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, foridentifcation of infected animals new biomarkers with high diagnostic accuracy are needed. Acute phase proteins(APPs) are proteins that are increased (positive APPs) or decreased (negative APPs) in response to inflammation.The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of the milk APPs for the diagnosis of subclinicalmastitis in dairy cows. A total of 90 clinically healthy cows were randomly selected. Of these, 52 cows were considered to have subclinical mastitis based on a SCC higher than 130 × 1000 cells/mL of milk and positive bacterialculture results of milk samples obtained from at least one of the quarters. Milk amyloid A (MAA) concentrationwas measured using a commercial ELISA kit and albumin, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and immunoglobulin(Ig) were measured in whey samples by using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Diagnostic sensitivity and specifcity and cutoff points for each test were determined via receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Signifcant (P < 0.001) increases in the mean and median concentration of MAA, albumin, α-lactalbumin, and Ig werefound in the milk samples collected from cows with subclinical mastitis. MAA was the most accurate test witha diagnostic sensitivity of 92.3% and specifcity of 92.1% at cutoff point of > 1.6 mg/L. The results of this studyshowed that determination of MAA and some milk serum proteins such as albumin and immunoglobulins can beused as potential and reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - Differential Diagnosis of Fasciolosis and Dicrocoeliosis by using Somatic Protein Bands
عباس Baygan نادیا Taiefi NasrabadiDicrocoelium and Fasciola are hepatic duct parasites of different animals that are reported from cattle, buffalo,camel, sheep, goats, wild rabbit and hogs in Iran and many other parts of the world. Studies show that the existenceof this parasites in the livers of final MoreDicrocoelium and Fasciola are hepatic duct parasites of different animals that are reported from cattle, buffalo,camel, sheep, goats, wild rabbit and hogs in Iran and many other parts of the world. Studies show that the existenceof this parasites in the livers of final hosts become pathogens.The new technologies in the field of molecularbiology had caused basic changes in the classic researches and indistinguishing parasites. One of these methods isthe somatic proteins identification of the parasites resulted from SDS-PAGE.In an abattoir, adult trematodes were obtained from infested livers of cows, sheep and goats. The different partsof the parasite, such as evacuated materials, excretory and somatic parts can have antigens for diagnosing proteins.There are different method for diagnosing proteins. The best and easiest of these methods is electrophoresis withSDS PAGE. After some processing, some adult termatodes of every host for the expulsion of extra materials waswashed in PBS (pH= 7.4) 3-4 times and the resulting solution was centrifuged in 4oC for 30 min in 12000 G.The results of the present study showed that D. denderiticum protein bands are in 14.4-116 kDa range and theirnumbers is 15. F. hepatica protein bands are in 18-63 kDa and include 7 bands, while F. gigantica in the samerange is 9 bands.Using somatic proteins pattern can be considered as a new paraclinic method for the differential diagnosis ofFascioliasis and Dicrocoeliasis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - Effect of humic acid foliar application on quality and quantitive yield and agronomic charactristics of wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L.) in beiranshahr region (Lorestan)
Hamid Beiranvand Ali khourgamyIncreasing the yield of crops, especially wheat, has a special importance due to the highest cultivation and consumption in the country. Humic acid, as a natural organic acid derived from humus and other natural resources, can be effective without adverse environmental MoreIncreasing the yield of crops, especially wheat, has a special importance due to the highest cultivation and consumption in the country. Humic acid, as a natural organic acid derived from humus and other natural resources, can be effective without adverse environmental effects to increase grain yield in wheat, especially in environmentally variable conditions.In order to evaluate the effect of humic acid foliar on quantitative and qualitative yield and some agricultural characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications In the crop year 2016-2017 in Biranshahr (Lorestan) region was conducted. Such factors include spraying with humic acid at four concentrations (zero, control H1), (one in a thousand, H2), (two thousand, H3), (three thousand H4) and spraying time of tillering (F1), Stemming (F2), spike (F3) they were. The results showed that the interaction of humic acid in growth stage significantly affected yield and yield components as well as qualitative traits such as protein protein and protein yield and the highest grain yield was obtained with increasing of 33.6% per hectare in the treatment with 2% concentration at the tillering stage. Biological yield, harvest index, grains per spike, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, grain weight has a significant positive correlation with seed yield. The results showed that spraying with humic acid can improve the grain yield and grain yield of wheat cultivars and can be considered in order to increase the economic performance of this product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - Study the Efficiency of Methanol Foliar Application on Some Qualitative and Physiological Traits of Safflower under Supplemental Irrigation
Afsaneh Ghorbani Manouchehr Sayahfar Ghodratollah ShakaramiIn order to investigate the effect of supplemental irrigation and foliar application of methanol concentrations on quality, and some physiological traits of safflower, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design in three replications, MoreIn order to investigate the effect of supplemental irrigation and foliar application of methanol concentrations on quality, and some physiological traits of safflower, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design in three replications, in the 2014-2015 crop year on the farm Kamalvand located 5 km from the Khorramabad Azad University. Treatment consisted of methanol at four levels (foliar application of water, methanol with a concentration of 15, 20 and 25% by volume) and supplemental irrigation at three levels (no supplemental irrigation supplementary irrigation systems and irrigation in both stage Additional Rate and grain filling stage of boll respectively). The results showed that leaf area index, relative water content, leaf greenness index in the seed stage of supplemental irrigation and grain filling, but the highest percentage of protein obtained in the absence of supplemental irrigation. The highest leaf greenness index, protein and oil content by volume of methanol at a concentration of 20% was seen, but most LAI was observed in methanol at a concentration of 25% by volume. In conclusion, in order to achieve maximum quality and quantity of supplementary irrigation in both stage and grain filling and methanol at a concentration of 20% by volume relative to the rest of the trial a more suitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - The effect of salicylic acid on some morphological and physiological traits under salinity stress (Catharanthus roseus)
Samaneh Abdolmohammadi Jalal OmidiAbstract: Considering the increasing trend of salinity development and lack of desirable land for agriculture in the world, the use of saline resistant species or the use of compounds that reduce the effects of salinity stress and induction of resistance to stress in pl MoreAbstract: Considering the increasing trend of salinity development and lack of desirable land for agriculture in the world, the use of saline resistant species or the use of compounds that reduce the effects of salinity stress and induction of resistance to stress in plants is very important. Salicylic acid is one of the beneficial compounds for plants, which plays an important role in the resistance of plants to environmental stresses, including salinity stress. To evaluate the potential beneficial effects of salicylic acid on some of the physiological and morphological parameters of an experiment, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with two factors: salinity including sodium chloride at 0, 100 and 150 mM and salicylic acid at two levels 0 and 1 mM with four repeats. At the end of experiment, vegetative traits, chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoids, starch, sucrose and total protein content were measured after 28 days of treatment. The results of salinity and salicylic acid interaction showed that salinity significantly reduced the weight and dry weight of the shoot, root dry weight and root, root penetration depth, and the height of the forage plant. Salinity of 150 mM significantly reduced the amount of chlorophyll a and b. In addition, the amount of sucrose and starch and protein decreased by salinity. Treatments with salicylic acid increased vegetative traits, sugars, chlorophyll, carotenoids and protein under salinity stress significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - Investigating the effect of planting date on growth and yield of two mung bean cultivars in the second crop in Qazvin region
Alireza Azimi Hamidreza Zakerin Esmaeil Hadidid MasoulehThis study was conducted in the summer of 2018 in Qazvin region to investigate the effect of planting date on growth and yield of two mung bean cultivars as a second crop. This experiment was performed as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replica MoreThis study was conducted in the summer of 2018 in Qazvin region to investigate the effect of planting date on growth and yield of two mung bean cultivars as a second crop. This experiment was performed as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Planting date factor at three levels (July 10, July 25 and August 9) were considered as the main factor and two cultivars Parto and VCA as the secondary factor. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of planting date and cultivar on grain yield was significant at the level of one percent. The results of comparing the means of the effect of planting date levels on grain yield showed that the planting date of 10 July with an average of 562.3 kg / ha had the highest grain yield. The lowest grain yield was observed on 9 August with an average of 388.9 kg / ha. The results of comparing the means of cultivar effect on grain yield showed that Parto cultivar with an average of 478.1 kg / ha was significantly superior to VCA cultivar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - The study of nitrogen use efficiency and its related traits in winter cereals
Ali Rahemi Karizaki Abbas Biabani Shahryar Kazemi Hosein Sabouri Maral EtesamiNitrogen is the most important factor limiting the growth and performance of crops, especially cereals. Therefore, with the aim of investigating the nitrogen use efficiency and its components in different cereals under the conditions of control (no use nitrogen) and opt MoreNitrogen is the most important factor limiting the growth and performance of crops, especially cereals. Therefore, with the aim of investigating the nitrogen use efficiency and its components in different cereals under the conditions of control (no use nitrogen) and optimal conditions of nitrogen, a factorial field experiment was conducted base on randomized complete block design with three replications at Gonbad Kavus University in 2017-2018. The experimental treatments included cereals at 7 levels, including bread wheat Koohdasht cultivar, durum wheat Seimareh cultivar, two rowed barley Khoram cultivar, six rowed barley Sahra cultivar, hull less barley Line 17, triticale Javanilo cultivar and oat Canadian cultivar) and the nitrogen factor were evaluated at two control (zero) and optimum levels. The result showed that cereal × nitrogen interaction was not significant on nitrogen utilization efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen content and grain protein. But the main effect of nitrogen and cereals on nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen utilization efficiency and grain protein percentage was significant at 1% level. While the nitrogen harvest index was only affected by cereals, Also, nitrogen remobilization was affected by cereals, nitrogen and cereals × nitrogen interaction. Finally, the results of this experiment showed that nitrogen use efficiency increased in all studied cereals under optimal nitrogen conditions. Nitrogen use efficiency consists of two components, nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency, as a result, the increase in nitrogen use efficiency is mostly due to the improvement in nitrogen uptake efficiency. Also, in all cereals under optimal nitrogen conditions, protein percentage and grain yield increased, in order to the increase in protein percentage was due to increased nitrogen remobilization. On the other hand, hull less barley had a higher nitrogen use efficiency than other cereals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - Strategic Protein Supplementation to Increase Milk Production in Crossbreed Cows Grazing on Tropical Pastures
J.R.M. Ruas P.R.M. Conceição D.S. Queiroz V.M. Gomes M.D. da Costa V.J.G. Mota M.A.S. Novaes G. Virginio Junior E.A. da SilvaThis study aimed to evaluate the production and milk composition of crossbreed F1 Holstein × Zebu (1/2 H×Z) cows grazing on Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) or Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) sup-plemented with different protein concentrate. 36 H × Z cows (±514 k MoreThis study aimed to evaluate the production and milk composition of crossbreed F1 Holstein × Zebu (1/2 H×Z) cows grazing on Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) or Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) sup-plemented with different protein concentrate. 36 H × Z cows (±514 kg of body weight) were used. The cows had ± 65 days in milk and were distributed in a randomized block design, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrange-ment, i.e., two types of grass (Marandu and Tifton-85 grass), three types of protein supplementation (2.0 kg of concentrate with low rumen degradable protein; 2.0 kg of concentrate with high rumen degradable pro-tein; and no concentrate feed). Both grass produced similar amounts of forage mass, kg.h-1. The nutritional value for both grasses was also similar in all the variables analyzed, such as crude fat, crude protein, carbo-hydrates, non-fiber carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber, and, acid detergent fiber. The milk yield was not affected by the different grasses used for grazing. Only the lactose content was higher in cows grazing on marandu grass than in Tifton-85 grass (P=0.032). The cows that did not receive concentrate had lower daily milk yield (P=0.010) and a lower percentage of lactose (P=0.011). In conclusion, both grasses can be used for grazing F1 ½ H × Z cows, and protein supplementation, regardless of its ruminal degradability, in this situation is necessary to increase milk production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - Effects of Replacing Canola Meal with Soybean Meal in Broiler Chicken Diet on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Liver Enzymes during Different Rearing Periods
M. Mohammadian Amiri B. Dastar R. Mirshekar O. AshayerizadehSoybean meal is more beneficial than canola meal (CM) due to the better balance of amino acids in the nutrition of broilers. Three experiments were conducted to assess the impact of replacing soybean meal with CM at different levels during the rearing stages of Ross 308 MoreSoybean meal is more beneficial than canola meal (CM) due to the better balance of amino acids in the nutrition of broilers. Three experiments were conducted to assess the impact of replacing soybean meal with CM at different levels during the rearing stages of Ross 308 male broilers on performance, carcass traits, and liver enzyme concentrations. In the first experiment, 420 one-day-old chicks received starter diets with six graded levels of CM from 0 to 15% for 10 days. In the second experiment, 360 eleven-day-old chicks were fed six experimental grower diets varying in CM from 0 to 25% over 14 days. In the third experiment, three hundred 25-day-old chicks were subjected to six finisher diets ranging in CM from 0 to 40% over 18 days. The findings revealed that the inclusion of the CM at the examined levels had no adverse effects on broilers' performance, carcass traits, and liver enzymes in the first and second experiments (P>0.05). Die-tary CM inclusion of more than 32% in the third experiment had significant adverse effects on the perform-ance, European broiler index, and liver enzymes of broilers (P<0.05). In conclusion, the CM can be in-cluded in broiler diets at levels up to 15% during the starter and 20% during the grower periods without adversely affecting growth performance and carcass traits. Nonetheless, an inclusion level of CM exceeding 32% of the diet during the finisher period resulted in decreased weight gain and harmful effects on liver function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - Effect of plant density and potassium consumption on the quantitative and qualitative yield in Sunflower ( Helianthus annus L. ) var. Hayson
هدي جماليIn order to study the effect of plant density on quantitative and qualitative yield of sunflower var. Hayson, a field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with four replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research in Mazandaran provi MoreIn order to study the effect of plant density on quantitative and qualitative yield of sunflower var. Hayson, a field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with four replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research in Mazandaran province ( Sari – Dashte Naz ) in crop year of 2009. In this experiment, four density levels 55, 63, 83, 111 thousand plants per hectare ) were considered as the main factor and three levels of potassium as ( 0, 50, 100kg per hectare ) as the sub factor. Analysis of variance showed that the density had significant effect on seed protein and the percentage of oil, but the number of rows of seeds, the number of filled seeds and seed yield were not significantly affected by the density. The results showed that the density of 83 thousand plants per hectare with 100kg potassium fertilizer had the greatest impact on increasing of the number of rows of sees, number of filled grain and seed yield. Density and potassium levels did not have significant effect on seed protein but the greatest oil percentage belonged to 83 thousand plants per hectare. On the basis of results, it is defined that increasing density on the optimum level, caused to increase yield components, oil percentage and seed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
425 - Effect of plant density and foliar application of urea fertilizer on yield and protein percentage of Durum wheat
اكبر قاسمي پور علی نصرالله زاده اصلIn order to evaluate the plant density and foliar application of urea fertilizer impact on yield and yield components of Durum wheat var. Arya, an experiment was carried out in 20km north east of Khoy during 2010 = 11. The fist factor plant density was in three levels ( MoreIn order to evaluate the plant density and foliar application of urea fertilizer impact on yield and yield components of Durum wheat var. Arya, an experiment was carried out in 20km north east of Khoy during 2010 = 11. The fist factor plant density was in three levels (300, 400, 500 grain in m2 ) , the second factor, foliar application of urea fertilizer in four levels ( control, stage of tillering, stage of stem extension and stage of flowering ) were considered. The result of variation analysis showed that the effect of plant density on number of spike in m2,number of grain in spike, weight of 1000 grains, number of spiklet in spike, protein percentage, grain yield and harvest index were significant. The highest grain yield (6.9 ton/ha ) obtained from density of 300 grain in m2. And the minimum grain yield ( 5.19 ton/ha ) was attained from density of 300 grain in m2.The effect of foliar application of urea fertilizer on traits except to weight of 1000 grains was important. The highest grain yield (6.74 ton/ha ) was obtained from foliar applications of nitrogen fertilizer in the stage of tillering and grain yield increased about 10% compared with control. In addition to this experiment the maximum grain protein percentage was attained from plant density of 500 grain in m2 and foliar application of urea fertilizer in the stage of flowering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - The Critical Role of Nutrition in Acceleration of the Rehabilitation Process in Athletes
DANIEL TARMASTSports-related injuries have profound implications for athletes, encompassing their physical and mental health, a fact that must be acknowledged in light of the incidence of such incidents. In addition, organizations and sports federations bear significant financial bur MoreSports-related injuries have profound implications for athletes, encompassing their physical and mental health, a fact that must be acknowledged in light of the incidence of such incidents. In addition, organizations and sports federations bear significant financial burdens due to these injuries. The aforementioned expenditures comprise a wide range of medical interventions, including treatment, surgery, and the lengthy periods of rehabilitation that follow. A meticulously planned and precise nutritional plan implemented during the rehabilitation phase can substantially reduce costs by promoting speedy recovery and mitigating the likelihood of re-injuries. Protein is essential for tissue repair and preventing muscle degeneration during rehabilitation. A daily protein intake of 1.2 to 2 grams per kilogram of body weight is strongly advised, with leucine being particularly crucial. Due to their status as the primary energy source, carbohydrates play a crucial role in facilitating the process of recovery. It is advised that approximately 3 to 5 grams per kilogram of body weight, or 55% of caloric intake, comprise complex carbohydrates. It is crucial to emphasize that lipids should constitute approximately 20 to 25% of one's daily caloric intake. This equates to 0.8 to 2 grams of fat per kilogram of body weight per day. Empirical evidence supports the notion that integrating nourishing components into one's dietary plan, such as fish, avocado, and olive oil, is advantageous. It has been discovered that these nutrients reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair effectively. Coaches, athletes, and sports administrators can develop and implement effective nutrition programs by collaborating with sports nutrition specialists. This collaborative effort mitigates the financial strain of sports injuries while concurrently expediting the recuperation process. A balanced and concentrated dietary plan, comprising adequate quantities of protein, complex carbohydrates, and nourishing fats, is the foundation for athletes to reestablish their highest performance levels rapidly. Additionally, this dietary plan contributes to reducing recovery periods and relevant costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - The effect of high-intensity interval training on the content of autophagy proteins (BECLIN1 and AMBRA1) in the skeletal muscle of aged rats
Hamid Khodaverdi Neda Aghaei Bahmanbeglou saeedeh ShadmehriIntroduction: One of the complications associated with aging is the reduction of muscle volume, which is caused by defects in cellular pathways such as autophagy. Exercises can be a key factor in reversing or increasing this complication; Therefore, the aim of this rese MoreIntroduction: One of the complications associated with aging is the reduction of muscle volume, which is caused by defects in cellular pathways such as autophagy. Exercises can be a key factor in reversing or increasing this complication; Therefore, the aim of this research is the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the content of autophagy proteins (BECLIN1 and AMBRA1) in the skeletal muscle of aged rats. Materials and Methods: The current research is of experimental-fundamental type, in which 12, 20-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 400±30 grams were randomly divided into 2 groups: 1) control (6 head) and 2) HIIT (6 head). The HIIT training program consisted of 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week with an intensity of 85-90% of VO2max. After 48 hours after the last training session, the EDL muscle tissue of the rats was removed. Data analysis Data were analysed through independent t-test in SPSS version 27 and GraphPad Prism version 2.2.10 software. The significance level was less than p≥0.05. Results: Eight weeks of HIIT training increased BECLIN1 protein intracellular content (P=0.0001) and decreased AMBRA1 protein intracellular content (P=0.0001) in EDL muscle of aged rats. Conclusion: Considering the conflicting results in the content of BECLIN1 and AMBRA1 proteins, it suggests that the adaptive responses of HIIT differ in the regulation of the autophagy pathway. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - Evaluation of Quality, Physiological Tuber Yield Traits in Potato Genotypes in Ardabil Region
Davoud Hassanpanah احمدموسی پورگرجیIn order to evaluate tuber yield and traits related to tuber quality, 30 potato genotypes were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Potato Research Station of the countrylocated in Ardabil city during 2021 year. During the growing MoreIn order to evaluate tuber yield and traits related to tuber quality, 30 potato genotypes were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Potato Research Station of the countrylocated in Ardabil city during 2021 year. During the growing season and after harvest traits of tuber yield, tuber soluble sugar amount, tuber proline amount, tuber starch percentage, tuber protein amount, tuber dry matter percentage, tuber polyphenol oxidase activities amount, tuber catalase amount, tuber superoxide dismutase amount, tuber fiber amount, tuber nitrogen amount, tuber fat amount, tuber vitamin c amount, tuber reducing sugar content, tuber eye depth, tuber shape, tuber skin and flesh color, tuber hollow heart, tuber inner ring, baking type, discolored of raw tuber flesh after 24 h and maturity were measured according to the National Guidelines for Determining the Field Value Tests. There was a significant difference between genotypes in terms of all measured traits. The highest tuber yield was related to genotypes 7009-3, Rona, Takta, 905675 and 8707-112. High-yield genotypes had higher tuber proline amount, tuber catalase amount, tuber fat amount, tuber superoxide dismutase amount and acceptable tuber reducing sugar content, tuber eye depth, tuber hollow heart very minor and the internal rust of the tuber was very low. The Rona, Takta, 905675 and 8707-112 genotypes belong to the moderately late maturity group and 7009-3 genotypes belong to the moderately early maturity group. Genotypes 7009-3 and 905675 with dry matter between 21 to 21.99% with round tuber shape, suitable for chips, 8707-112 genotype with more than 22% tuber dry matter percentage and long oval tuber shape, suitable for French-fries, Rona genotype with more than 22% tuber dry matter percentage and round oval tuber shape, suitable for chips, and and Takta genotype with a percentage of tuber dry matter between 18 to 20% with the oval round tuber shape, suitable for salads and canned were determined. Genotypes 7009-3 and Rona had the highest tuber protein and tuber vitamin c amount. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - The Effect of Irrigation Regims and Humic Acid Levels on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Saeed Mahdavi Naser Mohammadian Roshan Majid Ashouri Ebrahim Amiri hamidreza doroudianIn order to investigate the effect of irrigation regimes and amounts of humic acid on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of peanuts, an experiment was conducted a split in a randomized complete block design. It was performed with three replications in the MoreIn order to investigate the effect of irrigation regimes and amounts of humic acid on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of peanuts, an experiment was conducted a split in a randomized complete block design. It was performed with three replications in the cropping years of 2018 and 2019 in Astana-Ashrafieh city of Guilan province. Experimental treatments included irrigation regime (rainfed and water requirement of 60, 80 and 100%) as the first factor and humic acid (without fertilizer, 3, 6 and 9 L.ha-1) as the second (secondary) factor. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and humic acid on biological yield and pod and grain yield was significant. The highest grain yield was obtained in the irrigation treatment of 100 and 80% of water requirement and with the use of humic acid 9 L.ha-1 with an average of 2562 and 2526 kg.ha-1, respectively. Biological yield under 80 and 100% water requirement was 6714 and 6772 kg.ha-1, respectively. The highest biological yield was observed in different amounts of humic acid in treatments of 9 L.ha-1 at the amount of 7436 kg.ha-1. Pod yield in the treatment of 80 and 100% of water requirement were 2427 and 2435 kg.ha-1, respectively. The lowest and highest pod yields in different amounts of humic acid were in the treatments without fertilizer and 9 L.ha-1 with an average of 1453 and 2706 kg.ha-1, respectively. Treatment of 80% of plant water requirement and the amount of humic acid consumed at 9 L.ha-1 with an average of 745.5 kg.ha-1, had the highest rate compared to other treatments. According to the research results, the use of humic acid 9 L.ha-1 can be suggested by providing 80% of water requirement as suitable conditions for the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - The interaction of interval training and whey protein on the ratio of testosterone to cortisol
Zia Abdullah Karim Al-Shammari عبدالعلی بنائی فر Ardeshir Zafari Sajad ArshadiThe present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of 8 weeks of interval training combined with whey protein consumption on the serum levels of testosterone, cortisol and the ratio of testosterone to cortisol in young non-athletes. In this semi-exp MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of 8 weeks of interval training combined with whey protein consumption on the serum levels of testosterone, cortisol and the ratio of testosterone to cortisol in young non-athletes. In this semi-experimental study, 48 young non-athletes between the ages of 18 and 24 were randomly divided into four groups of 12: control group (no intervention); supplement (whey protein); Interval training and combined group (interval training + whey protein) were included. After measuring the anthropometric indicators, the subjects in all 4 groups were present in the laboratory environment after 10 to 12 hours of overnight starvation (fasting) and after 15 minutes of rest, 5 cc of blood from the brachial vein between 7 o'clock and it was taken from them at 8 am. Blood sampling was taken to measure testosterone and cortisol and calculate the ratio of testosterone to cortisol (pre-test). Then the aforementioned interventions were performed on the studied groups for a period of 8 weeks. Finally, 48 hours after the last training session, blood sampling was done again (fasting) to measure dependent variables (post-test). Also, anthropometric indices were measured after the intervention in all groups. Data analysis by ANCOVA revealed that compared to the control group, interval training combined with whey protein consumption increased testosterone and the ratio of testosterone to cortisol and decreased cortisol in the combined group compared to the control group. Also, the implementation of aerobic exercises combined with the consumption of Selenium Plus improved the mentioned variables compared to the application of each of them alone. In a summary, based on the available findings, it is concluded that the implementation of interval training combined with the consumption of whey protein is associated with more anabolic effects than the application of each of them alone in non-athletic men. However, further understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the anabolic effect of interval training and whey protein requires further studies in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - Investigation of the effect of Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein on leukotriene C4, B4 levels and airway inflammation in an allergic asthma mouse model.
Alireza Khaleghi khorramiAbstract Background Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) acts as an immunogen to elicit antigenic responses or an immunomodulator to regulate T-cell immunity. This protein can lead to a Th2 response, which may result in an allergic response or a MoreAbstract Background Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) acts as an immunogen to elicit antigenic responses or an immunomodulator to regulate T-cell immunity. This protein can lead to a Th2 response, which may result in an allergic response or a Th1 response. It is also likely to affect the production of leukotrienes C4, B4 and finally asthma. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of HP-NAP on the concentration of leukotrienes C4 and B4 in an allergic asthma model in mice and to compare this with the effects of Helicobacter pylori. Materials and Methods Firstly, the Helicobacter pylori standard strain and HP-NAP peptide were prepared in accordance with the methodology outlined in a previous study. Subsequently, 40 adult Blab c 6 to 8-week-old male mice were prepared for modelling and developing allergic asthma and were divided into four groups of 10. These mice were selected for further study to investigate the changes in the aforementioned leukotrienes. Results demonstrated that the level of leukotrienes C4 and B4, as measured using the ELISA method, was significantly elevated in the asthmatic group compared to the healthy group. While the treatments with Helicobacter and HP-NAP did not result in a significant decrease in the levels of C4 and B4 compared to the asthmatic group, Conclusion In light of the more pronounced effects of HP-NAP compared to Helicobacter itself in reducing the level of C4 and B4 leukotrienes, HP-NAP was able to reduce the level of C4 and B4 leukotrienes in asthmatic animals. However, this reduction was not statistically significant when compared to the asthmatic group. Therefore, further studies are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - The Effect of Feeding Top-Dress Cottonseed Bioactive Peptide and Organic Selenium on Milk Production, Liver Function, Metabolic, and Immunity Responses during the Prepartum of Holstein Dairy Cattle
Z. Mirbagheri Marvili H. Amanlou N. Eslamian FarsuniThe objective of this study was to assess the effect of feeding top-dress bioactive peptides from cottonseed (CSBP) and hydroxy seleno methionine (HSM) on the performance, immune system, and health status of Holstein cows during the prepartum period. One hundred and eig MoreThe objective of this study was to assess the effect of feeding top-dress bioactive peptides from cottonseed (CSBP) and hydroxy seleno methionine (HSM) on the performance, immune system, and health status of Holstein cows during the prepartum period. One hundred and eighty multiparous Holstein dry cows from 21 d before the expected calving date were assigned to one of the four experimental treatments of a random-ized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement including 1) control group (containing inor-ganic Se recommended in NRC (2001)), 2) control plus 1.2 mg HSM, 3) control plus 300 g CSBP and 4) control plus 1.2 mg HSM and 300 g CSBP. The interaction of HSM and CSBP affected prepartum serum glucose concentration. Prepartum immune indicators and liver enzymes were not affected by the interaction of CSBP by HSM. In the postpartum period, the interaction of HSM by CSBP affected the concentration of serum glucose, cholesterol, total protein (TP), and creatine kinase (CK). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) tended to be significant by the interaction of HSM and CSBP. The interaction of CSBP with HSM in-creased milk production. The interaction of CSBP by HSM showed that the Pe0Se1 cows had the lowest milk BHB concentration compared to other treatments. These results demonstrate that feeding top-dress CSBP and HSM could improve milk yield. Increasing total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by HSM and pep-tide separately could be helpful as a tool to pass the inflammatory period peripartum. The liver functionality index wasn’t affected by any of the experimental treatments. Manuscript profile
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