Study of quantitative and qualitative traits of bread wheat by using of Cycocel, Zinc sulfate and bio-fertilizer application under dry land farming

Subject Areas : Journal of Plant Ecophysiology

Mostafa Ahmadi ¹ , Mohammad Javad Zarea ² , Yahya Emam ³

1 - دانشجوی سابق دکتری و دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران
2 - Associate Professor of Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ilam University
3 - Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, Shiraz University

Received: 2017-03-11 Accepted : 2018-05-07 Published : 2019-09-23

Keywords: Protein, Grain yield, amino acid, Yield components,

Abstract :

Wheat is one of the most crops and Wheat bread is the main component of Iranian nutrition patterns. A two field experiments (2013-2014) was conducted as a randomized complete block design with 3 replications at two locations (Ilam and Bushehr) to study quantitative and qualitative traits of bread wheat cultivar Kohdasht. Treatments were two levels of Cycocel (CCC) (0, 2.5 g/L), application of Zinc sulfate (Zn) at the three rates (0, 25 and 50 kg/ha) and Nitroxin, as bio-fertilizer, (seed inoculated and non-inoculated). Results showed that CCC application in both locations had significant effect on yield and its components. CCC spraying in compared to control treatment increased spike number per meter square, grain number per spike and grain yield by about 14.6, 19.6 and 28.5 percentages, respectively. The highest grain protein content (13.8%), wet Gluten (36.1%), Gliadin (53.6%) and Glutenin (31.8%) were obtained from plants treated with CCC spraying, at 50 kg/ha of zinc sulfate and Nitroxin-inoculated seeds treatment. CCC spraying at the concentration level of 2.5 g/L, application of 50 kg of Zn and inoculation of seeds with Nitroxin resulted to the highest grain yield (1710 kg/ha) and the highest amounts of lysine, Threonine and Methionine were obtained by about 510, 545 and 772 milligram per 100 gram of protein sample, respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that CCC at the concentration level of 2.5 g/L, 50 kg/ha of Zn and seed inoculation with Nitroxin might be effective in improvement of grain yield in wheat under dry land farming.

References:

امام، ی. 1390. زراعت غلات. چاپ چهارم. انتشارات دانشگاه شیراز. 190 ص.

امام، ی. 1373. راهنمای تشخیص مراحل رشد گندم و جو. نشریه فنی شماره 18. انتشارات دانشگاه شیراز. 22ص.

پیرسته انوشه، ه. و ی. امام. 1391. واکنش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه گندم نان و ماکارونی به تنظیم کنندههای رشد در شرایط تنش خشکی در مزرعه و گلخانه. مجله تنشهای محیطی در علوم زراعی. 5: 17-1.

راهنما، ا. فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی. 1390. انتشارات پوران پژوهش. 410 ص.

صادقی، م. و ح. ر. میری.1393. تأثیر مقادیر مختلف کلرمکوات‌کلراید و تراکم بوته در کنترل خوابیدگی. مجله اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی. 19: 44-30. 

جاسمی، س. ش.، غ .ع. اکبری، ف. مرادی و گ. نجفیان. 1393. اثر کودهای پرمصرف و کم مصرف بر عملکرد و صفات مرتبط با کیفیت دانه دو رقم گندم نان. مجله به زراعی نهال و بذر. شماره 2(2): 132-119.

Alda, L. M., A.Lazureanu, D. Baluta,  C. Sirbulescu, and I. Gogoasa.  2010. Wet gluten analysis depending on cultivar, fertilization, herbicide application and climate conditions in winter wheat. J. Horti and Bio technol. 14 (2): 23-26.

Cakmak, I., W. H. Pfeiffer and B. Clafferty. 2010. Biofortification of durum wheat with zinc and iron. Cereal Chemistry. 87 (1): 10- 20.

Galili, G., G. Tang X. Zhu and B. Gakiere. 2001.  Lysine catabolism: a stress and development super regulated metabolic pathway. Plant Biol.  4: 261-266.

Gonzalez-Lopez, J., V. Salmeron, J.  Moreno, and A. Cormenzana. 1983.  Amino acids and vitamins produced by Azotobacter vinelandii ATCC 12837 in chemically defined media and dialyzed soil media. Soil Biol. and Bioch. 15: 711-713.

Haji Nia, S., M. J. Zarea,  F. Rejala and A. Varma. 2012. Yield and yield components of wheat as affected by salinity and inoculation with Azospirillum strains for saline or non-saline soil. J. Sau. Agric. Sci. 11: 113-121. 

Karimian, N. 1995. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on zinc nutrition of corn in a calcareous soil. J.Plant and soil.18: 2261- 2271.

Kheirizadeh Arough, Y., R.Seyed Sharifi, M. Sedghi and M. Barmaki. 2016.  Effect of Zinc and bio-fertilizers on antioxidant enzymes activity, chlorophyll content, soluble sugars and proline in Triticale under salinity condition.J. Bot. Horti. Agro. 44 (1): 116-124.

Mann, J., B. Schiedt, A. Baumann, B. Conde and T. Vilgis. 2014. Effect of heat treatment on wheat dough rheologhy and wheat protein solubility. Food Sci. Technol. 20(5): 341-351.

Olama V.,  A. Ronaghi,  N. Karimian,  J. Yasrebi, R. Hamidi,  M. Tavajjoh and M. Kazemi. 2014. Seed quality and micronutrient contents and translocations in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) as affected by nitrogen and zinc fertilizers. Agron. and Soil Sci. 60:423-435.

 Pirasteh- Anosheh, H., Y. Emam and A. Khaliq. 2016. Response of cereals to Cycocel application. Iran. Agric. Res. 35 (1): 1-12.

Rajala, A. 2004. Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands. Agric.and Food Sci. 13: 186- 197.

Rengel, Z. and R. D. Graham.1995.Importance of seed Zn content for wheat growth on Zn deficient soil. J. Plant and Soil.173: 259- 266.

Shekoofa, A. and Y. Emam, 2008.Effects  of  nitrogen fertilization and plant growth regulators (PGRs) on yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. Shiraz. J.  Agric. Sci. and Technol.10: 101-108.

Singh, K. K. 2014. Response of  Zinc fertilization to wheat on yield, quality, nutrients uptake and soil fertility grown in a zinc deficient soil. Eur. J. Academic Essays 1(1): 22-26.

Yilmaz, A., H. Ekis, I.  Gultekin,  B. Tourn,  H. Barut, S.  Karanlik  and I. Cakmak. 1998. Effect of seed zinc content on grain yield and zinc concentration of wheat grown in zinc deficient calcareous soils. J. Plant Nutri. 21: 2257-2264