تأثیر منابع مختلف پروتئینی در جیره فلاشینگ بر برخی از پارامترهای خونی و عملکرد تولیدمثلی گوسفند قزل

Subject Areas : Camel

ح.  دقیق کیا ¹ (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran)
آ.  احمدفاضل ² (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran)
ع.  حسین خانی ³ (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran)

Received: 2014-10-28 Accepted : 2016-05-15 Published : 2016-09-01

Keywords: عملکرد تولیدمثلی, جیره فلاشینگ, تجزیه‌پذیری پروتئین, گوسفند قزل,

Abstract :

به منظور مطالعه اثر منابع مختلف مکمل­های نیتروژنی در جیره فلاشینگ بر عملکرد تولیدمثلی، شصت میش قزل (5/3 ساله) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایش به پنج گروه تقسیم شدند: گروه A: اوره؛ گروه B: کنجاله سویا (SBM)؛ گروه C: کنجاله گلوتن ذرت (CGM)؛ گروه D: دانه جو و گروه E: کنترل یا جیره پایه (بدون فلاشینگ). مقدار نیتروژن و انرژی در هر چهار گروه دریافت­کننده جیره فلاشینگ تقریبا یکسان بود (پروتئین خام (CP)=5/10 درصد؛ انرژی قابل متابولیسم (ME): 1/2 Mcal/kg). گروه دریافت­کننده کنجاله گلوتن ذرت و کنترل به ترتیب بالاترین و پائین­ترین تعداد بره متولد شده را داشتند (16 در مقابل 9 بره). در گروه­های دریافت­کننده جیره­های فلاشینگ، میانگین مقادیر گلوکز، پروتئین و انسولین سرم خون نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش داشت؛ اما بیشترین مقادیر گلوکز، انسولین، کلسترول و BUN به ترتیب در تیمارهای دریافت­کننده جیره با کنجاله سویا، گلوتن ذرت، دانه جو و اوره مشاهده شد. استفاده از منابع مناسب پروتئینی در جیره فلاشینگ مخصوصاً پروتئین­های عبوری یا غیر قابل تجزیه در شکمبه (نظیر کنجاله گلوتن ذرت)، می­تواند باعث بهبود عملکرد تولیدمثلی و بهره­وری گله شده و سود پرورش دهندگان گوسفند را به بیشترین میزان خود برساند.

References:

Adashi E.Y., Hsueh A.J. and Yen S.S. (1981). Insulin enhancement of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone release by cultured pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 108, 1441-1449.

Al-Haboby A.H., Salman A.D. and Abdul Kareem T.A. (1999). Influence of protein supplementation on reproductive traits of Awassi sheep grazing cereal stubble. Small Rumin. Res. 34, 33-40.

Amanlou H., Karimi A., Mahjoubi E. and Milis C. (2011). Effects of supplementation with digestible undegradable protein in late pregnancy on ewe colostrums production and lamb output to weaning. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 95, 616-622.

Beam S.W. and Holcombe D.W. (1992). Effects of insulin administration during follicular growth serum glucose and hormone profiles in ewe-lambs. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 72, 421-426.

Daghigh Kia H., Mohamadi Chapdareh W., HosseinKhani A., Moghaddam G., Rashid A., Sadri H. and Alijani S. (2012). Effects of flushing and hormonal treatment on reproductive performance of Iranian Markhoz goats. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 96, 1157-1164.

Danfaer A., Tetens V. and Agergaard N. (1995). Review and an experimental study on the physiological and quantitative aspects of gluconeogenesis in lactating ruminants. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B: Biochem. Mol. Biol. 111, 201-110.

Downing J.A., Joss J. and Scaramuzzi R.J. (1995). A mixture of the branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine increases ovulation rate in ewes when infused during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle: an effect that may be mediated by insulin. J. Endocrinol. 145, 315-323.

Ferguson J.D., Blanchard T.L., Shotzberger S. and Chalupa W. (1986). Effect of rumen degradable protein on infertility. J. Dairy Sci. 69(1), 121-130.

Garlick P.J. (2005). The role of leucine in the regulation of protein metabolism. J. Nutr. 135, 1553-1556.

Hinch G.N. and Roelofs J.H.W. (1986). Lupin feeding and insulin infusion during late luteal phase can increase ovulation rate in sheep. Proc. Australian Soc. Reprod. Biol. 18, 43-50.

Horino M., Machlin L.J., Hertelendy F. and Kipnis D.M. (1968). Effect of short-chain fatty acids on plasma insulin in ruminant and nonruminant species. Endocrinolology. 83, 118-128.

Jahani-Moghadam M., Amanlou H. and Nikkhah A. (2009). Metabolic and productive response to ruminal protein degradability in early lactation cows fed untreated or xylose-treated soybean meal-based diets. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 93, 777-786.

Kaim M., Folman Y., Neumark H. and Kaufmann W. (1983). The effect of protein intake and lactation number on postpartum body weight loss and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Anim. Prod. 37, 229-235.

Kaur H. and Arora S.P. (1995). Dietary effects on ruminant livestock reproduction with particular reference to protein. Nutr. Res. Rev. 8, 121-136.

Kelly J.M., Park H., Summers M. and Milligan L.P. (1993). Interactions between protein and energy metabolism. Pp. 341-362 in Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism. J.M. Forbes and J. France, Eds. CAB Int., Oxford, UK.

Kirchick H.J., Keyes P.L. and Frye B.E. (1982). Restoration of the LH surge and ovulation by insulin in alloxan-diabetic immature rats treated with pregnant mare’s serum gonadotrophin. Acta Endocrinol. 100, 266-273.

Kuhara T., Ikeda S., Aohneda A. and Sasaki Y. (1991). Effects of intravenous infusion of 17 amino acids on the secretion of GH, glucagon and insulin in sheep. Am. J. Physiol. 260, 21-26.

Landau S., Houghton J.A., Mawhinney J.R. and Inskeep E.K. (1996). Protein sources affect follicular dynamics in ewes near the onset of the breeding season. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 8, 1021-1028.

Layman D.K. (2003). The role of leucine in weight loss diets and glucose homeostasis. J. Nutr. 133, 261-267.

Madibela O.R., McEvoy T.G., Robinson J.J., Findlay P.A., Aitken R.P. and Robertson I.S. (1995). Excess rumen degradable protein influences the rate of development and glucose metabolism of fertilized sheep ova. Anim. Sci. 60, 536-537.

Marais W.J. (2011). The influence of flush feeding with different nitrogen sources on ovulation and conception rates in Dohne-Merino ewes. MS Thesis. University of Pretoria. South Africa.

Mcdonald P., Edwards R.A., Greenhalgh J.F.D. and Morgan C.A. (1995). Animal Nutrition. Longman, Harlow, UK.

Merchen N.R. and Titgemeyer E.C. (1992). Manipulation of Amino Acid supply to the growing ruminant. J. Anim. Sci. 70, 3238-3247.

Milis C., Liamadis D., Roubies N., Christodoulou V. and Glouseljiannis A. (2005). Comparison of corn gluten products and a soybean-bran mixture as sources of protein for lactating Chios ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 58, 237-244.

Miller D.W., Blache D., Boukhliq R., Curlewis J.D. and Martin G.B. (1998). Central metabolic messengers and the effects of nutrition on gonadotrophin secretion in sheep. Reproduction. 112, 347-356.

Molle G., Branca S., Ligios S., Sitzia M., Casu S., Landau S. and Zoref Z. (1995). Effect of grazing background and flushing supplementation on reproductive performance in Sarda ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 17, 245-254.

NRC. (1985). Nutrient Requirements of Sheep. 6^thEd.NationalAcademy Press, Washington, DC, USA.

NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7^thEd.NationalAcademy Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Ocak N., Cam M.A. and Kuran M. (2006). The influence of pre- and post-mating protein supplementation on reproduction performance in ewes maintained on rangeland. Small Rumin. Rese. 64, 16-21.

Putnam D.E., Varga G.A. and Green M.H. (1999). Glucose kinetic responses to protein supplementation and exogenous somatotropin in late gestation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 82, 1274-1281.

Rattray P.V. (1982). Feeding management for flushing: don’t miss profitable opportunities. New Zealand J. Agric. 144, 30-32.

Rhind S.M. (1992). Nutrition: its effects on reproductive performance and its hormonal control in female sheep and goats. Pp. 10-13 in Progress in Sheep and Goat Research. A.W. Speedy, Ed. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.

Reilly P.E.B. and Ford E.J.H. (1971). The effects of different dietary contents of protein on amino acid and glucose production and on the contribution of amino acids to gluconeogenesis in sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 26, 249-263.

Robinson J.J., Ashworth C.J., Rooke J.A., Mitchell L.M. and McEvoy T.G. (2006). Nutrition and fertility in ruminant livestock. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 126, 259-276.

Rusche W.C., Cochran R.C., Corah L.R., Stevenson J.S., Harmon D.L., Brandt R.T. and Minton J.E. (1993). Influence of source and amount of dietary protein on performance, blood metabolites, and reproductive function of primiparous beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 71, 557-563.

Sabra H.A. and Hasan S.G. (2008). Effect of new regime of nutritional flushing on reproductive performances of Egyptian Barki ewes. Global Vet. 2, 28-31.

SAS Institute. (2003). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Scaramuzzi R.J., Campbell B.K., Downing J.A., Kendall N.R., Khalid M., Muñoz-Gutiérrez M. and Somchit A. (2006). A review on the effects of supplementary nutrition in the ewe on the concentration of reproductive and metabolic hormones and the mechanisms that regulate folliculogenesis and ovulation rate. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 46, 339-354.

Tagari H., Arieli A., Mabjeesh S., Bruckental I., Zamwell S. and Aharoni Y. (1995). Assessment of duodenal amino acid profile in dairy cows by the in situ method. Livest. Prod. Sci. 42, 13-22.

Thomas G.B., Oldham C.M. and Martin G.B. (1984). Frequency of luteinizing hormone release in Merino ewes with one or two ovulations. Pp. 41-57 in Reproduction in Sheep. D.R. Lindsy and D.T. Pearce, Eds. Australian wool corporation, Canberra.

UdumD.C., Cetin M., Balc F., Gunes N. and Hecer C. (2008). Effects of plasma insulin, glucose and NEFA concentrations of feeding frequency during long term in lambs. J. Biol. Environ. Sci. 2, 45-51.

Usami M., Seino Y., Seino S., Takemura J., Nakahara H., Ikeda M. and Imura H. (1982). Effect of high protein diet on insulin and glucagon secretion in normal rats. J. Nutr. 112, 681-685.

Van Houten M., Posner B.I., Kopriwa B.M. and Brawer J.R. (1979). Insulin binding sites in the rat brain: in vivo localization to the circumventricular organs by quantitative radioautography. Endocrinology. 105, 666-673.

Venter J.L. and Greyling J.P.C. (1994). Effect of different periods of flushing and synchronized mating on body weight, blood glucose and reproductive performance in spring-mated ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 13, 257-261.

Walton J.S. and King G.J. (1986). Indicators of estrus in Holstein cows housed in tie stalls. J. Dairy Sci. 69, 2966-2973.

Wentzel D. (1986). Improved small stock production- collaboration between scientist and producer. South African J. Anim. Sci. 16, 123-126.

Young J.W. (1977). Gluconeogenesis in cattle: significance and methodology. J. Dairy Sci. 60, 1-15.