عملکرد، وضعیت سلامتی و میزان آغوز میش‪های دوقلوزای افشاری و رشد و زنده‪مانی بره‪‪های آن تحت تأثیر افزایش پروتئین قابل متابولیسم جیره در اواخر آبستنی قرار نمی‪گیرد

Subject Areas : Camel

س.س. موسوی ¹ , ح. امانلو ² , ع. نیکخواه ³ , ح.ر. میرزایی الموتی ⁴ , ع.م. تهرانی ⁵

1 - Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
5 - Department of Nutrition and Physiology, Animal Science Research Institute, Karaj Iran

Received: 2015-07-11 Accepted : 2015-09-30 Published : 2016-06-01

Keywords: تغذیه, گوسفند, آبستنی, عملکرد بره, پروتئین قابل متابولیسم,

Abstract :

هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثر دو سطح پروتئین قابل متابولیسم (MP) جیره غذایی در اواخر آبستنی بر عملکرد و وضعیت سلامتی میش‪های افشاری و زنده‪مانی و رشد بره‪ها بود. از 6 هفته قبل از زایش، 32 رأس میش افشاری به طور تصادفی به دو تیمار غذایی اختصاص یافتند، که حاوی غلظت پروتئین قابل متابولیسم کم (LMP) یا زیاد (HMP) بودند. میش‪ها به طور انفرادی در LMP (16 رأس) و در HMP (16 رأس) به صورت ایزوکالریک (39/2 مگاکالری در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) تغذیه شدند که به ترتیب شامل 4/99 و 5/116 گرم پروتئین خام (CP) و 5/70 گرم و 6/84 گرم پروتئین قابل متابولیسم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک (DM) بود غلظتMP  جیره غذایی در اواخر آبستنی، بر تغییرات وزن بدن و نمره وضعیت بدنی میش‪ها و همچنین بر غلظت گلوکز، پروتئین کل، اسیدهای چرب آزاد غیر استریفیه (NEFA)، بتا هیدروکسی بوتیرات (bHBA)، انسولین، حساسیت به انسولین و تعداد کل گلبول‪های سفید خون (WBC)، گلبول‪های قرمز خون (RBC) و سایر سلول‪های خون تأثیر نداشت. همینطور، مقدار و ترکیب آغوز به دست آمده در 24 ساعت اول پس از زایمان با سطحMP  تغییر نیافت در نتیجه افزایش غلظت MP جیره غذایی بیشتر از نیاز استاندارد در 6 هفته قبل از زایش هیچ سودی برای میش‪های دوقلوزا و بره‪های آنها از لحاظ عملکرد تولید و شاخص‪های سلامت نداشت.

References:

Aliyari D., Moeini M.M., Shahir M.H. and Sirjani M.A. (2012). Effect of body condition score, live weight and age on reproductive performance of Afshari ewes. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 7, 904-909.

Amanlou H., Karimi A., Mahjoubi E. and Milis C. (2011). Effects of supplementation with digestible undegradable protein in late pregnancy on ewe colostrum production and lamb output to weaning. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 95, 616-622.

Annett R.W., Carson A.F. and Dawson L.E.R. (2005). The effect of digestible undegradable protein (DUP) content of concentrates on colostrum production and lamb performance of triplet-bearing ewes on grass-based diets during late pregnancy. Anim. Sci. 80, 101-110.

Annett R.W., Carson A.F. and Dawson L.E.R. (2008). Effects of digestible undegradable protein (DUP) supply and fish oil supplementation of ewes during late pregnancy on colostrums production and lamb output. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 146, 270-288.

AOAC. (2006). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 18^th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.

Bell A.W. (1995). Regulation of organic nutrient metabolism during transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. J. Anim. Sci. 73, 2804-2819.

Benirschke K. (1961). Examination of the Placenta, Prepared for the Collaborative Study on Celebral Palsy, Mental Retardarism and Other Neurological and Sensory Disorders of Infancy and Childhood. Public Health Service, USA.

Cannas A., Tedeschi L.O., Fox D.G., Pell A.N. and Van Soest P.J. (2004). A mechanistic model to predict nutrient requirements and feed biological values for sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 82, 149-169.

Cozzi P.G., Prevedello A.L., Stefani A., Piron B., Contiero A., Lante F., Gottardo E. and Chevaux. (2011). Effect of dietary supplementation with different sources of selenium on growth response, selenium blood levels and meat quality of intensively finished Charolais young bulls. Animal. 5, 1531-1538.

Dawson L.E.R., Carson A.F. and Kilpatrick D.J. (1999). The effect of digestible undegradable protein concentration of concentrates and protein source offered to ewes in late pregnancy on colostrum production and lamb performance. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 82, 21-36.

De Louis C., Djiane J., Houdebine L.M. and Terqui M. (1980). Relation between hormones and mammary gland function. J. Dairy Sci. 63, 1492-1513.

Ganong W.F. (1975). Review of Medical Physiology. Published by Lange Med Publ, Los Altos, California.

Hatfield P.G., Snowder G.D., Head J.W.A., Glimp H.A., Stobart R.H. and Besser T. (1995). Production by ewes rearing single or twin lambs: effects of dietary crude protein percentage and supplemental zinc methionine. J. Anim. Sci. 73, 1227-1238.

Houdijk J.G.M., Kyriazakis I., Jackson F., Huntley J.F. and Coop R.L. (2000). Can an increased intake of metabolizable protein affect the periparturient relaxation in immunity against Teladorsagia circumcincta in sheep. Vet. Parasitol. 91, 43-62.

Jordan E.R., Chapman T.E., Holtan D.W. and Swanson L.V. (1983). Relationship of dietary crude protein to composition of uterine secretions and blood in high-producing postpartum dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 66, 1854-1862.

MAFF. (1990). UK Tables of nutritive value and chemical composition of feeding-stuffs. Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK.

McNeill T.H., Mori N. and Cheng H.W. (1999). Differential regulation of the rowth-associated proteins, GAP-43 and SCG-10, in response to unilateral cortical ablation in adult rats. Neuroscience. 90, 1349-1360.

McNeill D.M., Sepetis R., Ehrhardt R.A., Smith D.M. and Bell A.W. (1997). Protein requirement of sheep in late pregnancy: partitioning of nitrogen between gravid uterus and maternal tissues. J. Anim. Sci. 75, 809-816.

Milis C., Liamadis D., Roubies N., Christodoulou V. and Giouseljiannis A. (2005). Comparison of corn gluten products and a soybean-bran mixture as sources of protein for lactating Chios ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 58, 237-244.

MoallemU., Altmark G., Lehrer H. and Arieli A. (2010). Performance of high-yielding dairy cows supplemented with fat or concentrate under hot and humid climates. J. Dairy Sci. 93, 3192-3202.

Muniyappa R., Lee S., Chen H. (2008). Current approaches for assessing insulin sensitivity and resistance in vivo: advantages, limitations, and appropriate usage. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 294(1), 15-26.

Nonnecke B.J., Foote M.R., Smith J.M., Pesch B.A. and Van Amburgh M.E. (2003). Composition  and  functional  capacity  of  blood  mononuclear  leukocyte  populations  from  neonatal calves on standard and intensified milk replacer diets. J. Dairy Sci. 86, 3592-3604.

NRC. (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids and New World Camelids. NationalAcademy Press, Washington, DC, USA.

Ocak N., Cam M.A. and Kuran M. (2005). The effect of high dietary protein levels during late gestation on colostrum yield and lamb survival rate in singleton–bearing ewes. Small Rumin. Res. 56, 89-96.

O’Doherty J.V. and Crosby T.F. (1996). The effect of diet in late pregnancy on progesterone concentration and colostrum yield in ewes. Theriogenology. 46, 233-241.

Orr R.J. and Treacher T.T. (1984). The effect of concentrate level on intakes of hays by ewes in late pregnancy. Anim. Prod. 39, 89-98.

Overton T.R. (1999). Energy Nutrition of Transition Dairy Cows. Animal Science Mimeograph Series Publication. New York.

Persijn J.P. and Vander Slik W. (1976). A new method for the determination of gamma-glutamyl-transferase in serum. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 141, 421-427.

Pisek L., Travnicek J., Salat J., Kroupova V. and Soch M. (2008). Changes in white blood cells in sheep blood during selenium supplementation. Vet. Med. 53, 255-259.

Purroy A. and Jaime C. (1995). The response of lactating and dry ewes to energy intake and protein source in the diet. Small Rumin. Res. 17, 17-24.

Robinson J.J. (1985). Nutritional requirements of the pregnant and lactating ewe. Pp. 361-371 in Genetics of Reproduction in Sheep. R.B.Land and D.W. Robinson, Eds. Butterworths, London.

Robinson P.H., Chalupa W., Sniffen C.J., Julien W.E., Sato H., Watanabe K.,  Fujieda T. and Suzuki H. (1998). Ruminally protected lysine or lysine and methionine for lactating dairy cows fed a ration designed to meet requirements for microbial and postruminal protein. J. Dairy Sci. 81, 1364-1373.

Russell A.J.F., Doney J.M. and Gunn R.G. (1969). Subjective assessment of body fat in live sheep. J. Agric. Sci. 72, 451-454.

SAS Institute. (2003). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Schalm O.W., Jain N.C. and Carrol E.J. (1975). Veterinary Haematology. Lea and Febiger Publications, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Schlumbom C., Sporleder H.P., Gurtler H. and Harmeyer J. (1997). The influence of insulin on metabolism of glucose, free fatty acids and glycerol in normo and hypocalcaemic ewes during different reproductive stages. Deut. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. 104, 359-365.

Schoenberg K.M. and Overton T.R. (2012). Effects of plane of nutrition and 2,4-thiazolidinedione on insulin responses and adipose tissue gene expression in dairy cattle during late gestation. J. Dairy Sci. 95, 670-682.

SymondsM.E. and Clarke L. (1996). Nutrition-environment interactions in pregnancy. Nutr. Res. Rev. 9, 135-148.

Van Emon M.L., Schauer C.S., Lekatz L.A., Eckerman S.R., Carlin K.M. and Vonnahme K.A. (2014). Supplementing metabolizable protein to ewes during late gestation: I. Effects on ewe performance and offspring performance from birth to weaning. J. Anim. Sci. 92, 339-348.

Vatankhah M., Talebi M.A. and Zamani F. (2012). Relationship between ewe body condition score (BCS) at mating and reproductive and productive traits in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 106, 105-109.