Evaluation of serumic concentration of Haptoglobin and Serum Amyloid A in horses affected with strangles
Subject Areas :
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
A. Hassanpour
1
,
H.R. Alipour Kheirkhah
2
,
S. Moghaddam
3
1 - Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 - Graduate of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
3 - Graduate of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran.
Received: 2017-03-13
Accepted : 2017-11-15
Published : 2017-11-22
Keywords:
horse,
Acute phase protein,
Strangles,
Abstract :
This study was conducted on 29 horses with strangles and 27 healthy horses (negative culture) in order to investigate the serumic concentration of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in stables of Tabriz area in Iran. Sick horses were detected by clinical and laboratory (culture of nasal discharge) findings. Blood samples were subsequently collected from the jugular vein in all horses and serum was separated. The concentration of acute phase proteins (Haptoglobin and Serum Amyloid A) were measured in all samples. Mean Serum Amyloid A in affected and healthy horses was 2749.13±569.95 mg/dl and 1602.97±357.76 mg/dl respectively. Mean serumic levels of Haptoglobin in affected and healthy horses was 1258.20±244.01 mg/dl and 721.97±187.18 mg/dl respectively. Average of both parameters in affected horses was significantly higher than the healthy group (in both p=0.000). There was no significant correlation between the measured parameters in diseased horses (p=0.158 & r=0.269). In conclusion, strangles induces increase in the serumic concentration of acute phase proteins which must be considered in the treatment of affected horses.
References:
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Browning, L.M., Krebs, J.D. and Jebb, S.A. (2004). Discrimination ratio analysis of inflammatory markers: implications for the study of inflammation in chronic disease. Metabolism, 53(7):899-903.
Carter, J.N., Meredith, G.L., Montelongo, M., Gill, D.R., Krehbiel, C.R., Payton, M.E., et al. (2002). Relationship of vitamin E supplementation and antimicrobial treatment with acute-phase protein responses in cattle affected by naturally acquired respiratory tract disease. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 63(8): 1111-1117.
Chavan, M., Kawle, P.D. and Mehta, N.G. (2005). Increased sialylation and defucosylation of plasma proteins are early events in the acute phase response. Glycobiology, 15(3): 838-848.
Chavatte, P.M., Pepys, M.B. and Roberts, B. (1992). Measurement of serum amyloid A concentration as an aid to differential diagnosis of infection in newborn foals. Equine Infections Disease, VI: 33-38.
Cohen, N.D., Chaffin, M.K., Vandenplas, M., Edwards, R.E., Nevill, M. and Martens, R.J. (2005). Study of serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations as a means of achieving early diagnosis of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals. Equine Veterinary Journal, 37(3): 212-216.
Davidson, A., Traub-Dargatz, J.L. and Magnuson, R. (2008). Lack of correlation between antibody titers to fibrinogen-binding protein of Streptococcus equi and persistent carriers of strangles. Journal of Veterinary Diagnosis Investigation, 20(4): 457-462.
Eckersal, P.D. (2000). Recent advances and future prospects for the use of acute phase proteins and markers of disease in animals. Revue de Medecine Veterinaire, 151(7): 577-584.
Fagliari, J.J., McClenahan, D., Evanson, O.A. and Weiss, D.J. (1998). Changes in plasma protein concentrations in ponies with experimentally induced alimentary laminitis. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 59(10): 1234-1237.
Goodall, J. and Kent, J.E. (1991). Assessment of an immunoturbidimetric method for measuring equine serum haptoglobin concentrations. Equine Veterinary Journal, 23(1): 59-66.
Guss, B., Flock, M. and Frykberg, L. (2009). Getting to grips with strangles: an effective multicomponent recombinant vaccine for the protection of horses from Streptococcus equi infection. PLoS Pathogens, 5(9):e1000584.
Hultén, C. and Demmers, S. (2002). Serum Amyloid A (SAA) as an Aid in the Management of Infectious Disease in the Foal: Comparison with Total Leucocyte Count, Neutrophil Count and Fibrinogen. Equine Veterinary Journal, 34(7): 693-698.
Hultén, C., Gronlund, U., Hirvonen, J., Tulamo, R.M., Suominen, M.M., Marhaug, G., et al. (2002). Dynamics in serum of the inflammatory markers serum Amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, Fibrinogen and alpha 2- globulins during induced noninfectious arthritis in the horse. Equine Veterinary Journal, 34(7): 699-704.
Hultén, C., Sandgren, B., Skioldebrand, E., Klingeborn, B., Marhaug, G. and Forsberg, M. (1999). The acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) as an inflammatory marker in equine influenza virus infection. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 40(4): 323-323.
Jacobsen, S., Thomsen, M.H. and Nanni, S. (2006). Concentrations of Serum Amyloid A in Serum and Synovial Fluid from Healthy Horses and Horses with Joint Disease. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 67(10): 1738-1742.
Milne, E.M., Doxey, D.L. and Kent, J.E. (1991). Clinical and biochemical features of grass sickness (equine dysautonomia). Equine Veterinary Journal, 23(5): 360-364.
Newton, J.R., Verheyen, K. and Talbot, N.C. (2000). Control of strangles outbreaks by isolation of guttural pouch carriers identified using PCR and cultures of Streptococcus equi. Equine Veterinary Journal, 32(6): 515-516.
Pellegrini Masini, A., Tedeschi, D. and Baragli, P. (2003). Exercise-induced intravascular haemolysis in standardbred horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, 12(4): 45-48.
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Pihl, T.H., Andersen, P., Kjelgaard-Hansen, M., Morck, N. and Jacobsen, S. (2013). Serum amyloid A and haptoglobin concentrations in serum and peritoneal fluid of healthy horses and horses with acute abdominal pain. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 42(2): 177-183.
Pollock, P.J., Prendergast, M., Schumacher, J. and Bellenger, C.R. (2005). Effects of surgery on the acute response in clinically normal and diseased horses. Veterinary Record, 156(17): 538-542.
Skinner, J.G., Brown, R. and Roberts, L. (1991). Bovine haptoglobin response in clinically defined field conditions. Veterinary Record, 128(7): 147-149.
Skinner, J.G. and Roberts, L. (1994). Haptoglobin as an indicator of infection in sheep. Veterinary Record, 134(4): 33-36.
Stephen, M., Reed, B., Warwick, M., Bayly, D.C. and Sellon, S. (2004). Equine Internal Medicine. 2nd ed., Elsevier, pp: 429-432.
Stoneham, S.J., Palmer, L., Cash, R. and Rossdale, P.D. (2001). Measurement of serum amyloid A in the neonatal foal using a latex agglutination immunoturbidimetric assay: determination of the normal range, variation with age and response to disease. Equine Veterinary Journal, 33(6): 599-603.
Sweeney, C.R., Timoney, J.F. and Newton, R. (2005). Streptococcus equi infections in horses: guidelines for treatment, control and prevention of strangles. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 19(1): 123-134.
Timoney, J.F. and Kumar, P. (2008). Early pathogenesis of equine Streptococcus equi infection (strangles). Equine Veterinary Journal, 40(7): 637-640.
Uchida, E., Katoh, N. and Takahashi, K. (1993). Appearance of haptoglobin in serum from cows at parturition. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Science, 55(5): 893-894.
Vandenplas, M.L., Moore, J.N. and Barton, M.H. (2005). Concentrations of serum amyloid A and lipopoly saccharide-binding in horses with colic. Animal Journal of Veterinary Research, 66(9): 1509-1516
Weese, J.S., Jarlot, C. and Morley, P.S. (2009): Survival of Streptococus equi on surfaces in an outdoor environment. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 50(9): 968-970.
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Boyle, A.G., Sweeney, C.R. and Kristula, M. (2009). Factors associated with likelihood of horses having a high serum Streptococcus equi SeM-specific antibody titer. Journal of American Veterinary Medicine Association, 235(8): 973-977.
Browning, L.M., Krebs, J.D. and Jebb, S.A. (2004). Discrimination ratio analysis of inflammatory markers: implications for the study of inflammation in chronic disease. Metabolism, 53(7):899-903.
Carter, J.N., Meredith, G.L., Montelongo, M., Gill, D.R., Krehbiel, C.R., Payton, M.E., et al. (2002). Relationship of vitamin E supplementation and antimicrobial treatment with acute-phase protein responses in cattle affected by naturally acquired respiratory tract disease. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 63(8): 1111-1117.
Chavan, M., Kawle, P.D. and Mehta, N.G. (2005). Increased sialylation and defucosylation of plasma proteins are early events in the acute phase response. Glycobiology, 15(3): 838-848.
Chavatte, P.M., Pepys, M.B. and Roberts, B. (1992). Measurement of serum amyloid A concentration as an aid to differential diagnosis of infection in newborn foals. Equine Infections Disease, VI: 33-38.
Cohen, N.D., Chaffin, M.K., Vandenplas, M., Edwards, R.E., Nevill, M. and Martens, R.J. (2005). Study of serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations as a means of achieving early diagnosis of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals. Equine Veterinary Journal, 37(3): 212-216.
Davidson, A., Traub-Dargatz, J.L. and Magnuson, R. (2008). Lack of correlation between antibody titers to fibrinogen-binding protein of Streptococcus equi and persistent carriers of strangles. Journal of Veterinary Diagnosis Investigation, 20(4): 457-462.
Eckersal, P.D. (2000). Recent advances and future prospects for the use of acute phase proteins and markers of disease in animals. Revue de Medecine Veterinaire, 151(7): 577-584.
Fagliari, J.J., McClenahan, D., Evanson, O.A. and Weiss, D.J. (1998). Changes in plasma protein concentrations in ponies with experimentally induced alimentary laminitis. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 59(10): 1234-1237.
Goodall, J. and Kent, J.E. (1991). Assessment of an immunoturbidimetric method for measuring equine serum haptoglobin concentrations. Equine Veterinary Journal, 23(1): 59-66.
Guss, B., Flock, M. and Frykberg, L. (2009). Getting to grips with strangles: an effective multicomponent recombinant vaccine for the protection of horses from Streptococcus equi infection. PLoS Pathogens, 5(9):e1000584.
Hultén, C. and Demmers, S. (2002). Serum Amyloid A (SAA) as an Aid in the Management of Infectious Disease in the Foal: Comparison with Total Leucocyte Count, Neutrophil Count and Fibrinogen. Equine Veterinary Journal, 34(7): 693-698.
Hultén, C., Gronlund, U., Hirvonen, J., Tulamo, R.M., Suominen, M.M., Marhaug, G., et al. (2002). Dynamics in serum of the inflammatory markers serum Amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, Fibrinogen and alpha 2- globulins during induced noninfectious arthritis in the horse. Equine Veterinary Journal, 34(7): 699-704.
Hultén, C., Sandgren, B., Skioldebrand, E., Klingeborn, B., Marhaug, G. and Forsberg, M. (1999). The acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) as an inflammatory marker in equine influenza virus infection. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 40(4): 323-323.
Jacobsen, S., Thomsen, M.H. and Nanni, S. (2006). Concentrations of Serum Amyloid A in Serum and Synovial Fluid from Healthy Horses and Horses with Joint Disease. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 67(10): 1738-1742.
Milne, E.M., Doxey, D.L. and Kent, J.E. (1991). Clinical and biochemical features of grass sickness (equine dysautonomia). Equine Veterinary Journal, 23(5): 360-364.
Newton, J.R., Verheyen, K. and Talbot, N.C. (2000). Control of strangles outbreaks by isolation of guttural pouch carriers identified using PCR and cultures of Streptococcus equi. Equine Veterinary Journal, 32(6): 515-516.
Pellegrini Masini, A., Tedeschi, D. and Baragli, P. (2003). Exercise-induced intravascular haemolysis in standardbred horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, 12(4): 45-48.
Petersen, H.H., Nielsen, J.P. and Heegaard, P.M. (2004). Application of acute phase protein measurements in veterinary clinical chemistry. Veterinary Research, 35(2): 163-187.
Pihl, T.H., Andersen, P., Kjelgaard-Hansen, M., Morck, N. and Jacobsen, S. (2013). Serum amyloid A and haptoglobin concentrations in serum and peritoneal fluid of healthy horses and horses with acute abdominal pain. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 42(2): 177-183.
Pollock, P.J., Prendergast, M., Schumacher, J. and Bellenger, C.R. (2005). Effects of surgery on the acute response in clinically normal and diseased horses. Veterinary Record, 156(17): 538-542.
Skinner, J.G., Brown, R. and Roberts, L. (1991). Bovine haptoglobin response in clinically defined field conditions. Veterinary Record, 128(7): 147-149.
Skinner, J.G. and Roberts, L. (1994). Haptoglobin as an indicator of infection in sheep. Veterinary Record, 134(4): 33-36.
Stephen, M., Reed, B., Warwick, M., Bayly, D.C. and Sellon, S. (2004). Equine Internal Medicine. 2nd ed., Elsevier, pp: 429-432.
Stoneham, S.J., Palmer, L., Cash, R. and Rossdale, P.D. (2001). Measurement of serum amyloid A in the neonatal foal using a latex agglutination immunoturbidimetric assay: determination of the normal range, variation with age and response to disease. Equine Veterinary Journal, 33(6): 599-603.
Sweeney, C.R., Timoney, J.F. and Newton, R. (2005). Streptococcus equi infections in horses: guidelines for treatment, control and prevention of strangles. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 19(1): 123-134.
Timoney, J.F. and Kumar, P. (2008). Early pathogenesis of equine Streptococcus equi infection (strangles). Equine Veterinary Journal, 40(7): 637-640.
Uchida, E., Katoh, N. and Takahashi, K. (1993). Appearance of haptoglobin in serum from cows at parturition. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Science, 55(5): 893-894.
Vandenplas, M.L., Moore, J.N. and Barton, M.H. (2005). Concentrations of serum amyloid A and lipopoly saccharide-binding in horses with colic. Animal Journal of Veterinary Research, 66(9): 1509-1516
Weese, J.S., Jarlot, C. and Morley, P.S. (2009): Survival of Streptococus equi on surfaces in an outdoor environment. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 50(9): 968-970.
