Investigation of Cadmium on Some Biochemical Indices of the Farmed Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

Subject Areas : Marine Biology

Mahzad  Shakoori ¹ (Student in azad sience and research)
S.  Abdali ² (Dept. of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch)
S.  Shokohi ³ (Dept. of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch)

Received: 2017-04-15 Accepted : 2017-08-03 Published : 2017-08-23

Keywords: Protein, Cadmium, Cholesterol, glucose, albumin, Triglyceride, Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix),

Abstract :

The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity effect of Cadmium heavy metal on some serological parameters of Silver carp which have been in the vicinity of cadmium for a short term. In this study a total of 135 fish with mean weight of 50±10grand mean length of 13±1cm were placed in 9 aquariums of 90-liter capacity, in contact with 0.5 and 10 mg/L of CdCl2.Sampling of fishwas done randomly every 12 hours until 96 hours from caudal vein. The results showed that, the level of triglyceride in 24 and 48 hours decreased significantly, but showed no significant increase in 72 hours. The level of cholesterol increased significantly at 72 and 96 hours with increasing the concentration of cadmium (P<0/05). Glucose level increased significantly in 72 hours, but significantly decreased with increasing the concentration of cadmium in 72 and 96 hours (P<0/05). The level of total protein decreased significantly in 24 and 96 hours with increasing the concentration of cadmium, and in 72 hours increased significantly (P<0/05). The level of albumin increased significantly in 96 hours.  Based on these results, biochemical parameters are useful for monitoring of cadmium acute toxicity in Silver Carp.

References:

اسماعیلی ساری، ع. 1381.آلاینده ها، بهداشت واستاندارد در محیط زیست. تهران، انتشارات نقش مهر.

پورغلام، ر.، مکرمی رستمی، سعیدی، ع.، غرقی، ا. و پورغلام، ح. 1389. بررسی اثرات حاد باکتری استرپتوکوکوس فسیوم(Streptococcus Faecium) روی برخی از بافتها و مشخصه های خونی بچه ماهیان قزل آلای رنگین کمان. مجله علمی شیلات ایران،19( 2):18-9.

کاظمی، ر.، یوسفی جوردهی، ا.، پوردهقانی، م.، یارمحمدی، م. و نصری تجن، ع. 1389. فیزیولوژی دستگاه گردش خون آبزیان و فنون کاربردی خون شناسی ماهیان. نشر بازرگان. رشت.

Agah, H., Leermakers, M., Marc Elskens, S. & Fatemi, M. 2009.Accumulation of trace metals in the muscle and liver tissues of five species from the Persian Gulf. Environmental Monitoring Assess, 157: 499-514.

Almeida, J. A., Novelli, E. L. B., Dal-Pai Silva, M. & Alves-Junior, R. 2001. Environmental cadmium exposure and metabolic responses of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Environmental Pollutant Journal, 114: 169-175.

Alvarado, N.E., Quesada, I., Hylland, K., Marigomez, I. & Soto, M. 2006. Quantitative changes in metallothionein expression in target cell-types in the gills of turbot (Scophthalmusmaximus) exposed to Cd, Cu, Zn and after a depuration treatment.  Aquatic Toxicology, 77: 64-77.

Apostoli, P. & Catalani, S.  2011. Metal ions affecting reproduction and development.  Metal Ions Life Science, 8: 263-303.

Atef, M. Al-Attar. 2005.Th influence of Nickel Exposure on Selected Physiological Parameters and Gill Structure in the Teleost Fish,Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of Biological Sciences, 7(1): 77-85.

Barhoumi, S., Messaoudi, I., Deli, T., Saïd, K. & Kerkeni, A.  2009. Cadmium bioaccumulation in three benthic fish species, Salaria basilisca, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus and Solea vulgariscollected from the Gulf of Gabes in Tunisia. Journal of Environmental Science, 21: 980-984.

Burger, J. 2008. Assessment and management of risk to wildlife from cadmium.  Science Total Environment, 389: 37-45.

Bhagwant, S. & Bhikagee, M. 2000. Induction of hypochromic Macrocytic Anemia in Oreohromis hybrid (Cichlidae) exposed to 100mg/L (sub lethal dose) of Aluminum. Science and Technology- Research Journal, 5: 8-20.

Canli, M. & Atli, G. 2003. The relationships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Environmental pollutants, 121: 129–36.

Chitra, T. & Ramana, R. J.V.1986. Temperature induced changes in certain hematological parameters in mercury treatment fish Channa punctatys (Bloch). Comparative Physiological and Ecological Journal, 11:49-53.

Cicik, B. & Engin, K. 2005. The effects of cadmium on levels of glucose in serum and glycogen reserves in the liver and muscle tissues of Cyprinus carpio (L., 1758). Turk Journal of Animal Science, 29:113-117.

Ganjavi, M., Ezzatpanah, H., Givianrad, M.H. & Shams, A. 2010. Effect of canned tuna fish processing steps on cadmium and cadmium contents of Iranian tuna fish. Food Chemistry, 118: 525-528.

Gholamian, S. 2004. Evaluation of copper toxicity effects on liver and measuringof crude protein and some blood serum enzymes in common carp (Cyprinuscarpio). Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 8(2):120-126.

Guardiola, F.A., Cuesta, A., Meseguer, J., Martínez, S., Martínez-Sánchez, M.J. & Pérez-Sirvent, C.M.A. 2013.  Accumulation, histopathology and immunotoxicological effects of waterborne cadmium on gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 35:792-800.

Gul, Y., Gao, Z.X., Qian, X.Q. & Wang, W.M. 2011. Hematological and serum biochemical characterization and comparison of wild and cultured northern snakehead (Channa argus Cantor, 1842). Journal Applied Ichthyology, 27: 122-128. 

Hilmy, A.M., Shabana, M.B. & Daabbes, A.Y. 1987. Effects of cadmium toxicity upon the in vivo and in vitro activity of proteins and five enzymes in blood serum and tissue homogenates of Mugilcephalus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Journal, 81C: 145-153.

Hovis, M., Kimball, R. & Peterson, J. 2005.Mathematics exercises in biotechnology. Dilutions of stock liquid solutions. National Science Foundation, 2: 12-14.

Jarup, L.  2003. Hazards of heavy metal contamination.  Brazilian Medical Bulletin, 68: 167-182.

Kim, S.G., Kim, J.W.  & Kang, J.C.  2004. Effect of dietary cadmium on growth and hematological parameters of juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf).  Aquaculture Research, 35: 80-86.

Langston, R.W. 1989. Toxic effects of metals and the incidence ofmarine ecosystem. In: Furness, R.W., Rainbow, P.S., Eds. Heavy metals in the marine environment. CRC Press, New York.

Levesque, H. M., Moon, T.W., Campbell, P. G. C. & Hontela, A. 2002. Seasonal variation in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) chronically exposed to metals in the field. Aquatic Toxicology Journal, 60: 257 – 267.

McGeer, J.C., Niyogr, S.  & Smith, D.S.  2012. Cadmium, homeostasis and toxicology of non-

essential metals, Fish physiology. 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. V: 31B.

Omima, A.S.A. 2010. Impact of pollution with lead, mercury and cadmium on the immune response of Oreochromis niloticus. Science Journal, 3:12-16.

Pottinger, T.G. & Carrick, T.R. 1999. A comparison ofplasma glucose and plasma cortisol as selectionmarkers for high and low stress-responsiveness infemale rainbow trout. Aquaculture, 175: 351–363.

Remyla, S.R., Ramesh, M., Sajwan, K.S. & Kumar, K.S. 2007. Influence of zinc on cadmium inducedfreshwater teleost fish Catla catla. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 34:280-286.

Romao, S., Donatti, L., Freitas, M., Teixeira, J. &Kusma, J. 2006. Blood parameter analysis andmorphological alternations as biomarkers on thehealth of Hoplias malabaricus and Geophagusbrasiliensis.The Journal Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 49: 441-448.

Saei-Dehkordi, S. S., Fallah, A.Z. & Nematollahi, A. 2010. Arsenic and mercury in commercially valuable fish species from the Persian Gulf: influences of season and habitat. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48: 2945-2950.

Sastry, K.V. & Subhadra, K. 2000. Effect of cadmium on some aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in a freshwater catfish Heteropneustesfossilis. Journal of Eurotox Toxicology Letter, 14: 45-55.

Satheeshkumar, P., Ananthan, G., Senthilkumar, D. & Jeevanantham, K. 2010. Comparative investigation on hematological and biochemical studies on wild marine teleost fishes from Vellar Estuary, southeast coast of India. Journal of Comparative Clinical Pathology, 10:1091-1095.

Shakoori, A. R., Alam, J., Aziz, F. & Ali, S.S. 2001. Biochemical effect of bifenthrin (talstar) administered orally for one month on the blood and liver of rabbit. Proceedings of Pakistan Congress of Zoology, 10:61-81.

Sikorska, J. & Wolnicki, J. 2006. Cadmium toxicity to Rudd (Scardinus erythrophthalmus (L) larvae after short-term exposure. Archive of Polish Fisheries, 14:15-27.

Sobha, K., Poornima, A., Harini, P. & Veeraiah, K. 2007. A study on biochemical changes in the fresh water fish, Catla catla (Hamilton) exposed to the heavy metal toxicant cadmium chloride. Engineering and Technology, 3(2): 1-11.

Suresh, N.  2009. Effect of cadmium chloride on liver, spleen and kidney melano macrophage

centers in Tilapia mossambica.  Journal of Environmental Biology, 30: 505-508.

Sweety, R.R., Sajwan, K.S. & Kumar, K.S. 2007.Influence of zinc on cadmium induced hematological and biochemical responses in freshwater teleost fish Catla catla. Fish Physiology and Biochemical Journal. 34:169-174

Vosylienë, M.Z. 2004. The effect of long-term exposure to copper on physiological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 2. Studies of haematological parameters. Ekologija, 1: 3-6.

Witeska, M. 2001. Changes in the common carp blood cell picture after acute exposure to cadmium. Acta Zoological Lituanica, 11(4).25-35.

Witeska, M., Jezierska, B. & Wolnicki, J. 2006. Respiratory and haematological responses of Tench, Tinca tinca (L.) to a short- term cadmium exposure.  Aquaculture International, 14:  141-152.

Yamawaki, K.W., Hoshimoto, K., Fujii, J., Koyama, T., Ikeda & Ozaki, H. 1986. Hemochemical changes in Carp exposed to low cadmium concentrations. Bulletin of Asian Fisheries Society, 1:56-60.

Kim, S.G., Jee, J.H. & Kang, J.C. 2004.Cadmium accumulation and elimination in tissues of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus after sub-chronic cadmium exposure. Environmental Pollution, 127: 117-123.

Zhou, X., Li, M., Abbas, Kh. & Wang, W. 2009. Comparison of hematologyand serum biochemistry of     cultured and wild Dojo loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Fish Physiology and Biochemical Journal. 35: 435-441.