An Investigation on the Performance of Nanostructure Poly-Ether-Sulfone Hollow Fiber Membrane in Concentration and Purification of Whey
Subject Areas : Environment Pullotion (water and wastewater)gholamreza bakeri 1 , shabnam lotfi 2
1 - Associate Professor, Thermo-Kinetics and Catalyst Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
2 - M.Sc., Chemical Engineering, Thermo-Kinetics and Catalyst Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
Keywords: whey, nanostructured Poly-Ether-Sulfone Membrane, ultrafiltration process, Protein, hollow fiber membrane,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: Whey is a by-product of dairy industries along cheese production. As a raw material, whey has several applications in food industries and its valuable protein and lactose contents. Membrane technology, more specifically ultrafiltration (UF), is being used in dairy industry to produce whey protein concentrate (WPC) because this technology allows selective separation of whey proteins compared to the rest of its components. In this regard, the objective of this research was to investigate the effects of different operating parameter on whey protein concentration and purification process using ultrafiltration membranes. Method: Three different nanostructure Poly-Eether-Sulfone (PES) hollow fiber membranes were tested and the effects of operating parameters, temperature (43 oC), three different pressures (1 bar, 2 bar, 3 bar) and feed flow rate on the permeate flow rate, protein rejection and lactose permeation were studied. Findings: Results showed that pressure increase enhances the permeation flow rate which is more sensible at lower pressures. Moreover, high pressures have not been considered suitable considering higher fouling and lower flux recovery. Increasing feed flow rate resulted in higher turbulence on the surface of the membrane and reduces the membrane fouling and enhances the permeation flow rate even though these parameters (pressure and feed flow rate) did not have any significant effect on the protein rejection and lactose permeation. At the best operating conditions, maximum protein rejection was %91.01. Discussion and Conclusion: considering the findings, it can be concluded that UF process using PES hollow fiber membrane is capable of performing desired separation and purification of whey.
1. Yorgun, M.S., Balcioglu, I.A., & Saygin, O. (2008). Performance comparison of ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis on whey treatment. Desalination, Vol. 229, pp. 204-216.
2. Cheryan, M. (1998). Ultrafiltration and microfiltration handbook. CRC Press.
3. Goulas G. and Grandison A. (2008), Applications of membrane separation. in advanced dairy science and technology, Blackwell Publishing. pp. 35-75.
4. Li, Y., & Chung, T.S. (2008). Exploration of highly sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) as a membrane material with the aid of dual-layer hollow fiber fabrication technology for protein separation. Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 309, pp. 45-55.
5. Rektor, A., & Vatai, G. (2004). Membrane filtration of Mozzarella whey. Desalination, Vol. 162, pp. 279-286.
6. Baldasso, C., Barros, T.C., & Tessaro, I.C. (2011). Concentration and purification of whey proteins by ultrafiltration. Desalination, Vol. 278, pp. 381-386.
7. Chollangi, A., & Hossain, M.M. (2007). Separation of proteins and lactose from dairy wastewater. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, Vol. 46, pp. 398-404.
8. She, Q., Tang, C.Y., Wang, Y.N., & Zhang, Z. (2009). The role of hydrodynamic conditions and solution chemistry on protein fouling during ultrafiltration. Desalination, Vol. 249, pp. 1079-1087.
9. Sangita Bhattacharjee, C.B. (2006), Studies on the fractionation of ᵝ-lactoglobulin from casein whey using ultrafiltration and ion-exchange membrane chromatography, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 275, pp. 141–150.
10. Cheang, B., & Zydney, A.L. (2004). A two-stage ultrafiltration process for fractionation of whey protein isolate. Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 231, pp. 159-167.
11. de Souza, R.R., Bergamasco, R., da Costa, S.C., Feng, X., Faria, S.H.B., & Gimenes, M.L. (2010). Recovery and purification of lactose from whey. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, Vol. 49, pp. 1137-1143.
12. Arunkumar A. & Etzel M.R., (2013), Fractionation of a-lactalbumin from b-lactoglobulin using positively charged tangential flow ultrafiltration membranes. Journal of Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 105, pp. 121–128.
13. Sarkar, P., Ghosh, S., Dutta, S., Sen, D., & Bhattacharjee, C. (2009). Effect of different operating parameters on the recovery of proteins from casein whey using a rotating disc membrane ultrafiltration cell. Desalination, Vol. 249, pp. 5-11.
14. Porter, M. (1990). Handbook of industrial membrane technology. William Andrew.
15. Akbache A., Lamiot É., Moroni O., Turgeon S., Gauthier S., Pouliot Y. (2009), Use of membrane processing to concentrate TGF-B2 and IGF-I from bovine milk and whey. Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 326, pp. 435–440.
16. Zhao, C., Xue, J., Ran, F., & Sun, S. (2013). Modification of polyethersulfone membranes–a review of methods. Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 58, pp. 76-150.
17. Yuliwati, E., & Ismail, A.F. (2011). Effect of additives concentration on the surface properties and performance of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes for refinery produced wastewater treatment. Desalination, Vol. 273, pp. 226-234.
18. Yuliwati, E., Ismail, A.F., Matsuura, T., Kassim, M.A., & Abdullah, M.S. (2011). Effect of modified PVDF hollow fiber submerged ultrafiltration membrane for refinery wastewater treatment. Desalination, Vol. 283, pp. 214-220.
19. Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical biochemistry, Vol. 72, pp. 248-254.
20. Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P., & Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical chemistry, Vol. 28, pp. 350-356.
21. Vankelecom, I.F.J. and Gevers, L.E.M. (2005), Membrane processes in green separation processes, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 251-289.
22. Askew, C.E., Poele, S.T., Skou, F., (2008). Membrane filtration in cleaning-in-place: dairy, food and beverage operations. Blackwell Publishing. Third ed., pp. 195-222.
23. Ramachandra Rao, H.G. (2002). Mechanisms of flux decline during ultrafiltration of dairy products and influence of pH on flux rates of whey and buttermilk. Desalination, Vol. 144, pp. 319-324.
24. Li, Q., Lin, H.H., & Wang, X.L. (2014). Preparation of sulfobetaine-grafted PVDF hollow fiber membranes with a stably anti-protein-fouling performance. Membranes, Vol. 4, pp. 181-199.
25. Narong, P., & James, A.E. (2008). Efficiency of ultrafiltration in the separation of whey suspensions using a tubular zirconia membrane. Desalination, Vol. 219, pp. 348-357.
26. Carić, M.Đ., Milanović, S.D., Krstić, D.M., & Tekić, M.N. (2000). Fouling of inorganic membranes by adsorption of whey proteins. Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 165, pp. 83-88.
27. Atra, R., Vatai, G., Bekassy-Molnar, E., & Balint, A. (2005). Investigation of ultra-and nanofiltration for utilization of whey protein and lactose. Journal of Food Engineering, Vol. 67, pp. 325-332.
28. Chiang, B.H., & Cheryan, M. (1986). Ultrafiltration of skim milk in hollow fibers. Journal of Food Science, Vol. 51, pp. 340-344.
29. Breslau, B.R., & Kilcullen, B.M. (1977). Hollow fiber ultrafiltration of cottage cheese whey: Performance study. Journal of dairy science, Vol. 60, pp. 1379-1386.
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1. Yorgun, M.S., Balcioglu, I.A., & Saygin, O. (2008). Performance comparison of ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis on whey treatment. Desalination, Vol. 229, pp. 204-216.
2. Cheryan, M. (1998). Ultrafiltration and microfiltration handbook. CRC Press.
3. Goulas G. and Grandison A. (2008), Applications of membrane separation. in advanced dairy science and technology, Blackwell Publishing. pp. 35-75.
4. Li, Y., & Chung, T.S. (2008). Exploration of highly sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) as a membrane material with the aid of dual-layer hollow fiber fabrication technology for protein separation. Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 309, pp. 45-55.
5. Rektor, A., & Vatai, G. (2004). Membrane filtration of Mozzarella whey. Desalination, Vol. 162, pp. 279-286.
6. Baldasso, C., Barros, T.C., & Tessaro, I.C. (2011). Concentration and purification of whey proteins by ultrafiltration. Desalination, Vol. 278, pp. 381-386.
7. Chollangi, A., & Hossain, M.M. (2007). Separation of proteins and lactose from dairy wastewater. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, Vol. 46, pp. 398-404.
8. She, Q., Tang, C.Y., Wang, Y.N., & Zhang, Z. (2009). The role of hydrodynamic conditions and solution chemistry on protein fouling during ultrafiltration. Desalination, Vol. 249, pp. 1079-1087.
9. Sangita Bhattacharjee, C.B. (2006), Studies on the fractionation of ᵝ-lactoglobulin from casein whey using ultrafiltration and ion-exchange membrane chromatography, Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 275, pp. 141–150.
10. Cheang, B., & Zydney, A.L. (2004). A two-stage ultrafiltration process for fractionation of whey protein isolate. Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 231, pp. 159-167.
11. de Souza, R.R., Bergamasco, R., da Costa, S.C., Feng, X., Faria, S.H.B., & Gimenes, M.L. (2010). Recovery and purification of lactose from whey. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, Vol. 49, pp. 1137-1143.
12. Arunkumar A. & Etzel M.R., (2013), Fractionation of a-lactalbumin from b-lactoglobulin using positively charged tangential flow ultrafiltration membranes. Journal of Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 105, pp. 121–128.
13. Sarkar, P., Ghosh, S., Dutta, S., Sen, D., & Bhattacharjee, C. (2009). Effect of different operating parameters on the recovery of proteins from casein whey using a rotating disc membrane ultrafiltration cell. Desalination, Vol. 249, pp. 5-11.
14. Porter, M. (1990). Handbook of industrial membrane technology. William Andrew.
15. Akbache A., Lamiot É., Moroni O., Turgeon S., Gauthier S., Pouliot Y. (2009), Use of membrane processing to concentrate TGF-B2 and IGF-I from bovine milk and whey. Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 326, pp. 435–440.
16. Zhao, C., Xue, J., Ran, F., & Sun, S. (2013). Modification of polyethersulfone membranes–a review of methods. Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 58, pp. 76-150.
17. Yuliwati, E., & Ismail, A.F. (2011). Effect of additives concentration on the surface properties and performance of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes for refinery produced wastewater treatment. Desalination, Vol. 273, pp. 226-234.
18. Yuliwati, E., Ismail, A.F., Matsuura, T., Kassim, M.A., & Abdullah, M.S. (2011). Effect of modified PVDF hollow fiber submerged ultrafiltration membrane for refinery wastewater treatment. Desalination, Vol. 283, pp. 214-220.
19. Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical biochemistry, Vol. 72, pp. 248-254.
20. Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P., & Smith, F. (1956). Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical chemistry, Vol. 28, pp. 350-356.
21. Vankelecom, I.F.J. and Gevers, L.E.M. (2005), Membrane processes in green separation processes, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 251-289.
22. Askew, C.E., Poele, S.T., Skou, F., (2008). Membrane filtration in cleaning-in-place: dairy, food and beverage operations. Blackwell Publishing. Third ed., pp. 195-222.
23. Ramachandra Rao, H.G. (2002). Mechanisms of flux decline during ultrafiltration of dairy products and influence of pH on flux rates of whey and buttermilk. Desalination, Vol. 144, pp. 319-324.
24. Li, Q., Lin, H.H., & Wang, X.L. (2014). Preparation of sulfobetaine-grafted PVDF hollow fiber membranes with a stably anti-protein-fouling performance. Membranes, Vol. 4, pp. 181-199.
25. Narong, P., & James, A.E. (2008). Efficiency of ultrafiltration in the separation of whey suspensions using a tubular zirconia membrane. Desalination, Vol. 219, pp. 348-357.
26. Carić, M.Đ., Milanović, S.D., Krstić, D.M., & Tekić, M.N. (2000). Fouling of inorganic membranes by adsorption of whey proteins. Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 165, pp. 83-88.
27. Atra, R., Vatai, G., Bekassy-Molnar, E., & Balint, A. (2005). Investigation of ultra-and nanofiltration for utilization of whey protein and lactose. Journal of Food Engineering, Vol. 67, pp. 325-332.
28. Chiang, B.H., & Cheryan, M. (1986). Ultrafiltration of skim milk in hollow fibers. Journal of Food Science, Vol. 51, pp. 340-344.
29. Breslau, B.R., & Kilcullen, B.M. (1977). Hollow fiber ultrafiltration of cottage cheese whey: Performance study. Journal of dairy science, Vol. 60, pp. 1379-1386.
