Effect of foliar application of zinc on yield quality and quantity in wheat under water deficit
Subject Areas : Agroecology Journal
Javad Tabatabaeian
1
(. Assistant Prof., Ardestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardestan, Iran.)
Keywords: Protein, yield, Wheat, zinc sulfate and water deficit,
Abstract :
To investigate the effect of foliar application of zinc on yield production and seed quality of wheat under water deficit, an experiment was conducted as split factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. The main plot consisted of different water conditions (complete irrigation, halted irrigation after pollination, and after grain milk stage) and sub-plots comprised three wheat genotypes including Mahdavi, Shiraz and Pishtaz and three different concentrations of zinc including 0, 2.5 and 5 mg.kg-1. The results indicated that increasing stress intensity caused decreased grain yield, total dry matter and harvest index, but seed protein increased. Although, by increase water deficit, grain yield was reduced in all cultivars. Pishtaz showed the maximum grain yield (6107 kg/ha) when irrigation halted at pollination phase. However, all varieties, especially Mahdavi, produced higher yield at complete irrigation condition. Zinc sulfate application had a positive and significant effect on the most studied traits, so that application of 2.5 mg/kg zinc sulfate at complete irrigation treatment increased grain yield up to 27% . Besides, zinc concentration of seeds increased as zinc sulfate was applied.
Cakmak I (2009) Enrichment of fertilizers with zinc: an excellent investment for humanity and crop production in India. Journal of Trace Elements Medical Biological 10: 10-16.
Chker Al hosseini M, Mohtashami R, Oliyae HR (2009) Effects of zinc source and method on yield and qualityof rice of Cv. Cheram. Journal of Agricultural Science 5(1): 33-43.
Graham AW (2004) Effects of zinc nutrition and high temperature on the growth, yield and grain quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Ph.D Thesis, University of Adelaide, USA.
Gupta US (1998) Production and improvement of crops for dryland. First Edition (Translated by Koocheki, A ). Jahad-e Daneshgahi Publications University of Mashhad, pp. 52-54. [In Persian With English Abstract].
Haslett BS, Reid RJ, Rengel Z (2001) Zinc mobility in wheat: Uptake and distribution of zinc applied to leaves or roots. Annals of Botany 87: 379-386.
Helrich K (1990) Association of official analytical chemists. 15th Edition. Volume 1. AoAc, Inc. 673 pp.
Khan HR, McDonald GK, Rengel Z (2004) Zinc fertilization and water stress affects plant water relations, stomata conductance and osmotic adjustment in chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.). Plant and Soil 267: 271-284.
Khan MA, Fuller MP, Baloch FS (2008) Effect of soil applied zinc sulphate on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown on a Calcareous soil in Pakistan. Cereal Research Communications 36(4): 571–582.
Malakouti MJ, Tehrani MM (2001) Effects of micronutrients on the yield and quality of agricultural products. (2nd edition). Tarbiat Modarres University Press, 299 pp. (In Persian).
Mamnouie E, Fotohi Ghazvini R, Esfahany M, Nakhoda B (2006) The effects of water deficit on crop yield and physiological characteristics of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 8: 211- 219.
Mollabashi A, Khorshidi M, Farboodi M (2007) Relationship between grain yield and dry matter after flowering with no stress and drought stress conditions in the last season in promising cultivars of winter wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science, University of Tabriz. 1(3): 67-78. [In Persian With English Abstract].
Movahedy–Dehnavy M, Modarres–Sanavy SAM, Bidgoli M (2009) Foliar application of zinc and manganese improves seed yield and quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) grown under water deficit stress. Industrial Crop and Productions 30: 82-92.
Peleg Z, Saranga Y, Yazici A, Fahima T, Ozturk L, Cakmak I (2008) Grain zinc, iron and protein concentrations and zinc-efficiency in wild emmer wheat under contrasting irrigation regimes. Plant Soil 306: 57–67.
Salemi HR, Malek S, Afiuni D (2006) Effect of limited irrigation on grain yield and qualitative traits of six new wheat cultivars in Kabouta-abad, Isfahan. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 27: 132-146.
Sarkaro D, Mandel B, Kundu MC (2007) Increasing use efficiency of boron fertilizers by rescheduling the time and methods of application for crops in India. Plant Soil 301: 77–85.
Thalooth A, Badr NM, Mohamed MH (2005) Effect of foliar spraying with zinc and different levels of phosphatic fertilizer on growth and yield of sunflower plants grown under saline conditions. Egyptian Journal of Agronomy 27: 11-22.
_||_