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Open Access Article
1 - Religious Teachings and Food Culture of Iranian Ordinary People
ابراهیم موسی پورThe food culture of Iranian people has been an aspect of Iranians'everyday life which in spite of throughout changes that were the resultof officialization of Shi'ism, has not been so shifted or modified. Infact, Shi'ism couldn't be supposed as an effective factor in ma MoreThe food culture of Iranian people has been an aspect of Iranians'everyday life which in spite of throughout changes that were the resultof officialization of Shi'ism, has not been so shifted or modified. Infact, Shi'ism couldn't be supposed as an effective factor in making anyreligion-based change in nutrition system of the ordinary people at thisperiod. Nevertheless, along with the Islamic general recommendationsabout eating rites (ādāb al-akl) and the pattern of proper and improperacts /rights and wrongs which believers were supposed to consider intheir food behaviors, some Shiite teachings and particularly thereligious occasions have formed some food habits of Safavid-Qajaridpeople or at least have resulted in some certain regulations in thesehabits. Upon this survey, most of these teachings are originated ingeneral Islamic tradition and the resulted changes of Shiite teachings,are mainly manifested in public feedings and vow ("nadhr"s) rites inShiite temporal or local situations, mostly in a popular religionapproach Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Evaluation of the effect of polyamines and organic acids treatment on the nutritional value of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)
Sara Motamedi Forogh Mortazaeinejad Vahid Abdossi Davood Naderi -
Open Access Article
3 - Evaluation the impact of different polyamines on some nutritional composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) hydroponic culture conditions
Khatereh Nejadasgari Chokami Vahid Abdossi Saeed Samavat Alireza Ladan Moghadam Pezhman Moradi -
Open Access Article
4 - The effect of organic fertilizers (chicken manure tea and vermicompost) on some nutritional value trace in greenhouse cucumber
Mehran Jandaghi Mohammad Reza Hasandokht Vahid Abdossi Pezhman Moradi -
Open Access Article
5 - Some nutritional habits of elderlies in Tehran
Saeedeh Avazzade Akram Ghanbari Moghaddam Fateme Ardaneh Mohammad Ayatnia Sahel Sang-Sefidi Mojtaba Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
6 - Effect of foliar application of iron, potassium, and zinc nano-chelates on nutritional value and essential oil of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Elham Danaee Vahid Abdossi -
Open Access Article
7 - The effects of solar drying on drying kinetics and effective moisture diffusivity of pistachio nut
Mohsen Mokhtarian Hamid Tavakolipour Ahmad Kalbasi-Ashtari Fatemeh Koushki -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of the effect of application of ascorbic acid and chitosan on quality, nutritional value, and storage of Agaricus bisporus
Kimia Eyalati Elham Danaee -
Open Access Article
9 - Nutritional evaluation of 24 Iranian Punica granatum genotypes
Sara Yari Seyed Abbas Mirjalili Seyed Amir Mousavi Elahe Poorazizi -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigation the impact of Ag nanoparticles of orange fruit’s peel, chitosan and silamol treatment on tomato nutritional health content
Saeideh Bagheri Pezhman Moradi Fereshteh Nematolahi Vahid Zarinnia Vahid Abdossi -
Open Access Article
11 - Effect of Dezful’s Day Care Center interventional program to fight malnutrition and improvement of anthropometric indices among preschool children
Pegah Rahbarinejad Maryam Mohamdpour Mina Minaie Farideh Nazari Zahra Abdollahi Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh -
Open Access Article
12 - Status of nutrition and health claims in dairy products and accuracy requirements in the Tehran market
Mohaddeseh Asafari Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani Hassan Hamedi -
Open Access Article
13 - Comparison of the effectiveness of an intervention program to improve the nutritional status of children aged 2-6 years in Day Care Centers of East and West of Iran
Zahra Madani Maryam Moussavi Jordi Mina Minaie Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh Zahra Abdollahi Fariba Babaei Zahra Abasalti Ariyo Movahedi -
Open Access Article
14 - Association of depression with malnutrition in hemodialysis patients
Mohsen Taghavi Seyyed Ali Keshavarz Alireza Hoveyda Asal Ataie-Jafari -
Open Access Article
15 - The effect of daily meal support program on improvement of anthropometric indices in 2-6 years old children in Iranshahr, Iran
Arefeh KhaksarJalali Amirmehdi Husseini Mina Minaie Shahla Mirlashari Zahra Abdollahi Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh -
Open Access Article
16 - An intervention Program to Improve the Nutritional Status of Children Aged 2-6 Years in Day Care Centers of East Azerbaijan Province of Iran
Mina Minaie Fathollah Pourali Zahra Abdollahi -
Open Access Article
17 - Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Health Staff in Iran: the NUTRI-KAP Survey
Ramin Heshmat Zahra Abdollahi Mina Minaei Mahsa Rostami Zeinab Ahadi Gita Shafiee Mohsen Rezaei Homami Bagher Larijani Forouzan Salehi -
Open Access Article
18 - Determining Various Urban & Rural Deciles Food Optimal Basket in Iran
کامبیز هژیر کیانی سیدشایسته واردیFood security & healthy nutrition are considered as the most significant human needs and a factor for economic growth and development of the countries. Consumer culture and financial potential are two key factors for the individual in society to access proper food a MoreFood security & healthy nutrition are considered as the most significant human needs and a factor for economic growth and development of the countries. Consumer culture and financial potential are two key factors for the individual in society to access proper food and take in the required food stuff & nutrients that among this government also plays it role in order to increase financial capability and use supporting tools to direct the society consumer culture .therefor this main aim in this article is to determine of the optimal food basket based on two factors as financial potential and food knowledge .So that this basket has been determined each person monthly in various income deciles and also separating city (household sample 18729) and village (household sample19787) for the year 2011 by using modeling different expenditures and considering the collection of 24 food stuff and 30 nutrients. The results indicates that the monetary (rials) value of the food optimal basket of an urban person is more than the rural .this difference is meaningful in high income deciles .Analyzing between present & optimal food basket shift implies that the first 4 income deciles in urban area and the first 5 income deciles in rural area need supports from the government to achieve food security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Health and Safety Factors Affecting on Management of Nutrition Part in Social Security Hospitals with Approach of Modeling Structural Equations
esa fathi Amir Ashkan Nasiripour nader khalesi Reza ZiyariIntroduction: this study done to determine and provide a model for explaining the role and importance of the components needed In Social Security Hospitals due to importance of safety and health factors in the optimal management of nutrition part in hospitals and the la MoreIntroduction: this study done to determine and provide a model for explaining the role and importance of the components needed In Social Security Hospitals due to importance of safety and health factors in the optimal management of nutrition part in hospitals and the lack of clarity on the impact of these factors on the preparation, production and distribution of healthy food. Methods: type of this study was qualitative - quantitative. The research population consisted of managers of hospitals, environmental health experts and nutrition experts. The data collection tool was an information form, that was a Social Security treatment checklist that completed by direct observation and interviewing. Data collected using a questionnaire including 15 questions that gathered in three areas. Use of SPSS software and AMOS Software analyzed with approach of modeling structural equations. Results: In this study, 3 aspects identified that included safety and health, monitoring and control, and human resources. Obtained Fitness was very close to unit, indicated the strength of the model's one dimensional. Based on the confirmatory factor analysis, "good food storage" in proper temperature and " Inappropriate storage conditions for raw materials "had the highest and the least effect among safety and health factors with coefficients of 0.753 and 0.554 , Respectively . Conclusion: In order to better manage of nutrition section in hospitals, while emphasizing on issues of health and safety, it is necessary to consider other influential factors and this will be applied in the future planning of the managers of social security hospitals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Impacts of Alnus subcordata plantation on nutrient and plant diversity in site of Parrottia-Carpinetum natural forest
abdollah Rostamabadi Masoud Tabari Hamid Jalilvand Ali Salehi Ehsan SayadIn this study, impacts of Alnus subcordata plantation on nutrient and plant diversity in site of Parrottia Carpinetum natural forest of kolloude region, Amol, Mazandaran were investigated. First, 6 releves 20 m × 20 m were selected in each stand. Nutrition, nutrie MoreIn this study, impacts of Alnus subcordata plantation on nutrient and plant diversity in site of Parrottia Carpinetum natural forest of kolloude region, Amol, Mazandaran were investigated. First, 6 releves 20 m × 20 m were selected in each stand. Nutrition, nutrient return and nutrient retranslocation properties followed by soil properties of each stand were studied. Then, impacts of stand parameters (diameter, height, litter thickness and crown cover percentage) together with soil properties on plant biodiversity were investigated. For purpose, leaf samples of green trees and fallen leaves have been collected inside wooden trap-based sampling to evaluate the nutrition, nutrient return and nutrient retranslocation in each stand. Soil samples were taken from 0-10 cm depth in each releves. So frequencies of herbaceous and woody plant were record. Results of nutrition, nutrient return, nutrient retranslocation and soil properties in the Alnus and natural stands showed that Alnus in consequence of higher N return, lower N retranslocation in fallen leaves of Alnus led to increase the soil N% and decrease the C/N ratio. Findings of impacts of stand parameters and soil properties on plant biodiversity showed in consequence of lower litter thickness, lower crown cover percentage and soil with higher N% and lower C/N ratio in Alnus in comparison with Natural forest led to increase in the richness of herbaceous plants. By attention to results of this study by Alnus subcordata plantation in degridated plain sites with poor drainage soil, can revive the soil N and Herbaceous richness in same sites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Effect of dietary phytogenic combination (Biomin P.E.P 1000) on growth performance, nutrition and survival rate of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fry
Shayan Ghobadi Hamed Manuchehri Seyede Mohadese Talebzade HoseiniThe aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary Phytogenic combination (Biomin PEP 1000) on nutrition and growth performance and survival rate of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fry which has done for 56 days. The exper MoreThe aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary Phytogenic combination (Biomin PEP 1000) on nutrition and growth performance and survival rate of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fry which has done for 56 days. The experiment was completely randomized design consisting four levels 0 (Control group), 1, 2, and 3 g of Biomin PEP 1000 kg-1 diet in four treatments with three replications. Twenty five specimens of grass carps fry with initial mean weight 0.51 ±0.02 g were distributed in 12 small tanks with 100 liters volumes filled with 80 liters water and fed up to satisfy. Growth parameters such as final weight, body weight increase, specific growth rate, daily food intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were measured. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test. According to the results, phytogenic combination (Biomin PEP 1000) addition had no significant effect in Feeding, growth performance and survival rate in any experimental levels (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Estimating the economic value of the preservation and maintenance functions of soil nutrients in Zagros forest ecosystem (case study: Dalab Ilam region)
Farshid Karami abdolali karamshahi amir modaberi ali mahdavi jalal Hanareh KhalyaniIn this research, one of the most important functions and services of the forest, the function of maintaining soil nutrients in the forests of the Dalab watershed in Ilam province, has been valued. First, the amount of erosion and sedimentation in the study area was che MoreIn this research, one of the most important functions and services of the forest, the function of maintaining soil nutrients in the forests of the Dalab watershed in Ilam province, has been valued. First, the amount of erosion and sedimentation in the study area was checked using the modified MPSIAC model in the current condition. By developing two scenarios of converting the (current) natural forest with 30 to 50% canopy cover to bare land through scoring the model, the changes in the amount of erosion and sedimentation were estimated. Next, the amount of soil nutrients was determined by soil sampling and laboratory analysis. Then, taking into account the difference in the amount of erosion in the state of natural forest (current) with 30-50% canopy cover and bare land, the amount of each nutrient element in the soil, and the loss of soil nutrients was also calculated. Then, using the replacement cost method, the service value of forest ecosystem soil nutrient maintenance was estimated. The results showed that the studied forest can maintain 2.52 tons of phosphorus, 35.55 tons of potassium, and 251.96 tons of nitrogen per year with an approximate value of 2,275,700 million rials per year and prevent its loss due to erosion. Also, the value of each hectare of forest for this function was estimated at 88.13 million rials. The estimation of the value of this ecosystem service in Zagros forests indicates the very effective role of forest ecosystems in controlling erosion and protecting soil nutrients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Enhanced Removal of Trihalomethanes(THMs) from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated Carbon from Walnut Wood(WC) on Equilibrium, Thermodynamic and Kinetics
gholamhossein vatankhah tuba Ershad -
Open Access Article
24 - Determination of water quality parameters and nutrient level with an Adaptive Neuro- Fuzzy Inference System
Maryam Hosseini Jalal Javadi moghaddam -
Open Access Article
25 - Role of activated carbon from natural adsorbent for removal of textile dyes: effect of pH, kinetic and adsorbent mass
Ameneh Khorsand Reza Fazaeli Mahboobeh Manoochehri -
Open Access Article
26 - Effect of Feeding Different Levels of Protein on Growth of hemolymph protein of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
L. Eskandari GH. Ghalamkari , A. Gheysari,The present study was conducted to evaluate hemolymph protein changes in the effect of feeding different levels of the protein of honey bee(Apismellifera L.). The experiments carried out with five treatments, including different levels of protein (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 MoreThe present study was conducted to evaluate hemolymph protein changes in the effect of feeding different levels of the protein of honey bee(Apismellifera L.). The experiments carried out with five treatments, including different levels of protein (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 percent) and 4 replications in a completely randomized design with four replicates in the incubator condition. poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)methode was used for the separation of proteins extracted from Hemolymph. Antibacterial peptides expression of defencin and abasin in hemolymph at the age of 12 days between treatments was statistically significant and 10% protein treatment expression showed the highest and control group the lowest value in defencin peptide (2293 units against 1412 units respectively) and about abasin peptide,treatment of 5 % protein showed the greatest amount and control and 2.5% protein treatment showed the lowest value of expression (1970 units against 1257 and zero respectively) (p<0.0001). Totally, the results showed that the profile of protein of hemolymphand of honey bee with feeding different levels of protein changed and improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Evaluation of the effects of some biofertilizers on nutrient uptake and essential oil yield in the golden plant (Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss) under different soil moisture regimes
Ramin Cham Seyed Ali Abtahi Mojtaba Jafarinia Jafar yasrebiDracocephalum kotschyi is one of the most important medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae which is endangered due to unfavorable environmental conditions. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of biofertilizers at four levels (nitroxin, super nitroplus, bioph MoreDracocephalum kotschyi is one of the most important medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae which is endangered due to unfavorable environmental conditions. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of biofertilizers at four levels (nitroxin, super nitroplus, biophosphorus and non-use of biofertilizer) on essential oil yield and nutrient uptake of D. kotschyi seedlings under drought stress at three levels (irrigation to completion 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity) a completely randomized design in 3 replication (each replication includes 25 pots containing one seedling) was performed in the greenhouse as a pot experiment containing cocopeat and perlite culture medium in a ratio of 1: 1. The highest amount of root nitrogen uptake (2.2 mg kg-1) and leaf nitrogen (57.5 mg kg-1) was observed in conventional irrigation treatment (irrigation treatment up to 80% of field capacity) and application of super nitroplus biofertilizer. The percentage of essential oil under mild stress increased by 77.53% compared to the control, while with the intensification of drought stress, the percentage of essential oil decreased by 94.49% compared to the control. The results of this study showed that the most increasing effect on essential oil percentage (1.1%) and essential oil yield (1.5 g plant-1) of D. kotschyi was related to inoculation with Super Nitroplus biofertilizer and mild drought stress, while cultivation of D. kotschyi under normal irrigation conditions and no biofertilizer resulted in the lowest production and yield of essential oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Potential assessment of suitable lands for walnut cultivation in Tehran province using fuzzy AHP method
Masoud Soleimani Saeid Hamzeh Ramin PapiAs a highly productive product, walnut plays an important role in the social and economic condition of farmers in various regions across Iran, and there has been a dramatic increase in the area under cultivation of this product in recent years due to its economic return MoreAs a highly productive product, walnut plays an important role in the social and economic condition of farmers in various regions across Iran, and there has been a dramatic increase in the area under cultivation of this product in recent years due to its economic return. Walnut trees are highly sensitive to the climate conditions. Therefore, before Cultivation of this product, which requires a relatively high initial investment, it is necessary to take certain measures to identify and assess suitable lands for planting walnut trees. Therefore, this study aims to identify and assess suitable lands for planting walnut in the entire of Tehran province that would result in a desirable production efficiency. For this purpose, this study uses climatic parameters (including temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and wind speed) from 12 synoptic stations within Tehran Province and 8 stations from adjacent provinces for an 11-year statistical period (from 2004 to 2014), topography, and land use for site selection and zoning of suitable regions for cultivation of Persian walnut. First, raster data layers were generated using all the parameters under study. Then, through a review of literature and expert views on physiological properties and growth requirements of walnut, the desirable and undesirable thresholds for its cultivation were determined. Next, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to calculate the effectiveness and priority of each parameter. Furthermore, a fuzzy membership function was used to normalize the data layers. Finally, the final zoning map was prepared and extracted using fuzzy overlay tools in ArcGIS. According to this map, an area of 243882.9562 hectares, equal to 17.82% of the entire area of Tehran Province proved very suitable for cultivation of Persian walnut. Moreover, the findings indicate that the three parameters of temperature, relative humidity, and aspect have a special significance and effect on the growth of walnut trees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Effect of mineral superabsorbent on some characteristics of soil and growth parameters of onion (Allium cepa) under limited irrigation
Elnaz Sabbagh Tazeh Nasrin Sadeghian Younes RameshkniaNowadays, using superabsorbent polymers such as pumice is one of practical approaches to increasing water storage in soil and increasing irrigation efficiency. To investigate the effects of pumice on chemical and physical characteristics of soil, growth parameters MoreNowadays, using superabsorbent polymers such as pumice is one of practical approaches to increasing water storage in soil and increasing irrigation efficiency. To investigate the effects of pumice on chemical and physical characteristics of soil, growth parameters and irrigation schedule of onion, an experiment in CRD design as factorial with three factors including: 1) soil type (with two raters: a) sandy loam and b) clay loam, 2) irrigation schedule (with two rates: a) 7 and b) 4 days) and 3) pumice (with four rates: 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 percentage by weight) and three replications was conducted. Results showed that increasing pumice rate could increase bulb dry matter, bulb diameter and bulb height. Pumice also could increase seales number in bulb, p and K concentration in plant and also available P and K concentration and CEC in soil. Pumice application in both soils, increased soil salinity, but in none of soils, soil EC was not more than 5 dS/m. Pumice application in both soils could decrease soil pH and compaction significantly. There was no significant difference between 5% and 7.5% of pumice rates, in bulb dry matter in sandy loam, height and diameter of bulb in clay loam, P and K concentration of onion and soil, CEC, compaction, salinity in sandy loam and drainage salinity. Between irrigation rates was no significant difference in none of properties, in treatments that received pumice. It can be concluded that using 5% pumice in soil, we can increase irrigation schedule of onion from 4 to 7 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Zoning of Nutrient’s Elements In Soil and Leaves of Orange Trees Using Gaussian Model (Dezful city as Case Study)
Ebtesam Neissian Kamran Mohsenifar Ebrahim Panahpour Teimor BabainejadBackground and Aim: Creating land fertility maps are especially important in terms of determining the areas that need particular nutrients, optimizing the use of agricultural fertilizers, and facilitating the optimal management of soil and plant nutrition. Spatial chang MoreBackground and Aim: Creating land fertility maps are especially important in terms of determining the areas that need particular nutrients, optimizing the use of agricultural fertilizers, and facilitating the optimal management of soil and plant nutrition. Spatial changes in soil and plant nutrients are common, but knowing these changes is essential for accurate planning and management, particularly regarding agricultural lands. This research aims at zoning the spatial distribution pattern of nutrients, aka nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and magnesium, in the soil and leaves of Dezful orange orchards trees using the Gaussian model and geographic information system (GIS).Method: A total number of 130 sampling points are set on the map in the vicinity of orange orchards of Dezful City with an area of 3200 hectares. Factors such as soil, cultivation and irrigation system, slope, elevation, and the manner of orange trees growth are considered to determine sampling locations. Following sampling the soil (0-60 cm depth) and plants, the samples are transferred to the laboratory and the concentration of the most consumed nutrients is measured. After preliminary statistical analyzes on the data, the correlation level of the variables that are measured in the soil and leaves of orange trees, are calculated with the Pearson correlation test. The location of sampling points is simulated via Gaussian model by using the R software. The interpolation is computed using simple kriging and kernel methods. The model sensitivity analysis for the changes applied in the base values for implementing the algorithm, is done based on the replacement of the desired values from the posterior functions as well.Results: Analysis of dispersion indices show that the highest coefficient of variation is related to phosphorus element in soil and nitrogen element in leaf samples. The results illustrate that the mean square error values for elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur are calculated respectively as 0.171, 0.152, 0.132 and 0.153 in simple kriging in soil, and as 0.212, 0.152, 0.229, and 0.166 in kernel method in soil; and respectively as 0.121, 0.188, 0.116 and 0.131 in simple kriging in samples of orange tree leaves, and as 0.184, 0.206, 0.172 and 0.229 in kernel method in the leaves samples as well. The results of the spatial distribution pattern of each of the measured elements in the soil and leaves of orange trees demonstrate that the lowest amount of nitrogen is in the south of the region (0.42 to 1.33 mg/kg) and its distribution pattern is similar to the distribution in the leaves of orange trees (0.9 1 to 1.29 mg/kg). Magnesium has the lowest in the north and part of the south (3.11 to 4.57 mg/kg), and sulfur in most soil of the region is between 21.31 and 26.25 mg/kg.Conclusion: In examining the effectiveness of the Gaussian statistical model in the distribution of nutrients in the soil and leaves of orange trees in the gardens of Dezful city, the results display that the calculated Pearson linear correlation coefficient has the highest correlation between calcium and potassium, as well as magnesium and calcium in the soil, but there is no linear correlation between any of the nutrients in the leaves of orange trees. In estimating the best interpolation method, calcium element in soil has the least error in both kernel and simple kriging methods, whereas in plant leaves, magnesium in kernel method and potassium in simple kriging method have less error. The highest error for soil and plant is related to potassium and calcium respectively, in the Cornell method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Optimization of vegetable ice cream formulation based on almond milk and hazelnut oil
Minoo Ramezani Sara Jafarian Mohammad Ahmadi Leila Roozbeh NasiraieIntroduction: The aim of this study is to optimize the formulation of beneficial ice cream based on almond milk, hazelnut oil and grape juice.Methods: For this purpose, treatment was performed based on the ice cream formulation and based on the highest level of response MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study is to optimize the formulation of beneficial ice cream based on almond milk, hazelnut oil and grape juice.Methods: For this purpose, treatment was performed based on the ice cream formulation and based on the highest level of response. Response variables include; The melting point overrun and overall acceptance. The functional relationship between the parameters affecting the ice cream formulation was determined using the Box Bancon experimental design.results: In this study, the aim of optimization is to achieve the highest percentage of overrun and the highest melting resistance, which is one of the important quality indicators of ice cream in consumer acceptance. Based on the selected models, the optimal formulation selected by the software included 10.57% hazelnut oil, 63.26% almond milk and 25.81% grape juice.Conclusion: The presence of almond milk, grape juice and hazelnut oil in the ice cream formula improved the effective properties such as firmness, increased overrun and melting resistance of ice cream in promoting marketability and product acceptance by consumers. Almond milk increased the volume and decreased the melting point by increasing its viscosity and high protein content. With the addition of grape juice and hazelnut oil, the overall acceptance rate was higher. As a result, these plant compounds with beneficial nutritional and health properties can be used in ice cream formulations and while maintaining the texture and melting properties of ice cream, lead to the production of useful products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Investigation of heavy metals and important micro nutrients in milk powder and common baby food in Tehran market
Mahdieh Khazai Shiva Dehghan Abkenar Nazanin KhakipourIntroduction: Powdered milk or complementary foods, despite the importance ofbreastfeeding, play an important role in providing baby food in the world. The aim of thisstudy was to measure the amount of heavy metals in baby food. Heavy metals cadmium, lead,and arsenic ca MoreIntroduction: Powdered milk or complementary foods, despite the importance ofbreastfeeding, play an important role in providing baby food in the world. The aim of thisstudy was to measure the amount of heavy metals in baby food. Heavy metals cadmium, lead,and arsenic cause the highest effects in humans, especially in children, and Fe, Mg, Ca, andZn are important micronutrients that, if deficient in nutrients, can have adverse effects onchildren's health.Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 8 baby food samples from 6 commoncommercial products in the market. Sampling was carried out by census method andmeasurement by induced plasma emission ICP-OES methods.Results: The results were reported by descriptive statistics. The results showed that arsenicranged between 2.8 to 8 ppm in all the samples examined that indicated excessiveconcentration of this heavy metal while the trace concentration of cadmium was observed.Lead concentration was in the range of 0.012 to 0.103 ppm. The concentration of iron,calcium, magnesium and zinc in some samples agreed with the standard values while in someindicated lower content.Conclusion: According to the results of this investigation, the amount of arsenic in baby foodsamples is higher than the specified limit. Some attention should be given to those samplesthat contain lower contents of calcium and zinc as noticed by standard values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Optimizing the formulation of red pepper sauce based on flaxseed and chia flour
mahsa golbaz fatemeh hosseinmardi Alireza Rahman Introduction: The interest of many of consumers in some seasonings, including pepper sauce, and increasing the consumption of them, have prompted researchers to impr[1]ove the nutritional value of these products.Adding flaxseeds to the daily diet increases the hea More Introduction: The interest of many of consumers in some seasonings, including pepper sauce, and increasing the consumption of them, have prompted researchers to impr[1]ove the nutritional value of these products.Adding flaxseeds to the daily diet increases the health of the heart and digestive system, controls weight and prevents cancer. Chia seed is a rich source of antioxidants such as flavonols, tocopherols, phytosterols and carotenoids. In the present study, the formulation of jalopino red pepper sauce based on flaxseed and chia flour was optimized.Materials and Methods: residues of chia and flaxseeds after cold press at 0.25 to 1% were added to sauce and physicochemical properties and calorie of treatments were measured. Optimization of the Formulation was carried out using Design Expert software, response surface method (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) and the results of measuring pH, moisture, viscosity and calorie were analyzed to optimize the formulation . the optimal sample was produced in three replicates and its validity was estimated.Results: By increasing the amount of flaxseed and chia flour in sauce, pH, viscosity and moisture content increased and calorie decreased significantly. If 0.46% of chia flour,0.59% of flax seed and 0% of xanthan are used, it is possible to achieve a pH of 4.07, moisture content of 26.34%, and calorie of 320.06 kJ/g and viscosity of 1364.50 cp, which had a desirability factor equal to 0.79.Conclusion: By adding chia seeds and flaxseed flour to jalopino red pepper sauce, a product with good functional characteristics and acceptable desirability factor can be produced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - An Investigation on the Effects of Hydrolysis Conditions on the Extraction of Antioxidant Peptides from Peanuts
H. Hajikazemi M. Mirzaei S. MirdamadiIntroduction: The use of protein hydrolysate containing antioxidant peptides in the formulation of functional food has been increasing recently. The types and sequences of amino acids, the type of hydrolyzing enzymes and hydrolysis progress have some important impacts o MoreIntroduction: The use of protein hydrolysate containing antioxidant peptides in the formulation of functional food has been increasing recently. The types and sequences of amino acids, the type of hydrolyzing enzymes and hydrolysis progress have some important impacts on the properties of protein hydrolysate. Materials and Methods: In this research, the effects of pepsin and alcalase enzymes (E/S:1/10) under optimal conditions of each ones, were investigated on the extraction of antioxidant peptides from peanuts protein. Peanut’s oil was extracted using solvent extraction method and protein was precipitated at isoelectric point. The extracted protein was subjected to the pepsin and alcalase enzymes for maximum period of five hours. The progress of hydrolysis was considered every thirty-minutes using Ortho-Phthalaldehyde (OPA) method. Results: The results indicated that the most hydrolysis occurs after 250 and 90 min of hydrolysis for pepsin and alcalase, respectively and the values of free amino acid groups increased from 167.0 to 263.0 μM leucin/mg protein (for alcalase) and from 415.0 to 517.0 μM leucin/mg protein (for pepsin). Moreover, the antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysate was investigated based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. By increasing the degree of hydrolysis, the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity increased simultaneously. The maximum values of DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging activity were measured respectively, 5175.0 and 756.0 mMTE/mg proteins (for pepsin) and 3644.0 and 1087.0 mMTE/mg proteins (for alcalase). Conclusion: The results indicated that the progress of enzymatic hydrolysis of peanut protein by alcalase and pepsin enzymes leads to producing more antioxidant peptides and the final products obtained can be considered as a candidate for producing functional foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Optimization of Hot Air Roasting of Peanut Kernels Using Response Surface Methodology
H. Bagheri M. Kashainejad M. Aalami A. M. ZiaiifarIntroduction: Roasting is a high temperature short time (HTST) heat treatment process and enhances the flavor of product and improves the textural and organoleptic properties of the nuts. Materials and Methods: In this study, a hot-air roasting process for the productio MoreIntroduction: Roasting is a high temperature short time (HTST) heat treatment process and enhances the flavor of product and improves the textural and organoleptic properties of the nuts. Materials and Methods: In this study, a hot-air roasting process for the production of peanut snack was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) over a range of air temperatures (140–180°C) for various times (10-30 min). The color parameters including lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and total color differences (ΔE), textural characteristics (hardness and compressive energy), sensory properties, moisture content of the peanuts and energy consumption were used as response parameters to develop predictive models and optimize the roasting process.Results: The results showed that by increasing the by temperature and time of roasting, the L*, b*, moisture content, hardness and compressive energy were decreased and ΔE* and energy consumption were increased. The result of RSM analysis showed that quality parameters could be used to control the roasting of peanut kernels in a hot-air roaster. In order to obtain the desired quality parameter, the optimum roasting for production of peanut snack was determined at 162°C for 29 min. Conclusion: This study revealed that RSM could be used to develop adequate prediction models for describing color and texture changes in peanut kernels during hot-air roasting. The changes in the quality parameters were adequately described by quadratic model. Successful optimization for the peanut kernels roasting process can also be made using desirability functions in RSM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Effect of 6 Weeks Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Aerobic Endurance, Peak power, Minimum Power, Average Power and Fatigue Index in Football Players
ایمان Mohseni عباسعلی GaeiniIntroduction: Appropriate nutrition is an essential prerequisite for effective improvement of athletic performance, conditioning and recovery from fatigue after exercise, and avoidance of injury. Nutritional supplements containing carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and MoreIntroduction: Appropriate nutrition is an essential prerequisite for effective improvement of athletic performance, conditioning and recovery from fatigue after exercise, and avoidance of injury. Nutritional supplements containing carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals have been widely used in various sporting fields to provide a boost to the recommended daily allowance. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring, lipid-soluble compound that has been marketed for use by endurance athletes as an ergogenic aid. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of coQ10 dietary supplementation on athletics’ physiological factors such as: aerobic power, peak power, min power, average power and fatigue index. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, we studied 20men football players (age30±2.22, weight 72.85±8.64kg, height175.75±6.04cm, BMI23.50±1.90). Double-blind, placebo controlled method was employed. Players were divided randomly into two groups, oral CoQ10 group (DG) and placebo group (PG). Players in both groups performed RAST and Cooper test both before and after giving 100mg per day CoQ10 or placebo for 6 weeks to determine physiological factors such as aerobic power, peak power, min power, average power and fatigue index. We used paired t test and independent t test to analyze the data. Independent t test were performed and p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: DG group demonstrated improvements in aerobic endurance over the course of the study and there was significant difference (P=0.016) between the two groups. Supplementation with CoQ10 has no measurable effect on peak power (P=0.933), min power (P=0.258), average power (P=0.625) and fatigue index (P=0.569). Conclusion: Oral CoQ10 has measurable effect on aerobic endurance. The result of this study showed that at the end of the six week there was no difference between the two groups concerning peak power, min power, average power, and fatigue index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Effect of Sesame and Soybean Meal Mixture on Physicochemical, Textural Properties of Sausage
Z. Izadkhasti M. Fazel H. AbbasiIntroduction: In this study, according to the increasing production of meat products with higher nutritional value, the flour of sesame press cake, which is the waste of sesame seed oil extraction factory, was used as a low-priced supplement and rich in protein, fiber a MoreIntroduction: In this study, according to the increasing production of meat products with higher nutritional value, the flour of sesame press cake, which is the waste of sesame seed oil extraction factory, was used as a low-priced supplement and rich in protein, fiber and minerals, together with soy meal in the formulation of sausage of 40% chicken meat. Materials and Methods: Soy and sesame meal at concentrations of 2, 4, and 6% (100% sesame meal, 50% sesame meal and 50% soy meal, 100% soy meal) were added to the product to replace the wheat flour and compared to the control concerning the physicochemical (pH and moisture), color and textural properties of the samples (hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness and shear force). Results: By assessing the physicochemical and textural properties of the samples during storage period, the amount of pH, hardness and shear force increased and moisture content and cohesiveness, L*, a* and b* of the samples decreased and no significant change was observed in the springiness of the samples. Increasing the amount of substitution in the samples caused increases in L* of the samples and shear force and reduced the amount of pH, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and a* of the samples. On the other hand, by increasing the ratio of sesame meal, the moisture content, pH, hardness, shear force, cohesiveness, b* and a* of the samples were reduced. Conclusion: The use of sesame meal and soya in production of German sausage can produce acceptable product concerned with physicochemical and textural properties and higher nutritional value. The substitution of 3% sesame meal and 3% soy meal was introduced as the best sample. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Antifungal Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Thyme (Thymusvulgaris) and Carboxy Methyl Cellulose Edible Coating on the Shelf life of Fresh Hazelnut
R. Razavi Y. Maghsoudloo M. Ghorbani M. AalamiIntroduction: Today, biodegradable packaging is taken more consideration due to the environmental problems of the synthetic packaging materials. Edible coating is one of the important biodegradable active packaging material and is regarded as a suitable alternative for MoreIntroduction: Today, biodegradable packaging is taken more consideration due to the environmental problems of the synthetic packaging materials. Edible coating is one of the important biodegradable active packaging material and is regarded as a suitable alternative for the synthetic packaging studied. In this research the effects of edible coating based on carboxy methyl cellulose containing thyme was studied with particular reference to moisture absorption, fungal growth and sensory characteristics in coated raw hazelnut. Materials and Methods: The edible coatings were prepared at different concentration levels of carboxy methyl cellulose (0.0, 0.5, & 1.5% W/V) and thyme extracts (0.0, 0.5 & 1% V/V). The mean changes in fungal growth and sensory characteristics were determined for coated and uncoated (control) hazelnut over 21 weeks. The tests were applied in three replications using factorial design based on completely random design. Results: The results of this research showed that non-coated samples had the most moisture absorption, fungal growth and mold development rates. Addition of hydroalcoholic thyme extract to coating solution significantly reduced the fungal growth in coated samples (p≤ 0.05). The results of the sensory tests of the samples indicated that the use of carboxy methyl cellulose coating delayed the softening of the tissues. Conclusion: The use of edible coatings with carboxy methyl cellulose and thyme extract reduced the moisture absorption and mold growth and increased the shelf-life of the coated hazelnuts. Carboxy methyl cellulose, a biodegradable natural biopolymer might be regarded as an alternative to the synthetic packaging. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Effects of Walnut Oil and Kefiran on the Texture and Rheological Properties of Ice Cream
P. Habibi M. A. Ziaiifar F. Khodayean CheginiIntroduction: The replacement of saturated fatty acids by unsaturated fatty acids in ice cream formulation for patients with cardiovascular disease is quite desirable. In addition due to the positive nutritional effects of kefiran this product might be employed as a sta MoreIntroduction: The replacement of saturated fatty acids by unsaturated fatty acids in ice cream formulation for patients with cardiovascular disease is quite desirable. In addition due to the positive nutritional effects of kefiran this product might be employed as a stabiliser in dairy products. Materials and Methods: Samples of ice cream, containing kefiran (0.1-0.5%) and walnut oil (0-8%), were produced. The viscosity, rheology and texture (hardness and adhesion) were evaluated and the obtained data concerned with the mentioned tests were analysed using a central composite design with response surface method. Results: Kefiran and walnut oil exhibited significant effects on the samples of ice cream. The addition of kefiran significantly increased the viscosity, consistency coefficient and reduced the flow index, hardness and adhesion (p<0.05). By increasing the concentration of walnut oil, consistency coefficient, hardness, adhesion, apparent viscosity decreased and flow index increased. Interaction of kefiran and walnut oil also had significant effect on viscosity reduction (p<0.05), but did not have significant effect on other characteristics (p>0.05). Conclusion: 2% of walnut oil and 0.5% of kefiran might be regarded as a good combination to obtain a product with suitable rheological characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Modeling of Roasting Process of Peanut Kernels using Combined Infrared-Hot Air Method
H. Bagheri M. Kashaninejad A.M. Ziaiifar M. AlamiIntroduction: Roasting is one of the common methods of nuts processing and its purpose is to increase the total acceptability of products. The conventional roasting using hot air oven has drawbacks of low production rate, poor product quality, and high energy cost. Ther MoreIntroduction: Roasting is one of the common methods of nuts processing and its purpose is to increase the total acceptability of products. The conventional roasting using hot air oven has drawbacks of low production rate, poor product quality, and high energy cost. Therefore, there is a need to develop new processing methods that can produce roasted products. The combined infrared-hot air system was explored as a new roasting method for peanut kernels. Materials and Methods: In this study the combination of infrared (IR) and hot-air was explored for roasting of peanut kernels and the effects of processing conditions including hot air temperature (100 and 120 °C) and infrared power (130 W, 165 W and 200 W) on different characteristics of kernels (moisture content and energy consumption) were investigated. Roasting kinetics of peanut kernels were explained and compared using five mathematical models. In order to determine the coefficients of these models, non-linear regression analysis was applied. Results: According to the statistical analysis, two-term and logarithmic models showed the best fitted results. These models have acceptable R2 and adj R2 and low RMSE under all roasting conditions. Effective diffusivity coefficient of peanut kernels varied between 1. 915× 10-7 - 6.054× 10-7 m2/s. The value of Deff increased by increasing temperature and IR power. The results also showed that by increasing temperature and IR power, the moisture content (%, db.) of samples decreased and energy consumption increased. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that combination of infrared and hot-air roasting can produce high-quality roasted peanuts with lower energy cost; therefore it could be considered as a new technology for the peanut roasting industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Determination of the Nutritional Characteristics of the Oil Extracted from Persian Oak Fruit
Y. Iranmanesh H. Jahanazi GoujaniIntroduction: Oak treescover a vast area of Zagros forests. Acorn has numbers of nutritional characteristics and might be regarded as a good source of nutrition. The aim of this study is to describe the nutritional characteristics and physicochemical properties of acorn MoreIntroduction: Oak treescover a vast area of Zagros forests. Acorn has numbers of nutritional characteristics and might be regarded as a good source of nutrition. The aim of this study is to describe the nutritional characteristics and physicochemical properties of acorn oil. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Fourteen trees were selected randomly, in different diameter classes in two groups of single stem trees and coppice shoots. Thirty acorns were harvested from each tree and dried in an oven at 80 °C for 2 days. The nutritional elements of the seed were measured and the oil was extracted by light petroleum ether employing soxhlet aparatus. Results: The results indicated that nitrogen was present at high concentration followed by some elements namely Potassium, Calcium, Iron and Manganese in respective decreasing order. The oil concentration of the fruit accounted for 8.56% and the fatty acid profile of the fatty acid of the oil indicated that the predominant fatty acid was the monounsaturated fatty acid (Oleic 49.4%) followed by polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in respective decreasing order. Conclusion: Acorn of Persian Oak is important nutritionally and the oil contains an appreciable concentration of unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, good management concerned with acorn harvesting and oil production might be required and essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Fatty Acid and Sterol Composition of Oils Extracted from Pistachio, Walnut, Hazelnut and Almond Employing by Cold Press Method
Z. Piravivanak Sh. PoufalatoonIntroduction: Oils extracted from nuts by the cold press might be regarded as valuable oils due to their high yield, unique flavors characteristics. Due to the role of nuts in Iranian society regarding its high consumption, this preliminary study concerned with the fatt MoreIntroduction: Oils extracted from nuts by the cold press might be regarded as valuable oils due to their high yield, unique flavors characteristics. Due to the role of nuts in Iranian society regarding its high consumption, this preliminary study concerned with the fatty acid and sterol compositions of the oils extracted from the related nuts by cold press have been carried out. Materials and Methods: To define the chemical compositions of nut oils, four nuts consisting of pistachio, walnut, hazelnut and almond were collected from Kerman, Tuyserkan, Qazvin and Azarshahr areas respectively and the oils were extracted at 25°C using the cold press methods. Fatty acid and sterol compositions were determined using a gas chromatography equipped with a capillary column and Flame Ionisation Detector according to the defined methods of standard. Results: The results showed that oleic acid was predominant fatty acid in hazelnut (83.3%), almond (67.6%) and pistachio (63.3%) oils while the linoleic acid had the highest concentration in walnut oil (52.5%). The analysis of the sterol fractions of the nonsaponifiable matters of the extracted oils indicated that the apparent β-sitosterol was the predominant sterol and covered 85-91% of the total sterol fractions in all the oils examined. Conclusion: The results showed that the oils extracted from nuts have desirable quantities of oleic and linoleic acids. The results also indicated the absence of trans acids. Due to the presence of high concentrations of oleic acid in hazelnut, almond and pistachio, these oils have a good stability against oxidation chain reactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Evaluation of Heavy Metals, Aflatoxins and Microbial Contamination in Sayer Date
Rouhollah Shiralipour Maryam Alborzi Elnaz FathizadehIntroduction: According to the nutritional investigations, date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has a good nutritional value and is potentially a strategic export product due to its widespread cultivation in Iran. Date fruit plays an important role in the diets of Irania MoreIntroduction: According to the nutritional investigations, date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has a good nutritional value and is potentially a strategic export product due to its widespread cultivation in Iran. Date fruit plays an important role in the diets of Iranian people. For these reasons, monitoring the quality and safety of date is necessary and essential. Materials and Methods: In this survey, 15 samples of different brands of sayer date fruit were collected through Ahvaz market in order to analyse the heavy metals namely Pb and Cd, as well as Fe, Cu and Zn and detect aflatoxins B and G and evaluate the microbial contaminations. Sample preparations of date fruit were carried out according to AOAC 999.11 (Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu and Zn), ISIRI 6872 (aflatoxins) and ISIRI 10899-1 (yeast and mold) standard methods. Results: The mean values of Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn and Cu were 0.062, 0.040, 4.6, 1.5 and 2.5 µg g-1, respectively. There was no evidence to verify aflatoxins B and G existences in the collected samples. Microbial experiments have been performed on yeast and mold in date fruit samples. The results indicated no microbial contamination except in one sample suspicious to the presence of mold that was over the tolerable level according to ISIRI 16217. Conclusion: According to the results, the date fruit distributed in Ahvaz city was relatively healthy and safe to be consumed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Evaluation of Anti-Fungal Activity of Boswellia Gum Coating and Its Effect on the Shelf Life of Fresh Hazelnut
M. Smaeil Nasrabadi S. Golghin E. Azadfar H. Nori TopkanloIntroduction: Hazelnuts are rich in fat, protein, minerals and vitamins. If the conditions are unfavorable during storage, mold and aflatoxin production, moisture absorption and oxidative reactions will reduce the quality of the product. The aim of this study was to inv MoreIntroduction: Hazelnuts are rich in fat, protein, minerals and vitamins. If the conditions are unfavorable during storage, mold and aflatoxin production, moisture absorption and oxidative reactions will reduce the quality of the product. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hazelnut kernel coating with Boswellia gum on reducing these reactions. Materials and Methods: Boswellia gum was used in different concentrations of zero, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% to cover hazelnut kernels. Hazelnuts kernels were submerged in the prepared coating solutions for 30 seconds and then dried. The effect of oral coating of Boswellia gum on moisture absorption, oil oxidation and fungal growth of samples was studied during five months of storage. Results: The results showed that Boswellia gum significantly (p <0.05) reduced moisture absorption, fungi growth and percentage of Aspergillus mold development as compared to the control sample during storage. The gum also Boswellia significantly reduced peroxide and thiobarbituric acid indices compared to the control sample during storage. Conclusion: The results indicated that for Boswellia edible gum might be employed as a natural preservative hazelnut coating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Influence of Temperature and Air Velocity Changes on Drying Process of Peanut in Hot Air Dryer
M. Gholami Parshokohi E. Merzanezhad A. H. Ahmad Beigi M. Salimi BaniIntroduction: Decrease of moisture content to safe level in order to reach maximum maintenance is the principle goal of drying agricultural products. Parameters of temperature and air velocity are considered the main important factors in drying process. Mathematical mod MoreIntroduction: Decrease of moisture content to safe level in order to reach maximum maintenance is the principle goal of drying agricultural products. Parameters of temperature and air velocity are considered the main important factors in drying process. Mathematical modeling of drying process is used to design and improve available drying system and also to control the process. Materials and Methods: In this research, the effect of temperature (40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC) and air velocity (2 and 3 m.s-1) changes on drying time and rate of drying peanut using hot air dryer has been studied. Moisture variations during drying process under different conditions were fitted using various mathematical models including Newton, Two-term, Midili, Page, Modified Page and Logarithmic. Results: Factors of temperature and air velocity had significant effects on the drying time and the rate of drying (P<0.01). Conclusion: Effect of temperature on the drying process was considerable, therefore an increase in this parameter led to a 67.8% decrease in time and a 109% increase in drying rate. The maximum influence of air velocity on drying time and rate was 37.3 and 20.9%, respectively. Moisture variations during the drying process were well fitted to a two-term model(R=0.999). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Optimization of Pasta Formulation Containing Wheat, Quinoa Flour and Purslane Leaves Powder
M. Afshar B. Ghiasi Tarzi A. Seyed Yagoubi -
Open Access Article
47 - Characterization of a Traditional Egg-Free Crème Caramel Dessert Containing Chlorella protothecoides
F. Ziaziabari V. Fadaei -
Open Access Article
48 - The Effect of Different Solvent Systems on Some Chemical Properties of Pistachio Nut Oil Contaminated with Aflatoxin
N. Ahmadi Kamazani S. A. Mortazavi M. Ebrahimi Tajabadi , M. Hasani M. Ghotbi -
Open Access Article
49 - Evaluation of Acrylamide Contents of Potato Crisps Sold in Iranian Markets
R. Saeidi Asl M. Iraji Far M. Fahimdanesh -
Open Access Article
50 - Production of a New Drink by Using Date Syrup and Milk
F. Raiesi Ardali E. Rahimi S. Tahery M. A. Shariati -
Open Access Article
51 - Investigating Some Chemical Soil Properties in the Pollarded and Less-disturbed Forest Stands in the Northern Zagros (Case study: Baneh forest, Kurdistan)
Jian Rahimi Kyumars Mohammadi Samani Naghi Shabanian Mohammad Shafi RahmaniBackground and Objectives: A Northern Zagros oak forests have been pollarded since a long time ago and finally they have been destroyed by forest dwellers. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of pollarding on some soil chemical properties. Method:& MoreBackground and Objectives: A Northern Zagros oak forests have been pollarded since a long time ago and finally they have been destroyed by forest dwellers. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of pollarding on some soil chemical properties. Method: Two adjacent oak forest stands with similar physiography were selected including a less-disturbed area (as control stand) and pollarded stands that it periodically pollarded once every three years. 10 composite soil samples under the tree crown have been taken from 0-15 cm soil depth of each area. Finally, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, pH and EC were analyzed. Findings: The results showed that all soil factors had significant differences in theses area except magnesium and C/N ratio. The amount of calcium and pH increased in pollarded area compare with control while soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and EC decreased. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study showed that preservation of trees and stop pollarding trees in control area can produce a better soil condition compare with pollard stands. People use trees foliage to feeding livestock by oak pollarding in this forest so that these pollarding activities of local dwellers can reduce the amount of soil organic matter content and soil nutrient reserves. The decreasing of soil nutrient reserves will be very harmful to conserve the soil fertility and productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The Effect of Pumice on Irrigation Schedule and Nutritional Quality of Onion in two Types of Soil Texture under Deficit Irrigation
elnaz sabbagh tazeh Nasrin SadeghianBackground and Objective: Due to scarcity of water in most regions of Iran, the use of superabsorbent polymers is known as a helpful approach in improving soil physical and chemical properties, soil fertility and water resources storage. The purpose of this study was to MoreBackground and Objective: Due to scarcity of water in most regions of Iran, the use of superabsorbent polymers is known as a helpful approach in improving soil physical and chemical properties, soil fertility and water resources storage. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pumice on water availability, chemical and nutritional properties in a course and fine textured soils under onion cultivation. Method: This research, was conducted in spring of 2017 in greenhouse as factorial in form of CRD design with three factors including soil texture (with two levels: sandy loam and clay loam), irrigation schedule (with two levels: every 4 and every 7 days) and pumice (with four levels: 0 (C1), 2.5 (C2), 5 (C3) and 7.5 (C4) percentage w/w) which were carried out in three replications. Findings: Results, showed that increasing pumice rate, could increase P, K, S, Fe, Mn and Zn concentration in onion. In most cases, there was no significant difference between 5 and 7.5 percentages of pumice rates. Positive effect of pumice in sandy loam soil was more than clay loam. In pumice treatments, there was no significant difference between two irrigation rates, for none of parameters except for Cu concentration in plant. Discussion and Conclusion: By Application of 5 percentage w/w pumice in soil, irrigation schedule of onion could be increased from 4 days to 7 days. Noting that the irrigation schedule is one of the most important factors in onion cultivation, pumice application, can cause a good economic efficiency in water use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Study on some nutrients in urban sewage vermicompost (NASSAJI small town) by rice Straw as compared in international standard
fatemeh razzaghian ghadikolaei Ghasemali omrani Amirhesam hassaniBackground and Objective: the aim of this survey was prevent the environmental pollutant, urban sewage sludge management and vermicompost production by beneficial usage of rice straw as an agricultural trash which burn in arable rice grounds. Method: This study conduct MoreBackground and Objective: the aim of this survey was prevent the environmental pollutant, urban sewage sludge management and vermicompost production by beneficial usage of rice straw as an agricultural trash which burn in arable rice grounds. Method: This study conduct to evaluate the nutrition matter consist of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash in (21±4˚c) temperature and pH (7±0.5) in urban sewage management, and provided the suitable vermicompost by pure dehydrate urban sewage mixed in rice straw as compared with rice straw and manure complex and pure dehydrate urban sewage (control; PDUS) containing E. feothida from three replication in 8 week. At the end of the test amount of nutrition matter was compared between treatments in (p<0.05) value. Findings: Results shown, significant difference between treatment and reduced the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash (p<0.05).So, the best level of nitrogen (1.21±022)% ,phosphorus(0.69±0.03)% and potash(0.07±0.01)% was determined in rice chaff and manure complex treatment. After this treatment, the PDUS mixed by rice chaff group had best point than control group innutrition matter except in amount of potassium. In potassium level after rice chaff and manure complex, control group was set in second station and the lower point was in dehydrate urban sewage mixed by rice chaff group. Discussion and Conclusion: Followed our results, we can say that rice chaff was more effective to produce the urban sewage vermicompost. Also this is good agricultural manure cause to best nutritional value and it could be help us in urban sewage management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Influence of Salinity and Supplementary Calcium on Growth, Concentration of Some Nutrients and Quality of Tomato Fruit under Hydroponic Conditions
abolfazl azadi abdolmajid ronaghi zahra ahmadi mojtaba sadri zahra asadi saber heidariBackground and Objective: Soil salinity is one of the important stresses in agricultural production and plays an important role in reducing the growth of crops such as tomatoes. The proper concentration of calcium in salinity conditions is an important factor in control MoreBackground and Objective: Soil salinity is one of the important stresses in agricultural production and plays an important role in reducing the growth of crops such as tomatoes. The proper concentration of calcium in salinity conditions is an important factor in controlling sodium and chlorine toxicity and increasing the yield of sensitive plants especially tomatoes. This research was carried out to study the effect of salinity and supplemental calcium on growth, concentration of some nutrients and fruit quality of tomato under hydroponic conditions. Method: For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted on the based on a completely randomized design with three replications in year 89-90 in the greenhouse of the Soil Science Department of Shiraz University. The treatments consisted of three levels of salinity (0, 10 and 20 mM) from sodium chloride and three levels of calcium (0, 5 and 10 mM) from calcium nitrate source. Findings: The results showed that the application of supplemental calcium in saline conditions to the nutrient solution reduced the negative effects of salinity and high sodium and chloride on tomato growth, although this supplemental calcium did not improve the growth and yield of the fruit, but could be considered as a competitive factor in the absorption of other cations by the plant. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that the sodium chloride had a negative effect on root and shoot dry weight, but this weight loss was significant only for the root (25.77% decrease compared to the control sample). Increasing salinity reduced the amount of nitrogen in the shoots. Changes in potassium were not significant in shoots, but in the root with increasing salinity and calcium, potassium absorption decreased. The lowest potassium uptake in the root was obtained from treatment with salinity of 20 mM and no supplemental calcium. Sodium chloride (salinity) treatment increased root and shoot sodium concentrations, and supplementation of calcium reduced the sodium concentration in them. The highest amount of magnesium absorption in shoots was in salinity treatment (20 mM) and without calcium, and the lowest magnesium adsorption was in non-saline treatments with 10 mM calcium. Salinity increased the concentration of manganese, zinc and copper in shoots and increased zinc in the root. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Evaluation of the Influence of Sulfur and Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Soil pH and Uptake of Some of the Micronutrients by Corn.
Mohammad Reza Sabour Morteza Shokri Saeed Samavat Mohammad Reza FarahaniIntroduction: Application of sulfur and organic matters has an important role in improving ofphysicochemical properties in soils. In this research optimizing the mixture design between sulfur andmunicipal solid waste compost for application in an alkaline soil was teste MoreIntroduction: Application of sulfur and organic matters has an important role in improving ofphysicochemical properties in soils. In this research optimizing the mixture design between sulfur andmunicipal solid waste compost for application in an alkaline soil was tested.Materials & Methodology: In this research randomized designs with three replications is used. Theapplied factors were the total fertilizer content of compost and sulfur, M, and the ratio between sulfurand compost in fertilizer, T. M factor had four options, zero,0.5, 1 and 2 percent of soil weight and Tfactor include 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 sulfur to compost ratios.Discussion & Results: The obtained results indicated that all of treatments with 99 percentcontingency decreased the soil pH and T2M4 treatment had the best influence. The content of Znuptake by corn has been significant in 5 percent level in many treatments. The content of Fe uptakehad remarkable incensement in treatments, but it wasn't significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Determination of Carrying Capacity and Nutritional Dietary of Gazella Subgutturosa in Sorkh-e-Hesar National Park, Tehran province, Iran
Elmira Kazemi Jahandizi Mohammad kaboli Mahmoud Karami Mahmoud SoufiIntroduction: Gazella subgutturosa, which is herbivorous and ruminating mammals, is one of theartiodactyls in Iran. This species is one of the most important herbivorous species of Iranian plain. It isalso distributed in some protected area like Sorkhe-hesar national Pa MoreIntroduction: Gazella subgutturosa, which is herbivorous and ruminating mammals, is one of theartiodactyls in Iran. This species is one of the most important herbivorous species of Iranian plain. It isalso distributed in some protected area like Sorkhe-hesar national Park. The aim of this project wasdetermination of Nutritional carrying capacity of habitat and amount of available forages in criticalseason by using cutting and weighing method.Methods: Primary observations have been performed for determination of habitat restrictions andmonitoring tracks of this species. Therefore total monitoring tracks for this species was measured 44Km. Then these tracks have been visited daily and exact points for species presenting were recordedby GPS. In addition, herbaceous species, which are feed by Gazella subgutturosa were identified andalso listed by direct observation. Dried weight and density of herbaceous species which were grazedby Gazella subgutturosa were detected and biomass of Gazella subgutturosa habitat was calculated aswell.In next section, nutritional carrying capacity of Gazella subgutturosa in critical period was measuredby using animal units and daily requirement of Gazella subgutturosa to feeding. Cutting andweighting method and direct observation were also used for this measurement.Discussion: At the end of this project, 15 herbaceous species from 8 classes, which are using byGazella subgutturosa and wild sheep, have been identified. Furthermore it is recognized that Poaceaewith 8 species have most diversity in Gazella subgutturosa diet. To sum up, total carrying capacity forGazella subgutturosa protection in this area has been calculated 56 and 107 units with and withoutcompetitor’s assumption respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Efficiency of the processed walnut shell in removal of red reactive 2 dye from aqueous solutions
Fatemeh Asadi Abdollah Dargahi Ali Almasi Chiman Ali Karami Ahmad MohamadiBackground and Objective: Red reactive 2 dyes are colors which have many uses in textial industries the aim of this study is to eualuvate the efficiency of the processed walnut shell in the removal of red reactive 2 dye from aqueous solutions. Method: This study is an MoreBackground and Objective: Red reactive 2 dyes are colors which have many uses in textial industries the aim of this study is to eualuvate the efficiency of the processed walnut shell in the removal of red reactive 2 dye from aqueous solutions. Method: This study is an experimental type. Powder and granule walnut shell and red reactive 2 dyes have been used in different concentrations. Findings: The adsorption rate was affected by adsorbent rate and expose time. By increase of adsorbent rate from 0.5 to 2 g in 100ml, the adsorption rate increased from 50% to 96%. The maximum adsorption rate occurred in the first 10 min. Dye adsorption rate was adopted according to Langmuir isotherm adsorption. Conclusion: The comparisons indicate that the adsorption rate is much better in powder type than in granule type. Considering the acidic characterization of some dyes and high temperature of most of the industrial effluents, it is concluded that walnut shell can be used as dye sorbent in such wastewater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Nutrition Properties of Soil and Leaf of Eldar Pine Trees Irrigated by Municipal Effluent
Azadeh Salehi Masoud Tabari KochksaraeiMunicipal effluents can often contain significant concentrations of organic and inorganic nutrients. There is potential for these nutrients to be used as a fertilizer source when the water is recycled as an irrigation source. Therefore, long-term irrigation with municip MoreMunicipal effluents can often contain significant concentrations of organic and inorganic nutrients. There is potential for these nutrients to be used as a fertilizer source when the water is recycled as an irrigation source. Therefore, long-term irrigation with municipal effluents can add large amounts of nutrients to the soil and plant. A case study was undertaken to assess the impact of municipal effluent irrigation on macro and micro-nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) concentration of soil and leaf of eldar pine (Pinus eldarica Medw.) trees, in south of Tehran. For this purpose, Data were collected using technique of systematic random sampling with 4 replicates in two 15 year-old-artificial eldar pine stands 1) under irrigation of municipal effluent and 2) irrigated with well water. Municipal sewage and well water were sampled daily (3 days in each month) from early June to late November. Results indicated that the concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in municipal effluent and leaf of trees irrigated with municipal effluent were significantly greater compared with those of well water treatment. Application of municipal effluent resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in the concentrations of soil macro and micro-nutrients. The nutrients showed their greatest values in the upper layer of soil (0-15 cm). Irrigation using municipal effluent did not result in toxicity of nutrients in tree leaf and soil. The macro and micro-nutrient contents of leaf were correlated with their respective value in soil. It might be concluded that the municipal effluents could be utilized as a source of water and nutrients in afforestations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Concentration of micronutrient in Azola at cadmium and salinity contaminated environment
Salahedin Moradi Leyla Jahanban Tayebeh BasakiIntroduction: Rapid technological advances in recent decades are despite the many benefits for human, exposed the natural resources and environmental components to various contaminants such as heavy and toxic metals. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the pote MoreIntroduction: Rapid technological advances in recent decades are despite the many benefits for human, exposed the natural resources and environmental components to various contaminants such as heavy and toxic metals. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the potential of azolla, to absorb cadmium and micronutrient from solution contaning different concentrations of salinity, a factorial experiment with completely randomized design and three replications were conducted in the greenhouse. Cadmium was used from cadmium sulfate at the levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/liter using Epestin nutrient solution. The concentrations of NaCl in Epestin nutrient solutions were 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mM. Results: The azolla accumulated high concentration of cadmium solutions in their tissues. Assessing the effect of salinity on cadmium of the azolla indicated that increase in salinity levels of nutrient solution, increased cadmium concentration. Cadmium solutions increasing concentrations of cadmium (in plant), sodium, manganese, copper and decrease iron and zinc. Salinity treatments increased cadmium and sodium and decreasing concentrations of iron, zinc, manganese and copper. Mutual effects of cadmium and salinity treatments increased cadmium and sodium and decreasing concentrations of iron and zinc. Conclusion: Aplications of cadmium and salinity decreased the growth rate of azolla and even caused death where their concentrations were high. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The Soil Enrichment of Cations under the Influence of Canopy and Litterfal Leaching
Akrama Ahmadi Maryam Moslehi Jouybari Omid ZakeriBackground: The leaching from the surface of vegetation resulting from the complex relationship of soil and vegetation is an important part of the nutrition cycle that controls the ability of plants to access elements or the release of food from the ecosystem along with MoreBackground: The leaching from the surface of vegetation resulting from the complex relationship of soil and vegetation is an important part of the nutrition cycle that controls the ability of plants to access elements or the release of food from the ecosystem along with the decomposition process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the importance of trees leaching in the nutrient cycle (base cations) and introduce it as a vital nutrient source for improving soil fertility and sustainability of forest ecosystems.Methods: This study is a review on published studies, a library and a comprehensive review of the literature, nationally and internationally. Results: Leaching of nutrients from the canopy and forest floor with rapid absorption is an important factor of soil fertility and sustainability of ecosystems that should be considered in the forest management. Forest management and forest cover influence the nutrient quality and access in the soil and plants by erosion, litter quality, organic matter and nutrient cycling. For the forest management plan and marking, cut intensity, thinning and lightening intensity, additional information about the status and leaching intensity is required in any area to prevent the imbalance of the ecosystem with a comprehensive plan.Discussion and Conclusion: In fact, with sufficient information on the leaching function of different species and using in management, we can determine the correct combination in forestry and silviculture operations associated with soil fertility protection and increase of production potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Proteins in the Qoran & tradition
Abdol Majid Taleb Tash Masoome DavoodiThe great Qoran has greatly attempted about the bodily aspect of human which is the place and host of a holy spirit from the unique creator. So that there are more than 300 verses about food and nutrition, directly or indirectly. Because to be physically and mentally he MoreThe great Qoran has greatly attempted about the bodily aspect of human which is the place and host of a holy spirit from the unique creator. So that there are more than 300 verses about food and nutrition, directly or indirectly. Because to be physically and mentally healthy is undoubtedly essential to achieve human perfection and the kind offood and nutrition has the main role to fulfill this. The prophet ofIslam (p .f. h) considers the stomach as the source of any diseases and blames food and nutrition for any diseases .He considers being thrifty in eating as the best cure. In general there are many verses and traditions about this subject that we can prevent physical. mental and moral diseases by using them .. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The Reflection of Instructions and Islam's Ethic Orders in Shahriar Poetry
Mahboobeh Moslemi ZadehIslam religion compromises traditions and orders which lead human lives to their goals by obeying them. Mohammad Hossein Shahriar – who is one of the most distinguished role – models: said our leader – became eternal and inspired by Lord, Imams and Mes MoreIslam religion compromises traditions and orders which lead human lives to their goals by obeying them. Mohammad Hossein Shahriar – who is one of the most distinguished role – models: said our leader – became eternal and inspired by Lord, Imams and Messengers'' words. His poetries are all affected by his beliefs and Islam orders and principles can be seen in them although he attempted in innovation and modernity. The present paper extracts the ethical values, principles and minutiae from Shahriar's poetries and studies them based on narrations and traditions. Shahriar's strong and invincible beliefs are expressed as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Effect of modified atmosphere packaging and cinnamon and ginger essential oils on microbial growth and sensory properties of creamy donuts
Nazanin Zand Mohammad Reza Eshaghi Hiva AbolghasemObjectives: The effect of different concentrations of three types of gas mixtures (carbon dioxide, nitrogen),as well as vacuum and ordinary condition and ginger and cinnamon essential oils were evaluated to prolong shelf life of of creamy donut at ambient (25ºC) in MoreObjectives: The effect of different concentrations of three types of gas mixtures (carbon dioxide, nitrogen),as well as vacuum and ordinary condition and ginger and cinnamon essential oils were evaluated to prolong shelf life of of creamy donut at ambient (25ºC) in one 4-layer container (119 μ).Methods: Ordinary packaging, as control samples were compared with four type of modified atmosphere packaging 1) 80% CO2 + 20% N2; 2) 20% CO2 + 80% N2;3) 50% CO2 + 50% N2, and 4) under vacuum condition along with injection ginger and cinnamon essential oils and samples without essential oils. Experiments were performed on samples as follows microbial test (aerobics count, mold and yeast count ),chemical pH test, amount of dripped water and sensory evaluation during 20 days.Results: The shelf life, of creamy donut samples were reported with ginger essential oil under gas compositions, 80% CO2; 50% CO2 & 20% CO2 20, 19, 16 days in vacuum and ordinary conditions were 13, 11 days respectively, with cinnamon essential oil under different modified atmospheres, vacuum and ordinary conditions were 18, 16, 14, 11, 9 days, without essential oil injection, under gas compounds above and vacuum and ordinary conditions were 15, 13, 11, 9, 6 days respectively.Conclusion: The best condition belonged to samples containing ginger essential oil under conditions 80% CO2 till 20 days, which had desirable effects on microbial population (aerobics bacteria "4.82 logcfu/ml", mold & yeast "2.56 logcfu/ml"), amounts of pH (5.49), dripped water (%0.61) and also sensory properties of samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Improvement of leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll concentration (SPAD) soybean by Fe, Zn and Mn nano-chelates foliar application under limited irrigation conditions
Mohammad Saeed VagharObjectives: Maintaining the balance of nutrients leads to increase yield so the essential elements should be available enough in the process of plant nutrition. This experiment was performed by foliar application of iron, zinc, and manganese nano-clates under limited ir MoreObjectives: Maintaining the balance of nutrients leads to increase yield so the essential elements should be available enough in the process of plant nutrition. This experiment was performed by foliar application of iron, zinc, and manganese nano-clates under limited irrigation conditions to improving leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll concentration.Methods: The two years experiment was conducted (2016-2017). The main plot included four levels of irrigation: full irrigation, irrigation withhold at flowering stage, podding stage, and grain filling period. The subplot included eight levels of foliar application with Fe, Zn, Mn, Fe+Zn, Fe+Mn, Zn+Mn, Fe+Zn+Mn nano-chelates, and distilled water (control).Results: Drought stress reduced leaf area index significantly. The highest reduction was obtained from the interaction of control treatment and cessation of irrigation in the pod stage, which was 31.5% less than the full irrigation treatment. Foliar application of Zn+Mn was more successful in modulating drought stress and increased leaf area index by 49.4% compared to the control. Irrigation cessation in flowering stage increased chlorophyll concentration by 11.2% and decreased it by 16.5% in pod stage. With the application of Fe+Zn nano-chelate increased on leaf chlorophyll concentration in the pod stage and grain formation by 38.8% and 39.1% compared to the control and was recognized as the best treatment.Conclusion: In limited irrigation conditions, foliar feeding of Fe, Zn and Mn nano-chlates is a suitable solution and compatible with water crisis and can improve soybean yield by modifying drought stress and improving leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The effect of foliar feeding of iron, zinc and manganese nanochelates on chlorophyll fluorescence, iron, zinc and manganese concentration in seeds and soybean yield
Mohammad Saeed VagharObjective: Dehydration stress disrupts the balance of absorption and transfer of micronutrients from roots to aerial organs and is a serious threat to agricultural products. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of iron, zinc and manganese nano chelate MoreObjective: Dehydration stress disrupts the balance of absorption and transfer of micronutrients from roots to aerial organs and is a serious threat to agricultural products. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of iron, zinc and manganese nano chelate spraying on chlorophyll index, chlorophyll fluorescence, concentration of iron, zinc and manganese elements in seeds and their relationship with soybean yield.Materials and methods: The experiment was carried out in the form of a split plot, in the form of a completely randomized block design with three repetitions in two consecutive years. The main factor of the irrigation regime in the main plot includes stopping irrigation at the stage of flowering, podding, seed filling and full irrigation and the secondary factor of spraying with distilled water (control), iron, zinc, manganese, iron + zinc, iron + manganese, zinc + manganese. And iron + zinc + manganese were in sub-plots.Findings: Drought stress significantly reduced grain yield, which was the largest reduction in podding stage (31.4% reduction compared to the control). The lowest and highest amount of chlorophyll fluorescence was obtained due to stress in the stage of podding and full irrigation. Iron and iron + zinc treatments had the highest chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll index, respectively. The control treatment had the highest and the stress treatment had the lowest concentration of iron, zinc and manganese in the seed during the podding stage.Conclusion: Fertilization of iron, zinc and manganese nanochelates in water deficit conditions is a practical method to reduce chlorophyll fluorescence, increase the content of micronutrients in seeds and seed yield. The combined treatment of iron + zinc was the best treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Adsorption of Basic Blue 41 from Aqueous Solution onto Coconut Fiber Particles
Mona Yazdanshenas Khosro Farizadeh Ardeshir Fazilat Saeid Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
67 - Microwave Assisted Multi-component Synthesis of 4Hchromene Derivatives by Nano-coconut Shell-BF3 as a New Heterogeneous Catalyst
Hamid Reza Molaei Bahareh Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
68 - The Effect of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Mycorrhiza and Chemical Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Soybean (Glycine max L. cultivar Katoul) in Condition of Presence and Absence of Weeds
Bahram Parsa Hamid Abbasdokht Ahmad Gholami Abolfazl FarajiIn order to evaluate the competition of weeds with Soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivar Katoul along with the comparison of the effects of application of biological and chemical fertilizers separately and simultaneously, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete MoreIn order to evaluate the competition of weeds with Soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivar Katoul along with the comparison of the effects of application of biological and chemical fertilizers separately and simultaneously, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in a field in Ali Abad Katoul was carried out during the 2015-2016. Treatments were included weed management at two levels (weedy check and weed free), the use of bio-fertilizer at four levels (non-usage as control group, seed inoculation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria, seed inoculation by Mycorrhizae fungi (Glomus mosseae) and Co-inoculation of Mycorrhizae and Rhizobium), and the use of nitrogen fertilizer (pure nitrogen from urea fertilizer) at three levels (non-usage as control group, 25 and 50 kg/ha). The results showed that among photosynthetic pigments just chlorophyll a were affected by weed treatment and chlorophyll b and carotenoids were not affected, but all of them affected by biological and chemical treatments. Additionally interaction of weeds and biological fertilizers influenced plant phosphorus content and the highest content of phosphorus (0.48%) was related to weed control treatment and co-inoculation of bacteria and fungi and the least amount (0.19%) was related to weed infested and control group of biological fertilizer. Leaf potassium content was affected by triple interaction of weeds, biological fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. The results of the analysis of variance showed that oil and protein content was affected by weed and biological fertilizer treatments and chemical fertilizer treatment only affects protein content of the seed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - ’Death before Death’’
Abbas KaymaneshThis subject has derived from the man-mad word of Islam prophet (PBUH) when he had come back from infidels told that: ‘’ we went from little jihad to a bigger jihad’’. His words has changed to poetry that Sanaee Ghaznavi said that as poetry: The MoreThis subject has derived from the man-mad word of Islam prophet (PBUH) when he had come back from infidels told that: ‘’ we went from little jihad to a bigger jihad’’. His words has changed to poetry that Sanaee Ghaznavi said that as poetry: The meaning of ‘’death before death’’ is killing sensuality at human that Sanaee has been believed to it after his turmoil period. The leader of Islam world’s virtues ‘’Ali(PBUH)’’ when his head wounded said that ‘’ Swear to Ka’abe’s God that I’m blessed’’. Majority of Islamic mystics with influence of their leader has selected jihad with self or ego, which some of them has studied in this article. After Sanaee many of Islamic mystics include Attar and follow him Jalal ed din Mohumad Mulavi and many others had mentioned long speech for interpretation of ‘’death before death’’ same as prophet(PBUH) and Imam Ali(PBUH), in their books. The researcher of this article has studied about exigency death and different kinds of death in many mystics books as ‘’death before death’’. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Chemical profiling of the fruits of Styrax officinalis L. from Monti Lucretili (Latium region, Central Italy): Chemotaxonomy and nutraceutical potential
Alessandro Venditti Claudio Frezza Ilaria Serafini Sabina Pulone Giorgina Scardelletti Fabio Sciubba Armandodoriano Bianco Mauro Serafini -
Open Access Article
71 - Nutritional assessment, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential of traditionally used wild plant, Berberis tinctoria Lesch.
Arumugam Vignesh Kumarasamy Pradeepa Veerakumari Subramaniam Selvakumar Rajan Rakkiyappan Krishnan Vasanth -
Open Access Article
72 - The organic extracts from the leaves of Ficus thonningii Blume, Jatropha tanjorensis J.L Ellis and Saroja and Justicia carnea Lindley as potential nutraceutical antioxidants and functional foods
Kingsley Ijoma Vincent Ishmael Ajiwe Stanley Odinma -
Open Access Article
73 - Evaluation of cholesterol lowering property of selected herbs in ghee (heat clarified milk fat)
Krupaben M. Shingala Rayan V. Lunagariya Bhavbhuti M. Mehta V.B. Darji K.D. Aparnathi -
Open Access Article
74 - A Study Using Nutritional Materials and its Relationship With Academic Performance and Measurement of 24 Hour Reminder Food on the Primary School Students of Ahwaz City
Shamsodin Ansari - Gholam Hossein EbadiThis research was aimed to identify and estimate the amount of nutritional consumption and comparing them in the form of pyramid of nutrition guide and its effect on the academic performances and measurement of antropoetric on the primary school students of Ahwaz city. MoreThis research was aimed to identify and estimate the amount of nutritional consumption and comparing them in the form of pyramid of nutrition guide and its effect on the academic performances and measurement of antropoetric on the primary school students of Ahwaz city. By using cluster sampling from four regions, 28 schools and 140 classes hare been chosen. Among the students chosen were 560 girl and 560 boy students and a total of 1120 students chosen and two questionnaires mere used. The nutrition has been taken in the last 24 hours according to their kind and amounts registered and weight and height of the subjects, hare been measured and other data registered. The data hare been analyzed with the use of SPSS software (l l .5) The results show that the mean of weight and height of different ages and gedder of the students with NCHS standard have significant differences (I3 < 0.001) and subjects nutrition arrangement like (balance, appreciativeness), variation and receptivity of basic nutritional materials such as (milk, meat, bread, grains, vegetables, fruit, sweet, and oi) have significant differences in nutitional indexes pyramid (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Effect of β-sitosterol-enriched walnut oil on blood parameters and liver function in diabetic rats
Monireh Ghorbani عبدالحسین شیروی Gholamhassan Vaezi Vida Hojati Hamid SepehriProblems and complications associated with liver enzyme changes can be regarded as some effects of Diabetes Mellitus. Using a nutritional approach is a significant part of the prevention, control and treatment process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect MoreProblems and complications associated with liver enzyme changes can be regarded as some effects of Diabetes Mellitus. Using a nutritional approach is a significant part of the prevention, control and treatment process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of walnut oil enriched with beta-cytosol on blood parameters of liver function in diabetic rats.The study sample consisted of 30 mice divided into 5 groups of 6 rats, where each group was kept in a separate cage. Five treatments were considered in this experiment, where control group received normal saline, the second treatment were given pure walnut oil without the addition of β-sitosterol and the other three groups were gavaged with 30, 45, 60 mg / kg β-sitosterol. After 4 weeks of gavage, the next stage of blood sampling was performed. Insulin and blood glucose were measured after blood serum separation along with the measurement of blood factors such as cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density cholesterol (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and albumin. Significant differences existed among the mean values of the tests in the control group and the intervention groups without, with 30 mg/kg, with 45 mg/kg, and with 60 mg/kg β-sitosterol. These significant differences among the treatments were seen in mean fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density cholesterol (HDL), total aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and albumin.β-sitosterol-enriched walnut oil can be regarded as a helpful option to control diabetes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Clothing and its Symbols in Mystical Literature
Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Yadullah Bahmani MotlaqClothes and gourds in Islamic mysticism are considered to be worn and used from cover to cover as a symbol of movement in various meanings and have given special effects to the mystical literature in poetry and prose. This article examines the examples of mystic and Suf MoreClothes and gourds in Islamic mysticism are considered to be worn and used from cover to cover as a symbol of movement in various meanings and have given special effects to the mystical literature in poetry and prose. This article examines the examples of mystic and Sufi clothing according to their symbols and its reflection in the mystical literature. Graffiti covers the most important part of the Sufis' veil, signifying a spiritual connection with the spiritual master and the elder, symbolizing austerity and disregard for the world and for the journey. Dressing a thousand stitches in a thousand divine names, "Qasemi" dressed as Chuck and a symbol of the plurality and martyrdom of Imam Hussein (AS) and so on are other spiritual symbols. The most important characteristic of the mystic's "color" and "shape" was that the symbols of white, black, sweatshirt were more than other colors, and the simple shape of the short, patchy and old cup was also a common symbol of ignorance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Antifeedant and growth inhibitory activities of essential oils from Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus camaldulensis on Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Karim SAEIDIThe cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is one of the major pests infesting stored pulses and is distributed worldwide. In this research, efficiency of plant extracts from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Eucalyptus MoreThe cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is one of the major pests infesting stored pulses and is distributed worldwide. In this research, efficiency of plant extracts from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. were tested against the cowpea seed beetle for its antifeedant activity. Several experiments were designed to measure the nutritional indices such as relative growth rate (RGR), Relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and feeding deterrence index (FDI). Treatments were evaluated using a flour disk bioassay in the dark, at 27±1°C and 65±5% relative humidity concentrations of 0, 100, 500, 750, 1000, and 1500 mg/l were prepared from each essential oil and 10 adult insects were introduced into each treatment. After 72 h, nutritional indices were calculated. E. globulus oils were more effective than E. camaldulensis oils, by significantly decreasing the RGR, RCR and ECI. Both of plant essential oils, with the same activity, increased FDI as the oil concentration was increased, showing high feeding deterrence activity against C. maculatus. Generally, antifeedant activity of E. globulus was more effective than E. camaldulensis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - A laboratory investigation on virulence of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on Zeuzera pyrina larvae
Zahra Mirafzali Sayed Mohammad Reza KhoshrooZeuzera pyrina (Linnaeus, 1761) (Lepidoptera: Coccidae) is a polyphagous pest that feeds more than 100 plant species. Entomophagous fungi are one of the limiting factors to control the population of this pest in nature. In this study, the lethal effect of two fungi Meta MoreZeuzera pyrina (Linnaeus, 1761) (Lepidoptera: Coccidae) is a polyphagous pest that feeds more than 100 plant species. Entomophagous fungi are one of the limiting factors to control the population of this pest in nature. In this study, the lethal effect of two fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana on the first and second larval instars of Zeuzera pyrina was investigated in laboratory conditions. The first and second instar larvae of Z. pyrinia were collected from the branches of walnut trees in Baft, Kerman province, Iran. The larvae were transferred to sterile Petri dishes after sterilization with Mercury chloride and distilled water. Spore suspension at concentrations of 1.5 ×10 6, 1.5×10 7, 1.5×10 8 conidia/ml was prepared, and then mortality rate of adults was examined after 5, 6, 9, 12, 14, 16 days. The lowest value LC50 in presence of B. bassiana (16 day), M. anisoplaie (12day) and two combined fungi (50:50), M. anisoplaie and B. bassiana (9 day) was 1/5×104.5, 1/5×103.9 and 1/5×102.2 conidia/ml respectively. Therefore, the combination of two B. bassiana and M. anisoplaie fungi had the best effect in the shortest time and M. anisoplaie had better effect than B. bassiana. Nowadays, biological control is one of the best and most practical control programs to protect of environment; biological control of pests, chemical pesticides that have harmful effects on humans and other organisms. In this study, the simultaneous use of two fungi B. bassiana and M. anisoplaie caused to 100% mortality of woodworker worm larvae during 16 days in concentration of1/5 ×10 8 conidia/ml. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Contact toxicity of three plant essential oils on adult insects of Sithophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Yasamin Motamedi Majid Fallahzadeh Vahid RoshanRecently, there has been growing interest in research concerning the possible use of plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Essential oils are among the best-known substances tested against insects. These compounds may act as fumigants, contact insect MoreRecently, there has been growing interest in research concerning the possible use of plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Essential oils are among the best-known substances tested against insects. These compounds may act as fumigants, contact insecticides, repllants, antifeedants and may affect growth and development of the insect. In an attempt to find a natural and inexpensive method for the control of stored-product pests, contact toxicity of essential oils of Mentha longifolia L., Tagetes minuta L. and Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. was investigated on adult insects of Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) on laboratory condition. The oils were extracted by using Clevenger apparatus. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design of factorial experiment with five concentrations and three replications at R.H in darkness. The results showed that the percentage of mortality was increased with increase in concentration and exposure of time. The highest contact toxicity was related to M. longifolia and the lowest toxicity was recorded for S. macrosiphon against insects. At the highest concentration of essential oils (35 µl/ml) by M. longifolia,T. minuta and S. macrosiphon the mortality were recorded as 93.3%,83.3% and 70% against S. oryzae after 48h, respectively. The LC50 values were evaluated by M. longifolia, T. minuta and S. macrosiphon 18.892, 21.003 and 24.482 for S. oryzae after 48h .According to the results, the essential oils of M. longifolia,T. minuta and S. macrosiphon are sources of biologically active vapor that can be used in protection of stored grains against rice weevil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Study of interaction between plant nutrition and cucumber Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum
Parvin Younesi Hasan Reza Etebarian Ali Mohammad RoustaeeCucumber wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum is one of the most important diseases of cucumber. Disease severity can be decreased by plant nutrition management, especially nitrogen level. In this study, the effects of nitrogen sources such MoreCucumber wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum is one of the most important diseases of cucumber. Disease severity can be decreased by plant nutrition management, especially nitrogen level. In this study, the effects of nitrogen sources such as KNO3 and NH4NO3 on the growth of fungus (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum) on PDA medium and interaction between plant nutrition (N) and cucumber Fusarium wiltdisease on some cultivar of cucumber in greenhouse hydroponic culture were investigated. The effects of nitrogen sources such as KNO3 and NH4NO3 were investigated on growth area of F.oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on PDA medium by a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Variance analysis of growth area of the fungus showed significant effect on the different factors used in this experiment. The highest area growth of fungus was obtained at 0.1 g/l for KNO3 . Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) significantly reduced the mycelial growth compared to the control treatment. Effects of different N levels were investigated on two greenhouse cucumber cultivars (exterem and soltan) at the presence of fungus (F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum). A completely randomized design with 4 replications was used for this experiment. The results showed that increasing of nitrogen level (20 meq/l NO3-) compared to the control treatment (distilled water + fungus) decrease the disease severity. The results showed that cucumber nutrition with nitrogen affects the F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Also the importance of plant nutrituin management for decrease of disease severity was shown. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Anti-feeding effects of sublethal concentrations of fungus Beauveria bassiana Balsamo, Beauveria brongniartii Saccardo and Metarhizium anisopliae Metsch on the date's horn beetle larvae Oryctes elegans
M. Latifian B. RadThe effects of sub-lethal doses of the fungi, B.bassiana, B.brongniartii and M. anisopliae on feeding ability of the larvae of the date horned beetle and the indices of digestion, absorption and excretion of this pest were studied in laboratory condition. First, the sub MoreThe effects of sub-lethal doses of the fungi, B.bassiana, B.brongniartii and M. anisopliae on feeding ability of the larvae of the date horned beetle and the indices of digestion, absorption and excretion of this pest were studied in laboratory condition. First, the sub-lethal doses of 50 and 90% of reducing power ability (EC50 and EC90) was calculated and then the physiological feeding indices including Relative Consumption Rate (RCR), Efficiency of Conversion of Ingested food (ECI, Efficiency of Digested food (ECD), Approximate Digestibility (AD) were estimated. The results showed that the isolates of all three pathogenic fungi had a significant different high ability to reduce the feeding efficiency of the date- pest larvae. The highest and lowest abilities belonged to M. anisopliae and B. bassiana with the EC50 of 4.27×104 and 7.95×104 spores/ml, respectively. There was a significant difference between physiological feeding indices of the pest larvae when they were exposed to applied doses of spores. In all three pathogenic fungi species, increasing doses of spore decreased the values of MRG, ECI,ECD and AD, but increased the value of PCR. The highest of the regression lines of the indices on log scale of doses was recorded in M. anisopliae and then the two other species, B. brongniartii and B. bassiana. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Fumigant toxicity of essential oils extracted from three plant species against Sithophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Y. Motamedi M. Fallahzadeh V. RoshanOver the past few decades, many investigations have been conducted on different plant products in order to obtain safer and more effective alternatives rather than chemical insecticides for controlling store-product insects. For this purpose, in search of alternatives a MoreOver the past few decades, many investigations have been conducted on different plant products in order to obtain safer and more effective alternatives rather than chemical insecticides for controlling store-product insects. For this purpose, in search of alternatives agents for conventional pesticides, the fumigant activity of essential oils from Mentha longifolia L., Tagetes minuta L. and Salvia macrosiphon Boiss. were tested against adult insects of Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on laboratory condition. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design of factorial experiment with five concentrations and three replications at 25±10C, 60±5% R.H in darkness. The results showed that the percentage of mortality was increased with increase in concentration and exposure period. The highest fumigant toxicity was related to M. longifolia and the lowest toxicity was recorded for S. macrosiphon against insects. At the highest concentration of essential oils (25μl/L of air) by M. longifolia, T. minuta and S. macrosiphon the mortality were recorded as 80%, 73.3% and 66.6% after 12h and 96.6%, 86.6% and 73.3% after 24h against S. oryzae, respectively. The LC50 values were evaluated by M. longifoli, T. minuta and S. macrosiphon 8.166, 11.488 and 14.161 μl/L of air after 12h and 5.898, 7.814 and 11.068 μl/L of air after 24h for S. oryzae. According to the results, the essential oils of M. longifolia, T. minuta and S. macrosiphon are source of biologically active vapor that can be used in protection of stored grains against rice weevil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Study of toxicity and nutritive indicators of herbal essential oils of cinnamon, peppermint and Eucalyptus against different stages of Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) in vivo
S. momen beitollahi reza vafaie z. rafiei karahroudiElm leaf beetle is one of the most important pests of Elm trees at adult stage and especially at larval stages. In this research work, the contact toxicity and nutritive indicators of Cinnamon, Peppermint, and Eucalyptus have been investigated. The experiments were perf MoreElm leaf beetle is one of the most important pests of Elm trees at adult stage and especially at larval stages. In this research work, the contact toxicity and nutritive indicators of Cinnamon, Peppermint, and Eucalyptus have been investigated. The experiments were performed in five densities with three repetitions for each essential and for each life stage of the elm leaf beetle at 25±1C0 and relative humidity of 60±5 percent for 16 hours in daylight and 8 hours in darkness in vitro. The results obtained from biometry data showed that with an increase in density of the essential oils, the mortality rate of elm leaf beetle at different stages of their life increased for all the three essential oils. Based on these results, the essential oil of Cinnamon proved to have the most effect at different stages of elm leaf insect by creating 80 percent mortality relative to the two essential oils of eucalyptus and peppermint after 24 hours. Furthermore, with an increase in the density of the essential oils, the nutritive indicators at the second. instar larva were also reduced. Statistical analysis of variance showed that the relative rate of second instar larva (PCR) in cinnamon essential oil in three concentrations of LC25, LC35 and LC50 compared with the control group was more meaningful compared with the two other essential oils at 5 percent and nutrition inhibition was positive for all the essential oils especially for cinnamon essential oil. The findings indicate that Cinnamon essential oil compared to Peppermint, and Eucalyptus essential oils is a more suitable candidate to control this pest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Investigation of effects of toxicity and healthy eating (nutritional) index of Cinnamomum, Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Lavandula angustifolia L. essential oils on biological stages of Xanthogaleruca luteola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
S. momen beitollahi r. vafaie Z. rafiea karahrudiXanthogaleruca luteola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is considered as one of the most important pests of Ulmus trees at the adult insect stage, especially at the larval stages. The effect of toxicity and nutritional indicators of essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum L. MoreXanthogaleruca luteola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is considered as one of the most important pests of Ulmus trees at the adult insect stage, especially at the larval stages. The effect of toxicity and nutritional indicators of essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Lavandula angustifolia L. on different biological stages of X. luteola investigated under standard environmental conditions. Four replications were considered and after 24 hours, losses were counted. LC50 values for toxicity of C. zeylanicum L., R. officinalis L. and L. angustifolia L. essential oils on adult X. luteola were estimated to be 11.57, 28.83 and 737.87 ppm, respectively, indicating that Cinnamomum essential oil is more toxic than other essential oils. With increasing concentrations of essential oils, eating indicators of second-instar larvae reduced. The relative consumption rate (RCR) of second-instar larvae in Cinnamomum essential oil at concentrations of LC25, LC35 and LC50 showed a significant difference with the control treatment at the level of 5%. The results of essential oil analysis showed that cinnamaldehyde (91.8%), 1, 8-cinnamol (37.8%) and borneol (8.4%) are the predominant compounds in C. zeylanicum L., R. officinalis L. and L. angustifolia L. essential oils, respectively. Increased nutritional inhibition in Cinnamomum essential oil compared to R. officinalis L. and L. angustifolia L. essential oils can be attributed to the strong toxicity of cinnamaldehyde available in this essential oil. The study results show that Cinnamomum essential oil is a more suitable option for controlling this pest than R. officinalis L. and L. angustifolia L. essential oils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Mating disruption for controlling the leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L. (Lep.: Cossidae) by ZEUTEC commercial product in the walnut orchards
F. Shafaghi M. Jafar lou S. V. Farhangi A. Avand Faghih R. ShahsavariLeopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina is a key pest of walnut in Iran. In this study, the efficiency of mating disruption by commercial product ZEUTEC was evaluated in East Azerbaijan and Ghazvin provinces. The study was conducted in 10 plots each with the area of one hectar mos MoreLeopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina is a key pest of walnut in Iran. In this study, the efficiency of mating disruption by commercial product ZEUTEC was evaluated in East Azerbaijan and Ghazvin provinces. The study was conducted in 10 plots each with the area of one hectar mostly covered with walnut trees.Half of the plots were used as treatment applying ZUTEC and half for control (without any control method of leopard moth). In each treatment plots 300pheromon edispenser were attached on each tree and three pheromone traps were also installed in eah of all plots before emerging the adults at the beginning of the season. The number of larval entrance holes on 8 one-year-old branches of 15 trees, located at the center of each plot, was counted at the end of summer to assess the damage caused by the pest in experimental plots. The mean number of larva entrance holes on each branch were compared in different treatments by t- test. The pheromone traps did not capture any adult in the plots where mating disruption pheromone was performed during the experiment in both provinces while the traps caught the adults in the control plots. This result confirmed the efficiency of this product for mis-orientation of the males. The mean number of larval entrance holes on branches in plots with pheromone mating disruption and control were respectively 1.693±0.169, and 4.39±0.232 in Ghazvin province, and 0.174±0.037, and 1.696±0.134 in East Azarbaiejan province which were significantly different. (P < 0.01). The results showed the efficiency of mating disruption technique by this product for reducing the damage of the pest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Effect of eighteen plant essential oils on nutritional indices of larvae Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lep., Pyralidae)
Z. Rafiei-Karahroodi S. Moharramipour H. Farazmand J. Karimzadeh-EsfahaniEssential oils are suitable components as alternate for chemical pesticides. Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella Hubner is one of the most important stored product pests. In this research, effects of essential oils of 18 medicinal plants were studied on nutritional i MoreEssential oils are suitable components as alternate for chemical pesticides. Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella Hubner is one of the most important stored product pests. In this research, effects of essential oils of 18 medicinal plants were studied on nutritional indices of 15 days-old larvae of this pest. Nutritional indices determined in this study were Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Relative Consumption Rate (RCR), Efficacy of Conversion of Ingested Food (ECI) and Feeding Deterrence Index (FDI). In this study, 20 µl from 3, 12 and 24 ppm of the oil solution was mixed with one gram of the food. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design in a factorial experiment with three replications. The results showed that essential oils had not any significant effect compare with control on RGR and ECI. The index of RCR was significantly decreased except in Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. Decreasing RCR in treatments might be due to feeding deterrency of the essential oils. FDI was positive in all treatment except in Z. clinopodioides with the least FDI. Nutritional indices were significantly not affectd by increasing concentration. The highest deterrency was observed by Mentha piperata L., Cinnamomum zelanicum Bl., Salvia multicaulis Vahl., Melissa officinalis L., Achillea millefolium L. As these essential oils at low concentration of 0.06, 0.24 and 0.5 µg/kg caused the high deterrency, therefore these essential oils could be applicable on the management of Indian meal moth in storage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Evaluation of the biological indices of tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick, on tomato plants treated with calcium and silicon nutrition in greenhouse conditions
A. Ghassemi-Kahrizeh S. KhanchahzarExcessive use of chemical pesticides in recent decades has caused problems in relation to the environment, human health, non-target organisms, water pollution and increased resistance of insects. Therefore, various strategies can be used, such as the use of nutrition fo MoreExcessive use of chemical pesticides in recent decades has caused problems in relation to the environment, human health, non-target organisms, water pollution and increased resistance of insects. Therefore, various strategies can be used, such as the use of nutrition for resistance to pests. In this research, the biological indices of tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Ghelechiidae), was investigated on tomato plants (Falat cultivar) treated with nutrients calcium, silicon and mixture of calcium+silicon in greenhouse conditions. Significant differences were observed between treatments for all studied traits except pre-pupal period (P˂0.05). Means comparison revealed that the lowest density of larvae, pupae and adults was observed on mixture treatment calcium+silicon with means values of 17.00±0.41, 16.00±0.41 and 11.50±0.29 number per plant, respectively while the greatest density of larvae, pupae and adults was observed on control with means values of 21.00±0.41, 20.25±0.48 and 20.00±0.92 number per plant, respectively. The lowest and greatest larvae periods was observed on mixture treatment calcium+silicon and control with means values of 13.25±0.29 and 21.00±0.58 days, respectively, also, the lowest and greatest pupae periods was observed on mixture treatment calcium+silicon and control with means values of 9.75±0.48 and 12.75±0.63 days, respectively. The lowest and greatest longevity of adults was observed on mixture treatment calcium+silicon and control with means values of 19.00±0.91 and 38.00±0.82 days, respectively. The lowest larvae and pupae weights was observed on mixture treatment calcium+silicon with means values of 8.00±0.58 and 6.50±0.64 mg, respectively. The greatest larvae and pupae weights was observed on control with means values of 23.25±0.85 and 22.00±0.82 mg, respectively. The results showed that calcium and silicon foliar application can be caused biological control of tomato leaf miner and can be reduced its injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Influence of Drying Conditions and Temperature on Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana) Fruit Quality
Behzad Kaviani Davood Hashemabadi Sara Khayyati Babaei Zahra YousefiHazelnut fruit or kernel has nutritional and medicinal value and is consumed raw or roasted. Used hazelnut was Gerd-e-Eshkevarat. To determine the best drying temperature for hazelnuts, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with two factors; dryer air MoreHazelnut fruit or kernel has nutritional and medicinal value and is consumed raw or roasted. Used hazelnut was Gerd-e-Eshkevarat. To determine the best drying temperature for hazelnuts, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with two factors; dryer air temperature in three levels (40, 50 and 60°C) and fruit type in two levels (with and without skin) in three replications was applied. Fruits were dried in a thin layer with a laboratory dryer. To determine the specialized energy required for drying hazelnut in each treatment, electrical work equation in dryer (heater work + fan work) was used. Peroxide and acidity of hazelnut oil were measured by standard institute and Iran industrial research methods. The results showed that the interaction effect of fruit type and temperature was not significant on fruit oil percentage, but other traits were influenced by interaction effect of treatments. The highest percentage of protein (13.62%) was obtained in roasted hazelnuts with 60°C and with skin. The highest and lowest percentage of oil acidity (0.28 and 0.11%) were recorded in roasted hazelnuts with 50°C with and without skin, respectively. Peroxide numeral value (8.25 and 1.30) was obtained in roasted hazelnuts with 40 and 60°C with skin, respectively. Overall, 60°C was the most suitable temperature for drying hazelnut fruit which resulted to enhance most physiologic and taste traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Preharvest factors effective in maintaining the quality of kiwifruit during storage
Mohammad Ali ShiriKiwifruit cv. Hayward has a high nutritional value due to its high content of vitamin C, phenolic compounds, minerals and organic acids. This has caused a significant increase in its production and consumption both in our country and in the world in recent years. Fruit MoreKiwifruit cv. Hayward has a high nutritional value due to its high content of vitamin C, phenolic compounds, minerals and organic acids. This has caused a significant increase in its production and consumption both in our country and in the world in recent years. Fruit quality both at the harvest time and during kiwifruit storage depends on a set of factors related to planting, and harvesting, as well as postharvest factors. Among the most important factors that affect the quality and storage of kiwifruit during the growing season, we can mention the cultivar, tree nutrition, pollination, tree crown management, summer pruning, degree of maturity and ripening, and the amount of fruit dry matter. Controlling each of these factors by considering their interaction effects can not only affect the quality of the fruit effectively and usefully but also increase the storability of kiwifruit.but also increase the storability of kiwifruit.but also increase the storability of kiwifruit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc Sulfate Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)
Arvin Behdarvandan Yahya Soleymani Mojtaba AlavifazelFor the purpose of study on the different levels effects of nitrogen fertilizers and zinc sulfate on seed yield and yield components of barley (figure 13 sarasari barley), the experiment was conducted to factorial based on statistical plan format of block randomized des MoreFor the purpose of study on the different levels effects of nitrogen fertilizers and zinc sulfate on seed yield and yield components of barley (figure 13 sarasari barley), the experiment was conducted to factorial based on statistical plan format of block randomized design in karun area of Khuzestan province with four replications. In this research nitrogen fertilizer in 3 levels (0,30,60 kg ha-1), and zinc sulfate fertilizer in four levels (0,10,20,30 kg ha-1) that were supply with strip application which available to crop at seeding times. The results showed that different levels of zinc sulfate and nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects on yield and yield components at one percent level. So that by using maximum nitrogen fertilizer seed produce increase to maximum (3.28 tons per hectare) and biological yield harvest index (9.34 tons in hectare), obtained by consumption of 60 kg nitrogen fertilizer per hectare. So grain performance and biological function affected by zinc sulfate as a result maximum of product of grain. (3 tons per hectare). Biological (9.19 tons per hectare) caused by usage of 30 kg zinc sulfate per hectare. Between fertilizer levels, zinc sulfate fertilizer treatment of 30 kg per hectare in terms of production numbers of seeds per yield and harvest index. The most suitable treatment known is nitrogen fertilizer also relative to non-consumption conditions caused increasing of spike per levels, seeds amount per spike and harvest index and the weight of 1000 seeds of barley. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - A Study on the Effect of Nano-Fertilizer Foliar and Cultivation Date on Growth and Yield of Potato Santeh Cultivar
Amir Khodadadi Karkoki Mohammadreza Yavarzadeh Mohammadmehdi Akbarian Ali akbar AskariGiven the growing population of the world, meeting the nutritional and medicinal needs of plant products is very important. It is very important to pay attention to the effects of cultivation date and suitable cultivation area in order to provide the nutrients needed by MoreGiven the growing population of the world, meeting the nutritional and medicinal needs of plant products is very important. It is very important to pay attention to the effects of cultivation date and suitable cultivation area in order to provide the nutrients needed by plants to achieve high yield and desired quality crops. One of the most important factors in the growth and yield of potatoes is nutrition and determining the appropriate planting date according to the geographical area, which is one of the main objectives of the present study. The research was conducted as a split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in Jihad Keshavarzi research farms located in Islamabad, Zahkloot and Kerman provinces. The main factor of geographical areas in the stages of flowering and tuber filling and the sub-factor including two planting dates (October 5 and 25) were examined. The results showed that the results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of area treatment, culture date and foliar application on the concentration of chlorophyll an and leaf carotenoids was significant. While it was not significant on chlorophyll b concentration. All bilateral effects except region on planting date were significant in chlorophyll a but not significant on tripartite effect. The highest concentration of chlorophyll a (34.1 mg / g fresh leaf) was obtained in foliar application of 1% iron nanoparticles with 2% magnesium nanoparticles Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Evaluation Effect of Different Levels of Zinc and Manganese Nano-Chelate on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Poran Alasvand Alireza Shokuhfar -
Open Access Article
93 - Response of Seed Yield and Its Components of Bread Wheat to Different Level of Combination Chemical and Biological Fertilizer and Several Type of Application Fertilizer
Zhaleh Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
94 - Salt Tolerance in Rice Cultivars and Changes in Sodium and Potassium Ions
Masomeh Farasat -
Open Access Article
95 - Evaluation Effect of Livestock Manure and Urea Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Corn and Correlation Between Traits (S.C 704)
Mohammad Momeni Ali Gholami -
Open Access Article
96 - Evaluation Effect of Copper Sulphate and Manganese on Yield and Chemical Markers of Maize under Water Deficit Condition
Mohamad Reza Dadnia Reza Mori Sharyani -
Open Access Article
97 - Evaluation Amino Acids and Iron Nano particles on Photosynthetic Pigments and Yield of Potato
Arash Roozbahani Sanaz Pour Ali -
Open Access Article
98 - Response of Yield and Morphophysiological Characteristics of Corn (SC 704) to Different Source of Potash Fertilizer under Deficient Irrigation Situation (at South West of Iran)
Sattar Kazemi Keyvan Marashi -
Open Access Article
99 - Assess Effect of Biological Phosphorous Fertilizers and Micro Elements (Boron and Manganese) on Alfalfa Growth Curve Indices
Maryam Khirkhah Hamid Madani Ghorban Normohammadi Mani Mojadam -
Open Access Article
100 - Evaluation Effect of Different Level of Combination Chemical and Biological Fertilizer and Several Type of Application Fertilizer on Growth Indices of Bread Wheat
Zhaleh Ahmadi Shahram Lak -
Open Access Article
101 - Assessment the Effect of Water Stress and Calcium Silicate on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield in North of Iran
Alireza Daneshmand Alireza Safahani -
Open Access Article
102 - Evaluation Effect of Chemical and Biological Fertilizer on Nitrogen Efficiency Indexes of Safflower Genotypes under Rain fed Condition
Abas Solymanifard -
Open Access Article
103 - Evaluation Azospirillum Trends and Urea Fertilizer on Barley Production under Warm and Dry Climate Condition (Ahvaz region, Southwest of Iran)
Mohamad Reza Dadnia Mahshid Abedzadeh -
Open Access Article
104 - Evaluation Seed Yield, Its Components and Morphological Traits of Corn in Response of Consume Super Absorbent Polymers and Nitroxin
Sadegh Lamochi Tayeb Sakinejad -
Open Access Article
105 - Assessment of Foliar Application of Iron and Silicon on Some Agronomic, Quanti-tative and Qualitative Parameters of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Ahmad Estaji Hamid Reza Rousta Mohammad Reza Mir Kahnooj -
Open Access Article
106 - Assess Effect of Different Azospirillum Trends on Seed Yield and its Components of Barley (Hordeom vulgare L.)
Mohamad Reza Dadnia -
Open Access Article
107 - Response of Phenological, Morphological Traits and Crop Production to Apply Different Level of Azospirillum and Azotobacter of Maize Genotypes
Abbas soleymanifard -
Open Access Article
108 - Evaluation Effect of Copper Foliar Application at Different Growth Stages of on Seed yield and Its Components of Cowpea (Vigna Sinensis L.)
Shahram Ashabi Mohamad Reza Dadnia -
Open Access Article
109 - Reducing The Adverse Effect of Irrigation Water Salinity Stress on Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars by Foliar Application of Zinc Sulfate
Amir Kazemi Arpanahi Mehrdad Mahlooji Seyed Keyvan Marashi Mani Mojaddam Tayeb Sakinejad -
Open Access Article
110 - Evaluation Impact of Different Irrigation Regime and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Qualitative Characteristics of Wheat
Morteza Mohamadi Kamran Mohsenifar Abdolali Gilani -
Open Access Article
111 - Evaluation Effect of Different level of Nitrogen and Cutting Height on Morphological Traits, Seed Protein Content and Prussic Acid Concentration of Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L., cv. Speed feed)
Zahra Gholiporkahyash Mojtaba Alavifazel Mohamad Reza Dadnia -
Open Access Article
112 - Assessment Effect of Different Irrigation Regime and Fertilizer Combinations on Seed Yield, Radiation Use Efficiency and Biochemical Parameters of Corn
Mohammad Nasri Mansoreh Khalatbari -
Open Access Article
113 - Evaluation Crop Production, Nitrogen Content and Oil yield of Corn in Affected Vermicompost and Iron Nano Fertilizer
Najmeh Razmandeh saeid zakernejad Khoshnaz Payandeh -
Open Access Article
114 - Application Methods of Iron and Zinc Chelates on Grain Yield and Their Absorption in Maize of Dezful City (Khuzestan Province, South west of Iran)
Ali Khalafi Kamran Mohsenifar Ali Gholami Mohammad Barzegari -
Open Access Article
115 - Response of Some Bread and Durum Wheat Genotypes to Different Levels of Nitrogen in South West of Iran
Atosa Enayat Shahram Lack Adel Modhej -
Open Access Article
116 - Response of Seed Yield, Its Components, Chlorophyll Content and Proline Concentration of Mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) To Apply Sulphate Potassium Fertilizer under Salinity Stress Situation
Fatemeh Jahan Ahmadi Mani Mojadam -
Open Access Article
117 - Assess Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Phosphorous Biofertilizers (Azospirillum and Pseudomonas) on Barley Crop Production and Seed Protein Content
Tahereh Hasanabadi Hamideh Khalaj Mohammad Reza Ardakani Maryam Delfani -
Open Access Article
118 - Response of Seed yield, Its Components and Nitrogen Use Efficiency to Apply Different level of Urea Fertilizer and Nitroxin of Barley
Najmeh Haghighatzadeh Mani Mojadam -
Open Access Article
119 - Evaluation of Tillage, Nitrogen Fertilizer and Crop Residue Management on some Agronomic Traits of Soybean
Alireza Safahani Maryamosadat Alavian Petroodi Farshad Ghooshchi -
Open Access Article
120 - Evaluation Effect of Spray Micronutrient Elements (Mn, Zn) on Seed Yields, Its Components and Protein Percentage of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Sara Madeh Khaksar Shahram Lack -
Open Access Article
121 - Assessment Effect of Nitroxin and Phosphorus Biofertilizer on Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Crop Production, Seed Protein Content and Correlation between Traits
Maryam Amini -
Open Access Article
122 - Assessment Effect of Spray Different level of Zinc and Magnesium on Crop Production and Agrophysiological Characteristics of Wheat
Sara Madeh Khaksar Shahram Lack -
Open Access Article
123 - Evaluation Effect of Foliar Application of Methanol and Zinc Chelate on Crop Production of Cowpea (Vigna Sinensis L.) in Warm and Dry Climate Condition
Hossien Atrak Mani Mojadam -
Open Access Article
124 - Investigating the Effect of Zinc Sulfate on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Three Varieties of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Khuzestan Province (Southwest of Iran)
Mehdi sadeghi Mysam Joodaki Mohammadreza Moradi Talavat -
Open Access Article
125 - Evaluation Effect of Different Level of Vermicompost and Manure on Physiological Parameters of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Ahmad Zalaghi Seyed Kivan Marashi Mani Mojadam -
Open Access Article
126 - Investigating the Effect of Urea Chemical Fertilizer on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Production Affected Sugarcane Compost under Warm and Climate Condition
Forogh Zadeh Omidi Seyed Keyvan Marashi -
Open Access Article
127 - Investigation Role of Vermicompost to Improve Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Corn (Zea mays L.) Production
Mohammad Khayat -
Open Access Article
128 - Response of Morphological Traits and Seed Protein Content of Bread Wheat to Apply Different Level of Biological and Chemical Fertilizers
Reza Dashtbozorgi Shahram Lack -
Open Access Article
129 - Evaluation Seed Yield, Its Components and Protein Concentration of Wheat in Response to Different level of Nitrogen and Vermicompost
Mostafa Adebifar -
Open Access Article
130 - Assess Effect of Different level of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Redistribution, Efficiency and Contribution of Redistribution and Current Photosynthesis of Wheat Genotypes
Fatemeh Torfi -
Open Access Article
131 - Investigation Integrated Effect of Fertilizer and Biofertilizer (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Crop Production
Mahsa Karimi Seyed Kivan Marashi -
Open Access Article
132 - Integrated Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Vermicompost on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Under Water Stress Situation
Seyedeh Zohreh Hashemi saeid Zakernejad Khoshnaz Payandeh -
Open Access Article
133 - The Influence of Growth-Promoting Bacteria and Salicylic Acid on Leaf Area Index, Grain Yield and Harvest Index of Corn (Zea mays L.) under Non-irrigation Conditions at Different Growth Stages
Gholam Esmaeilvandi Aslan Egdernezhad -
Open Access Article
134 - Effects of Different Rates of Selenium Fertilizer and Cow Manure on Selenium Uptake in Festuca arundinacea
Hadi Chamheidar Rozbeh Farhoudi -
Open Access Article
135 - Enhancement of Growth, Inoculation and Yield Production of Corn (Zea mays L.) Hybrids by Using Bio-Fertilizer
Anise Jorfi Mojtaba Alavi Fazel Adel Modhej -
Open Access Article
136 - Evaluation of Sulfur Fertilizer on Canola Yield under Salinity Conditions
Alireza Jafarnejadi Hamed Rezaei Ahmad Naderi -
Open Access Article
137 - Assessment Role of Integrated Management of Fertilizer and Biofertilizer to Improve Corn Production and Achieve Sustainable Agriculture
Seyed Ataollah Siadat -
Open Access Article
138 - Assess Effect of Phosphorus Biologic Fertilizer to Improve Crop Production under Warm and Dry Climate Condition
Azam Jafari -
Open Access Article
139 - Optimum Nitrogen Consumption in Maize at Different Moisture Regime (A Key to Enhance Corn Productivity) and Estimation of Yield Reduction under Nitrogen Limitation Conditions
Khoshnaz Payandeh -
Open Access Article
140 - Response of Fresh Forage, Dry Matter and Yield Components of Sorghum to Different level of Nitrogen and Cutting Height
Zahra Gholiporkahyash Mojtaba Alavifazel Mohammad Reza Dadnia -
Open Access Article
141 - Assessment of Almond (Pronus sp) Orchards Nutritional Balance utilizing Deviation from Optimum Percentage (DOP) Method on Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province
Arezoo Ahmadzadeh Chaleshtori ebrahim panahpour Ramin Iranipour Abdolamir Moezzi -
Open Access Article
142 - Response of Crop Production of Wheat Cultivars to Combined Effect of Sulfur and Sulfofertilizer1
Seyedeh Kobra Hatami -
Open Access Article
143 - Investigating the Effect of Nitrogen and Nitroxin Biological Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Dual-purpose Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Forage
Najmeh Haghighatzadeh Mani Mojaddam -
Open Access Article
144 - Evaluation Effect of Different Amount and Time of Apply Gibberellin Acid on Correlation between Trait, Regression Relationships and Grain Filling Rate of Broad Bean
Somayeh Ghalandari Tayeb Sakinezhad -
Open Access Article
145 - Effect of Time of Seaweed Consumption and Composition of Seaweed and Urea Fertilizer on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Wheat Yield
Mehrnoosh Zakeri Seyed Keyvan Marashi -
Open Access Article
146 - Assessment Iron Application to Improve Agro-Morphological Traits and Bio-Fortification of Grain Wheat Grown in Different Nitrogen Conditions
Majid Abdoli Ezatollah Esfandiari Rana Taheri -
Open Access Article
147 - Impact of Zinc Sulfate and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth Curves and Crop Production of Green Beans (Phaseolous vulgaris L.)
Mehrnosh Kermanshahi Hasan Noriani -
Open Access Article
148 - Evaluation Effect of Biological Fertilizer (Nitroxin case study) on Corn (Zea mays L.) Crop Production
Mani Mojadam -
Open Access Article
149 - Evaluation Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi (AM) and Nano Zinc Oxide on Seed Yield and Dry Matter Remobilization of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salinity Stress
Raouf Seyed Sharifi Razieh Khalilzadeh Soraya Soltanmoradi -
Open Access Article
150 - Influence of Zinc and Cadmium on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Shokofeh Berenjani Mohamad Reza Dadnia Mani Mojaddam Nazli Derogar -
Open Access Article
151 - Evaluation Effect of Farmyard Manure (FYM) to Improve Cereal Crop Yield
Mohammad Khayat -
Open Access Article
152 - Assess Correlation between Traits Affected Different level of Nitrogen Fertilizer (Urea Source) and Interval between Irrigation Round of Sorghum
Bahareh Jahangiri Mojtaba Alavifazel Mohamad Reza Dadnia -
Open Access Article
153 - Assess Effect of Rhizobium Bacteria (Rhizobium leguminosarum L.) and Iron Nano-chelate on Seed yield and its Components of Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars
Abas Solymanifard Hoshang Naserirad -
Open Access Article
154 - The Effect of Mycorrhiza Fungi (VAM) on Phosphorus Absorption by Corn (Zea Mays L.) at South West of Iran
Ali Gholami Seyed Amin Alavi Abdolamir Moezi Saeed Salimpour -
Open Access Article
155 - Assess Effect of Vermicompost and Iron Nano Fertilizer on Morphological Traits and Chlorophyll Content of Zea mays L.
Najmeh Razmandeh Saeed Zakernejad Khoshnaz Payandeh -
Open Access Article
156 - Synthesis of Nano-Maghemite supported coconut chaff catalyst for Mannich reaction
Marion Sossamon Shannyn Cotilard -
Open Access Article
157 - Occurrence and Distribution of Shallow Bark Canker of Walnut Trees in Damavand
Samira Asadollahi Abul Qasem Qasemi Seyed Mohammad AshkanIn recent years, Shallow bark canker (Brenneria nigrifluens) of walnut trees has become fairly widespread in Iran. To determine the distribution of the disease in Damavand, from summer of 2013, bark samples were collected from walnut trees showing symptoms of Shallow ba MoreIn recent years, Shallow bark canker (Brenneria nigrifluens) of walnut trees has become fairly widespread in Iran. To determine the distribution of the disease in Damavand, from summer of 2013, bark samples were collected from walnut trees showing symptoms of Shallow bark canker. 46 strains of bacteria were isolated from infected tissues. Strains appeared similar in phenotypic characteristics. On the basis of the morphological and biochemical results and sequencing of RNA polymerase beta sub unit gene the bacterium was identified as Brennerianigrifluens. This is the first report of Shallow bark canker of walnut trees in Damavand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Investigating the effect of pray age, nutritional history, and environmental temperature on nutrition rate of Deraeocoris lutescens predatory bugs on some sucking pest in laboratory conditions
Najmeh Azimizadeh Abbas ParvarThe problems caused by pesticides to human health make necessary to use other control methods of low-risk including pest biological control methods against pests. Deraeocoris lutescens (Schilling) predatory bug has a privileged position in biological control of pests pa MoreThe problems caused by pesticides to human health make necessary to use other control methods of low-risk including pest biological control methods against pests. Deraeocoris lutescens (Schilling) predatory bug has a privileged position in biological control of pests particularly sucking pest. In this research, breeding and feeding rate of predator age in various growth steps and in different temperatures were investigated. Tests were done growth chamber with temperature 25±1°C, 60 ± 5 percent relative humidity, and light conditions (16: 8) (L: D) on bean leaves. In examining the last instars’ nymphs and adult nutrition of nymphs of green peach aphid predator, predators of nymphs 1-2 days were more used than to 3-4 days. In this research, total nutrition average of predator age showed significant increase of green peach aphid with temperature increased from 18 to 30°C. In addition, the maximum and minimum food preference was shown on 3-4 days age of bean aphid and green peach aphid, respectively. Therefore, according to the obtained results, D. lutescens age of a promising predator is in combined pest management plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Effect of plant nourishments on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) abundance, in Watermelon Fields of Esfarayen region
isa jabaleh behzad amiri majid taherianWatermelon with a vast area of cultivation is one of the most important products of the North Khorasan Province and the city of Esfarayen. In these areas, Tetranychus urticae can be considered as one of the most important pests of this product; the uncontrolled use of c MoreWatermelon with a vast area of cultivation is one of the most important products of the North Khorasan Province and the city of Esfarayen. In these areas, Tetranychus urticae can be considered as one of the most important pests of this product; the uncontrolled use of chemical pesticides causes the population to become resistant to pesticides and remains; poisons are very important for their fresh food; Plant nutrition quality hosts a factor influencing pest growth and reproduction. In order to investigate the effect of nutrition in field conditions on different biological stages of T. urticae, an experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with seven treatments (chicken manure, cow manure, sheep manure, NPK, NPK + Humic acid, Humic acid and control) in Three sampling times were performed in 2015 in Esfarayen city. The results showed that the largest population of T. urticae in chicken manure on biological stages (egg, larva, nymph and adult), respectively, with an average (34.1 ± 27.12, 78.1 ± 04.12, 35.1 ± 04 . 8 and 69.1 ± 73.12) and the lowest number in the NPK + Humic acid fertilizer granulation in biological stages (egg, larva, nymph and adult), respectively (67.0 ± 16.4, 55.0 ± 88.2, 38.0 ± 18.2 and 67.0 ± 07.5) was observed. The results of this research granular fertilizer treatment Humic acid and Humic acid + NPK granulated onion fields in order to control the two-spotted spider mite is considered Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Mite fauna in dried fruits and nuts in Tehran and Fars provinces
Fariba ArdeshirDried fruits and nuts are one of Iran's export products, and their contamination with mites causes significant quantitative and qualitative damage to the product in the warehouses. This study was conducted to determine mite species in dried fruits and nuts in the city o MoreDried fruits and nuts are one of Iran's export products, and their contamination with mites causes significant quantitative and qualitative damage to the product in the warehouses. This study was conducted to determine mite species in dried fruits and nuts in the city of Tehran from Tehran province and in the cities of Jahrom, Shiraz, Estahban, Darab, Zaraghan, Larestan and Nyriz from Fars province during 2014. In Total, 145 samples were collected from 13 types of products including pistachio, hazelnut, almond, fig, raisin, walnut, date, watermelon seed, pumpkin seed, sunflower seed, peanut, apricot and dried berries. Mite species were found in 67% and 45.5% of all products in Tehran, and Fars provinces, respectively, number of 8 species, 7 genera and 6 families of mites were identified from these two provinces. The dominant species in Tehran were Carpoglyphus lactis (Linné) (11.79%) as a pest, and Acaropsellina sollers (Kuzin) (76.4%) as a predatory mite. However, in Fars, Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank) (8.51%) was recognized as a pest species, while Blattisocius tarsalis (Berlese) showed the highest frequency (80.8%) as a predator. The average density of mites in Tehran and Fars provinces was 11 and 10.4 individuals/kg, respectively. The detected mites are newly reported for the fauna of dried fruits and nuts in Tehran (1) and Fars (2) provinces and are as follows:(1): Rhizoglyphus robini Claparèd; Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank); Carpoglyphus lactis (Linné); Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank); Acaropsellina sollers (Kuzin); Androlaelaps casalis casalis (Berlese).(2): Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank); Acaropsellina sollers (Kuzin); Blattisocius tarsalis (Berlese); Blattisocius keegani Fox. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Evaluation of insecticidal effect of essential oil of some medicinal plants against confused flour beetle adults (Tribolium confusum)
Masoumeh Darvishi Akram Mobini Samin SeddighThe confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, feeds on starchy material like flour, bran, and groats. These insects not only add significant losses to the product while feeding, but also due to the rapid population growth, the crop is infected with its MoreThe confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, feeds on starchy material like flour, bran, and groats. These insects not only add significant losses to the product while feeding, but also due to the rapid population growth, the crop is infected with its feces and larval shells, and its quality is greatly reduced. Recently, many studies have been done on the application of plant essential oils or their components as a safe alternative to commonly used fumigant toxins. In this research, toxicity of three plant essential oils including Rosemary, White Pepper and Walnut leaves were investigated in three concentrations of 10, 30 and 50 μl and was compared to Rosemary extract. All experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions under temperature 27 ± 1°C, with 30 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 14h. The results showed that using Rosemary extract did not control T. confusum which had no significant difference with control. The essential oils of Walnut leaf, Rosemary and White Pepper made a significant difference in the mortality of the adults of the confused flour beetle. With increasing concentration, the mortality rate of T. confusum adults increased in all essential oils and all of them had a significant difference. The most percentage of mortality was observed at 50 μl concentration in Pepper essential oil. The optimum conditions for using essential oils were also investigated. So that the most pest mortality would be obtained by using 50 μl concentrations of White Pepper and Rosemary essential oils, causing 100% and 60% mortality of T. confusum, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Investigation the amount and share of some managerial (personnel, health and nutritional) factors on usual mortality in east Tehran province meat farms
Raheleh Tabatabaei Shirazani kazem karimi Ghobad AsgariIn order to investigate the effect of some of managerial (personal, health and nutritional) factors on usual mortality in meat farms of east Tehran province the current research was done. The date obtained farm 40 meat farms questionnaires' and in-person. These data wer MoreIn order to investigate the effect of some of managerial (personal, health and nutritional) factors on usual mortality in meat farms of east Tehran province the current research was done. The date obtained farm 40 meat farms questionnaires' and in-person. These data were include manager education, manager experience, technical manager experience, workers experience, one-day-old chicken weight, the interval between two sequential rearing period, vaccination against the widespread disease, feed quality, feed additives, farm and vehicle disinfection, mortality and collecting form of death chicks. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software package.The ANOVA results showed that all factors except vaccination against the Gambro disease and one-d-old chick weight have no significant effect on mortality. Day-old chicks with more than 42g body weight have lower mortality rate rather than those have -42g weight at d 1. Usual mortality in farms where their chicks vaccinated against Gambro were lowers than those no vaccinated chicks. Therefore, it can be concluded that the reduction of the daily losses in poultry meat among the factors evaluated personal factors and factors of diet and health are very important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - The relationship between food security and community health
Bijan Khurshidpour khadije maminejadAmong the factors that ensure the health of a society is a healthy nutrition pattern. Food security is the cornerstone of a developed society and the main element of intellectual, mental and physical health of that society. Food insecurity will seriously destroy the soc MoreAmong the factors that ensure the health of a society is a healthy nutrition pattern. Food security is the cornerstone of a developed society and the main element of intellectual, mental and physical health of that society. Food insecurity will seriously destroy the social capital reserve of the people included in it, as well as the significance of human and religious norms and values. Food security and the right to access sufficient and healthy food and freedom from hunger and malnutrition are the main axes of development, peace of society and the infrastructure of the future generation of the country. On the other hand, food insecurity and its global consequences are an issue that directly or indirectly affects all the countries of the world, and the physical, mental, psychological, economic and social consequences of this huge problem are affecting hundreds of millions of people. Food insecurity and malnutrition weaken people's ability to develop skills and reduce their productivity, and in the long term, they are gradually deprived of their abilities and cannot play a role in education, production, and economy. Access to sufficient and nutritious food is one of the most important priorities pursued by the international community, and all major government policies are in the framework of food security. Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient and healthy food, so that their food needs and food preferences are met for a healthy and active life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Gelatin extraction from chicken feet and its application in food industry
Zohreh Yahyaei Soofyani Mohsen MilaniGelatin is a widely used material in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Gelatin produced in the world is made from the skin and bones of pigs, which has problems in Muslim countries from the Islamic point of view. Also, mad cow disease has so far infected many anim MoreGelatin is a widely used material in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Gelatin produced in the world is made from the skin and bones of pigs, which has problems in Muslim countries from the Islamic point of view. Also, mad cow disease has so far infected many animals in Europe and other countries, and there is a risk of its transmission to humans through gelatin produced from the skin and bones of these animals. The results of the research show that chicken foot gelatin has a high functional value and having the potential to compete with gelatin from other sources, it can prevent the import of pig and cow skin gelatin to the country to some extent and by optimally using By-products and ways of using poultry waste play a significant role in the country's self-sufficiency. Also, due to its nutritional properties and ensuring the health and quality of gelatin produced in the country, it can be used for the production of meat, jelly and jelly, dairy and packaging products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Cold plasma and its applications in food industry
Atefeh Olyaee Shila Berengy Zohreh Yahyaei Sooyani leila NateghiPlasma technology is one of the new technologies that has found many applications in various industries, including the food industry. Plasma is actually called the fourth state of matter, which is used in sterilization of medical supplies and equipment, equipment used i MorePlasma technology is one of the new technologies that has found many applications in various industries, including the food industry. Plasma is actually called the fourth state of matter, which is used in sterilization of medical supplies and equipment, equipment used in food industry and food processing. Cold plasma is a dry, non-thermal technology without the need for chemicals, which is able to work continuously at atmospheric pressure, and due to its non-thermal nature, it can be a suitable alternative to other chemical and physical methods used for sterilization and Pasteurization of food. Plasma sterilization techniques are effective, simple and fast (from a few seconds to an hour) and have a lower temperature (less than 70 degrees). The research done in relation to cold plasma has shown that it has the ability to kill microbes and can also destroy vegetative forms, spores and fungi. Also, these studies show that the type of food product, the source of plasma production, the state of exposure of the plasma (direct or indirect) to the desired substance are vital in controlling the effects of cold plasma on antioxidant activity, nutritional value and organoleptic characteristics of food products. Therefore, getting acquainted with this method in order to use plasma technology in the food industry can be an important step in the advancement of science and food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Extrusion Technology and its Application in the Food Industry: A Review Paper
Fariba Abedi Ardakani Mohammad Reza EshaghiWaste generated in food processing has led to environmental concerns, while many of these wastes have significant nutritional value. On the other hand, lifestyle changes, the tendency to consume ready-to-eat, ready-to-cook foods with nutritional value have increased. Ex MoreWaste generated in food processing has led to environmental concerns, while many of these wastes have significant nutritional value. On the other hand, lifestyle changes, the tendency to consume ready-to-eat, ready-to-cook foods with nutritional value have increased. Extrusion is one of the advanced technologies that has played a significant role in reducing agricultural waste and improving its added value. The extrusion process uses mixing, shaping, forming, and cooking to produce a new food product. This technology is widely used in the production of human products, food waste processing, and animal feed. The advantages of extruded products contains high variety, high quality, low processing time, cost-effectiveness, low humidity, long shelf life, and less pollution. Important parameters of extrusion processing such as cutting speed, temperature, and water content are all factors that play a role in the nutritional value of extruded products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Survey of Livelihood in Archaeological Sites of Iran in Parthian Period on the Basis of Laboratorial Studies on the Archaeological Human Bone of this Period
Tahereh Azizipour Farhang Khademi Nadoushan Mohammad Lamei RashtiReconstructing of environment and livelihood in ancient sites is an important subject in archaeological studies. Researchers use several methods for palaeodiet studies. One of these methods survey nutrition in use determines rate concentration of chemical element in anc MoreReconstructing of environment and livelihood in ancient sites is an important subject in archaeological studies. Researchers use several methods for palaeodiet studies. One of these methods survey nutrition in use determines rate concentration of chemical element in ancient skeletal. Parthian people which ruled in Iran since 238 BC for 224 AD, when extended their power from east to the west by occupying new territory , found different civilization with their food consuming patterns. Elemental analysis of teeth of human skeletal from sites and graves of this period gave valuable information about nutrition in this period. In this article we want the found information about paleodiet in Parthian period in use PIXE manner. We have selected the teeth under study, from several Parthian sites in Iran, Shian, Valiran, Kharand, Gandab and nakhle Ibrahimi. We emphasis on these elements; Fe, Ca, Sr, Zn and P. In this research we gathered information about the variety in food in Parthian period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - The effect of chestnuts extracts on acidity, peroxide and microbial load of mayonnaise sauce
Samira Naderi alireza rahman ebrahim HoseiniIt is very important to observe hygienic principles in the production of mayonnaise, as a nutritious and popular product, as well as to prevent physical, chemical, microbial spoilage and thus prevent its quality reduction. In this study, we tried to evaluate the efficie MoreIt is very important to observe hygienic principles in the production of mayonnaise, as a nutritious and popular product, as well as to prevent physical, chemical, microbial spoilage and thus prevent its quality reduction. In this study, we tried to evaluate the efficiency of extracting aqueous extract of chestnut fruit as a natural antioxidant. For this purpose, Samples of mayonnaise with different concentrations of the extract were prepared under treatments B1 (mayonnaise + 750 ppm sodium benzoate + 750 ppm sodium sorbate), B2 (mayonnaise + 400 ppm chestnut extract + 500 ppm sodium benzoate + ppm sodium + ppm) B3 (mayonnaise +800 ppm chestnut extract +500 ppm sodium benzoate + 500 ppm sodium sorbate) and B4 (mayonnaise + 1200 ppm chestnut extract). Chemical factors (acidity and peroxide number), microbial, and sensory factors (general acceptance) were examined for the 6 months (first day, the second month, the fourth month, and the sixth month). The results showed that the extraction efficiency of the extract by the aqueous method was equal to 22.5%. According to the results, Chestnut fruit extract with benzoate and sodium sorbate significantly reduced peroxide and acid index in the samples (p<0.05). The antimicrobial effect of chestnut fruit extract is confirmed on a significant reduction in microbial population and shelf life of mayonnaise. Sample B3 was introduced as the superior treatment in this study by considering sensory factors (general acceptance). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Interaction effects of different amounts of zinc(Zn) and boron(B) on growth and antioxidative enzymes activity in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L. cv. Paris Island) plant
Farhad Behtash Hadi Fakhr ghazi Masoomeh HasanbaraniOne of the principle factors influencing the plant's growth parameters and yield is nutrition with micro-elements. Boron and zinc are dominant micro-nutrients directly or indirectly affect the plants biochemical potential and hence the yield of plants. In the present ex MoreOne of the principle factors influencing the plant's growth parameters and yield is nutrition with micro-elements. Boron and zinc are dominant micro-nutrients directly or indirectly affect the plants biochemical potential and hence the yield of plants. In the present experiment, we aimed to study the effects of Zn and B on some growth attributes and quality of Lactuca sativa L. cv. 'paris island'. The experiment was conducted at the Research Greenhouse of the University of Maragheh as factorial based on CRBD with Zn (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1) from ZnSO4,7H2O and B from H3BO3 at three levels (0, 2 and 4 mg L-1 ) with three replications. The results revealed that with increasing Zn concentrations in the nutrient solution, the fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll index, chlorophylls a and b content, total chlorophylls content, carotenoids amount, soluble proteins concentration and Zn concentration were increased in the lettuce leaf tissue (p≤0.01). Furthermore, with increasing nutrient solution's B concentration, the proline, MDA, GPX, CAT and APX levels and activities as well as the boron content in the plant tissue were significantly influence and increased. Zn up concentrations under boron high availability reduced the aforementioned traits quantities (p≤0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Investigating the physicochemical conditions of the Caspian Sea water in Sisangan region for setting up a Salmon breeding farm in a cage
Omidreza Touni Nooshin Sajjadi Farhad Moosakhani Rooholah MahmoudkhaniIntroduction: In general, increasing the production and exploitation of aquatic animals in the aquatic ecosystem without considering its relationship and balance with other parts of the ecosystem causes a wrong assessment of the real cost and benefits of these services MoreIntroduction: In general, increasing the production and exploitation of aquatic animals in the aquatic ecosystem without considering its relationship and balance with other parts of the ecosystem causes a wrong assessment of the real cost and benefits of these services to the environment and society, and in the future will have negative effects. The activities carried out in the aquaculture industry lead to a decrease in the quality of water and as a result the chemical balance in water is disturbed. On the other hand, the increase in metabolic activity in aquatic animals intensifies those effects. In the aquaculture industry, attention should be paid to quality control and monitoring methods. Knowing the basic conditions of the desired water body for the construction of breeding farms and predicting the future situation of the region based on the effluents entering is very necessary.Aim: In this study, the physicochemical conditions of Sisangan region were investigated for setting up a fish farm.Materials and Methods: In order to determine the state of sea water quality, water sample collected for one period to analyze pollution and physicochemical variables. After determining of the variables, the TRIX trophic index was calculated and the trophic conditions of the area were determined.Results: Measuring the physical parameters of water from 5 to 15 meters depth showed that the variables of temperature, electrical conductivity, salinity, oxygen and pH do not change much along the depth. The measurement of nutrients indicated that the total nitrogen in the sea in the study area varies from less than 0.1 mg/liter to 2.5 mg/liter. The amount of total phosphorus in the study range varies from less than the measuring limit of the device 0.003 mg/liter to 0.007 mg/liter. According to the measurements made in these studies, the result of calculating the TRIX index is an average numerical value of 2.3.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the area is tropically oligotrophic and the water quality of the area is very good. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Eutrophication in Water Resources: Definition, Types, Causes, Ecological Effects and Control Strategies
Mohammad Safari Behzad Mohammadikhangahi Gholamhossein SafariOne of the most common problems is water quality management of seas and reservoirs around the world. About 30-40% of lakes and reservoirs worldwide are affected by abnormally high nutrients. Eutrophic phenomena are caused by an excess of nutrients in an aquatic system, MoreOne of the most common problems is water quality management of seas and reservoirs around the world. About 30-40% of lakes and reservoirs worldwide are affected by abnormally high nutrients. Eutrophic phenomena are caused by an excess of nutrients in an aquatic system, especially by nitrogen and phosphorus, especially in lakes, estuaries and slow streams. Due to the excessive consumption of fertilizers and the discharge of untreated urban and industrial wastewater into water sources, the extent of eutrophication processes has increased significantly since the middle of the last century. One of the obvious signs of eutrophication is dense algal blooms, which cause high turbidity in water systems, decrease of oxygen and increase of hypoxia conditions in the inner parts of water bodies due to the sediments. In addition, extensive development of blue-green cyanobacteria, reduction of biodiversity, formation of hydrogen sulfide, increase in fish mortality, unpleasant odor, and increased phytoplankton and other aquatic plants, are other effects of eutrophication on the ecosystem. The main nutrients of interest are nitrogen and phosphorus, both of which are essential for algal growth, but the role of phosphorus is more critical because many cyanobacteria can obtain the nitrogen, they need from atmospheric nitrogen through nitrogen fixation. Therefore, most of the eutrophication control measures are directed towards reducing phosphorus. The purpose of this study is to investigate the types, causes, stages and factors, and finally solutions to control, modify and prevent the process of eutrophication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Turning P2P Networks into DDoS Engines: A Survey
Hamid Farhadi Behzad Akbari Shahab Rajaee Mohammad Farahani -
Open Access Article
173 - Predictive factors of eating disorders on general health and nutrition attitudes of children of mothers
Mohamad Reza Zarbakhsh Bahri علی Shahbazi Sahar Shahri Lida Shamsazar Masoome Shahri Solmaz Rahbar Farzami HaghOne of the prevalent psychological disorders, mostly in the late teens and young hood is nutritional disorders, that characterized by abnormal eating patterns and cognitive Impairment related to nutrition and health. The research aims at finding out the relation between MoreOne of the prevalent psychological disorders, mostly in the late teens and young hood is nutritional disorders, that characterized by abnormal eating patterns and cognitive Impairment related to nutrition and health. The research aims at finding out the relation between mothers’ general health and nutrition attitude with their female children’s nutrition attitude and Its Prediction power.In this descriptive study of a correlation type, 250 female students and their mothers were selected in Gonbad Kavous city through cluster random sampling. The data gathered by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). The data gathered were analyzed through Correlation test and multivariate regression, was used model Stepwise.The results showed that all components of public health and nutrition attitudes of mothers and eating disorders in children a significant relationship with the meaningful factors for eating disorders and nutrition attitudes than other variables, and in the attitude to power of a variable (used Food), the mother of the most useful predictor variable for fear of puberty daughter. In the second equation attitude to feeding mothers variable (oral control) the most useful predictor of interpersonal distrust daughter. Finally back attitude to mothers fed variable (oral control) would be the most useful predictor variable in the equation. In total perfectionist attitude toward public health nutrition mother variables could predict children's eating disorders. The family’s status of general health specifically that of the mother as well as the family members’ nutrition attitudes can be effective on children’s body forms and their dietary. ر Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Agronomic and Economic Evaluation of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and Chickpea (Cicer arietinium L.) Intercropping under Micronutrient Applications
Yaser Esmaeilian Mohammad Behzad AmiriToday, intercropping as a key strategy of sustainable agriculture, is appreciated by both researchers and farmers in increasing efficiency of environmental resourceing uses, reduce damages due to environmental stresses, and improve the farm income. To this end, a split MoreToday, intercropping as a key strategy of sustainable agriculture, is appreciated by both researchers and farmers in increasing efficiency of environmental resourceing uses, reduce damages due to environmental stresses, and improve the farm income. To this end, a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications was conducted at the Research Farm of Gonabad University.Main factor, comprised of 25% safflower + 75% chickpea, 50% safflower + 50% chickpea, 75% safflower + 25% chickpea, and 100% safflower + 100% chickpea intercropping patterns, and sole cropping of the two plants. Subfactors consisted of control (without foliar spray) and foliar spraying of 3 g.lit-1 Fe and Zn. The research results showed that the highest values of branches number (10.5) and head number per plant (22.5) of safflower were achieved from 25% safflower + 75% chickpea and 50% safflower + 50% chickpea intercropping, respectively and the highest seed yield (2070 kg.ha-1) from sole cropping. The branch and head number per plant, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield of safflower were increased significantly due to micronutrient foliar application as compared with control. The plant height (26.4 cm) and seed yield (1739 kg.ha-1) of chickpea showed the highest value in sole cropping while the highest values of pod number per plant (31.9) and seed number per plant (22.2) were obtained from 25% safflower + 75% chickpea intercropping. Micronutrients foliar application improved plant height, pod number per plant, pod length, and seed number per plant of chickpea. The land equivalent ratio values ranged from 1.12 to 1.52. The changes in water use efficiency indices were also higher in all intercropping patterns compared with sole cropping, and the highest value (1.31) was achieved from 75% safflower + 25% chickpea intercropping treatment. The aggressivity index indicated the dominance of safflower over chickpea. All of the intercropping treatments, except for 100% safflower + 100% chickpea pattern, showed real yield increase. The highest value of intercropping advantage (0.51) was obtained from 25% safflower + 75% chickpea treatment while the monetary advantage index (26454751) and the relative total value (1.44) were higher in 100% safflower + 100% chickpea intercropping as compared to the other cropping patterns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Effects of Soil Salinization and Waterlogging on the Concentrations of Some Macronutrients and Sodium in Corn Root
نصرت اله NajafiSalinity and waterlogging are two abiotic stresses decrease plants yield. In this research, the effects of soil salinization and waterlogging having concentrations of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) and K:Na ratio in corn (Zea mays cv. single MoreSalinity and waterlogging are two abiotic stresses decrease plants yield. In this research, the effects of soil salinization and waterlogging having concentrations of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) and K:Na ratio in corn (Zea mays cv. single cross 704) root were studied under greenhouse conditions. A factorial experiment with two factors on the basis of completely randomized design with three replications was performed. The factors under study were: waterlogging duration in five levels (0, 2, 4, 8, 20 days) and soil saturate extract salinity in four levels (0.11, 2, 4, 8 dS/m). A loamy sand soil for plant growth substrate and NaCl salt for establishing the levels of salinity was used. The salinity and waterlogging factors were imposed simultaneously to the plants from the five-leaf stage of plant growth period. The plants were harvested 60 days after sowing and the concentrations of Ca, K, Mg and Na in corn root were determined by dry ashi method. The results showed that by increasing the level of NaCl salinity in the soil, the K concentration and K:Na ratio of corn root were decreased significantly but concentrations of Ca, Mg and Na in corn root were increased significantly. The Mg and Na concentrations of root in waterlogged conditions were significantly lower than that of non-waterlogged conditions but the K and Ca concentrations of root in waterlogged conditions were significantly greater than non-waterlogged conditions. However, the effects of soil waterlogging duration on the Ca, K, Mg and Na concentrations and Na:K ratio of root were dependent on the level of NaCl salinity in the soil. The results demonstrated that even short periods of soil waterlogging had considerable long-term effects on the concentrations of Ca, K, Mg and Na and K:Na ratio in corn root under saline and non-saline conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Response of Potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Kaiser) to Different Sources of Fertillizers
Mohammad Reza Saeedi Saeedi Mehrab YadegariTo Study of the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers applications on quantitative and qualitative traits of potato (Kaiser cultivar), a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in Lordegan city in I MoreTo Study of the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers applications on quantitative and qualitative traits of potato (Kaiser cultivar), a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in Lordegan city in Iran during 2014. The fertilizers used were chemical nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers with two levels (nitrogen, 150 kg.ha-1 from urea resource and Phosphorous, 120 kg.ha-1 from super phosphate triple) and biological fertilizers were (nitroxin, vermicompost and phosphate barvar 2) each with two levels. The results showed that the use of nitroxin, vermicompost and phosphate barvar 2 and nitrogen andphosphorous fertilizers affected starch content, plant height, number of main stem per plant, LAI, total dry/fresh matter, the largest and smallest tuber diameter, number of tuber per plant and tuber yield, significantly. The highest tuber yield was observed by using nitroxin, vermicompost and phosphate barvar 2. Results of this research also showed that use of biological and chemical fertilizers affected vegetative traits that are related to qualitative and physiological indices. In spite of these promising effects of chemical and biological fertilizers on quantative and qualitative traits of potato, application of triple super phosphate along with biological fertilizers did not affect quality and quantity of potato. The highest starch percentage in dry matter of tuber (75.27%), number of main stem per plant (6.37), diameter of largest (185.75 mm) and smallest tuber (58.08 mm), tuber yield (33317.5 kg.ha-1), were produced by the use of biological fertilizers. Overall, results showed that the use of biofertilizeres may improve the measured traits of quantity and quality of caeser cultivar of potato and obtain the highest yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Yield Comparisons of Mung-bean as Affected by Its Different Nutritions (Chemical, Biological and Integration) under Tillage Systems
Fakher Kardoni Sadegh Bahamin Behroz Khalil Tahmasebi Seyed-Hossein Ghavim-Sadati Seyyed Esmaeil VahdaniTo compare yields of mung bean under different nutrition (Chemical, Biological and Integrated) and tillage systems a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2015. Treatments consisted of 3 levels of till MoreTo compare yields of mung bean under different nutrition (Chemical, Biological and Integrated) and tillage systems a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2015. Treatments consisted of 3 levels of tillage systems (no-tillage, conservation tillage and conventional tillage) and 4 levels of plant nutritions (inoculated with mycorrhiza + 50% nitrogen, 50% nitrogen without mycorrhizal inoculation, mycorrhizal inoculation +100 percent nitrogen, without inoculation with mycorrhiza + 50% nitrogen). The results showed that plant nutrient sources affected yield significantly. The highest grain yield (1510.03 kg.ha-1) was obtaind by using conservation tillage, 50% nitrogen and mycorhizal seed inoculation. This yield was 50% more than conventional tillage and nitrogen fertilizer and mycorrhizal seed inoculation which was 934.1 kg.ha-1. The highest protein yield (24.99 kg.ha-1) belonged to conventional tillage, 50 percent of nitrogen use and mycorrhizal inoculation, which is 100% (13.33 kg.ha-1) more than conventional tillage and nitrogen fertilizer with 50 percent of mycorrhizal inoculation. In general, the results showed that the use of tillage did not have significant effect on most of the traits. This result could be different if this experiment would be continued for several years. These results indicated that mycorrhizal seed inoculation reduced the need for nitrogen fertilizer, while increased seed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Evaluation of the Combined Effect of Biological and Chemical Phosphorous Fertilizers and Micronutrient on Seed and Protein Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Mona Yousefipor Shahram Lack Khoshnaz PayandehNow-a-days, in addition to the quantity of production its quality, stability and sustainability are taken into account. This research was conducted in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Ramhormoz region in 2016-2 MoreNow-a-days, in addition to the quantity of production its quality, stability and sustainability are taken into account. This research was conducted in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Ramhormoz region in 2016-2017. The main treatments consisted of phosphorus fertilizers and bio-fertilizers with four levels (without using phosphorus fertilizer as control, bio-fertilizer, phosphorus bio-fertilizer + 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and 200 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer) and foliar application of micro-nutrients (zinc, iron and manganese) with three levels (without application of micro-nutrients as control, spraying of micro-nutrients with 0.002 and 0.004 concentrations) assigned to sub plots. The analysis of variance of data showed that the combined effect of chemical and biological phosphorus fertilizer and foliar application of micronutrient on seed yield, its components, protein yield and its percentage, plant height and spike length were significant. Mean comparisons indicated that phosphorus bio-fertilizer + 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer produced highest number of spike per m2, seeds per spike, 1000-seed weight, harvest index, protein percentage, protein yield, plant height and spike length. The highest seed yield belonged to phosphorus bio-fertilizer + 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and foliar application of micro-nutrients with 0.004 concentration and the lowest to the control treatment. Generally, to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, cost of production and the prevention of soil contamination use of phosphorus bio-fertilizer +150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and spraying micronutrients with 0.004 concentration can be recommended to the farmers of the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - The Role of Iron and Zinc on Tuber Yield and Yield Components of Potato
Elham Jam Ali Ebadie Gasem ParmoonThe soils of potato production fields in Ardabil due to alkalinity and not having a proper crop rotations are deficient in micronutrients. To evaluate the effect of these micronutrients on the yield and some traits affecting potato tubers an experiment was conducted in MoreThe soils of potato production fields in Ardabil due to alkalinity and not having a proper crop rotations are deficient in micronutrients. To evaluate the effect of these micronutrients on the yield and some traits affecting potato tubers an experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with three replications in Ardabil during 2012. Micronutrient treatments used were the various concentrations of iron and zinc (0.002, 0.004 and 0.008 concentrations of these elements as Fe1Zn1, Fe1Zn2, Fe1Zn3, Fe2Zn1, Fe2Zn2, Fe2Zn3, Fe3Zn1 and Fe3Zn2) and a control treatment (Fe0Zn0). Analysis of variance of traits under study showed statistically significant differences among treatments in terms of tuber yield, number of tubers per plant, tuber size, skin thickness and volumetric weight and dry weight of tubers. The highest tuber yield (48.10 t.ha-1) and maximum skin thickness were obtained from Fe1Zn3 treatment. The highest tuber number belonged to Fe2Zn1 (0.004 and 0.002 concentrations of iron and zinc) and Fe1Zn3 (0.002 and 0.008 concentrations of iron and zinc). Tuber weights higher than 35 grams and higest volumetric tuber weight were produced by using Fe3Zn2. The conclusion is this that using Fe1Zn3 traetment (0.002 and 0.008 concentrations) resulted in highest tuber yield and thickness of tuber skin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Effects of Agricultural Management on Nitrogen Nutrition and Yield of Canola (Brassica napus L.) in Gorgan
A. Behdadian A. Soltani E. Zeinali H. Adjam NorouziTo assess the effects of management factors on nitrogen nutrition and seed yield of rapeseed farms in Gorgan areas, an experiment was conducted as a nested model arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2010. Fifteen canola fields MoreTo assess the effects of management factors on nitrogen nutrition and seed yield of rapeseed farms in Gorgan areas, an experiment was conducted as a nested model arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2010. Fifteen canola fields were classified at three levels of management (optimum, medium, minimum) studied at four growth stages. Questionnaires were filled out by farmers for the quantification of agricultural management levels during the experiment. The results showed that levels of management for nitrogen nutrition index, plant density, dry matter yield, seed yield and harvest index were different significantly (p<0.01). Although quantities of nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) were higher in optimum level of management than the medium and minimum levels (P<0.05), the index was less than 1 during the growing season and in all management levels which can be attributed to nitrogen deficiency of soil. However, the effects of other managerial factors like, tillage methods, planting date, varieties, plant density, control of weeds and pests and irrigation at yellow buds stage should not be ignored. Better control of the these factors at the optimum management level increased 60 percent in seed product against poor management level. Thus, changes in agricultural management practices, may increase production in the near future and reduce dependence of our country to imported edible oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Corn Seed Yield and Its Components as Affected by Different Time of Weeding, Seed Osmopriming and Foliar Application of Micronutrient
H. Abbasdokht M. AsgharniaTo study the effect of different times of hand weeding, seed osmopriming and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at t MoreTo study the effect of different times of hand weeding, seed osmopriming and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at the Research Farm of Shahrood University. Treatments factors were weeding with 3 levels (hand weeding 2, 4 and 6 weeks after crop emergence, seed osmopriming with 2 levels (osmopriming and control) and micronutrients application at 2 levels (foliar application with micronutrient and control). Results showed that the different times of weeding had significant effect on yield and yield components and highest seed yield was obtained with weeding at 6 weeks after emergence. Seed osmopriming significantly increased all of the variables under study. Foliar micronutrient applications also increased seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, height of plant, ear weght, ear length, ear diameter and the 100-seeds weight in comparison to control significantly, but it didn’t effect number of seed rows per ear significantly. The interactions of osmopriming and micro nutrient on grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, height of plant, the number of seed in row, 100-seed weight, weight of corn and ear length were also significant. The interactions of different times of weeding and osmopriming significantly affected only ear diameter. The effect of different times of weeding and foliar application of micronutrient on ear diameter was also significant. Seed yield and ear length were affected by triple interactions of treatments. The results of this study showed that osmopriming, foliar application of micronutrient and hand weeding 6 weeks after emergence all had positive effect on improving growth indices and seed yield of corn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - The Effects of Micro Elements of Iron and Zinc on Morphological Characteristics of Mycorrhized Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Shahab KhaghaniDeficiency of micro-nutrients in human diet may cause health problems. To increase the amount of these elements in the edible parts of the plants would eliminate the incidence of these health problems. Thus, the effects of iron and zinc on seed yield and morphological c MoreDeficiency of micro-nutrients in human diet may cause health problems. To increase the amount of these elements in the edible parts of the plants would eliminate the incidence of these health problems. Thus, the effects of iron and zinc on seed yield and morphological characteristics of mycorrhized barley (cv. Bahman) root was studied in Karaj, Iran, during growing season of 2013-14. It was carried out in afactorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments consisted two levels of mycorrhiza, non-inoculation (M0) and inoculation with 10 kg/ha of Glomus intraradices (M1), and three levels of iron from Fe-EDDHA (Sequestrene138) as control (F0), 2.5 kg/ha (F1) and 5kg/ha (F2) and three levels of zinc as zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) as control (Z0), 25 kg/ha (Z1) and 50 kg/ha (Z2). The results showed that application of mycorrhiza increased parameters like total root length (TRL), root length density (RLD), specific root length (SLR), root colonization percentage and grain yield by 900.6 cm, 0.52 cm/cm3, 1738.1 cm/g, 5.41% and 1ton/ha respectively. Mean comparisons also revealed that using iron, mycorrhiza and without Zn application increased levels of root dry weight (RDW) by 2.81 g. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Physiological Response of Common Glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.) to Potassium Nano-Particles Grown in Saline Soils around the Lake Urmia
Alireza Pirzad Mehdi JabbarzadehTo evaluate the effects of spraying potassium nano-particles on the osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments, total carotenoids and nutrients of aerial parts of common glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with th MoreTo evaluate the effects of spraying potassium nano-particles on the osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments, total carotenoids and nutrients of aerial parts of common glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the marginal lands of Lake Urmia in 2012. The treatments consisted of application of potassium nano-particle concentrations at five levels (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/l of K nano-particles) applied, once, twice and three times. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were significant interaction between the levels and concentrations of potassium nano-particles sprayings on aerial parts with respect to their contents proline, total soluble carbohydrates, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, total carotenoids (xanthophyll and carotene) and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sodium). The highest levels of proline (1.84 mg/g dry weight) at one time spraying 4 g/l of K, total soluble carbohydrates (66.9 mg/g dry weight) at three times spraying 4 g/l, total chlorophyll (26.23 mg/g fresh weight) and chlorophyll b (22.85 mg/g fresh weight) at two times of water spraying, and chlorophyll a (9.93 mg/g fresh weight) at three times of 4g/l of potassium nano-particles sprayings were obtained. The highest nitrogen (0.95 % of aerial parts) and phosphorus (2.99 g/kg dry weight of aerial parts) contents were obtained from three times water spraying. However, the highest amounts of aerial plant part of potassium (65.08 g/kg dry weight) and sodium (403 g/kg dry weight) belonged to the two times, and calcium (29.23 g/kg dry weight) to the three times spraying of 4 g/l nano-potassium. Despite of the high concentration of osmolytes by potassium spraying, the nutrient accumulations levels were not significantly different from each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Response of Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Maize (Zea mays L.) to the Application of Zinc and Iron at Irrigation Cutoff Conditions
Mojtaba Afshari Ahmad Naderi Mani Mojadam Shahram Lak Mojtaba AlavifazelThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of micronutrients on physiological, biochemical and functional characteristics of the of SC704 hybrid maize at water deficit condition during two cropping years of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at Experimental Farm in north MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of micronutrients on physiological, biochemical and functional characteristics of the of SC704 hybrid maize at water deficit condition during two cropping years of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at Experimental Farm in northwest of Ahvaz. The experiment was conducted as split-split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots consisted of water deficit stresses at three levels, complete irrigation, cutoff irrigation both at the vegetative growth stage (12-14 leaf) and early seed growth stage, sub-plots were zinc sulfate foliar application at three concentrations (0, 5 and 10 g.L-1) and sub sub-plots foliar solution of iron sulfate at three concentrations (0, 3 and 6 g.L-1). The results of this study showed that increasing ZnSO4 concentration from zero to ten per thousand at constant levels of FeSO4 application (6 per thousand concentrations) resulted in increase in leaf area index under water deficit condition at the vegetative growth stage and beginning of seed growth stage. The lowest current photosynthesis was obtained in the absence of foliar application of zinc and iron. The lowest content of intercellular carbon dioxide was obtained at the beginning of seed growth stage when irrigation was stopped. The use of zinc and iron sulfate increased the values of this trait and removed the photosynthetic limitations. The highest yield of ear was obtained in complete irrigation with 6 per thousand concentration FeSO4 spray (9135.66 kg.ha-1), which increased by 25.1% compared to non-spray at this irrigation level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Differential Concentrations of some Nutrient Element in Forage of Corn (Zea mays L.) as Affected by Organic Fertilizers and Soil Compaction
N. Najafi A. MohammadnejadSoil compaction is one of the most important limiting factor for normal crop growth, because it reduces absorption by the plant. Application of organic fertilizers in agricultural soils can reduce the detrimental effects of soil compaction on plant growth and also suppl MoreSoil compaction is one of the most important limiting factor for normal crop growth, because it reduces absorption by the plant. Application of organic fertilizers in agricultural soils can reduce the detrimental effects of soil compaction on plant growth and also supply some nutrients to plant. Thus, a factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and 14 treatments to evaluate the effects of organic fertilizers in mitigating soil compaction. The first factor in this study was the source and amount of organic fertilizer at seven levels (control, farmyard manure, sewage sludge compost and municipal solid waste compost and each of organic fertilizers at two levels of 15 and 30 g/kg of soil). The second factor was soil compaction at two levels (bulk density of 1.2 and 1.7 g/cm3). To perform this experiment, 10 kg of dry soil was poured into special PVC pots and then seeds of single cross 704 corn were planted. At the end of the growth period, the corn shoot was harvested and concentrations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were determined by dry ashing method. The results showed that concentrations of Cd and Pb in the shoot, related to the different treatments, were negligible. Concentrations of P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn in the corn shoot were increased significantly by application of farmyard manure, sewage sludge compost and municipal solid waste compost at both levels of soil compaction. However, Na concentration of shoot did not change significantly. Soil compaction significantly reduced P, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations of corn shoot, but it affected concentrations of Na and K significantly. Application of organic fertilizers and increasing their levels reduced the negative effects of soil compaction on nutrients uptake by corn plant. This study showed that to improve forage corn nutrition, application of 15 or 30 g of farmyard manure or sewage sludge compost or municipal solid waste compost per kg of soil can be recommended to similar compacted and non-compacted conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc on Seed Yield and Quality of Dry-land Wheat, in Hashtrood
Esmaeil Karimi-Asl Bahram Mirshekari Ezatollah Esfandiari Farhad Farahvash Ebrahim Khalilvand BehrozyarMalnutrition due to low micro-nutrients content in cereals and lack of diversity of food stuffs are serious health problem in developing countries, including Iran. Due to the important nutritive role of wheat in these countries, researchers are trying to produce wheat g MoreMalnutrition due to low micro-nutrients content in cereals and lack of diversity of food stuffs are serious health problem in developing countries, including Iran. Due to the important nutritive role of wheat in these countries, researchers are trying to produce wheat grains with higher nutrients contents like iron, zinc, ascorbic acid and protein, along with low phytic acid content and Zn/PA ratio to limit malnutrition. Because of significant role of Zn on the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins; the effects of foliar application of Zn on the quality and yield of wheat grains was studied. In this study six wheat cultivars were planted at a farm in Tastaghar village located in Hashtrood county, during early fall of 2016 in split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design. Treatments used were six wheat cultivars (Baran, Tak-Ab, Sardari, Ohadi, Homa and Azar 2) and leaf foliar application of Zn with four levels (control, during beginning of stem elongation and stem elongation+anthesis stages). Zn foliar treatments were applied in the evenings by a portable pump sprayer. The results revealed that the foliar application of Zn increased seed yields of the cultivars under study. Moreover, protein, Zn and ascorbic acid content of the seed were also increased significantly (P≤%5). However, phytic acid content and Zn/PA ratio were decreased as compared to control. Overall it can be said that, foliar application of Zn had positive impact on the seed yield, proteins, Zn and ascorbic acid contents. It can be concluded that the foliar application of Zn on wheat would improve the seed yield and some qualities of wheat cultivars. It would be advisable to extend continuing this kind of studies to overcome malnutrition problems of area. Further studis is recommended to substantiate the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Utilization of Micronutrients in Dorotti Sugar-beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Cultivar
Saeid Soleymani Elnaz Farajzadeh Memari TabriziMicronutrients have an important role in growth and yield of plants. This investigatin was carried out to evaluate effect of foliar applications of three micronutrients (Fe, Mn and Zn) at different times (4-6 and 8-10 leaf stage) with three replication on sugar beet. Ba MoreMicronutrients have an important role in growth and yield of plants. This investigatin was carried out to evaluate effect of foliar applications of three micronutrients (Fe, Mn and Zn) at different times (4-6 and 8-10 leaf stage) with three replication on sugar beet. Based on results obtained all of the micronutrients used increased sugar beet sugar yield. Highest root yield was obtained by using 9 % of micronutrients at 4-6 leaf stage, but other concentrations did not have any effect on sugar beet yield. All of the three micronutrient concentrations increased root yield significantly. Application of 6% concentration increased root yield by 15.6 %. Mn application did not have any effect on sugar yield. 9 % concentration of Zn foliar application increased sugar yield by 16.4 %, and application of 6 and 9% of Fe increased sugar yield by 18.6 and 36 % respectively. Sugar percent did not changed by Mn application, but high concentrations of Fe and Zn at 8-10 leaf stage increased it. Highest increase in sugar percent obtained by using Fe 9 % foliar appliction. Because of economical importance of sugar and root yield, foliar application of 9 % of Fe and Zn at 8-10 leaf stage will be suitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Investigating the rate of urban viability at Gated comminutes:The metropolitan city of Tabriz
Ali AzarExclusive residential complexes are complexes that are separated from other areas through physical factors such as walls. The exclusive neighborhoods are divided into three sections including lifestyle, social status and the safe neighborhoods. According to a variety of MoreExclusive residential complexes are complexes that are separated from other areas through physical factors such as walls. The exclusive neighborhoods are divided into three sections including lifestyle, social status and the safe neighborhoods. According to a variety of environmental, economical and social problems of the horizontal and sporadic development of cities and also the need to provide housing, especially in big cities, planning and designing the residential complexes in order to answer the needs of citizens seems absolutely necessary. Reviewing and explaining the concept of vitality in exclusive residential complexes and identifying its main factors are the main goals of this research. This is an applied- developmental research and the method is a descriptive- analytical one. The main dimensions of vitality are physical, social, economical and environmental factors. The results showed that based on the specified criteria and in accordance with the combined index, the vitality in exclusive complex, with an average of 3.25 is relatively favorable. The research results also refer to the impact of exclusive residential complexes in increasing the social stability and improving the social sustainability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The relationship between social factors and the rate of occurring cardiovascular risk factors
Parvin Javadi Robabeh Pour JebeliThe aim of present work is to study the relationship between social factors and the rate of occurring cardiovascular risk factors. Research method was descriptive and survey and it has practical aims. The population included patients referred to Tabriz Shahid Madani Car MoreThe aim of present work is to study the relationship between social factors and the rate of occurring cardiovascular risk factors. Research method was descriptive and survey and it has practical aims. The population included patients referred to Tabriz Shahid Madani Cardiovascular Center who were 13479 individuals. The sampling size of 373 patients was obtained through Cochrane formula. For data gathering, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. To answer the questions, descriptive items of inferential statistics was used and for hypothesis testing, T and F tests, Pearson correlation test and variance analysis were used. The findings show that, the occurrence rate of cardiovascular risk factors among the participants was higher than the average, but social and cultural capital indices were lower than the average point. There is also a meaningful relationship between age, nutrition, education and BMI and cardiovascular risk factors. It was also cleared that there is no relationship between job condition, income, marital status, living place, family size and gender and occurring rate of cardiovascular risk factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Growth performace of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fed by Diatoma microalgae in the pond
Fatemehsadat TahamiAbstractThe common method of fertilizing to increase live food (microalgae) in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ponds has disadvantages, including the fact that fertilizers increase the population of microalgae of all types (toxic and non-toxic) without human control and thu MoreAbstractThe common method of fertilizing to increase live food (microalgae) in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ponds has disadvantages, including the fact that fertilizers increase the population of microalgae of all types (toxic and non-toxic) without human control and thus can cause growth. Unwanted to become harmful algae. This study was carried out at the same time with the beginning of the summer season and breeding of silver carp juveniles, with the aim of enriching the microalgae composition of warm-water fish breeding ponds located in Mazandaran province. Growth rate was calculated according to the treatments. 100 young juveniles of 90 g silver carp were stored in each pond. This study was carried out at the same time with the beginning of the summer season and breeding of silver carp juveniles, with the aim of enriching the microalgae composition of warm-water fish breeding ponds located in Mazandaran province. Growth rate was calculated according to the treatments. 100 young juveniles (90 g) of Silver Carp were stored in each pond. Expeiments were performed in circular concrete ponds with a diameter of 6 meters and a water height of 1 meter with 3 treatments. Different microalgae compositions (treatments 1: 70% chlorella, 30% diatoma, 2: 70% diatoma, 30% chlorella and 3: control treatment of natural algae composition of the area) wee fed ding the experiment. In this study, the growth rate of silver carp in different densities of Diatoma and Chlorella algae was evaluated in combination with different percentages in the pond environment and at the end of the experiment, survival percentage, fish growth rate, specific growth rate and average daily growth were calculated. Ponds whose fish were water-enriched with Diatoma microalgae with a density of 70% had higher growth (survival rate, fish growth rate, and specific growth rate and aveage daily growth). Also, according to this study, since one of the conditions for having a healthy farmed fish is to have a healthy and proper nutrition, so it is necessary to increase the share of edible microalgae Diatoma in the breeding environment of these fish to produce more and higher quality of these fish acquired. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Evaluation of aflatoxin content in pistachio, almond, hazelnut and walnut in Isfahan
Z. Shakeri E. Rahimi A. ShakerianAflatoxins are a group of closely related carcinogenic metabolites produced by certain species of Aspergillus. The objective of this study was to detect the level of aflatoxin in nuts. A total of 80 samples of nuts including, pistachio (20), almond (20), hazelnut (20) a MoreAflatoxins are a group of closely related carcinogenic metabolites produced by certain species of Aspergillus. The objective of this study was to detect the level of aflatoxin in nuts. A total of 80 samples of nuts including, pistachio (20), almond (20), hazelnut (20) and walnut (20) were collected and were analyzed (using HPLC) for aflatoxin B and aflatoxin G in Isfahan during 2016. The aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, and total aflatoxin were found in 2.5%, 5.5%, 5.7%, 7.2%, and 10% of the analyzed sample (by an average concentration of 8.32, 5.635, 3.067, 1.705 and 10.375 ppb), respectively. The concentration of AFB1 in 66.67% and the concentration of AFT in 37.5% from positive samples were higher than the approved limit (5 ppm) of Iranian National Standard. The percentage of pistachio AF-positive nuts was significantly (p < 0.05) more than other analyzed nuts (almond, hazelnut, and walnut). The results showed that contamination of nuts in Isfahan (especially pistachio) to aflatoxins was not satisfactory and can adversely affect the consumer's health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Survey of Nutrition and Health Claims on Dairy Products Labels in Tehran
M. Asafari P. Mahasti H. HamediFood labelling plays a major role in the marketing and identification of products. Given the different physical conditions of each person, the nutritional needs of individuals will also be different. In this context, manufacturers must ensure the integrity of the conten MoreFood labelling plays a major role in the marketing and identification of products. Given the different physical conditions of each person, the nutritional needs of individuals will also be different. In this context, manufacturers must ensure the integrity of the content and labelling of foodstuffs so that they do not confuse consumers and do not compromise their health. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the labelling information and its compliance with the criteria established by the FDA. In this descriptive-analytical study, the labelling information of 272 dairy products was recorded. Then the information was investigated with documents in the Food and Drug Administration and the general guidelines of food and beverages. The results showed that 45.2% of the samples contained descriptive statements, of which 50.18% were unauthorized. There was 50.55%, 95.6%, 68.4%, 57.5%, defect with the FDA labelling in enrichment foods, probiotic foods, health claims, and nutrition facts label, and 0.36% of the samples claims were invalid. 3.2% of the samples had nutritional claims, and 14% of the samples hadn’t traffic-light nutrition labelling. Food labels are a tool for measuring the health of products and will have a significant role in reducing NCD. This study reveals the need for more and more rigorous monitoring of food labels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Chemical composition and nutritional value of the freezing consolidated burgers (Kilka–Silver carp) during cold storage
سحر Fathi A.A khanipour, یاسمن FahimDejbanConsolidated fish burger is a new product which is a combination of common Kilka (Clupeonellacultriventriscaspia) and Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) minced with flavors, fillers, vegetables and tofu dressing. Consolidated fish burger is produced in order to b MoreConsolidated fish burger is a new product which is a combination of common Kilka (Clupeonellacultriventriscaspia) and Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) minced with flavors, fillers, vegetables and tofu dressing. Consolidated fish burger is produced in order to boost the nutritional value and to reduce the cost of end product. This study aimed to investigate the variations in the composition of consolidated burger during 4 months of storage at -18 °C. For this purpose, 4 types of burgers with a combination of a various percentages of Kilka and Silver carp were produced. The chemical composition by means of total protein, fat, moisture and ash contents were evaluated during preparation (zero phase) and 4 months of storage. Results showed that at zero-phase protein% and moisture% in raw Silver carp was higher, whereas fat% and ash% in Kilka was found higher. Protein content in all groups was decreased during 4 months of storage. The decreasing rate was more rapid in control group as well as treatment 3. Fat percentage was dropped during the storage period and the decreasing trend in treatment 2 was found higher. In the case of moisture, the percentage was declined in all groups and in treatment 1, in particular. Considering the results, it was concluded that freezing could significantly decrease the nutritional value of the consolidated Burgers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Alterations in acute phase proteins, hemogram and electrophoretic pattern of equine serum proteins following change of diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate
Rouhoullah Karampour Mohammad Razi Jalali mohammad rahim haji hajikalaei Alireza Ghadrdan mashhadiDespite extensive studies on the relationship between diet type and its effect on equine biochemical factors, little is known about horse serum and plasma proteins following changes in diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate. Acute phase proteins are a group o MoreDespite extensive studies on the relationship between diet type and its effect on equine biochemical factors, little is known about horse serum and plasma proteins following changes in diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate. Acute phase proteins are a group of serum proteins whose concentrations increase in response to infections, inflammation, trauma, and neoplasia. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the serum levels of serum biomarkers, fibrinogen and total protein concentration along with the nutritional behavior of horses during diet change. For this purpose, two types of diets, including forage (first treatment) and mixture of forage with concentrate (second treatment) were used for each horse for fifteen consecutive days. Complete blood cell counts as well as serum levels of fibrinogen, haptoglobin and amyloid type A were measured before and after dietary changes. Serum fibrinogen, haptoglobin and amyloid A levels were significantly increased in horses of the second treatment group compared to horses in the first treatment group (p<0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference in the complete blood cell count due to the change of diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate (p<0.05). It seems that changes in the natural flora of the horse's digestive tract following a change in diet can protect the animal's body against acute inflammatory and traumatic injuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - The comparison of serum concentrations of some elements in healthy and pica affected camels
Gholamali Kojouri Reza Gharehdaghli Abdonaser MohebiPica is the ingestion of nonfood materials which may occur due to digestive system disorders, metabolic diseases, parasitic infestation and/or some deficiencies and then leads to intoxication, TRP, peritonitis, reticulo-omasal orifice dysfunction, abomasal impaction, ab MorePica is the ingestion of nonfood materials which may occur due to digestive system disorders, metabolic diseases, parasitic infestation and/or some deficiencies and then leads to intoxication, TRP, peritonitis, reticulo-omasal orifice dysfunction, abomasal impaction, abomasitis and intestinal obstruction. In the present study sex, age range and location of camels (Camelus dromedarius) were determined and blood samples were taken before the slaughter. In postmortem examination, forestomach contents of 300 slaughtered camels were carefully examined for the presence of foreign bodies. Blood samples of 20 healthy and 20 camels with pica were used to determine the serum concentrations of iron, copper, zinc, phosphorus, selenium, cobalt and copper to zinc ratio. The results showed that 36 of 300 camels were suffering from pica and the incidence was estimated at 12 percent. Among these, metallic objects with a relative frequency of 33.33% had the highest and woody material with 5.26% had the lowest occurrence. Serum levels of iron, copper, phosphorus, selenium, cobalt and the ratio of copper to zinc in camels with pica were significantly lower than healthy ones. Statistical analysis showed that the serum levels of zinc, copper and phosphorus in male camels with pica were significantly lower and serum levels of cobalt were higher than their female counterparts (p<0.05). It is concluded that deficiencies of iron, copper, phosphorus, selenium and cobalt may play a role in camel pica. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Effect of nutrients density on performance of broilers and its correlation with carcass characteristics in grower period of broiler chicks
ابوالفضل Bashiri A.R Safamehr مسعود Mostashari مهرنوش MirzaeiThis experiment was conducted in order to investigate the correlation between different levels of diet nutrients in grower period on performance and carcass characteristicsof broiler chicks. The chickens were fed the same diet in starter period; later four diets with di MoreThis experiment was conducted in order to investigate the correlation between different levels of diet nutrients in grower period on performance and carcass characteristicsof broiler chicks. The chickens were fed the same diet in starter period; later four diets with different levels of nutrients were used in grower period. The levels of metabolisable energy in the experimental diets were 3000, 3100, 3200 and 3300 kcal/kg. Diets used in the research are set according to NRC (1994). Furthermore, the ratios of all energy to protein were kept constant. The results showed that weight gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass characteristics were affected by different levels of nutrients. In addition, an increase in density of nutrients had a direct correlation with gain weight, and a reverse one with feed and carcass percentage. Finally, analysis of regression between carcass and nutrients density indicated that there were a correlation between nutrients density changes and carcass with increasing levels of nutrients. In other words, carcass percentage (r=97%), edible carcass percentage (r=95%), thigh percentage (r=92%) and relative weight of gizzard (r=91%) showed the highest regression. Feed cost per kg of meat decreased with lowest energy level (p<0.05). As a result in broiler diets using low density nutrients can be useful than high density nutrients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - The Effect of Consumer Media on the Indicators of Rural and Nomadic Lifestyle (Case Study: Youth (20-34 Years Old) in Gilane Gharb Province in 2017)
Masoumeh Heidaryzargoosh Khalil Mirzaei Majid Kaffashi -
Open Access Article
198 - A Modified Novel Method for Solving the Uncertainty Linear Programming Problems Based on Triangular Neutrosophic Number
Kshitish Mohanta Vishal Chaubey Deena Sharanappa Vishnu Mishra -
Open Access Article
199 - The effect of nutrient seed priming with iron sulfate and zinc sulfate on the germination and seedling growth of lentil seeds
Mohammad Vahdani Rashvanloi Majid Jami Al-Ahmadi Mohammad Hasan Sayyari Zahan Hadi Shourideh Moslem MostafaeeIn a laboratory study, the effect of seed nutritional pretreatment on germination and seedling growth traits of lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) in the form of two separate experiments in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications for two pretreatmen MoreIn a laboratory study, the effect of seed nutritional pretreatment on germination and seedling growth traits of lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) in the form of two separate experiments in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications for two pretreatment materials [prime with iron sulfate (FeSO4) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) ] were investigated. In each experiment and for each prime material, five levels of prime material concentration (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mM) were considered. The measured traits were germination percentage and speed, length of root and shoot, wet and dry weight of seedling, and longitudinal root index of seedling. The results of the data showed that in terms of the type of pretreatment, iron sulfate was superior to zinc sulfate and caused the major improvement of the germination indicators, except for the germination speed. Also, by increasing the concentration from 30 to 60 mM, the highest indicators of germination and seedling growth were obtained. However, with a further increase in the concentration of the pre-treatment material, a decreasing trend was observed in all the measured traits, which could possibly be due to the toxicity in the seeds under high concentrations of metals. In general, according to the obtained results, it seems that the use of these two substances, especially iron sulfate, with a maximum concentration of 60 mM, is beneficial for improving the germination and nutritional characteristics of seeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Evaluation of structural and functional characteristics of ecological spots using the LFA
Maasoumeh Movaghari Leila KhalasiKhuzestan province is one of the provinces that have been struggling with the phenomenon of dust in recent years and has suffered many economic, social and environmental consequences. This research was conducted to identify the ecological components in the sand dunes of MoreKhuzestan province is one of the provinces that have been struggling with the phenomenon of dust in recent years and has suffered many economic, social and environmental consequences. This research was conducted to identify the ecological components in the sand dunes of Zoeir in Khouzestan province with the aim of evaluating soil level indices by LFA method. This region is located at 48.1 km distance from Ahvaz city. Sampling unit in this research was linear transect. Ecological spots and the spaces between them were determined during each transect and then five repetitions were selected randomly between them. Then, eleven soil indices that determine three functional characteristics (stability, permeability and nutrient cycle of the elements) were scored according to Tongway and Hindly) 2003(. Then, three functional features were determined based on the scores of related indices, Using LFA software. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and comparison of ecological spots. The result showed that the highest percentage of soil stability is related to tree spots and the smallest percentage refers to the spatial space (bare soil). Also, the highest percent of the nutrient cycle was related to tree and tree trunk spots and the spatial space (bare soil) with the forbs spot had the lowest food cycle. Also, contrary to the research hypotheses, the highest percentage of permeability belonged to the bare soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Evaluation of growth Feature of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum trees using stem analysis
jamshid eslam dost hormoz sohrabi seyed mohsen hoseyniTree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and vo MoreTree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and volume growth of two fast growing species (namely Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum). After falling down the trees, 5 centimeter thick disks at 2 meter intervals were collected and transported to the laboratory. The thickness of the annual rings was measured in two perpendicular directions up to1millimeter precision. The results showed that the highest value of the current growth of diameter of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 4 and 6 year ages, respectively, equal to 1.5 and 5.4 cm and the highest value of the current basal area growth of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 9 and 10 year ages, respectively, equal to 0.1 and 0.14 square meters. Furthermore, the highest value of the current growth of height of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 6 and 9 year ages, respectively, with value of 1.3 m 3.1 m and the highest value of the current growth in the volume of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 8 and 12 year ages, with a value of 0.094 and 0.1 cubic meters, respectively. Finally, there would be concluded that both of these species in such sites can meet the environmental needs such as green spaces as well as economic goals such as commercial wood product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - The effect of combined application of volck oil, calcium, potassium on budburst and cold tolerance physiology of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)
Abbas Sabberi Rouhollah KarimiIn order to investigate the effects of foliar application of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and Volck oil separately or in combination on budburst and cold tolerance-related physiological indices in Bidaneh-Sefid grapevine, a randomized complete block design with four rep MoreIn order to investigate the effects of foliar application of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and Volck oil separately or in combination on budburst and cold tolerance-related physiological indices in Bidaneh-Sefid grapevine, a randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted in 2017 in a commercial vineyard located in Abasabad village, Khondab in Markazi province. Treatments included control, Volck oil, Volck oil + Ca, Volck oil + K, K, Ca, Ca + K, and Volck oil + Ca + K. The vines were sprayed with Volck (1%), calcium (2%), and potassium (3%) in mid April at the wooly stage and one week later. The traits included days to budburst, ion leakage, peroxidation of membrane lipids, chlorophyll a and b, relative water content, soluble carbohydrates, proline, soluble proteins, and phenol. The combined treatment of Volch + Ca + K resulted in 5 day retardation in budburst compared to control vines. The highest concentrations of carbohydrate, phenol, and protein were obtained with Ca + K combined treatment, and the lowest ones were observed in both control and Volck oil- treated vines. The highest amounts of chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll were obtained from Ca and K treatment and the lowest was observed in Volck oil treatment. The highest concentrations of proline, carbohydrate, and soluble protein were related to Ca + K treatment, and the lowest ones were obtained for control treatment. The highest relative water content, ion leakage, and membrane lipid peroxidation were detected in control vines. Therefore, in order to avoid late spring frost in vineyards, the combination of Volck oil + Ca + K was found to be appropriate in vineyards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Effects of humic acid and mycorrhiza on morphological characteristics and nutrients concentration of red bean (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Mojtaba Yousefi Rad Abolfazl Masomi ZavarianIn order to investigate the effect of interaction of mycorrhiza and humic acid on morphological characteristics, seed protein percentage, and nutrients concentration of red beans, an experiment was conducted as factorial randomized complete block design in three replica MoreIn order to investigate the effect of interaction of mycorrhiza and humic acid on morphological characteristics, seed protein percentage, and nutrients concentration of red beans, an experiment was conducted as factorial randomized complete block design in three replications. Research factors included mycorrhiza at three levels of control, Glomus intraradice, Glomus mossea, and also foliar application of humic acid at three levels of control, 15, and 30 mg/l. The experiment was conducted as pot and under normal and uncontrolled conditions. Measured traits included plant height, root length, number of plant pods, number of seeds in each pod, 100 seeds weight, seed protein, and nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of leaves. Application of mycorrhiza and humic acid increased measured traits except for the number of seeds in each pod and 100 seeds weight. There was no significant difference between the two strains and also levels of 15 and 30 mg/l humic acid in the studied traits. Generally, foliar application of 15 mg/l humic acid in the presence of mycorrhiza was more effective than other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - The effects of vermicompost and Azomite on growth parameters, biochemical traits and absorption of nutrients in summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.)
Rasoul Narimani Mohammad Moghaddam Hassan Ebrahimi Danial ShokouhiVermicompost as a bio-fertilizer increases plant yield and improves its growth traits through improving the physicochemical properties of the soil and enhancement of nutrients absorption by plants. Azomite also improves plant yield and growth traits through exhaustive r MoreVermicompost as a bio-fertilizer increases plant yield and improves its growth traits through improving the physicochemical properties of the soil and enhancement of nutrients absorption by plants. Azomite also improves plant yield and growth traits through exhaustive range of beneficial elements. In order to investigate effects of different levels of vermicompost and Azomite application on growth and some qualitative characteristics and mineral absorption of summer savory, a pot factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications and two factors, namely vermicompost and Azomite in four levels (0, 5, 10, and 15%) and (0, 3, 6, and 9 g/kg soil), respectively in the research greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The traits under investigation included plant height, plant fresh and dry weight, number of branches, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and soluble carbohydrates content, as well as absorption of nutrients. Results showed that application 10% and 15% vermicompost combined with 3 grams of Azomite per kg of soil increased significantly plant growth parameters such as leaf and stem fresh and dry weight, internode length, and stem diameter as well as biochemical traits such as relative water content, soluble sugar content, and photosynthetic pigments compared to control plants (non-application of vermicompost and Azomite). The interaction between vermicompost and Azomite had a significant effect on nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, iron, zinc, and manganese concentrations. The use of vermicompost (levels 10% and 15%) with Azomite (at all three levels) significantly increased the concentration of these elements compared to the control treatment. It was also observed that the use of vermicompost as alone caused a significant increase in potassium and magnesium in plants compared with non-fertilized treatment. In general, the results of this experiment showed that using vermicompost and Azomite mineral fertilizer can improve quantitative and qualitative traits and absorption of nutrients in summer savory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Evaluation of the effect of foliar and soil application of zinc and silicon nanoparticles on some physiological traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
norollah kheyri Hossein Ajam Norouzi Hamid Reza Mobasser Benjamin TorabiTo evaluate the effect of various application methods of zinc (Zn) and silicon (Si) on some physiological traits of rice (cv. Tarom Hashemi), a field experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with 16 treatments and three replicati MoreTo evaluate the effect of various application methods of zinc (Zn) and silicon (Si) on some physiological traits of rice (cv. Tarom Hashemi), a field experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with 16 treatments and three replications in Nour in 2016. The experimental treatments included T1: Control, T2: Calcium silicate soil application, T3: Zinc sulfate soil application, T4: Calcium silicate + Zinc sulfate, T5: Nano-Si foliar application, T6: Nano-Si + Calcium silicate, T7: Nano-Si + Zinc sulfate, T8: Nano-Si + Calcium silicate + Zinc sulfate, T9: Nano-Zn oxide foliar application, T10: Nano-Zn oxide + Calcium silicate, T11: Nano-Zn oxide + Zinc sulfate, T12: Nano-Zn oxide + Calcium silicate + Zinc sulfate, T13: Nano-Si + Nano-Zn oxide, T14: Nano-Si + Nano-Zn oxide + Calcium silicate, T15: Nano-Si + Nano-Zn oxide + Zinc sulfate and T16: Nano-Si + Nano-Zn oxide + Calcium silicate + Zinc sulfate. Results showed that straw protein, zinc and silicon in grain and straw were affected by experimental treatments, but the evaluated treatments showed no significant effect on grain protein and chlorophyll content of flag leaf. Among evaluated treatments, the combined application of silicon and zinc improved nutrient absorption compared to separate application of each element and control. This indicates the aggregation of Zn and Si compounds and their synergistic effects. Combined application of silicon and zinc by both methods of NP foliar application and soil application (T16) improved nutrients uptake in grain and straw of rice, but among the methods used, the NP foliar application had a more positive effects in improving physiological characteristics of rice plants than the treatments of soil application of elements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Effect of biodegradable and nanotropic fertilizers (Manganese, Cupper, and Zinc) on economic yield, antioxidant enzymes and concentration of some elements in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) under drought Stress
esmat hashemi nafiseh mahdi nezhad barat ali fakheri roghaei mohammadpourIn order to investigate the effects of nanofertilizers (Fe, Zn, and Mn), Bioumik biological fertilizer, and drought stress on the economic yield of the sepal, antioxidant enzymes, and concentration of some elements in roselle plants under drought stress, a spilt plots e MoreIn order to investigate the effects of nanofertilizers (Fe, Zn, and Mn), Bioumik biological fertilizer, and drought stress on the economic yield of the sepal, antioxidant enzymes, and concentration of some elements in roselle plants under drought stress, a spilt plots experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Farm of the University of Zabol in 2015. Experimental treatments included drought stress at 4 levels (30, 50, 70, and 90 percent available moisture) as the main factor and four levels of fertilizers (no fertilizer, nano-iron, iron compounds, and nano-biological fertilizers) as the sub-agent. The main effects of drought stress, fertilizer, and their interactions on all traits were significant at P≤0.01. The highest fresh and dry weights were obtained under nano-iron fertilizer and 70 percent drought tolerance. Nano-iron fertilizer and 30 percent available moisture content resulted in the highest levels of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes. Application of nano-iron fertilizer increased the concentration of micro and macro elements (Fe, Zn, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) in the plant and the highest concentrations of the elements were observed in the interaction of nano-iron fertilizer with drought stress at 70 percent capacity of the pot. In general, it can be said that stress has a destructive effect on the plant, the use of nano-iron increases plant tolerance to stress, and the use of Roselle plant is suitable for stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Evaluation of the effect of Azospirillum spp. inoculation, alone and in combination with phosphate solubilizing bacteria Bacillus megaterium , on alleviation of the effects of salinity stress on Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)
Nosratollah Abasi Jalal Jalilian Mohhamad Javad ZareIncreasing salinity of soil and water is the most important concern for agriculture in dry lands. In this research the effect of Azospirillum inoculation alone and in co-inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria was investigated in alleviating the adverse effect MoreIncreasing salinity of soil and water is the most important concern for agriculture in dry lands. In this research the effect of Azospirillum inoculation alone and in co-inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria was investigated in alleviating the adverse effect of salinity on mung bean Vigna radiata L. cv Gohar) for 2-year under field condition. The study was a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main factors were application of various serovars of Azospirillum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria Bacillus megaterium, co-inoculation of both bacteria, non-inoculated treatment as control and two levels of salinity irrigation (0.2 and 12 dS m-1). Analysis of variance indicated significant effect of salinity and microbial inoculation on mung bean seed yield. Salinity resulted in reduction of seed yield by 88%. Under salinity and non-salinity conditions, the highest amount of grain yield, seed weight, and seed number was observed in plants with seeds inoculated with Azospirillum. The minimum Na and K and maximum P contents of seeds were observed in Azospirillum inoculated plants. Co-inoculation with Azospirillum and Bacillus megaterium resulted in no further beneficial effect under saline and non-saline conditions. Overall, Azospirillum appeared to be effective in mitigation of the adverse effect of NaCl and its co-inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria gained no more additives benefit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Study on dynamism of the main nutrient elements along litter decomposition process of Bromus tomentellus Bornm
zeinab jafarian Zahra Yuosefi Mohammad Hodjati Mohammad TayebiSince Bromes tomentellus is one of the most important species in natural ecosystems in Iran both quantitatively and qualitatively, this research investigated decomposition process of Bromes tomentellus through studying dynamism of the main nutrient elements and decompos MoreSince Bromes tomentellus is one of the most important species in natural ecosystems in Iran both quantitatively and qualitatively, this research investigated decomposition process of Bromes tomentellus through studying dynamism of the main nutrient elements and decomposition rate of leaves and stems of the plantin a period of one year. The litter bag technique with size of 20×20 cm and 2 mm pores was used in this research. Each bag was filled with 5 g dried plant specimens. A totallof 54 bags with leaf, stem, and combination of leaf and stem were placed with three replications in Hosein Abad Research Station. Bags were taken at intervals of 60 days (6 times in a year). The amount of nutrients N, C, K, P, and C/N in leaves, stems, and the combination of leaves and stems were measured after each sampling. The results showed that the percentage of N in leaf was 1.02 which was 0.65 and 0.34 more in comparison with the nitrogen content of stem and the combination of leaf and stem, respectively. Also, annual decomposition constants of leaves, stems, leaves and stems of this species were 1.22, 0.95, and 1.88 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Effect of Iron, Manganese, and Nitrogen nano-fertilizers on some agronomic and physiological traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars
gafar bakhtiari Masoumeh Maleki Majid Rostami­In order to investigate the effects of different nano-fertilizers of Iron, manganese, and Nitrogr on some agronomic and physiological traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design ( More­In order to investigate the effects of different nano-fertilizers of Iron, manganese, and Nitrogr on some agronomic and physiological traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in a farm in Northwestern Dehloran. Experimental factors included three cultivars of sesame (Dehloran landrace, Dashtestan 2, and Darab 1) and four levels of nano-fertilizer foliar application (control, Fe, N, and Mn). Based on the results, the interaction of cultivar × nano-fertilizer on number of seeds per capsule, 1000 seeds weight, biological yield, and harvest index were significant (p≤0.05). Carotenoids and also soluble sugars content were affected only by the foliar application of nano-fertilizers and the highest amount of carotenoids and soluble sugars was observed in iron nano-fertilizer treatment. The highest amount of biological yield (1305 g.m-2) was observed in Dashtestan 2 with manganese application whereas the lowest biological yield (357 g.m-2) was in Darab 1 with control treatment. The highest seed yield (215 g.m-2) was observed in Dashtestan 2, and the difference between this cultivar and the other cultivars was significant. Application of different nano-fertilizer had positive effects on seed yield but only the effect of manganese nano-fertilizer on this trait was significant. Manganese resulted in the highest amount of seed yield (186 g.m-2) which was significantly different from the treatment with iron fertilizer and control (123 g.m-2). Based on the findings, Dashtestan 2 is recommended as the best cultivar for plantation in the region. Also, application of Manganese nano-fertilizer had a remarkable performance in yield improvement in sesame cultivars. Therefore, manganese nano-fertilizer is recommended for nourishing sesame while more studies are suggested on the effects of this fertilizer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Effects of Alhagi maurorum and Cardaria draba weeds on mineral nutrients absorption in wheat
Nayer Mohammadkhani Moslem ServatiAllelopathy can affect the plant growth and change the soil nutrient contents. The aim of this study was evaluation of the allelopathic effects of Alhagi maurorum L. and Cardaria draba L. as two important weeds in wheat fields on nutrient absorption of this crop. Pot ex MoreAllelopathy can affect the plant growth and change the soil nutrient contents. The aim of this study was evaluation of the allelopathic effects of Alhagi maurorum L. and Cardaria draba L. as two important weeds in wheat fields on nutrient absorption of this crop. Pot experiments were designed to study the allelopathic effects of A. maurorum and C. draba shoots on mineral nutrient contents in wheat. The absorption of high demand (NO3-, K+, Ca2+ and P) and low demand micronutrients (Fe2+ and Cu2+) in roots and shoots of wheat plants reduced in plants cultivated on rhizospheric soil of A. maurorum and C. draba. Allelopathy did not affect absorption of Mg2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+. Allelopathic effect of A. maurorum was significantly (P<0.05) higher than C. draba. It seems that decrease in mineral nutrients absorption was because of allopathic effects of the released allelochemicals from the roots of C. draba and A. maurorum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - The study of the response of some physiological characteristics and grain yield of Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea L.) cultivars to drought stress and foliar application of chelated nano iron
nafiseh mahdi nezhad hamideh jamalpour barat ali fakheri hameideh azadIn order to study the effect of foliar application of chelated nano iron and drought stress on physiological changes and grain yield of purslane cultivars, an experiment was conducted as split plot factorial randomized complete block design with three replications in Ah MoreIn order to study the effect of foliar application of chelated nano iron and drought stress on physiological changes and grain yield of purslane cultivars, an experiment was conducted as split plot factorial randomized complete block design with three replications in Ahar Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Station during 2015. The experimental factors included drought stress levels, 90 (control), 70, and 50 field capacity, two levels of chelated nano iron, 0 (control) and 1 lit.hr, and two cultivars (Tehran and Kazeron). Results showed that foliar application of nano iron under drought stress had a significant effect on some traits, so that the highest content of chlorophyll b (4.47 mg/g leaf tissue) was recorded under normal irrigation and foliar application of nano iron chelated, the highest sodium concentration (38.87%) was obtained from 50% filed capacity and non foliar application of chelated nano iron, and the highest potassium content (87.68%) was obtained under drought stress conditions of 50% filed capacity and foliar application of chelated nano iron. Considering the significance of interaction effects, the highest amount of proline (1.22 mg/g fresh weight), soluble sugar (96.92 mg/g fresh weight), and iron (1.11%) was obtained from Kazeron cultivar under drought conditions, 50% filed capacity by non foliar application of chelated nano iron. The highest amounts of chlorophyll a (6.99 mg/g of leaf tissue), carotenoids (1.67 mg/100 ml), and anthocyanins (0.017 mg/100 ml) were recorded by foliar application of chelated nano iron in Kazeron cultivar under normal irrigation. Also under stress conditions, the use of chelated nano iron compared to control increased the grain yield by 32.66% and Kazeron cultivar was superior to Tehran cultivar, so that the seed grain yield of Kazeron was 1.31 more than that of Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - The effect of foliar application of iron, potassium, calcium and manganese nanoclates on some morphophysiological and nutrient traits of peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Hamidreza Bagheri alireza ladanmoghadam Elham Danaee Vahid AbdossiDue to the importance of using nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture to increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of agricultural products, This study aims to investigate the effect of foliar application of iron, potassium, calcium and manganese nanoparticles MoreDue to the importance of using nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture to increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of agricultural products, This study aims to investigate the effect of foliar application of iron, potassium, calcium and manganese nanoparticles on some morphophysiological traits and nutrient uptake of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) that is one of the most important medicinal plants of the lamiaceae family was done in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2018 in a greenhouse located in Islamshahr. Foliar application treatments of iron, potassium, calcium and manganese nanoclates included three levels of 2, 4 and 6 mg/l. Foliar application was applied in three stages with one week intervals and two weeks after the last foliar application, sampling was performed to evaluate the traits. The results showed that the application of nano-chelates significantly increased the evaluated traits compared to the control, so that the highest fresh and dry weight of shoots, total chlorophyll content of leaves and iron in the treatment of iron nano-chelate 6 mg/l, the highest fresh and dry weight of roots and the amount of potassium in the treatment of nano-chelate potassium was obtained 6 mg/l, also the highest amount of phenol and manganese in the treatment of nano-chelate manganese 6 mg/l, the highest amount of flavonoids and vitamin C in the treatment of nano-chelate Manganese 4 mg/l, the highest amount of calcium was observed in the treatment of calcium nano-chelate, 6 mg/l and the highest amount of essential oil was observed in the treatment of iron nano-chelate, 4 mg/l. In general, according to the results of this study, the application of iron, potassium, calcium and manganese nano-chelates with concentrations of 4 and 6 mg/l has a positive effect on increasing the productivity of peppermint. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - The combined role of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilizer on nutrient uptake of shoot in barley under rainfed conditions
Rahim Naseri Amir Mirzaei Amin AbbasiIn order to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza fungi on nutrient uptake of barley in rain fed conditions, a field experiment was carried out in factorial analysis based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm station of Sarablah Agricul MoreIn order to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza fungi on nutrient uptake of barley in rain fed conditions, a field experiment was carried out in factorial analysis based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm station of Sarablah Agricultural Research Center, Ilam during 2019-2020 cropping season. Experimental factors were four barley cultivars (Mahali, Mahoor, Khoram, and Fardan) and fertilizer application including: control (without fertilizer application and mycorrhizal fungi), 50% P chemical fertilizer recommended based on soil test (25 keg/ha), mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum, and Rhizophagus irregularis), mycorrhizal fungi along with 50% P chemical fertilizer, and 100% P chemical fertilizer as recommended. Results indicated that interaction between cultivar and fertilizer sources had significant effect on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, and manganese. Interaction of Fardan cultivar and mycorrhizal fungi + 50% phosphorus fertilizer resulted in the highest nitrogen (11.1%), phosphorus (1.19%), potassium (3.92%), magnesium (0.292%), iron (136.5 mg.kg-1) manganese (65.8 mg.kg-1), and copper (65.71 mg.kg-1) in leaves. According to the obtained results, in the rain fed conditions, the new cultivar Fardan is recommended with mycorrhizal fungi along with 50% phosphorus fertilizer given the high concentration of high macro elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium) and micro elements (iron, manganese, and copper) and the role of these elements in plant growth and photosynthesis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Effects of auxin and gibberellin hormoneson some agronomic, physiological and biochemical traits of tancy mustard (Descurainia sophia) under different levels of humic acid
mohammad jahantigh Isa Khamari Alireza sirousmehr mehdi dahmardehThe use of plant hormones in the last decade has been considered due to the expansion of sustainable agriculture and therefore should be investigated in the integrated management of crops. In order to investigate the effect of application of different plant hormones (au MoreThe use of plant hormones in the last decade has been considered due to the expansion of sustainable agriculture and therefore should be investigated in the integrated management of crops. In order to investigate the effect of application of different plant hormones (auxin and gibberellin) on some agronomic, physiological and biochemical characteristics of sorrel under different levels of humic acid, an experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications was carried out in research farm of the Agricultural Research Institute of Zabol University (Chah Nimeh) for two years. The main factor includes two concentrations of humic acid (0 and 5 liters per hectare) and the secondary factor includes nine concentrations of foliar application including control (foliar application with distilled water), auxin hormone (IBA) in concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg / l. IBA and gibberellin at concentrations of 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg / L. The results of combined analysis of data showed that the three-way effect of experimental treatments was not significant for any of the studied traits but the interaction of humic acid and foliar application was significant for all studied traits. Humic acid significantly increased plant height, number of seeds per pod, leaf chlorophyll percentage, protein percentage, harvest index, grain yield, mucilage and unsaturated fatty acid, as well as foliar application of 20 mg / l IBA increased plant height Number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight and leaf chlorophyll and levels of 60 and 45 mg / l gibberellin Plant height traits Weight 1000 seedlings. In general, it can be concluded that the level of 5 liters per hectare humic acid and foliar spraying of 20 mg per liter of IBA is suitable for sorrel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Compensate for reduced yield due to late water stress by using growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Mehrnoush Eskandari Torbaghan sayd fazel fazeli kakhki Mohammad JoleiniThe application of foliar spraying can be practical in critical stages for alleviating plant nutritional needs in the short term. To investigate the effect of growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat on the compensation of required compounds from storage sources MoreThe application of foliar spraying can be practical in critical stages for alleviating plant nutritional needs in the short term. To investigate the effect of growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat on the compensation of required compounds from storage sources to grain in the remobilization process in the stopping last irrigation, an experiment was carried out in a split-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm of Kashmar research station in 2020-2021. The main plots were two variety of wheat: V1: Sirvan and V2: Rakhshan, the subplots were growth enhancers including (T1: Control, T2: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + amino acid (2:1000); T3: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + micronutrient (2:1000); T4: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + humic acid (2:1000). The results showed that the highest plant height was obtained from T3 treatment in the Sirvan cultivar. In both Sirvan and Rakhshan varieties, the highest peduncle length was recorded from a foliar spray of T3. The highest plant dry weight (1290 g.m-2) per square meter was also obtained from T2 in Sirvan. Grain weight per square meter in the Sirvan cultivar was 651, 582, and 462 g.m-2 from the application of T2, T3, and T4, respectively, which was higher than the Rakhshan cultivar in these treatments. The highest amount of photosynthesis was 19.1 μCO2mol.m-2. s-1, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 (Ci) were obtained in the Sirvan cultivar by T2 application. In general, the effect of T2 treatment on photosynthesis and yield indicates compensation for the lack of grain yield (52% increase) and biomass (51%) due to the last water stop in the Sirvan cultivar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Effect of different strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on micronutrients uptake in shoots and yield of seeds in soybean (Glycine max L.)
آذر دخت Mehdipoor M.A Rezaei احمد Asgharzadeh علی CheratiRhizobium inoculants have been used for a long period of time to increase yield and decrease nitrogen fertilizers application in different legume crops. Application of these biological fertilizers can provide benefits for environmental purposes and considerable improvem MoreRhizobium inoculants have been used for a long period of time to increase yield and decrease nitrogen fertilizers application in different legume crops. Application of these biological fertilizers can provide benefits for environmental purposes and considerable improvement in yield. In order to investigate the effects of inoculating soybean seeds with six different strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (include domestic product of soybean inoculum; RS150, RS151, RS152, RS154 and Nitrogen-Italia inoculums) on uptake of microelements in shoots and subsequently yield, an experiment was conducted on field conditions. In 50 percent flowering stage, leave samples were collected and Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn amount of the samples were determined. Yield was also measured in harvesting time. Results showed that Bradyrhizobium bacteria inoculation had a significant effect on nutrients content of leaves in comparison with the control. In addition, comparing yield in control with other treatments showed that the influence of inoculation on yield was significant. Application of biological fertilizers is therefore so important in optimizing fertilizer consumption in agricultural and ecological system. Thus, biological fertilizers can be used instead of chemical fertilizers due to their considerable effects on increasing yield and diminishing harmful effects of chemical fertilizers on the nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - In vitro culture of carnation and acclimatization of the plantlet to ex vitro condition
مه لقا ghorbanli ف nouri-cootanai ب Allahverdi MamaghaniDianthus caryophyllus is one of the most important species in Dianthus genus. In order to propagation virus-free plant material, in vitro culture of this species var cerise royallette were studied. Explants were cultured in Anderson medium containing 1 mgl-1 6-benzylami MoreDianthus caryophyllus is one of the most important species in Dianthus genus. In order to propagation virus-free plant material, in vitro culture of this species var cerise royallette were studied. Explants were cultured in Anderson medium containing 1 mgl-1 6-benzylaminopurine. 6-benzylaminopurine alone induced callus in nodes and internodes explants. To achieve organogenesis, calli subcultured onto Anderson medium with or without plant growth regulator. The highest shoot length was obtained in medium without any hormone. The most suitable adventitious shoot regeneration medium was Anderson medium supplement with 4 mgl-1 Kin and 0.1 mgl-1 NAA. Root regeneration was observ ed in medium with 0.5 and 1 mgl-1 naphtalenacetic acid. Rooted plantlet transferred into pot with perlite and irrigated by different nutrient solution. The effect of different nutrient solution (An, OM, MS, MC) on growth and development of plantlet were compared. The results showed Anderson medium was more effective than the others. Acclimatized plants were transferred to soil. All plants were survived in field condition and produced flower after 4 months. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - The effect of nutritional treatments on some morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi Bioss.
Sudabeh Mafakheri Rahman Hallaj Roghayeh AminianIn order to study the effects of applying chemical and biofertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi Bioss., a factorial CRD experiment including 18 treatments with 4 replications, was conducted at Imam Khomeini Internatio MoreIn order to study the effects of applying chemical and biofertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Dracocephalum kotschyi Bioss., a factorial CRD experiment including 18 treatments with 4 replications, was conducted at Imam Khomeini International University research greenhouse. The treatments were: vermicompost (0, 10 and 20 V/V), phosphate biofertilizer (application and no-application) and chemical fertilizer (0, 50 and 100% of the recommended amount equal to 0, 0.48 and 0.96 gr/pot respectively).The essential oil was extracted by hydro distilation method by using a clevenger apparatus and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results were showed that the maximum plant height, number of branches per plant, number of inflorescences per plant, fresh and dry weight and the highest percentage of essential oil were obtained as a result of using 20% vermicompost. Plants treated by 50% of recommended NPK+20% vermicompost showed the highest rate of photosynthesis and transpiration. The maximum nitrogen concentration in leaf tissue was obtained from applying 100% of the recommended amount of NPK+biophosphate. Applying 100% recommended NPK+20% vermicompost, resulted in higher phosphorus concentration in leaves. The highest concentration of potassium in leaves was obtained from plants treated with 20% vermicompost. 26 different compounds were identified in the essential oil among them limonene and verbenone were the main components. The highest amounts of these two compounds were obtained under 20% vermicompost treatment. According to the results vermicompost is an efficient substitute for chemical fertilizers in production of D.kotschyi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Effect of two irrigation methods and two types of fertilizers on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Rosa damascene Mill. extract
Reza Dehghani Bidgoli Zahra Abdolahpoor Maryam AkhbariPhenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins) are the most important natural antioxidants. Rosa damascene Mill. is one of the most natural medicine, which has been used in Iranian ancient and were cultivated traditionally in different parts of Iran. & MorePhenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins) are the most important natural antioxidants. Rosa damascene Mill. is one of the most natural medicine, which has been used in Iranian ancient and were cultivated traditionally in different parts of Iran. The present study was conducted to investigate the quantitative and qualitative properties of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Rosa damascene Mill. under the influence of two types of fertilizers (livestock manure and fertilizer), as well as two irrigation methods (flushing and dripping) in Kashan university (2015). The total phenolic, flavonoidal, alkaloids, tannin contents and the antioxidant activity were measured by spectrophotometer and DPPH methods, respectively, then all data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 19 and analysis of variance. The results of the phytochemical test confirmed the presence of secondary compounds such as tannin, anthocyanin and flavonoids, and the absence of alkaloids in the extract of this species. Also, the total flavonoid content in the sample used for chemical fertilizer was slightly higher than the other samples. The Livestock manure and flood irrigation treatments showed the highest and lowest phenolic compounds respectively and drip irrigation treatment had the most antioxidant properties. The results of this research were showed that the irrigation and nutrition can be controlled the production, quantity and quality of secondary compounds in plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Evaluation of quantity and quality of Linum usitatissimum L. fatty acids under the influence of boric acid, salicylic acid, and urea foliar application during the day
mahtab pouyanfar Naser Mohebalipour Hassan Nourafcan Ali FaramarziLinum usitatissimum L. is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world and moreover, its oil is a valuable source of essential fatty acids composed of omega-3 such as alpha-linolenic acid. This plant is sensitive to fertilizer that is poured near the stem. There MoreLinum usitatissimum L. is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world and moreover, its oil is a valuable source of essential fatty acids composed of omega-3 such as alpha-linolenic acid. This plant is sensitive to fertilizer that is poured near the stem. Therefore, foliar application of nutrients is used as an efficient method with a major impact on the growth, quantity and quality of active ingredients in this product. This factorial experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Medicinal Plants Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch, during 2019 to assess the effect of foliar application of different concentrations of boric acid, salicylic acid and urea at different hours of the day on increasing the quantity and quality of essential fatty acids. Treatments were applied at ten-day intervals in three periods after the beginning of flowering and the final harvest was performed to extract the oil with N-hexane solvent after capsule maturity. The percentage of fatty acid profile of flaxseed oil were determined using GC and GC-MS connected to mass spectrometer. Based on the results, the foliar application 50 mg/l salicylic acid on the percentage of alpha-linolenic acid and 3 liters of boric acid on linoleic acid after sunset, and 100 mg/l salicylic acid on eicosadienoic acid before sunrise and 5 g/l urea on palmitoleic acid after sunset were effective. Therefore, a combination of environmental effects on the plant before and during foliar application and plant physiology during and after uptake determines the effect of foliar application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Investigate of variation of morphological and phytochemical traits of Matricaria recutita L. affected by foliar application of iron, zinc, manganese and copper
سعید یوسف زادهIn order to investigation of effect of iron, zinc, manganese and copper on morphological and phytochemical traits of Matricaria recutita L, an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2017 on the Research Field of Payam MoreIn order to investigation of effect of iron, zinc, manganese and copper on morphological and phytochemical traits of Matricaria recutita L, an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2017 on the Research Field of Payam Noor University of Marand. Experimental treatments consisted of control, foliar application of iron, zinc, manganese, and copper. Results showed that foliar application had significant effect on all studied traits. Application of micronutrients had positive effect on studied traits compared to control treatment. The highest values of plant height, number of flowering branch per plant, number of flower per plant, yield of dry flower, total dry weight, harvest index, chlorophyll content, essential oil percent and essential oil yield were gained of foliar application of iron. The total chlorophyll content increased significantly due to the application of micronutrient elements compared to control treatment. Foliar application of Fe more than twice increased essential oil yield compare to control treatment. The highest and the lowest essential oil yield (1.93 and 0.9 kg/ha) was gained in application of Fe and control treatments respectively. Foliar application of iron treatment (383 kg/ha) increased yield of dry flower percent up to 30% compare to control treatment (258.63 kg/ha). Non application of micronutrients decreased all of the studied traits in plants. In general, results showed that foliar application of iron can be improved quantitative and qualitative yield of Matricaria recutita L. which could be used as a suitable management strategy for reach to optimum yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Investiganting the effect of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on physiological and phytochemical variations of Rosa damascena. Mill. esential oil
Zahra Allahverdi Mehrab Yadegari Mohammad MoghaddamRosa damascena Mill. belongs to Rosaceae family and is considered as one of the most important medicinal and industrial plant. In the present study, the effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated on physiologic MoreRosa damascena Mill. belongs to Rosaceae family and is considered as one of the most important medicinal and industrial plant. In the present study, the effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated on physiological and phytochemical traits of Rosa damascena Mill. in two separate experiments based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Farsan during two growing seasons (2019 and 2020). Foliar application of methyl jasmonate (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg L-1) was performed three times with 4-day intervals before the flowering stage. Essential oil extraction was done by steam distillation (a clevenger apparatus), phytochemical evaluation was performed using spectrophotometric method, and antioxidant performance was evaluated through DPPH test. Results showed that foliar application of elicitors increased dry weight of leaves and photosynthetic pigments. The phenolic compounds of leaves and petals of R. damascena Mill. also increased in response to applied elicitors and the highest increment was observed in plants treated with 1 mM methyl jasmonate and 100 mg L-1 titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Also the results showed the positive effect of applied treatments on increasing macro (N, P, K and Mg) and micro elements (Fe, Mn, and Zn) in leaves of damask rose. Methyl jasmonate (0.5-1 mM) increased the essential oil content of the treated plants by 34.32%. According to the obtained results, methyl jasmonate applied at concentration of 1 mM is suggested to improve the physiological and phytochemical characteristics of the R. damascena plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Climate change impacts on nitrogen and phosphorus loading in New England watersheds
Jenna Baker Timothy Randhir -
Open Access Article
224 - Digital soil mapping of Maniyari Basin using Geospatial Techniques
Dipak Bej Naresh Kumar Baghmar -
Open Access Article
225 - Antimicrobial effect of walnut leaves aqueous extract and comparison of disc diffusion and wells methods
Afshin alimohammadi Afshin Javadi Elham YaghmaToday food safety is a public health issue. One of the methods of healthy food production is the use of natural materials. The use of essential oils and plant extracts as antibacterial and antifungal additives is one of these methods. Antimicrobial compositions obtained MoreToday food safety is a public health issue. One of the methods of healthy food production is the use of natural materials. The use of essential oils and plant extracts as antibacterial and antifungal additives is one of these methods. Antimicrobial compositions obtained from plants were removed by different mechanisms of antibiotics, in which the effective influences of walnut and its components are significant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of walnut leaf extract on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), determine the optimal amount of extract and sensitivity to each of the bacteria against the extract and determine the most sensitive method of the study. In this study, the leaves was extracted from the walnut and then the antimicrobial properties of the extract and its optimal concentrations were measured using disc and well methods on S. aureus and E. coli. Based on the results, the extract of walnut leaves in the concentrations of 12.5% up to the above has antimicrobial effect. By increasing the amount of extract, the growth rate of the bacteria significantly decreases (p<0.01). The highest non-growth halo in both methods was obtained from the control sample containing chloramphenicol disk on the E. coli (24 mm) and after it, the sample that contain 50% extract on S. aureus had 13.33 non-growth halo in the well method, and in the disc method, the 50% extract of S. aureus had the highest non-growth halo (11 mm). In fact, S. aureus was more susceptible to walnut leaves extract than E. coli in both methods. However, between the two methods, the sensitivity of the wells samples was more than the discontinuation method. The overall result shows that the sample containing 50% walnut leaf extract on S. aureus has the most antimicrobial activity among other samples after the control sample (chloramphenicol disc on E. coli). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - گیاهان دارویی آمریکای جنوبی برای درمان هیپرپلازی خوش خیم پروستات: یک بررسی سیستماتیک
الیانا سولورزانو پائولو پاستور دیوید گریسفیBackground & Aim: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the prevalent age-related medical conditionin men. In the last 20 years, alternative therapies, especially those based on herbs, are increasingly preferred. The most popularly consumed herb is Serenoa re MoreBackground & Aim: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the prevalent age-related medical conditionin men. In the last 20 years, alternative therapies, especially those based on herbs, are increasingly preferred. The most popularly consumed herb is Serenoa repens, a plant growing in the subtropical south-eastern United States which has shown very efficient results compared to pharmacological conventional treatments both in terms of cost and risks associated with them. Nevertheless, the same trial found no difference between S. repens and placebo according to the American Urological Association Symptom Score Index. As more and more consumers are turning increasingly towards natural therapies, it would be appropriate to promote the recognition of the value of other medicinal plants with potential applicability through comprehensive research. For this purpose, a descriptive comparison between several South-American plants little publicised in the pharmaceutical market is presented to slightly narrow the gap between the reliable evidence-based and popular information for consumers and the pharmaceutical industry.Experimental: With this approach, a review of the literature was conducted through an electronic consultation of two databases, Science Direct and Google Scholar™.Results: This narrative review highlights the wide range of natural medicines available for controlling the inflammatory symptoms of the lower urinary tract, which could be more explored from a pharmacological and chemical point of view.Recommended applications/industries: The future use of natural products requires further investment in pre-clinical research and in clinical trials that investigate stability and a profitable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic ratio. Although they are well tolerated and used daily by South American populations, the industry's proper commercial focus on these natural remedies cannot be separated from appropriate phyto-vigilance actions promoted Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - مقایسهی تاثیرات ضد اسهال دو ترکیب گیاهی پودر سنجد و پلانتاژل در سگ
علیرضا لطفی سام ترکان محسن جعفریان دهکردیBackground & Aim:Increasing the tendency in families for taking care of pets makes people pay more attention to their disease especially the common ones. In recent years the tendency to use of herbal drugs has increased in animals. Herbal drugs MoreBackground & Aim:Increasing the tendency in families for taking care of pets makes people pay more attention to their disease especially the common ones. In recent years the tendency to use of herbal drugs has increased in animals. Herbal drugs are plants that one or some of their members have effective. We supposed that the Elaeagnus angustifolia(oleaster) powder has the plantagel. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the oleaster powder herbal compounds and plantagel as anti-diarrhea in dogs. Experimental: This study was done on 12 male dogs collar (3 quadri groups) with the similar approximate weight and similar age in veterinary clinic of Islamic azad university of Shahrekord branch. Sana flower herbal syrup was used to cause the diarrhea in all 3 groups. They received 15 mg/kg every 12 hours and all groups were suffering from diarrhea. Three groups were studied including testifier group without remedy, the first care group that received 5 mg/kg of oleaster and the second care group that received the plantagel powder every day and during this period of time the whole index related to diarrhea were exanimate whether on aspect of clinical or mortal factors. Results: By looking at the mortal indices, it was observed that the percentage of hematocrit in plantagel and oleaster groups in comparison with testifier group in recovery time was significantly different (P>0.05), that shows the recovery of mortal hematocrit index. Also the percentage of neutrophils in oleastergroup with testifier and plantagel groups was observed a meaningful difference which is reducethat is a sample of meaningful increase in comparison with other groups (P>0.05). Also by sampling from excrement, the numbers of the bacteria showed a meaningful difference in oleaster and plantagel group in comparison with testifier group (P>0.05). Recommended applications/ industries: The use of oleaster powder as dose and time dependent causes reducing the duration of diarrhea because of the prehensile materials in oleaster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Hazelnut shell as a valuable bio-waste support for green synthesis of Ag NPs using Origanum vulgare leaf extract: Catalytic activity for reduction of methyl orange and Congo red
Bahar Khodadadi -
Open Access Article
229 - Nano-peanut shell-OSO3H: Green and natural-based renewable nanocatalyst for one-pot synthesis of dihydropyrano[3,2-b]chromenedione derivatives
Bahareh Sadeghi Zahra Lasemi Mansooreh Pisheh Abadi -
Open Access Article
230 - The Effect of Social Networks on the pattern of nutrition consumption among Citizens over 18 Years in Ardabil
ali jafari behroz zarpooshThis study aims to examine the impact of social networks on the pattern of nutrition consumption among citizens over 18 years in the city of Ardabil. This is an applied study that made use of the survey method for data collection. Bourdieu's lifestyle theory and ppostmo MoreThis study aims to examine the impact of social networks on the pattern of nutrition consumption among citizens over 18 years in the city of Ardabil. This is an applied study that made use of the survey method for data collection. Bourdieu's lifestyle theory and ppostmodernist theory of social networks were used for the theoretical framework. The research population consisted of all citizens over 18 years of age in Ardabil, which, according to the latest census, numbered around 115000 people. Utilizing Morgan’s table, 384 individuals were selected as the sample via multi-stage cluster sampling. Researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect the data. The results showed that on average, half of the sample used at least one hour of social networks (preferably the Telegram) per day. The results also showed that social networks have a significant positive effect on changing the pattern of nutrition among citizens of Ardabil and around 0.255 of the variations in the pattern of nutrition were predicted by social networks utilization. Social networks also had a significant positive effect on the consumption of traditional medicine and on food safety but had a significant negative effect on the consumption of fast foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Morning vs. Afternoon Harvest Time of Alfalfa, Clover, and Barley Affect the Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Silage
J. Bayatkouhsar F. Rezaii F. Ghanbari R. Rahchamani -
Open Access Article
232 - ترکیب اسید چرب داخل عضلانی ماهیچه Longissimus گوسالههای از شیر گرفته نشده نژاد Minhota در سن کشتار متفاوت
جی.پی. آرایجو پی. پیرس جی.ل. سرکواِیرا م. باروس ت. مورنومحصولات گوشتی از 16 نژاد گاو پرتقالی ارزش اقتصادی و فرهنگی بالایی برای جمعیتهای بومی نشان میدهد. در این میان، Minhota یکی از مهمترینها در توانایی تولید گوشت واقع در شمال غربی کشور است. این نژاد برای کیفیت گوشت بالا استفاده میشود. این مطالعه تاثیر سن کشتار، گوشت گوسا Moreمحصولات گوشتی از 16 نژاد گاو پرتقالی ارزش اقتصادی و فرهنگی بالایی برای جمعیتهای بومی نشان میدهد. در این میان، Minhota یکی از مهمترینها در توانایی تولید گوشت واقع در شمال غربی کشور است. این نژاد برای کیفیت گوشت بالا استفاده میشود. این مطالعه تاثیر سن کشتار، گوشت گوساله (6 ماهه) و گاو (9 ماهه) و جنس، پرورش یافته در سیستم تولید سنتی، روی ترکیب اسید چرب داخل عضلانی ماهیچه longissimus و کیفیت تغذیه را شرح میدهد. نمونههایی از ماهیچهlongissimus thoracis برای ترکیب اسید چرب چربی درون ماهیچهای از 41 گاو نژاد Minhota آنالیز شدند. گوساله شیرگیری نشده (22) و گاو (19)، مربوط به نرها (n=25) و مادهها (n=16) آنالیز شدند. هر دو گروه از حیوانات در یک سیستم تولیدی سنتی پرورش یافتهاند. گوشت نژاد Minhota یک منبع ارزشمند از اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع، خصوصاً اسیدهای چرب C-20 و C-22 n-3 در جیره انسانی است. یک نسبت n-6:n-3 پایین نشان میدهد که چربی در این نژاد ارزش تغذیهای خوبی دارد. تفاوتها در ترکیب چربی از گوساله و گاو میتواند به این واقعیت که مکیدن مادری (maternal suckling) در حیوانات جوانتر مهمتر است نسبت داده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Nutritional Status of Dairy Cattle in theNorth-Western Himalayan Region of the Kashmir Valley
S.H. Bhat D. Medhi H.A. Ahmed F.A. Matto -
Open Access Article
234 - اثر سیستم جنگل-زراعی روی چرا، نشخوار، و رفتارهای استراحت گاوهای شیری
آ.آ. اُلیوال اف.ب. آرایوجو ت.آ. دلوالِ جی.آ.سی. اُسوریو م. کامپانا جی.پی.جی دِ مورایسمطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی آثار سیستم جنگل-زراعی روی رفتار تغذیهای گاوهای شیری در منطقه آمازون برزیل انجام شد. 19 گاو شیری آمیخته (14±3.30 کیلوگرم/روز مقدار شیر و 450 ±40.1 کیلوگرم وزن بدن) استفاده شدند. تیمارهای زیر ارزیابی شدند: A) حیوانات در مرتع Moreمطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی آثار سیستم جنگل-زراعی روی رفتار تغذیهای گاوهای شیری در منطقه آمازون برزیل انجام شد. 19 گاو شیری آمیخته (14±3.30 کیلوگرم/روز مقدار شیر و 450 ±40.1 کیلوگرم وزن بدن) استفاده شدند. تیمارهای زیر ارزیابی شدند: A) حیوانات در مرتع باز Brachiaria brizantha تمام روز نگهداری شدند؛ B) حیوانات در علوفه بادام زمینی نگهداری شدند (Arachis pintoi) در طول صبح (بین ساعت 7 و 12) و در muvuca، یک نوع از طبقهبندی جنگل-زراعی، بعداز ظهر (بین ساعت 12 و 23) و C) حیوانات در علوفه بادام زمینی در طول صبح (بین ساعت 7 و 11) و در مرتع باز Brachiaria brizantha در طول بعد از ظهر (بین 12 و 23) نگهداری شدند. رفتارهای چرا، نشخوار، و استراحت هر 10 دقیقه کنترل شدند، و شاخص ساعت به عنوان اندازه تکرار شده در یک طرح مربع لاتین 3 × 3 آنالیز شدند. بین ساعت 7 و 9، حیوانات نگهداری شده در مرتع باز چرای بیشتر و شاخص نشخوار کمتری نسبت به حیوانات نگهداری شده در علوفه بادم زمینی نشان دادند. در طول زمانهای داغ روز، حیوانات نگهداری شده در مرتع باز شاخص چرای بالاتری نشان دادند. حیوانات تیمارهای A و C شاخص چرای چرای بالاتری نسبت به آنهایی که در تیمار B قرار داشتند بین ساعت 15 و 17 نشان دادند. حیوانات نگهداری شده در muvuca شاخص چرای بالاتری داشتند، که منتج به نشخوار و استراحت کمتر، در پایان روز شد. در کل، سیستم جنگل-زراعی چرا و شاخص نشخوار را تثبیت کرده و شاخص چرا در طول دوره زمانی داغ روز را افزایش میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Performance of Lactating Sahiwal Cows Fed Corn Stovers Ensiled with Molasses, Urea and Lime Solution
F. Ahmad N.A. Tauqir A. Faraz I. Asghar F. Wadood M.N. Tahir M.N. Mujahid -
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236 - Environmental Temperature Influences Diet Selection and Growth in Early-Weaned Lambs
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237 - Effects of Nutritional Systems on Early Weaned Lambs
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238 - Effect of Replacing Bone Ash with Eggshell Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens
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239 - مقایسه تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی، ارزش تغذیهای، انرژی قابل متابولیسم و قابلیت هضم ماده آلی برخی از واریتههای نخود
ت. آیسان آی. یولگر ام. کالیبر اس. ارگول اچ. اینسی د. مارت م. طغیانیاین مطالعه برای تعیین ارزش تغذیه­ای واریته­های مختلف نخود با استفاده از تکنیک تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تنوع معنی­داری از نظر ترکیبات شیمیایی، نرخ تولید گاز و انرژی قابل متابولیسم، انرژی خالص شیردهی و ماده آلی قابل هضم بین هشت واریته Moreاین مطالعه برای تعیین ارزش تغذیه­ای واریته­های مختلف نخود با استفاده از تکنیک تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تنوع معنی­داری از نظر ترکیبات شیمیایی، نرخ تولید گاز و انرژی قابل متابولیسم، انرژی خالص شیردهی و ماده آلی قابل هضم بین هشت واریته مختلف نخود وجود دارد. در واریته­های مختلف نخود، محتوای پروتئین از 26/15 تا 52/18 درصد ماده خشک، محتوای چربی خام از 14/4 تا 33/5 درصد ماده خشک، محتوای خاکستر از 69/2 تا 46/3 درصد ماده خشک متغیر بود. فیبر محلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) و فیبر محلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADF) در واریته­های مختلف نخود به ترتیب از 46/12 تا 29/17 درصد ماده خشک و از 80/3 تا 87/4 درصد ماده خشک متغیر بوده است. تولید گاز کُل 24 ساعت واریته­ها از 67/58 تا 66/81 میلی­لیتر در هر 200 میلی­گرم ماده خشک (DM) در نوسان بوده است. محتوای انرژی قابل متابولیسم محاسبه شده (ME) و ماده آلی قابل هضم (DOM) واریته­های نخود به ترتیب در محدوده 25/10 تا 83/13 مگاژول در هر کیلوگرم ماده خشک و 69/68 تا 64/91 درصد متغیر بوده است. در نتیجه، نخود می­تواند با موفقیت در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان به کار گرفته شود. همچنین واریته­های کاگاتای و ازمیر بر مبنای ارزش غذایی­شان، بهتر از سایر واریته­های مطالعه شده بودند. Manuscript profile -
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240 - Therapeutic Evaluation of Mineral Preparation for the Amelioration of Anaemia in Goats of Arid Zone of Rajasthan
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241 - Proximate, Mineral and Anti-Nutrient Composition of Wild Ganoderma lucidum: Implication on Its Utilization in Poultry Production
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242 - Importance of Phosphorus in Farm Animals
S. Manopriya A.A.A.U. Aberathna D.A. Satharasinghe L.J.P.A.P. Jayasooriya M.M.M.G.P.G. Mantilaka C.A.N. Fernando B.P.A. Jayaweera W.A.D.V. Weerathilake G.A. Prathapasinghe J.A. Liyanage J.M.K.J.K. Premarathne -
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243 - Inoculation of Corn Seedlings with Piriformospora indica Influences Grain Biomass Yield, Forage Quality, Rumen Degradation Kinetics and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy Molecular Structures
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244 - Feeding of Safflower (Carthamus tintorius) Cake in Small Ruminant Total Mixed Rations: Effects on Growth Traits and Meat Fatty Acid Composition
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245 - اثر قارچ (پلوروتوس فلوریدا) بر ترکیب شیمایی
م. ناصحی ن.م. تربتی نژاد س. زره داران ا.ر. صفاییاین تحقیق به ­منظور بررسی اثر عمل­آوری بیولوژیکی با قارچ پلوروتوس فلوریدا بر ترکیب شیمیایی و تجزیه­پذیری شکمبهای ماده خشک و آلی کاه گندم و جو انجام گرفت. کاه گندم و جو از مزارع استان گلستان ایران جمع­آوری و بعد از پاستوریزه کردن، با اسپان قارچ (5 درصد و Moreاین تحقیق به ­منظور بررسی اثر عمل­آوری بیولوژیکی با قارچ پلوروتوس فلوریدا بر ترکیب شیمیایی و تجزیه­پذیری شکمبهای ماده خشک و آلی کاه گندم و جو انجام گرفت. کاه گندم و جو از مزارع استان گلستان ایران جمع­آوری و بعد از پاستوریزه کردن، با اسپان قارچ (5 درصد وزن تر) مخلوط شد. بعد از 21 روز نمونه­ها در آون (60 درجه سانتی­گراد) به منظور توقف رشد قارچ خشک شد. تجزیه­پذیری ماده خشک و آلی به روش کیسه­های نایلونی با استفاده از دو رأس قوچ دالاق فیستولا گذاری شده تعیین گردید و نمونه­ها از صفر تا 96 ساعت در شکمبه قرار داده شدند. کشت قارچ به ­طور معنی­داری مقدار ماده خشک، NDF و ADF را در کاه گندم و جو کاهش داد (01/0P<). خاکستر و پروتئین خام به­ شکل قابل توجهی در تیمارهای آزمایشی با کشت قارچ افزایش یافت (01/0P<). مقدار عصاره اتری و ADL در اثر عمل­آوری با قارچ تغییر معنی­داری پیدا نکرد. بخش محلول (a) و بالقوه قابل تجزیه (a+b) ماده خشک در اثر عمل­آوری با قارچ به­ طور معنی­داری در هر دو کاه افزایش یافت (05/0P<). بخش نامحلول اما قابل تجزیه (b) ماده خشک کاه گندم در اثر عملآوری با قارچ به ­طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت (05/0P<)، اما در کاه جو تغییر معنی­داری پیدا نکرد. بخش a و a+b تجزیه­پذیری ماده آلی در اثر عمل­آوری در هر دو کاه افزایش یافت (01/0P<). بخش b تجزیه­پذیری ماده آلی در اثر عمل­آوری با قارچ در کاه گندم به ­شکل قابل توجهی افزایش یافت (01/0P<)، اما در کاه جو تغییری پیدا نکرد. بنابراین، نتیجه گرفته می­شود که عمل­آوری با قارچ ارزش غذایی کاه گندم و جو را در تحقیق حاضر بهبود بخشید. Manuscript profile -
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246 - Symbiotic-Glyconutrient Mixture or Pasteurized Colostrum as a Strategy to Increase Health and Performance during First 30-d of Birth of Calves Reared in a Dairy Farm with Good Management Practices
M.E. Calderón-Díaz G. López-Valencia A. Barreras F.J. Monge-Navarro Y.S. Valdés García S.M. Gaxiola-Camacho N. Castro Del Campo J.B. Leyva-Morales A. Plascencia -
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247 - The Effect of Trace Mineral Source on Nutrients Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters
A. Abdian Samarin M.A. Norouzian A. Afzalzadeh -
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248 - Impact of Raw Tallow Detarium microcarpum (Guill and Sperr) Seed Meal on Performance and Blood Parameters in Broilers
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249 - کاربرد توابع سینوسی برای تفکیک مصرف پروتئین خام و انرژی مصرفی بین نگهداری و رشد در هسته والدینی جوجههای گوشتی
ح. درمانی کوهی اس. لوپز آ. شعبانپور آ. محیط س. فلاحی جی. فرانسبیشتر مدل­های توسعه­یافته­در حد ظرفیت ژنتیکی رشد طیور خطی هستند. به هرحال، مدل­های خطی پایه­ریزی شده براساس مقادیر ثابت راندمان استفاده از مواد مغذی به ­طور مناسبی بیانگر فرایندهای ژنتیکی دخیل در رشد طیور نیستند. بنابراین، یک تناقض بین تئوری­ Moreبیشتر مدل­های توسعه­یافته­در حد ظرفیت ژنتیکی رشد طیور خطی هستند. به هرحال، مدل­های خطی پایه­ریزی شده براساس مقادیر ثابت راندمان استفاده از مواد مغذی به ­طور مناسبی بیانگر فرایندهای ژنتیکی دخیل در رشد طیور نیستند. بنابراین، یک تناقض بین تئوری­های پذیرفته شده و فرضیات مدل­های ریاضی برای پیش­بینی و آنالیز نیازمندی­ها آشکار است. از آنجایی که پاسخ حیوان به انرژی، پروتئین و اسیدهای آمینه ضروری یک فرایند خطی-منحنی است، بنابراین بایستی به همین نحو برای تخمین سطوح مطلوب اقتصادی ارزیابی شوند. موضوع این مطالعه بکارگیری دو تابع سینوسی با رفتار خطی-منحنی برای تخمین نیازمندی­های انرژی متابولیسمی و پروتئین خام برای نگهداری و رشد در گله­های هسته جوجه­های گوشتی بود. توابع مدنظر با استفاده از رگرسیون غیر خطی برای تخمین پارامترهای استفاده شده جهت محاسبه مشخصه­های بیولوژیکی برازش داده شدند. نتایج برازش توابع به داده­ها و عملکرد آماری آنها و معنی­داری بیولوژیکی تخمین­های پارامتری، قابلیت مدل­ها را در توصیف ارتباط بین انرژی (یا پروتئین) و افزایش وزن بدن را در هسته­های والدینی جوجه­های گوشتی نشان داد. نیازمندی­های نگهداری تخمین زده شده و مقادیر تعیین شده از نیازمندی­های انرژی و پروتئین برای افزایش وزن در مطابقت با مقادیر گزارش شده توسط سایر محققین بوده ­است. Manuscript profile -
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250 - ترکیب شیمیایی، تجزیه پذیری و قابلیت هضم پوست گردوی فرآوری شده با قارچ نوروسپورا سیتوفیلا
م. تکلوزاده ا. دیانی ر. طهماسبیدر این تحقیق ارزش غذایی پوست گردوی فرآوری شده با قارچ نوروسپورا سیتوفیلا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ترکیب شیمیایی نمونهها به وسیله آنالیزهای آزمایشگاهی ارزیابی شد. آزمایش قابلیت هضم به روش in vitro برای تعیین ضرایب هضم ماده خشک، ماده آلی و همچنین ماده آلی در ماده خشک برای ت Moreدر این تحقیق ارزش غذایی پوست گردوی فرآوری شده با قارچ نوروسپورا سیتوفیلا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ترکیب شیمیایی نمونهها به وسیله آنالیزهای آزمایشگاهی ارزیابی شد. آزمایش قابلیت هضم به روش in vitro برای تعیین ضرایب هضم ماده خشک، ماده آلی و همچنین ماده آلی در ماده خشک برای تخمین مقدار انرژی قابل متابولیسم پوست گردوی فرآوری شده انجام شد. تجزیه پذیری ماده آلی و مواد نامحلول در شوینده خنثی نمونهها با روش in situ در ساعتهای صفر، 3، 6، 12، 24، 48 و 72 ساعت پس از انکوباسیون تعیین شد و کینتیک آنها با استفاده از فرمول P= a + b(1−e−ct) توضیح داده شد. شاخص ارزش غذایی نمونهها با استفاده از معادله NIV= a + 0.4b + 200c محاسبه گردید. دادههای به دست آمده در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی آنالیز شدند. مقدار تانن و فنول پوست گردو به وسیله فرآوری کاهش پیدا کرد (05/0>P). هیچ تأثیر معنی داری بر پارامترهای تجزیه پذیری و شاخص ارزش غذایی پس از فرآوری مشاهد نشد. ضرایب هضمی ماده خشک، ماده آلی، ماده آلی در ماده خشک و انرژی قابل متابولیسم پوست گردوی فرآوری شده به طور معنی داری کمتر از پوست گردوی فرآوری نشده بود (05/0>P). Manuscript profile -
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251 - Impact of Siberian Larch Dihydroquercetin or Dry Distilled Rose Petals as Feed Supplements on Lamb’s Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Blood Count Parameters
N.Z. Stancheva J.L. Nakev D.B. Vlahova-Vangelova D.K. Balev S.G. Dragoev -
Open Access Article
252 - عملکرد، وضعیت سلامتی و میزان آغوز میشهای دوقلوزای افشاری و رشد و زندهمانی برههای آن تحت تأثیر افزایش پروتئین قابل متابولیسم جیره در اواخر آبستنی قرار نمیگیرد
س.س. موسوی ح. امانلو ع. نیکخواه ح.ر. میرزایی الموتی ع.م. تهرانیهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثر دو سطح پروتئین قابل متابولیسم (MP) جیره غذایی در اواخر آبستنی بر عملکرد و وضعیت سلامتی میشهای افشاری و زندهمانی و رشد برهها بود. از 6 هفته قبل از زایش، 32 رأس میش افشاری به طور تصادفی به دو تیمار غذایی اختصاص یافتند، که حاوی غلظت پروتئین Moreهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثر دو سطح پروتئین قابل متابولیسم (MP) جیره غذایی در اواخر آبستنی بر عملکرد و وضعیت سلامتی میشهای افشاری و زندهمانی و رشد برهها بود. از 6 هفته قبل از زایش، 32 رأس میش افشاری به طور تصادفی به دو تیمار غذایی اختصاص یافتند، که حاوی غلظت پروتئین قابل متابولیسم کم (LMP) یا زیاد (HMP) بودند. میشها به طور انفرادی در LMP (16 رأس) و در HMP (16 رأس) به صورت ایزوکالریک (39/2 مگاکالری در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) تغذیه شدند که به ترتیب شامل 4/99 و 5/116 گرم پروتئین خام (CP) و 5/70 گرم و 6/84 گرم پروتئین قابل متابولیسم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک (DM) بود غلظتMP جیره غذایی در اواخر آبستنی، بر تغییرات وزن بدن و نمره وضعیت بدنی میشها و همچنین بر غلظت گلوکز، پروتئین کل، اسیدهای چرب آزاد غیر استریفیه (NEFA)، بتا هیدروکسی بوتیرات (bHBA)، انسولین، حساسیت به انسولین و تعداد کل گلبولهای سفید خون (WBC)، گلبولهای قرمز خون (RBC) و سایر سلولهای خون تأثیر نداشت. همینطور، مقدار و ترکیب آغوز به دست آمده در 24 ساعت اول پس از زایمان با سطحMP تغییر نیافت در نتیجه افزایش غلظت MP جیره غذایی بیشتر از نیاز استاندارد در 6 هفته قبل از زایش هیچ سودی برای میشهای دوقلوزا و برههای آنها از لحاظ عملکرد تولید و شاخصهای سلامت نداشت. Manuscript profile -
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253 - اثر دانه آسیاب شده یا کامل گندم و تریتیکاله بر عملکرد تولیدی، صفات کیفی تخم مرغ، ویژگی های دستگاه گوارش و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی در بلدرچینهای ژاپنی تخمگذار
ن. بختیاری معز س. میرزایی گودرزی ع.ا. ساکی ا. احمدیاین مطالعه به ­منظور بررسی اثر دانه آسیاب­ شده یا کامل گندم و تریتیکاله بر عملکرد تولیدی، صفات کیفی تخم ­مرغ، ویژگی­ های دستگاه گوارش و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی در بلدرچین ­های ژاپنی تخمگذار انجام شد. مجموعاً تعداد 210 قطعه بلدرچین ژاپنی تخمگذار از سن 18 Moreاین مطالعه به ­منظور بررسی اثر دانه آسیاب­ شده یا کامل گندم و تریتیکاله بر عملکرد تولیدی، صفات کیفی تخم ­مرغ، ویژگی­ های دستگاه گوارش و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی در بلدرچین ­های ژاپنی تخمگذار انجام شد. مجموعاً تعداد 210 قطعه بلدرچین ژاپنی تخمگذار از سن 18 تا 26 هفتگی در این آزمایش استفاده شد. آزمایش به ­صورت فاکتوریل 1+ 2 × 2 شامل پنج تیمار طراحی شد: 1) جیره شاهد بر اساس ذرت-کنجاله سویا، 2) دو نوع غله (گندم و ترتیکاله)، 3) دو شکل فیزیکی غله (دانه آسیاب­شده و کامل). هر تیمار شامل شش تکرار و هر واحد آزمایشی شامل قفس با هفت پرنده بود. درصد تولید، وزن تخم ­مرغ، توده تخم ­مرغ و ضریب تبدیل خوراک تحت تأثیر منبع غله قرار نگرفتند به استثنای میانگین خوراک مصرفی روزانه که فقط با تغذیه تریتیکاله کاهش یافت (P=0513). میانگین خوراک مصرفی روزانه و درصد تولید در گروه تغذیه­ شده با دانه کامل در مقایسه با گروه دریافت­ کننده دانه آسیاب ­شده بالاتر بود (p < 0.05). رنگ زرده تخم ­مرغ در گروه­ های تغذیه­ شده با گندم و تریتیکاله در مقایسه با گروه شاهد کاهش یافت (p < 0.05). وزن نسبی کبد، پیش معده، لوزالمعده، سنگدان و روده کور تحت تأثیر گروه ­های آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. تغذیه دانه کامل نسبت به شکل آسیاب­ شده باعث افزایش اسیدیته ژژنوم (P=0.0014)، روده کور (p < 0.05) و ویسکوزیته روده باریک (p < 0.001) شد. تغذیه تریتیکاله در مقایسه با گندم باعث کاهش قابلیت هضم ماده خشک (p < 0.01) و انرژی قابل سوخت ­و ­ساز ظاهری تصحیح ­شده براساس نیتروژن (p < 0.05) شد. به ­طور کلی، استفاده از دانه آسیاب ­شده تریتیکاله در جیره بر مصرف خوراک، درصد تولید و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی اثر منفی داشت ولی تغذیه دانه کامل غلات باعث بهبود عملکرد تولیدی و قابلیت هضم ماده خشک در بلدرچین­ های تخمگذار شد. Manuscript profile -
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254 - Effects of Sodium Butyrate and Rosemary Leaf Meal on General Performance, Carcass Traits, Organ Sizes and Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens
M.C. Ogwuegbu C.E. Oyeagu H.O. Edeh C.E. Dim A.O. Ani F.B. Lewu -
Open Access Article
255 - Effects of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) Oils on Nutrients Digestibility, Blood Parameters and Growth Performance of Brown Swiss Neonatal Calves
م.ع. ابراهیمی س. سبحانیراد ا.ع. بیات -
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256 - ارزیابی in situ تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و قابلیت هضم رودهای کنجاله آفتابگردان در مقایسه با کنجاله سویا
کا.و. ندلکووهدف از این مطالعه مقایسه ارزش غذایی کنجاله آفتابگردان (SFM) و پروتئین کنجاله سویا (SBM) توسط تعیین هم تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و هم قابل هضم رودهی بود. سه گاو غیر شیرده جرسی مجهز به کانولای شکمبهای و نوع T اثنیعشری (دئودنال) برای برآورد تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و قابلیت هضم Moreهدف از این مطالعه مقایسه ارزش غذایی کنجاله آفتابگردان (SFM) و پروتئین کنجاله سویا (SBM) توسط تعیین هم تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و هم قابل هضم رودهی بود. سه گاو غیر شیرده جرسی مجهز به کانولای شکمبهای و نوع T اثنیعشری (دئودنال) برای برآورد تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و قابلیت هضم رودهای ماده خشک (DM) SFM و SBM و پروتئین خام (CP) استفاده شدند. نمونههایی از SFM از هفت گیاه فرآوری شده آفتابگردان (SFM1 تا SFM7) جمعآوری شدند. هر دو خوراک پروتئینی برای ساعتهای 0، 2، 4، 8، 16، 24 و 48 در شش تکرار در شکمبه گاوها انکوبه شدند. سرعت تجزیهپذیری DM به طور متوسط 8/24 درصد برای SFM بود که کمتر از مقدار مشاهده شده برای SBM (2/29 درصد) بود (01/0>P). تجزیهپذیری موثر DM برای SFM (2/56 درصد/ساعت)، در میانگین نرخ خروج شکمبهای 06/0/ساعت، پایینتر بود (01/0>P) در مقایسه با نمونههای SBM (3/67 درصد/ساعت). کسر قابل شستشوی a پروتئین (CP) برای نمونههای SFM (3/25 درصد) بشتر بود (01/0>P) در مقایسه با تمامی دستههای SBM (5/16 درصد). تجزیهپذیری مؤثر پروتئین SFM (7/67 درصد/ساعت) در نرخ عبور شکمبهای 06/0/ساعت بیشتر بود (01/0>P) نسبت به SBM (63 درصد/ساعت). قابلیت هضم رودهای DM نمونههای SFM (6/42 درصد) اندازهگیری شده توسط تکنیک کیسه متحرک (01/0>P) نسبت به نمونههای SBM (9/71 درصد) پایینتر بود. قابلیت هضم رودهای پروتئین SFM (9/89 درصد) همچنین پایینتر بود (01/0>P) نسبت به SBM (6/94 درصد). نتایج این مطالعه نشان میدهد که نمونههای SBM مقاومتر به تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای نسبت به SFM بودند. دادهها پیشنهاد میدهند که تغییر پارامترهای حرارتدهی (toasting) میتواند تجزیهپذیری SFM را برای بهبود کیفیت پروتئین کاهش دهد. Manuscript profile -
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257 - کاربرد ایزوتوپ پایدار در علم تغذیه حیوانات
و. جعفری م. جعفری ل. روسی ا. کالیتزا م.ل. کوستانتینیکاربرد نتایج حاصل از آنالیز ایزوتوپ­های پایدار (SIA) در تحقیقات کشاورزی، اکولوژی و به طور کلی در برخی رشته­ها مانند زیست­شناسی، گیاه­شناسی، جانورشناسی، شیمی آلی، اقلیم شناسی و تغذیه، به یک رویکرد علمی استاندارد تبدیل شده است. اهداف اصلی این مقاله عبارتند Moreکاربرد نتایج حاصل از آنالیز ایزوتوپ­های پایدار (SIA) در تحقیقات کشاورزی، اکولوژی و به طور کلی در برخی رشته­ها مانند زیست­شناسی، گیاه­شناسی، جانورشناسی، شیمی آلی، اقلیم شناسی و تغذیه، به یک رویکرد علمی استاندارد تبدیل شده است. اهداف اصلی این مقاله عبارتند از: (١) ارائه یک تعریف ساده از ایزوتوپ­های پایدار و (٢) بیان روش­های اندازه­گیری تحلیلی و کاربردهای عمومی ایزوتوپ­های پایدار در تغذیه حیوانات. ایزوتوپ­های پایدار کربن (13Cδ) و نیتروژن (15Nδ) ابزارهای قدرتمندی برای ارزیابی اولویت تغذیه­ای موجودات و جایگاه تغذیه­ای آنها هستند. همچنین ایزوتوپ­های پایدار در ارتباط با مدل­های مخلوط بایزین (Bayesian Stable Isotope Mixing Models)، توضیح ارتباطات تغذیه­ای بین گونه­ها و سپس شبکه­های غذایی پیچیده را ممکن می­سازند. داده­های ایزوتوپ پایدار باید با داده­های رژیم­های غذایی مرتبط با رفتارهای تغذیه­ای تکمیل شوند تا قادر به ارائه اطلاعات دقیق انتقال انرژی یا مواد مغذی باشند. امروزه، آنالیز ایزوتوپ­های پایدار جهت پرداختن به رژیم­های غذایی حیوانات و انسان در سراسر جهان مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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258 - تأثیر بنتونیت سدیم بر فراسنجههای خونی، قابلیت هضم خوراک و فراسنجههای تخمیری شکمبه گوسفندان نر بلوچی تغذیه شده با جیره آلوده به دیازینون
م.ه. اعظمی ع.م. طهماسبی و. فروهر ع.ع. ناصریانبه علت استفاده بیش از حد آفتکش­ها به منظور تأمین تقاضای بالای خوراک، بقایای آنها در خوراک دام­ها زیاد شده است. یافتن راهبردی جدید جهت کاهش آثار مضر آفتکش­ها کاملاً ضروری به نظر می­رسد. بنابراین وارسی آثار بنتونیت سدیم بر فراسنجه­های خونی، قابلیت هض Moreبه علت استفاده بیش از حد آفتکش­ها به منظور تأمین تقاضای بالای خوراک، بقایای آنها در خوراک دام­ها زیاد شده است. یافتن راهبردی جدید جهت کاهش آثار مضر آفتکش­ها کاملاً ضروری به نظر می­رسد. بنابراین وارسی آثار بنتونیت سدیم بر فراسنجه­های خونی، قابلیت هضم خوراک و فراسنجه­های تخمیری شکمبه در گوسفندان تغذیه شده با خوراک آلوده به دیازینون (آفتکش ارگانوفسفره) هدف این مطالعه بود. 8 گوسفند نر بلوچی (2±40 کیلوگرم) به یک طرح آزمایشی فاکتوریل 2 × 2 با چهار دوره 21 روزه، اختصاص داده شدند. تیمارها شامل: جیره شاهد، جیره شاهد به همراه 4 درصد بنتونیت سدیم، جیره شاهد به همراه 21 ppm آفتکش دیازینون و جیره شاهد به همراه 4 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و 21 ppm آفتکش دیازینون بودند. قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، NDF و ADF تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت (05/0>P). بنتونیت سدیم نوسانات اسیدیته شکمبه را پس از مصرف خوراک کاهش داد. سطح نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه تیمارهای مختلف قبل از خوراکدهی مشابه بود اما 3 و 6 ساعت پس از مصرف خوراک سطح نیتروژن آمونیاکی به طور معنیداری در گروهی که خوراک آلوده به دیازینون مصرف کردند بیشتر بود (05/0>P). هموگلوبین، شمار سلول­های سفید و هماتوکریت تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند اما شمار گلبول­های قرمز و فعالیت آنزیم استیل کولین استراز به طور معنیداری در جیره­های حاوی آفتکش کاسته شد (05/0>P). نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که استفاده از سدیم بنتونیت به عنوان یک جاذب برای کاهش اثرات منفی دیازینون بر نوسانات اسیدیته و فعالیت آنزیم استیل کولین استراز مؤثر است. علاوه بر این اثری بر هموگلوبین، شمار گلبول­های سفید، هماتوکریت و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی خوراک ندارد. بنابراین بنتونیت سدیم می­تواند به عنوان یک جاذب مؤثر دیازینون در جیره گوسفندان استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
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259 - In vitro Evaluation of Oil Releasing Extent from a Calcium Salt of Fatty Acids in Different Sites of Gastrointestinal Tract
P. Peravian H. Mirzaei-Alamouti M. Dehghan-Banadaky H. Amanlou M. Vazirigohar H. Khalilvandi P. Rezamand -
Open Access Article
260 - بررسی اثر محدودیت و شوری آب مصرفی روی عملکرد، فراسنجههای خونی و قابلیت هضم ظاهری خوراک در برههای نر بلوچی
و. وثوقی-پوستین دوز ع. طهماسبی ع.ع. ناصریان ر. ولی زاده ه. ابراهیمیبه منظور بررسی اثر محدودیت و شوری آب مصرفی بر عملکرد، فراسنجههای خونی و قابلیت هضم ظاهری خوراک در برههای نر بلوچی، از ۲۰ رأس بره نر (میانگین سن ٥±١٧۰ روز و میانگین وزن ٨/۲±٣١ کیلوگرم) بصورت فاکتوریل (۲×۲) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تکرار در هر Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر محدودیت و شوری آب مصرفی بر عملکرد، فراسنجههای خونی و قابلیت هضم ظاهری خوراک در برههای نر بلوچی، از ۲۰ رأس بره نر (میانگین سن ٥±١٧۰ روز و میانگین وزن ٨/۲±٣١ کیلوگرم) بصورت فاکتوریل (۲×۲) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تکرار در هر تیمار استفاده شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل گروه اول: دسترسی آزاد به آب مصرفی با سطح سختی کم، گروه دوم: دسترسی به ٥۰ درصد میانگین آب مصرفی روزانه با سطح سختی کم، گروه سوم: دسترسی آزاد به آب مصرفی با سطح سختی زیاد و گروه چهارم: دسترسی به ٥۰ درصد میانگین آب مصرفی روزانه با سطح سختی زیاد، بودند. طول مدت آزمایش ٤۲ روز که شامل ١٤ روز عادتپذیری و ۲٨ روز دوره آزمایش بود. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که محدودیت آب منجر به ایجاد اختلاف معنیداری در ماده خشک و آب مصرفی، افزایش وزن روزانه و نسبت آب مصرفی به خوراک مصرفی، هورمون آلدوسترون، نیتروژن اورهای خون، کلسترول، تریگلیسرید، هماتوکریت، کلر، پتاسیم، سدیم سرم،pH شکمبه و قابلیت هضم ADF،NDF، CP، ماده آلی، ادرار و مدفوع تولیدی در برهها شده است (05/0>P)، از طرفی مصرف آب با سختی زیاد منجر به ایجاد اختلاف معنیداری در ماده خشک و آب مصرفی، افزایش وزن روزانه، نسبت آب مصرفی به خوراک مصرفی، سدیم سرم و ادرار تولیدی در برهها شد (05/0>P). سایر پارامترهای اندازهگیری شده در برههای آزمایشی، تحت تأثیر محدودیت مصرف و شوری آب قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). با توجه به دادههای بدست آمده میتوان نتیجهگیری نمود که هر چند محدودیت آب و سختی آن میتواند اثرات منفی بر عملکرد و فیزیولوژی حیوان بگذارند ولیکن این حیوانات میتوانند تا سطح ٥۰ درصد محدودیت و ٨۰۰۰ میلیگرم در لیتر شوری آب را تا حداقل برای مدت ۲٨ روز بدون تغییرات زیانبار و کشنده تحمل کنند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - اثر روش تجویز پروبیوتیک و تراکم مواد مغذی جیره بر عملکرد رشد، سلامت روده و برخی از متغیرهای خونی در جوجههای گوشتی سالم یا مبتلا به عفونت ایمری
ف. خلیق ا. حسنآبادی ح. نصری-مقدم ا. گلیان غ.ع. کلیدریاین آزمایش با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر روش تجویز پروبیوتیک (PAR)، تراکم مواد مغذی جیره (DND) و چالش آیمریا (ECH) بر عملکرد، ریختشناسی روده و متغیرهای خونی جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. تخم مرغهای دارای جنینهای 5/17 روزه با 1/0 میلیلیتر آب مقطر (شاهد حامل) یا 1/0 میلیلیتر آب مق Moreاین آزمایش با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر روش تجویز پروبیوتیک (PAR)، تراکم مواد مغذی جیره (DND) و چالش آیمریا (ECH) بر عملکرد، ریختشناسی روده و متغیرهای خونی جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. تخم مرغهای دارای جنینهای 5/17 روزه با 1/0 میلیلیتر آب مقطر (شاهد حامل) یا 1/0 میلیلیتر آب مقطر حاوی پروبیوتیک مورد تزریق قرار گرفتند. همچنین 72 عدد تخم مرغ دست نخورده نیز به عنوان گروه شاهد تزریق نشده، در آزمایش گنجانده شد. برای بررسیهای بیشتر، جوجههای خارج شده از تخممرغهای شاهد دست نخورده و تخم مرغهای دریافتکننده پروبیوتیک همراه با تعداد 465 قطعه جوجه از همان خواب ستر و گله مادر، طی یک آزمایش پن-بستر 42 روزه مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. جوجهها در دو سالن با شرایط محیطی کنترل شده مستقر شدند. هر یک از سالنها دارای 30 عدد پن بودند که این پنها به طور تصادفی به 6 گروه تیماری زیر اختصاص یافتند: جوجههای عادی دریافتکننده جیره استاندارد با پروبیوتیک (گروه 1) یا بدون آن (گروه 2)، جوجههای عادی دریافت کننده جیره 5 درصد رقیق شده، با پروبیوتیک (گروه 3) یا بدون آن (گروه 4) و جوجههای دریافتکننده پروبیوتیک به روش تزریق درونتخم مرغی و تغذیه شده با جیره استاندارد (گروه 5) یا با جیره 5 درصد رقیق شده (گروه 6). کلیه پرندههای یکی از سالنها در سن 28 روزگی با دز پاتوژنیک از واکسن زنده (تخفیف حدت یافته) آیمریاتلقیح شدند. وزن تفریخ و وزن کیسه زرده جوجههایی که پروبیوتیک را به روش درونتخم مرغی دریافت کرده بودند، در مقایسه با جوجههای شاهد کاهش یافته بود (05/0>P)؛ با این وجود، گروه یاد شده دارای بیشترین مقدار افزایش وزن بدن در 10 روز نخست پساتفریخ بود؛ هر چند این بهبود در سنین بالاتر مشاهده نشد. گروههای دریافتکننده جیره استاندارد در مقایسه با گروههای دریافت کننده جیره 5 درصد رقیق شده، عملکرد رشد بهتری داشتند. چالش آیمریا اثرات منفی معنیداری بر صفات عملکردی، ریختشناسی روده و متغیرهای خونشناختی داشت. روی هم رفته، PAR و DND اثرات زیانبار ناشی از عفونت آیمریا بر عملکرد تولیدی و سلامت جوجههای گوشتی را کاهش ندادند. Manuscript profile -
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262 - گیاهان دارویی و مکملهای آنها: روشی نوین در تغذیه جانوران
ن. بهاتدام­های اهلی یکی از مؤلفه­های اساسی در بخش کشاورزی بوده و تأثیر مهمی بر اقتصاد ملی دارند. یکی از عوامل اقتصادی برای تقویت تولید، جلوگیری و درمان بیماری­ها در جانوران است که در عین حال چالشی بزرگ بر سر راه متخصصین تغذیه دام نیز محسوب می­گردد. برای به دست Moreدام­های اهلی یکی از مؤلفه­های اساسی در بخش کشاورزی بوده و تأثیر مهمی بر اقتصاد ملی دارند. یکی از عوامل اقتصادی برای تقویت تولید، جلوگیری و درمان بیماری­ها در جانوران است که در عین حال چالشی بزرگ بر سر راه متخصصین تغذیه دام نیز محسوب می­گردد. برای به دست آوردن تولیدات حیوانی سالم باید حیوانات مزرعه­ای نیز سالم نگهداری شوند. استفاده از ترکیبات طبیعی نظیر گیاهان دارویی، عصاره­های آنها و سایر فرآورده­های گیاهی جهت تقویت سلامت حیوانات و کسب رضایت­مندی مصرف کنندگان، در مقایسه با ترکیبات شیمیایی ارجحیت دارند. علاوه بر این افزودنی­های خوراکی گیاهان دارویی می­توانند به عنوان دارو (گیاهان دارویی خام خشک شده که کاملاً خرد و ریز شده­اند)، عصارههای گیاهی و جدایه­های دارویی (نظیر روغن­های ضروری) مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. داروهای گیاهی شامل گیاه کامل یا شکل بریده و خشک شده بخش­هایی از یک گیاه، جلبک، قارچ یا گلسنگ بوده که برای خصوصیات درمانی­اش مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. گیاهان دارویی سبب ایجاد یا تقویت طعم­هایی در خوراک حیوانات می­شوند و بنابراین میتوانند بر الگوهای خوردن، ترشح مایعات گوارشی و مصرف کل خوراک تأثیر بگذارند. نقطه اصلی فعالیت نیز دستگاه گوارش حیوان است. به دلیل وجود انواع مختلفی از ترکیبات فعال، گیاهان دارویی و ادویه­جات مختلف، تأثیرات متفاوتی بر فرآیند هضم دارند. گیاهان دارویی، ادویه­جات و مخلوط­های آنها اغلب به عنوان مواد ضد التهابی شناخته شده و نقش آنتی اکسیدانی نیز ایفا می­کنند. چندین آزمایش برون­تنی نشان داده­اند که عصاره­های گیاهی معین فعالیت آنتی میکروبی قوی بر علیه باکتری­های گرم منفی و گرم مثبت دارند. گیاهان دارویی و فرآورده­های آنها تأثیر مثبتی بر مصرف خوراک، رشد و تولید گوشت، شیر و تخم مرغ دارند. علاوه بر این منجر به تقویت کیفیت و پایداری محصولات حیوانی نیز می­شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - The Effect of Restricted Nutrition on Ewe Milking Performance and Lamb Growth Characteristics in Creep Feeding Conditions
M. Yıldırır H.I. Akbağ İ.Y. Yurtman -
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264 - تعیین ارزش غذایی انواع سویا با استفاده از روشهای آزمایشگاهی (in vitro) و تکنیکهای تولید گاز
ت. آیسان م. بوگا م. بایلان اس. ارگول اچ. کوتای اس. نعیم سابر سی. میزرک پی. کوبوکسواین مطالعه با هدف تعیین ارزش غذایی انواع سویا با استفاده از روشهای آزمایشگاهی (in vitro) و روش تولید گاز انجام شد. تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی و تولید گاز سینتیک انواع سویا در زمانهای انکوباسیون 0 ، 3 ، 6 ، 12 ، 24 ، 48 ، 72 و 96 ساعت تعیین شد. این مطالعه نشان داد که ا Moreاین مطالعه با هدف تعیین ارزش غذایی انواع سویا با استفاده از روشهای آزمایشگاهی (in vitro) و روش تولید گاز انجام شد. تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی و تولید گاز سینتیک انواع سویا در زمانهای انکوباسیون 0 ، 3 ، 6 ، 12 ، 24 ، 48 ، 72 و 96 ساعت تعیین شد. این مطالعه نشان داد که از نظر ترکیب شیمیایی و میزان تولید گاز در بین پنج نوع مختلف سویا تغییراتی وجود دارد. مقدار پروتئین خام (CP) واریته سویا از 02/34 تا 13/37 درصد متغیر بود. میزان خاکستر دانههای سویا از 42/5 تا 59/5 درصد به دست آمد. الیاف محلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) و الیاف محلول در شوینده اسید (ADF) به ترتیب از 4/16 تا 0/25 و 0/13 تا 60/21 درصد بود. عصاره اتری (EE) از 72/18 تا 00/21 درصد بود. نرخ تولید گاز (c) از 110/0 تا 150/0 درصد بود. بالاترین میزان تولید گاز در انواع سویا در ارقام Adasoy و Nazlıcan مشاهده شد (05/0>P). میزان انرژی متابولیسمی (ME) و قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD) محتویات سویا از 053/7 تا 383/7 مگاژول/کیلوگرم در ماده خشک و 953/71 تا 320/75 درصد بود. براساس نتیجه این مطالعه، از انواع سویا می توان با موفقیت برای خوراک نشخوارکنندگان استفاده کرد. تفاوتهای قابل توجهی درCP ، NDF و ADF بین انواع مختلف سویا وجود دارد. گونههای Türksoy و Nazlıcan به دلیل داشتن پروتئین و قابلیت هضم بالاتر، برای استفاده در جیره توصیه می شوند. Manuscript profile -
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265 - اثر جیرههای پیش از بلوغ بر عملکرد تولیدمثلی، غلظت هورمونها و تولید شیر در برهمیشهای کردی
ص. منتیان ح.ر. میرزایی الموتی ف. فتاح نیا ر. معصومیبه منظور بررسی تأثیر جیره پیش از بلوغ روی عملکرد تولید­مثلی، غلظت هورمون­ها و تولید شیر در بره میش­های کردی، چهل رأس بره میش کردی سالم (میانگین سن=6/8±30 روز، میانگین وزن بدن= 4/3±2/10 کیلوگرم) در دوره قبل از شیرگیری به صورت تصادفی به یکی از دو Moreبه منظور بررسی تأثیر جیره پیش از بلوغ روی عملکرد تولید­مثلی، غلظت هورمون­ها و تولید شیر در بره میش­های کردی، چهل رأس بره میش کردی سالم (میانگین سن=6/8±30 روز، میانگین وزن بدن= 4/3±2/10 کیلوگرم) در دوره قبل از شیرگیری به صورت تصادفی به یکی از دو جیره آزمایشی: جیره با کیفیت بالا (HQD، 50/2 مگاکالری انرژی متابولیسمی در کیلوگرم ماده خشک و 148 گرم پروتئین خام در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) یا جیره با کیفیت پایین (LQD، 02/2 مگاکالری انرژی متابولیسمی در کیلوگرم ماده خشک و 87 گرم پروتئین خام در کیلوگرم از ماده خشک) اختصاص داده شدند. در زمان شیرگیری، نیمی از بره­های هر گروه به صورت تصادفی به HQD یا LQD اختصاص یافتند. بنابراین در دوره پس از شیرگیری چهار تیمار وجود داشت: H-H (HQD پیش و پس از شیرگیری)، H-L (HQD پیش از شیرگیری و LQD پس از شیرگیری)، L-H (LQD پیش از شیرگیری و HQD پس از شیرگیری) و L-L (LQD پیش و پس از شیرگیری، گروه کنترل). ماده خشک (DM) مصرفی به صورت هفتگی اندازه­گیری شد. وزن بدن (BW) و میانگین افزایش وزن روزانه (ADG) هر دو هفته یک بار از سن 30 تا 210 روزگی اندازه­گیری شد. غلظت­های سرمی انسولین، لپتین و پروژسترون به روش رادیو-ایمونو-اسی اندازه­گیری شد. در طول دوره پیش از شیرگیری جیره HQD در مقایسه با LQD ماده خشک مصرفی (DMI) را افزایش داد (01/0>P). نتایج نشان داد که وزن اولیه بین گروه­های آزمایشی مشابه بود (05/0<P). در پس از شیرگیری، بره­های تیمار H-H، ماده خشک ، انرژی متابولیسمی و پروتئین خام مصرفی بیشتری نسبت به سایر تیمارها داشتند (05/0>P). غلظت سرمی پروژسترون در بره­های تیمار H-H در پس از شیرگیری نسبت به سایر گروه­ها بیشتر بود (05/0>P). غلظت سرمی انسولین در هر دو دوره به وسیله کیفیت جیره تحت تأثیر قرار گرفت (05/0>P). غلظت لپتین به وسیله تیمارها تحت تأثیر قرار گرفت و بره­های گروه L-H غلظت لپتین بیشتری داشتند (05/0>P). سن در زمان بلوغ به وسیله تیمارها تحت تأثیر قرار گرفت (05/0>P). به علاوه بره­ میش­های تیمارهای H-H و L-H در سن پایین­تر و وزن بالاتری به بلوغ رسیدند. جیره­های پیش از بلوغ، میزان تولید شیر در نخستین دوره شیردهی را تحت تأثیر قرار دادند (05/0>P). در مجموع چنین نتیجه­گیری می­شود که جیره­های پیش از بلوغ نقش مهمی در ترشح پروژسترون، انسولین و لپتین دارند، که منجر به بلوغ جنسی می­شوند. و همچنین این برنامه­های استراتژیک با تسریع شروع بلوغ بره ­میش­ها در پرورش گوسفند، باعث بهبود بازده اقتصادی می­گردد. Manuscript profile -
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266 - Nutritive Value Evaluation of Processed Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Residues with some Chemicals Based on in vitro, in situ and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Techniques
F. Ghanbari T. Ghoorchi J. Bayat Kouhsar M. Samiee Zafarghandi -
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267 - Effect of Amylolytic and Cellulolytic Enzymes on Whole Plant Corn Silage: Characteristics of Silage and Animal Digestion
J.R. Gandra A.T. Nunes E.R. Oliveira M.S.J. Silva C.A. Pedrini F.S. Machado E.R.S. Gandra P.V.C. Mendes A.G.S. Pause -
Open Access Article
268 - اثر پرتوتابی گاما، الکترون و مادون قرمز بر ارزش غذایی و عوامل ضد تغذیهای دانه سورگوم
M. Rousta A.A. Sadeghi P. Shawrang M. Aimn Afshar M. Chamaniمطالعه حاضر اثرات پرتوتابی بر کیفیت غذایی و عوامل ضد تغذیهای دانه سورگوم را مورد بررسی قرار میدهد. اثر پرتوتابی الکترون و گاما در سطوح 10، 20 و 30 کیلوگری و همچنین پرتوتابی مادون قرمز در مدت زمان 60، 90 و 120 ثانیه بر ترکیبات شیمیایی، میزان و قابلیت دسترسی مواد معدنی، Moreمطالعه حاضر اثرات پرتوتابی بر کیفیت غذایی و عوامل ضد تغذیهای دانه سورگوم را مورد بررسی قرار میدهد. اثر پرتوتابی الکترون و گاما در سطوح 10، 20 و 30 کیلوگری و همچنین پرتوتابی مادون قرمز در مدت زمان 60، 90 و 120 ثانیه بر ترکیبات شیمیایی، میزان و قابلیت دسترسی مواد معدنی، قابلیت هضم آزمایشگاهی نشاسته و پروتئین، مقدار کل ترکیبات فنولی، فیتات و تانن دانه سورگوم بررسی شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که ترکیبات شیمیایی دانه سورگوم تحت تأثیر پرتوتابی تغییری نخواهد کرد (05/0P>). پرتوتابی گاما، الکترون و مادون قرمز موجب افزایش قابلیت هضم نشاسته به ترتیب به میزان 8/3، 4/5 و 8/6 درصد شد. پرتوتابی مادون قرمز موجب کاهش قابلیت هضم پروتئین به میزان 23 درصد شد، در حالیکه پرتوتابی گاما و الکترون موجب افزایش قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام دانه سورگوم به ترتیب به میزان 6/6 و 5 درصد شد (05/0P>). میزان اسید فایتیک و تانن به طور معنیداری به وسیله پرتوتابی کاهش یافت در حالیکه میزان کل ترکیبات فنولی در مقایسه با نمونه شاهد افزایش پیدا کرد. نتایج نشان داد که میزان و قابلیت دسترسی مواد معدنی دانه سورگوم تغییر معنیداری نکرد به استثناء افزایش معنیدار در قابلیت استخراج کلسیم، فسفر، روی و آهن. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Review on Properties of Selenium in Animal Nutrition
ش. قادرزاده ف. میرزایی آقجه قشلاق س. نیک بین ب. نوید شاد -
Open Access Article
270 - تاثیر محدودیت غذایی دوره آبستنی بر غلظت هورمون رشد شبه-انسولین و هورمون انسولین در بر ههای شیرخوار
ع. کیانیدر این مطالعه اثرات محدودیت تغذیه در دوره آخر آبستنی میش بر غلظت پلاسمایی هورمون رشد شبه-انسولین، لپتین، انسولین و گلوکز در برههای شیرخوار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. میشهای آبستن دو قلو در طی شش هفته آخر آبستنی یا به صورت 60 درصد نیاز (گروه محدود) و یا به صورت 100 در Moreدر این مطالعه اثرات محدودیت تغذیه در دوره آخر آبستنی میش بر غلظت پلاسمایی هورمون رشد شبه-انسولین، لپتین، انسولین و گلوکز در برههای شیرخوار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. میشهای آبستن دو قلو در طی شش هفته آخر آبستنی یا به صورت 60 درصد نیاز (گروه محدود) و یا به صورت 100 درصد نیاز براساس NRC (گروه کنترل) تغذیه شدند. بعد از زایمان همه میشها به صورت اختیاری تغذیه شدند. برههای شیرخوار در روز تولد و روزهای 7، 17 و 35 بعد از تولد خونگیری شدند. متوسط افزایش روزانه در دوره شیرخوارگی برههای متولد شده از گروه محدود به طرز معنیداری کمتر از گروه کنترل بود (19±216 در مقابل 21±292 گرم در روز). در روز تولد، برههای هر دو گروه هایپوگلایسمیک (2/0±5/2 میلیمول در لیتر) بودند و دارای کمترین سطح لپتین (08/0±6/0 میلیمول در لیتر) نسبت به سایر زمانهای خونگیری بودند. در روز هفتم سطح گلوکز به (2/0±9/5 میلیمول در لیتر) و سطح لپتین به (08/0±5/1 میلیمول در لیتر) افزایش یافت. محدودیت غذایی دوره آخر آبستنی سبب کاهش سطح گلوکز در گروه محدود (2/0±1/3 میلیمول در لیتر) نسبت به گروه کنترل (3/0±1/2 میلیمول در لیتر) در روز تولد شد. گروه محدود در مقایسه با گروه کنترل از سطح پایینتری از انسولین در پلاسما و نسبت بالاتری از گلوکز / انسولین برخوردار بودند. هرچند غلظت هورمون رشد شبه-انسولین در روز تولد تحت تاثیر محدودیت غذایی آخر آبستنی قرار نگرفت، ولی در طی دوره شیرخوارگی برههای گروه محدود سطح پایینتری از هورمون رشد شبه-انسولین را نشان دادند. به عنوان نتیجهگیری محدودیت غذایی آخر آبستنی سبب کاهش سطح پلاسمایی هورمون انسولین و هورمون رشد شبه-انسولین و همچنین تغییر نسبت گلوکز به انسولین در برههای شیرخوار شد. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که گلوکز پلاسما در مقایسه با سطح پلاسمایی انسولین از رابطه قویتری با لپتین در برههای شیرخوار برخوردار است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - اثرات اسید سیتریک روی عملکرد رشد و ابقای ازت جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی دو سطح فسفر غیر فیتاته و سبوس برنج
K.P. Wickramasinghe N.S.B.M. Atapattu R.T. Seresinheگزارش شده که اسید سیتریک راندمان استفاده از فیتات باند شده جیرهای و پروتئین را افزایش میدهد. موضوع این مطالعه تعیین اثرات اسید سیتریک روی عملکرد رشد و ابقای موادمغذی جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی دو سطح فسفر غیر فیتاته و سبوس برنج بود. 144 قطعه جوجه گوشتی Moreگزارش شده که اسید سیتریک راندمان استفاده از فیتات باند شده جیرهای و پروتئین را افزایش میدهد. موضوع این مطالعه تعیین اثرات اسید سیتریک روی عملکرد رشد و ابقای موادمغذی جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی دو سطح فسفر غیر فیتاته و سبوس برنج بود. 144 قطعه جوجه گوشتی در 48 واحد آزمایشی، یکی از هشت جیره آزمایشی حاوی دو سطح سبوس برنج (20 یا 30 درصد)، اسید سیتریک (0 یا 2 درصد) و فسفر غیرفیتاته (25/0 یا 35/0 درصد) را به طور آزاد از روزهای 21 الی 42 در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی در قالب آزمون فاکتوریل 2 × 2 × 2 دریافت کردند. ابقای ازت، فسفر، مواد معدنی و ماده خشک با استفاده از یک آزمایش جمعآوری کل تعیین شد. مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن، ضریب تبدیل خوراک و اوزان پر، کبد، سنگدان و پانکراس به طور معنیداری توسط سطوح جیرهای سبوس برنج، اسید سیتریک یا سطوح فسفر غیرفیتاته تأثیر نپذیرفت (05/0P>). ابقای ازت، فسفر و ماده خشک توسط سطوح سبوس برنج، اسید سیتریک، فسفر غیرفیتاته یا اثرات متقابل آنها تأثیر نپذیرفت (05/0P>). اسید سیتریک در سطح 2 درصدی ابقای مواد معدنی سبوس برنج در سطح 30 درصدی را در مقایسه با سطح 20 درصدی بهبود داد (05/0P>). محتوای خاکستر استخوان درشتنی بالاتری وقتی جیرها دارای 2 درصد اسید سیتریک و 35/0 درصد از فسفر غیرفیتاته بود، مشاهده شد (05/0P>). نتیجه اینکه، 30 درصد سبوس برنج اثرات سویی روی عملکرد رشدی جوجههای گوشتی از روز 21 الی 42 نداشت. اسید سیتریک در سطح 2 درصدی اثرت سودمندی در سطوح جیرهای سبوس برنج در سطح 20 یا 30 درصد یا سطوح فسفر غیرفیتاته 2/0 یا 35/0 درصد ایجاد نکرد. Manuscript profile -
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272 - اثرات اکسترود کردن و فراوریهای حرارتی سنتی بر سطوح عوامل ضد تغذیهای و قابلیت هضم دانه گاودانه در جوجههای گوشتی
S. Golchin-Gelehdooni P. Shawrang A. Nikkhah A.A. Sadeghi A. Teimouri-Yansariدر این مطالعه مقایسه اثرات اکستروژن و فراوریهای حرارتی سنتی (پختن در آب جوش و اتوکلاو) بر عوامل ضد تغذیهای و قابلیت هضم دانه گاودانه در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. تیمارها دارای اثرات معنیداری بر ترکیبات شیمیایی بودند به گونهای که سبب کاهش رطوبت، نشاسته، پروتئین خام، چ Moreدر این مطالعه مقایسه اثرات اکستروژن و فراوریهای حرارتی سنتی (پختن در آب جوش و اتوکلاو) بر عوامل ضد تغذیهای و قابلیت هضم دانه گاودانه در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. تیمارها دارای اثرات معنیداری بر ترکیبات شیمیایی بودند به گونهای که سبب کاهش رطوبت، نشاسته، پروتئین خام، چربی و فیبر خام شدند (05/0P<). فراوری دانهها سبب کاهش معنیدار ترکیبات فنلی، کاناوانین و ممانعت کننده تریپسین شد. فراوری سبب بهبود قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، پروتئین خام و نشاسته شد. نتایج نشان دادند که اکسترود کردن مؤثرترین روش برای کاهش ترکیبات ضد تغذیهای بدون تغییر دادن محتوای پروتئین بود. به علاوه، این روش فراوری مؤثرترین روش برای بهبود قابلیت هضم پروتئین و نشاسته بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - کنجاله گردو به عنوان یک ماده خوراکی غنی از انرژی و پروتئین در تغذیه بلدرچینهای در حال رشد
م.ع. ارجمندی م. سالارمعینیاین آزمایش به منظور تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی و انرژی قابل سوخت­و­ساز ظاهری و حقیقی کنجاله گردو و بررسی اثر استفاده از سطوح مختلف آن (0، 10، 20 و 30 درصد جیره) بر عملکرد رشد، فراسنجه‎های خونی، وزن نسبی اندام‎های داخلی، میزان مالون‎دی آلدهاید در ماهیچه سینه Moreاین آزمایش به منظور تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی و انرژی قابل سوخت­و­ساز ظاهری و حقیقی کنجاله گردو و بررسی اثر استفاده از سطوح مختلف آن (0، 10، 20 و 30 درصد جیره) بر عملکرد رشد، فراسنجه‎های خونی، وزن نسبی اندام‎های داخلی، میزان مالون‎دی آلدهاید در ماهیچه سینه و محتوای کلسترول تخم بلدرچین ژاپنی انجام گردید. این آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با استفاده از 288 قطعه بلدرچین ژاپنی یکروزه انجام شد که به طور تصادفی در بین 4 تیمار تقسیم شدند. به هر تیمار 4 تکرار با 18 پرنده اختصاص داده شد. در این آزمایش اختلاف معنی‎داری در ارتباط با مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). اما پرندگانی که از جیره حاوی 30 درصد کنجاله گردو تغذیه کرده بودند در بازه زمانی 7-21 روزگی از وزن کمتری نسبت به گروه شاهد برخوردار بودند (05/0P<). اختلاف معنی‎داری در میزان گلوکز، اسید اوریک، آسپارتات‎آمینو‎ترانسفراز و آلانین‎آمینو‎ترانسفراز سرم مشاهده نگردید. مقدار لیپوپروتئین‎های با دانسیته پایین و تری‎گلیسرید سرم با افزایش سطح کنجاله گردو به طور خطی کاهش نشان داد (01/0P<). مقدار لیپوپروتئین‎های با دانسیته بالای سرم در پرندگانی که از جیره حاوی 10 درصد کنجاله تغذیه کرده بودند از گروه شاهد کمتر بود (05/0P<). مصرف سطوح مختلف کنجاله گردو به طور معنی‎داری سطح مالون‎دی‎آلدهاید ماهیچه سینه را در سن 42 روزگی کاهش داد (01/0P<). مصرف سطوح مختلف این کنجاله تأثیر قابل توجهی بر وزن نسبی اندام‎های داخلی و خصوصیات لاشه نداشت. به طور کلی، کنجاله گردو منبع خوبی از انرژی (kcal/kg 3689AMEn=)، روغن (23 درصد) و پروتئین خام (40 درصد) بوده و تا سطح 20 درصد برای پرندگان جوان و تا سطح 30 درصد برای پرندگان مسن‎تر قابل استفاده می‎باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Physiological response of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to application of chitosan and magnesium-nano fertilizers under irrigation cut-off in a sustainable agriculture system
Jaber Khordadi Varamin Farzad Fanoodi Jafar Masuod Sinaki Shahram Rezvan Ali Damavandi -
Open Access Article
275 - Hormonal priming to overcome drought stress and aging damage in groundnut seed (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Hossein Reza Rouhi Ali Sepehri -
Open Access Article
276 - Nutritional responses of Thymus exposed leaf spraying under soil nitrogen deficiency
Zeinab Asle Mohammadi Nayer Mohammadkhani Moslem Servati -
Open Access Article
277 - Efficiency of selenium and salicylic acid protection against salinity in soybean
Narges Oraghi Ardebili Alireza Iranbakhsh Zahra Oraghi Ardebili -
Open Access Article
278 - Foliar Application of Iron and Zinc on Quinoa under Drought Stress Affects Its Seeds Germination and Biochemical Properties
Nasim Pakbaz Heshmat Omidi Hassan Ali Naghdi Badi Amir Bostani -
Open Access Article
279 - Effect of foliar application of Cycocel and some micronutrients on activity of antioxidant enzymes of Triticum aestivum under drought stress
Saeed Akbarimehr Saeed Sayfzadeh Nasser Shahsavari Seyed Alireza Valadabadi Esmaeil Hadidi Masouleh -
Open Access Article
280 - The modification in quality of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) by selenium and amino acids .
Zahra Oraghi Ardebili Mohammad Moradi -
Open Access Article
281 - The examination of chemical compound of Meat Poultry litter Farms of Soushtar
Mohamad Sadegh MalekpoorThe examination of chemical compound of Meat Poultry litter Farms of Soushtar M.S. Malekpoor , A. Bagherpour In order to examination of chemical compound in broiler Chiken;s litter and their utilization animal nutrition. All of the Samples were provided from 5 chicken MoreThe examination of chemical compound of Meat Poultry litter Farms of Soushtar M.S. Malekpoor , A. Bagherpour In order to examination of chemical compound in broiler Chiken;s litter and their utilization animal nutrition. All of the Samples were provided from 5 chicken farms. The Samples Were be in 2 ages such as 32 and 42 days. They were given in randomly homogeneity, then, they dried under the Sun, and mixed goodly. They were send to animal food labratoar. They were analysed with automatic instruments for 5 factors includes: % DM, % CP, % ash, Ca , P and Salt. We entered dates in to the Computer and analysed them with SAS vor.13 for means and Standard errors. Data were compared with other same Studies and NRC tables. They show us, They ewe very good fitness with other researcher data and NRC tables, but for 42 age samples. They aren’t fit in cp and salt. It seems like for weather Condition and high water intake and remove of minerals, and %40 of cp includes Non soluble Nitrogen. At last, we recommend to use of 32 age chicken litters for ruminants ration especially, beef cattle and sheep. It will be better to other. They also work on same studies in different season in same area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Nutrition geography a modern approach in eastern Guilan tourism
Akbar motamedimehr hossein mesdaghiIntroduction Tourism is among phenomena being transformed considerably with time as with many other sciences. Eastern Guilan geographic area receipts many tourists during different season of the year. In addition to natural attractions, various aspects of cultur MoreIntroduction Tourism is among phenomena being transformed considerably with time as with many other sciences. Eastern Guilan geographic area receipts many tourists during different season of the year. In addition to natural attractions, various aspects of cultural attractions in the area could be mentioned such as: traditional customs, local markets and specifically its nutritional culture. On one hand, nutritional habits in a society meet physiological requirements of the body; on the other hand, it's a cultural behavior. It may be logical if saying that foods recipe and processing methods is a way to transform regional nature to the culture of same place. Nutritional culture in eastern Guilan is in such a way that many play an influential role to attract more and more tourists, thus to development of the area. Research Methodology In present study, qualitative research technique was used. So that , questionnaires items were prepared initially by interviewing to clear-sighted figures and cultural honors, as well through field observations. Then using margin technique, sample population volume was defined up to 384. Next, questionnaires were completed randomly in tourism sites of Astane-Ashrafieh, Siahkal, Lahidjan, Langeroud, Amlash and Roudsar related figures were extracted using excel software, finally to test the hypothesis, since statistic population had qualitative variables, questions were ranking depending on qualities and amount and spearman scoring correlation coefficient from following equation was calculated for them: Ps =1- Where, d2 : deviations square in the scores, N: the number of question in static population nutritional geography in present study was considered as independent variable and tourism expansion and restoring the traditions and culture was considered as dependent variable in this study. Results Tourism will familiarize the person to geographic areas of other persons and cultures. It can be stated that culture is as a major attraction in tourism. Cultural differences between visitors and destination territory will double nutritional services attraction. Specifically if the food is served in a circumstance consistent to destination culture (decoration, light, music, etc). Nutritional geography in eastern Guilan has 5 unique characteristics: 1. Presence and wide variety of foods with vegetable origin. 2. Providing variants foods which in lowest time will be cooked and ready to meal. 3. Pharmaceutical properly in some of foods used in the area, 4. Eating food with opposing natures to prevent disease, 5. Geographic area elements such as local markets, regional nature, seasonal changes. Etc are important to select and cooking the foods in eastern Guilan. Local foods in eastern Guilan can be classified to three major groups: vegetative foods, meat foods and sea foods. Conclusion High percentage of tourists replied to the questions on local foods and its relationship to repeated journey, their motivation to trap, having pleasuring memory from eating local food in a suitable and reminiscent space along with specific hospitality of Guilan people with high percentage, it may be noted that local foods, due to being unique and providing from regional specific materials, show off and to survive versus non-local food patterns. It is considered as most prominent characteristic among tourists, nutritional geography is considered as independent variable and tourism development, tradition and culture restoring are considered as dependent variables in present study. Spearman scoring correlation coefficient was calculated equal to 0.917857 using excel according to question scoring, which represents direct and almost complete correlation between independent variable (nutritional geography)And dependent variables (tourism development) and traditions and nutritional culture restoration). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - یک محیط کشت غذایی موثر برای جوانهزنی غیرهمزیست بذر و نمو درون شیشهای گیاهچههای بذری فالانوپسیس 'Bahia Blanca'
سیده مهرناز عباس زاده سید مهدی میری روح انگیز نادریاین مطالعه به منظور ایجاد یک روش سریع و موفق برای بهبود جوانه زنی غیرهمزیست بذر و رشد و نمو پروتوکورم های شبه بدنی (PLBs) و گیاهچه های ارکیده فالانوپسیس (Phalaenopsis) انجام شد و تاثیر چهار محیط کشت پایه موراشیگ و اسکوگ (MS)، ½MS، نادسون سی (KC) و واسین و ونت (VW Moreاین مطالعه به منظور ایجاد یک روش سریع و موفق برای بهبود جوانه زنی غیرهمزیست بذر و رشد و نمو پروتوکورم های شبه بدنی (PLBs) و گیاهچه های ارکیده فالانوپسیس (Phalaenopsis) انجام شد و تاثیر چهار محیط کشت پایه موراشیگ و اسکوگ (MS)، ½MS، نادسون سی (KC) و واسین و ونت (VW) حاوی شیر نارگیل و پپتون برای تکثیر در مقیاس زیاد بواسطه جوانه زنی غیرهمزیست بذر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جوانه زنی بذر، تعداد برگ، تعداد ریشه، طول ریشه، طول گیاهچه و وزن تر و خشک اندازه گیری شد. گیاهچه های خوب ریشه دار شده 4 سانتیمتری در سینی های حاوی رس : ذغال : کوکوپیت : پرلیت (4: 2: 1: 1) یا خزه اسفاگنوم کشت و به گلخانه منتقل شدند. فراوانی جوانه زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه ها در محیط کشت های MS و ½MS حاوی ترکیبات آلی به طور معنی داری بیشتر بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین درصد جوانه زنی بذر در محیط کشت MS حاوی 100 میلی گرم در لیتر شیر نارگیل یا 1 گرم در لیتر پپتون و ½MS حاوی 1 یا 2 گرم در لیتر پپتون به دست آمد. با این حال، طویل ترین دانهال در MS و یا ½MS همراه با 100 میلی گرم در لیتر شیر نارگیل و یا MS حاوی 1 گرم در لیتر پپتون مشاهده شد. 97 درصد از گیاهچه ها پس از 1 ماه در بستر کشت رس : ذغال : کوکوپیت : پرلیت زنده ماندند. Manuscript profile -
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284 - اثر محیط کشت های مختلف بر برخی از رشد، گل دهی و پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی دو رقم گلایول (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) تحت شرایط کشت بدون حاک
علی جبار علی تهرانی فر محمود شور سید حسین نعمتیاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی تاثیر کوکوپیت و پرلیت با سه نسبت (1:1 3:1 1:3 v/v ) در برخی از پارامترهای رویشی، گلدهی و بیوشیمیایی دو رقم گلادیول در شرایط بدون خاک در سال 2016 انجام شده است. داده ها حاکی از آن است که بیشتر پارامترهای رویشی عبارتند از: ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد برگ Moreاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی تاثیر کوکوپیت و پرلیت با سه نسبت (1:1 3:1 1:3 v/v ) در برخی از پارامترهای رویشی، گلدهی و بیوشیمیایی دو رقم گلادیول در شرایط بدون خاک در سال 2016 انجام شده است. داده ها حاکی از آن است که بیشتر پارامترهای رویشی عبارتند از: ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد برگ و سطح برگ، پارامتر گلدهی مانند ظهورشاخه، قطر شاخه، طول شاخه و تعداد گل گل در شاخه و پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی مانند کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، قندهای محلول و جذب مغذی ( N، P و K ٪ در برگ ها) به طور معنی داری در ارقام، محیط کشت های و اثر متقابل آن ها تحت تاثیر قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بین اثرات متقابل ارقام و محیط کشت های در ارتفاع گیاه و وزن خشک گل که در رقم strong ومحیط کشت کوکوپیت و پرلیت با نسبت 1: 3 بالاتر از رقم white ومحیط کشت کوکوپیت و پرلیت با نسبت 3:1 به دست می آید . تمام پارامترهای مورد بررسی نشان دهنده افزایش قابل توجهی در محیط کشت کوکوپیت و پرلیت با نسبت 1: 3 در هر دو رقم بوده اند. Manuscript profile -
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285 - تغییر رشد و فیزیولوژی گیاه گل داوودی (Chrysanthemum morifolium ) در اثر بهکارگیری کودهای مختلف
Zahra Oraghi Ardebili Payam Sharifiبهمنظور ارزیابی و مقایسه پاسخ گیاه گل داوودی Chrysanthemum morifolium (یک گیاه زینتی مهم)، به کودهای مختلف معدنی، نانو کلاته و یا بیولوژیک، تحقیق حاضر در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. دانه رستها با سطوح مختلف ورمی کمپوست (0 و 40 درصد)، نانو کلات روی (0 و 1/0 درصد) و Moreبهمنظور ارزیابی و مقایسه پاسخ گیاه گل داوودی Chrysanthemum morifolium (یک گیاه زینتی مهم)، به کودهای مختلف معدنی، نانو کلاته و یا بیولوژیک، تحقیق حاضر در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. دانه رستها با سطوح مختلف ورمی کمپوست (0 و 40 درصد)، نانو کلات روی (0 و 1/0 درصد) و یا سولفات روی (0 و 2/0 درصد) تیمار شدند. تیمارهای نانو روی و سولفات روی به روش اسپری 3 بار بافاصله 2 هفته انجام شد. در مقایسه با شاهد، کودهای بکار گرفتهشده، به مقدار معنیداری نرخ رشد و تجمع زیست توده را افزایش دادند و مقادیر بالاتری از سطح برگی و وزنتر و وزن خشک (به ترتیب 41، 39 و 28 درصد) در نمونههای تیمار شده ثبت شد که در بین تیمارها، تیمار همزمان نانو روی و ورمی کمپوست مؤثرترین تیمار بود. بهکارگیری ترکیبی کودهای بیولوژیک و معدنی منجر به افزایش رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی (حدود 53 درصد) در گیاهان تیمار شده نسبت به شاهد شد. بهجز تیمار تنهای سولفات روی، بقیه تیمارها منجر به افزایش معنیدار میزان پرولین برگ (به طور متوسط 51 درصد) در مقایسه با نمونههای شاهد شد. به طور مشابهی، بهکارگیری همزمان ورمی کمپوست و نانوروی موجب افرایش محتوای پرولین ریشه حدود 82 درصد شد. بیشترین میزان فنول محلول برگ در گروه Nano Zn-V ثبت شد (3/3 برابر بیشتر از شاهد). بااینوجود، تغییرات فراوان در ریشه فقط در اثر ورمی کمپوست رخ داد (تقریبا 49 درصد). درنتیجه، بهکارگیری همزمان خاکی کودهای بیولوژیک مثل ورمی کمپوست به همراه بهکارگیری برگی کودهای نانو میتواند بهعنوان یک روش مناسب ازنظر زیستمحیطی برای تحریک نرخ رشد و متابولیسم گیاه باشد. Manuscript profile -
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286 - بررسی پاسخ دراسنا مارجیناتا و خصوصیات فیزیکی بستر رشد به سطوح مختلف زئولیت در جایگزینی با پیت
مریم مرعشی محسن احترامی راحله ابراهیمی علی محبوب خمامیبه دلیل محدودیت­های اقتصادی و زیست محیطی پیت ماس به­عنوان بستر کشت گیاهان زینتی، محققین به دنبال جایگزین مناسب این نهاده در صنعت گل و گیاه می­باشند. زئولیت به دلیل قدرت بالای جذب آب و همچنین خاصیت تبادل کاتیونی بالا، پتانسیل جایگزینی به جای پیت ماس، در بستر Moreبه دلیل محدودیت­های اقتصادی و زیست محیطی پیت ماس به­عنوان بستر کشت گیاهان زینتی، محققین به دنبال جایگزین مناسب این نهاده در صنعت گل و گیاه می­باشند. زئولیت به دلیل قدرت بالای جذب آب و همچنین خاصیت تبادل کاتیونی بالا، پتانسیل جایگزینی به جای پیت ماس، در بستر کشت گیاهان را دارد. به­منظور بررسی امکان جایگزینی زئولیت به جای پیت به عنوان بستر مناسب در پرورش گیاه زینتی دراسنا، زئولیت در شش سطح جایگزینی (0، 10، 20، 30، 40، 50 درصد حجمی) در بستر کشت شاهد (2پیت + 1پرلیت) در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با شش تیمار، در سه تکرار و سه گلدان در هر تیمار به اجرا در آمد. در بستر­های کشت، خصوصیات شیمیایی شامل هدایت الکتریکی، اسیدیته، درصد نیتروژن، کربن آلی، نسبت C/N، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم، منیزیم و خصوصیات فیزیکی شامل جرم مخصوص ظاهری، تخلخل کل و تهویه­ای و درصد رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی اندازه­گیری شدند. شاخص­های رشد شامل ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه، تعداد برگ، وزن تر و خشک برگ، ساقه و ریشه در گیاه دراسنا اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین میزان ارتفاع ساقه در تیمار 10 درصد زئولیت به دست آمد و در مقادیر 40 و 50 درصد، ارتفاع نسبت به شاهد تفاوت معنی­دار نداشت. وزن تر برگ در همه تیمارهای زئولیت به طور معنی­دار بیشتر از شاهد و در شاخص­های دیگر رشد، تیمار 10 درصد زئولیت سبب پاسخ بهتر گیاه شد. با افزایش مقادیر زئولیت در درصد­های بالا، میزان جرم مخصوص ظاهری افزایش یافت و میزان تخلخل با افزایش مقادیر زئولیت کاهش یافت. درصد تخلخل، هدایت الکتریکی، تخلخل تهویه­ای و درصد رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی بیشترین تأثیر را روی شاخص­های رشد در محدوده 10 تا 20 درصد نشان دادند. Manuscript profile -
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287 - بررسی صفات مورفولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاه همیشه بهار تحت تأثیر کودهای بیولوژیکی فسفر و روی
فرزاد جلالی داود نادریکاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک یکی از مهمترین اجزای مدیریت مواد مغذی است که نقش اساسی در کشاورزی پایدار و بهبود ویژگی­های کیفی گیاهان دارد. در این تحقیق، اثرات تیمارهای مختلفی از باکتری­های حل کننده فسفات از قبیل Pantoea agglomerans P5 و Pseudomonas putida P1 Moreکاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک یکی از مهمترین اجزای مدیریت مواد مغذی است که نقش اساسی در کشاورزی پایدار و بهبود ویژگی­های کیفی گیاهان دارد. در این تحقیق، اثرات تیمارهای مختلفی از باکتری­های حل کننده فسفات از قبیل Pantoea agglomerans P5 و Pseudomonas putida P13 (تلقیح بذر، استفاده از کود زیستی 2، 4 و 6 هفته پس از سبز شدن گیاه و عدم تلقیح بذر به عنوان تیمار شاهد) و محلول­پاشی برگی ZnSO4 (شاهد، 1، 2، و 3 گرم بر لیتر) بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه همیشه بهار ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه و وزن تر گل در گیاهان تحت تیمار تلقیح بذر با کود بیولوژیک فسفر × 2 گرم بر لیتر سولفات روی و همچنین در گیاهان تحت تیمار با کود زیستی در 2 هفته پس از سبز شدن × 1 و 2 گرم بر لیتر از ZnSO4 مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین وزن خشک گل و درصد آنتوسیانین تحت تیمار کاربرد کود زیستی در 2 و 4 هفته بعد از سبز شدن گیاه × 1 و 2 گرم بر لیتر از ZnSO4 بدست آمد. بیشترین مقدار فسفر در تیمار کود زیستی 4 و 6 هفته پس از سبز شدن × 2 و 1 گرم بر لیتر ZnSO4 مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این، بیشترین مقدار عنصر روی تحت شرایط کاربرد کود زیستی در 6 هفته پس از سبز شدن گیاه × محلول­پاشی 3 گرم بر لیتر ZnSO4به­دست آمد. در مقابل، کمترین مقادیر در اکثر پارامترها تحت کاربرد سطوح مختلف کاربرد زیستی × عدم محلول­پاشی ZnSO4 و محلول­­پاشی 3 گرم بر لیتر ZnSO4 مشاهده شد. بنابراین محلول­پاشی برگی ZnSO4 و کاربرد خاکی کودهای حل کننده فسفات می­تواند بر صفات بیوشیمیایی و مورفولوژیک گیاه همیشه بهار موثر باشد. Manuscript profile -
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288 - بررسی اثر غلظت پتاسیم محلول غذایی بر رشد و عمر پس از برداشت گل سوسن (Lilium spp.) درکشت هیدروپونیک
علی سحری مقدم شیرین سیدنصیرلیلیوم با نام علمی Lilium longiflorum یک گل پیازدار شاخه بریده است. در فرآیند تولید گل لیلیوم، کیفیت گل اهمیت ویژه­ای دارد که یکی از مهم­ترین عوامل موثر بر آن، تغذیه صحیح می­باشد. تغذیه متعادل و مطلوب در سیستم­های هیدروپونیک به راحتی امکان­پذیراست. د Moreلیلیوم با نام علمی Lilium longiflorum یک گل پیازدار شاخه بریده است. در فرآیند تولید گل لیلیوم، کیفیت گل اهمیت ویژه­ای دارد که یکی از مهم­ترین عوامل موثر بر آن، تغذیه صحیح می­باشد. تغذیه متعادل و مطلوب در سیستم­های هیدروپونیک به راحتی امکان­پذیراست. درمقابل، مدیریت نادرست محلول غذایی سبب کاهش چشمگیر رشد و نمو گیاهان و اختلال در تولید کمی و کیفی محصول می­شود. عناصر غذایی اغلب اثر متقابل داشته و تشخیص کمبود و یا سمیت عنصر و یا عناصر غذایی با مطالعات آزمایشی در شرایط کنترل­شده انجام می­گیرد. به­منظور مطالعه تأثیر غلظت­های مختلف پتاسیم بر رشد سوسن و عمر پس از برداشت آن، یک آزمایش هیدروپونیک در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با غلظت­های مختلف پتاسیم در سه سطح 0، 3 و 6 میلی­مولار در سه تکرار در بستر کاشت ثابت پرلیت 40% + ماسه 60% اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد که اغلب شاخص­های رشد گیاه به ویژه وزن خشک اندام هوایی با مصرف پتاسیم در محلول غذایی کاهش یافت، اما در غلظت 6 میلی­مول پتاسیم در محلول غذایی، عمر پس از برداشت گل افزایش معنی­دار نسبت به شاهد داشت. Manuscript profile -
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289 - اثر کاربرد سطوح مختلف کمپوست آزولا بر خصوصیات فیزیکی بستر کشت، رشد و تغذیه گیاه آهار (Zinnia elegans)
مریم مرعشی داود شفقتیان علی محبوب خمامیتجمع بیش از حد آزولا در تالاب های گیلان، در حال حاضر یک مشکل زیست محیطی است. به همین منظور ، مطالعه­ای برای بررسی تأثیر کمپوست آزولا بر روی محیط رشد گیاه زینتی آهار (Zinnia elegans) انجام شد. تیمار شاهد یک خاک لوم شنی بود که کمپوست آزولا در مقادیر 10 ، 20 ، 30 ، 40 Moreتجمع بیش از حد آزولا در تالاب های گیلان، در حال حاضر یک مشکل زیست محیطی است. به همین منظور ، مطالعه­ای برای بررسی تأثیر کمپوست آزولا بر روی محیط رشد گیاه زینتی آهار (Zinnia elegans) انجام شد. تیمار شاهد یک خاک لوم شنی بود که کمپوست آزولا در مقادیر 10 ، 20 ، 30 ، 40 و 50 درصد حجم جایگزین خاک شدند. این تحقیق بر اساس یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و سه عدد از هر گیاه با 54 گلدان انجام شد. خصوصیات شیمیایی بستر شامل هدایت الکتریکی، اسیدیته، مقدار نیتروژن و میزان فسفر و پتاسیم اندازه­گیری شد. شاخص­های رشد گیاه شامل وزن تر و خشک برگ، ساقه، ریشه و گل و مقدار کلروفیل برگ و غلظت عناصر غذایی نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در برگ­های گیاه آهار اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان رشد در تیمارهای 20 و 30 درصد کمپوست آزولا و کمترین میزان رشد در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. کمپوست آزولا باعث افزایش غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در برگ­ها شد که این نشان­دهنده افزایش کیفیت تغذیه گیاه است. مقادیر بیشتر کمپوست (40 و 50 درصد) باعث کاهش شاخص­های رشد گیاه در مقایسه با تیمارهای 20 و 30 درصد کمپوست شد، اما در تیمارهای مشابه، رشد گیاه به طور قابل توجهی بیشتر از شاهد بود. به­طورکلی می توان نتیجه گرفت که کمپوست آزولا می­تواند به­عنوان ماده آلی مناسبی در محیط کشت آهار مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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290 - تاثیر سایبان های توری رنگی بر تغذیه و رشد گیاه دیفن باخیا Dieffenbachia amoena رقم "استارلایت"
علی محبوب خمامی محمد نقی پاداشت مرضیه علی دوست طاهره رادفر رضا علی پوربرای کنترل نور خورشید در هوای آزاد و گلخانه ها در ایران، شبکه های سایه بان ضروری است. استفاده از توری های سایه بان می تواند دمای هوا را در منطقه تحت پوشش کاهش دهد. نشان داده شده است که انتخاب تورهای سایه با رنگ مناسب نقش مهمی در رشد گیاهان زینتی در شرایط مشابه دارد. به Moreبرای کنترل نور خورشید در هوای آزاد و گلخانه ها در ایران، شبکه های سایه بان ضروری است. استفاده از توری های سایه بان می تواند دمای هوا را در منطقه تحت پوشش کاهش دهد. نشان داده شده است که انتخاب تورهای سایه با رنگ مناسب نقش مهمی در رشد گیاهان زینتی در شرایط مشابه دارد. به منظور دستیابی به این هدف، آزمایشی برای بررسی تأثیر توری سایهدار در سایههای آبی، سفید و سبز (در سطح سایه 50 درصد) بر رشد گیاهان شاخ و برگ زینتی Dieffenbachia amoena انجام شد. طرح پایه آزمایش شامل بلوک های کامل تصادفی بود. در طول دوره رشد اقتصادی پنج ماهه در شرایط گلخانه، ارتفاع بوته، قطر و شاخص کلروفیل هر دو هفته یکبار اندازهگیری شد. در پایان رشد، وزن تر و خشک برگ، وزن تر و خشک ساقه، شاخص رشد گیاه و عناصر غذایی برگ اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که دیفنباخیا که در زیر شبکههای سایه آبی رشد میکند دارای ارتفاع، شاخص رشد، وزن خشک ریشه و آهن بالاتری نسبت به آنهایی است که در زیر شبکههای سایهدار سفید و سبز رشد میکنند. از آنجایی که اکثر گلخانه های ایرانی این گیاه زینتی را زیر توری های سایه سبز تولید می کنند و با توجه به اینکه این دو توری رنگی دارای قیمت های مشابهی هستند، توصیه می شود دیفن باخیا تحت شبکه های سایه آبی تولید شود. Manuscript profile -
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291 - ارزش غذایی برخی از گل های موجود در فضای سبز به عنوان منابع غذایی جدید
سمیرا نیک نژاد داود هاشم آبادی محمد صادق اللهیاریتامین منابع غذایی ایمن، طبیعی و ارزان برای جمعیت روزافزون جهان یکی از نیازهای جامعه امروزی است. گل-های خوراکی منابع طبیعی جدیدی در سبد غذایی بشر هستند. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر ارزش غذایی 5 نوع گل خوراکی شامل جعفری (Tagetes erecta L.)، گلایل ، یوکا (Yucca gloriosa)، Moreتامین منابع غذایی ایمن، طبیعی و ارزان برای جمعیت روزافزون جهان یکی از نیازهای جامعه امروزی است. گل-های خوراکی منابع طبیعی جدیدی در سبد غذایی بشر هستند. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر ارزش غذایی 5 نوع گل خوراکی شامل جعفری (Tagetes erecta L.)، گلایل ، یوکا (Yucca gloriosa)، داودی و ختمی درختی (Hibiscus syriacus) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که گل جعفری از بیشترین مقدار فلاونوئید کل (16.13 میلیگرم کاتچین در گرم وزنتر)، فنل کل (14.48 میلیگرم گالیک اسید در گرم وزنتر)، ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی ( 87.89 درصد بازدارندگیDPPH)، ویتامین ث (30.60 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) و پروتئین (56/1 درصد) برخوردار است. بیشترین کاروتنوئید (482.57 میکروگرم در گرم وزنتر)، آهن (2.54 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) و روی (0.27 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) برای گل یوکا ثبت شد. گل داودی بیشترین کلسیم (47.25 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) و منیزیم (2.60 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) و گل ختمی بیشترین آنتوسیانین (30.86 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) را داشت. همچنین در بین پنج گل موردمطالعه، کمترین مقدار فلاونوئید کل (11.17 میلیگرم کاتچین در گرم وزنتر)، آنتوسیانین (2.14 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر)، پروتئین (0.52 درصد)، آهن (0.36 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر)، کلسیم (9.11 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) و روی (0.14 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) متعلق به گلایل بود. گل داودی کمترین مقدار فنل کل (0.54 میلیگرم گالیک اسید در گرم وزنتر) و ویتامین ث (8.16 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر)، گل یوکا کمترین ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی ( 47.76درصد بازدارندگیDPPH) و گل ختمی کمترین مقدار کاروتنوئید (362.17 میکروگرم در گرم وزنتر) را بخود اختصاص دادند. بنابراین با توجه به وجود ترکیبات فنلی و آنتیاکسیدانی، عناصر معدنی و پروتئین در گلهای مورد بررسی میتوان جایگاهی را برای این منابع مغذی طبیعی در سبد غذایی خانوادهها در نظر گرفت. Manuscript profile -
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292 - بررسی رشد گل جعفری در روش های مختلف کوددهی با کودهای کامل با نسبتهای مختلف NPK
Mitradat Ahmadi Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand Raheleh Ebrahimi تغذیه یک رکن اساسی در رشد و پرورش گیاهان است. شیوه کوددهی و حاصلخیز نمودن خاک و بسترهای کشت، نقش مهمی در تولید کمی و کیفی محصولات زراعی و باغی دارد. این تحقیق با هدف تهیه چند فرمول کودی و چند روش کوددهی بر رشد گیاه محک (گل جعفری) طراحی و اجرا شد. چهار نوع فرمول کو More تغذیه یک رکن اساسی در رشد و پرورش گیاهان است. شیوه کوددهی و حاصلخیز نمودن خاک و بسترهای کشت، نقش مهمی در تولید کمی و کیفی محصولات زراعی و باغی دارد. این تحقیق با هدف تهیه چند فرمول کودی و چند روش کوددهی بر رشد گیاه محک (گل جعفری) طراحی و اجرا شد. چهار نوع فرمول کودی با نسبت­های مختلف N، P و K و مقادیر ثابت ریزمغذی­ها به­عنوان کودهای مایع کامل در آزمایشگاه علوم خاک مجتمع آزمایشگاهی شیخ بهایی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران تهیه شدند. در یک طرح کاملا تصادفی، اثر 13 تیمار مختلف کودی به همراه یک تیمار شاهد شامل استفاده از کودهای مختلف در زمان­های مختلف رشد رویشی و زایشی و هر تیمار در چهار تکرار بر رشد گل جعفری مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. شاخص­های رشد رویشی گیاه شامل ارتفاع نهایی گیاه، تعداد گل و شاخه­های جانبی، وزن تر و خشک ریشه، گل و اندام هوایی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج کلی نشان داد که روش­های مختلف کوددهی و فرمول­های متفاوت کودی بر رشد گیاه، اثر مثبت در مقایسه با شاهد داشت. تغییرات رشد گیاه در مقایسه با شاهد و در روش­ها و فرمول­های کودی معنی­دار بود. بهترین اثر بر رشد گیاه در تیمار شماره 6 دیده شد و این تیمار برای رشد گل جعفری توصیه می­شود. در این تیمار، در هفته چهارم از کاشت نشاء از فرمول اول شامل نسبت پایه نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم، 15-10-15 و در هفته­های پنجم و ششم از فرمول دوم شامل نسبت پایه نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم، 15-20-30، استفاده شد. Manuscript profile -
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293 - واکنش گل صدفی (Gypsophila paniculata) تحت تاثیر آمیزه ها و مقادیر مختلف کودهای غیرآلی
انریکه ای بیناس جی آر نوآ دی مارویا الن ال تنداسینگگل صدفی در گلکاری ارزش خاصی دارد و برای صادرات به چندین کشور مدنظر است. برای حفظ عملکرد گل صدفی در سطح مطلوب می­ بایست مدیریت تغذیه مطلوبی با کاربرد منابع تغذیه ­ای مطلوب در راستای گلدهی گیاهان زینتی گلدار، انجام شود. بنابراین این مطالعه برای دستیابی به رشد، عمل Moreگل صدفی در گلکاری ارزش خاصی دارد و برای صادرات به چندین کشور مدنظر است. برای حفظ عملکرد گل صدفی در سطح مطلوب می­ بایست مدیریت تغذیه مطلوبی با کاربرد منابع تغذیه ­ای مطلوب در راستای گلدهی گیاهان زینتی گلدار، انجام شود. بنابراین این مطالعه برای دستیابی به رشد، عملکرد و بازگشت سرمایه در گل صدفی با استفاده از آمیزه­ ها و مقادیر کودهای غیرآلی انجام شد. مساحت 100/8 مترمربع به 5 بلوک 4×4 متر برای اجرای آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح RCBD آماده شد. تیمارها به قرار زیر بودند: فاکتور A (آمیزه ­های کودی) شامل: C0: بدون آمیزه کودی؛ C1: عصاره گیاهی تخمیر شده به نسبت 2 درصد حجمی؛ C2: عصاره تخمیر شده میوه به نسبت 2 درصد حجمی و C3: فسفات کلسیم به نسبت 5 درصد حجمی. فاکتور B (کود غیرآلی) شامل: F0: بدون کود؛ F1: 60-60-90 (N-P2O5-K2O) در هکتار؛ F2: 30-30-45 (N-P2O5-K2O) در هکتار؛ F3: 15-15-25 (N-P2O5-K2O) در هکتار. آمیزه و مقدار کودی 15-15-25 از نظر ارتفاع بوته 28 روز بعد از کاشت برتری معنی ­داری داشت. فسفات کلسیم به نسبت 5 % حجمی و 15-15-25 (T15) بهترین ترکیب تیماری برای افزایش ارتفاع گل صدفی 28 روز پس از کاشت بودند، البته همه کودها نسبت به شاهد از نظر تولید پاجوش، گل و گل­ های بازارپسند به مدت 3 ماه شبیه شاهد بودند. بنابراین می­ توان گفت از نظر بازگشت سرمایه، بیلان منفی بود. Manuscript profile -
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294 - بررسی امکان تعدیل اثرات تنش خشکی خاک با پتاسیم در سطوح مختلف کوددهی پتاسه (مطالعه موردی: گل آهار)
مریم مرعشی بهاره یاراحمدییکی از موضوعات مهم در مدیریت پایدار کشاورزی، عملکرد مناسب محصول در شرایط تنش های محیطی است. طبعا در کشور خشک ایران، کمبود رطوبت یکی از چالشهای اصلی کشاورزی است. تغذیه مناسب گیاه میتواند اثرات تنش خشکی را تعدیل نماید. برای بررسی اثرات تنش خشکی بر عملکرد گیاه از آهار به Moreیکی از موضوعات مهم در مدیریت پایدار کشاورزی، عملکرد مناسب محصول در شرایط تنش های محیطی است. طبعا در کشور خشک ایران، کمبود رطوبت یکی از چالشهای اصلی کشاورزی است. تغذیه مناسب گیاه میتواند اثرات تنش خشکی را تعدیل نماید. برای بررسی اثرات تنش خشکی بر عملکرد گیاه از آهار به عنوان گیاه آزمایش استفاده شد. به همین منظور رشد گیاه آهار در پاسخ به تنش خشکی خاک در سطوح مختلف کوددهی پتاسه در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور بررسی شد. فاکتور اول: سه دوره آبیاری شامل 2 روز، 4 روز، یک هفته و فاکتور دوم: چهار سطح کودی پتاسیم شامل : 1- مصرف کود پتاسه بصورت پایه،2-مصرف کود پتاسه بصورت پایه و سرک، 3- مصرف کود پتاسه بصورت پایه و سرک + 2 بار محلولپاشی برگی و 4- مصرف کود پتاسه بصورت پایه و سرک + 4 بار محلولپاشی برگی. بستر کشت درهر گلدان نسبت 2 به1 خاک و کود حیوانی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. پس از اتمام دوره رشد، شاخصهای رویشی شامل وزن تر و خشک اندامهایهوایی، ارتفاعگیاه، تعدادشاخههای جانبی، تعدادگل، وزنگل و طول بلندترین شاخه اندازهگیری شد. بیشترین شاخصهای رشد: وزن تر و خشک اندامهوایی در تیمار 4 و دور آبیاری دو روز به ترتیب برابر 2/36 و 0/33 گرم، ارتفاع گیاه در تیمار 4 و دور آبیاری چهار روز برابر 43 سانتیمتر، تعداد شاخههای جانبی در تیمار 4 و دور آبیاری یک برابر 8 و طول بلندترین شاخه در تیمار 4 و دور آبیاری دو روز برابر 9 سانتیمتر به دست آمد. شاخصهای رشد در تیمارهای کودی بهتر از شاهد بود و این نشان داد که پتاسیم در دسترس گیاه در طول دوره رشد مقاومت گیاه را افزایش داده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - عملکرد آنتوریوم (Anthurium andraeanum Lind) تحت تأثیر کودهای آلی و معدنی مختلف
انریکه ای بیناس جونیور گیلبرت وی لومنتاک امینا آ موکادمتولید آنتوریوم بخش مهمی از صنعت گلکاری و گل­ های شاخه بریده است. تلفیق منابع تغذیه آلی و معدنی، برای تولید آنتوریوم یکی از بهترین عملیات مدیریتی است. این مطالعه برای دستیابی به تاثیر کودهای آلی و معدنی به­ عنوان منابع تغذیه خارجی روی عملکرد آنتوریوم انجام شد. ای Moreتولید آنتوریوم بخش مهمی از صنعت گلکاری و گل­ های شاخه بریده است. تلفیق منابع تغذیه آلی و معدنی، برای تولید آنتوریوم یکی از بهترین عملیات مدیریتی است. این مطالعه برای دستیابی به تاثیر کودهای آلی و معدنی به­ عنوان منابع تغذیه خارجی روی عملکرد آنتوریوم انجام شد. این پژوهش با دو فاکتور در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی (RCBD) 3×3، طراحی شد. داده ­ها با ANOVA تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. مقایسه میانگین تیمارها با کمک آزمون معنی­ داری تفاوت­ ها در توکی (HSD) انجام شد. فاکتورهای مختلف عبارت بودند از: M1: پوست نارگیل، M2: پوست نارگیل با کود مرغی و M3: پوست نارگیل با کود گاوی در فاکتور A؛ فاکتور B شامل F0: بدون کود معدنی، F1: 60-60-90 (NPK) و F2: 30-30-45 (NPK). نتایج نشان داد که کودهای مرغی و گاوی به­ عنوان بخشی از بستر کاشت، به شکل معنی ­داری رشد آنتوریوم را بدون در نظر گرفتن مقدار مصرف، بهبود می­ بخشند. درآمد خالص بعلاوه برگشت سرمایه در همه تیمارها، منفی بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Investigating the Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Chrysanthemum (cv. Borna)
Mohammad Ali Khalaj Seyed Mohammad Banijamali Mohammad Reza Shafiei Elham Farahani Mostafa Javan Pegah Sayyad-AminChrysanthemum is one of the five main cut flowers in Iran. Knowledge about the optimal range of macro-nutrientsespecially nitrogen (N), for the best quantitative and qualitative characteristics of chrysanthemum is of great importance. Randomized complete blocks design i MoreChrysanthemum is one of the five main cut flowers in Iran. Knowledge about the optimal range of macro-nutrientsespecially nitrogen (N), for the best quantitative and qualitative characteristics of chrysanthemum is of great importance. Randomized complete blocks design in three replications was implemented in this research. Five levels of N included 0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg/ha (ammonium nitrate) has been applied to chrysanthemum "Borna" cultivar in Mahalat city of Iran. These traits were measured: Score of life after harvest, branch number, flower numbers, flower longevity, days to flowering, chlorophyll, dry weight, shoot fresh weight, crown diameter, stem diameter and flower diameter. The results showed that maximum crown diameter, flower longevity, chlorophyll index, fresh and dry weight of the plant were obtained at the level of 150 kg/ha, compared to the control. Also, the highest total absorption of macro-nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK)), and micro-nutrients (iron, manganese, zinc and copper) was observed at the level of 150 kg/ha fertilization. According to the results, N application in the level 150 kg/ha can be recommended to have best growth condition for the "Borna" cultivar of chrysanthemum in Mahalat city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - بررسی شش رقم گل رز از نظر مواد معدنی، ویتامین ها و ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی
فیروزه پورزرنگار داود هاشم آبادی محمد صادق اللهیاریاز گل رز که ملکه گلهای زینتی است در آشپزی نوین بهعنوان یک منبع غذایی جدید و غنی از ترکیبات مغذی و زیستفعال استفاده میشود. با وجود محبوبیت گل رز در آشپزی، هنوز ارقام و گونههای زیادی از این گل از نظر خوراکی بودن آزمایش نشدهاند. از اینرو مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین ترک Moreاز گل رز که ملکه گلهای زینتی است در آشپزی نوین بهعنوان یک منبع غذایی جدید و غنی از ترکیبات مغذی و زیستفعال استفاده میشود. با وجود محبوبیت گل رز در آشپزی، هنوز ارقام و گونههای زیادی از این گل از نظر خوراکی بودن آزمایش نشدهاند. از اینرو مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین ترکیبات مغذی، معدنی و آنتیاکسیدانی 6 رقم گل رز (Hella, Crimson Siluetta, Rainbows End, Dolce Vita, Samurai, Avalanche) در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. ارقام مورد نظر در مرحله گل کاملا باز از یک تولید کننده معتبر در استان تهران خریداری و در بستهبندی مناسب به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. از گلبرگهای ارقام ذکر شده جهت تعیین ویژگیهای خوراکی و آنتیاکسیدانی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که "Crimson Siluetta" از نظر درصد ماده خشک (22.75 %)، فنل کل ( 20.20 میلی گرم گالیک اسید در هر گرم وزن تر)، ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی (85.83 درصد بازدارندگی)، فسفر (33.48 میلی گرم در 100 گرم وزن تر) و منگنز (2.76 میلی گرم در 100 گرم وزن تر) غنیتر از سایر رقمهاست. بهترین ارقام از نظر ویتامین ث و آنتوسیانین "Crimson Siluetta" و "Samurai" بودند که از نظر آماری اختلاف معناداری با هم نداشتند. غنیترین ارقام از نظر فلاونوئید کل، کاروتنوئید، نیتروژن و پروتئین بهترتیب "Rainbows End" و " Dolce Vita" بودند. "Dolce Vita" بیشترین مقدار ویتامین آ (0.38 میکروگرم در 100 گرم وزن تر) و گوگرد (356 میلی گرم در 100 گرم وزن تر) را داشت. بیشترین فیبر، آهن، روی، مس، کلسیم، منیزیم، نیکل و بر برای "Hella" ثبت شد که بههمراه "Samurai" بهترین رقمها از نظر پتاسیم بودند. بطورکلی هر 6 رقم رز مورد مطالعه منبع مناسبی از عناصر معدنی، ترکیبات مغذی و آنتیاکسیدانی هستند و در بین آنها "Hella" از نظر فیبر و عناصر معدنی، "Crimson Siluetta" از نظر ترکیبات آنتیاکسیدانی و "Dolce Vita" و "Rainbows End" از نظر ویتامین آ و کاروتنوئیدها منابع غنیتری بودند و جهت استفاده در رژیم غذایی انسان و بهرهمندی از مزایای سلامتی آنها توصیه میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Investigating of the Effects of Calcium Concentration under Hydroponic Conditions on Quantitative and Qualitative Growth of Lilium ‘Tresor
N. Seyedi A. Mohammadi Torkashvand M.S. AllahyariThe Asiatic hybrid lily, a bulbous ornamental plant, has a special position in the horticulture as cut flower. To overcome some problems in nutrition of bulb flowers, the use of hydroponic system and nutrient solution is important in the cultivation of these flowers. Th MoreThe Asiatic hybrid lily, a bulbous ornamental plant, has a special position in the horticulture as cut flower. To overcome some problems in nutrition of bulb flowers, the use of hydroponic system and nutrient solution is important in the cultivation of these flowers. The Asiatic Hybrid Lilium bulbs “Tresor” cultivar, used for the current research were planted under 3 different calcium levels including 2, 4 and 6 mM as randomised completely designed with five replications. Comparing the mean values of the data showed that 6 mM calcium produced maximum height of the plant, stem diameter, procreative height, number of buds, flower diameter and longevity of cut flowers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - The Possibility Using the Composted Peanut Shells in the Growth of Marigold and Viola tricolor Plants
Ali Mahboub KhomamiThis research was conducted to evaluate the possibility using peanut shells compost as a suitable medium in cultivating ornamental plants. Effect of peanut shells composts on the growth of Viola tricolor and marigold was investigated during seven months. Peat + perlite MoreThis research was conducted to evaluate the possibility using peanut shells compost as a suitable medium in cultivating ornamental plants. Effect of peanut shells composts on the growth of Viola tricolor and marigold was investigated during seven months. Peat + perlite (with a ratio of 2:1) used as control treatment and peat replaced by 25, 50, 75 and 100 % v/v of peanut shells compost. Plant growth indices, including height, stem, leaf fresh weights, stem and leaf dry weights were measured in marigold and Viola tricolor plants. Results showed that peanut shells compost had more effects on growth properties like height, stem and leaf dry weigh in comparison to control. The lowest growth was related to 100% peanut shells and control treatments. The most growth of Viola tricolor and marigold plants resulted respectively in 25% and 75% peanut shells compost, respectively. Results showed that increasing compost peanut shells as well as reducing the use of peat, can be effective on the growth of Viola tricolor and marigold plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی و صفات مورفولوژیکی گیاه همیشه بهار تحت تأثیر عناصر ریزمغذی
محراب یادگاریدر جهت ارزیابی محلولپاشی عناصر ریزمغذی بر عملکرد و ترکیبات عصاره همیشه بهار، دو آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در طی دو فصل زراعی سالهای 1393 و 1394 در شهرکرد انجام شد. اهداف مورد مطالعه در این تحقیق بررسی اثرگذاری عناصر ریزمغذی آهن، مس، روی و منگنز هر کدا Moreدر جهت ارزیابی محلولپاشی عناصر ریزمغذی بر عملکرد و ترکیبات عصاره همیشه بهار، دو آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در طی دو فصل زراعی سالهای 1393 و 1394 در شهرکرد انجام شد. اهداف مورد مطالعه در این تحقیق بررسی اثرگذاری عناصر ریزمغذی آهن، مس، روی و منگنز هر کدام در غلظتهای 0، 200 و 400 میلی گرم در لیتر، بر میزان فلاونوئید، فنول، کاروتنوئید، درصد عصاره، وزن خشک و تعداد گل در همیشه بهار بود. نتایج نشان داد که عناصر ریزمغذی آهن، روی، مس و منگنز بر وزن تر و خشک گل، تعداد گل، درصد عصاره، ترکیبات فلاونوئید، فنل و کاروتنوئید، اثر معنی­داری داشتند. بیشترین وزن خشک گل (9/11 گرم در گیاه)، تعداد گل در هر گیاه (5/33)، درصد عصاره (1)، فلاونوئید (2/31 میلی­گرم در 100 گرم وزن تر)، فنل (2/56 میلی­گرم در 100 گرم وزن تر) و کاروتنوئید (8/0 میلی­گرم در 100 گرم وزن تر) در تیمار ترکیبی آهن، روی، مس و منگنز با غلظت 400 میلی گرم در لیتر نسبت به شاهد و در سال دوم تحقیق بدست آمد. به نظر می­رسد در شرایط اقلیمی و ادافیکی شهرکرد بهترین تیمار در جهت بدست آوردن بهترین میزان عصاره و خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی گیاه همیشه بهار، تیمار 400 میلی­گرم در لیتر از عناصر ریزمغذی آهن، روی، مس و منگنز می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Factors Affecting Groundnut Market Outlet Choice in Moisture Stress Area of Babile District, Eastern Ethiopia: Multivariate Probit Approach
Jafer Ahmed Abdulaziz Umare Nasir Mahamed Oromia Galane Kebret Desse -
Open Access Article
302 - Indigenous Food Crop Production and Extent Decisions among Farm Households in Northern Ghana
Alhassan Andani -
Open Access Article
303 - Women’s Access to Nutritional Programmes in Rural Bangladesh: A Comparative Study between World Vision Beneficiaries and Non-Beneficiaries
Mohammed Uddin Nusrat Liza Mohammed Sarker M Zannatun Mukta Md Rana -
Open Access Article
304 - Rural Women Access to Nutritional Services: A Case Study Concerning Rural Women in Bangladesh
Mohammed Nasir Uddin Nusrat Zahan Liza Mohammad Asaduzzaman Sarker Julius Githinji Muchemi Sharmin Akter Zujaja Wahaj Saifur RahmanEquity of access to primary health services is critical for the most vulnerable and marginalised people in our societies. Despite global efforts to establish universal health care systems, women continue to be among society's most underserved citizens in both poor urban MoreEquity of access to primary health services is critical for the most vulnerable and marginalised people in our societies. Despite global efforts to establish universal health care systems, women continue to be among society's most underserved citizens in both poor urban and rural settings. The main barriers may include economic, geographic, cultural, or institutional factors. Monitoring access inequalities to primary health care services is critical in providing policymakers with an evidence-based solutions more equity-oriented policies, programmes, and practices towards improving long and healthy life for all people in the society. The main purpose of the study was to explore what factors influence women’s access to health services provided through government and civil society health programmes. It also examines the evolution of nutritional programs under government and civil society organizations in Bangladesh to provide insights on their design considerations to inform future design, deliver, and access of health care programmes by women in Bangladesh. Findings indicated that only 50% of rural women had access to health programmes. In addition, young and education women with high exposure to public awareness opportunities had more access health programmes. Further, health programme delivered through government and civil society design and delivery mechanisms reached out to more women. The study concludes that understanding women's circumstances and taking institutional design into account for operational effectiveness are crucial for the design and delivery of health services to rural areas, given these challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - Effect of Iron and Magnesium Nanoparticles and Planting Date on Yield and Nitrate Content in Potato Tubers
Amir Khodadadi Karkoki Mohammadreza Yavarzadeh Mohammadmehdi Akbariyan Aliakbar Askari The use of nanofertilizers and planting date might improve potato performance. In order to study nitrate accumulation and yield changes of potato tubers using different concentrations of iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) nano-particles in cultivation date of "Sante" cu More The use of nanofertilizers and planting date might improve potato performance. In order to study nitrate accumulation and yield changes of potato tubers using different concentrations of iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) nano-particles in cultivation date of "Sante" cultivar, a split-split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications were carried out in Research Farms of Jihad Keshavarzi located in Islamabad and Zeh-e Kalut region of Kerman province. Area as main factor and sub-factor including spraying of Fe and Mg nanoparticles (0, 1 and 2%) at flowering and tuber filling stages and sub-sub plot include two planting dates (5 and 25 October) were investigated.Results showed that mean tuber weight was significantly affected by different treatments of nano-particle spraying (p < 0.05).Effect of experimental treatments (area and date of planting) and their two and three effects was non-significant on tuber weight (p>0.05), but on yield were significant (p < 0.01). The highest yield was related to 2% spraying of Fe+Mg nano-particles on 5 October in Zeh-e Kalut area. Also, the highest tuber nitrate was obtained in control (spraying with distilled water) treatment. 1% Fe nano-particles and 1% Fe nanoparticle+2% Mg nanoparticle was divided into a single statistical group and showed significant difference with other treatments (p < 0.05).For all measured traits, it seems that the use of low consumption and essential elements through preservation of leaf greenness, improvement of photosynthetic system and increasing leaf durability led to increase length of tuber filling and tuber conversion and decrease in tuber nitrate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - Study of correlation between some agronomic traits of barley (Hordeum vulgare) in different treatments of phosphorus biological and chemical fertilizers
Mona Yousefipor Shahram Lack* Khoshnaz PayandehApplication of bio-fertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture perform important role at increasing of crop pro-duction and improving soil fertility. In order to investigate combine application of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers and micronutrients on morpho-ph MoreApplication of bio-fertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture perform important role at increasing of crop pro-duction and improving soil fertility. In order to investigate combine application of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers and micronutrients on morpho-physiologic characteristics of barley, present research was conducted via split plot experiment according randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Ramhormoz during 2016-17. The main treatments consisted of phosphorus fertilizers and bio-fertilizers in four levels (Non use phosphorus fertilizer or control, bio-fertilizer “Barvar2”, bio-fertilizer “Barvar2” with 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and 200 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer) and spray micro-nutrient (included micronutrients of zinc, iron and manganese) at three levels (no spray micro-nutrient or control, spray micro-nutrient at 0.002 and 0.004 concentration) belonged to sub plots. Results of analysis of variance indicated effect of combine application of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers and micronutrients on measured traits was significant. Mean comparison result of phosphorus fertilizers showed that bio-fertilizer “Barvar2” with 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer had maximum peduncle length (9.46 cm), awn length (11.95 cm), leaf area index (4.5), chlorophyll index (40.26) and days to rippening (185 day) also spray micro-nutrient at 0.004 concentration achieved maximum rate of mentioned traits. According mean comparison results of interactions of treatments the highest seed yield (400.1 g.m-2) and main spike weight (2.89 gr) belonged to bio-fertilizer “Barvar2” with 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and spray micro-nutrient at 0.004 concentration. Generally to achieved optimum yield use bio-fertilizer “Barvar2” with 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and foliar application micro-nutrient at 0.004 concentrations for Ramhormoz weather conditions can be advised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Evaluation different methods of Salicylic Acid and Pumice Application on Modifying of Salinity Effects and Some Physiological Properties of cress (Lepidium sativum L.)
Nasim Basirpour Elnaz Sabbagh Tazeh Considering the salinity problem and limited water resources in Iran, joint application of salinity moderators and super absorbents, can be an effective approach to improve the growth indexes of plants, grown in saline soils. For investigating the eff More Considering the salinity problem and limited water resources in Iran, joint application of salinity moderators and super absorbents, can be an effective approach to improve the growth indexes of plants, grown in saline soils. For investigating the effects of salicylic acid and pumice on yield and nutrients content in Cress (Lepidium sativum) in a saline soil, a field experiment was conducted in a factorial form on completely randomized design with nine treatments and three replications. The factors were 1) salicylic acid (s) including three rates, consists of a) no amendment (control), b) soaking seeds in salicylic acid 0.1 mM for 24 h and c) spraying plants by salicylic acid 0.7 mM in three stages and 2) pumice (p) including three rates, consists of a) 0 (p0), b)15 T/ha (p1) and c) 30 T/ha (p2). Results showed that seeds soaking in salicylic acid 0.1 mM could moderate the negative effects of salinity in Cress. But there was not a significant difference between spraying plants by salicylic acid 0.7 mM and control, in most growth indexes. Increasing pumice rate, increased Dw and P, Ca, Mg and K content and reduced Na content, prolin, H2O2 and ascorbat peroxidase in Cress. Totally P2S1 treatment or application of 30 T/ha pumice and soaking seeds in salicylic acid 0.1 mM, produced the most Dw and nutrients content and the leastsalinity stress indexes in Cress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - The effect of simultaneous application of salicylic acid and thiamine on morpho-physiological and qualitative properties of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) of Galaxy cultivar
Seyed Majid Jazayeri اسدی قارنه Asadi-GharnehThis experiment was conducted in factorial format and in the form of RCBD with 3 replications. The treatments used included four concentrations of salicylic acid and thiamine. Application of salicylic acid caused significant changes at 1% and 5% levels in all morphologi MoreThis experiment was conducted in factorial format and in the form of RCBD with 3 replications. The treatments used included four concentrations of salicylic acid and thiamine. Application of salicylic acid caused significant changes at 1% and 5% levels in all morphological and physiological traits except the number of flowers in the cluster, relative leaf water content, and acidity. Spraying salicylic acid on the leaves of tomatoes increased some traits such as yield, number of fruits in plant, number of bunches in plant, and compared to control plants (without application of salicylic acid). Thiamine spraying caused significant changes in most of the morpho-physiological and quality traits. Thiamine caused an increase in the traits that were significant, although this increase was influenced by the concentration of the used. The yield (4084 and 4225 kg for the application of salicylic acid and thiamine), vitamin C (42 and 51 mg/g fresh weight for the application of salicylic acid and thiamine), and lycopene (2.34 and 2.49 mg/g) fresh weight for the application of salicylic acid and thiamine) traits had the highest amount of salicylic acid and thiamine at a concentration of 100 mg/liter. Some of the traits such as yield, fruit diameter, fresh and dry weight, total acidity, phenolic acid, and vitamin C were also affected by the interaction of salicylic acid and thiamine. According to this study spraying of salicylic acid and thiamine with a concentration of 100 mg/liter will have the greatest effect on morphophysiological characteristics in Galaxy tomatoes under greenhouse conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Design and validate a nutritional literacy curriculum model for secondary school
kobra khajepoor said ahmad hashemi abbas gholtash ali asghar masinghiThe present study was designed to validate the nutrition literacy curriculum model and provide a template and review existing perspectives. The research method is in the "exploratory research" group. The statistical population of the study consists of specialists and nu MoreThe present study was designed to validate the nutrition literacy curriculum model and provide a template and review existing perspectives. The research method is in the "exploratory research" group. The statistical population of the study consists of specialists and nutrition curriculum students. In order to determine the appropriate volume, sampling is done in a multistage random cluster sampling method among hundreds of people. The fieldwork is collected through a questionnaire and a model derived from the qualitative research level, and is presented to health nutrition experts in order to determine the validity. The validity of the research was also confirmed by a confirmatory factor analysis and the reliability of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. The quantitative statements in the two sections of the descriptive statistics, based on the frequency tables, statistical indices and dispersion indicators, and also in the inferential part, were relied on The information provided by the content analysis section is as follows. The research findings, the objectives of familiarity with the correct nutrition principles, the factors for choosing the content of useful food groups, the methods of conducting appropriate training and practical programs, and the methods of evaluation, carrying out educational activities with the presentation of the relevant pattern Describes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - نقش عوامل بیرونی مؤثر بر کاربرد مدیریت استراتژیک در نظام دانش و اطلاعات کشاورزیِ ایران
حسنا میلادی ایرج ملک محمدی محمد چیذری سید محمود حسینیهدف از این مطالعه، شناسایی عوامل خارجی مؤثر بر مدیریت استراتژیک در نظام دانش و اطلاعات کشاورزی و بررسی اهمیت نسبی آن از دیدگاه کارشناسان می­باشد. براساس مصاحبه ها، بررسی ادبیات مربوطه و تحقیقات قبلی، پنج عامل مؤثر برای بررسی تعیین شد. برای این منظور، یک پرسشنامه طرا Moreهدف از این مطالعه، شناسایی عوامل خارجی مؤثر بر مدیریت استراتژیک در نظام دانش و اطلاعات کشاورزی و بررسی اهمیت نسبی آن از دیدگاه کارشناسان می­باشد. براساس مصاحبه ها، بررسی ادبیات مربوطه و تحقیقات قبلی، پنج عامل مؤثر برای بررسی تعیین شد. برای این منظور، یک پرسشنامه طراحی گردید. اعتبار صوری و محتوایی این ابزار سنجش نیز توسط کمیته تحقیقاتی تأیید شد. برای تعیین قابلیت اطمینان این ابزار، یک مطالعه آزمایشی توسط 30 نفر از پرسنل سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان قزوین انجام شد. ضریب اطمینان (آلفای کرونباخ) 95/0 محاسبه شد که نشان دهنده این است که پرسشنامه دارای شاخص اعتماد بالایی بوده است. عوامل خارجی مورد بررسی در این تحقیق عبارت بودند از عوامل اجتماعی - فرهنگی، سیاسی، اقتصادی، تکنولوژیکی و زیست­محیطی. جامعه آماری نیز شامل کارشناسان ستادی و کارکنان سازمان­های کشاورزی استان­های البرز و تهران (161 نفر) بود. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS ورژن 20 انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که عوامل اجتماعی- فرهنگی، اقتصادی، بوم­شناختی، سیاسی،تکنولوژیکی به ترتیب از مهمترین عوامل خارجی مؤثر بر مدیریت استراتژیک دانش و اطلاعات کشاورزی می­باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - مولفه های موثر برتولیدبهینه گندم از منظر کشاورزان شمال خوزستان
محمد صادق صبوری ثریا رفیعی داود ثمریاین تحقیق با هدف بررسی نقش نگرش فلسفی، اقتصادی، محیطی، آموزشی و برخی ویژگی های شخصی کشاورزان در تولید گندم در شمال استان خوزستان انجام شد. نوع تحقیق کاربردی بود مه به شیوه علی ارتباطی انجام شد. داده ها با استفاده از روش تحقیق پیمایشی و با استفاده از پرسشنامه به عنوان اب Moreاین تحقیق با هدف بررسی نقش نگرش فلسفی، اقتصادی، محیطی، آموزشی و برخی ویژگی های شخصی کشاورزان در تولید گندم در شمال استان خوزستان انجام شد. نوع تحقیق کاربردی بود مه به شیوه علی ارتباطی انجام شد. داده ها با استفاده از روش تحقیق پیمایشی و با استفاده از پرسشنامه به عنوان ابزار اصلی پژوهش جمع آوری شد. نمونه ها شامل تمام تولید کنندگان گندم در شمال خوزستان از جمله دزفول، اندیمشک و شهرستان شوش (بر اساس تعداد کشاورزان گندم) بود. 310 کشاورز با استفاده از فرمول کوکران از طریق انتخاب تصادفی از 23485 تن گندم خوزستان شمالی انتخاب شدند. در نهایت 302 پرسشنامه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. داده های پژوهش با استفاده از رگرسیون گام به گام مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. پرسشنامه از طریق مرور ادبیات برای جمع آوری داده ها تهیه شد. روایی ابزار پس از چندین بار بررسی و تصحیح توسط اعضای هیات علمی ترویج وآموزش کشاورزی در دانشگاه آزاد گرمسار تایید گردید. اعتبار پرسشنامه توسط گروهی از کارشناسان بررسی وپایائی آن پس از اعمال ضریب کرونباخ 0.81گزارش شد (در مجموع 30 پرسشنامه در مناطق مشابه در استان خوزستان تکمیل شد). تحلیل رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد که مهم ترین عامل موثر بر تولید مطلوب گندم، عوامل اقتصادی کشاورزان است. مهمترین متغیر که واریانس متغیر وابسته را توضیح داد، متغیرهای اقتصادی با 77.2٪ درصد بود. پس از آن، متغیرهای (محیط زیست، اجزای قانونی و فرآیندهای آموزشی- نگرشی) قرار دارند که 5/86٪ از واریانس تولید بهینه گندم را تشکیل دادند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - مدلسازی اثر تغییر اقلیم بر تولید بادام زمینی بر مبنای افزایش دو درجه دما در شرایط محیطی آینده در استان گیلان، ایران
Seyyed Ali Noorhosseini Afshin Soltani Hossein Ajamnorooziبه منظور ارزیابی اثر تغییر اقلیم بر رشد و عملکرد بادام­زمینی بر مبنای دو درجه افزایش دما، تحقیقی با استفاده از مدل SSM-Peanut انجام شد. شبیه­سازی براساس اطلاعات بلندمدت ایستگاه­های هواشناسی استان گیلان (شامل انزلی، فرودگاه رشت، جهاد کشاورزی رشت، لاهیجان، آست Moreبه منظور ارزیابی اثر تغییر اقلیم بر رشد و عملکرد بادام­زمینی بر مبنای دو درجه افزایش دما، تحقیقی با استفاده از مدل SSM-Peanut انجام شد. شبیه­سازی براساس اطلاعات بلندمدت ایستگاه­های هواشناسی استان گیلان (شامل انزلی، فرودگاه رشت، جهاد کشاورزی رشت، لاهیجان، آستارا، کیاشهر، تالش و رودسر) صورت گرفت. در انتها با اجرای مدل برای هر سال و تحت هر سناریو، روز تا گلدهی، روز تا شروع تشکیل غلاف، روز تا شروع تشکیل دانه، روز تا رسیدگی برداشت، شاخص سطح برگ، تجمع ماده خشک، عملکرد دانه و غلاف از خروجی مدل ثبت شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS انجام شد. علاوه برآن پهنه­بندی استان گیلان از لحاظ تولید بادام­زمینی درشرایط فعلی و پس از تغییر اقلیم با استفاده از نرم­افزار ArcGIS صورت گرفت. برای مقایسه تفاوت بین رشد و عملکرد بادام­زمینی در شرایط فعلی با وقوع تغییرات اقلیمی از t-test و آنالیز تشخیصی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت آماری معنی­داری از لحاظ تمامی صفات مورد بررسی درشرایط فعلی و پس از تغییر اقلیم (بر مبنای افزایش دما) در استان گیلان وجود داشت. با افزایش درجه حرارت میانگین طول دوره رشد بادام­زمینی در استان گیلان از 142 روز به 123 روز کاهش پیدا کرد. در عین حال عملکرد بادام­زمینی در شرایط تغییر اقلیم برمبنای افزایش دو درجه سانتیگراد دما برابر با 73/8 درصد بیشتر از شرایط کنونی بدست آمد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - بررسی مداخلات موثر بر توسعه تولید کشاورزی حساس به تغذیه توسط فرایند تحلیل شبکه ای
مریم مورج حسین شعبانعلی فمی ژیلا دانشور عامری علی اسدیتغذیه هم به­عنوان ورودی و هم نتیجه توسعه پایدار شناخته می­شود، جایی که تولید کشاورزی نیز نقش غیرقابل انکاری ایفا می­کند. استان البرز به عنوان یکی از استانهای بزرگ ایران، با مشکلات متعددی مواجه می­باشد که طی سالهای گذشته بر امنیت غذایی آن تأ Moreتغذیه هم به­عنوان ورودی و هم نتیجه توسعه پایدار شناخته می­شود، جایی که تولید کشاورزی نیز نقش غیرقابل انکاری ایفا می­کند. استان البرز به عنوان یکی از استانهای بزرگ ایران، با مشکلات متعددی مواجه می­باشد که طی سالهای گذشته بر امنیت غذایی آن تأثیر منفی گذاشته است،.به­طوری که اجرای کشاورزی حساس به تغذیه برای رفع این مشکلات ضروری تلقی می­شود. پژوهش حاضر به بررسی مداخلات مؤثر بر اجرای تولید محصولات کشاورزی حساس به تغذیه در استان البرز بر اساس تحلیل تصمیمگیری چندمعیاره (MCDM) برای اولویتبندی این مداخلات و همچنین شناسایی بهترین استراتژی اجرایی برای پیگیری در منطقه پرداخته است. به منظور دستیابی به این اهداف، با استفاده از فرآیند شبکه تحلیلی (ANP)بر اساس مطالعات کتابخانه­ای و اسنادی و مصاحبه با کارشناسان و مراجع، ساختار مدل ANP تدوین شده و مقایسه­های زوجی صورت گرفته است. نتایج نشان میدهد که مهمترین عامل مداخله گر، در ابتدا "تولید درآمد برای تغذیه" و پس از آن "جابجایی، ذخیرهسازی و فرآوری حساس به تغذیه پس از برداشت" ، می­باشد. تصمیم­گیران و مسئولان این استان، باید در اجرای کشاورزی حساس به تغذیه، به این جنبه­ها توجه بیشتری داشته باشند. همچنین، استراتژی پیاده­سازی بلندمدت (6 تا 20 سال) جایگزین بهتری برای هدف­گذاری و برنامه­ریزی تصمیم­گیران و مقامات است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Promoters and Deterrents of Developing Mechanization of Peanut Cultivation In North of Iran
Reza Zehtab Naebi Saeed Firouzi Mohammad Reza EbrahimzadehThe increasing cost of peanut production is a major concern in Iran. Therefore, developing the mechanization of peanut production is a necessity. In this regard, a three-phase Delphi study was conducted to identify the promoting and deterring factors affecting peanut cu MoreThe increasing cost of peanut production is a major concern in Iran. Therefore, developing the mechanization of peanut production is a necessity. In this regard, a three-phase Delphi study was conducted to identify the promoting and deterring factors affecting peanut cultivation mechanization in Guilan Province, the main peanut-producing region in Iran. After preliminary studies, 26 experts were selected as respondents for the study. Based on the final results, ‘allocating provincial and national funds to develop mechanization’ (with the agreement of 98.07% of respondents), ‘Organizing training programs to increase farmers’ technical knowledge’ (97.12%), and ‘conducting the pilot and model projects’ (95.19%) were found to be the most important promoting factors in developing peanut cultivation mechanization in north of Iran. Moreover, ‘the small size and fragmentation of peanut farms’ (with 96.15% of respondents agreeing), ‘problems with the national and provincial programs of peanut mechanization’ (95.19%), and ‘low technical knowledge of farmers and craftsmen about peanut farming mechanization’ (94.23%) were identified as the most important deterring factors in developing peanut cultivation mechanization in north of Iran. Given the small area dedicated to peanut cultivation and the low income levels of peanut farmers in north of Iran, it seems that provincial and national funding allocation and peer-planned programming to import appropriate farm machinery are the most urgent plans to improve the status of mechanization of peanut cultivation in north of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - Nutritional Management of Broiler Rearing Farms in Guilan, Iran
Hossein Zaker Esteghamati Sayed Abdoullah Hosseini Hamid Reza Mohamadian Tabrizi Mohamad Hossein Palizdar Amir MeimandipourFrom a total of 656 broiler farms with the permission of exploitation in Guilan province, data was gathered from 20% of active farms including 85 units (Capacity of over 1663000 portions of broiler chickens) to evaluate the management of nutrition and nourish using ques MoreFrom a total of 656 broiler farms with the permission of exploitation in Guilan province, data was gathered from 20% of active farms including 85 units (Capacity of over 1663000 portions of broiler chickens) to evaluate the management of nutrition and nourish using questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed by the interview method. The methods of making feed, feed formulation, the shape of grain, the frequency of feeding, the type of dietary supplement and food additives, the use of experts, feed conversion ratio, causes of mortality, the age of mortality, drinking and feeding systems, and how to use fine nourishing (in the shape of supplement or concentrate) were considered in this study. The performance was calculated for each broiler farm. According to the production index, the farms were divided into three groups of weak (200+25), medium (250+25), and good (300+25) and their differences were compared. According to the results, among the managerial factors, the factors such as: feeding system, water quality, the conformity of ration in nutrition with the needs of commercial strains and drinking management, have the most portion in creating the three groups of good, medium and weak, among the broiler rearing farms. Thus, in the study of each group’s feeding system, the good group has the highest percentage of using automatic systems (86/60) and the weak group has the highest percentage of using manual systems. In comparing three groups regarding the drinking water quality, it was observed that good, medium and weak groups drink 92%, 61.84%, and 75% fresh water, respectively. Furthermore, in the weak group, most of the farms have used the water with tolerable hardness or saltiness. Finally, the conformity of strain’s requirement with diet was examined among groups. The results showed that 16.5% of units followed this conformity and the percentages of the good, medium, weak groups was 11.12%, 28%, 53.5%, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Preventive Factors to Found Walnut Production Cooperatives in Tuyserkan Township, Iran
Mohammad AbdolmalekyThis study was conducted to seek the opinion of walnut producers on barriers affecting the success of producers to found production cooperatives regarding horticultural products in Tuyserkan Township, Iran. A sample of 234 walnut producers were randomly selected through MoreThis study was conducted to seek the opinion of walnut producers on barriers affecting the success of producers to found production cooperatives regarding horticultural products in Tuyserkan Township, Iran. A sample of 234 walnut producers were randomly selected through multistage cluster sampling technique. Descriptive- correlation research method was used in this study which has been implemented through the questionnaire. For determining the validity of questionnaire, the face and content validity was used. Reliability for the instrument was estimated at 0.94. According to factor analysis, barriers to found and develop walnut production cooperatives were categorized into seven groups that explained 65.799% of the total variance of the research variables. The results also indicated that lack of cultural infrastructures, inadequate knowledge and incorrect opinions of producers and leaders, inadequate laws and vulnerability and infrastructural barriers had the most effect to found and develop walnut production cooperatives, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Perception of Shea Nut Tree as an Economic Tree among Farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria
Rasheed Gbolagade AdeolaThe importance of shea tree to the people of south-western Nigeria cannot be over emphasized considering both the economic and environmental uses of the tree. However, efforts have not been made to propagate its production by the farmers as the shea tree still grows in MoreThe importance of shea tree to the people of south-western Nigeria cannot be over emphasized considering both the economic and environmental uses of the tree. However, efforts have not been made to propagate its production by the farmers as the shea tree still grows in the wild state. It would be worthwhile to investigate farmers’ perception of shea nut tree as an economic tree and their attitudes toward the conservation measures needed to prevent its extinction. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 160 farmers for the study. A structured interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics of means and percentages were used to describe the data while correlation coefficients were employed to determine the relationships that exist between farmers’ perception and their socio- economics characteristics. A larger percentage of the farmers claimed the awareness of the potential products of shea nut trees. Majority (90.6%) of the respondents perceived shea tree as an economic tree and indicated that it provides income for women and children that gather the fruits. Most of the farmers had favourable attitude toward shea nut tree as an economic tree. Land ownership status (r=0.536), age (r=0.875), education (r=0.725), farming experience (r=0.508), household size (r=-0.817) and farm size (r=-0.673) had significant influence on the perception of farmers. The study therefore recommends that the extension agencies should play significant role in educating the farmers on the importance of conserving the trees to sustain its economic benefits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Implication of Micronutrients in Agriculture and Health with Special Reference to Iron and Zinc
M. Govindaraj P. Kannan P. ArunachalamThe green revolution fulfilled the food demand of crowded millions. From the time of green revolution to till date high yielding and fertilizer responsive varieties have evolved to increase the production per unit area. To improve the productivity only major nutrients a MoreThe green revolution fulfilled the food demand of crowded millions. From the time of green revolution to till date high yielding and fertilizer responsive varieties have evolved to increase the production per unit area. To improve the productivity only major nutrients are concentrated almost in all crops. Though the importance of micronutrient realized during past decades in most of the crops but it is not effectively materialized in general crop cultivation practices. The micronutrient deficiencies in soil are not only hamper crop productivity but also deteriorating the produce quality. World health organization (WHO) has estimated that over 3 billion people in the globe suffer from the micronutrient malnutrition and about 2 billion people of these have iron deficiency. Iron is one of the 16 essential elements needed for plant growth. Iron is used for the synthesis of chlorophyll and is essential for the function of chloroplasts. Zinc is involved in membrane integrity, enzyme activation, and gene expression. Rice, sorghum and corn are Zn sensitive and sorghum, sugarcane, groundnut, soyabean, beans, grapes, vegetables and citrus are highly Fe sensitive crops. To overcome these problems foliar spray is being recommended but it is not crop specific or soil specific recommendation. Keeping these problems in the view, recently development of micronutrient efficient genotypes, creating awareness of micronutrient dose, crop specific micronutrient uptake and accumulation are vital to improve productivity and to address human health problems. In this paper we discussed the importance of iron and zinc in agriculture and their role in crop plants and ways to improve the crop productivity as well as human health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - عوامل موثر در دانش مدیریت تغذیه و الگوی آموزشی مناسب برای مرغداران گوشتی، مطالعه موردی در شهرستان گرمسار
Ali Nouri Emamzadeh Mohammad Sadegh Sabouriاین مطالعه به منظور تعیین عوامل موثر در دانش مدیریت تغذیه و طراحی الگوی آموزشی مناسب برای پرورش دهندگان مرغ گوشتی شهرستان گرمسار انجام شد. روش تحقیق به صورت توصیفی- همبستگی بود. هشتاد و هشت پرسشنامه از 98 پرورش دهندگان مرغ گوشتی جمع­آوری و آنالیز شد. روایی و پایایی Moreاین مطالعه به منظور تعیین عوامل موثر در دانش مدیریت تغذیه و طراحی الگوی آموزشی مناسب برای پرورش دهندگان مرغ گوشتی شهرستان گرمسار انجام شد. روش تحقیق به صورت توصیفی- همبستگی بود. هشتاد و هشت پرسشنامه از 98 پرورش دهندگان مرغ گوشتی جمع­آوری و آنالیز شد. روایی و پایایی پرسشنامه­ها مطابق با راهنما بررسی و ضریب آلفا کرونباخ با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS، 86/0 محاسبه شد. یافته­ها نشان دادند که نقش روش­های مختلف آموزشی در افزایش دانش پرورش دهندگان خیلی کم تا خیلی زیاد بود. آنالیز همبستگی ارتباط معنی­دار و مثبت دانش پرورش دهندگان را با ظرفیت مزرعه، سطح درآمد، روش­های آموزشی نمایشی و بازدید از مزارع پیشرفته نشان داد. یافته­های تحلیل رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد روش آموزش نمایشی و روش بازدیدی با هم 56/2 درصد کل تغییرات دانش مدیریت تغذیه را پیش بینی کردند. بنابراین معادله خط رگرسیون به صورت زیر بود: (روش بازدیدی) 0/292 + (روش نمایشی) 0/664=Y در بحث، بهترین الگوی آموزشی استفاده از بهترین روش­ها بویژه روش­های بازدیدی و نمایشی جهت آموزش متون مناسب با تأکید بر اولویت­های آموزشی می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Morphology, ecology and propagation of endangered species of Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem )Bignoniaceae) in Golparaki plain of Jiroft (Iran)
Farkhondeh Rezanejad Asma Saberi Fatemeh AlimoradiTecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. is deciduous or nearly evergreen tree that is highly valuable due to showy and beautiful flowers, resistance against extreme temperature and drought, medicinal properties, wood production and ... Morphology, ecology and propagation of this MoreTecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. is deciduous or nearly evergreen tree that is highly valuable due to showy and beautiful flowers, resistance against extreme temperature and drought, medicinal properties, wood production and ... Morphology, ecology and propagation of this species in Golparaky plain of Jiroft was studied. The highest of its distribution in middle east is seen in this plain that has been introduced as genetic reservoir. The species grows on sand dunes and sand loams or stony places of river bed. pH of area soil is equal 7.5 and its EC is 1/3 desi zimen m -2. The amount of micro- and macro-elements and organic carbon of soil was lower than standard. Root branches are long and various which produce new plantlets using vegetative propagation even in distances of 30 m farther. The inflorescence is raceme-cyme, flowers are odorless, protoandrous and contain heteromorph stamens and adnate perianth. In the middle of flower is seen a well-developed nectary disc producing about 1 ml nectar of odorless or purple color. Flowers are cross pollinated but no pollinator was observed in pollination season. The species is fruitless and seedless although flowers seemed normal. Root branches endanger due to floods and soils of sandy and loamy. The seed absence, less vegetative propagation and losing of vegetatively propagated seedlings due to grazing by cattle and sheep and increasing dry and high increase its treat risk. Thus, its protection should be taken seriously. Also, it is recommended to consider to its vegetative reproduction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Molecular phylogeny of Linaria (Plantaginaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal (ITS) sequences
Nafiseh Yousefi MahmoodLinaria Mill.with 150 spp. constitutes the largest genus of the tribe Antirrhineae. This genus clearly has the main challenges in the normal classification and so needs to more serious and complete research. The goal of this research is trying to solve existing problem MoreLinaria Mill.with 150 spp. constitutes the largest genus of the tribe Antirrhineae. This genus clearly has the main challenges in the normal classification and so needs to more serious and complete research. The goal of this research is trying to solve existing problem using molecular systematic tool. In this research, a phylogenetic analysis of representatives from Linaria has been presented based on nuclear ribosomal (ITS) sequences. From Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian analyses nearly congruent trees are produced. Our results indicate that Linaria-Nuttallanthus is monophyletic group and comprising of seven sections of Pelisserianae, Lectoplectron, Macrocentrum, Versicolores, Supinae, Diffusae and Linaria. Linaria is expanded to include sect. Speciosae and some members of sect. Diffusae. It is necessary to propose a new concept for sect. Diffusae by restricting it only to those annual species with wingless seeds that are covered by testa cells with slightly elevated to sunken anticlinal walls plus convex periclinal walls papillate on surface. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf
masoud bayat reza moradi ali bodaghiGreen synthesis of nanoparticles is an environmentally friendly method, in which water solvent are used. In this study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) was performed by using walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf extract. Walnut leaf contains a variety of che MoreGreen synthesis of nanoparticles is an environmentally friendly method, in which water solvent are used. In this study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) was performed by using walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf extract. Walnut leaf contains a variety of chemicals, including tannins, flavonoids, vitamins, plant acids and naphthoquinone. The extract of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf as the reducing agent is used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. UV-Vis spectrum exhibit an absorption band at around 400-450 nm suggestion the formation of silver nanoparticles. The observed peak at about 425 nm is related to the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. The effects of operational parameters in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles such as silver nitrate salt concentration, extract volume, temperature and time was studied. The results showed that silver nitrate concentration 6 mM, extract volume 200 µlit, temperature 90°C and time 40 min was the optimum amounts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - The Relationship between Mother-Child Attachment and Eating Problems: The Mediating Role of Child's Self-Regulation in Eating and Parental Nutrition Care
Omid Rahdan Shekoofeh Mottaghi Azadeh ChoobforoushzadehThe aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of child self-regulation in eating and parental nutrition care in the relationship between mother-child attachment and the child's eating problems. 248 mothers of 2-4 year-old children in the city of Shahrek MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of child self-regulation in eating and parental nutrition care in the relationship between mother-child attachment and the child's eating problems. 248 mothers of 2-4 year-old children in the city of Shahrekord were selected through convenience sampling, and completed Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (Condon and Corkindale, 1998), Feeding Problem Questionnaire (Lewinsohn, 2005), Self-Regulation in Eating Questionnaire (Sherry and et al., 2004), and Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire (Jansen,Williams, Mallan, Nicholson & Daniels, 2014). This research was a descriptive correlational study using structural equation modeling. Findings showed that parental nutrition care can fully mediate the relationship between mother-child attachment and eating problems. The effect of mother-child attachment through parental nutrition care on reducing child eating problems was 0.26. Mother-child attachment also had a positive significant relationship with self-regulation of eating, but the mediating role of self-regulation of eating in the relationship between mother-child attachment and eating problems wasn’t verified. According to the results, education specialists should pay a great attention to the importance and necessity of mother-child relationship as a determinant factor in children’s mental health and prevention of behavioral and eating problems in children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - The effect of walnut''s green skin on coloration of Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus)
M. Abbasi Oghda A. Vosooghi A. MatinfarThe effect of oral green skin of walnuts on the coloration of Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus) was studied. Albino Oscar fish with an average weight of 60 grams 5/01 ± 0/18 and 54/84 ± 2/23 mm average length in the form of 3 experimental and one control and each with t MoreThe effect of oral green skin of walnuts on the coloration of Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus) was studied. Albino Oscar fish with an average weight of 60 grams 5/01 ± 0/18 and 54/84 ± 2/23 mm average length in the form of 3 experimental and one control and each with three repetitions were divided. Twelve aquariums with dimensions of 50 × 40 × 33 cm was used. Control was fed with no food additives (food stand). For the first treatment food containing 0.1 percent walnut hull was used, 0.2 percent was used for the second treatment with the diet and in the third treatment fish were fed with food containing 0.3 percent walnut hull. The breeding period lasted 8 weeks (56 days). Every 20 days biometrics (Biometry) was carried out. Average water temperature in the aquarium during the study period was 28.07 ± 1.09 °C, with an average of 5.38 ± 0.15 milligrams per liter of dissolved oxygen, average pH was measured to be 8.03 ± 0.33 and average TDS, 33.27 ± 1.32 mg. After the breeding period, 3 fish from each treatment were randomly selected to assess the rate of change of color obtained using L* a* b* colorimetric system using a CHROMA METER CR-40. Colorimetric analysis of fish skin from treatments showed that oral administration of green walnut caused significant skin discoloration. Component b* representing the yellow color, was positive in the treatment 1, showed significant differencecompared to control (P0/05). The results showed that using the green skin of walnuts in the diet can increase the Oscar fish skin color towards yellow. It was shown that the level of 0.1 percent green skin of walnuts in the diet was the best level for increasing the yellow color in fish were detected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - The effect of walnut’s green skin on growth of Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus)
M. Abbasi Oghda A. Vosooghi A. MatinfarIn this study, the effect of oral green skin of walnuts on the coloration of Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus) was studied. Sixty albino Oscar fish with an average weight of 5/01 ± 0/18 g and 54/84 ± 2/23 mm average length were divided in into three MoreIn this study, the effect of oral green skin of walnuts on the coloration of Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus) was studied. Sixty albino Oscar fish with an average weight of 5/01 ± 0/18 g and 54/84 ± 2/23 mm average length were divided in into three test experiments and one control and each with three repetitions. Twelve aquariums in the dimensions of 50 × 40 × 33 cm were used. The control was fed with a diet containing no food additives. The fish in treatment number one were fed with food containing %0.1 walnut hulls, the second treatment contained %0.2 walnut hulls in the fish diet and the third treatment was fed with food containing % 0.3 walnut hulls. The breeding period lasted eight weeks (56 days). Every 20 days biometrics (Biometry) were performed which included gravimetric analysis using a digital scale with 0.01g precision and a ruler with an accuracy of 0.1 cm for length analysis. Average water temperature in the aquarium during the study period was 28/07 ± 1/09 ° C. An average of 5/38 ± 0/15 milligrams per liter of dissolved oxygen, average pH of 8/03 ± 0/33 and an average TDS of 33/27 ± 1/32 mg was measured. At the end of the period of investigation, results showed that in terms of growth, the control with an average weight of 17/06 ± 1/21 grams and weight gain of 22/15 ± 1/08 grams had significantly (P<0/05) the highest growth rate compared with the other treatments. The third treatment with an average weight of 6/95 ± 0/56 grams and weight gain of 2/12 ± 0/64 grams showed the lowest growth rates. The control treatment also showed increased body weight and had the highest average of 337/01 ± 38/62 percent and was significantly different (P<0/05) from the other treatments. Treatment no. 3 with an average of 44/60 ± 15/48 percent had the lowest percentage of weight gain. Treatment no. 2 with an average of 95 percent have the highest rateof survival and was significantly different (P<0/05) from treatment no. 1, but was not significantly different (P≥0/05) compared to other treatments. Treatment no. 1 with an average survival of 55 percent had the lowest survival rate.The results showed that using the green skin of walnuts in the diet can reduce the growth factors in Oscar fish. However, 0.3 percent green skin of walnuts in the diet was most effective in slowing the fish growth rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - The Effect of walnut shell on coloration of Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio)
H. Ghazvini A. Vosoughi A. MatinfarIn this study the effect of oral administration of green skin of walnuts on the growth and color of Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) has been studied in 60 Koi fishof average weight of 1.50±0.06g and average length of 53.00±1.48mm in 3 treatments and 1 control a MoreIn this study the effect of oral administration of green skin of walnuts on the growth and color of Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) has been studied in 60 Koi fishof average weight of 1.50±0.06g and average length of 53.00±1.48mm in 3 treatments and 1 control and each with 3 replicates.Twelve aquariumsof 33×40×50 dimension were used. The control group had no food additives (basic food was fed). First treatment with food containing 0.1 percent, second treatment with food containing 0.2 per cent, third treatment with food containing 0.3 percent green skin of walnut was fed for 8 weeks (56day) breeding period. Every 20 days once, biometry including gravimetric and length measurement was done. Also, at the end of the period from each treatment, 3 fish were selected at to random.To asses the color change, the colorimetric system L*a*b* was used, using device CHROMA METER CR_40. There was no significant difference regarding all three factors. Generally, it can be concluded that the use of green skin of walnuts to fish food ration, cause no impact on some growth factors and as well as survival rate and food conversion rate, but the apparent color index impact was significanot(P≥0.05) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Survey of physicochemical properties and nutrients in surface waters of the southern Caspian Sea- Seasangan
A. Hamzehpour K. Darvish Bastami H. Bagheri A. Azimi A. Einali R. RahnamaThis study was conducted in the southern Caspian Sea region – Seasangan, to study physicochemical properties of surface waters (salinity, chemical productivity, alkalinity, pH, total suspended solid and dissolved oxygen). In this study, nutrients (phosphate, total MoreThis study was conducted in the southern Caspian Sea region – Seasangan, to study physicochemical properties of surface waters (salinity, chemical productivity, alkalinity, pH, total suspended solid and dissolved oxygen). In this study, nutrients (phosphate, total phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite and silicate) in surface waters was also investigated. Sampling was done in 12 stations in four vertical transects on autumn 2012. The results indicated Salinity range of 11.16- 11.30 g/kg, chemical productivity of 17.75- 18.27 mS/cm, dissolved oxygen of 8.25- 8.42 mg/lit, alkalinity of 187.5- 200 mg/lit as CaCO3, total suspended solid of 8- 12 mg/lit and pH range of 8.25- 8.42, respectivly. The concentrations of phosphate ranging from nd to 0.01 mg/lit, nitrite ( non detectable), total phosphours of 0.001 to 0.005 mg/lit, silicate of 0.064 to 0.221 mg/lit and nitrate of 0.011 to 0.071 mg/lit. There were not significant differences in nutrient levels, alkalinity and total suspended solid in transects (P> 0.05). The results showed that the nutrient levels in the Seasangan surface waters were lower compared to other regions in the southwest and southeast regions of the Caspian Sea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - Determination of nutritional value and mineral elements of red algae Hypnea flagelliformis from Bandar Abbas , Persian Gulf
Sh. Safaeian K. Larijani M. Talebzadeh Sh. ShabaniIn this study chemical composition (protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, Ash) and mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, I, P, Se, Mn, Zn, Cu) in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis of Persian Gulf coast in winter 2010 and spring 2011 were analyzed in triplicates. Results MoreIn this study chemical composition (protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, Ash) and mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, I, P, Se, Mn, Zn, Cu) in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis of Persian Gulf coast in winter 2010 and spring 2011 were analyzed in triplicates. Results showed that amount of energy in100 gr of red algae H. flagelliformis in spring was 179. 962 kcal and in winter it was169.872 kcal. Chemical analysis of H. flagelliformis red algae in winter showed that average amounts of protein, carbohydrates, fat, fiber and ash were %15.366 ± 0. 0283 ,%25.851 ± 0.12037,%0.556 ± 0.0351, %0.976 ± 0.0045 and %14.873 ± 0.040 dry weight respectively. Also in spring amounts of these factors were %17.851 ± 0.0045, %26.3003 ± 0.025, %0.3733 ± 0.0057, %1.177 ± 0.052 and %15.263 ± 0.0416 dry weight respectively. Most protein, carbohydrate and fiber belonged to spring algae. This is considerable because of high amount of protein in red algae than green algae and brown. The analysis of red algae H. flagelliformis showed that the average amount of this elements in winter was respectively, Fe (290.76 ± 0.1527), Mg (1286.6 ± 2.516), Ca (2618.6 ± 0.577), K (1638.9 ± 0.776), Na (1854.3 ± 2.081), I (6.338 ± 0.2749), P (56.3 ± 0.3), Se (44.7 ± 0.3605), Mn (4.94 ± 0.305), Zn (2.16 ± 0.208) and Cu (1.16 ± 0.0251) mg per 100 gr of dry matter. The amount of these elements in spring, was Fe (233.9 ± 2.891), Mg (1028 ± 2) , Ca (4356.3 ± 2.516) , K ( 1977.6 ± 5.631) , Na ( 2898.6 ± 0.577) , I (7.16 ± 0.05715) , P (53.6 ± 0.3) , Se (40.7 ± 0.2) , Mn (8.05 ± 0.02) , Zn ( 5.2 ±0.173) and Cu( 1. 43 ± 0.0378) mg per 100 gr of dry matter respectively. results showed that there is a significant difference between the average chemical composition, macro elements and micro elemans in winter and spring (P<0.01). Average iodine elements in two seasons didn’t show significant difference (P>0.01). The results of chemical analysis in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis suggest more investigations in case of high level of Iodine, Selenium, Iron, Magnesium, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium as a good supplement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - The effect of parsley (Petroselinum sativum) on growth factors of Rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss)
A. Zeinanloo Z. Khoshkhoo A. Vosoughi E. ZeinanlooThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of parsley (Petroselinum sativum)on growth factors of Rainbow trout. Therefore, from August to October 2014 6,000 Rainbow trout fish of 100 grams of weight in 3 treatments and 1 control group with 3 replications were fed. &n MoreThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of parsley (Petroselinum sativum)on growth factors of Rainbow trout. Therefore, from August to October 2014 6,000 Rainbow trout fish of 100 grams of weight in 3 treatments and 1 control group with 3 replications were fed. Diets consisted of 3 levels of parsley powder at 1%, 3% and 5%, respectively. In general, the highest weight was found in the last day of treatment number 3 samples with an average weight of 269 ± 24 g and the lowest on the first day of the control samples with an average weight of 146 ± 29 g The greatest increase in length was noticed in the treatment number 3 samples with an average length of 24/95 ± 2/12 cm and the least growth in length was observed in the samples from treatment number 1 with an average length of 23/4 ± 1/941 cm. One-way ANOVA test with Tukey HSD test showed strong significant difference among different treatments for weight gain and growth in length (P <0/05). Pearson correlation test showed a strong linear relationship between the increase in weight and length with the increase in the concentration of the parsley powder the whole period (P <0/05). Dried parsley (Petroselinum sativum) used in the study, showed significantly strong ability to influence growth performance and be used as feed for Rainbow trout. Therefore, we can probably say that dried parsley can be a good supplement to fish diet. Finally, it was diagnosed that parsley powder at 5.0 percent in the diet, is the optimum dosage for use in feed for trout in the long term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - The effect of vitamin C on some growth parameters and a number of hematological indices of blood serum of Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio)
F. Mirshahvalad M. KazemianThis study aims to investigate the effect of vitamin C with in the diet plan of Cyprinus carpio (Koi fish) will result in positive outcomes on the survival, growth performance and hematological parameters of these particular breeds. The purpose of this paper was t MoreThis study aims to investigate the effect of vitamin C with in the diet plan of Cyprinus carpio (Koi fish) will result in positive outcomes on the survival, growth performance and hematological parameters of these particular breeds. The purpose of this paper was to increase the production performance of ornamental fish species in the aquaculture with the aim to keep the time and costs to a minimum. In order to achieve these results, the author framed an experiment on 144 Koi fishes in four different groups (one control group and three treatment groups). Later on, all the four groups were fed with vitamin C rich diet (with the doze of, 200, 400, 600 mg per kg of dried ration) for two month. The biometric juveniles (total length and standard weight) of the subjects were measured every 14 days. Moreover, the calculation of growth rate, hematological rates and feeding the subjects were performed at the end of a two month time period. Results showed that addition of vitamin C in diets caused an increase in weight, in control group, whose diets were without vitamin C became in average 1.58 g, treatment 1 in average 1.73 g, treatment 2 in average 2.13 g and treatment 3 in average 4.4 g and increasing weight among groups had significant differences. Survival rates in control group was in average 84%, in treatment 1, 95%, in treatment 2, 95% and in treatment 3 was 97%, but there were no significant differences among groups. In studied fish we faced with increasing percentage of body weight of 39.71% in treatment 3 which has no significant differences with other groups. The most growth rate was assessed in treatment 3 (0.58) and it had significant difference with the control group only. Protein Efficiency Ratio in treatment 3 was in average 2g and it had no significant difference with other groups. There were no significant differences among these groups in number of white blood cells and the most number of white blood cells was assessed in control group.The number of lymphocytes were increased by the increase in the amount of vitamin C and the highest amount was reached in treatment 3, which was 70, but there was no significant difference in number of lymphocytes among groups. Finally based on results in present research, vitamin C with concentration of 600mg in kg in dry diets is recommended for increasing growth performance and hematological parameters in Koi fish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - Changes of chemical composition of brown algae Padina boergesenii collected from Qeshm coastal zone
Sh. Safaeian M.H. Givianrad Sh. FarzadmaneshIn this study chemical composition (ash, protein, fiber, fat and carbohydrates) and mineral contents (Na, Ca, K, Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Se and P) of Padina boergesenii collected from the Persian Gulf in the winter of 1389 and spring of 1390 have studied. Results indica MoreIn this study chemical composition (ash, protein, fiber, fat and carbohydrates) and mineral contents (Na, Ca, K, Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Se and P) of Padina boergesenii collected from the Persian Gulf in the winter of 1389 and spring of 1390 have studied. Results indicate that the nutritional value of brown algae Padina boergesenii was 114.37 kilo calories in the spring and 154.208 kilo calories in the winter. Chemical analysis of the brown alga Padina boergesenii indicated these amounts of Protein, ash, carbohydrates, fat and fiber: (%12.26 ± 0.015), (%13.28 ± 0.01), (%25.97 ± 5.634), (%0.14 ± 0.036) and (%4.67 ± 0.709) DW in the spring and (%12.63 ± 0.042), (11.14 ± 0.01), (%15.24 ± 0.649), (%0.32 ± 0.032) and (%3.8 ± 0.112) DW in the winter, respectively. Difference between the means of protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates in spring and winter is meaningful (P ≤ 0.05); difference between the means of fiber in mentioned seasons is (P ≥ 0.05). Analysis of mineral contents of brown algae Padina boergesenii indicates these amounts for Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Se were (1160.333 ± 19.85), (7554 ± 29.799), (10874.74 ± 1646.958), (10594.6 ± 692.67), (5569.33 ± 11.015) and (572 ± 9) ppm in the spring respectively also these values in the winter are (2265.667 ± 224.5982), (7820.93 ± 60.9008), (8728 ± 1032.42), (4612.97 ± 609.99), (6805.33 ± 154.212) and (526 ± 14.047) ppm respectively, therefore, it can be said that Potassium, Sodium and Selenium have higher amounts in the spring and difference between the means of potassium, iron, calcium, magnesium, selenium is meaningful in the brown algae Padina boergesenii (P ≤ 0.05); difference between the means of sodium is meaningless (P ≥ 0.05). Reference made to the results of this study regarding chemical and mineral composition specially Protein percentage and amounts of Selenium, Calcium, Potassium, Padina boergesenii is a recommended candidate as food supplement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - The effects of drought stress and foliar application micronutrients on growth yield and nutritional elements of black cumin ( Nigella sativa L. )
علی اکبر عاملیIn order to survey the effects of irrigation and foliar application of micronutrients on vegetative growth, yield and yield components black cumin ( Nigella sativa L. ), an experimental design was conducted in the research farm of North Khorasan agricultural and natural MoreIn order to survey the effects of irrigation and foliar application of micronutrients on vegetative growth, yield and yield components black cumin ( Nigella sativa L. ), an experimental design was conducted in the research farm of North Khorasan agricultural and natural resources research center in Bojnourd in 2009. Experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factors were irrigation intervals in three levels ( I1=7, I2= 14, I3=21 days ) and subfactors were foliar application micronutrients included M1 = control ( no foliar application ), M2= foliar application with the zinc ( concentration of three parts per thousand ), M3 = foliar application with the Boron ( concentration of two parts per thousand ), M4 = foliar application with the iron ( concentration of four parts per thousand ), and M5 foliar application with the mixture of above elements. Experiment results showed that the impact of irrigation intervals on plant height, branch number, number of capsules per plant, biological yield and seed number per plant , seeds per capsule, seed weight, harvest index percentage, and seed yield, was significant and decreased with increasing irrigation intervals. The effects of foliar application of micronutrients on plant height, branch number, number of capsules per plant, biological yield, and Fe, Zn, and Br concentration in plant organs was significant. Foliar application of micronutrients caused plant height, branch number, number of capsules per plant, biological yield and Fe, Zn, and Br concentration in plant to be increased. Foliar application of micronutrient and irrigation interaction on plant height and biological yield were noticeable. Seven days irrigation intervals and foliar application, the mixture of micronutrient treatment caused the highest plant height, biological yield and Fe, Zn, and Br concentration in plant organs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Isolation and molecular identification of bacterial bark canker in walnut and evaluation of bacteria pathogenicity on the seedling and immature walnuts fruits in Lorestan province
Vahid Amirsardari Mostafa Darvishniya Hossein MirzaeiBackground & Objectives: Bacterial canker in walnut is caused by Brenneria nigrifluens. The prevalence of this disease has been increasing in recent years and it is a serious threat to walnut tree in the appropriate conditions. The aim of this study was to isolate a MoreBackground & Objectives: Bacterial canker in walnut is caused by Brenneria nigrifluens. The prevalence of this disease has been increasing in recent years and it is a serious threat to walnut tree in the appropriate conditions. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the prevalence bacterial walnut canker in Lorestan and to determine their pathogenesis in the raw walnut. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 105 branches and trunk bark walnut trees suffering of the symptoms of shallow bark canker. After purification and isolation of the disease agents, the bacteria were identified based on phenotypic characteristics. Next, the results were analyze by Ntsys-pc version 2.02 software. The PCR reactions were performed for more accurate identification of the isolates. Overall, five bacterial isolates were selected to study their pathogenesis on the walnut fruits and trunks. Results: According to the results of phenotypic characteristics of isolates, these strains were classified as B. nigrifluens. Furthermore, based on numerical analysis of the strains with 94% similarity, these isolates were classified into four groups. All isolates produced an expected 255 bp band in the PCR reaction. These strains caused necrotic area on fruit with reddish brown ooze. Conclusion: The differential phenotypic tests, the pathogenicity test on the raw fruits and specific primers are reliable methods for diagnosis of the etiology of this disease. In our knowledge, the present study is the first report regarding the occurrence of this disease in Lorestan province and also first report of the pathogenicity of B. nigrifluens on fruit in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - Forage Quality of Endangered Species of Astragalus fridae Rech. F. in Semnan Province, Iran
Somayeh Naseri Mohamad Ali Adibi Mohamad Kia Kianian -
Open Access Article
335 - Effect of Halophyte Patches on Some Soil Properties of a Saline Rangeland Around Urmia Lake, Iran
Javad Motamedi Arezu Alizadeh Esmaeil Sheidai Karkaj -
Open Access Article
336 - Forage Yield and Quality of Desmodium dichotomum Accessions in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia
Hunegnaw Kassaw Tewodros Belay Yohannes Gebre -
Open Access Article
337 - Comparing Mineral and Chemical Compounds, in Vitro Gas Production and Fermentation Parameters of some Range Species in Torbat-e Jam, Iran
Mohsen Kazemi -
Open Access Article
338 - Forage Quality of Salsola yazdiana and S. tomentosa in Different Growth Stages in Saline Desert of Yazd Province, Iran
Mostafa Zare Ehsan Zandi Ardavan Ghorbani -
Open Access Article
339 - Nutritive Value of Some Rangeland Plants Compared to Medicago sativa
Mohsen Kazemi Reza Valizadeh -
Open Access Article
340 - Effect of Wheat Straw Biochar and Lignite on Nutritional Value of Nitraria schoberi and Astragalus podolobus in Greenhouse Condition
Seyyedeh Mohadeseh Ehsani Hamid Niknahad Gharmakher Javad Motamedi Mousa Akbarlou Esmaeil Sheidai Karkaj -
Open Access Article
341 - In vitro Gas Production and Fermentation Parameters of Some Plants Species Collected from Algerian Arid Rangelands
Souhil Boufennara Samir Medjekal Lyas Bouazza Amal Hamedellou Ibtissem Bella Nour Elhouda Ayeb Secunino Lopez -
Open Access Article
342 - Study of Diversity for Yield and Quality Traits in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Determination of the Best Population for Cultivation in Dryland Farming in Iran
Mohsen Farshadfar Mehdi Kakaei Yaser Salehabadi Zahra Baghaeifar Ali ashraf Jaffari -
Open Access Article
343 - Investigation of Forage Quality in Preferred Species by Camels in Aran and Bidgol Desert Rangelands, Kashan, Iran
Reza Dehghani Bidgoli -
Open Access Article
344 - Nutritional Characteristics of Some Medicinal-Range Plant Species Grazed by Small Ruminants in Torbat-e Jam Region of Iran
Mohsen Kazemi Elias Ibrahimi Khoram Abadi Reza Tohidi -
Open Access Article
345 - Seasonal Changes of Nutritive Values and Digestibility of Range Forage of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran
Gholamreza Shadnoush Mohammad Hassan Jouri Diana Askarizadeh Vahid Rahimi Kakroodi -
Open Access Article
346 - Simulation Model for a Nomadic Animal Production System in Southern Iran
Gh. R. Badjian Dahlan Ismail M. Sh. Othman A.A. Mehrabi -
Open Access Article
347 - Effects of Super-Absorbent Polymers (SAPs) Plus Manure Treatments on Vegetation Cover and Soil Nutrients of Festuca ovina under Drought Stress
Mahshid Souri Javad Motamedi -
Open Access Article
348 - Comparison of Ecological Patches' Potentials and Functions in Rangeland Ecosystems (Case Study: Qahavand Rangelands, Hamedan Province, Iran)
Reza Kavandi Habib Gholamali Heshmati Hamid Siroosi -
Open Access Article
349 - Estimating Nitrogen and Acid Detergent Fiber Contents of Grass Species using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS)
Hossein Arzani Anvar Sanaei Alen V. Barker Sahar Ghafari Javad Motamedi -
Open Access Article
350 - Potential of Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) to Predict Nutrient Composition of Bromus tomentellus
Hossein Arzani Anvar Sour Javad Motamedi -
Open Access Article
351 - Investigation of the Effect of Biological Stabilization Practice on Some Soil Parameters (North East of Iran)
Somayeh Naseri Mohammad Ali Adibi Seyed Akbar Javadi Mohammad Jafari Mohammad Zadbar -
Open Access Article
352 - EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE RED CELL ON NUTRITIONAL TRANSPORT IN CAPILLARY-TISSUE EXCHANGE SYSTEM
Nirmala P Ratchagar Vijaya Kumar -
Open Access Article
353 - The effect of sowing date on peanut seed vigor and yield
zahra rastegar Farshid Ghaderi-Far Hamidreza Sadeghipour Ebrahim ZeinaliDetermination of proper time for planting and harvesting has special importance. For determination of proper time of maturity with high vigor and yield, an experiment was conducted in two crop years in complete block design in research station of Gorgan University of Ag MoreDetermination of proper time for planting and harvesting has special importance. For determination of proper time of maturity with high vigor and yield, an experiment was conducted in two crop years in complete block design in research station of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR). In first and second year the study was performed in five and two planting dates respectively. The Sampling repeats weekly when seed developed in pods and were transferred immediately to the laboratory. Seed germination and moisture content was determined and electrical conductivity test was measured after drying the seeds. Results showed that seed moisture content in final stage, germination percentage, electrical conductivity, seeds filling rate, seed filling period and seedling vigor were significantly affected by planting date. Seeds which planted early had lower moisture content in harvest time and higher germination percentage than seeds which planted late. Different sowing date significantly affected seed yield in the first year, while in the second year delay sowing had no significant effect on total seed yield. Reduce seed filling period in late planting date of first year and facing this period with the end of season rainfall led to significant decrease in seed vigor and quality. results suggested between weather parameters, temperature and rainfall during seed filling period had significant effects on peanut seed vigor and yield. So adjusting planting date according to location weather condition could results high quality and vigor seeds in harvest time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Effect of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on concentration of nutrient elements in Bakraee and Sour orange seedlings
Y. Karami Mohammad Mehdi Faghihi Y. Hosseini R. Rezazadeh A. ShahryariThis research was carried out to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on concentration of some mineral nutrients in seedlings of Bakraee and sour orange. The experiment involved a factorial combination of two species Bakraee (natural hybrid o MoreThis research was carried out to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on concentration of some mineral nutrients in seedlings of Bakraee and sour orange. The experiment involved a factorial combination of two species Bakraee (natural hybrid of citrus) and sour orange (Citrus aurantium) and three culture media (non-sterile soil without fungi, sterile soil without fungi, and sterile soil with mycorrhizal fungi) in a completely randomized design. Seeds of Bakraee and sour orange were sown in pots containing different culture media. The studied attributes were concentration of phosphorous (P), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) in shoots. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in concentration of these nutrient elements in shoot of mycorrhizal treated sour oranges compared to non-mycorrhizal ones. The concentration of nutrient elements was more in shoot of Bakraee inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus, and significant difference (P<0.05) was observed (except for iron) compared to non-inoculated sterile soil. In conclusion, the results showed that G. intraradices increased the concentration of phosphorous, iron, zinc, manganese and copper in shoots of Bakraee and sour orange seedlings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - The Effects of Vermicompost and Urea Fertilizers on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Uptake in Marshmallow (Altheae officinalis L.) Organs
A. Sadeghi K. Hajmohammadnia S.M. SeiediIn order to investigate the effects of vermicompost and urea chemical fertilizers on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in marshmallow (Altheae officinalis L.) organs, a field experiment was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Ira MoreIn order to investigate the effects of vermicompost and urea chemical fertilizers on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in marshmallow (Altheae officinalis L.) organs, a field experiment was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in years of 2012. Experiment was conducted using a completely randomized block design based on factorial arrangement with three replications. Experimental treatments were three levels of vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 t. ha-1) and five levels of urea fertilizer (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of 200 kg N ha-1). Irrespective of urea fertilizer, vermicompost application had an effective role on increasing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentages in seed, leaf and root of marshmallow. By applying 10 t vermicompost ha-1, phosphorus percentage in seed of marshmallow was increased by 29.5 %, as compared to control treatment. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in seed, leaf and root of marshmallow (g. m-2) were significantly increased by vermicompost application. From the results, urea fertilizer caused a significant increase on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentages in seed, leaf and root of marshmallow. According to the results, there was a positive relationship between nitrogen uptake with phosphorus and potassium uptake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Effect of micro-elements of Fe, Zn and Mn on some characteristics of Borage (Borago officinalis L.)
Azizollah kheiry محمد ویسی Mohsen SanikhaniIn order to evaluate the effect of micronutrients of iron, zinc and manganese on characteristics of borage, an experiment conducted in the base of randomized complete block design with three replications at University of Zanjan in 2015. Treatments were levels of 0 (cont MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of micronutrients of iron, zinc and manganese on characteristics of borage, an experiment conducted in the base of randomized complete block design with three replications at University of Zanjan in 2015. Treatments were levels of 0 (control), 3 and 6 per thousand of micronutrients of Fe, Zn and Mn with total of 15 treatments. Foliar micronutrients applied in both stem elongation and flowering stages. Results showed that Highest 1000-seed weight and Seed yield obtained in combination of 3 g/lit iron and zinc (Fe1+Zn1) treatment and the highest number of inflorescences were in treatment of zinc and manganese at 3 g/lit (Zn1+Mn1). Foliar application of iron, zinc and manganese (Fe1+Zn1+Mn1) 3 g/lit, showed the greatest effects on the content of chlorophyll and anthocyanin. Combination of iron and manganese at 6 g/lit (Fe2+Mn2) had the greatest impact on seed oil content and foliar application of iron plus manganese 3 g/lit (Fe1+Mn1) had the greatest impact on the level of Peroxidase. In conclusion, the results showed that the application of micronutrients of iron, zinc and manganese had significant effects on indices such as: Seed yield, Oil percentage, 1000-seed weight, chlorophyll and anthocyanin content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Study the effects of mychorryisa fungus on vegetative growth and nutrient uptake in three apple cultivars ('Red delicious', 'Golden delicious' and 'Starking')
Maryam Dehestani-Ardakani Zeinab Mohasedat Kazem KamliThis study aimed to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal Fungi on growth characteristics and nutrient uptake in three apple varieties. Experiments were performed according to complete block design in a split plot randomized with eight replications. The treatments were MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal Fungi on growth characteristics and nutrient uptake in three apple varieties. Experiments were performed according to complete block design in a split plot randomized with eight replications. The treatments were consisted of four levels of mycorrhiza (0, 70, 100 and 120 grams per pot) and three varieties of apples (‘Red Delicious’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Starking’). Some characteristics consisted of leaf area, leaf number, plant height and diameter, fresh and dry weight of leaves, chlorophyll a and b, phosphorus, nitrogen, zinc and copper were measured. The results showed that the use of mycorrhizal fungi in the apple growth media, significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf number and chlorophyll a and b compared to the control. Inoculation of AM fungi were non-significant on leaf N status and decreased leaf P content of apple plantlets but leaf N and P uptake were increased compared to uninoculated control. By the application of AM fungi, Fe and Zn content of leaves decreased. The highest Fe and Zn leaf uptake was obtained in ‘Red delicious’ treated by 70 g AMF fertilizer per pot. According to the results, 70 gr mycorrhizal per pot had more effect to vegetative growth and nutrient uptake of apple plantlets. So, this amount of fertilizer, is advised for apple plantlets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - The effects of density and application of iron and zinc on yield and quality of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa)
abdolreza borji abad M. گلوی M. RamrodiIn order to evaluate the effect of density, soil and foliar application iron and zinc on yield and quality of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), an experiment was performed in split plot design in randomized complete block design with three replications in Zabol University. MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of density, soil and foliar application iron and zinc on yield and quality of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), an experiment was performed in split plot design in randomized complete block design with three replications in Zabol University. Density was at three levels 2, 4 and 6 plants per square meter, as the main cause of micronutrient intake in five levels, sprayed with chelated iron 6% rate 4 per thousand, sprayed with chelated zinc rate 2 per thousand, soil application of chelated iron 6% to 50 kg, and soil application of chelated zinc15% to 50 kg per hectare, was performed. The spraying with water was considered as a secondary factor. The results showed that most quantitative traits including plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, number seeds per plant, weight and dried sepals and biological yield of boll were affected by density. The most wet and dry weight of sepals were obtained in density six plant density,. Sepals much dry so that the density of 6 plants per square meter than 2 density was 200% increased. Effect of soil and foliar application of micronutrients showed significant increase in the number of bolls, biological yield, weight of 1000 seeds, number of branches, number of seeds per plant, wet and dry weight sepals, and amount of anthocyanin and protein sepals. Based on the results of this study, to achieve maximum performance of dry sepals, six plants with foliar application of zinc can be recommended as a suitable treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Effect of different crops rotation with rice, N rate and N split application on crop grain yield
Sajjad Rezaei Noupashani Hashem AminpanahTo evaluate the effect of previous crop, N rate and N split application on rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hashemi) growth and paddy yield, a field experiment was conducted at Sowma'ehSara, Guilan province, in 2014 as a split-factorial arrangement based on Randomized Complete MoreTo evaluate the effect of previous crop, N rate and N split application on rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hashemi) growth and paddy yield, a field experiment was conducted at Sowma'ehSara, Guilan province, in 2014 as a split-factorial arrangement based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Main plots were previous crop [Berseem clover, faba bean, and control (fallow)] and subplots were the factorial arrangement of N rate (50, 75, and 100 percent of N recommended rate which was 50, 75 and 100 kg Urea ha-1, respectively) and N split application (100 percent at transplanting stage, 100 percent at tillering stage, and 50 percent at transplanting stage and 50 percent at panicle initiation). Results showed that rice paddy yield was significantly affected by previous crop and N rate, but N split application had no significant effect on paddy yield. The highest paddy yield (4142.8 kg ha-1) was obtained when rice was cultivated after berseem clover and the lowest paddy yield (3494.0 kg ha-1) was obtained when rice was cultivated after faba bean. Rice paddy yield was increased significantly by 8% as N application rate increased from 50 to 78 kg urea ha-1, but further increase in N rate (100 kg urea ha-1) had no significant effect on paddy yield. Based on the result of this experiment, the highest rice paddy (4142.8 kg ha-1) was obtained when rice was cultivated after berseem clover and N was applied at the rate of 75 kg urea ha-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Effect of various fertilizer sources on growth and hay yield of alfalfa
محمدرضا نادریOptimum plant nutrition has an important role in improving its growth and yield and increasing the inputs use efficiency. The current study was performed with the aim of evaluating the effect of various fertilizer sources, including biofertilizer containing the Rhizobiu MoreOptimum plant nutrition has an important role in improving its growth and yield and increasing the inputs use efficiency. The current study was performed with the aim of evaluating the effect of various fertilizer sources, including biofertilizer containing the Rhizobium meliloti, sea weed extract, fertilizer containing micronutrients and urea on growth and yield of alfalfa during 2015 at Varamin complex of agriculture and animal husbandry as factorial experiment in the form of complete randomized design with three replications. Results showed that foliar application of urea and soil application of biofertilizer did not have a significant effect on growth and yield of alfalfa. Whereas, foliar application of sea weed extract and multimill fertilizer (containing micronutrients) resulted in increasing the hay yield of alfalfa by 12.7 and 24.7%, respectively. Furthermore, foliar application of micronutrient had a greater effect on hay yield of alfalfa than the sea weed extract, as the yield increment resulted from foliar application of micronutrient was 12 percent more than that obtained from foliar application of sea weed extract. Therefore, results of this study showed that foliar application of sea weed extract and fertilizer containing micronutrients can increase the yield and inputs use efficiency of alfalfa through improving its growth parameters and production of higher dry matter per unit of inputs used by plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Investigation the Effect of Different Fertilizing Levels from Various Sources on Yield, and Grain Quality of Sweet Corn
Mohammad Javad Fereidooni Eisa Maghsoudi Ali Mojabghasroldashti Yaaghoub BehzadiIn order to investigation the effects of different fertilizing levels on qualitative and quantitative yield of sweet corn, an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012 at Marvdasht, Fars province, Iran. Experimental tre MoreIn order to investigation the effects of different fertilizing levels on qualitative and quantitative yield of sweet corn, an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012 at Marvdasht, Fars province, Iran. Experimental treatments were including different fertilizer sources 1) 200 kg ha-1 pure nitrogen, 2) 300 kg ha-1 pure nitrogen, 3) 8 ton ha-1 poultry manure, 4) 24 ton ha-1 solid waste compost, 5) 150 kg pure nitrogen + 2 ton poultry manure per, 6) 100 kg pure nitrogen + 4 ton poultry manure, 7) 150 kg pure nitrogen + 6 ton solid waste compost, 8) 100 kg pure nitrogen + 12 ton solid waste compost and 9) control (non-fertilizer). The results indicated that the effects of different fertilizing levels were significant on grain canned yield, fresh forage, biological, plant height, length and diameter ear as well as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of grain. The heights grain canned yield (931 grm-2), fresh forage (2376 grm-2) and biological (4554 grm-2) was obtained from 100 kg pure nitrogen + 4 ton poultry manure treatment. Also maximum nitrogen content (2.27 percent) and phosphorus (0.42 percent) was observed at 300 kg ha-1 pure nitrogen and 8 ton ha-1 poultry manure treatment, respectively. The use of organic fertilizer as integrated with chemical fertilizer can be suitable method for decreasing application of chemical fertilizer to increasing the quantity yield and improvement the quality of sweet corn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Nutritional values of Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M. Bieb. and Halostachys caspica (Pall.) C. A. Meyer in different phenological stages (Case study: north-western rangelands of Golestan province)
Majid Sharifi-Rad غلامعلی حشمتی محمد باقر باقریه نجارThis research was performed to determine the nutritional values of Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica and study the effects of different phenological stages (vegetative, flowering, seeding) on the chemical composition in these species. The results showed th MoreThis research was performed to determine the nutritional values of Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica and study the effects of different phenological stages (vegetative, flowering, seeding) on the chemical composition in these species. The results showed that crude protein, ADF, NDF, DDM, ash, EE, ME, DMI, RFV, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc, iron and manganese were different significantly in different phenological stages (p<0.05). With the growth progress, ADF and NDF increased but crude protein, DDM, DMI, ME and RFV decreased significantly in both species (P<0.05). Results showed that H. caspica had better quality than H. Strobilaceum (RFV: H. caspica> H. strobilaceum). The content of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese measured at different growth stages, were more than critical level for ruminants.; however, the content of phosphorus and zinc were less than critical level. Generally, mineral elements of two species are provided all elements livestock needs, except zinc and phosphorus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - Effects of Biological Fertilizer Spray and Planting Date on Yield and Yield Components of cowpea Vigna unguiculata In Bastam Shahrood
A. Nahardani جعفر Masoud Sinaki H. Abaspour saeid gharib boloukA field experiment laid out in the factorial spli-plot arrangement using the randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted to study the effects of date of planting, time of spraying fertilizer (multi-micronutrient EDT chelate), and cultivars on MoreA field experiment laid out in the factorial spli-plot arrangement using the randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted to study the effects of date of planting, time of spraying fertilizer (multi-micronutrient EDT chelate), and cultivars on yield and yield components of cowpea. The treatments included three levels of planting date (6 May, 16 May, and 26 May) as the major factor , three fertilizer spray levels (60, 70, and 80 days after planting) and two cultivars ( Bastami and Ghadim) as the minor factors. Results of the table of ANOVA indicated the traits of number of pods per plant and seed yield were influenced by the treatments of planting date, cultivar, and sprays at the 1% probability level. The Bastami cultivar yielded more pods per plant and higher seed yield compared to the Ghadim cultivar. Fertilizer spray on the 80th day after planting had the maximum effect on seed yield (3.17 t / ha). Under the individual effect of planting date, the largest number of pods per plant and the maximum 1000-seed weight were observed in the treatment of planting on 6 May. The mutual effects of planting date and fertilizer spray on the number of pods per plant were significant at the 1% probability level, and the combination treatment of 6 May planting date fertilizer spray on the 80th day after planting had the largest number of pods per plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - The effect of different phosphorous fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) under with and without pigweed (Amaranths retroflexus)
سیروس منصوری فر مسعود کرکه آبادی A. FallahIn this research grain yield and yield components of corn were examined under competition with pigweed on P in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The treatments included planting methods: pure corn, corn /pigweed int MoreIn this research grain yield and yield components of corn were examined under competition with pigweed on P in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The treatments included planting methods: pure corn, corn /pigweed intercropping and pure pigweed; and P amount in five levels: 0 (as control), 80, 160, 240 and 320 kg ha-1 as triple superphosphate resource. The results showed that P fertilization as 320 kg ha-1 increased grain number in ear (41.6%), thousand grain weight (19.2%), grain yield (33.4%) and biological yield (31.8%) of corn, as well as, plant height (27.0%) and dry weight (34.3%) of pigweed in pure culture. However, thousand grain weight of corn in the last P level (320 kg ha-1) and plant height and dry weight of pigweed in last two levels of P (240 and 320 kg ha-1) in intercropping were reduced. Intercropping of pigweed had negative effect on yield and yield components of corn, especially in lower P levels; while there is no significant effect in highest P level. This means that P had positive effect on competitiveness of corn against pigweed. Overall, for achieving to greater competition ability of corn against weeds such as pigweed and lower cost, 240 kg ha-1 P fertilizer can be recommended for future investigations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Effect of foliar application nano iron chelate on Yield and growth traits of chickpea cultivars.
Younes mir Mashaalah daneshvar Farhad Nazarian Hamed KhosraviTo evaluate the effect of iron foliar feeding of micronutrient on yield and yield components of chickpea, a factorial experiment with two factors in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted (crop season, 2012-2013). Factors were Azad, Has MoreTo evaluate the effect of iron foliar feeding of micronutrient on yield and yield components of chickpea, a factorial experiment with two factors in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted (crop season, 2012-2013). Factors were Azad, Hashem, ILC482 line as cultivar and iron chelated fertilizer foliar application(one, two and three part per thousand). The results of the study showed that the effect of iron fertilizer × cultivar on Plant height, pod length, number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and seed yield was significantly(p≤.05) and the characteristics of unfilled pods, seed weight and biological yield of peas had no significantly(p≤.05). The highest number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant and biological yield was obtained from combination ILC482 line in three per thousands foliar fertilizer iron nano chelate. ILC482 line Produced The highest grain yield (1296 and 1238 kg/ he-1) was obtained when both 2 and 3 part per thousand iron micronutrient was used, the interaction of. Due to lower production costs and environmental considerations, it is recomneded to apply two part per thousands of iron nano chelated foliar fertilizer (manufactured by issuing Ahrar East) ILC482 line to achieve reasonable yield for rainfed conditions in the region and other region with similar climates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Effect of foliar application time of complete fertilizer micronutrients on yield and yield components of mungbean(Vigna radiata L.) under drought stress
mahmood tohidiAbstract To study the effect of time of application of complete micro(micro-nutrient) fertilizer on mungbean with yield and yield components, an experiment was counducted under drought stress in north Khuzestan(Dezful)as split plots arranged an Randomized Complete Bloc MoreAbstract To study the effect of time of application of complete micro(micro-nutrient) fertilizer on mungbean with yield and yield components, an experiment was counducted under drought stress in north Khuzestan(Dezful)as split plots arranged an Randomized Complete Block Designs(RCBD) with three replicates in 2012. Experimental factors were drough stress in three leves(120, 180 and 240 mm evaporation) as the main-plot factors, and foliar time in four levels(non-foliar, foliar in vegetative phase, foliar in flowering phase, foliar in poding phase)as sub-plot. Results showed that the grain yield, yield components such as number of pods per unit of area, number grain per pod, grain thousand weight and biological yield and harvest index under drought stress treatments, foliar application time and were their interaction. Micro-nutrient foliar increased grain yield in all treatment under drough stress, so that the highest grain yield was for the stress 120mm evaporation and foliar in vegetative amount 2304 kg/ha and lowest grain yield the stress 240mm evaporation and non-foliar amount 521 kg/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Effect of flooding in the reproductive stage and Methods fertilization on growth and biological nitrogen fixation in soybeans
mohammad khadempir سرالله گالشی افشین سلطانی فرشید قادری فرTo study the effect of waterlogging stress on dry matter accumulation, leaf area, number and nodule diameter nitrogen fixation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar DPX. Experiment was done at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorga MoreTo study the effect of waterlogging stress on dry matter accumulation, leaf area, number and nodule diameter nitrogen fixation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar DPX. Experiment was done at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in factorial with two factors. Factors included nutritional levels at three levels: (1 - inoculated with bacteria Japonicum bradyrhizobium 2 - non-inoculated plus nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg/ha urea) 3 - non-inoculated without nitrogen fertilizer) . The second factor was flooding stress periods (0, 5, 10 and 15 days). Flooding of soybean plants was in the reproductive growth stage (R2). The results showed duration flooding leaf surface and leaf dry weight were reduced by an average of 55% compared to control and root dry weight and root volume were increased by an average of 10 percent.Inoculation with bacteria form nodules were observed without fertilizer. With increasing duration of flooding stress nodes per plant, nodule diameter and nodule dry weight decreased. The nutritional levels of nitrogen fertilizer plus the non-inoculated into minimal impact from the flooding stress was . and nutritional parameters measured at the surface of the drop was less than control flooding stress have the greatest impact on nutritional levels had non-inoculated without fertilizerThe results indicate that it is desirable if soybean be fed by nitrogen fertilizer losses from the flooding will see fewer And the results showed a significant reduction of saturated nitrogen fixing nodules on soybean is . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Yield and yield components response of cotton to potash source and zinc amount in saline condition
mohammad Armin حمید حاجی نژادYield and yield components of cotton to potash source and zinc amount application under saline condition was studied as a factorial experiment based on randomized block design with three replication in Bardaskan's Astan Ghods Razavi farm research at 2011-2012. Factors w MoreYield and yield components of cotton to potash source and zinc amount application under saline condition was studied as a factorial experiment based on randomized block design with three replication in Bardaskan's Astan Ghods Razavi farm research at 2011-2012. Factors were Potash source (Potassium nitrate, potassium sulphate and potassium chloride (100 kg.ha-1 K2O) and different levels of Zinc (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg.ha-1 as Zinc sulfate). The experiment was conducted on 8.2 and 9 ds.m-1 soil and water electrical conductivity. The results showed that Potash source and Zinc amount had significant effect on plant height, number of boll, boll weight, seed cotton yield, lint percentage and earliness. Application of potash (70 kg.ha-1) as Potassium nitrate was better than other source for all traits. Although, There was no significant difference between 40 and 60 kg.ha-1 Zinc application but increasing of zinc level to 60 kg.ha-1 increased plant height (23.46%), number of boll (17.01%), boll weight (15.58%), seed cotton yield (23.38%), lint percentage (4.66%) and earliness (4.86%) compared than control. Overall, Zinc improved plant growth under salt-affected soil conditions and 40 Kg.ha-1 zinc application and potash (70 kg.ha-1) as Potassium nitrate were enhanced yield and yield components of cotton. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Effect of Superabsorbent Combination and Vermicompost on Yield and Yield Components of Chickpea under Dry Land Farming Conditions
Mahnaz Farhadi payam pezeshkpourIn order to study the effects of superabsorbent polymer and vermicompost on yield and yield components of chickpea, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replications on 2014-2015 cropping year in Alashtar town, MoreIn order to study the effects of superabsorbent polymer and vermicompost on yield and yield components of chickpea, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replications on 2014-2015 cropping year in Alashtar town, Lorestan, Iran. First factor was superabsorbent polymer at four levels (including control, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha) and second factor was vermicompost at three levels (including control, 7.5 and 15 ton/ha). According to results, mean comparison showed that highest grain yield (943.6 kg/ha) was associated to third level of superabsorbent (200 kg/ha) and non-application of vermicompost indicating increase compared to control. Based on results, highest grain yield (831.4 kg/ha) was related to third level of superabsorbent representing 20.4 percent increase compared to control. Also, highest grain yield (798.4 kg/ha) observed in 15 ton/ha vermicompost representing 12.3 percent increase compared to control. Application of vermicompost and superabsorbent in wheat at dry farming conditions, caused prominent improvement in growth and growth indices. This positive impact could be attributed to stimulating activity of soil beneficial microbes through vermicompost and its ability to improving macro- and micro-nutrients uptake as well as ability to absorbing and holding water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Effect of harvest dates on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) cv. Hayward in Guilan province
Ebrahim Farzam Ebrahim Abedigheshlaghi Hossein Shahbazi Aliakbar Imani Marefat Mostafavirad Kazem Najafi Reza RezaeiIn order to determine the optimum harvesting date in direction to improve the quality attributes, antioxidant and storage capacity in Hayward kiwifruit, this experiment were performed based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2012-2013 cro MoreIn order to determine the optimum harvesting date in direction to improve the quality attributes, antioxidant and storage capacity in Hayward kiwifruit, this experiment were performed based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2012-2013 cropping season in western north of Guilan province, Astara, Iran. The studied treatment were including of five harvest dates of kiwifruit such as 17, 23 and 30 Oct. and 7 and 14 Nov. 2013. Based on results of this experiment, the effect of harvesting date was significant on all measured traits in Hayward kiwifruit except for fruit density and vitamin C. The highest degree of kiwifruit firmness (9.35 kg. cm-2) and their soluble solids content (6.6 %) were observed at 23 Oct. and 14 Nov. 2013, respectively. Delayed harvesting of kiwifruit decreased total titratable acidity. But, antioxidant capacity of kiwifruit enhanced response to delayed harvesting date. Also, in this experiment there was negative and significant correlation between antioxidant capacity and total titratable acidity of kiwifruit (r= - 0.74**). But, the correlation coefficient between kiwifruit firmness and antioxidant capacity was positive and significant (r= 0.70**). In addition, the correlation coefficient between soluble solids and firmness was negative and significant (r= - 0.82**). Delayed harvesting up to 14 Nov. 2013 caused to increase the content of soluble solids and antioxidant capacity and enhancement of shelf life ability in Hayward kiwifruit. In general, the date of 14 Nov. 2013 can be recommendable to harvest Hayward kiwifruit and prolonging of its shelf life in region climatic condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Effects of of nitrogen fertilizer and growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield component of fennel (Foeniculum vulgar Mill.)
abbas valibeigi zohrab adaviOne of the fundamental principle in sustainable agriculture is use of bio-fertilizers in agro-ecosystems in order to eliminate or reduce the use of chemical inputs. In order to evaluate the effect of application of nitrogen fertilizer and growth promoting rhizobacteria MoreOne of the fundamental principle in sustainable agriculture is use of bio-fertilizers in agro-ecosystems in order to eliminate or reduce the use of chemical inputs. In order to evaluate the effect of application of nitrogen fertilizer and growth promoting rhizobacteria on fennel on yield and yield component, a factorial experiment conducted on the basis of completely randomized block design with three replicates at Agricultural Research Station of Ilam in the spring of 2015. Experimental treatments were seed inoculation with biofertilizer (Azospirillum/Azotobacter) at two levels (seed inoculation and non inoculation) and nitrogen chemical fertilizer at four levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha-1). With increasing N consumption from 0 to 120 kg/ha-1 of the recommended, significantly increased plant height, number of branches per plant, umbels per plant, number of seed per umbel, 1000-seed weight, biological yield and seed yield up to 15.4, 14.7, 13.8, 11.6, 12.9, 18.3 and 16.5 percent, respectively. Also, in comparison with non-inoculation treatment, inoculation treatment increased number of branches per plant, umbels per plant and 1000- seed weight up to 16.2, 15.5 and 11.5 percent, respectively. Mean comparisons for interaction of N fertilizer × biofertilizer indicated that the treatment of seed inoculation with consumption of 40 kg/ha-1 recommended N, produced the highest seed yield. On the other hand, this treatment in addition to produce satisfactory yield, considerably decreased nitrogen fertilizer consumption which could be a step toward healthy production and sustainable agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Study of Nitrogen Nutrition Index, Seedling Index, Concentration Nitrogen and Wheat Yield in Different Nutritional Regimens
Akram Moeinirad Ebrahim Zeynali Afshin Soltani Serolah GaleshiNitrogen and phosphorus are much in demand in plant and is known as elements limiting growth and yield in crops. In order to study yield, nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), Chlorophyll index and nitrogen concentration under different regimes nutrition in wheat, a factorial MoreNitrogen and phosphorus are much in demand in plant and is known as elements limiting growth and yield in crops. In order to study yield, nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), Chlorophyll index and nitrogen concentration under different regimes nutrition in wheat, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design with four replications was done on the research field of Golestan province during growing seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. The experimental factors were there net nitrogen fertilizer rates of 0, 75 and 150 kg N ha-1 and five net phosphorus fertilizer rates of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg P ha-1 .According to the results, traits under study in each three stage follow from simple linear regression model, as in each level nitrogen from different levels phosphorus, with increase rate of consumed phosphorus, traits under study were prospered from increasing trend and the maximum traits were recorded with 80 kg P ha-1 that yield was not showed significantly difference analysis with consumption of 60 kg P ha-1. Also The results this experiment showed that very strong relation is between nitrogen nutrition index(NNI), chlorophyll index and nitrogen available to plant, In view of the fact that measurement concentration nitrogen is very costly, take up time and need to expensive equipment, so measurement chlorophyll index by hand chlorophyll meter and transportable is very comfortable. in addition on nitrogen, phosphorus must be considered, also in order to reach to maximum yield consumption of 60 kg P net ha-1 is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - The effec of levels of urea and compost on yield and yield components of Rice (Hashemi CV.) in Roudsarregion
sarvar Alibabaei Hamid reza DoroudianAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Urea and compost to the yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Hashemi) in Roudsar city in 2015. The experimental design was split plot in a randomized complete blocks design with t MoreAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Urea and compost to the yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Hashemi) in Roudsar city in 2015. The experimental design was split plot in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Experiment factors consisted of 3 levels of urea fertilizer including: control (0), 50 and 100 kg Urea/ha-1 and compost in 4 levels was including: control, 5, 10 and 20 ton ha-1. Results of Experiment showed that Urea rates had significant effect on 1000 seed weight. Compost had significant effect on plant height, number of panicle m-2, number of panicle in plant, number of grain in per panicle grain yield and 1000 seed weight. Also interaction of different levels of Urea and compost was significant on plant height, 1000 seed weight, and grain yield. Maximum rice yield (6667 kg/ha) was observed in 100 kg Urea/ha and 10 ton compost/ha, that shows it could be reduced in N fertilizer with compost usage. Integrating Urea and compost is necessary to obtain maximum yield in rice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Nutritional value of two plant species containing Salvia hydrangea and Sophora alopecuroides in two phenological stages
Mohsen Kazemi Reza ValizadehNowadays, the nutritional dimensions of some range and mountain plants for livestock are somewhat unclear, while awareness of the nutritional value of these plants can help the animal husbandries to provide an ideal diet. Hence, some chemical compounds, minerals, gas pr MoreNowadays, the nutritional dimensions of some range and mountain plants for livestock are somewhat unclear, while awareness of the nutritional value of these plants can help the animal husbandries to provide an ideal diet. Hence, some chemical compounds, minerals, gas production parameters and other fermentation parameters of two plant species (including Salvia hydrangea and Sophora alopecuroides) growable in rangelands of Torbat-e Jam (spring 2018) were determined in two phenological growth stages (vegetative and flowering) and then they were compared in a completely randomized design using SAS software. Different chemical and mineral compounds were observed between the two plants and their two different growth stages. The highest amount of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber (42.40 and 30.60%, respectively) and acid detergent lignin (11.88%) were related to Sophora alopecuroides in flowering phase and the highest amount of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium was observed in the vegetative phase. Gas production parameters and other fermentation parameters were also different between two plants, so that the highest amount of gas production after 12, 24 and 48 h incubation (40.76, 51.25, 53.98 ml), potential gas production (57.19 ml), organic matter and dry matter digestibility (65.90 and 69.30%, respectively), metabolizable energy (9.29 MJ/kg DM), net energy for lactation (5.54 MJ/kg DM), and total volatile fatty acids (56.85 mmol/L) were observed in vegetative stage of Salvia hydrangea. Both two studied plants, especially in the vegetative stage, have a fairly good nutritional value, but according to the laboratory results, Salvia hydrangea seems to have a higher nutritional potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Response of growth, development and yield of peanut to changes in temperature and carbon dioxide
سید علی نورحسینی Afshin Soltani Hossein AjamnorooziIn order to evaluate the effect of temperature changes at carbon dioxide concentrations on the growth, development and yield of peanuts (cultivar North Carolina 2), SSM-Peanut model was used. The SSM-peanut model was used to run different scenarios including combination MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of temperature changes at carbon dioxide concentrations on the growth, development and yield of peanuts (cultivar North Carolina 2), SSM-Peanut model was used. The SSM-peanut model was used to run different scenarios including combination of -1, -2, -3, -4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 oC changes in temperature and CO2 concentration of 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700 ppm. This study was performed using data from field experiments conducted in Astaneh Ashrafieh. Simulation were applied using actual meteorological data of the period 2007-2015 from Kiashahr Synoptic Station (37o23' N, 49o53' E) for future conditions and under all scenarios. The results showed that the temperature reduction compared to the current conditions, increased the day to the phonological stages in peanuts. So that, days to maturity increased from 135 to 166 days. However, fluctuation in temperature from 1 to 5oC decreased days to maturity from 135 to 116 days. Reducing the temperature compared to the current conditions reduced the yield of peanuts. So, in the present situation, the yield of seeds and pods decreased by 40%, with a decrease of 4°C. But increase in CO2 concentration will compensate this decrease, So that by reducing the temperature of 4 °C at the concentration of 550 ppm CO2 resulted in a 37% decrease in peanut yields. Increasing temperature of 2 °C resulted to increase grain yield and peanut pod by 8%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Comparison of some nutritional and fermentative parameters of silage produced from maize (Zea mays L.) of single cross 704 cultivar during dent Stage
Mohsen KazemiAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and some fermentation parameters of whole-crop corn forage (WCCF, Single cross 704 cultivar) collected at the dent stage, before and after ensiling. A whole sample of forage corn was ensiled in multi-layer pl MoreAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and some fermentation parameters of whole-crop corn forage (WCCF, Single cross 704 cultivar) collected at the dent stage, before and after ensiling. A whole sample of forage corn was ensiled in multi-layer plastic bags for 60 and 120 days, and one sample was considered as control (without ensiling). Some chemical compounds, gas production parameters and fermentation parameters in the media and silage environment were determined using common laboratory methods. The chemical compounds (including CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, CF, EE, NFC, and OM), metabolizable energy, net energy for lactation, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, and gas production parameters of WCCF were not affected by the ensiling. However, by ensiling, the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and ammonia nitrogen in the culture medium were significantly increased compared to the control group. Also, lactic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia nitrogen showed a significant increase in the silage environment when WCCF ensiled, but in contrast, water-soluble carbohydrates and pH decreased significantly. The overall results showed that ensiling had no negative effect on the chemical compounds of WCCF, but increasing in some parameters (such as increasing TVFA in the medium and increasing the acetic acid and lactic acid) could have represented an effect on the fermentation process of WCCF after ensiling. No difference was found between the experimental results for corn silage, 60 and 120 days after ensiling. Therefore, WCCF (single cross 704) can be ensiled at dent stage with acceptable quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - EThe effect of foliar application of iron sulphate and zinc sulphate on yield and yield components of rape seed in Marvdasht region
ALIAKBAR FALLAHE Gholamreza Moafporian Saeid Tadaion Farshid Dehghani Ahmad ZareTo study the effects of different levels of zinc and iron sulphate on qualitative and quantitative yield of canola, a factorial experiment base on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Marvdasht. The first factor consisted of four l MoreTo study the effects of different levels of zinc and iron sulphate on qualitative and quantitative yield of canola, a factorial experiment base on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Marvdasht. The first factor consisted of four levels of zinc sulphate foliar application(0, 2, 4 and 6 per thousand) and the second factors consisted of four levels of iron sulphate foliar application (0, 2, 4 and 6 per thousand),. Analysis of variance indicated that the effect of different levels of zinc and iron on yield and yield components of rape seed is significant. The highest number of seeds per pod, seed weight, biological and grain yield were obtained by using the concentration of zinc sulphate 6 thousand that not significant with 4 thousand treatment. Means comparison if iron sulphate application showed that the highest number of seeds per pod, seed weight, biological and grain yield was used at a concentration of six per thousand and as statistically not significant with 4 per thousand treatment. by increasing concentrations of iron and zinc sulfate the oil percent increased, but this increase was not statistically significant. In general it can be concluded that in plant nutrition managemen the application of zinc and iron 4 per thousand to reach a favorable grain yield in Marvdasht city can be more economically feasible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Study of Zinc Chelate Foliar Application on Yield, Yield Components and Harvest Index Some from of Bread Wheat Cultivars in Esfahan Weather Conditions.
Marjan Nekoukhou ahmad majidimehrZinc (Zn) is an essential mineral nutrient for plant and human growth, and a dietary Zn deficiency is a worldwide nutritional problem. In other to Study effect of zinc chelate foliar application on yield, yield components, and Harvest Index 4 bread wheat cultivars in Es MoreZinc (Zn) is an essential mineral nutrient for plant and human growth, and a dietary Zn deficiency is a worldwide nutritional problem. In other to Study effect of zinc chelate foliar application on yield, yield components, and Harvest Index 4 bread wheat cultivars in Esfahan weather conditions. The experiment was arranged as a split-plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the crop year 2017-2018 In the central part of city Isfahan. The main factor consisted of zinc chelate foliar application in two levels (Non- foliar application and foliar application with concentration 5 in thousand) and subfactor was Consist of four cultivar bread of wheat (Sirwan, Sivand, Baharan, and Back-Cross). The results of the experiment showed that there was a significant difference between two levels of foliar application and four types of wheat varieties for plant height, Numbers of fertile tillers, number of spikes, grain yield and biological yield. Also, the interaction of foliar application in cultivars has a significant difference in yield and yield components.Maximum amount 1000 grain weight, number of spike and number of seeds per spike belonged to F2V4 treatment. The maximum grain yield (6765.00 Kg/ha) and biological yield (1866.00 Kg/ha) belonged to F2V4 treatment and the lowest was 3933.00 and 6096 Kg/ha, respectively, belonged to F1V1 treatment. In general, to look at the role of zinc element in the physiology of plants, especially crop wheat, as a zinc-deficient herb, it can be increased by the application of zinc-containing compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Comparison of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two tall rice cultivars under different planting systems
Morteza Siavoshi Salman DastanIn order to compare the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two tall rice cultivars under different planting systems, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications at the farmer's field located in Ne MoreIn order to compare the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two tall rice cultivars under different planting systems, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications at the farmer's field located in Neka during 2021-2022. The rice cultivars at two levels (Tarom Hashemi and Sange-Tarom) as the main plot and the planting systems at three levels (traditional planting, improved planting and system of rice intensification (SRI)) as the sub-factor were considered. The results showed that the Tarom Hashemi cultivar (3371 kg.ha-1) and Sange-Tarom (3448 kg.ha-1) were in the same statistical group in terms of grain yield, but the nitrogen concentration in rice grains for Tarom Hashemi (1.49%) was significantly higher than Sange-Tarom (1.39%). The plants cultivated in the SRI produced the highest grain yield with an average of 3736 kg.ha-1, which showed an increase in yield by 14.9% and 11.3%, respectively, compared with the traditional and improved planting systems. The use of SRI management led to the production of the highest concentration of nitrogen in the grain (1.63%) and the application of the improved planting system resulted in the accumulation of the highest concentration of phosphorus (0.15%) and potassium (0.47%) in the rice grain. Therefore, according to the results of the present research, the use of SRI management system increases the quantitative and qualitative characteristics and sustainable production of rice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - The change of physiological activities in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in response to different irrigation regimes and Ethanol foiliar application
Reza Ahmadi Sharif Hamid Reza Zakerin Marefat Mostafavi Rad saeed sayfzadeh Seyed Alireza ValadabadiIn order to evaluate of physiological activities in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in response to different irrigation regimes and Ethanol foliar application, an experiment carried out as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications in expe MoreIn order to evaluate of physiological activities in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in response to different irrigation regimes and Ethanol foliar application, an experiment carried out as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental field of Agicutural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Guilan Province, Astara (Kanroud research station), Iran during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. Four level of irrigation regimes at 25, 50 and 75 and 100 mm evaporation from class A pan and three levels of Ethanol 10, 20 and 30 % (v:v), comprised experimental factors, as main plot and sub plot, respectively. The interaction effect beween irrigation regime and Ethanol alcohol was significant for all measuered characteristics in peanut at 1% probability level. Drought stress caused to decrease grain yield per unit area, leaf chlorophy index and leaf relative water content in peanut. But, drought stress increased the value of proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein, anthocyanins and the activitiy of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes. The greatest grain yield (3275 kh/ha) was obtained in response to irrigation regime after 25 mm evaporation fron “A pan” along with foliar application of Ethanol at the rate of 20% (v/v). In general, result showed that the foliar application of Ehanol could be recommendable in direction to enhance grain yield and resistance of peant plans againest to drought stress under similar climatic condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - Effect of iron and zinc spraying and harvesting times on germination and some biochemical characteristics of soybean cultivar Williams 82
Armin Poursafar Mohammad Sedghi Raouf Seyed Sharifi Mohammad HasanzadehIn order to study the changes of seed germination of soybean (Glycine max) and some biochemical characteristics, a factorial experiment as randomized complete block design was conducted at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Ardabil Province (Magha MoreIn order to study the changes of seed germination of soybean (Glycine max) and some biochemical characteristics, a factorial experiment as randomized complete block design was conducted at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Ardabil Province (Maghan) in 2020-2021. Treatments included 2 spraying factors as iron and zinc sulfates besides three harvesting times: green pod, physiological maturity and dry mature pod. According to the results, interactions of spraying and harvesting time were significant on grain yield and protein percentage, and the highest amounts of both traits were obtained by applying zinc sulfate at dry mature pod. Seed oil content was affected by both treatments so that, the highest amount was obtained at the green pod at rate of 21.4% and zinc sulfate had the greatest effect on grain oil percentage at rate of 20.3%. Furthermore, interaction of spraying and harvesting time was significant on seed Fe and Zn contents and results showed that the highest amount of seed Fe (121.6 mg/kg) was achieved by iron sulfate and that of seed Zn (91.1 mg/kg) by zinc sulfate, both at the physiological maturity. Seed germination was also affected by interaction of spraying and harvesting time and the highest rate (96.6%) was observed at dry mature pod by applying zinc sulfate. In general, Zn consumption increased germination percentage, grain rate, seed oil percentage and grain yield, and iron consumption improved grain protein. The physiological maturity and dry mature pod harvestings improved the values of measured traits except the seed oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Response of yield and seed quality of two rapeseed cultivars to Zn and Fe elements application under water deficit condition
Hamid Reza Zakerin Amirhossein Shiranirad saeed sayfzadeh Seyed Alireza ValadabadiThis experiment was carried out as split plot factorial based on complete block design with three replications during 2018-2019 cropping season in two regions including Qazvin and Karaj, Iran. Irrigation regimes including three levels of full irrigation, irrigation inte MoreThis experiment was carried out as split plot factorial based on complete block design with three replications during 2018-2019 cropping season in two regions including Qazvin and Karaj, Iran. Irrigation regimes including three levels of full irrigation, irrigation interruption from flowering stage and irrigation interruption from silique stage and four levels of micronutrients including zero (control), foliar application of Zn, Fe and Zn + Fe as factorial in main plot and two cultivars of rapeseed namely Sarygol and RGS300 in sub plot comprised experimental treatments. The greatest number of secondary branch per plant (7.72), number of silique per secondary branch (125.80), 1000-seed weight (5.46 g), biological yield (23760 kg/ha), seed yield (5668 kh/ha) and oil yield (5668 kg/ha) obtained in RGS300 cultivar under full irrigation and foliar application of Zn + Fe conditions that showed no significant difference with Sarigol cultivar under similar condition. In this experiment, irrigation interruption from flowering stage showed the greatest loss of seed yield in rapeseed and under water deficiency from flowering stage, foliar spraying of Zn + Fe enhanced seed and oil yield of RGS300 and Sarigol cultivars equal 107 and 153 percent in comparison with control, respectively.Integrated application of Zn + Fe as foliar application increased seed yield through improving of vegetative and reproductive growth of rapeseed plants in different irrigation regimes. Hence, combined foliar application of Zn + Fe micronutrients both with four per thousand concentrations could be recommended to enhance quantitative and qualitative yield of rapeseed under similar climatic condition Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - Effects of supplemental irrigation and foliar application of zinc on yield and yield components of chickpea
M. Armin M. BidiTo investigate the effects of supplemental irrigation and foliar application of zinc on yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an experiment was conducted during the 2011-2012 in Sabzevar, Iran. Treatments were supplemental irrigation time (dry far MoreTo investigate the effects of supplemental irrigation and foliar application of zinc on yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an experiment was conducted during the 2011-2012 in Sabzevar, Iran. Treatments were supplemental irrigation time (dry farming without irrigation, irrigation at flowering, irrigation at pod formation, irrigation at both flowering and pod formation) as main plot and time of Zinc foliar application with 2% concentration (control, foliar application at vegetative, foliar application at flowering and foliar application at both vegetative and flowering) as sub plot in a split block experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results showed that supplemental irrigation at both flowering and poding had significantly higher grain yield (49.57 g m-2), biological yield (65.04 g m-2 ), pod number in plant (24.84) and height (27 cm) compared to other irrigation regimes, whereas thousand grain weight had not response to supplemental irrigation. Yield and yield components had different responses to zinc foliar application. Although Zinc foliar application at both vegetative and flowering stages had the highest economic yield (47.44 g m-2), biological yield (65.59 g m-2), and seed per plant (26.65), Zinc foliar application at flowering stage increased 1000 grain weight (173.7 g). Overall, supplemental irrigation at both flowering and poding with zinc foliar application at both vegetative and flowering stages was a suitable treatment to achieve maximum yield in Sabzevar conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - The effect of calcium concentration in nutrient solution on growth and postharvest of lilium in hydroponic cultivation
R. Ranjbar Shiekhani A. Mohammadi Torkashvand A. Mahboub KhomamiThe production of many cut flowers such as Lilium is common in Iran. The flower quality is especially important in Lilium flower production processes which one of the most important factors is appropriate nutrition. For this purpose, a completely randomized design exper MoreThe production of many cut flowers such as Lilium is common in Iran. The flower quality is especially important in Lilium flower production processes which one of the most important factors is appropriate nutrition. For this purpose, a completely randomized design experiment with calcium concentrations including 0, 3 and 6 mM in Hogland solution on growth indices, calcium uptake and postharvest of Lilium with six replications was conducted. The seed bed contained 30% v/v perlite and 70% v/v sand. After three months, stem height, stem diameter, leaf number, fresh and dry weight of shoot, bud number, reproductive height, flower diameter, postharvest and calcium uptake were measured. The results showed that the concentration of 6 mM Ca had the most effect on vegetative height (71.3 cm), reproductive height (23.5 cm), fresh and dry weight of shoot (83.8 and 7.1 cm, respectively) and the number of flowers (4.4). The maximum postharvest life of flowers obtained in 3 mM calcium concentration amounted 15.6 days. The greatest uptake of calcium by shoot was observed in 3 mM Ca treatment (114.1 mg/pot). In general, increasing Ca concentration in nutrient solution led to increase in stem diameter and height, fresh and dry weight of shoot and postharvest life of cut flowers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - Effects of different levels of sodium nitroprusside and arsenic on fruit yield and some biochemical characteristics of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.)
P. Yadollahi M.R. Asgharipour S. Sheikhpour B. Jabbari2 H. GhasemiApplication of plant growth regulators as antioxidant has been proposed to reduce the negative impacts of different stress. Sodium nitroprusside is an antioxidant which makes plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this research the effects of arsenic contam MoreApplication of plant growth regulators as antioxidant has been proposed to reduce the negative impacts of different stress. Sodium nitroprusside is an antioxidant which makes plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this research the effects of arsenic contamination and sodium nitroprusside foliar sprays was examined on the quantitative characteristics in bitter melonplants (Momordica charantia L.). The experimental design was as factorial on the basis of completely randomized block design with 3 replications in 2012 at the Zabol University greenhouse. Sodium nitroprusside in 3 levels; 0, 50 and 100 μM and arsenic contamination in four levels 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg kg-1. Resuts showed that arsenic application significantly reduced chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content of leaves,and fruit yield. Arsenic at 90 mg kg-1 reduced P and K in fruits by, 47.57 and 31.25 %, respectively. Protein concentration in fruits increased with increasing arsenic and the greatest protein was observed at the highest arsenic toxicity with 34.68%. Sodium nitroprusside had significant effect on all traits except phosphorus content in fruit and the maximum quantity of this trait was observed at spraying with 100 μM sodium nitroprusside. In general, spraying sodium nitroprusside could be recommended in arsenic contaminated area to reduce heavy metal toxicity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Evaluation of Pomological Traits and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Cultivars in Bursa, Turkey
Umran Erturk Sevil Yucel Dilan Ahi Koşar M.Batuhan Koşar Hacer Akturk -
Open Access Article
387 - Effects of Irrigation Management and Humic Acid on Yield and Yield Components of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Saeid Mahdavi Naser Mohammadian Roshan Majid Ashouri Ebrahim Amiri Hamidreza Doroudian -
Open Access Article
388 - Pomological and Phenological Identification of Some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes and Cultivars
Javad Farrokhi Toolir -
Open Access Article
389 - The Effect of Thermal Pretreatment and Packaging Conditions on the Shelf-life of Walnut Kernels
Seyedhamidreza Ziaolhagh Hamed Fatemian Farzad Goodarzi -
Open Access Article
390 - Effects of Irrigation-based Potassium Fertilizer on Leaf and Nut Nutrients of Two Pistachio Cultivars
Afsaneh Shool Majid Esmaeilizadeh(new) Hamid Reza Roosta Hossein Dashti -
Open Access Article
391 - Optimizing Seed Germination and Growth of Seedlings in Persian Walnut
Ahmad Raoufi Kourosh Vahdati Soheil Karimi Mahmoud Reza Roozban -
Open Access Article
392 - Evaluating Foliar Application of Calcium Nitrate, Calcium Chloride and Boric Acid on Physiological Disorders of ‘Kaleh - Ghoochi’ Pistachio
Ebrahim Pourahmadi Abdorahman Mohamadkhani Parto Roshandel Somayeh Momenyan -
Open Access Article
393 - Evaluation of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Cultivars on Susceptibility to Brown Leaf Spot Fungus, Mamianiella coryli
Mahmoud Houshyarfard -
Open Access Article
394 - Evaluation of Shelf Life of Walnut Kernels Treated by Antioxidants and Different Packaging under Two Temperatures
Roghieh Talebi Habashi Shahin Zomorodi Alireza Talaie Sepideh Kalateh Jari -
Open Access Article
395 - The Effect of Different Water Potentials on Seed Germination and Growth of some Persian Walnut Populations
Leily Heidari Naser Boroomand Mohammad Sadat-Hosseini -
Open Access Article
396 - Pomological Attributes and Chemical Composition of Cultivars and Wild Genotypes of Pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) in Iran
Mohammad Aref Pourian Davood Bakhshi Hossein Hokmabadi Ali Aalami -
Open Access Article
397 - Investigation of Soybean Oil Bleaching by Using Walnut Shell
Zeynab Forouzan Sepehr Maryam Gharachorloo Shima Yousefi -
Open Access Article
398 - Effect of Artificial Pollination on Some Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Three Pistachio Cultivars in Qazvin Province
Saeid Kashanizadeh Mostafa Ghasemi Shiva Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
399 - Physicochemical Properties of Black Walnut (Juglans nigra L.) in the Western Mid-hills of Nepal
Subas Sunar Dinesh Bhatt Bhisma Raj Regmi Badrika Devkota Shanker Raj Barsila -
Open Access Article
400 - Survey on Etiology and Distribution of Dieback / Decline of Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) in Northern Iran
Mahmoud Houshyarfard -
Open Access Article
401 - Stomatal Morphology and Desiccation Response of Persian Walnut Tissue Culture Plantlets Influenced by the Gelling Agent of In Vitro Culture Medium
Zeinab Asayesh Sasan Aliniaeifard Kourosh Vahdati -
Open Access Article
402 - Optimizing Hairy Root Culture Media Using Salts and Vitamin Modifications in Corylus avellana L.
Zohre Vaedi Sara Alsadat Rahpeyma Jafar Zolala -
Open Access Article
403 - Recognition of Fill and Empty Walnuts Using Acoustic Analysis and Fuzzy Logic
Reza Khakrangin Davood MohamadZamani Seyed Mohamad Javidan -
Open Access Article
404 - Economic and Nutritional Values of Walnut: The Main Reason for Development of Walnut in Uzbekistan
Gayrat Pardaev Ruziboy Normamatov -
Open Access Article
405 - The Effects of Poultry Manures on Aspergillus Section Flavi Density, Aflatoxin Production, Plant Nutrients, and Characteristics of Pistachio Fruit
Hamid Alipour Mohammad Moradi Hamideh Salmani-Nejad -
Open Access Article
406 - The Effect of Ascorbic Acid on the Formation of the Separator Layer of Walnut Fruit from the Pedicel and Acetylene Gas as Ethylene Synergism in Accelerating Fruit Ripening
Reza Khosravi Zanjani Majid Abdouss Sholeh KazemifardWith the aim of facilitating the harvest and accelerating the formation of the separator layer of the fruit with the peduncle, an experiment was conducted with ascorbic acid as one of the synergists of ethylene. This experiment was conducted in the form of randomized co MoreWith the aim of facilitating the harvest and accelerating the formation of the separator layer of the fruit with the peduncle, an experiment was conducted with ascorbic acid as one of the synergists of ethylene. This experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete blocks in 3 replications and 8 treatments based on the concentration of ascorbic acid. The present study showed: a significant difference was observed between the design blocks. However, in statistical calculations, ascorbic acid did not show a significant effect on the separation of fruits, but according to observations, the use of ascorbic acid accelerated and increased the production of ethylene in the plant, so that at a concentration of 2500 ppm, the lowest force to separate the fruit from the branch we experienced. In other words, the direct use of ascorbic acid on the fruit-bearing branch with the appropriate concentration was not ineffective in facilitating the separation of the fruit from the tree, and it requires more repeated experiments. To facilitate the separation of mesocarp from endocarp, acetylene gas was used as one of the synergisms of ethylene. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 4 treatments based on acetylene concentration. This study showed that acetylene gas has a significant effect on the ease of walnut mesocarp separation by accelerating fruit ripening. As a result, by using this gas as an ethylene synergy, a higher percentage of quality nuts and walnut kernels with a bright color are obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - A Review of the Use of Chestnut in Traditional and Innovative Food Products
Raquel P. F. Guiné Cátia Costa Sofia G. Florença Paula M. R. Correia -
Open Access Article
408 - A Review of Pistachio Kernel Composition during Fruit Ripening
Ahmad Shakerardekani Fereshteh Fathi Hamid Alipour -
Open Access Article
409 - How Did Globalization Boost the Nuts Production in Indonesia?
Eko Hendarto Sandhir Sharma Maria Jade Catalan Opulencia Mohammed Khudair Hasan Aiman Mohammed Baqir Al-Dhalimy Iskandar Muda Mohammed Abed Jawad Krishanveer Singh Noor Abdul Ameer Jabar -
Open Access Article
410 - Susceptibility Evaluation of Different Cultivars of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) to Powdery Mildew (Phyllactinia guttata) in Northern Iran
Mahmoud Houshyarfard -
Open Access Article
411 - Evaluation of Breeding Strategies for Pistachio Male Genotypes Based on Flowering Index, Pollen Traits, and Female Yield Elements
Mohammad Mahmoudi Meymand Mohammad Shamshiri Ahmad Raoufi -
Open Access Article
412 - Consumption of Nuts and Similar Dried Foods in Portugal and Level of Knowledge about their Chemical Composition and Health Effects
Raquel Guin&amp;eacute; Paula Correia Sara Fernandes Elsa Ramalhosa -
Open Access Article
413 - A Feasibility Study on the Development of Hazelnut Processing Industries in Guilan Province, North of Iran
Hossein Shadab Langroudi Saeed Firouzi -
Open Access Article
414 - Effects of Various Irrigation Levels and Biochar-Based Fertilizers on Peanut Production
Mahmoud M. Abbas Khalood W. Abooud Amjed Qasim Mohammed Sura Hasan Al-Zubaidi A'laa Hassan Abdul Hussain Noora M. Hameed Ahmed Ayoob Ibrahim Kahtan A. Mohammed Maytham T. Qasim Heba Takleef al salami Salam Ahjel Kholoud Ahmad batayneh -
Open Access Article
415 - Analysis of the Effects of Hazelnut Cultivation in Rural Development of Guilan Province (Case study of Amlash County)
Eisa Pourramzan -
Open Access Article
416 - Evaluating the Yield, Fatty Acid Composition, and the Seed Micronutrients Content in Peanut Cultivars under the Influence of Various Rates of Sulfur and Zinc Application
Ziba Shokri Majid Ashouri Hamidreza Doroudian Naser Mohammadian Roshan Seyyed Mostafa Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
417 - Resistance of Georgian Hazelnut (Corylus L.) to Brown Marmorated Stink Bug – Halyomorpha halys (Stål)
Natalia Kharabadze Nino Tsiklauri Medea Burjanadze Nona Chkhaidze -
Open Access Article
418 - Effect of Packaging and Storage Temperature on the Population of Aspergillus section Flavi and Aflatoxin Production in Fresh Pistachios
Hossein Afshari Mehdi Mohammadi-Moghadam Abolfazl Rezaee-Ahvanouyi Seyed Hamidreza Ziaolhagh Seyed Reza Fani Majid Aldaghi -
Open Access Article
419 - Quality Profiling and Estimation of Total Phenols, Flavonoids, Flavonols and Antioxidative Potential of Walnut Kernel (Juglans regia) from Kashmir Valley
Ruhee Jan Tabassum Ara Javid Iqbal Mir -
Open Access Article
420 - Enhancing Growth and Morpho-physiological Traits of Tissue-cultured Explants of Persian Walnut through Manipulation of In vitro Lighting Spectra
Seyyed Arash Saeedi Kourosh Vahdati Sasan Aliniaeifard Saadat Sarikhani Shirin Dianati Maryam Davarzani Safieh Fakhari -
Open Access Article
421 - Investigating the Correlation between Phosphorus and Zinc Levels with Leaf Chemistry and Pecan Nut Kernel Weight
Hasan Kadhim Nimr Ahmad Ismael Saber Ammar Daham Hind Ali Nasser Thair L. Mizal Kadhim Fadhil Kadhim Hayder Tariq -
Open Access Article
422 - Attaining Environmental Sustainability Through Cashew Nut Production in India: Revisiting the Role of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth
Noushad Cheriyambadan Muhammed Ashiq Villanthenkodath Hassan Shareef -
Open Access Article
423 - Study on Nut Shell Lignification Progress in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cv. Segorbe
Julien Toillon Julie Robin Maud Thomas Rachid Hamidi -
Open Access Article
424 - The Effect of Spirulina Algae Enrichment on the Quality of Pistachio Butter
Ahmad Shakerardekani Farzaneh Etemadi -
Open Access Article
425 - Mineral Profiling of Various Pine Nut Species Cultivated in Egypt
Samah Sajad Kadim Muataz Mohammed Al-Taee Hamza Radhi Ammar Dham Ashwaq Talib Kareem Hussam Abdullah Abbas Majeed M. Abid -
Open Access Article
426 - Phenological and Pomological Evaluation Reveals High Diversity among Walnut Populations in Southwestern Iran
Saadat Sarikhani Kazem Arzani Mahmoud Roozban Kourosh Vahdati -
Open Access Article
427 - Price Movement Influences the Major Coconut Products Production in Fiji
Divnesh Swamy Shamal Kumar William Kerua Owais Wani Natasha RajThe major coconut products produced in Fiji are copra and coconut oil. As a consequence, coconut oil is the only product now exported, and price fluctuations have a substantial impact. This study examines the changes in copra and coconut oil prices for Fiji from 2009 to MoreThe major coconut products produced in Fiji are copra and coconut oil. As a consequence, coconut oil is the only product now exported, and price fluctuations have a substantial impact. This study examines the changes in copra and coconut oil prices for Fiji from 2009 to 2019. The present study used secondary data for analysis. Copra pricing information was gathered from Fiji Copra Millers, and coconut oil price information was gathered from the website for palm oil analytics' crude coconut oil price. The price changes for trend, cyclical, seasonal, and irregular fluctuations were computed using a multiplicative model. Both the price of copra and the price of coconut oil displayed poor connections, R2= 0.39 and R2= 0.18, respectively, despite the years' considerable price volatility. The price of copra and coconut oil fluctuated significantly throughout the year and in distinctly diverse ways. Seasonality and erratic price fluctuations were particularly pronounced for coconut oil, which directly affected the price of copra and discouraged farmers from investing in coconut plants, lowering productivity, production, and copra supply. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - Enhancing Pecan Fruit Size and Nutrient Content through Foliar Application of Boron and Zinc
Hasan kadhim Nimr Sarah A. Hamood Ammar Daham Abed J. Kadhim Hayder Tariq Rana Mahmood Ahmed Nooralhuda Jalel Mahsen Oda -
Open Access Article
429 - Impact of Storage Duration on Kernel Quality of Offspring of ‘Mamaei’ and ‘Marcona’ Almond Hybrids
Mahrokh Zahedi Mousa Rasouli Ali Imani Orang Khademi Sepideh Kalateh Jari -
Open Access Article
430 - Investigating the Use of Chestnut Shells to Improve Brioche Characteristics
Khlood Waheeb Hussein S.H. Ridha Mais Mazin Al-Hamdani Thair L. Mizal Hayder Tariq Hanan Askar Hussny Mustafa Abdulkareem Mustaf -
Open Access Article
431 - Examining the Antibacterial Efficacy of Aqueous Extracts of Chestnut Leaves and Catkins in a Variety of Wild and Cultivated Environments
Ziad Ahmad Alabdallah Hanaa Abdul Hussein Taif Hassan Saheb Jubeir Hanoon Dahlia N.Al-Saidi Nada Khairi Younis Sarah A. Hamood Nahed Mahmood Ahmed Hatem Ghaleb Maabreh -
Open Access Article
432 - Phenological and Pomological Characteristics of Five Promised Walnut Genotypes in Karaj, Iran
R. Mahmoodi D. Hassani M.E. Amiri M. Jaffaraghaei -
Open Access Article
433 - Efficacy of Ozone to Reduce Fungal Spoilage and Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanuts
M.A Abdel-Wahhab A.F Sehab F.R Hassanien Sh.E El-Nemr H.A Amra H.A Abdel-Alim -
Open Access Article
434 - Factors Affecting the Development of Hazelnut Harvesting Mechanization in Guilan Province of Iran
Saeed Firouzi Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari Faramarz Hadizadeh Vikram Koundinya -
Open Access Article
435 - Genetic Diversity Evaluation of Some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes in Meshkin-Shahr by ISSR Marker
Alireza Ghanbari Mohammad Faraji Mahdi Behnamian Asgar Estaji Adel Pyrayesh Somayeh Fahim -
Open Access Article
436 - Design and Construction a Walnut Peeler
G.R. Chegini A.R. Makarichian -
Open Access Article
437 - Concentration of Some Major Elements in the Kernel of pistacia atlantica desf., p. Vera Variety “sarakhs”, “badami zarand” and Cultivated Pistachio in Iran
Gh Davarynejad T Nagy Peter E Davarynejad -
Open Access Article
438 - The Effect of Foliar Application of Nano-chelate Super Plus ZFM on Fruit Set and some Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Almond Commercial Cultivars
F. Kamiab E. Zamanibahramabadi -
Open Access Article
439 - Effect of Kaolin Application on Water Stress in Pistachio cv. „Ohadi‟
A. Azizi H. Hokmabadi S. Piri V. Rabie -
Open Access Article
440 - Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of the Walnut Cracking Machine
A. Ghafari G.R. Chegini J. Khazaei K. Vahdati -
Open Access Article
441 - The Investigation and Evaluation of Some Important Mechanical Tests for the Consumed Varieties of Persian Walnut
A.R. Makarichian G.R. Chegini -
Open Access Article
442 - Effective Factors in Little Leaf Disease on Pistachio Trees
M. Afrousheh F. Aghamir Mohammad Ali -
Open Access Article
443 - Open the Windows toward Somatic Embryogenesis of Leaf Explants of Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.)
M Farsi K Vahdati M Lotfi M Mirmasoumi -
Open Access Article
444 - Studies on Aspergillus Section Flavi from Peanut in Iran
M. Houshiyarfard H. Rouhani M. Falahati-Rastegar E. Mahdikhani Moghaddam S. Malekzadeh Shafaroudi -
Open Access Article
445 - Evaluation of a Walnut Huller
G.R. Chegini A.R. Makarichian -
Open Access Article
446 - Evaluation of some Phenological and Pomological Characteristics of Selected Walnut Genotypes from Shahroud-Iran
Sara Akhiani Hossein Afshari Tahereh Parvaneh -
Open Access Article
447 - The Effect of Salicylic Acid and Potassium on Some Characteristics Nut and Physiological Parameters of Pistachio Trees Cv. Owhadi
H.R. Karimi S. Sevandi- Nasab H. R. Roosta -
Open Access Article
448 - Investigation on Effects of Calcium Nitrate, Calcium Sulfate (soil application) and Calcium chelate as Foliar spray on Endocarp Lesion Disorder and Some Qualitative Characteristics of pistachio nut Cv. Akbari
H. Sajadian H. Hokmabadi -
Open Access Article
449 - Study of Somatic Embryogenesis Potential of Male Florets and Pistillate Flowers of Persian Walnut (Juglansregia L.)
M. Farsi K. Vahdati M. Lotfi D. Hassani M. Mirmasoumi -
Open Access Article
450 - Roasting Process Optimization of Walnut Kernels for the Preparation of Walnut Cream Using Response Surface Methodology
Seyed Hamidreza Ziaolhagh Mostafa Mazaheri Tehrani Mohammad Ali Razavi Hassan Rashidi -
Open Access Article
451 - Study of Correlations betweenHorticultural Traits and Variables Affecting Kernel Percentage of Walnut (Juglans regia L.)
B. Abedi T. Parvaneh -
Open Access Article
452 - Effect of MAP and Different Atmospheric Conditions on the Sensory Attributes and Shelf life Characteristics of Fresh Pistachio Nuts
Shima Shayanfar Mahdi Kashaninejad Morteza Khomeiri Zahra Emam Djomeh Younes Mostofi -
Open Access Article
453 - Density Fluctuations of Two Major Aspergillus Species Airborne Spores in Pistachio Growing Regions of Iran
M. G. Moradi H. Hokmabadi M. Mirabolfathy -
Open Access Article
454 - Physiological Evaluation of Pistachio Frost Damage Resistant Rootstocks
R Salary Sorkhan S Enteshari H Hokmabadi A Tajabadipour -
Open Access Article
455 - Evaluation of Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes in the West of Meshkin-Shahr
Alireza Ghanbari Mohammad Faraji Aliakbar Shokouhian Adel Pyrayesh -
Open Access Article
456 - Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Study of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis the Causal Agent of Walnut Bacterial Blight Disease
M. Shami A. Ghasemi A. Alizade Ali-Abadi A. Eskandari -
Open Access Article
457 - Contributions of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Growth, Biomass and Nutrient Status of Pistachio Seedlings under Saline Conditions
S. Soleimanian H. Abbaspour A.R. Mohammadi Nafchi -
Open Access Article
458 - A Study and Comparison of Control Methods of Anthracnose Disease in Walnut Trees of Roodbar Region
A.R Zamani A Imani M MirzaAghayan R. Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
459 - High Quality RNA Isolation from Leaf, Shell, Root Tissues and Callus of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)
Hossein Khosravi Ali Deljou Sajad Rashidi Monfared -
Open Access Article
460 - Effect of Budding Method, Rootstock Age and Cut below Budding Union on Budding Success in Persian Walnut
F. Ghamari Hesabi Y. Sharafi S.J. Tabatabaei V. Grigurian -
Open Access Article
461 - Effects of Humic Acid on Root and Shoot Growth and Leaf Nutrient Contents in Seedlings of Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand
H. Sajadian H. Hokmabadi -
Open Access Article
462 - Effect of Climatic Conditions on Flowering of Walnut Genotypes in Romania
Bîrsanu (Ionescu) Mariana Cosmulescu Sina Niculina -
Open Access Article
463 - The Aspergillus flavus Susceptibility of Hazelnut Varieties (Corylus avellana L.) in Laboratory Conditions
Mahmoud Houshyarfard Davood Javadi -
Open Access Article
464 - بررسی تأثیر کودهای با پایه اسید هیومیک ( سه کود موجود در بازار) بر خصوصیات رشدی، جذب عناصر و درصد اسانس نعناع فلفلی(Mentha piperita L.)
جابر آقارحیمی سهیلا کوره پز محمودآبادیبه منظور بررسی اثر اسید هیومیک بر روی جنبه های مختلف رشد گیاه داروئی نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.) در مناطقی با خاک قلیایی، این پژوهش در رفسنجان انجام شد. این تحقیق بصورت طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تیمار (1- شاهد(بدون استفاده از هیچ کودی) 2- اسید هیومیک 50%&nbs Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر اسید هیومیک بر روی جنبه های مختلف رشد گیاه داروئی نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.) در مناطقی با خاک قلیایی، این پژوهش در رفسنجان انجام شد. این تحقیق بصورت طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تیمار (1- شاهد(بدون استفاده از هیچ کودی) 2- اسید هیومیک 50% (با نام تجاری بیس هیومیک) به ازای هر هکتار 1000 کیلوگرم(100 گرم به ازای هر کرت با ابعاد 1 متر در 1 متر) 3- اسید هیومیک 40% (با نام تجاری هومی گرین) همراه با 5% ازت ، 2% فسفر، 2 % پتاس به ازای هر هکتار 1000 کیلوگرم (100 گرم به ازای هر کرت با ابعاد 1 متر در 1 متر) 4- اسید هیومیک 40% (با نام تجاری هیومیک پلاس) همراه با 5 % ازت، 5% فسفر، 2% آهن و 25/0 % مس به ازای هر هکتار 1000 کیلوگرم (100 گرم به ازای هر کرت با ابعاد 1 متر در 1 متر) ) در چهار تکرار جمعاً 16 کرت آزمایشی انجام شد. بعد از مشخص نمودن محل هر تیمار به استثنای تیمار شاهد به هر کدام از کرتها مقدار نصف کود تعیین شده اضافه شد (50 گرم برای هر کرت) سپس یک نوبت آبیاری صورت گرفت و نهالها کشت شد. نتایج نشان داد میزان اسانس در تیمار کود هیومیک پلاس به علت افزایش رشد گیاه و بدنبال آن افزایش ماده خشک میزان اسانس گیاه افزایش یافت. میزان جذب عناصر ریزمغذی مثل آهن، مس، روی و منگنز نیز افزایش یافت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
465 - مقایسه واکنش زراعی آفتابگردان آجیلی و روغنی در شرایط مختلف کود فسفر و روی
H. Madaniاقدام در پاسخ به روغن و آجیل نوع آفتابگردان (Helianthus annus L. cv. زاریا نوع روغنی و آجیل قلمی) به پایه و سطوح مختلف کود فسفر و روی در شرایط مزرعه این آزمایش در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اراک انجام شد. سطح فسفر 350، 175، 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپر فسفات Moreاقدام در پاسخ به روغن و آجیل نوع آفتابگردان (Helianthus annus L. cv. زاریا نوع روغنی و آجیل قلمی) به پایه و سطوح مختلف کود فسفر و روی در شرایط مزرعه این آزمایش در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اراک انجام شد. سطح فسفر 350، 175، 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپر فسفات سه گانه به اضافه 100 گرم در هکتار باکتری حل کننده فسفر و PSB خالص، سطوح روی 0، 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار از سولفات روی، 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار استفاده شد. در شکل خاک از سولفات روی علاوه بر روی محلول 10% و روی محلول 10% به عنوان محلول پاشی انفرادی استفاده می شود. نتیجه توضیح می دهد که در آفتابگردان نوع روغن اوج عملکرد دانه 2.52 تن در هکتار در 100 گرم در هکتار باکتری حل کننده فسفر بود. برای آفتابگردان آجیلی 3.68 تن در هکتار با حمایت 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود سوپر فسفات به اضافه 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی بود. استفاده از ترکیب سوپر فسفات 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار بدون ترکیب روی و همچنین 350 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپر فسفات سه گانه به اضافه 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی، تأثیر یکسانی بر عرض سر سر آفتابگردان روغنی به میزان 15.3 تا 15.4 سانتی متر به عنوان بیشترین قطر سر در نوع آفتابگردان روغنی داشت. . کمترین اندازه سر در نوع آفتابگردان روغنی با استفاده از کود سوپر فسفات سه گانه 350 کیلوگرم در هکتار و محلول پاشی روی محلول 10 درصد به میزان 10.33 سانتی متر بود. اندازهگیریهای ضخامت ساقه تحت تأثیر تیمارهای ما در هر دو نوع آفتابگردان و مقایسه میانگینها برای شاخص سطح برگ نشان میدهد که در نوع آفتابگردان روغنی بالاترین شاخص شاخص سطح برگ توسط PSB خالص در شرایط کاربرد غیر روی بهدست آمد (4.09). در نوع آفتابگردان آجیلی نیز حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ در 350 کیلوگرم در هکتار استفاده از سوپر فسفات سه گانه به همراه محلول پاشی روی محلول در کرت های 10 درصد (09/6)برآورد شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
466 - Updating Nutrient Requirements for Rice-Based Cropping Systems in Non-Saline Tidal Flood Ecosystem of Bangladesh
P. K. SAHA M. N. ISLAM M. S. ISLAM -
Open Access Article
467 - Survey Yield Components of Spinach under Influence of Biofertilizer and Nutrient Solution in Soils of Chengdu, Hunan, Shannxi and Xiaotanshan, China
PETER OKO OGBAJI JIANMIN Li XUZHANG XUE MOHAMAD HESAM SHAHRAJABIAN ENEJI ANTHONY EGRINYA -
Open Access Article
468 - Comparison of Yield and Silage Quality of some Sorghum Bicolor L. Cultivars and Corn under Salinity Stress
ABOUZAR ASADI -
Open Access Article
469 - The Effect of Magnetic Field Intensity and Duration on the Amount of Nutrients Absorbed by Cucumber Transplant
MORADALI GHANBARPOURI AHMAD MOHAMADI GHAHSAREH MITRA ATTAABADI MEHRAN HODAJI -
Open Access Article
470 - Study the Effects of Micro-nutrients, Macro-nutrients and Plant Shading on Quantitative Traits of Tomato) Lycopersicon esculentum)
MOHAMMAD MIRZAEI HEYDARI SARA KABODI -
Open Access Article
471 - Evaluation of the Benefits of Oat-Soybean and Oat-Groundnut Intercropping in Jilin Province, China
YONG, YANG MOHAMMAD HESAM SHAHRAJABIAN -
Open Access Article
472 - Foliar application of Zinc, Iron and Manganese fertiliZers on yield and yield components of bread wheat cultivars
R. Sadradi Haghighi S. S. Sekhavati In order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of elements such as Zinc, Iron and manganese on yield and yield components of bread wheat cv. Pishgam an experiment was conducted based on a RCBD with three replications at Torbat-e-jam in 2015-20 More In order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of elements such as Zinc, Iron and manganese on yield and yield components of bread wheat cv. Pishgam an experiment was conducted based on a RCBD with three replications at Torbat-e-jam in 2015-2016. Factors were foliar application including Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Iron+Zinc, Iron+Manganese, Zinc+Manganese, Iron+Zinc+Manganese and control treatment. Foliar application was done using micronutrients chelates at the amount of one per thousand at stem elongation and flowering stages. The results showed that foliar application had significant effect on plant height, spike length, the number of grains per spike, and harvest index. Foliar application increased plant height significantly. The highest plant height obtained from application of Iron+Manganese, Iron+Zinc+Manganese and Zinc+Manganese. The maximum length of the spike was seen in foliar application of Iron, Zinc, Iron+Manganese which had not significant difference with control treatment. The number of grains per spike in Zinc and Zinc+Iron+Manganese treatments were higher than control. Generally, it seems that none of foliar application treatments could increase the grain yield compared to control treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
473 - The effects of Nitrogen and Phosphor on some physico-chemical characteristics and after harvest life of Narcissus flower
M. Zadebagheri A. Sohrabnejad A. Abutalebi Jahromi Sh. SharafzadehNowadays,growing Narcissus flowers have become an economical and profiting industry. Many efforts have been done to enhance the quantity and quality of this flower. In this regard, one of the most important issues is the effect of minerals on physico-chemical characteri MoreNowadays,growing Narcissus flowers have become an economical and profiting industry. Many efforts have been done to enhance the quantity and quality of this flower. In this regard, one of the most important issues is the effect of minerals on physico-chemical characteristics and after harvest life of this flower. Therefore, a research was done in the form of randomized complete block design (RCBD), with 3 repetitions of 30 observations. To assess the effect of nitrogen and phosphor, this experiment was done with three treatments of nitrogen (100, 150, and 200 kg/acre), and three treatments of phosphor (30, 60, and 90 kg/acre). Also, 100 kg/acre of potassium was used for all treatments. The amount of phosphor was evaluated using the color measurement method with the yellow Vanadat Mulibdat. The spectrophotometer (UVD-2960) for reading the absorption power in the 470 nanometer wave length. The results regarding the nitrogen amount in the leaf shows that the N3+P2+K treatment has the highest effect regarding nitrogen absorption (5.07%). Also, with an increase in the amount of phosphor, the amount of this mineral increases in the leaf. The results of this study show that the amount of nitrogen has an important effect on the amount of phosphor concentration in the leaf. As the application of nitrogen fertilizer increases, the phosphor concentration in the leaf decreases. The results of different fertilizers show that the use of fertilizing treatments increases the shelf life of narcissus flower compared with the control treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - Investigation of fertilization of Iron, Zinc and Boron and two different irrigation regimes on Soybean field characteristics
A. M. Alijani J. Daneshian S. Seifzadeh A. H. Shiranirad In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of Iron, Zinc and Boron micronutrient elements on two different irrigation regimes on soybean characteristics of M9 cultivar, a RCB design was conducted with 8 treatments in 3 More In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of Iron, Zinc and Boron micronutrient elements on two different irrigation regimes on soybean characteristics of M9 cultivar, a RCB design was conducted with 8 treatments in 3 replications. The experiments were done in Aleshtar, Lorestan province of Iran during two growing years between 2014 to 2016 in two separate experiments. The first irrigation was carried out after 50 mm from the pan and in the second experiment after irrigation after 100 mm from the pan. The investigated factor were micronutrient elements including micronutrient spraying, micronutrient spraying of Zinc, Iron, Boron, Zinc& Iron, Boron + Iron, Boron + Zinc and Zinc + Iron + Boron. The results showed that irrigation effect on plant height, number of nodes, number of pods per plant, 1000 seed weight, oil yield and grain yield were significant at 1% probability level. The effect of foliar application of micronutrient elements on plant height, number of nodes, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight and grain yield at 1% probability level and significant number of lateral branches at 5% probability level were significant. The highest grain yield was obtained from irrigation treatments after 50 millimeters from the pan and the addition of Zinc, Iron and Boron micronutrients, with a mean of 2561 kg ha-1, and the lowest grain yield related to treatment after 100 mm of pan and lack of foliar application of micronutrient elements with an average of 1086 kg ha-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - Effects of micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Mn) on quality and quantities yield of Hamoon cultivar wheat in Sistan area
A. A. Hosseinabadi M. Galavi M. Heidari To determine the effects of Fe, Zn and Mn micronutrients on the quantitative and qualitative yield of wheat (cv. Hamoon), an experiment was conducted at Agricultural and natural resources research center of Sistan during 2003-4. Using RCBD with More To determine the effects of Fe, Zn and Mn micronutrients on the quantitative and qualitative yield of wheat (cv. Hamoon), an experiment was conducted at Agricultural and natural resources research center of Sistan during 2003-4. Using RCBD with four replications. Treatments were Fe, Zn, Mn, Fe+Zn, Fe+Mn, Zn+Mn, Fe+Zn+Mn and control (no micronutrients). The results showed foliar application of these micronutrients increase grain yield but did not have significantly effect on it. However mean comparison indicated that Zn application increased total grain yield from 4334 to 4888 kg/ha. Foliar application of micronutrients expects % N had not significantly effects on the %P and %K content of seeds. The results indicate that micronutrient had not significantly effects on grain yield but by improving condition for growth and yield components they can increase quality and quantities of yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - Effect of Methanol and zinc on growth and yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Reza Pilevare khomami Mohamad Taghi Safarzadeh Vishkaei NC2 variety of a Factorial experiment with randomized complete block design in 3 replication during 2010-2011 done in Bandar Kiashahr county located in Guilan province is used to survey effect of methanol and zinc on peanut growth index and yiel More NC2 variety of a Factorial experiment with randomized complete block design in 3 replication during 2010-2011 done in Bandar Kiashahr county located in Guilan province is used to survey effect of methanol and zinc on peanut growth index and yield. Various methanol application (0, 10, 20, 30 v/v) and zinc chelate (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5) in 1000 cc formed surveying treatments. The result showed that methanol application had significant impact on leaf area index, pod dry weight, crop growth rate, pod growth rate, pod yield, grain yield, and maximum belonged to 20 % and 30 % v/v of methanol and 1.5/1000 cc zinc application treatments. But amount of seed`s oil had no significant difference between witness and plants treated with methanol. Also interaction effect of methanol and zinc was significant in all parameters except oil content. Maximum seed and pod yield (6809 and 5181 kg/h) were gained by 30 % v/v of methanol and 1.5/1000 cc zinc application. The highest leaf area index, growth rate of plant and pod growth rate were gained respectively in 90 and 105 days after planting with same methanol and zinc application mentioned above. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
477 - The effect of biofortification with Iron and Zinc on agronomic traits of mycorrhizal barley
Sh. Khaghani M. R. ArdakaniThe main resaon for the low quality and quantity yield of plants is Lack of attention to nutrition with micro-nutrients on poaceae family and other crops. In order to investigate the effect of Iron, Zinc and mycorrhiza on barley yield and yield components, a field study MoreThe main resaon for the low quality and quantity yield of plants is Lack of attention to nutrition with micro-nutrients on poaceae family and other crops. In order to investigate the effect of Iron, Zinc and mycorrhiza on barley yield and yield components, a field study was conducted during 2013-14 years in agricultural experimental station of Islamic Azad University Arak branch. A factorial experiment was arranged in randomized complete block desing with three replication. Three Levels of Zn, Z1 (no application), Z2 (25 kg/ha-1) and Z3 (50 kg/ha-1) were used. Mycorrhiza fungi including no inoculation and Glomus intraradices and three levels of Iron (no application, 2/5 kg/ha-1 and 5 kg/ha-1) were used. Simple effect of Mycorrhiza on yield showed highest grain yield with (3.90 ton/ha-1) was obtained from Glomus intraradices. Highest levels of straw yield with 3.43 was obtained in treatment Glomus intraradices. The simple effect of mycorrhiza, Iron and Zinc showed the highest biologic yield with 6.91, 6.70, 6.49 was obtained in treatment Glomus intraradices, 5 kg/ha-1 Iron and 100 kg/ha-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
478 - Effect of cycocel and micronutrients on antioxidants rates as indices of drought resistance of rapeseed
S. Hamrahi D. Habibi H. Madani M. Mashhadi Akbar BoojarEffect of micronutrients and cycocel in drought tolerance of rapeseed was determined by using split factorial design on RCBD with 12 treatments and 4 replications. Experiment was done in research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University during 2007-2008. The treatments cons MoreEffect of micronutrients and cycocel in drought tolerance of rapeseed was determined by using split factorial design on RCBD with 12 treatments and 4 replications. Experiment was done in research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University during 2007-2008. The treatments considened by irrigation as main factor in 2 levels (normal and drought), 3 levels of micronutrients (0, 1, 1.5 lit/ha) and 2 levels cycocel (0, 1.5lit/ha) as sub factors. 22 variables were determined which were included plant height, full and empty pod number per plant, pod weight per plant, pod number per stem and sub-branch, seed number per pod, stem diameter, seed weight per plant, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, total dry weight, harvest index, relative water content, ionic leakage, SOD, CAT, GPX, MDA , di-Tyro, 8-oh-dg. Result indicated high significant increase in antioxidant enzymes rate in drought condition which means the defensive mechanism of plant in drought condition. Micronutrients caused high significant difference in antioxidant enzymes rate between drought and normal condition so that caused drought tolerance in plant by decreasing the pressure of tension. In addition cycocel consuming resulted in high significant plant height decrease and stem diameter increase due to drought tolerance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - Effect of methanol and zinc application on peanut qualities and quantities characteristics in Guilan region
R. Pilehvari Khomami M. N. Safarzadeh Vishkaei N. Sajedi M. Rasuli M. MoradiBandar Kiashahr County located in Guilan province is used to survey effect of methanol and zinc on peanut qualities and quantities characteristics.Various methanol application (0, 10, 20, 30 v/v) and zinc chelate (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5) in 1000cc were selected as surveying tre MoreBandar Kiashahr County located in Guilan province is used to survey effect of methanol and zinc on peanut qualities and quantities characteristics.Various methanol application (0, 10, 20, 30 v/v) and zinc chelate (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5) in 1000cc were selected as surveying treatments. Results indicated that zinc and methanol application had significant effects on measured parameters. Also comparing the average of measured parameters showed that interaction effect of methanol solution 30% (v/v) and zinc 1/1000cc on surveyed parameters are more than other treatments. Foliar methanol and zinc application increased pod yield, grain yield, weight of 100 kernel, mature pods per plant, protein content of seed and oil content of seed but interaction effect of methanol and zinc had no significant impact on oil and protein content of seeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
480 - Effects of wastewater and foliar complete nutrient application on grain yield and antioxidant-enzymatic active on Setaria italica (L.)
M. Heidari P. JamshidianIn order to study the effects of wastewater irrigation and foliar complete nutrient on grain yield and antioxidant-enzymatic active on Setaria a field experiment was conducted at the University of Zabol in Iran during 2009 growing season. The statistical plan selected w MoreIn order to study the effects of wastewater irrigation and foliar complete nutrient on grain yield and antioxidant-enzymatic active on Setaria a field experiment was conducted at the University of Zabol in Iran during 2009 growing season. The statistical plan selected was split plot design with three replications. The treatments were comprised of three kinds of irrigation water (W1=well water and W2= domestic waste water+well water and W3= domestic waste water) in main plot and three foliar complete nutrient (F1=control, F2= 400 and F3= 800 gr/ha) in sub plot. Results showed that irrigation with wastewater and 800 gr/ha foliar complete nutrient significantly increased grain yield. In this study wastewater application decreased antioxidant-enzymatic activity of CAT, APX and GPX enzymes. Foliar complete nutrient except GPX enzyme decreased CAT and APX antioxidant-enzymatic activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - Investigation of Kinetics and Equilibrium Isotherms of Direct Red 12B Dye Adsorption on Hazelnut Shells
Fathi M. R. Asfaram A. -
Open Access Article
482 - The Phytochemical Changes of Violet Flowers (Viola cornuta) Response to Exogenous Salicylic Acid Hormone
N. Ghorbani H. Moradi V. Akbarpour A. Ghasemnezhad -
Open Access Article
483 - Examining the Existence of Synthetic Dyes in the Nuts Offered in Marivan County, West of Iran
Bakhtiar Heydarzade Peyman Jajarbeygi Razzagh Mahmoudi Ali Mehrabi Fatemeh Jalilvand Hatam Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
484 - Quantitative Appraisal of Total Aflatoxin in Ready-to-eat Groundnut in North-central Nigeria
Funmilola Adefolalu Daniel Apeh Susan Salubuyi Mary Galadima Augustine Agbo Michaella Anthony Hussaini Makun -
Open Access Article
485 - A Review of Non-pharmacological Oral Supplements Containing Nutrients and Micronutrients in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Nastaran Tabari Shahandasht Marzieh Bolandi Majid Rahmati Moslem Jafarisani -
Open Access Article
486 - Assessment of Potential Human Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Waterleaf (Talinum triangulare) Sold in Major Markets in Calabar, Nigeria
Udiba Udiba Michael Odey Udeme Udofia Ekom Akpan John Ama -
Open Access Article
487 - Laboratory Evaluation of the Effect of Common Snacks Consumption on Oral Saliva pH
Farzaneh Shirani Hassan Mollahasani Mohammadreza Malekipour Maryam Rahmatizadeh -
Open Access Article
488 - Growth and Micronutrient Uptake of Oat Plant (Avena sativa) in Oil Contaminated Soils as Affected by Poultry Manure and Biochar
Maryam Barati Sedigheh Shirazi -
Open Access Article
489 - Nutritional Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Sausages Developed with Non-Meat Ingredients (Tofu)
Leila Mousavi Nur Nadia Binti Razali Wan Rosli Wan Ishak -
Open Access Article
490 - Evaluation of Sperm Fertility Parameters of Zanjani Viper (Vipera albicornuta) in BostanabadandTarom
پروانه صفدریان فاطمه توده دهقان توده دهقان عبدالحسین شیرویSperm quality evalution is a valuable tool to study the reproduction potential of male animals and is important for breeding and preservation of medical species. In this study, 66 Zanjani male snakes were collected from two mountainous and cold habitats, Bostanabad in e MoreSperm quality evalution is a valuable tool to study the reproduction potential of male animals and is important for breeding and preservation of medical species. In this study, 66 Zanjani male snakes were collected from two mountainous and cold habitats, Bostanabad in eastern Azarbaijan and Tarom of Zanjan Province of Iran, in year 2011 to 2012. Morphological characteristics of animals, including body weight, body length from snout to vent, specifications of vas deferen duct and sperm parameters including: concentration, motility, viability of sperm and also the presence and absence of ductal sperm were examined. Results show the morphology of vas deferens in Zanjani viper consists of three parts: proximal, median and distal. The longest values of vas deferen (right and left) lengths in Bostanabad viper was observed in the autumn and the shortest lengths in the spring, whereas these values for Tarom snakes were opposite. The highest mean percentage of sperm concentration in Bostanabad samples was observed in the spring and in Tarom samples was in the autumn. According to the results we can recommend concentration of mature sperms with suitable reproductive parameter are highest in the vas deferen in May, October and November and sperms with highest motility are present in the distal part of the duct in the spring and autumn, and it seems animal is ready for mating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
491 - The Effects of Hydroalcohlic Walnut Extract of Juglans regia Male Flower on Blood Sugar Level and Liver Enzymes Activity in Intact and Diabetic Adult Male Rat
سید ابراهیم حسینی کاظم کریم زادهDiabetes is a metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia due to defects in secretion, insulin function or both are specified. Walnut nutritional purposes in addition to traditional medicine in Iran is also used to treat diabetes, so this study examines the effect of male flo MoreDiabetes is a metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia due to defects in secretion, insulin function or both are specified. Walnut nutritional purposes in addition to traditional medicine in Iran is also used to treat diabetes, so this study examines the effect of male flowers on some walnut diabetes on diabetic male rats by measuring the amount of blood sugar and liver enzymes. The study on 80 male rats with 200 to 225 grams weight, which accidentally in three groups were performed. The first group: Control, Second: Diabetic 32 and next Group: Non-diabetic 32 over each of the groups to four are divided into eight categories: (A) The control group received normal saline, (B) treated with experimental group received the extract 2g/kg,) C) Received the extract 4g/kg, (D) Extract the downloaded 6g/kg. Eight rats were used for determination of lethal doses of LD50. For diabetes as IP 60mg/kg of streptozotocin were used. Rat daily for 15 days as a single dose extracts were treated at the end of the fifteenth day from the ventricular blood sampling were performed.Results showed a significant reduction blood sugar and ASAT,ALP in diabetics than non-diabetic group receiving thehydroalcoholic extractof male flowers walnut. However this effect is not dependent dose. In this study hydroalcoholic extract useful effect of male flowers Walnut liver damage due to inhibition and reduced blood sugar and liver enzymes levels, non-dose dependent, was observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
492 - Effect of Hydroalcoholic Walnut (Juglans regia) Leaf Extract on Hematological Parameters in Rat with Hypothyroidism
Habibpour S. Mokhtari M. Sharifi E.Hypothyroidism is a human disease caused by autoimmune disorders and deficiency of iodine in the daily diet.In the present study, the effect of hydro alcoholicleaf extract of Walnut on hematological indices in male rats with hypothyroidism was investigated.In this exper MoreHypothyroidism is a human disease caused by autoimmune disorders and deficiency of iodine in the daily diet.In the present study, the effect of hydro alcoholicleaf extract of Walnut on hematological indices in male rats with hypothyroidism was investigated.In this experimental study, 60 adult male rats, each weigh in approximately 200-220 G, were divided into 6 groups of 10. These groups are as follow: The control group, patients in the control group, left untreated; the sham group receiving only distilled water as solvent; the experimental group 1, receiving methimazole for 10 days to induce hypothyroidism;The experimental group 2,treated with 1500 mg/kg leaf extract ;and the experimental groups 3 and 4,which in addition to the induction of hypothyroidism,were treated with 750mg/kg and 1500mg/kg extract respectively. The extract was orally administered daily for 4 weeks. At the end of this period, blood samples were prepared from all the groups, and hematological indices were measured, including the number of red and white blood cells, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, platelets, MCV, MCH, MCHC, hematocrit, hemoglobin. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA variance test and the SPSS software, (Pandlt;0.05).According to the results,the number of red blood cells, platelets and hemoglobin concentration showed a significant decreased in the experimental group 1, relative to the control and sham groups, whereas the number of eosinophil increased significantly (Pandlt;0.05). In contrast, The number of RBC, platelets and hemoglobin increased significantly in experimental groups 3 andamp; 4 in comparison with experimental group 1,while the number of eosinophil declined significantly(Pandlt;0.05) .the number of red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, MCH and MCHC decreased significantly in group with hypothyroidism relative to control and sham groups. based on our results and Studies of other researchers, hydro alcoholic Walnut leaf extractcan protect red blood cells and hemoglobin against oxidant damage , because it contains flavonoid and polyphenol compounds with high antioxidant properties and the number of eosinophil increased significantly. The compounds present in the extract can also inhibit the aggregation and adhesion of platelets, and cause an increase in the Platelet count in patients with hypothyroidism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
493 - A Survey of Nutritional Composition in Three Fillet Areas (Head, Middle and Tail) of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
سکینه یگانه زیبنده محرابی فاطمه قوامیThe objective of the currentresearch was to investigate the distribution of lipid, protein and moisturethroughout the fillets of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Differences in lipid, protein and moisture content were found amongst different portions of the f MoreThe objective of the currentresearch was to investigate the distribution of lipid, protein and moisturethroughout the fillets of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Differences in lipid, protein and moisture content were found amongst different portions of the fillet, being lowest lipid and highest moisture (9.86andplusmn;0.72), (77.42andplusmn;1.45) in the tail area and contrast highest lipid and lowest moisture in the middle area (11.28andplusmn;0.79), (75.35andplusmn;1.90) respectively (pandlt;0.05). Also recorded the highest amount of protein (42.92andplusmn;1.52) in the tail area and lowest protein (41.23andplusmn;1.89) in the middle area (pandgt;0.05). Significant positive regression was obtained between moisture and lipid content of each area, so it seems to calculate lipid content of each area by moisture content Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
494 - The Study of Genetic Variation in DifferentPopulations of The Zigzag Mountain ViperMontivipera albicornuta) in its Distribution Range By UsingMitochondrial GeneSequencing
زینب فخارمنش اسکندر رستگار پویانی حاجی قلی کمیThe zigzagmountain viper (Montivipera albicornuta) was first described in 1985 by Goran Nilson and Clases Andren. Since that time it is known as an Iranian endemic viper species.Its geographical distribution range is confined to Iran in four provinces of Gilan, Ghazvin, MoreThe zigzagmountain viper (Montivipera albicornuta) was first described in 1985 by Goran Nilson and Clases Andren. Since that time it is known as an Iranian endemic viper species.Its geographical distribution range is confined to Iran in four provinces of Gilan, Ghazvin, Eastern Azebayejan and Zanjan, usually inhabiting the highlands and mountains with over 2500m elevationIn order to determine the amounts of genetic variation among different populations of this species in three geographically distant localities, 35 specimens of this species in three provinces of Gilan, Zanjan and eastern Azerbaijan Were collected. After extracting the genomic DNA, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were used to amplify the mitochondrial CO1 gene in all specimens. The amplified DNA fragments were then sequenced and analyzed with PAUP and Mega5softwares. Phylogenetic methods of Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Laikelihood and Neighbor Joining were applied to recinstruct phylogeny of the populations. The results of this study indicated that different populations of Montivipera albicornuta is Iran are quite homogenous genetically, so that the mean genetic difference among its populations is not greater than 0/005.This results indicate that the zigzagmountain vipermay distributed in Iran quite recently so that the geographically different populations are just in the beginning of a speciation process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
495 - The Effects of Adding Cinnamon Powder (Cinnamomum verum) on Some Blood and Growth Factors in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Juvenile
Abdolreza. Fattahi Hamid Faghani Majid Mohammad Nejad Seyed Hamed Mousavi SabetThis study aimed to determine different dose effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) powder on some blood and growth factors in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) which investigated for eight weeks. For this purpose, 750 fish were examined with the mean weight of 20 MoreThis study aimed to determine different dose effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) powder on some blood and growth factors in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) which investigated for eight weeks. For this purpose, 750 fish were examined with the mean weight of 20±5 g in a completely randomized design with five treatments and three repeats for each treatment. The fish were daily fed by 3% body weight with a diet containing 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 g of cinnamon powder per 1 kg of feed. Growth factors were measured every two weeks, and hematological parameters were measured at the end of 8th week due to the standard laboratory measures on peduncle blood. Maximum weight, total length, specific growth rate, and optimal feed conversion ratio belonged to the feed containing 12 g of cinnamon (p < 0.05). Regarding the blood factors, no significant difference existed between various treatments and control group, while the maximum number of leukocytes and highest percentage of lymphocyte were observed in the treatment containing 12 g of cinnamon powder (p < 0.05). In general, it can be concluded that cinnamon powder stimulates growth, enhances the immune system, prevents the diseases, and promotes the resistance in the rainbow trout juvenile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
496 - The Efect of Adding Prebiotic, Synbiotic and Phytobiotic Supplements in the Diet on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Some Blood Parameters of Fattening Zell Lambs
Mehdi Saravani Mohsen Hajipour Kaveh Jafari Khorshidi Seyed Makan Mousavi Kashani Parvin ShawrangIn this study, the effect of adding prebiotic, synbiotic and phytobiotic supplements in the diet on growth performance, carcass traits, apparent digestibility of nutrients and some blood parameters of fattening Zell lambs was investigated. For this purpose, 24 Zell male MoreIn this study, the effect of adding prebiotic, synbiotic and phytobiotic supplements in the diet on growth performance, carcass traits, apparent digestibility of nutrients and some blood parameters of fattening Zell lambs was investigated. For this purpose, 24 Zell male lambs with an avrage age of about 5 months and an avrage weight of 25.4±0.50 were used for 90 days. The experimental treatments included 1- control group (no supplement), 2- treatment containing 2 g of A-Max prebiotic supplement, 3- treatment containing 4 g of Biomin IMBO synbiotic supplement, and 4- treatment containing 6 g of Bioherbal phytobiotic supplement per head of lamb per day. The growth performance results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental treatments in the fattening weight, dry matter intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). The highest weight at the end of the fattening period, dry matter intake and daily weight gain were observed in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement. The treatment with 6 g of phytobiotic supplement had the lowest feed conversion ratio. The highest apparent digestibility of dry matter, NDF and ADF was observed in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement (p < 0.05). The results of some blood serum parameters showed that there was a significant difference in the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and blood urea nitrogen between the experimental treatments (p < 0.05). The highest concentration of glucose was in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement, the lowest concentration of cholesterol was in the treatment of 6 g of phytobiotic supplement. Blood urea nitrogen had the lowest concentration in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement. The treatment with 4 g of synbiotic supplement had the highest hot carcass weight, hot carcass percentage, cold carcass weight, cold carcass percentage, thigh percentage and shoulder percentage (p < 0.05). The present research showed that the addition of 4 g of synbiotic supplement in the diet improved the growth performance, valuable parts of the carcass and the apparent digestibility of nutrients in fattening lambs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
497 - The Importance of Minerals in the Nutrition of the Main Farming Species of the Shrimp Industry
Moslem SharifiniaThe presence of minerals in aquatic food is necessary due to their vital role in physical activities. Shrimps of the Panaeid family are valuable aquatic animals that live widely in tropical and subtropical waters and account for more than half of the world's gross shrim MoreThe presence of minerals in aquatic food is necessary due to their vital role in physical activities. Shrimps of the Panaeid family are valuable aquatic animals that live widely in tropical and subtropical waters and account for more than half of the world's gross shrimp production. The purpose of the upcoming study is to investigate the knowledge and information available in the field of mineral nutrition in shrimps of the Panaideh family. Also, the present study will examine how the aquatic environment and the life cycle of shrimp affect the needs and role of minerals in the health of shrimp. In addition to the cases mentioned in this review, the methods of supplying minerals to shrimps through water or feed or the use of mineral supplements in the diet have been discussed. The results of various studies showed that the estimation of dietary requirements for most minerals in the main species of shrimp farming (Penaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon and Penaeus japonicus) is wide and some essential minerals have not been studied. Moreover, currently there is no comprehensive and sufficient information on the requirements of important minerals such as iron, manganese, selenium and zinc as well as other rare minerals for predominant species of farmed shrimp and even in some cases there is no information at all. For example, the magnesium requirements of P. monodon have not yet been confirmed. In general, it can be concluded that more knowledge is needed to understand the mineral needs in different life stages of farmed shrimp, including the critical stages of molting.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
498 - The Effect of Using Planorbis sp as Food on Growth Indices of Yasuhikotakia sidthimunki
Ali Ahmadi Asor Maryam ShapooriThis study was aimed at investigating the effects of using Planorbis sp as a natural and low-cost food on the growth indices of Yasuhikotakia sidthimunki, one of the most famous loach fish in the ornamental fish industry. To this end, 135 baby fish with an average weigh MoreThis study was aimed at investigating the effects of using Planorbis sp as a natural and low-cost food on the growth indices of Yasuhikotakia sidthimunki, one of the most famous loach fish in the ornamental fish industry. To this end, 135 baby fish with an average weight of 1.0 ±0.01 g and an initial length of 3 ±0.02 cm were collected. Then, they were distributed in equal numbers in nine glass aquariums with dimensions of 40 * 40 * 90 cm. In this study, three treatments of natural food (snail), corporate (biomar), and combination (snail + biomar) were used to feed loach fish for 48 days. Weight factors, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, specific growth rate, and weight gain percentage were examined during bioassay operations. The results revealed that the highest mean weight (2.62 g) and final length (4.56 cm) were obtained in the combined feeding treatment. Moreover, the comparison of fish survival percentage in different treatments shows the highest survival percentage in the combined diet with 7.97% and the lowest survival percentage in the snail diet with 3.93%, not showing a significant difference in this factor (P < 0.05). The results show that the combined use of snails and biomar in the diet leads to improved growth indices in fish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
499 - Effect of Multiple Dietary Supplements on the Sperm Parameters Quality
F. Bassri M.H. Nasr-Esfahani M. Forouzanfar M. TavallaeeExcessive production of oxidative stress is considered as a risk factor for reproduction. Several studies show that high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can affect spermatogenesis process and fertility potential in men. For treatment of these individuals, antioxi MoreExcessive production of oxidative stress is considered as a risk factor for reproduction. Several studies show that high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can affect spermatogenesis process and fertility potential in men. For treatment of these individuals, antioxidant therapy is suggested. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multiple micronutrient supplement that contains vitamins B, Zinc and N-acetylcysteine on sperm parameters in infertile men. This study was performed on 30 infertile men referred to the Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center. Semen parameters (concentration, motility, and morphology) were assessed before and after three month of treatment with supplement (2 tablets per day; 600mg). The result of this study showed a significant improvement in sperm motility and morphology (p<0.05) after compared to before treatment. In addition, sperm concentration insignificantly increased after treatment with supplement (p>0.05). Considering multiple micronutrient supplement is containing all of the B vitamins and essential component of One-Carbone cycle, therefore improvement of sperm parameters can be observed due to improved antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
500 - Improvement yield and grain protein of barley (Hordeum valgare L.) by iron, manganese and zinc foliar spray
Majid Rajaie Mojtaba CharkhandehIn order to investigate the effect of iron, manganese and zinc foliar spray on the yield and grain protein in barley, an experiment was carried out in a randomized completely block design with 3 replications in Darab, during 2012-2013. The total of 8 treatments were use MoreIn order to investigate the effect of iron, manganese and zinc foliar spray on the yield and grain protein in barley, an experiment was carried out in a randomized completely block design with 3 replications in Darab, during 2012-2013. The total of 8 treatments were used that consisted of T1- Control test without spraying, T2- Spraying with a concentration of 0.2% iron, T3- 0.2% zinc, T4- 0.2% Mn, T5- T2+T3, T6- T2+T4, T7- T3+T4 and T8- T2+T3+T4. The results showed that application of micronutrient fertilizers increased the yield and yield components of barley. So that the simultaneous application of iron, zinc and manganese could significantly increase the grain yield, number of grains per ear, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, harvest index, stem soluble carbohydrates and grain protein. The highest concentrations of iron, zinc and manganese in grain and leaf were observed when each one of the elements was individually sprayed on plant aerial parts. The lowest concentrations of iron, zinc and manganese in grain were obtained in the combination of zinc+ manganese, iron+ manganese and iron + zinc, respectively. Among the applied, iron had the best effect on the increase of grain yield than the other elements. By increasing the number of elements used in the spraying solutions, their efficiency in supplying the plant requirement was reduced. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that in addition to grain enrichment, the micronutrient fertilizers have been able to increase the yield and yield components of the barley Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
501 - Effect of iron, manganese and boron micronutrients on some morphological and quantitative characteristics of sugar beet seed
masomeh nasiri raouf ssharifi. In order to influence the micronutrient elements on sugar beet seed, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications of Ardebil Agricultural Research Station. The treatments consisted of the lack of spraying (control) and spray More. In order to influence the micronutrient elements on sugar beet seed, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications of Ardebil Agricultural Research Station. The treatments consisted of the lack of spraying (control) and spraying with iron, manganese, boron, iron and manganese, iron and boron, boron, manganese and iron, manganese and boron. Each plot consisted of six planting lines with a length of 6 meters and a spacing of 65 centimeters. Seed roots were planted with 50 × 65 cm arrangement (plant density of 3.08 plants /m2). The results of the experiment showed that the effect of treatments on dry weight of branch and dry weight of the whole seed was significant at 1% probability level. Comparison of the averages showed that the fertilizer combination of 4 in 1000 (boron and manganese) in morphological traits was superior to other fertilizer compounds. Also, the effect of micronutrient treatment on seed weight was higher than standard size and seed weight higher than 4.5 mm at 1% probability level. Among the compounds used, the fertilizer combination of 4 in 1000 (Iron and boron) was superior to other fertilizers in terms of traits related to seed traits in addition to increasing the above mentioned traits, weight loss was less effective than control. Therefore, these two combinations of fertilizers (Iron+boron and Boron+ Manganese)are recommended as the best fertilizer levels for achieving high yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
502 - The Study of the Level of Health Literacy of the Patients Visiting to the Hospitals in Ahvaz city and Its Influential Socio-Cultural Factors
ahmad ghanavati Seyed Naser Hejazi mohamad ali chitsazHealth literacy has been considered as the ability of individuals to receive the information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions and as a key outcome in health education. Benefiting from health services, timely receipt of these services and optimal MoreHealth literacy has been considered as the ability of individuals to receive the information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions and as a key outcome in health education. Benefiting from health services, timely receipt of these services and optimal use of health resources, is possible only through health literacy and providing it to the community. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the level of health literacy of patients visiting hospitals in Ahvaz and the influence of social and cultural factors. The research method was descriptive-survey and the statistical population was all patients visiting hospitals in Ahvaz. Cluster sampling method and statistical sampling using sample power software, 170 patients were selected as the sample size. For data collection, Montazeri et al.'s Health Literacy Questionnaire (2014) and Gholizadeh et al.'s Nutrition Culture Questionnaire (2017) were used. The reliability of the questionnaires using Cronbach's alpha was above 0.7 and was confirmed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Pearson, Spearman, independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance at the statistical level of 0.05. The results showed that the level of health literacy of patients referred to hospitals in Ahvaz with an average (34.36) is inadequate. Also, the variables of age, level of education, level of income and nutritional culture were related to patients' level of health literacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
503 - Growth and survival rate of Kutum (Rutilus frissi kutum) juvenile fed with (Eisneia foetidae) and its comparison with consternate diet
Yashar Beikwerdi Mahnaz Sadat Sadeqi Akbar Pourgholami Afshin Amiri Sendesi Mohammadreza Rahimi Hur Torabi Jefroudi Shahriyar TaghipourThe kutum (Rutilus frissi kutum) of the most economic species of fish which should artificially breed to improves the stock of it. One of the critical points of its culture is finding the best and cheap diet for this species. The aim of this study is to study the compar MoreThe kutum (Rutilus frissi kutum) of the most economic species of fish which should artificially breed to improves the stock of it. One of the critical points of its culture is finding the best and cheap diet for this species. The aim of this study is to study the comparison between the growth performance and survival rate of fish which fed Eisenia fotidae and concentrate diet. The experiment was designed in a semi intensive system with stable physicochemical parameters. 180 fish with initial average weight 1.75 g and 6.20 cm length were stocked in 12 tanks and fed with different levels of Eisenia foetidae (0.25%, 50% and 75%) during 60 days. The BWI%, SGR, FCR, CF, ADG and survival rate were estimated. The results showed the best growth and nutrition performance and observed in treatments which fed Eisnenia foetidae, all of which fed Eisena foetidae, but with increasing the percentage of Eisena foetidae, all of the parameters were decreased. In conclusion, usage of Eisena foetidae had not benefited the effects on growth performance of kutum and this ingredient should be used in lower levels in diet of kutum juveniles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
504 - Effects of Dietary Aquablend® supplement on growth performance, survival rate and immune factors of Aequidens rivulatus
Mehrdad Shirinabadi Asghar NorouziThis study evaluates the effects of dietary supplement Aquablend Avrin® on growth performance, nutrition, survival rate and immune factors in Aequidens rivulatus. 150 juvenile fish with initial average weight 1.50 + 0.20 g were fed by diets which contain 0.125, 0.25 MoreThis study evaluates the effects of dietary supplement Aquablend Avrin® on growth performance, nutrition, survival rate and immune factors in Aequidens rivulatus. 150 juvenile fish with initial average weight 1.50 + 0.20 g were fed by diets which contain 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 g/kg supplement (treatments 1, 2, 3, 4) for two months. The results showed that 4th treatment had the best PER, FI, BWI, SGR, WBC, Albumine, Glubuline and the total serum protein (p<0.05). The FCR of 3rd and 4th treatments showed significant decrease in comparison with the first treatment (p<0.05). The least growth and nutrition performance and immunological factors were observed in the first treatment. In second and third treatments no positive effects were observed in growth and nutrition performance but there were significant immunological responses in comparison with the control (p<0.05). In conclusion, the best treatment was the 4th, so the results showed that usage of 1 g/kg Aquablend had beneficiary effects in Aequidens rivulatus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
505 - Dietary phospholipids (PL) levels on haematology parameters of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles
Mahmoudreza Ebrahimnezhad Cheroos Ibn Saad Abdolmohammad Abedian KenaryA study was carried out to determine the influence of dietary phospholipids (PL) levels on haematology parameters of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles. Juveniles were fed formulated diet with four varying dietary levels of PL i.e. 0 (D1), 2 (D2), 4 (D3), and 6% (D4) MoreA study was carried out to determine the influence of dietary phospholipids (PL) levels on haematology parameters of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles. Juveniles were fed formulated diet with four varying dietary levels of PL i.e. 0 (D1), 2 (D2), 4 (D3), and 6% (D4). At the end of the experimental period (56 days), results of the experiment also showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) observed in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (g/dl). Fish fed diet D2 (2% PL) had the highest MCHC with a value of 33.3 g/dl. There was no significant different (P>0.05) in other haematology parameters such as red blood cells (RBC), haematocrit (Hct), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and white blood cells (WBC) in treated fish . The highest RBC reading was found in fish fed diet D2 with numerical value of 1.07 (cells/l) for and the lowest value was found for fish fed diet D1 with a value of 0.86 (cells/l). Percent haematocrit readings ranged from the highest (fish fed D3) to the lowest (fish fed D1) with values of 26.33 and 25.00% respectively. Haemoglobin (Hb) ranging from the highest (fish fed D2) to the lowest (fish fed D1) with values of 8.64 and 7.67 (g/dl) respectively.The measurement of differentiated white blood cell of Huso huso with varying dietary phospholipids levels such as lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils also showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) amongst the treatments. Thehighest percentage amount of lymphocyte and monocyte were found in fish fed diet D2 with values of 71.67% and 3.67% respectively. While the highest readings for neutrophils, and eosinophils was found in fish fed diets D1 and D4 with values of 21.33% and 8.33% respectively. In conclusion, the addition of phospholipids in the juvenile’s beluga sturgeon no effect on hematological parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
506 - Effects of Zinc and nitrogen fertilizer on some qualitative and quantitative indices of wheat under late season low-irrigation condition
javad hasanpour mansoureh Khalatbari laleh Dehghan An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of Zn spraying and nitrogen fertilizer application on wheat under water stress condition, in varamin agricultural research center in 2005-16. a split-factorial layout within randomized complete bl More An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of Zn spraying and nitrogen fertilizer application on wheat under water stress condition, in varamin agricultural research center in 2005-16. a split-factorial layout within randomized complete block design with three replications were used. main plots were three irrigation treatments and sub plots were two, Zn spraying and Nitrogen fertilizer treatments with factorial arrangment. The result showed that, Cutting irrigation at both flowering and grain filling stages significantly reduced biological yield and grain yield, but the severity of this reduction was greater for stopping irrigation at flowering time. The highest grain yield was observed in the optimal irrigation treatment at 6667 kg ha-1. Non-Irrigation at the beginning of flowering and seed filling stages resulted in a yield reduction of 30 and 18.6%, respectively. The average weight loss of TKW due to stress at flowering and grain filling stages were 35.5 and 29.7%, respectively. On the other hand, stress caused an increase in protein content as well as moisture content of gluten, while the amount of zinc in grain decreased significantly. Weight loss of 1000 grains of wheat, followed by loss of starch storage increased the protein to starch ratio. There was no significant difference between nitrogen fertilizer supply from urea and ammonium sulfate except for plant height and peduncle length. Foliar application of zinc reduced stress damage on grain yield and increased zinc content from 36 to 38.2 ppm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
507 - Effect of different levels of iron and zinc concentrations of micronutrients on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) single cross 260
Hamid Goudarzi Pourang Kasraie Behnam ZandTo study the effects of micronutrient concentrations of iron and zinc on maize (Zea maysL.) KSC 260 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications Education - Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin -Pyshva was condu MoreTo study the effects of micronutrient concentrations of iron and zinc on maize (Zea maysL.) KSC 260 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications Education - Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin -Pyshva was conducted in July 1392. First of iron sulphate fertilizer at three levels (zero, two, four thousand liters) and the second zinc sulfate fertilizer at three levels (zero, four, eight per liter) is sprayed in two steps (first eight-leaf stage and secondly tassel emergence) was performed. The results showed that the interaction between the treatment of iron concentration on four thousand and four hundred on a test characteristics and biological function of the average 24856.3 (Kg.ha), with an average yield of 9496.5 (Kg.ha), with an average of 9.06 percent protein performance fibers with an average 860.4 (Kg.ha), with an average of 38.72% and harvest index (LAI), with a mean value of 6.27 compared to the control (non-use spray), giving the greatest impact on corn (Zea mays L. ) KSC 260 is in Varamin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
508 - The effect of foliar application of cycocel and iron and zinc micronutrient elements on yield and physiological traits of wheat under different irrigation regimes.
سعید Sayfzadeh ناصر Shahsavari سعید AkbarimehrCycocel as a growth regulator and micronutrient elements can moderate the effects of drought stress. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of cycocel and iron and zinc micronutrient elements on the yield and physiological trai MoreCycocel as a growth regulator and micronutrient elements can moderate the effects of drought stress. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of cycocel and iron and zinc micronutrient elements on the yield and physiological traits of wheat pishgam cultivar under drought stress conditions in a private farm in Rabat Karim, Tehran, during the cropping years of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The experiment was carried out in the form of split plots in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications. In this experiment, irrigation at two levels (I1: full irrigation (custom of the region) and I2: interruption of irrigation at the beginning of the spike emergence stage or 51 Zadoks) As the main factor, cycocel at two levels (C1: no use (spraying solution with pure water) and C2: consumption of cycocel at the rate of 0.5 liters per hectare) and foliar application of micronutrient elements in two stages of stem formation and spike emergence at four levels (F1: no use (pure water spray solution), F2: iron foliar application, F3: zinc foliar application, and F4: iron foliar application + zinc (each at a ratio of 3 per thousand) As sub-factors, they were factorial placed in sub-plots. The results of composite data analysis showed that the main effect of irrigation, cycocel foliar application and the interaction effect of irrigation × cycocel at the level of five percent and foliar application of micronutrient elements at the level of one percent was significant on grain yield. The results of comparing the averages of the effect of irrigation and cycocel on grain yield showed that the highest grain yield belonged to the cycocel application treatment under normal irrigation conditions with an average of 7077 kg/ha. The use of cycocel in normal irrigation conditions and also in stress conditions in the spike stage or 51 Zadoks increased grain yield. This increase was more evident under normal irrigation conditions. The results of comparing the averages of the effect of foliar application of micronutrients on grain yield showed that iron + zinc foliar application had the highest grain yield with an average of 5543 kg/ha, and the lowest grain yield belonged to the control treatment with an average of 4638 kg/ha. According to the obtained results, although the drought is causing damage to wheat, but cycocel, iron and Zinc foliar application partially compensated the damage caused by drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
509 - Investigating the effect of foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers and humic acid on sesame yield in Gorgan
مریم Taheri Nejad حسین Ajamnourozi محمدرضا AjamnouroziIn order to determine the effect of foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers and humic acid consumption on the yield and yield components of sesame in the delayed planting date, an experiment was conducted in the research farm of Iraqi Mahalle station in the crop MoreIn order to determine the effect of foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers and humic acid consumption on the yield and yield components of sesame in the delayed planting date, an experiment was conducted in the research farm of Iraqi Mahalle station in the crop year of 2022. This research was carried out as a completely randomized block design with 9 treatments in 3 replications in the research farm of the Iraqi Mahalle. In each plot, 5 rows were planted, the distance between rows was 40 cm and the distance between replications was 3 meters. The studied traits included plant height, harvest index, seed yield, thousand seed weight and biological yield. The results obtained from this study showed that the treatment with humic acid + micronutrient, control and control + irrigation fertilizer + humic acid fertilizer had the highest biological performance, and the lowest biological performance was related to humic acid irrigation fertilizer and irrigation fertilizer + micronutrient. Also, the weight of one thousand seeds in the control group and the eighth treatment was significantly lower compared to other treatments. These results show that the use of micronutrient fertilizers and humic acid could significantly increase the weight of a thousand seeds. Finally, the seed yield was significantly higher in control, control + humic acid seed, and control + humic acid seed + micronutrient than other treatments. These results show that application of humic acid has better effects on grain yield than other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
510 - Study the Effect of Various Levels of Municipal Compost on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat cv. Chamran under Salinity Stress
Majid Rakhshanderu Vahid Mohammad Khani Nasrin Shaban Zeynab SarafrazAbiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, high temperatures, toxicity of chemicals and oxidative stress are serious threats to agriculture and the environment. This research was carried out in a greenhouse in Khorramabad, Lorestan province, in 2018 in a randomized com MoreAbiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, high temperatures, toxicity of chemicals and oxidative stress are serious threats to agriculture and the environment. This research was carried out in a greenhouse in Khorramabad, Lorestan province, in 2018 in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The test factors in this study consisted of three levels of salinity including control (0 ds/m), mild stress (4 dS/m) and severe stress (8 ds/m), and five levels of biological fertilizers including no compost application as control, and two, four, six and eight tons per hectare of municipal compost application. The results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced the number of seeds per spike of wheat plant and the lowest number of seeds per spike was recorded in severe salt stress treatments. Also, intense salinity stress significantly reduced the grain harvest index compared to non-stress conditions and increased the harvest index from 52% under unstable conditions to 29% in severe stress conditions. According to the results, salinity stress significantly reduced wheat grain yield and the lowest grain yield was recorded in salt stress and non-consumption of compost at a rate of 2.6 tons per hectare. Considering the important role of biofertilizers in improving physical, chemical, biological and soil fertility, providing appropriate levels of these materials in the soil in order to reduce the use of chemical inputs in pursuit of sustainable agricultural objectives in order to achieve a sustainable yield is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
511 - Study the Effects of Application of Vermicompost and Mycorrhiza Inoculation on Growth and Yield Parameters of Wheat under Drought Stress Conditions
Allah Bakhsh Safari Mohammad Mirzaei HeydariPresent study was conducted for evaluation of the effect of vermicompost (VC) and mycorrhiza on growth and yield and biochemical traits of wheat under drought stress conditions in greenhouse. Factors include three levels of irrigation, three VC levels (0, 3 and 6 percen MorePresent study was conducted for evaluation of the effect of vermicompost (VC) and mycorrhiza on growth and yield and biochemical traits of wheat under drought stress conditions in greenhouse. Factors include three levels of irrigation, three VC levels (0, 3 and 6 percent) and application and non-application of mycorrhiza. Results of present study showed positive and significant impact of vermicompost and mycorrhiza inoculation on wheat growth traits under drought stress conditions. Also, According to results Highest grain yield by 4.22 ton/ha achieved in control level of drought stress and application 6 percent VC and mycorrhiza and lowest amount obtained in non-application of mycorrhiza and VC by 2.89 ton/ha. Results showed that application of vermicompost and mycorrhiza inoculation caused to increasing proline content in plant and consequently increase in plant resistance to drought conditions which was evident in wheat plant yield and yield components. Organic fertilizers due to long term impacts on soil properties, providing micro- and macro nutrients and maintenance of soil biological properties could be economic and compensate production cost of bio-fertilizers and so make possible continuous and optimal use of agricultural land possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
512 - Study the Effects of Application of Vermicompost and Mycorrhiza Inoculation on Growth and Yield Parameters of Wheat under Drought Stress Conditions
Allah Bakhsh Safari Mohammad Mirzaei HeidariPresent study was conducted for evaluation of the effect of vermicompost (VC) and mycorrhiza on growth and yield and biochemical traits of wheat under drought stress conditions in greenhouse. Factors include three levels of irrigation, three VC level (0, 3 and 6 percent MorePresent study was conducted for evaluation of the effect of vermicompost (VC) and mycorrhiza on growth and yield and biochemical traits of wheat under drought stress conditions in greenhouse. Factors include three levels of irrigation, three VC level (0, 3 and 6 percent) and application and non-application of mycorrhiza. Results of present study showed positive and significant impact of vermicompost and mycorrhiza inoculation on wheat growth traits under drought stress conditions. Also, According to results Highest grain yield by 4.22 ton/ha achieved in control level of drought stress and application 6 percent VC and mycorrhiza and lowest amount obtained in non-application of mycorrhiza and VC by 2.89 ton/ha. Results showed that application of vermicompost and mycorrhiza inoculation caused to increasing proline content in plant and consequently increase in plant resistance to drought conditions which was evident in wheat plant yield and yield components. Organic fertilizers due to long term impacts on soil properties, providing micro- and macro nutrients and maintenance of soil biological properties could be economic and compensate production cost of bio-fertilizers and so make possible continuous and optimal use of agricultural land possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
513 - Investigating the growth characteristics and composition of fatty acids of the medicinal plant Carthamus tinctorius cultivar Safeh under the influence of humic acid and zinc chelate
Fatemeh Nejadhabibvash Zainab Rashidi Ali HeidarzadehThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of safflower under the influence of humic acid and zinc chelate in field conditions. The experiment was carried out in a factorial form in the form of randomized complete blocks in a farm in Saqez city in 2019. T MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of safflower under the influence of humic acid and zinc chelate in field conditions. The experiment was carried out in a factorial form in the form of randomized complete blocks in a farm in Saqez city in 2019. The results showed that the effect of humic acid treatment was significant at the 5% probability level on plant height and on the number of sub-branches at the 5% probability level. The effect of zinc chelate and the interaction of treatments on both traits were significant at the 1% probability level. The use of all three foliar treatments (humic acid zinc chelate and the interaction of treatments) had a significant effect on the number of seeds per plant. Comparison of averages showed. The highest number of seeds per plant in the combined treatment of 1 mg/liter of zinc chelate and 400 mg/liter of humic acid (125/33) as well as the treatment of 2 mg/liter of zinc chelate (123/25) and the lowest number in There was a combined treatment of 100 mg/l of humic acid and 2 mg/l of zinc chelate. The results showed that zinc chelate treatment and the combined treatment of zinc chelate and humic acid had a significant effect on the number of leaves in safflower plant, but humic acid treatment did not have a significant effect on this trait. C The results of the present study showed that the amount of linoleic acid increased with the addition of humic acid and zinc chelate, but the amount of oleic acid decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
514 - Investigating the effect of growth regulators on callusing and Somatic Embryogenesis of of Pekan variety walnut under in vitro conditions
mohammad dali mohammad motamedi Shahab SadaWalnut (Juglans regia L.) is a plant with a high economic value, and the use of micro propagation techniques will be very effective in the vegetative propagation of uniform superior cultivars and genotypes of walnut. In order to optimize walnut tissue culture, in this r MoreWalnut (Juglans regia L.) is a plant with a high economic value, and the use of micro propagation techniques will be very effective in the vegetative propagation of uniform superior cultivars and genotypes of walnut. In order to optimize walnut tissue culture, in this research, fresh branches of Pekan variety walnut trees were separated and transferred to the laboratory. For sterilization, callus formation and somatic embryogenesis, three experiments were performed with different treatments. Six sterilization treatments in a completely randomized design with 4 replications were considered for this research. In order to obtain callus, DKW culture medium was considered as the basic culture medium. 8 treatments of callus formation were investigated in a completely randomized design in 3 replications. In order to achieve indirect somatic embryogenesis, different combinations of TDZ and NAA were investigated in a completely randomized design in 4 replications. The results of analysis of variance of sterilization data indicated the existence of a significant difference between the mentioned treatments. The results of sterilization treatments showed 20% sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes along with 70% alcohol for 15 seconds as the best result for sterilization of explants. DKW medium supplemented with 3 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L NAA gave the best result in callus formation. TDZ in the amount of 6 μM along with NAA in the amount of 0.2 μM had the best results in the embryogenesis of the resulting callus Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
515 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
516 - Effects of Replacing Canola Meal with Soybean Meal in Broiler Chicken Diet on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Liver Enzymes during Different Rearing Periods
M. Mohammadian Amiri B. Dastar R. Mirshekar O. AshayerizadehSoybean meal is more beneficial than canola meal (CM) due to the better balance of amino acids in the nutrition of broilers. Three experiments were conducted to assess the impact of replacing soybean meal with CM at different levels during the rearing stages of Ross 308 MoreSoybean meal is more beneficial than canola meal (CM) due to the better balance of amino acids in the nutrition of broilers. Three experiments were conducted to assess the impact of replacing soybean meal with CM at different levels during the rearing stages of Ross 308 male broilers on performance, carcass traits, and liver enzyme concentrations. In the first experiment, 420 one-day-old chicks received starter diets with six graded levels of CM from 0 to 15% for 10 days. In the second experiment, 360 eleven-day-old chicks were fed six experimental grower diets varying in CM from 0 to 25% over 14 days. In the third experiment, three hundred 25-day-old chicks were subjected to six finisher diets ranging in CM from 0 to 40% over 18 days. The findings revealed that the inclusion of the CM at the examined levels had no adverse effects on broilers' performance, carcass traits, and liver enzymes in the first and second experiments (P>0.05). Die-tary CM inclusion of more than 32% in the third experiment had significant adverse effects on the perform-ance, European broiler index, and liver enzymes of broilers (P<0.05). In conclusion, the CM can be in-cluded in broiler diets at levels up to 15% during the starter and 20% during the grower periods without adversely affecting growth performance and carcass traits. Nonetheless, an inclusion level of CM exceeding 32% of the diet during the finisher period resulted in decreased weight gain and harmful effects on liver function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
517 - The Effect of Combined Application of Biological, Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Growth Responses and Quality of Several Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) in Northern Khuzestan Province
mansour timar Shahram Lack Alireza Shokuhfar Naser Zarifinia mojtaba alavifazelIn order to investigate the effect of nutrition management of different potato cultivars, on the quantitative and qualitative traits and nutrients content in the potato tuber, an experiment was conducted in Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center of Dezful as split plot MoreIn order to investigate the effect of nutrition management of different potato cultivars, on the quantitative and qualitative traits and nutrients content in the potato tuber, an experiment was conducted in Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center of Dezful as split plot based on completely randomized block design with three replications during two cropping years 2016-2017. The studied treatments are nutrition at three levels (application of urea, triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate fertilizers (180, 150 and 100 kg.ha-1, respectively), nutrition with humic acid organic fertilizer and phosphorus Barvar-2 (1kg and 100 g.ha-1, respectively) and combined nutrition treatment with chemical fertilizers + humic acid+ phosphorus Barvar-2) in main plots and potato cultivars (Sante, Arinda and Savalan) in sub plots. The results showed that chemical fertilizer treatments had a higher percentage of dry matter than other nutritional treatments and nutritional treatment with chemical fertilizer+ humic acid+Barvar-2 was in the next rank. Also, findings showed that Sante cultivar in the second year with application of chemical fertilizer had higher percentage of dry matter than other treatments by 27.69 percent followed by Savalan cultivar was in the same nutrition treatment in the second year of cultivation 26.47 percent dry matter. Based on the results of mean comparison, the nitrogen content of potato in the second year increased significantly compared to the first year and the highest nitrogen content was observed in the studied treatments in the second year of the study. The highest amount of phosphorus was the humic acid+ Barvar-2 treatment in the second year by 3.31 mg. g-1 in Arinda cultivar. Generally, humic acid treatments were better than other nutritional treatments in terms of phosphorus levels. Also, according to the qualitative traits, the lowest levels of solanine toxin were obtained in the first and second year in Savalan cultivar, by 546.4 and 632. 2μg.g-1 dry matter respectively. In chemical fertilizer nutrition treatments, Arinda cultivar had the lowest amount of solanine toxin in both years of research. Overall, the results of this study showed that Savalan cultivar had better performance than other cultivars and in general, the application of phosphorus Barvar-2 and humic acid improved the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of potatoes in the northern Khuzestan climatic conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
518 - The Critical Role of Nutrition in Acceleration of the Rehabilitation Process in Athletes
DANIEL TARMASTSports-related injuries have profound implications for athletes, encompassing their physical and mental health, a fact that must be acknowledged in light of the incidence of such incidents. In addition, organizations and sports federations bear significant financial bur MoreSports-related injuries have profound implications for athletes, encompassing their physical and mental health, a fact that must be acknowledged in light of the incidence of such incidents. In addition, organizations and sports federations bear significant financial burdens due to these injuries. The aforementioned expenditures comprise a wide range of medical interventions, including treatment, surgery, and the lengthy periods of rehabilitation that follow. A meticulously planned and precise nutritional plan implemented during the rehabilitation phase can substantially reduce costs by promoting speedy recovery and mitigating the likelihood of re-injuries. Protein is essential for tissue repair and preventing muscle degeneration during rehabilitation. A daily protein intake of 1.2 to 2 grams per kilogram of body weight is strongly advised, with leucine being particularly crucial. Due to their status as the primary energy source, carbohydrates play a crucial role in facilitating the process of recovery. It is advised that approximately 3 to 5 grams per kilogram of body weight, or 55% of caloric intake, comprise complex carbohydrates. It is crucial to emphasize that lipids should constitute approximately 20 to 25% of one's daily caloric intake. This equates to 0.8 to 2 grams of fat per kilogram of body weight per day. Empirical evidence supports the notion that integrating nourishing components into one's dietary plan, such as fish, avocado, and olive oil, is advantageous. It has been discovered that these nutrients reduce inflammation and promote tissue repair effectively. Coaches, athletes, and sports administrators can develop and implement effective nutrition programs by collaborating with sports nutrition specialists. This collaborative effort mitigates the financial strain of sports injuries while concurrently expediting the recuperation process. A balanced and concentrated dietary plan, comprising adequate quantities of protein, complex carbohydrates, and nourishing fats, is the foundation for athletes to reestablish their highest performance levels rapidly. Additionally, this dietary plan contributes to reducing recovery periods and relevant costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
519 - The effect of planting pattern and foliar application of micronutrients on yield and yield components of corn Cv. 704 Sc.
سعيد بداقي mohsen roshdiTo study the effects of sowing pattern and foliar application of Fe, Zn, and B on yield and yield components of corn Cv. 704 an experiment was done in stripe plot on the basis of randomized complete block design in four replications during the crop year of 2006 in the A MoreTo study the effects of sowing pattern and foliar application of Fe, Zn, and B on yield and yield components of corn Cv. 704 an experiment was done in stripe plot on the basis of randomized complete block design in four replications during the crop year of 2006 in the Agronomical Research Station of Khoy. In this experiment the first factor was in two levels: rectangular and square planting patter. Second factor was foliar application of micronutrients in eight levels which included control, foliar application of Fe, Zn, B, Fe+ Zn, Fe + B, Zn + B and Fe + Zn + B. Foliar application was done in 5000 ppm concentration. Results showed that ear length and seed number on ear were only affected by micronutrients foliar. Interaction of the two factors was significant on harvest index. In general, planting on square pattern and foliar application of micronutrients improved the yield components so that the highest yield was obtained in square pattern with 9.96 ton / ha and in foliar application of Fe, Zn, and B with 10.4 tons/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
520 - Effects of Nitrogen and Micronutrient Foliar Application on Yield and Yield Components of Pinto Beans
فرناز گنج آبادي فرزاد جلیلیTo evaluate the effect of nitrogen and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of pinto bean, an experiment was carried out as a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of W. Azarbaijan Agricultural MoreTo evaluate the effect of nitrogen and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of pinto bean, an experiment was carried out as a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of W. Azarbaijan Agricultural Research Center during the crop year of 2012-13. Treatments included three cultivars of nitrogen and four levels of micronutrient foliar application on many cultivars were significant. The greatest amount of pod length, plant height and harvest index were assigned to nitroxin cultivar and the maximum number of seed in pod and weight of 100 seed were allotted to urea. The highest pod length, number of pod in stem and plant height were assigned to boric acid cultivar and the maximum weight of 100 seed, protein yield and grain yield were obtained from Fe sulfate cultivar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
521 - The Effect of Irrigation Regims and Humic Acid Levels on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Saeed Mahdavi Naser Mohammadian Roshan Majid Ashouri Ebrahim Amiri hamidreza doroudianIn order to investigate the effect of irrigation regimes and amounts of humic acid on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of peanuts, an experiment was conducted a split in a randomized complete block design. It was performed with three replications in the MoreIn order to investigate the effect of irrigation regimes and amounts of humic acid on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of peanuts, an experiment was conducted a split in a randomized complete block design. It was performed with three replications in the cropping years of 2018 and 2019 in Astana-Ashrafieh city of Guilan province. Experimental treatments included irrigation regime (rainfed and water requirement of 60, 80 and 100%) as the first factor and humic acid (without fertilizer, 3, 6 and 9 L.ha-1) as the second (secondary) factor. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and humic acid on biological yield and pod and grain yield was significant. The highest grain yield was obtained in the irrigation treatment of 100 and 80% of water requirement and with the use of humic acid 9 L.ha-1 with an average of 2562 and 2526 kg.ha-1, respectively. Biological yield under 80 and 100% water requirement was 6714 and 6772 kg.ha-1, respectively. The highest biological yield was observed in different amounts of humic acid in treatments of 9 L.ha-1 at the amount of 7436 kg.ha-1. Pod yield in the treatment of 80 and 100% of water requirement were 2427 and 2435 kg.ha-1, respectively. The lowest and highest pod yields in different amounts of humic acid were in the treatments without fertilizer and 9 L.ha-1 with an average of 1453 and 2706 kg.ha-1, respectively. Treatment of 80% of plant water requirement and the amount of humic acid consumed at 9 L.ha-1 with an average of 745.5 kg.ha-1, had the highest rate compared to other treatments. According to the research results, the use of humic acid 9 L.ha-1 can be suggested by providing 80% of water requirement as suitable conditions for the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
522 - The effect of brain hemispheres, nutrition and spiritual remembrance on the school of pragmatism and Ibn Sinai
hamidreza saremi manesh seyedeh esmat rasouli Vahid FallahThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of brain hemispheres, nutrition and spiritual remembrance on the school of pragmatism and Ibn Sinaei. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection method. MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of brain hemispheres, nutrition and spiritual remembrance on the school of pragmatism and Ibn Sinaei. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study was all primary school students in Sabzevar, which was about 24,000 people in 100 public schools in the year 1398. Multi-stage random sampling method and statistical sample size based on all SEM experts (343 people) and considering the 20% probability of drop in the number of samples, 350 people were considered and analyzed. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. In the present study, the validity of content and structure was used to determine the validity of the questionnaires; also, in order to measure the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used, and the findings indicated the reliability and validity of the measuring instrument. The collected data obtained from the distribution of the questionnaire in two descriptive and inferential sections (structural equations) were analyzed using Spss22 and Amos software. Findings showed that the results of the study showed that: Hemispheres of the brain, nutrition, remembrance and the Qur'an are effective in improving the evolutionary processes of the brain by relying on the school of pragmatism and Ibn Sina. Manuscript profile
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