The Effects of Adding Cinnamon Powder (Cinnamomum verum) on Some Blood and Growth Factors in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Juvenile

Subject Areas : Journal of Animal Biology

Abdolreza. Fattahi ¹ , Hamid Faghani ² , Majid Mohammad Nejad ³ , Seyed Hamed Mousavi Sabet ⁴

1 - Department of Aquaculture, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Iran
2 - Department of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran.
3 - Department of Fisheries, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Gaz Branch, Bandars gaz, Iran
4 - Department of Fisheries Sciences, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran

Received: 2020-08-25 Accepted : 2020-11-22 Published : 2021-02-19

Keywords: Oncorhynchus mykiss, Growth index, Hematology index, Cinnamomum verum, Nutritional supplements,

Abstract :

This study aimed to determine different dose effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) powder on some blood and growth factors in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) which investigated for eight weeks. For this purpose, 750 fish were examined with the mean weight of 20±5 g in a completely randomized design with five treatments and three repeats for each treatment. The fish were daily fed by 3% body weight with a diet containing 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 g of cinnamon powder per 1 kg of feed. Growth factors were measured every two weeks, and hematological parameters were measured at the end of 8th week due to the standard laboratory measures on peduncle blood. Maximum weight, total length, specific growth rate, and optimal feed conversion ratio belonged to the feed containing 12 g of cinnamon (p < 0.05). Regarding the blood factors, no significant difference existed between various treatments and control group, while the maximum number of leukocytes and highest percentage of lymphocyte were observed in the treatment containing 12 g of cinnamon powder (p < 0.05). In general, it can be concluded that cinnamon powder stimulates growth, enhances the immune system, prevents the diseases, and promotes the resistance in the rainbow trout juvenile.

References:

1. Abd-El-Tawab, A.M., Yones, A.A., 2001. Environmental and nutritional studies on rearing of grey mullet Mugil cephalus in Fayoum fish farm. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds, 4, 719-730.


2. Adedeji, O.S., Farinu, G.O., Olayemi, T.B., Ameen, S.A. and Babatunde, G.M. 2008. The use of bitter kola (Garcinia kola) dry seed powder as a natural growth promoting agent in broiler chicks. Res. journal poultry science, 2: 78-81.


3. Ahmad, M.H., Elmesallamy, A.M.D., Samir, F. Zahran, F. 2011. Effect of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Whole-Body Composition, and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile Tilapia. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 23: 289-298.


4. Alishahi, M., Soltani, M., Mesbah, M., Ssmaeili Rad, A. 2011. Effects of dietary silybum marianum extract on immune parameters of the common carp (cyprinus carpio). Journal of Veterinary Research. 66(3): 255-263.


5. Alishahi, M., Soltani, M., Mesbah, M., Zargar, A. 2012a. Immunostimulatory and growth stimulation effects of Ergosan, Levamisole and herbal extracts in Cyprinus carpio. Journal of Veterinary Research. 67(2): 135-142.


6. Alishahi, M., Soltani, M., Mesbah, M., Namjooyan, F., Sabzevarizadeh, M., Razi Jalali, M. 2012b. Comparison of the effect of some chemical and plant safety stimulants in Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus). Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz). No. 2, pp. 58-68.


7. Amar, E.C., Kiron, V., Satoh, S. Watanabe, T. 2004. Enhancement  of  innate  immunity  in  reinbow  trout  (Oncorhynchus mykiss) associated  with  dietary  intake  of  carotenoids from  natural  products.  Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 16: 527-537.


8. Asadi, M.S., Mirvaghefei, A.R., Nematollahi, M.A., Banaee, M., Ahmadi, K., 2012. Effects of Watercress (Nasturtium nasturtium) extract on some immunological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Open Veterinary Journal 2, 32-39


9. Borges, A., Scotti, L.V., Siqueira, D.R., Jurinitz, D.F., Wassermann, G.F. 2004. Hematologic and serum biochemical values for hundia (Rhamdia quelem). Fish. Physiol. Biochem. 30: 21-25.


10.  Deguara, S., Jauncey, K., Agius, C. 2003. Enzyme activities and pH variations in the digestive tract of gilthead sea bream. Journal of fish Biology, 62: 1033-1043.


11.  Dügenci, S.K., Arda, N., Candan, A. 2003. Some medicinal plants as immunostimulant for fish. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 88: 99-106.


12.  Fakharzade, S.M.E., Hghighi, M., Sharif Rohani, M., Sharifpoor, I. 2017. The effect of oregano (Origaunm vulgare) extract on prevention of S.ineae experimental infection in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 25(4): 163-169.


13.  Farahani, R. 2011. Scientific, Applied Methods of Culture hatchery of Rainbow trout, Naghsh-e-Mehr Publications, 210.


14.  Farzanfar, A., Lashto Aghaei, G., Alizadeh, M., Bayati, M. and Ghorban, R. 2007. Study on growth performance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, larvae with different concentration of probiotic in diet. P: 95–114. In: Wright J.A. and Friedman R.H. (Eds.). Proceedings of Aquaculture, San Antonio. TX: US Aquaculture Society.


15.  Feldman, B.F., Zinkl, J.G. and Jian, N.C. 2000. Schalm's veterinary hematology, 3nd edn. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins publication, Philadelphia, USA. pp. 32-36.


16.  Ghahreman, A. 1996. Iranian Cariophites (Plant Systematics), Volume 2, Tehran University Publishing Center.


17.  Ghazrani Farahani, M. 2009. Investigation of some hematological factors in some fish of Acipenseridae family, Scientific-Research Quarterly Journal of Animal Biology, 2(1).


18. Gheibi N, Parvizi M, Jahani Hashemi H. The effect of cinnamon on glucose concentration of diabetic rats in presence or absence of insulin. Journal Qazvin Univ Med Sci. 2005; 9 (3):3-8


19. Haghighi, M. 2009. Laboratory methods of fish hematology. Fisheries Science Research Institute, Aquatic Scientific Publications. 83.


20. Huang, S.S.Y., Fu, C.H.L., Higgs, D.A., Balfry, S.K., Schulte, P.M. and Brauner, C.J. 2008. Effects of dietary canola oil level on growth performance, fatty acid composition and ionoreg-ulatory development of spring chinook salmon parr, Oncorhynchus tshawy-tscha. Aquaculture, 274, 109-117.


21. Jina, S., Choa, K.H. 2011. Water extracts of cinnamon and clove exhibits potent inhibition of protein glycation and anti-atherosclerotic activity in vitro and in vivo hypolipidemic activity in zebra fish. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49, 1521-1529.


22. Kumar Jha, A., Pal, A.K., Sahu, N.P., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, S.C. 2007. Haemato-immunological responses to dietary yeast RNA, ω-3 fatty acid and β-carotene in Calta calta juveniles. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 23: 917-927.


23. Kunkel, E. 1978. Flowering trees in subtropical garden boston. Dr.w. Tunk o.v. Publisher: 254-8.


24. MacArthur, J.I., Fletcher, T.C. 1985. Phagocytosls in fish. In: Manning MJ, Tatner MF (eds) Fish immunology. Academic Press, London,29-46.


25. Magnadóttir, B. 2006. Innate immunity of fish (overview). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 20: 137-151.


26. Mahdavi, S., Yeganeh, S., Firouzbakhsh, F., Janikhalili, K.H., 2014. Effects of Supplementary Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Essential Oil of Diet on Growth, Survival, Body Composition and Hematological Parameters of Rutilus frisii kutum Fry. Fisheries Science & Technology 3, 79-90.


27. Metwally, M. 2009. Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) on Some Antioxidant Activities in Tilapia Nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus). World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 1, 56-64.


28. Mohsenzadeh, M., Gorganzadeh, A., Rezaian Delvi, R., Qazvini, K. 2003. Evaluation of antibacterial properties of different concentrations of essential oil of a number of Iranian medicinal plants, summary of articles of the 13th Iranian Veterinary Congress, Razi Conference Center, 333.


29. Mokher, B. 2006. Diseases of Cultured Fishes. University of Tehran press.


30. Morki, N., Dadgar, Sh., Naderi, M. 2014.The effect of parsley (Petroselinum sativum) on the growth index and survival of Cyprinus carpio. Journal of Aquaculture Development, (2)8: 63-72


31. Morki, N., Rouzi, Y., Zorih Zahra, S.H., Safei, SH., Haghighi, M. 2013. Evaluating the effects of cinnamon (Cinnamonum zeylanicm) powder on growth indices, specific growth rate and survival rate of Green Terror (Andinocara rivulatus) Marine Science and Technology Research, 8(3): 68-79.


32. Mushlova, Z., Schindler, I., Staeck, W., 2009. Desscription of Andinoacara stalsbergis sp.n. (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlasoma tini) from pacific coastal rivers in Peru and annotation on the phylogeny of the genus.Vertebrate Zoology. 59:131-141.


33. Nya, E.J., Austin, B. 2009. Use of garlic, Alium sativum, to control Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Diseases. 32: 963-970.


34. Peddie, S., Zou, J., Secombes, C.J. 2002. Immunostimulation in the Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following intraperitoneal administration of Ergosan. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 86: 101-113


35. Piker, W.E. 1975. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bull. Fish. Res. Boardcan, 191, 382p.


36. Pourgholam R, Sharif Rohani M, Safari R, Saeeidi A, Binaeei M, Najafeyan R, et al. 2013. Effect of Echinacea purpurea extract on the immune system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and its resistance to Streptococcusis. isfj.22 (3):1-12


37. Pourmoghim, H., Haghighi, M., Sharif Rouhani, M. 2016. Examination of histological pathology of liver, kidney, intestines and fish gills of Oncorhynchusus mykiss, fed with food containing 1% powder of yellow aloe vera extract extract (Aloe vera). Pathobiology of Iran, (13): 2, 1891-1898


38. Rao, Y.V., Das, B.K., Pardhan, J., Chakrabarti, R. 2006. Effect of Achyranthes aspera on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 20: 263-273.


39. Rattanachaikunsopon, P., Phunkhachorn, P. 2010. Potential of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) oil to control Streptococcus iniae infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fish, Sci, 76:287-293.


40. Roozi, Y., Moraki, N., Zoriyeh, J. 2013. Effect of Different Levels of Powdered Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicm) in the Diet of Fish Green Terror (Andinocara rivulatus) Index, Blood Glucose and Survival. Journal of Breeding and Aquaculture Science. 1, 41-52.


41. Sabri Kesbiç, O. 2019. Effects of The Cinnamon Oil (Cinnamomum verum) on Growth Performance and Blood Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 7(2): 370-376,


42. Salaby, S., Das, B.K., Pradhan, I., Mohapatra, B.C., Mishra, B.K., Sarangi, N. 2006. Effect of Magnifera Indic Kernel asa feed additive on imunity and resistance to Aeromoas hydrophila in Labeo rohita finger lings. Fish Shell fish immunol. 23:109-118


43. Sharif Rouhani, M. 2013. Investigation of the application of (Zataria multiflora) essential oil in controlling fungal infections of several species of farmed aquatic animals. Fisheries Research Institute. Registration number 41393, p. 222


44. Sokal, R.R., and Rohl 1981. Biometry. The principle and practices of Statistics in biological research. 2^nd ed.) W.H. freeman and co., Newyork. 589 p.


45. Tangestani, r., Alizadeh doughikollaee, e., Ebrahimi, e., Zare, p. 2011. Effects of garlic essentialoilas an immunostimulant on hematologicalindices of juvenile beluga (huso huso). Journal of Veterinary Research. 66 (3): 209-216.


46. Toko, I.D., Fiogbe, E., Koukpode, B., Kestemount, P. 2007. Rearing of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and vundu catfish (Heterobranchus longifilis) in traditional fish ponds (whedos): Effect of stocking density on growth, production and body composition. Aquaculture, 262: 65-72


47. Turchini, G. M., Mentasti, T., Frøyland, L., Orban, E., Caprino, F., Moretti, V.M. and Valfr´e, F. 2003. Effects of alternative dietary lipid sources on performance, tissue chemical composition, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation capabilities and sensory characteristics in brown trout (Salmo trutta). Aquaculture 225, 251–267.


48. Watanuki, H., Ota, K., Malina, A.C., Tassakka, A.R., Kato, T. and Sakai, M., 2006. Immunostimulant effects of dietary Spirulina platensis on carp, Cyprinus carpio. Aquaculture, 258, 157-163.


49. Welcomme, R.L., Cowx, I.G., Coates, D., Be´ne´, C., Funge- Smith, S., Halls, A., Lorenzen, K. 2010. Review Inland capture fisheries. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 365, 2881-2896


50. Wootton, R.J., 1990. Ecology of teleost fish. Chapman and Hall, London 458.


51. Yahyavi, M., Jahanjoo, V., Akrami, R., Bahri, A.H. 2017. Single or combined effects of medicinal plants, Garlic (Allium sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale)powders on hepatosomatic index, body composition, digestive enzymes and resistance rate of Sobaity sea bream (Sparidentex hasta) fry. JFST; 6(2):17-29


52. Yao, J. Y., Shen, J. Y., Li, X. L., Xu, Y., Hao, G. J., Pan, X. Y., Wang, G. X. and Yin, W. L., 2011. Isolation of bioactive components from Chelidonium majus with activity against Trichodina sp. Aquaculture Journal, 318: 235–238.


53. Zargari, A. 2011. Medicinal plants. Tehran University Press. Iran.


54. Zeilab Sendijani, R., Abedian Kenari, A.M., Esmaili Tamandegani, A.H. 2019. Effect of ethanolic extract of dill plant (Anethum graveolens) on growth, body composition and activity of antioxidant enzymes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquatic Physiology and Biotechnology, 7(2): 130-149.