Effect of β-sitosterol-enriched walnut oil on blood parameters and liver function in diabetic rats

Subject Areas :

Monireh Ghorbani ¹ , عبدالحسین شیروی ² , Gholamhassan Vaezi ³ , Vida Hojati ⁴ , Hamid Sepehri ⁵

1 - DepatmentI of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor, DepatmentI of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran.
3 - Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
4 - Department of biology, Damghan branch, Islamic Azad Univercity, Damghan , Iran
5 - Golestan Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan Univercity of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

Received: 2020-05-17 Accepted : 2020-12-20 Published : 2020-12-21

Keywords: Walnut oil, liver, Diabetes, β-sitosterol,

Abstract :

Problems and complications associated with liver enzyme changes can be regarded as some effects of Diabetes Mellitus. Using a nutritional approach is a significant part of the prevention, control and treatment process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of walnut oil enriched with beta-cytosol on blood parameters of liver function in diabetic rats.The study sample consisted of 30 mice divided into 5 groups of 6 rats, where each group was kept in a separate cage. Five treatments were considered in this experiment, where control group received normal saline, the second treatment were given pure walnut oil without the addition of β-sitosterol and the other three groups were gavaged with 30, 45, 60 mg / kg β-sitosterol. After 4 weeks of gavage, the next stage of blood sampling was performed. Insulin and blood glucose were measured after blood serum separation along with the measurement of blood factors such as cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density cholesterol (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and albumin. Significant differences existed among the mean values of the tests in the control group and the intervention groups without, with 30 mg/kg, with 45 mg/kg, and with 60 mg/kg β-sitosterol. These significant differences among the treatments were seen in mean fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density cholesterol (HDL), total aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and albumin.β-sitosterol-enriched walnut oil can be regarded as a helpful option to control diabetes.

References:

1-پیرسا، س.، علیزاده، م.، قهرمان نژاد، ن. 1396. تشخیص تقلبات روغن سویا در روغن کنجد بوسیله آنالیز پروفیل کروماتوگرام گازی مواد فرار روغن به روش ریز استخراج فاز جامد از فضای فوقانی با فیبرپلیمری نانو ساختار. مجله علوم و صنایع غذایی، دوره 14، شماره 67، صص 284-275.

2-زنگنه، ا.، زنگنه، م.م.، گودرزی، ن.، نجفی، ف.، حق نظری، ل. 1397. اثرات حفاظتی عصاره آبی تیغه میانی میوه گردو بر هپاتوپاتی دیابتی در موش های سوری دیابتی شده با استرپتوزوتوسین. مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان، دوره 23، صص 37-26.

3-عسگری، ص.، رحیمی، پ.، مدنی، ح.، محزونی، پ.، کبیری، ن. 1387. اثر عصاره هیدروالکلی برگ خشک گردو (Juglans regia) در پیشگیری از دیابت نوع 1 در موش­های صحرایی نر بالغ. مجله دیابت و متابولیسم ایران(مجله دیابت و لیپید ایران)، دوره 7، شماره 4، صص 370-363.

4-محمدی، ج.، میرزایی، ع.، عزیزی، ا.، روزبهی، ا.، دلاویز، ح. 1391. تأثیر عصاره هیدروالکلی برگ گردو بر تغییرات بافتی پانکراس در موش صحرایی دیابتی شده و نرمال. طب جنوب، جلد 15، شماره 4، صص302-293.

5.Adeloye, D., Ige, J.O., Aderemi, A.V., Adeleye, N., Amoo, E.O., Auta, A., et al. (2017). Estimating the prevalence, hospitalisation and mortality from type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 7(5):e015424.

6.Al-Aboudi, A., Afifi, F.U. (2011). Plants used for the treatment of diabetes in Jordan: a review of scientific evidence. Pharmaceutical Biology, 49(3);221-39.

7.Chiva-Blanch, G., Arranz, S., Lamuela-Raventos, R.M., Estruch, R. (2013). Effects of wine, alcohol and polyphenols on cardiovascular disease risk factors: evidences from human studies. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 48(3); 270-7.

8.Colberg, S.R., Sigal, R.J., Yardley, J.E., Riddell, M.C., Dunstan, D.W., Dempsey, P.C., et al. (2016). Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care. 39(11); 2065-79.

 

 

9.Dehghani, R., Khamechian, T., Vazirianzadeh, B.H.V., Moravvej, S.A. (2012). Toxic effects of scorpion, hemiscorpius lepturus (hemiscorpiidae) venom on mice. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 22(3); 593-596.

10.Fraser, G.R., Chaves, A.V., Wang, Y., McAllister, T.A., Beauchemin, K.A., Benchaar, C. (2007). Assessment of the effects of cinnamon leaf oil on rumen microbial fermentation using two continuous culture systems. Journal of Dairy Science, 90; 2315-2328.

11.Fink, A., Rüfer, C.E., Le Grandois, J., Roth, A., Aoude-Werner, D., Marchioni, E., et al. (2014). Dietary walnut oil modulates liver steatosis in the obese Zucker rat. European Journal of Nutrition, 53(2);645-60.

12.Ghorbani, M., Shiravi, A., Vaezi, G., Sepehri, H., Hojati, V., Khori, V. (2019). A non-insulin herbal treatment to improve liver tissue in diabetic rats through gavage of walnut oil enriched with a phytosterol. Cogent Biology, 5(1); 1-13.

13.Gupta, R., Sharma, A.K., Dobhal, M., Sharma, M., Gupta, R. (2011). Antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of β‐sitosterol in streptozotocin‐induced experimental hyperglycemia. Journal of Diabetes, 3(1); 29-37.

14.Hardman, W.E. (2014). Walnuts have potential for cancer prevention and treatment in mice. The Journal of Nutrition, 144(4); 555S-60S.

15.Iglesias, M.M.R., Grajeda, D.M.V., Parra, M.F., Aguilera, A.A., Galindo, H.S.G. (2019). Conjugated linoleic acid supplemented diet influences serum markers in orchidectomized sprague dawley rats. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 12(3); 1900098.

16.Jenkins, D.J., Kendall, C.W., Augustin, L.S., Mitchell, S., Sahye-Pudaruth, S., Mejia, S.B., et al. (2012). Effect of legumes as part of a low glycemic index diet on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Internal Medicine, 172(21); 1653-60.

17.Kuppusamy, U.R., Arumugam, B., Azaman, N., Jen Wai, C. (2014). Leucaena leucocephala fruit aqueous extract stimulates adipogenesis, lipolysis, and glucose uptake in primary rat adipocytes. The Scientific World Journal, 2014; Article ID 737263, 8 pages.

18.Kwo, P.Y., Cohen, S.M., Lim, J.K. (2017). ACG clinical guideline: evaluation of abnormal liver chemistries. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 112(1);18-35.

19.Mahmoud. M.F., Sakr, S.M. (2013). Hepatoprotective effect of bee propolis in rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic hepatotoxicity light and electron microscopic study. Life Sci J., 10;2048-54.

20.Mayyas, F., Jaradat, R., Alzoubi, K. (2018). Cardiac effects of fish oil in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 28(6); 592-9.

21.Mollica, A., Zengin, G., Locatelli, M., Stefanucci, A., Macedonio, G., Bellagamba, G., et al. (2017). An assessment of the nutraceutical potential of Juglans regia L. leaf powder in diabetic rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 107; 554-64.

22.Rahimi, P., Kabiri, N., Asgary, S., Setorki, M. (2011). Anti-diabetic effects of walnut oil on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol, 5(24);2655-61.

23.Salimi, A., Ahmadi, R., Khezerloo, J.K. (2017). Assessment of biochemical parameters after exposure to ultrasound waves; an in vivo study. Biomedical Research, 28(1);13-21.

24.Selvaraj, V.K., Jayabal, M., Subramaniam, M., Shivalingiaya, J., Ramanathan, R. (2019). Classical autonomic function tests in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different HbA1c levels: A comparative study. Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, 6(1); 23-6.

25.Shukitt-Hale, B., Miller, M.G., Chu, Y.F., Lyle, B.J., Joseph, J.A. (2013). Coffee, but not caffeine, has positive effects on cognition and psychomotor behavior in aging. Age, 35(6); 2183-92.

26.Taha, N.A., Al-wadaan, M.A. (2011). Utility and importance of walnut, Juglans regia Linn. A. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5(32); 5796-805.

27.Vashist, S.K., Luong, J.H. (2017). Diabetes: a growing epidemic and the need for point-of-care testing.  Point-of-care Glucose Detection for diabetic monitoring and management. CRC Press, p;11-28.

28.Willis, L.M., Bielinski, D.F., Fisher, D.R., Matthan, N.R., Joseph, J.A. (2010). Walnut extract inhibits LPS-induced activation of BV-2 microglia via internalization of TLR4: possible involvement of phospholipase D2. Inflammation,33(5);325-33.

29.Willis, L.M., Shukitt-Hale, B., Cheng, V., Joseph, J.A. (2008). Dose-dependent effects of walnuts on motor and cognitive function in aged rats. British Journal of Nutrition, 101(8);1140-

30.Winograd, M. (2017). Understanding the Predictors of posttraumatic growth among those with a history of a reproductive trauma. Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs). 2319.

31.Xia, H., Dufour, C.R., Giguère, V. (2019). ERRα as a bridge between transcription and function: role in liver metabolism and disease. Frontiers in endocrinology, 10; 206-215.

32.Yang, J. (2009). Brazil nuts and associated health benefits: A review. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 42(10);1573-1580.

33.Zhou, B.Lu. Y., Hajifathalian, K., Bentham, J., Di Cesare, M., Danaei, G., et al. (2016). Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4· 4 million participants. The Lancet, 387(10027);1513-1530.

34.Zhou, R., Fan, X., Schnabl, B. (2019). Role of the intestinal microbiome in liver fibrosis development and new treatment strategies. Translational Research, 209; 22-38.