گیاهان دارویی و مکمل‌های آنها: روشی نوین در تغذیه جانوران
Subject Areas : Camel
ن.
بهات
1
(Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Koud, Sultanate, Oman)
Keywords: رشد, گوشت, تولید, شیر, هضم, تغذیه دام, مکمل گیاهی,
Abstract :
دام­های اهلی یکی از مؤلفه­های اساسی در بخش کشاورزی بوده و تأثیر مهمی بر اقتصاد ملی دارند. یکی از عوامل اقتصادی برای تقویت تولید، جلوگیری و درمان بیماری­ها در جانوران است که در عین حال چالشی بزرگ بر سر راه متخصصین تغذیه دام نیز محسوب می­گردد. برای به دست آوردن تولیدات حیوانی سالم باید حیوانات مزرعه­ای نیز سالم نگهداری شوند. استفاده از ترکیبات طبیعی نظیر گیاهان دارویی، عصاره­های آنها و سایر فرآورده­های گیاهی جهت تقویت سلامت حیوانات و کسب رضایت­مندی مصرف کنندگان، در مقایسه با ترکیبات شیمیایی ارجحیت دارند. علاوه بر این افزودنی­های خوراکی گیاهان دارویی می­توانند به عنوان دارو (گیاهان دارویی خام خشک شده که کاملاً خرد و ریز شده­اند)، عصارههای گیاهی و جدایه­های دارویی (نظیر روغن­های ضروری) مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. داروهای گیاهی شامل گیاه کامل یا شکل بریده و خشک شده بخش­هایی از یک گیاه، جلبک، قارچ یا گلسنگ بوده که برای خصوصیات درمانی­اش مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. گیاهان دارویی سبب ایجاد یا تقویت طعم­هایی در خوراک حیوانات می­شوند و بنابراین میتوانند بر الگوهای خوردن، ترشح مایعات گوارشی و مصرف کل خوراک تأثیر بگذارند. نقطه اصلی فعالیت نیز دستگاه گوارش حیوان است. به دلیل وجود انواع مختلفی از ترکیبات فعال، گیاهان دارویی و ادویه­جات مختلف، تأثیرات متفاوتی بر فرآیند هضم دارند. گیاهان دارویی، ادویه­جات و مخلوط­های آنها اغلب به عنوان مواد ضد التهابی شناخته شده و نقش آنتی اکسیدانی نیز ایفا می­کنند. چندین آزمایش برون­تنی نشان داده­اند که عصاره­های گیاهی معین فعالیت آنتی میکروبی قوی بر علیه باکتری­های گرم منفی و گرم مثبت دارند. گیاهان دارویی و فرآورده­های آنها تأثیر مثبتی بر مصرف خوراک، رشد و تولید گوشت، شیر و تخم مرغ دارند. علاوه بر این منجر به تقویت کیفیت و پایداری محصولات حیوانی نیز می­شوند.
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