Antibacterial effect of flower essential oils and plant organs’ extracts of purple coneflower on the bacterium Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis

Subject Areas :

Soleiman Jamshidi ¹ (Islamic Azad University Miyaneh Branch Young Researchers and Elite Club Miyaneh, Iran)
Soudabeh Andargani ² (M.Sc. of Horticulture Science Department Islamic Azad University Miyaneh Branch Miyaneh, Iran)
Mehdi Oraei ³ (Assistance professor of Horticulture Science Department Islamic Azad University Miyaneh Branch Miyaneh, Iran)

Received: 2014-05-02 Accepted : 2014-07-28 Published : 2014-08-23

Keywords: biocontrol, Echinacae purpurea, Antibacterial property, natural products, plant disease management, walnut blight,

Abstract :

Recently, there is an increasing attention to plant pathogen’s biocontrol considering hazards and environmental threats of chemical pesticides. Therefore, using plant materials as safe and natural antimicrobes is going to be investigated in recent years. The current study’s projective was evaluation of plant materials obtained from purple coneflower effecting on Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis bacterial walnut blight agent. Aqueous, methanol, ethanol, acetone and HCl extracts of coneflower root, stem, leaf and flower were extracted by rotary set and flower essential oils using clevenger apparatus. The antimicrobial activity of coneflower extracts and essential oil was evaluated in laboratory with disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory and bactericide concentration methods. The bacterium was more sensitive to flower essential oil than extracts. Ethanol acted successfully in antimicrobial material release from plant organs. Also, aqueous extract and also HCl and acetone extracts had very limited antibacterial activities on studied bacterium. All plant extracts and essential oils were inhibitive on bacterium. Leaf extract were more inhibitive than bactericide. Regarding the results plant materials obtained from coneflower could be a remarkable potential against walnut blight bacterium and might be considered as a promising biocontrol agent in the future.

References:

1. Afzal AM, Rahber-Bhatti MH and Aslam M. (1997). Antibacterial activity of plant diffusate against Xanthomonascampestris pv. citri. International Journal of Pest Management 43: 149-153.


2. Alishahi M, Mesbah M, Namjouyan P, Sabzvaryzadeh M and Razi-Jalali M. (2013). Comparison of the effects of some chemical and herbal immune stimulators on Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus). Journal of Iranian Veterinary Medicine 8: 67-58.


3. Bany J, Siwicki AK, Zdanowska D, Sokolnicka I, Skopińska-Rózewska E and Kowalczyk M. (2003). Echinacea purpurea stimulates cellular immunity and anti-bacterial defence independently of the strain of mice. Journal of Veterinary Science 6: 3-5.


4. Buchner RP, Olson WH and Adaskaveg, JE. (2001). Walnut blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. juglandis) control investigations in Northern California, USA. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 544:369-378.


5. Cowan MM. (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12: 564-582.


6. Hassanzadeh N. 2005. Technology of natural plant materials, emphasizing on fire blight disease. Agricultural Science 11: 58-53.


7. Izadi Z, Soroushzadeh A, Modarre Sanavi SAM, Esna-Ashari, M and Davoudi P. (2012). Identify the chemical composition of the essential oil of Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.) and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity against a number of bacterial strains. Southern Medical Journal. 12 pp.


8. Kałużna M, Pulawska J, Waleron M and Sobiczewski P. (2014). The genetic characterization of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis, the causal agent of walnut blight in Poland. Plant Pathology doi: 10.1111/ppa.12211.


9. Lee TT, Huang CC, Shieh XH, Chen CL, Chen LJ and Yu B. (2010). Flavonoid, phenol and polysaccharide contents of Echinacea purpurea L. and its immunostimulant capacity in vitro. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development .1: 5-9.


10.  Merali S, Binns S, Paulin-Levasseur M, Ficker C, Smith M, Baum B, Brovelli E. and Arnason JT. (2003). Antifungal and anti-inflammatory activity of the genus Echinacea. Pharmaceutical Biology 41: 412-20.


11. Narayanasamy PN. (2002). Microbial plant pathogens and crop disease management. Science Publishers: USA. 572 p.


12. O’Hara M, Kiefer D, Farrel K and Kemper K. (1998). A review of 12 commonly used medicinal herbs. Archives of Family Medicine.7: 523-535.


13. Omidbeigi, R. (2010). Processing of medicinal plants. First edition, Astane Qodse Razavi Publisher. 423 pp.


14. Rodriguez DJ, Castillo DH, Garcia RR and Sanchez JLA. 2005. Antifungal activity of Aloe vera pulp and liquid fraction against plant pathogenic fungi. Industrial Crops and Products21: 81-87.


15. Rudolph, BA. (1933). Bacteriosis of English walnut in California and its control. California Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin 564: 3-88.


16. Sabouri Z, Barzegar M, Sahari MA, Naghdi Badi H. (2012). Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Echinacea purpurea extract and its effect on extension of cake shelf life. Journal of Medicinal Plants 11:28-40.


17. Savage TF, Cotter PF and Zakrzewska EI. (1996). The effect of feeding mannan oligosaccharide on immunoglobulins, plasma IgG and bile IgA, of Wrolstad MW male turkeys. Poultry Science 75: 143-148.


18. Schulte KE, Rucker G and Perlick J. (1967). The presence of polyacetylene compounds in Echinacea purpurea and Echinacea angustifolia DC. Arzneimittelforschung, 17: 825-829.


19. Sharma SM, Anderson M, Schoop SR and Hudson JB. (2010). Bactericidal and anti-inflammatory properties of a standardized Echinacea extract (Echinaforce): dual actions against respiratory bacteria. Phytomedicine 17: 563-568.


20. Sloley BD, Urichuk LJ, Tywin C, Coutts RT and Shan JJ. (2001). Comparison of chemical components and antioxidant capacity of different Echinacea species. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics. 53: 849-857.


21. Strange RN and Scott PR. (2005). Plant disease: a threat to global food security. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 43: 83-116.


22. Tepe B, Donmez E, Unlu M, Candan F, Daferera D and Vardar-Unlu G. (2004). Antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of the essential oils and methanol extracts of Salvia cryptantha (Montbret et aucher ex Benth.) and Salvia multicaulis (Vahl). Food Chemistry 7: 519-525.