Evaluation of the effects of some biofertilizers on nutrient uptake and essential oil yield in the golden plant (Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss) under different soil moisture regimes

Subject Areas : Farm water management with the aim of improving irrigation management indicators

Ramin Cham ¹ ( Ph.D Student, Department of Soil Science, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran. )
Seyed Ali Abtahi ² ( Professor, Department of Soil Science, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran. )
Mojtaba Jafarinia ³ ( Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran. )
Jafar yasrebi ⁴ ( Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. )

Received: 2020-12-07 Accepted : 2021-05-08 Published : 2021-10-23

Keywords: "Volatile compounds", "Plant nutrition", "Drought stress", "Medicinal plants", "Plant growth-promoting bacteria",

Abstract :

Dracocephalum kotschyi is one of the most important medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae which is endangered due to unfavorable environmental conditions. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of biofertilizers at four levels (nitroxin, super nitroplus, biophosphorus and non-use of biofertilizer) on essential oil yield and nutrient uptake of D. kotschyi seedlings under drought stress at three levels (irrigation to completion 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity) a completely randomized design in 3 replication (each replication includes 25 pots containing one seedling) was performed in the greenhouse as a pot experiment containing cocopeat and perlite culture medium in a ratio of 1: 1. The highest amount of root nitrogen uptake (2.2 mg kg-1) and leaf nitrogen (57.5 mg kg-1) was observed in conventional irrigation treatment (irrigation treatment up to 80% of field capacity) and application of super nitroplus biofertilizer. The percentage of essential oil under mild stress increased by 77.53% compared to the control, while with the intensification of drought stress, the percentage of essential oil decreased by 94.49% compared to the control. The results of this study showed that the most increasing effect on essential oil percentage (1.1%) and essential oil yield (1.5 g plant-1) of D. kotschyi was related to inoculation with Super Nitroplus biofertilizer and mild drought stress, while cultivation of D. kotschyi under normal irrigation conditions and no biofertilizer resulted in the lowest production and yield of essential oil.

References:

آزادبخت، م .، 1378 . رده بندی گیاهان دارویی . نشر طبیب، 400 صفحه.

امتیازی، گ. ۱٣۸۶. میکروبیولوژی خاک. انتشارات مانی، اصفهان. ۱۸٤ ص.

امید بیگی، ر. 1384.  رهیافتهای تولید و فرآوری گیاهان دارویی. جلد اول، انتشارات فکر روز، 215صفحه.

اسعدی، ع.م.، خشنود یزدی ا. 1389. بررسی خصوصیات بوم شناختیDracocephalum kotschy Boiss. در مراتع شهرستان بجنورد. تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران. 26(3): 406- 414.

جهان، م.، نصیری محلاتی، م. ۱٣۹۱. حاصلخیزی خاک و کودهای بیولوژیک (رهیافتی آگرواکولوژیک). انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد. ۲٥٠ ص.

داوری نژاد، غ.ح.، شیربانی، س.، زارعی، م. ۱٣۹٤. اثر رژیم‌های کم آبیاری روی برخی از خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی چهار رقم انجیر. نشریه علوم باغبانی. ٢۹(٤): ۵٠۱- ۵۱۷.

رحیم زاده، س.، سهرابی، ی.، حیدری، غ.ر.، عیوضی، ع.ر.، حسینی، س.م.ط. ۱۳۹۲. تاثیر کاربرد کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی بر جذب عناصر پر مصرف، کم مصرف و درصد اسانس در گیاه دارویی بادرشبو (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). نشریه پژوهشهای زراعی ایران ۱۱(۱): ۱۷۹-۱۹٠.

حسنی، ف.، اصغر زاده، اردکانی، م.ر.، حمیدی، آ. ۱۳۹۴. بررسی تاثیر تلقیح ریز غده سیب زمینی با باکتری‌های محرک رشد بر عملکرد و مقدار جذب عناصر غذایی. ۱۷(۴): ۹۱۱-۹۲۴.

خاتمی، م.، رمرودی، م.، گلوی، م. ۱۳۹۷. اثر کاربرد کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی فسفره بر عملکرد گل، درصد اسانس و تنظیم کننده‌های اسمزی در گیاه دارویی بابونه در واکنش به تنش کم آبی. نشریه پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی. ۲۵(۴): ۱۱۹-۱۳۲.

خراسانی نژاد، س.، سلطانلو، ح.، رمضان پور، س.س.، هادیان، ج.، آتشی، ص. ۱٣۹٤. اثر تنش خشکی روی برخی از خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی، کمیت و کیفیت اسانس در اسطوخودوس. به زراعی کشاورزی ۱٧(٤): ۹٧۹- ۹۸۸.

فتاحی، م.، ناظری، و.، سفیدکن، ف.، زمانی، ذ. 1392. بررسی آت اکولوژی بادرنجبویه دنایی (شناختیDracocephalum kotschy Boiss) در ایران. تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران. 29(2): 325- 342.

فخر طباطبایی، م. ۱٣٧٤. طبیعت زنده: برخورد سیستمی. شرکت سهامی انتشار، تهران. ٣۸٤ ص.

مفاخری، س.، حلاج، ر.، امینیان دهکردی، ر. 1396. بررسی اثر تیمار‌های تغذیه ای بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی شناختیDracocephalum kotschy Boiss. اکوفیتوشیمی گیاهان دارویی 20(5): 20-33.

قهرمان، ا.، 1362  فلور ایران . مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع.

کرمی، ا.، سپهری، ع.، حمزه ئی، ج.، سلیمی، ق. ۱۳۹٠. تاثیر کودهای زیستی فسفر و نیتروژن بر صفات کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی گاوزبان تحت تنش کمبود آب. فناوری تولیدات گیاهی ۱۱(۱): ۳۷-۵٠.

Abdelaziz, M., Pokluda, R., Abdelwahab, M. 2007. Influence of compost, microorganisms and NPK fertilizer upon growth, chemical composition and essential oil production of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici cluy- Napoca. 35:86-90.

Abdul-Jaleel, C., Manivannan, P., Sankar, B., Kishorekumar, A., Gopi, R., Somasundaram, R., Panneerselvam, R. 2007. Pseudomonas fluorescens enhances biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus under water deficit stress. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 60: 7– 11.

Amirghofran, Z.; Azadbakht, M.; Karimi, M.H. 2000. Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Five Herbal Plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 72: 167–172.

Aseri, G.K., Jain, N., Panwar, J., Rao, A.V., Meghwal, P.R. 2008. Biofertilizers improve plant growth, fruit yield, nutrition, metabolism and rhizosphere enzyme activities of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in Indian Thar Desert. Scientia Horticulturae. 117: 130-135.

Asghari, M., Yousefirad, M., Masoumi-Zavarian, A. 2016. Effect of organic fertilizers, compost and vermicompost, on quantitative and qualitative traits in Lippia citriodora. Medicinal Plant Journal, 2(58): 63-71.

Bafana, A., Lohiya, R. 2013. Diversity and metabolic potential of culturable root-associated bacteria from Origanum vulgare in sub-Himalayan region. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 29:63–74.

Black, C.A. 1982. Method of soil analysis. Vol. 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, USA.

Buscot, F., Varma, A. 2005. Microorganisms in soils: Roles in genesis and functions. Springer, pp: 426.

Darzi, M.T., Haj Seyd Hadi, M.R. 2016. Effects of organic and biofertilizers on some quantitative and qualitative characters of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 32 (6): 1060-1072.

Das, K., Dang, R., Shivananda, V. 2008. Influence of biofertilizers on the availability of nutrients (N, P and K) in soil in relation to growth and yield of Stevia rebaudiana grown in South India. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products. 1: 20-24.

Dehdashtizade, B., Arouei, H. 2009. Study of different levels of vermicompost, phosphorous mineral elements on producing of plantlets and yield of peper. Hort Science, 40(3): 49-58.

Delatorre-herrera, J., Delfino, I., Salinas, C., Silva, H., Cardemil, L. 2010. Irrigation restriction effects on water use efficiency and osmotic adjustment in Aloe Vera plants (Aloe barbadensis Miller). Agric. Water Manag. 97: 1564– 1570.

Fernandes, V.F., de Almeida L.B., Feijo, E.V.S., Silva, D.C., Oliveira, R.A., Mielke M.S., Costa, L.C.B. 2013. Light intensity on growth, leaf micromorphology and essential oil production of Ocimum gratissimum. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy 23(3): 419- 424.

Flores, E., Frias, J.M., Herrero, A. 2005. Photosynthetic nitrate assimilation in cyanobacteria. Photosynth. Res. 83: 117-133.

Golshani, S., Karamkhani, F., monsef esfehani, H.R. and Abdollahi, M. 2004. Antinociptive effects of the essential oil of Dracocephalum kotschyi in the mouse writhing test. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(1): 76-79.

Haby, V.A., Russelle, M.D., Skogley, E.O. 1990. Testing soils for potassium, calcium and magnesium. PP. 181-227. In: Mickelson, S.H. (Ed.), Soil Testing and Plant Analysis, Madison, WI, USA.

Jahanian, F., Ebrahimi, S.A., Rahbar Roshandel, N., Mahmoudian, M. 2005. Xanthomicrol is the main cytotoxic component of Dracocephalum kotschyii and a potential anti-cancer agent. Phytochemistry 66(13): 1581- 1592.

Kafi, M., Borzooei, A., Salehi, M., Kamandi, A., Masumi, A., Nabati, J. 2009. Physiology of Environmental Stresses in Plants. Jahad of University of Mashhad University Press. 502 pages.

Karimi, Gh., Ghorbanli, M., Heydari Sharif Abad, H., Osareh, M. 2006. Survey for resistance to salinity in pasture species (Atriplex vertucifera M. B). Journal of Research and Building. 3(73). 42- 48.

Khan, A.S., Ul-Allah, S. Sadique, S. 2010. Genetic variability and correlation among seedling traits of Wheat (Triticum sativum) under water stress. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 12(2): 247-250.

Khan, M.S., Zaidi, A., Wani, P.A. 2006. Role of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in sustainable agriculture: A review. Agronomy. 26: 1-15.

Khalid, K.A. 2006. Influence of water stress on growth, essential oil and chemical composition of herbs (Ocimum sp.). International Agrophysics 20: 289-296.

Lovely, D.R. 1996. Microbial reduction of iron, manganes and other metals. Advances in Agronomy. 54:175-231.

Liu, J., WU, L., Wei, S.H. Xiao, X., Su, C., Jiang, P., Song, Z., Wang, T., Yu, Z. 2007.Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth, nutrient uptake and glycyrrhizin production of licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch). Plant. Growth. Regul. 52: 29-39.

Mahfouz, S. A., Sharaf-Eldin, M. A. 2007. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare mill.). International Agrophysics. 21: 361-366.

Munns, R. 1993. Physiological process limiting plant growth in saline soil: some dogmass and hypotheses. Plant Cell and Environment.16: 15-24.

Petropoulos, S.A., Daferera, D., Polissiou, M.G., Passam, H.C. 2008. The effect of water deficit stress on the growth, yield and composition of essential oils of parsley. Scientia Horticulturae 15(4): 393-397.

Ramroudi, M., Chezgim, M., Galavi, M. 2017. Effect of methanol spraying on quantitative traits and osmatic adjustments in moldavian (Dracocephlum moldavica L.) under low irrigation conditions3. Iran. J. Field Crop Sci. 48: 1. 149-158.

Rawia, A., Eid, S., Abo-sedera, A., Attia, M. 2006. Influence of nitrogen fixing bacteria incorporation with organic and/or inorganic nitrogen fertilizers on growth, flower yield and chemical composition of Celosia argentea. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2: 450-458.

Rebey, B.I., Jabri-Karoui, I., Hamrouni-Sellami, I., Bourgou, S., Limam, F. Marzouk, B. 2012. Effect of drought on the biochemical composition and antioxidant activities of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds. Industrial Crops and Products. 36: 238-245.

Rechinger, KH. 1982. Labiatae In: Flora Iranica, 150, Verlagsanstat, Austria: Akademische Druch-u.

Richardson, A.E., Barea, J.M., McNeill, A.M., Prigent-Combaret, C. 2009 Acquisition of phosphorus and nitrogen in the rhizosphere and plant growth promotion by microorganisms. Plant Soil 321:305–339.

Sajjadi, S.E.; Atar, A.M.; Yektaian, A. 1998. Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract, and Polyphenolic Fraction from Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae 73: 167–170.

Shady, M.A., Ibrahim, I., Afify, A.H. 1984. Mobilization of elements and their effects on certain plant growth characteristics as influenced by some silicate bacteria. Egyptian J. Bot. 27(1-7): 17-30.

Shirani Bidabadi, S., Sharifi, P. 2020. Strigolactone and methyl jasmonate –induced antioxidant defense and the composition alterations of different active compounds in Dracocephalum kitschy Boiss under drought stress. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10157-6

Sobhani, A.M.; Ebrahimi, S.A.; Mahmoudian, M. 2002. An in Vitro Evaluation of Human DNA Topoisomerase Iinhibition by Peganum harmala L. Seeds Extract and Its A-Carboline Alkaloids. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5: 19–23.

Yao, L., Wu, Z., Zheng, Y., Kaleem, I., Li, C. 2010. Growth promotion and protection against salt stress by Pseudomonas putida Rs-198 on cotton. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 46: 49-54.

Yuan, H., Liqiang, Z., Qiusheng, K., Fei, C., Mengliang, N., Junjun, X., Nawaz, M.A., Zhilong, B. 2016. Comprehensive mineral nutrition analysis of watermelon grafted onto two different rootstocks. Horticultural Plant Journal. 2(2): 105- 113.

Zamber, M.A., Konde, B.K., Sonar, K.R. 1984. Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum and Azosprillum brasilense inoculation under graded levels of nitrogen on growth and yield of wheat. Plant and Soil. 79: 61-67.