اثر کاربرد سطوح مختلف کمپوست آزولا بر خصوصیات فیزیکی بستر کشت، رشد و تغذیه گیاه آهار (Zinnia elegans)

Subject Areas : Journal of Ornamental Plants

مریم مرعشی ¹ ( استادیار گروه خاکشناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران )
داود شفقتیان ² ( دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد باغبانی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران )
علی محبوب خمامی ³ ( گروه پژوهشی خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی گیلان، رشت، ایران )

Received: 2021-04-13 Accepted : 2021-06-17 Published : 2021-06-01

Keywords: تغذیه, محیط زیست, نیتروژن, پتاسیم, فسفر, عنصر غذایی,

Abstract :

تجمع بیش از حد آزولا در تالاب های گیلان، در حال حاضر یک مشکل زیست محیطی است. به همین منظور ، مطالعه­ای برای بررسی تأثیر کمپوست آزولا بر روی محیط رشد گیاه زینتی آهار (Zinnia elegans) انجام شد. تیمار شاهد یک خاک لوم شنی بود که کمپوست آزولا در مقادیر 10 ، 20 ، 30 ، 40 و 50 درصد حجم جایگزین خاک شدند. این تحقیق بر اساس یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و سه عدد از هر گیاه با 54 گلدان انجام شد. خصوصیات شیمیایی بستر شامل هدایت الکتریکی، اسیدیته، مقدار نیتروژن و میزان فسفر و پتاسیم اندازه­گیری شد. شاخص­های رشد گیاه شامل وزن تر و خشک برگ، ساقه، ریشه و گل و مقدار کلروفیل برگ و غلظت عناصر غذایی نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در برگ­های گیاه آهار اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان رشد در تیمارهای 20 و 30 درصد کمپوست آزولا و کمترین میزان رشد در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. کمپوست آزولا باعث افزایش غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در برگ­ها شد که این نشان­دهنده افزایش کیفیت تغذیه گیاه است. مقادیر بیشتر کمپوست (40 و 50 درصد) باعث کاهش شاخص­های رشد گیاه در مقایسه با تیمارهای 20 و 30 درصد کمپوست شد، اما در تیمارهای مشابه، رشد گیاه به طور قابل توجهی بیشتر از شاهد بود. به­طورکلی می توان نتیجه گرفت که کمپوست آزولا می­تواند به­عنوان ماده آلی مناسبی در محیط کشت آهار مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

References:

Abad, M., Noguera, P. and Bures, S. 2001. National inventory of organic wastes for use as growing media for ornamental potted plant production: Case study in Spain. Bioresource Technology, 77: 197–200.

Ashoorzadeh, H., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A. and Mahboub Khomami, A. 2016. Choose a planting substrate and fertilization method to achieve optimal growth of Araucaria excelsa. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 6(3): 201-215.

Atiyeh, R.M., Arancon, N., Edwards, C.A. and Metzeger, J.D. 2000. Influence of earth worm–processed pig manure on the growth and yield of greenhouse tomatoes. Bioresource Technology, 75:175-180.

Brenzel, K.N. 2012. Sunset western garden book, U.S.A. Time Home Entertainment, Inc. 661 pages.

Carter, C.T. and Grieve, C.M. 2010. Growth and nutrition of two cultivars of Zinnia elegans under saline conditions. Journal of HortScience, 45(7): 1058–1063.

Chen, Y., Inbar, Y. and Hadar, Y. 1988. Composted agricultural wastes as potting media for ornamental Plants. Soil Science, 145 (4): 298- 303.

Emami, A. 1996. Plant analysis method, Volume 2, Technical Journal No. 982, Soil and Water Research Institute, Iran. (in Persian)

Fred, D.R., Hariss, H.M., Watanabe, R. and Stanley, R.W. 1997. Plant growth in potting media using compost. Horticulture Research Note. University of Hawaii. pp 4.

Gayasinghe, G.Y., Liyana Arachchi, I.D. and Tokashiki, Y. 2010. Evaluation of containerized substrates developed from cattle manure compost and synthetic aggregates for ornamental plant production as a peat alternative. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 54: 1412–1418.

Ghasemi Ghahsareh, M. and Kafi, M. 2009. Floriculture. Author Publication, 313 pages.

Goos, R.J. 1995. A laboratory exercise to demonstrate nitrogen mineralization and          immobilization. Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education, 24: 68-70.

Grigatti, M., Ciavatta, C. and Giorgioni, M.E. 2008. Growth and nutritional status of bedding plants on compost-based growing media. Acta Horticulturae, 779: 607-614.

Hameeda, B., Harini, G., Rupela, O.P. and Reddy, G. 2007. Effect of composts or vermicompost sorghum growth and mycorrhizal colonization. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6: 009-012.

Higaki, T. and Imamura, J.S. 1985. Performance of wood products as media for culture of Anthurium. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Research Series 040-09.85 (3m).

Jankauskien, J. and Brazaity, A. 2008. The influence of various substratum on the quality of cucumber seedlirg and photosynthesis paramerers. Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, 126 (3): 288- 303.

Kalemba, D. and Kunica, A. 2003. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oils. Current Medicinal Chemistry, (10): 813-82.

Lumpkin, T.A. 1987. Environmental requirements for successful Azolla growth. In: Azolla tilization. Proceeding of the Workshop on Azolla Use, Fuzhou, China, pp. 88-97.

Mahboob Khomami, A. and Padasht Dehkaei, M.N. 2009. Effect of composted azolla in different growth media on growth and nutrient elements compasition in Ficus benjamina plant cv. Starlight. Seed and Plant Production, 25 (4): 417-430.

Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Alidoust, M. and Mahboub Khomami, A. 2015. The reuse of peanut organic wastes as a growth medium for ornamental plants. International Journal Recycling Organic Waste Agriculture, 4: 85–94.

Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Deljooy-e-Tohidi, T. and Hashemabadi, D. 2015. Effect of different growth media and fertilization methods on growth characteristics and yield of English daisy. Journal of Soil and Plant Interactions, 5 (4): 95-109

Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Khanjani, H. and Sedaghathoor, S.  2015. The effect of cow manure compost in cultivation bed and irrigation water salinity on the growth of Strelitzia reginae.  Trakia Journal of Sciences, 2: 137-142.

Murphy, J. and Riley, J.P. 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 27: 31–36.

Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R. 1982. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Soil Science of America, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Papafotiou, M., Phsyhalou, M., Kargas, G., Chatzipavlidis, I. and Chronopoulos, J. 2005. Olive-maill waste compost as growth medium component for the production of poinsettia. Horticultural Sciences, 102:167-175.

Peyvast, Gh., Olfati, J.A., Madeni, S., Forghani, A. and Samizadeh, H. 2008. Vermicompost as a soil supplement to improve growth and yield of parsley. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 14 (1): 82-92.

Poorghadir, M., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Mirjalili, S.A. and Moradi, P. 2021. Interactions of amino acids (proline and phenylalanine) and biostimulants (salicylic acid and chitosan) on the growth and essential oil components of savory (Satureja hortensis L.). Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 30: 101815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101815

Rahmani Khalili, M., Asadi, M.S., Mohammadi Torkashvand A. and Pazira, E. 2020. Regression analysis for yield comparison of saffron as affected by physicochemical properties of the soil, case study in Northeast of Iran. Agricultural Research, DOI 10.1007/s40003-020-00455-6

Ramezanzadeh, F., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A. and Khakipour, N. 2014. The effect of organic substrates in growth media and fertilization method on the yield of Bellis perennis L. and nutrients uptake. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 4 (3): 133-144.

Rani, R. and Srivastava, O.P. 1997. Vermicompost: A potential supplement to nitrogenous fertilizer in rice nutrition. International Rice Research Notes, 22 (3): 30-31.

Reilly, A. 1978. Park’s success with seeds. South Caroline: Park Seed Co., Inc. 269 pages.

Scharpenseel, H.W. and Knuth, K. 1985. Use and importance of Azolla-Anabaena in industrial countries. In: Azolla utilization. Proceeding of the Workshop on Azolla Use, Fuzhou, China, pp. 154–167.

 Shadanpur, F., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A. and Hashemi Majd, K. 2011. Marigold: The possibilty using vermicompost as the growth medium. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 1 (3): 153-160.

Tashakori, F., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Ahmadi, A. and Esfandiari, M. 2020. Comparison of different metthods of estimating saffron yield based on soil properties in Golestan province. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 51(13): 1767-1779.

Tofighi Alikhani, S.J., Tabatabaei, A., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A. and Khalighi, A. 2021. Effects of silica nanoparticles and calcium chelate on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) under hydroponic condition. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 44(7): 1039-1053.

Verdonck, O. and Gabriels, R. 1992. I. Reference method for the determination of physical properties of plant substrates. II. Reference method for the determination of chemical properties of plant substrates. Acta Horticulturae, 302: 169-179.

Walker, D.J. and Bernal, M.P. 2008. The effecfs of olive mill waste compost and poultry manure on the availability and plant uptake of nutrients in a highly saline soil. Bioresource Technology, 99: 396 - 403.

Zaller, J.G. 2007. Vermicompost as a substitute for peat in potting media: Effects on germination, biomass allocation, yields and fruit quality of three tomato varieties. Scientia Horticulturae, 112: 191–199.