• List of Articles امنیت

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Shahid Soleimani and the direction of the defense-security doctrine of J.A. Iran with an emphasis on: active activism and the "extraordinary insight decision-making" model
        ali bagherizadeh
        The grand defense strategy of each country is embodied and crystallized in its defense and security doctrine.In order to achieve this goal, the security elites plan and operate the country's defense doctrine according to the level of actual andpotential threats.The inse More
        The grand defense strategy of each country is embodied and crystallized in its defense and security doctrine.In order to achieve this goal, the security elites plan and operate the country's defense doctrine according to the level of actual andpotential threats.The insecurity situation in the surrounding environment has caused the decision-making elites in the field of defense-security doctrine,the index of security,to take an explicit proactive approach.and make the central idea in the surrounding turbulent environment the centrality of the country's defense strategy.To explain thatany inaction in security areas leads to spillover of insecurity and chaos from the peripheral environment to the internal environment.Senior military commanders,as decision makers in the security field,play a central role in this important matter by drawing and designing defense lines. Lt. Gen.Martyr Hajj Qassem Soleimani, as a personality who with extraordinary talent and vision,with his strategic decisions, increased the national security factor A. promoted Iran to the highest level in the country's history. In the way that he is considered as the architect of Iran's strategic security and stability. Iran is examined. The main question of the article is emphasized for this topic: What effects has the strategic thinking of Shahid Soleimani had on the orientation of the security doctrine of Iran? The increasing search for security, geopolitical dynamics, active deterrence, strategic depth,continuity of hard and soft power, active strategic and idea-oriented activism" has had a direct and decisive impact onthe direction of the Iranian defense-security doctrine.Specific findings The research shows that: "J.A. Iran's defense-security doctrine is influenced by the wise thinking of Martyr Soleimani in the form of a fixed model ofIranian realism, from the perspective of the realist government,there is a paradigm shift from a reflexive and reactive approach to a proactive approach to active security and "Strategic frankness has been proportionate to the threats." Manuscript profile
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        2 - India, the Persian Gulf and the emergence of a superset
        Arezoo Askary
        In recent years, India has tried to introduce itself as a world power and therefore has made various efforts to accept its position under this title to other actors. From the perspective of the theory of regional security complex, whenever a regional power projects its More
        In recent years, India has tried to introduce itself as a world power and therefore has made various efforts to accept its position under this title to other actors. From the perspective of the theory of regional security complex, whenever a regional power projects its power to another security complex, it is actually trying to act as a great power. India, as a country that is part of the security complex of South Asia, has tried to project its power to the security complex of the Persian Gulf and therefore applies its own strategy in communicating with the countries of this region. According to the theory of regional security complex, In this situation and by merging two security sets, a super set is created. The main question of this research was, what effect will India's presence in the Persian Gulf have on the regional security complex of the Persian Gulf? Based on this question, the research hypothesis states that India's presence in the Persian Gulf leads to the creation of a super-complex due to the integration of the two security complexes of the Persian Gulf and South Asia. This research, using the content analysis method, examined the documents and statements contained in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of India and analyzed them based on the theory of the regional security complex. The findings of the research showed that India's presence in the security complex of the Persian Gulf is a result of the change in the paradigm of India's foreign policy during the Modi era and has led to the creation of a super-complex. Manuscript profile
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        3 - Investigation and analysis of social factors affecting sustainable security (case study of Izeh county )
        hojatollah sadeghi Hossein  Koravand Mohammad Taghi Bostan Afrooz
        Security is one of the important categories of sustainable development, which is influenced by various factors. Some effective factors in this field are known as social factors. Each region has its own social, cultural and economic conditions, and these differences show More
        Security is one of the important categories of sustainable development, which is influenced by various factors. Some effective factors in this field are known as social factors. Each region has its own social, cultural and economic conditions, and these differences show the necessity of knowing the social factors in each region. The purpose of this research is to investigate social factors affecting sustainable security in Izeh county and to provide solutions to improve it. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the collection of field data (survey). The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research was formed by experts, and 85 people were determined as the sample size using the snowball method. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through elites and the reliability was also confirmed with Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.70. The result of the research showed that all social factors affecting sustainable security were significant at a level less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. According to the results, the highest average is related to the factor of preventing discrimination with a value of 3.058 and the lowest average is related to the factor of creating employment for young people with a value of 1.411. Therefore, comparing the minimum and maximum average of social factors shows that there is an unfavorable situation. Among other social factors affecting stable security, they have a weak status: equal opportunities (2.435), management of moral and social networks (2.564), regional tourism development (1.788) and social identity in the region. (2/400) pointed out. The result confirmed that the promotion of social factors can be effective in improving the sustainable security of the region. In this context, the factor of improving the social identity of the region with a beta value of 0.694; Manuscript profile
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        4 - Investigating the Situation of Water Security in Iran (Case Study: Kerman Province)
        Elham Azizabadi Hojat Mahkoeui Amir Gandomkar
        Water, as one of the main components for life, affects human security if it is lacking or reduced. The challenges and conflicts of people for the right and access to water resources at local and national levels with each other and even the war between governments at reg More
        Water, as one of the main components for life, affects human security if it is lacking or reduced. The challenges and conflicts of people for the right and access to water resources at local and national levels with each other and even the war between governments at regional and international levels show the important role of water. The tensions caused by the lack of water in the central regions of Iran, such as Isfahan and Kerman, in recent years, indicate the insecurity and sense of danger for the water resources of these provinces. Kerman province, with an area of over 180,000 square kilometers, is the largest province in the south of the country. With an average annual rainfall of 129 mm, this province is considered one of the dry regions in the country. The main goal of this article is to Investigating the water security situation in Kerman province. The main question raised is what is the water security situation in Kerman province? The hypothesis that is raised in response to this question is that water security in Kerman province is not in a good condition. This article has been done using the field method (questionnaire) and descriptive-analytical approach. The sample size was 384 people, which was obtained using Cochran's formula. The results of the findings show that according to the water transfer plans and water management patterns planned to improve the water resources situation in Kerman province, water security in this province is not in a good condition. Manuscript profile
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        5 - Evaluation and Explanation of the Life Dimension of the Sense of Security in Border Areas (Case study: Arvand Rud Coast)
        Seyyed Yusuf Hashemi Ali Rezai Forough Jabervandi
        The development and progress of a society depends on maintaining security and the feeling resulting from it. Border security is the foundation of the country's national security. The presence of people in the border areas requires their feeling of security. A feeling More
        The development and progress of a society depends on maintaining security and the feeling resulting from it. Border security is the foundation of the country's national security. The presence of people in the border areas requires their feeling of security. A feeling of insecurity is one of the most significant factors threatening the presence of people in the border areas. The feeling of security is the base of human survival in any place. In this regard, the present study uses descriptive and analytical methods and library studies to evaluate and explain the sense of life in the Arvand Rud coastal border. In this study, the life dimension of a sense of security was considered a dependent variable, and individual characteristics, life on the coast, tribal violence, the concern of natives leaving Iranian waters, the insecurity of the neighboring country, and insecurity in non-Iranian waters are considered independent variables. According to the Cochran formula, the sample size of the study was considered to be 315 people from 16 villages and two urban centers of the Arvand Rud coast. All the variables were extracted as maps after analyzing them in SPSS software and with the help of GIS. To use the results of the t-test, the results of Levene’s test are used first. The results of the test indicated that the error rate was 0.61. In other words, the accuracy rate of the test is 39 percent, which is more than the acceptable level. Thus, there is a difference between the variances. The results of the t-test, assuming equality of variances, indicate that this test is significant at a confidence level above 95%. Since the sense of life security is 2.5 in rural areas and 2.7 in urban areas, it can be stated that the sense of life security in urban areas is in a better state than in rural areas. If we separate the villages from the cities, the feeling of life security is better in the southern villages of the study area. Also, the feeling of life security was more in the villages except for the lack of feeling of security when the sailors were leaving Iranian waters. Manuscript profile
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        6 - Identifying the Driving Factors Affecting the Ecological Security of Tourism Based on the Capacities of the Karun River
        Ahmad Rahdar Dr.Manochehr  javanmardi
        Karun river is a key region for environmental protection and high-quality economic development in ahvaz metropolis. However, tourism is a serious threat to the environment due to the continued development of urbanization and industrial transformation. Hence, the present More
        Karun river is a key region for environmental protection and high-quality economic development in ahvaz metropolis. However, tourism is a serious threat to the environment due to the continued development of urbanization and industrial transformation. Hence, the present study aims to identify the driving factors affecting the ecological security of tourism considering the capacities of the karun river. The method of this study is explanatory based on the new methods of future research. The factors were evaluated by 30 experts and specialists in urban planning using environmental scanning, and interaction/structural effects analysis. MICMAC future research specialized software was used in this regard. The results revealed that the dispersion state of the effective variables indicates the sustainability of the system. Based on 31 investigated factors, 10 primary factors were selected as key factors affecting the ecological security of tourism. All factors were repeated in both direct and indirect methods. The results indicated that the variables related to the dimensions of the scale and profit of tourism as drivers of the tourism industry have been preferred over the objectives of protecting the environment and environmental resources. Variables such as the number of employees in the tourism industry, the income from international and domestic tourists, the number of star hotels, the ratio of educational expenses to public finances, the number of international and domestic tourists, the total retail sales of hotels, catering services, and unemployment rate and urbanization are prioritized. This study revealed that the tourism capacities in the ahvaz metropolis, especially the karun river, have been abandoned due to mismanagement. Also, the results suggest that tourism planning has not been considered and the use of foresight and forecasting tools can facilitate the achievement of tourism goals. Manuscript profile
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        7 - Media (Ilam network) and the construction of the identity of the Iraqi Kurds and its role in Iran's national security
        Tofigh Oghabi Iraj Ranjbar شهرام فتاحی Sirous Mohebi Nosratollah Heidari
        The phenomenon of ethnicization and the formation of identities have gained double importance in the contemporary period and factors such as deprivations, oppression of rulers, territorial divisions and migrations have played a major role in weakening the link between t More
        The phenomenon of ethnicization and the formation of identities have gained double importance in the contemporary period and factors such as deprivations, oppression of rulers, territorial divisions and migrations have played a major role in weakening the link between the land and the culture of societies. One of the effective factors in the country's policy-making is the monitoring of the surrounding environment, especially the western border areas, which have long been the residence of Kurdish tribes. have settled in eastern Iraq (Diyali, Wasit, Maysan and Baghdad). Their opportunities and threats in the western border areas of Iran are considered one of the country's security challenges, which can guarantee the country's national security with proper cultural, social and media policies and planning. Here, the question that arises is how the provincial media can be effective in building the identity of the Kurds of Fili and creating national security. Provincial networks produce and broadcast interesting programs with local dialect in the form of: historical documentaries, tourist attractions, local customs and live communication with the Kurds of Iraq, especially during Arbaeen and other religious occasions. to be protected from the media attack of foreign security services that are produced and broadcast in the form of political and social programs from affiliated Kurdish networks. This research has been done in a descriptive and analytical way using library study and documentary data. Media studies confirm that the representation of Iraqi Kurds' identity in the media (Ilam Provincial Network) leads to their convergence with Iranian Kurds and national security. Manuscript profile
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        8 - Stochastic programming model for gas resources allocation in Iran with emphasis on energy security cost approach.
        Reza Alikhani Adel Azar Alireza Rashidi Komijan
        The purpose of this paper is to present a model for gas allocation to different sub-sectors inIran by means of Non-Linear Programming method. Stochastic programming approach isapplied to obtain the optimal system configuration meeting the gas demand in different subsect More
        The purpose of this paper is to present a model for gas allocation to different sub-sectors inIran by means of Non-Linear Programming method. Stochastic programming approach isapplied to obtain the optimal system configuration meeting the gas demand in different subsectorsbased on available gas produced. The model considers possible threats would occur innatural gas supply. The solutions provide gas allocation to different sub-sectors at macro leveltaking the possible threats in to consideration. Research results show the significant percentageshare of gas should be assigned to residential-commercial, power plants, industries, natural gasinjection, exportation, petrochemical, rich gas injection, transportation and agriculturerespectively. The novelty of this work is its ability to quantitate possible threats using stochasticprogramming approach in order to provide more holistic point of view on energy securityfactors impacting gas allocation in Iran. Manuscript profile
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        9 - برآورد اثر شاخص های توسعه اقتصادی- اجتماعی ایران (1384-1368)
        سید محمد اعرابی گلناز شجاعی
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        10 - The effect of understanding organizational justice on work engagement : Investigating the mediating role of employees' psychological security
        Naghmeh Keyhanian Mohammad Sadegh Hasanzadeh Mahnaz Hemmati No'doust Gilani
        Background: Although psychological security plays an important role in employees, but managers can improve the level of organizational justice by adopting the appropriate leadership style in their management style, to increase the field of attachment to work among emplo More
        Background: Although psychological security plays an important role in employees, but managers can improve the level of organizational justice by adopting the appropriate leadership style in their management style, to increase the field of attachment to work among employees of the organization. Objective: To determine the effect of perception of organizational justice 1 on attachment to work 2 with the mediating role of mental security 3 in Tonekabon justice staff. Methods: The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of how to collect data. The research population of all Tonekabon justice employees was 182 people. Using a proportional stratified method, a sample of 128 people was selected based on Cochran's formula. Data analysis was performed with SPSS and PLS software. Findings: According to the research findings, all three variables have a higher average than the expected average. Results: The psychological security variable acts as a complete mediator in the impact of organizational justice on work attachment, and in fact, perceived justice of employees in the organization can increase the desire to work among employees. Manuscript profile
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        11 - Analyzing the relationships of Authentic Leadership, Psychological Security and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
        siroos ghanbari Khalil Zandi - Azam Dehghan
        Background: The success of today's organizations need to having employees that move beyond from routine tasks and being displayed organizational citizenship behaviors. This cannot be achieved unless organizational leaders provide a safety climate and full of confidence More
        Background: The success of today's organizations need to having employees that move beyond from routine tasks and being displayed organizational citizenship behaviors. This cannot be achieved unless organizational leaders provide a safety climate and full of confidence in the organization. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Authentic Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior, with emphasis on the role of mediator Psychological Security staff.  Methodology: Statistical population was the staff of Hamadan Province Sport and Adolescent organization comprised of 150people that 103 of them were selected by simple random sampling method. The data gathering tool, were Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire and Psychological Security Questionnaire. Validity of questionnaires was authenticated by specialist's approval. Its reliability of was calculated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient through their implementationon theearly examplesconsists of25 people. Data analyzed by using Pearson correlation, Structural Equation Modeling and Partial correlation test. Findings: Findings showed that there were significant positive relationships between Authentic Leadership, Psychological Security and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (p < .01). Nevertheless, Psychological Security hadn't role of mediator in explaining the link between Authentic Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Conclusion: According to the findings, administrators can increase employee extra role behaviors, by showing authentic leadership behaviors. Manuscript profile
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        12 - Review Nuclear Diplomacy between Iran and the United States are based on the Game Theory
        Seyed Amin Razavi nejad
        In this research on this matter with the Iranian regime that endanger the change of the monarchy to the I.R Iran, friendly relations and strategic transformation and the US and Iran have a growing tension and the two to the military threats . The case study to question More
        In this research on this matter with the Iranian regime that endanger the change of the monarchy to the I.R Iran, friendly relations and strategic transformation and the US and Iran have a growing tension and the two to the military threats . The case study to question which nuclear challenge in relations between Iran and the United States with the use of how the game theory.went on the assumption that the proposed with regard to the game theory,nuclear challenge in US-Iranian relations with the sum of the game of positive,and can be solved. But evidence,and the findings of this study was to confirm the main hypotheses and came to the conclusion that the challenge of nuclear between Iran and the US with the government's policy on the eleventh a dynamic game,complete with information.then play tree nuclear tension between Iran and the US and plotted the options facing each and every one of them were investigated and went on to find the answer to solving the outcome of the game and the way back into the fine profits as a result of the Nash equilibrium;the suspension of enrichment from Iran and giving security guarantees from the US and lift sanctions. Manuscript profile
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        13 - The Survey of Job Security and Political Behavior Relationship with the Mediator Role of OCB
        Hamidreza Bahrami Masoumeh Dastani Zahra Pouramini
        Background and Purpose: As job security has impact on organizational variables include job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment, political behavior and increase the Efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. The object of t More
        Background and Purpose: As job security has impact on organizational variables include job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment, political behavior and increase the Efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. The object of this paper is the study of relationship between job security and political behavior with the mediator role of OCB among the employees of The Ministry of Sciences. Method: This study is applied and Descriptive­–Based on method . The population of the study includes all the employees of the ministry including 650 people and 241 people are calculated as the sample size by Cochran formula . In order to data gathering, standardized questionnaires  were used . The statements of Job Security Measurement are extracted from Nisi & Mahmoudian's Questionnaire(1379), Political Behavior Measurement  from  E.G.Dobrin's Political Behaviors Questionnaire (1978) and OCB Measurement  from William & Anderson's  Questionnaire (1991) respectively .The Cranach's  Alpha Coefficient and Confirmatory Factor Analysis  were used in order to Validity & Reliability measurement . Findings: Structural Equations modeling using Amos software shows  that there is a direct relationship between job security with citizenship behavior. Job security has a high impact factor (0/69) on organizational citizenship behavior. This subject shows the importance of job security in influencing OCB. The results of the research demonstrates that There is a negative relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and political behavior, As well as. Citizenship behavior effects of political behavior (impact factor : 0/69). This subject shows the importance of OCB  in influencing political behavior. According  to high impact the job security on OCB and also OCB on political behavior,  results of the research demonstrates that There is a relationship between job security and political behavior. This relationship reported indirectly by OCB. Conclusion: As the job security has high impact on political behavior, Managers should help to this relationship by strengthening citizenship behavior to manage political behavior Manuscript profile
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        14 - study position of social rights and responsibilities of journalists in today newspapers of Iran (The views of journalist, Professor of communication, lawyers and Editors)
        Mahdieh Shokri mahdokht borujerdi
        This study investigates to place of rights and responsibilities social of journalists in Iran today's press. According to 190-year history of Iranian journalists, this research studies current status of journalism and conditions of journalist's activity in country from More
        This study investigates to place of rights and responsibilities social of journalists in Iran today's press. According to 190-year history of Iranian journalists, this research studies current status of journalism and conditions of journalist's activity in country from perspective of professionals. Conceptual framework is based on professional journalism a combination of theory of social responsibility, one of normative theories of media and Walter Lippmann's concept of objectivity. Based on research, professional journalism is product of this story (Theory of Responsibility and concept of objectivity) Research method is deep interview with specialists and 20 journalists, communications professors, lawyers and newspaper directors. Result show, governing model of press Inconsistent with professional journalism and current situation represents a lot of ambiguity regarding rights and journalist responsibilities. Currently, there are no grounds for career in journalism in country, Occupational safety and professional independence were not provided journalists and in such a situation, journalists had least impact on their job status. This effect will remain at least as long as platform for professional activity. In this situation, Obtaining an accurate picture of the rights and professional characteristics of journalists is the starting point for the social responsibilities of this group and, as a result, achieving professional and desirable journalism in the country. Also, pass laws and regulations of independence of the journalistic profession will be an effective infrastructure for journalism and will be the basis for the proper functioning of the media and journalists. Manuscript profile
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        15 - Users' Perception of Cultural Security in Cyberspace (Cyberspace Creates or Destroys Security)
        Ali Mirbeyk sabzevari Faezeh Taghipour Reza Esmaili
        10.30495/mediastudies.2023.68210.1467
        The aim of this study was to explain users' perceptions of cultural security in cyberspace. For this purpose, 38 managers, specialists and professors of communication, media, cyberspace and culture were selected using theoretical purposive sampling and studied by qualit More
        The aim of this study was to explain users' perceptions of cultural security in cyberspace. For this purpose, 38 managers, specialists and professors of communication, media, cyberspace and culture were selected using theoretical purposive sampling and studied by qualitative content analysis. The data collection tool in this study was an in-depth semi-structured interview. Findings include 21 themes: the impact of cultural security on multifaceted cultural infrastructures; Interaction of economic security with cultural security, Cultural diversity in cyberspace, introduction of sustainable landscape, Global dimensions of cultural security, Purposeful reflection of the concept of cultural security, Strengthening and enriching cultural heritage in cyberspace, Preservation and promotion of Islamic culture, revival of customs and traditions, Introducing local and indigenous literature, strengthening artistic motivations, Explain cultural values and norms, Acquisition of new knowledge, Perceptions and behaviors of users and the harms and threats of cyberspace were in the field of cultural security. The findings showed that what and how cultural security in cyberspace is influenced by economic, political, social and international approaches, as well as the performance and perception of users of cyberspace Manuscript profile
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        16 - تأثیر رسانههای جمعی در افزایش احساس ناامنی و ایجاد رویکردهای امنیتی
        اعظم مهدوی پور نجمه شهرانی کرانی
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        17 - Virtual Security Management of Internet Banking Service and its Effect on Absorption of Tejarat Bank Customers
        Alireza Talkhabi Ali Shah Hamidreza Hossieni Dana Davood Shabani Saber
        The main goal of this research is evaluation of virtual security management of internet banking service and its effect on absorption of Tejarat Bank customers. Statistical universe of this research includes all of Tejarat Bank's Tehran customer in year 1394. For estima More
        The main goal of this research is evaluation of virtual security management of internet banking service and its effect on absorption of Tejarat Bank customers. Statistical universe of this research includes all of Tejarat Bank's Tehran customer in year 1394. For estimation by Cochran’s formula, 143 persons have been chosen randomly and the questionnaire have been done for them. In this research the survey descriptive research method have been used  and the measurement tools of this research is a research made questionnaire including 35 questions, that have been formed based on relative theories. The validity of questionnaire have been obtained based on cron Bach alpha method for all subject of questionnaires (30 questions) questionnaire of banking virtual security 0/933 and (5 questions)   customer absorption 0/741. And this amount demonstrate the internal accordance of questionnaire is optimum. Also in validity estimation it has been determined that all questions and components have correlation with the whole questionnaire. For data analysis by the frequency table, the Pearson and Regression's correlation have been used under SPSS software. The data research demonstrate that there is a meaningful and positive correlation between security controlling of operation and communication, controlling of a information achievement and customer absorption. Manuscript profile
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        18 - بررسی نقش رسانه ها در امنیت ملی
        عبدالرضا شاه محمدی
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        19 - The Study of Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Empowerment of National Newspapers Journalists Which Are Being Published in Tehran
        Hassan Khojasteh Bagherzadeh Omid Jahanshahi Ali Delavar Mohammad Soltanifar
        Organizational culture is one of the most important new topic in management, that is often called that  character of an organization. Organizational culture has an important role in transformation and change management in organizations.Upon this, the aim of this re More
        Organizational culture is one of the most important new topic in management, that is often called that  character of an organization. Organizational culture has an important role in transformation and change management in organizations.Upon this, the aim of this reaserch is study of relationship between organizational cultureand empowerment.cluster sampling has been used as sampling method in this research. 14 newspapers have been elected out of 58 national newspapers which are being published in Teheran. Asking for journalists ideas by questionnaires. at last 256 questionnaires filled out. SPSS software has been used for data analysis. Findings indicat that there is a statistically significant relationship between organizational culture and empowerment. we also find out that upon Sonnen field model of organizational culture,the type of Organizational culture of national newspapers is sangari culture. Manuscript profile
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        20 - Study of Influential Factors of Job Satisfaction Journalists Sector and Social Events in Tehran
        Ani mirzakhanian Mohammad jafari
        Selection and admission of professional journalism career that has affected all aspects of life, job satisfaction is an important factor in career success.Job satisfaction resulting from factors such as needs, interests, motivations, attitudes and personality on the one More
        Selection and admission of professional journalism career that has affected all aspects of life, job satisfaction is an important factor in career success.Job satisfaction resulting from factors such as needs, interests, motivations, attitudes and personality on the one hand and job characteristics, such as working environment, organizational climate, organizational culture and management on the other hand is. If this is an indication of another condition that causes a person to feel happy This study sought to identify influential factors of the satisfaction of the incidents and journalists are Bashd.charchvb in Tehran, Iran Theoretically, the paper on the theory of Social Factor Herzberg's theory is expected Brophy.This questionnaire is a survey on 260 cases of journalists and social events were selected by random sampling, and inferential statistics been achieved using methods The information (regression linear Pearson coefficient, ..) were analyzed.According to descriptive statistics, 25 percent of respondents from their jobs as low as 55% to 20% average rate greatly satisfied.of responsibility (67.3%), a motivational factors (49.6%), the sense of accomplishment (73.5%), the satisfaction of the rights and benefits (6/49 percent) and attitudes of respondents (69.6%) in the average level jobs in journalism but feel their job security (48.8%) in the lower assessment findings Ast.According explanatory,variables and job satisfaction, motivation factors (r=0.36), the feeling of success at work (r=0.44), the sense of responsibility (r=0.54), satisfaction with salary received (r=0.37), work experience (r=0.21), the kind of attitude to work (r=0.32), the nature of the job (r=0.19), job security (r=0.42), there is a significant relationship. n other words, the increase of motivation, reward, achievement, responsibility, experience and positive attitude, job satisfaction increases accountability Yabd.br B=0.38 variable defined by the beta coefficients (38%) of the changes and fluctuations the trend in job satisfaction explained.   Manuscript profile
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        21 - مقایسه چالشها و فرصتهای شغلی زنان روزنامهنگار با زنان غیر روزنامهنگار در حوزه ارتباطات
        محمد دادگران علی دلاور افسانه شمس غیاثوند
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        22 - Causes of political instability in the zone of Middle East and Persian Gulf at sociological point of view
        Mehdi rohani Maryam doreestani
        “Internal vulnerability” and “ external threats and violence” are two main causes that play a critical role in political instabilityand development of regional and national insecurity. In the essential region of Middle East and Persian Gulf, seri More
        “Internal vulnerability” and “ external threats and violence” are two main causes that play a critical role in political instabilityand development of regional and national insecurity. In the essential region of Middle East and Persian Gulf, series ofinternal factors potentially can threat to debilitate or destroy territorial patterns and governing institutions. And unfortunatelyexternal causes that were invited to the region by some countries tend to make a counterbalance of power, and also losing ofbalance in socio-cultural abilities in such an old and traditional zone, they play a dual role to instigate internal forces ofcountries to undergo a change based on two purposes of diplomatic association and back to the origin and even directintervention in some Middle East countries based on private motives.Following to this situation and development of internal demands for involving the process of making government like whatwe saw in recent changes, it bears extra pressure to some governments that the policy of negotiation with foreign balanceforces, weaken their internal legitimate bases and usually their political systems are disable to answer these internal demands.The main point of discussion is studying the meaningful relation between external variants (presence of foreign militaryforces in the region and Zionism régime) and internal factors( like making governments powerful, socio-cultural structure,organizations and state and national ability to associate with politics, condition of social wealth, …) and their effects oninternal instability and national security of local countries of Middle East.In this article we try to study the factors of diplomatic instability and insecurity of Arabic countries of the zone based on twodistinct levels at the same time their affects at a sociology point of view. First we proceed the external causes of instabilitythat actually make use of situation and internal condition of these countries and then refer to internal instability that underinfluence of external factors. Finally we aim to escape from harmful security patterns that turn around intervention ofexternal factors, and make a permanent political stability based on local structure in countries of the zone. And presentsolutions based on new factors of diplomatic and local powers with the purpose of encounter with pattern of power balance. Manuscript profile
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        23 - عوامل موثر بر اعتماد به عملکرد روابط عمومی قوه قضائیه
        نوروز هاشم زهی زهرا جاه بین
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        24 - The Role of Urban Public Spaces for Increasing of social Safety (Case Studies: Golsar and Saqerisazan of Rasht)
        Somayeh Sedighi Seyyed Mohsen Habibi
        The relation between sensory dimensions of urban spaces and social security is assessed in this research. The results of the study show that there is a direct relation between the perceived information of environment and human health. People feel and understand the urba More
        The relation between sensory dimensions of urban spaces and social security is assessed in this research. The results of the study show that there is a direct relation between the perceived information of environment and human health. People feel and understand the urban spaces through different ways and pleasantness or unpleasantness of urban spaces and their safety can have a substantial role on the mental health of dwellers and passersby. This study tries to analyze different ways of transferring and general environmental perception and then finds their effects on social safety and security in order to propose a compound way to organize urban spaces. Based on the obtained results it was supposed to find a compound method for well forming of urban safety regarding some important and social characteristics, including age, gender, education, job, social class and other cases. Researchers tried to find the relevant elements which have direct effects on the decrease and increase of safety of urban environment and then tried to obtain results. The selected method for the analysis was a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods. First, by using the different theoretical sources, the desired quantitative data were gathered and then by analyzing them the quantitative criteria for field consideration were assigned. In fact, according to the outcome information gathered from quantitative data the researchers tried to gather quantitative data and then generalized them. After choosing the methods of research, the next steps were assigning data gathering, collecting of qualitative and quantitative questions, analyzing the data and finally preparation of the report. Hereafter, it was analyzed to find the relation between the elements based on theoretical method, condition of variables (description) and their relation (analysis). First the samples were distributed based on basic elements, dependent and independent elements in order to achieve a general understanding of the sample population. Second, the relations between basic and independent elements with dependent elements were achieved through a test. The outcome answers from the participants were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. According to the raised theories and examining them in the two mentioned areas, the researchers used the uni-sample T-test for comparing the variables in these two areas. Selected case-studies are Saqerisazan and Goslar in Rasht. Oldness, their appearance time, the owning rate of urban facilities, the attitude of young and old people living in these two areas, were among other reasons, the basic ones to choose these two areas, so that the researchers could examine their special and unique characteristics. Distributing the questioners and then gathering of the information, the researchers could compare the rate of safety in the mentioned areas and could recognize the effective factors on the reduction of the safety and therefore were able to reject or approve the theories of the research. The research describes effective factors that affect the security of two mentioned districts. As a result, suggestions including guidelines, strategies, publicities and plan were given and recommended to decrease the crime rate and disorder behavior to increase the safety of each neighborhood. . Manuscript profile
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        25 - The Role of Urban Public Spaces for Increasing of social Safety
        Seyyed Mohsen Habibi Sommayeh Seddighi
        The relation between sensory dimensions of urban spaces and social security is assessed in this research. The results of the study show that there is a direct relation between the perceived information of environment and human health. People feel and understand the urba More
        The relation between sensory dimensions of urban spaces and social security is assessed in this research. The results of the study show that there is a direct relation between the perceived information of environment and human health. People feel and understand the urban spaces through different ways and pleasantness or unpleasantness of urban spaces and their safety can have a substantial role on the mental health of dwellers and passersby. This study tries to analyze different ways of transferring and general environmental perception and then finds their effects on social safety and security in order to propose a compound way to organize urban spaces.Based on the obtained results it was supposed to find a compound method for well forming of urban safety regarding some important and social characteristics, including age, gender, education, job, social class and other cases.Researchers tried to find the relevant elements which have direct effects on the decrease and increase of safety of urban environment and then tried to obtain results. The selected method for the analysis was a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods. First, by using the different theoretical sources, the desired quantitative data were gathered and then by analyzing them the quantitative criteria for field consideration were assigned. In fact, according to the outcome information gathered from quantitative data the researchers tried to gather quantitative data and then generalized them. After choosing the methods of research, the next steps were assigning data gathering, collecting of qualitative and quantitative questions, analyzing the data and finally preparation of the report.Hereafter, it was analyzed to find the relation between the elements based on theoretical method, condition of variables (description) and their relation (analysis). First the samples were distributed based on basic elements, dependent and independent elements in order to achieve a general understanding of the sample population.Second, the relations between basic and independent elements with dependent elements were achieved through a test. The outcome answers from the participants were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. According to the raised theories and examining them in the two mentioned areas, the researchers used the uni-sample T-test for comparing the variables in these two areas.Selected case-studies are Saqerisazan and Goslar in Rasht. Oldness, their appearance time, the owning rate of urban facilities, the attitude of young and old people living in these two areas, were among other reasons, the basic ones to choose these two areas, so that the researchers could examine their special and unique characteristics. Distributing the questioners and then gathering of the information, the researchers could compare the rate of safety in the mentioned areas and could recognize the effective factors on the reduction of the safety and therefore were able to reject or approve the theories of the research. The research describes effective factors that affect the security of two mentioned districts. As a result, suggestions including guidelines, strategies, publicities and plan were given and recommended to decrease the crime rate and disorder behavior to increase the safety of each neighborhood.... Key words: Security, Safety, Social safety, Safe Urban City. Manuscript profile
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        26 - A Research on Delivering the Analysis Framework of Social Capital in Urban Structure, Focusing on Public Urban Spaces Role (Case Study: Tehran city)
        Farah Habib Seyed Majid Naderi Laala Jahanshahlo Hamideh Forouzangohar
        The background of studies on social capital have been closely related to various aspects of development in a way that some researchers have even linked it with establishment of 'good governance', emergence and acceleration of the activities of organizational networks, a More
        The background of studies on social capital have been closely related to various aspects of development in a way that some researchers have even linked it with establishment of 'good governance', emergence and acceleration of the activities of organizational networks, and lowering the burden of local governments. A positive relation has been found in other research works between social capital on the one hand and the level of success in development plans, taking more and greater advantage of shared lands , boosting the joint action potential, improving health standards, increasing the national income, and encouraging the level of public participation in urban projects. Just like the physical capital that contributes to reshaping the raw material relying on taking advantage of tools that facilitate the production, 'human capital', too, changes the quality of the people's conduct by improving their skills and boosting their capabilities. People are thus taught to behave differently and to do their jobs more effectively. 'Social Capital', too, is in its turn accumulated when relations among the people would be subject to such evolution that they would interact more easily. Social capital is a concept without a long and detailed theoretical background. The concept was first used in academic texts and articles in 1990s and its usage has gradually increased up to the present day. That gradual increase in such fields as sociology, economy, politics, and education is indebted to research works by professors, such as James Coleman, Robert Putnam, Fukuyama, and Bourdieu.  Coleman considers the 'social structure' as the generating source for the 'social capital', but reiterates, "Social capital is defined based on its functions."  He believes the social capital is not a solid concept, but a combination of various factors that share two characteristics: 1) they are all different aspects of the social structure; and 2) they facilitate certain actions of the people within the social structure. Social capital, like all other forms of capital, is generative, and facilitates achieving certain goals gaining which would have been impossible in its absence. Social capital is considered as a hidden potential among society members interactions which causes most actions and behaviors in societies. The prerequisite of such phenomena is a space in which people are presented and their social interactions are created.   The present article aims on codification and analysis of social capital concept in urban structure and delivering a framework towards analysis based on documentary and descriptive measurement survey and studies on the proposed framework indicators. The result of the researches show that the social capital analysis indicators in urban structure can be considered in different fields such as citizens’ sense of security, social interactions, public participation, community partnership and the amount of social interaction tension. Amongst all, the public urban spaces play the basic role in ground building for social participations and strength of social and community interactions through providing the possibility of public well-known religious and unreligious ceremonies and friendship interactions. Furthermore, the analysis of such indicators in case study provides the ground for delivering strategies in betterment and optimization of actions towards more social capital. Manuscript profile
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        27 - Analysis on Relation between Tenure Security and Inhabitant's Willingness for Participating in Improving Informal Settlement (Case Study: Koshtargah Neighborhood in Urmia)
        Manouchehr Tabibian Bahman Ahmadi Seyed Mohammad Hashemi
        Manuscript profile
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        28 - The Analysis of Security in Informal Areas with Special Reference to Social Pathologies (Case study: Khaksefid- Tehran)
        Homayon Noraee Manochehr Tabibiyan Naser Rezae
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        29 - The Relationship of Perceived Tenure Security and Housing Quality in Informal Settlement of Islamabad, Tehran
        Hashem Dadash Poor Bahram Alizadeh
        Formation of the informal settlements has become a global challenge in cities especially the ones in developing countries. These settlements encounter problems such as poverty, illegal land occupation, lack of infrastructures, low quality of house and etc.  In the More
        Formation of the informal settlements has become a global challenge in cities especially the ones in developing countries. These settlements encounter problems such as poverty, illegal land occupation, lack of infrastructures, low quality of house and etc.  In the past few years, informal urban housing, and tenure insecurity have been attracting attention of the many global development organizations like UN_HABITAT, World Bank and so on. As such it leads to a steady stream of academic writings and new initiatives on the subject. Most of them intend to present solutions to solve land occupation security in order to improve living conditions in informal settlements. Recent studies believe that tenure security for low-income settlement dwellers encounter three distinct forms: tenure security as perceived by dwellers, tenure security as a legal construct and de facto tenure security. Nowadays there are two different approaches regarding the tenure security which as follow: traditional and modern approaches. Traditional approaches focus on tenure security more than legal aspect. These consider the occupation security as having title-deed for the official occupancy of a place. Although the modern approach does not negate the possibility that the title can generate tenure security, it argues that the same object can be achieved through different factors which have been called extra-legal and semi legal factors.  There exists a distance between the idea of tenure security and the legal concept which has turned it into a social psychology issue. Social psychological approach shows that people’s decisions are often influenced by what they feel about a situation. Survey method is considered as the methodology of this research to achieve an objective and hypotheses test. According to this method, questionnaires was prepared and filled in Islamabad neighborhood. Finally, by using statistical techniques of factor analysis, Cronbach`s Alpha, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regressions, the main analysis of data completed. The social psychological approach is defined in a way which makes the concept of perceived tenure security. Through following these means, the same conception is shown to be composed of the perceived probability of eviction (a thinking state), the fear of eviction (a feeling state) and the lack of support networks, which are separate variables. Within the results there are positive and direct relationship between housing quality and tenure security. Since other factors such as probability of eviction, fear of eviction and lack of support networks affect the perceived occupation security of households, the legal ownership is not the whole tenure Security in the neighborhood of the case study. Among these factors, lack of support networks influence the perceived tenure security of households much more than the other factors. Since informal settlements are key location of the urban poor to live, presumably the monthly income of households plays an essential role in tenure security and housing quality which can affects them. Therefore, it is recommended that the subsequent studies use the households monthly income as controlable variable in their tests in the future. The paper's outcome can be considered as the future studies' basis on the same subject. Manuscript profile
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        30 - An Explanation on the Role of Physical Elements of Environment in the Security of Residential Complexes (Case study: Hamedan Residential Complexes)
        Sara Jalalian Farah Habib Kianoush Zaker Haghighy
        10.30495/hoviatshahr.2015.20198
        Security is one of the main necessities of every society. From early Prehistoric cave-dwellers to medieval and modern cities, the organization of settlements has always tended to provide security as major human needs. Two different approaches is used in describing the c More
        Security is one of the main necessities of every society. From early Prehistoric cave-dwellers to medieval and modern cities, the organization of settlements has always tended to provide security as major human needs. Two different approaches is used in describing the concept of security; first, security in its objective form which in this dissertation tries to research about it, and it refers to maintenance of people life and property, it is related to crime prevention. In second approach, security refers to subjective concept. The hypothesis of this research is based on this issue that with using results of current researches in the field of relationship between environment and human behavior, it could be possible to formulate a model for crime prevention and improvement of security in building complexes. Universal approach of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED), is used as fundamental theory of this article. It is a different approach to preventing crime and can be said that the design and re-design of an environment may reduce crime opportunity. Four factors in this approach including surveillance, accessibility control, territoriality and image is used as important physical factors in security of residential complexes. Qualitative and quantitative approaches are used in two different parts of this research. In first part, qualitative approach is used for reviewing literature by context analysis and then with interpretation approach and comparative analysis method, this part of research tries to investigate the environmental factors in security of residential complexes. In second part, quantitative method is used for identification of physical elements which affects security in residential complexes of Hamedan. This step results in formulating a model by using interviews and questionnaires. For analyzing the conceptual model, the study used structured equity model by questionnaires in Likert scale answers. The results of analysis are interpreted by descriptive-analytic method. The results show that some physical elements are working through social elements and then affect security. The results of this article shows that some of physical features which are  important in  security issue, such as lighting, opening , body form, and  green space are related to building complexes’ security. The results show that there is not any significant relationship between fence and gate and security of studied samples. Investigation about research findings shows that the physical features of fences and gates and behavioral habits of people as a cultural factor, are of the most important reasons of fading of fences and gates roles in securitization of Hamedan residential complexes. The results show the importance of residential complex periphery context in relation to complex security regarding the existence or the lack of appropriate physical context and the type of adjacent land-uses. The results introduce three level of major, median and minor in relation to building complexes security. City region, situation of building complexes in city and cultural factors are addressed in major level of security researches in building complexes. Urban fabric in median level and physical elements and environmental elements in minor level are addressed in security researches in building complexes.  Manuscript profile
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        31 - Environmental Review in Renovating Dilapidated Urban Areas to Increase Local Security (The Case of Nematabad, 19th Municipality of Tehran)
        Hadise Asgari Tafreshi Bahman Adib Zade Mojtaba Rafiyan Seyed Ebrahim Hooseini
          Physical, economical, social Inattentiveness beside vanished sense of attachment have prepared way for social harms in dilapidated areas. Thus, one of the primary objectives in residential or commercial architecture is preservation of “peace and safety&rdqu More
          Physical, economical, social Inattentiveness beside vanished sense of attachment have prepared way for social harms in dilapidated areas. Thus, one of the primary objectives in residential or commercial architecture is preservation of “peace and safety” which can solely be achieved through the expansion of physical “security”. Researches have shown that the proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in both the opportunity for crime and fear of crime. Through their involvement in design can influence the creation of safer neighborhoods and communities. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) approach may pave the way for alleviation and prevention of urban crimes, including dilapidated ones, by using general elements such as mixed land use, provision of predictable routes, proper urban lighting, creation of defensible spaces, etc... . CPTED is part of a comprehensive approach to crime prevention. By emphasizing modifications to the physical environment, it complements community-based policing, Block Watch, and social programs that address some of the root causes of criminal behavior.   There are four primary obstacles to the adoption of CPTED. First is a lack of knowledge of CPTED by environmental designers, land managers, and individual community members. For this reason, allocating substantial resources to community educational programs are often required. The second major obstacle is resistance to change. Many specifically resist the type of cooperative planning that is required to use CPTED. Beyond that, skeptics reject the research and historic precedents that support the validity of CPTED concepts. The third obstacle is the perception that CPTED claims to be a panacea for crime that will be used to displace other more traditional approaches rather than a small complementary tool in deterring offender behavior. The fourth obstacle is that many existing built areas were not designed with CPTED in mind, and modification would be expensive, politically difficult, or require significant changes in some areas of the existing built environment.   CPTED works best when fully supported by the community. Other key partners include: neighborhood residents: who can make their communities safer through participation in the development and implementation of CPTED-based strategies for crime prevention new home buyers: who can ask for a home built to CPTED principles apartment building managers: who can organize the safety of tenants   elected officials: who can encourage the integration of CPTED principles into official plans, zoning by-laws and development permits   police officers: who can conduct CPTED assessments in existing neighborhoods and review applications for new developments   insurance companies: who can offer discounts for safe designs Nematabad as a dilapidated urban area with vast abandoned lands has crucial problems in terms of crime rate and its spread throughout public areas. Therefore, the present paper with collection of existing data for given area and certain questioners filled out by residents that processed via GIS and SPSS as comprehensible graphic maps, tries to explore complex areas and categorizes their specifications, in addition to introducing their generative factors and the environmental design approach to regularize these areas. Manuscript profile
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        32 - Evaluation of Female Satisfaction in Women Parks ( Case Study: Women Parks of Tabriz)
        Maliheh Hashemi Tilehnoi Morteza Mirgholam Mojtaba Rafiyan
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        33 - Assessment of Factors Affecting on Urban Security to Increase the Presence of Women in the Urban Spaces (Case Study: Saie Park, Tehran, Iran)
        Narges Sadeghi Sohail Sobhanardakani Kiyanoosh Zakerhaghighi
        Nowadays, the citizen's security and the ways of promoting it have been considered as a priority of urban designer. Planning and design for safety in a city or a neighbourhood may become a very complex exercise from the physical point of view.Cities and urban areas are More
        Nowadays, the citizen's security and the ways of promoting it have been considered as a priority of urban designer. Planning and design for safety in a city or a neighbourhood may become a very complex exercise from the physical point of view.Cities and urban areas are places where different communities and groups of people attend in. With a great variety of social and cultural life styles and different attitudes, so that they have different demands and expectations from their spaces. The amount of using urban spaces indicates its suitability to serve the needs and inspirations of each group. Besides meeting the social needs, services and access for all users of space, urban spaces must deal with facilities and conditions to develop and infuse a sense of security in space. Urban planners try to identify security threat, especially in public and urban spaces, provide security for their users. Female due to differences in biological characteristics, responsibilities, and attitudes compared to men, establish a different relationship with the space. So, Special facilities are required to increase.The confidence of the spaces for their presence in urban spaces, especially public spaces such as parks, in this research relied on descriptive-analysis method has been studied in Tehran (Saei Park) on the purpose of promoting the security of women in urban spaces and the effective factors for security of women. One hundred questionnaires consist of multiple-choice questions and descriptive ones are prepared and distributed among the women in the park and the responses were analyzed by the SPSS software. First of all, an introduction of the studied field and basis theoretical of the research which consists of explanations, conceptions, and attitudes related to the topic is presented and afterwards an investigation of the factors affecting the safety of women in the studied field, a description of the research history (conducted similar researches) and a research approach are scrutinized. Finally, the outcomes and discoveries of the research due to increasing the women's security in urban areas are studied.The results of increasing women's security in urban spaces according to the results of the questionnaires about unsafe parts in Saie Park, shows that more than half of the park spaces, including the southern and eastern parts and a large area in the center of the park are insecure and women are less likely to use these parts. The reasons that women don't intend to use the insecure areas or use them less include: accessibility, readability, vegetation, social control, lighting and flooring. The result shows that women's high secure feeling in urban areas is not affected by personal characteristics, such as age, education level and employment status; and three effective factors including physical (lighting, access control, furniture, mixed land uses, access to quality, night life, green space and legibility), social (social justice space, security understanding of population and Social control) and social-physical (being familiar with the space and renowned space). Among these factors, social-physical factor is the most important reason to keep women safe in urban places.... Keywords: Women security, Urban space, Social-physical factors, Saie Park. Manuscript profile
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        34 - The Role of Perceptual and Spatial Organization of Street in Security Feeling of Pedestrians (Case study: Tabriz city)
        Leila Rahimi Mohamad Taghi Pirbabaei
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        35 - Urban Space Design: Creating Safer Places for Children in Iran Applying Worldwide Experiences
        Mamak Nassiri Nasab Rafsanjani
        Nowadays, children all around the world constitute approximately 31 percent of the global population, and moreover, in the country of Iran children comprise a population of about 19 million individuals who represent the future human capital of this country, and areas su More
        Nowadays, children all around the world constitute approximately 31 percent of the global population, and moreover, in the country of Iran children comprise a population of about 19 million individuals who represent the future human capital of this country, and areas such, an important demographic in this country’s society. Therefore, it is a critical matter that children should be considered in the process of urban planning and design. As UNICEF express it, the primary responsibility for ensuring that children’s right is realized lies with governments and other stakeholders such as civil society organizations, the private sector, academia, and media, as well as children themselves. Given that, public and government officials, city managers, top executives, and private firms should collaborate with each other to set out a series of normative principles for city planners and urban designers taking consideration of children needs. It is safe to say that children need consist of many factors such as environmental, social, educational, cultural, healthcare, and more importantly safety needs. Broadly speaking, it is the city, town or community’s task to protect children from violence, abuse, and exploitation where they can grow up healthy with utmost care. Hence, investigating, determining and identifying the characteristics of a safe and secure environment for children (or even adults) is crucial to this matter. The citizen’s security and ways of promoting it has been considered as the priority of urban designer, this urban security promotion and improvement, have beneficial aspects on cultural and social traces and relics that related to citizen’s behavioral pattern that enhance the residential environment quality through urban crime and violence reduction. As a matter of fact, in the past few decades, there has been a change in understanding of how crime and violence reduction should be achieved. Taking into account the above, several researchers have offered concepts of defensible spaces to planners and designers in order to create and shape a more secure and safer public space which reduces the crime and violence rate. The attempt has been made to introduce the role of urban fabric and its physical aspects and makes clear the principles, paradigms and the theoretician strategies approaches. Moreover, examined here are the experiences gained around the world with regards to the design of safe public spaces. Given that, The effort has been made to foster the factors which are affected to the urban spaces safety, the necessity of the safe urban theories relates to this manifest: nowadays, the urban fabric potentials and physical aspect have been not considered in urban crime reduction that enhances the quality of life and urban satisfaction. This research result shows that the crime commission and violence can be reduced by using practical urban design criteria. The attempt has been made to cultivate the factors which are affected to urban security. By attention to the positive aspects of the safe and secure urban public spaces, and their influence on children, we shall arrive at certain deductive principles or guidelines for safe public urban spaces in our cities. Manuscript profile
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        36 - The Effect of the physical Components of the Historical Context on the Environmental Security of Tourists (Case study: Ardakan, Charkhab Neighborhood)
        Zeinab Mirhoseini Heydar Jahanbakhsh
        Upgrading environmental security of historical context that are going to be abandoned, due to main components in addition to creating peace from being in a safe environment, also it causes to attract tourists. Success and sustainable growth of tourism depends on well-fu More
        Upgrading environmental security of historical context that are going to be abandoned, due to main components in addition to creating peace from being in a safe environment, also it causes to attract tourists. Success and sustainable growth of tourism depends on well-functioning and coordinated numerous elements and factors which are interconnected. One of the most important of these factors is the safety of tourists and tourist destination. Accordingly, by recreating in accordance with maximum efficiency and increasing security, the abandoned environments provide people optimal background activities in these environments. The development of tourism industry in Iran as a way of diversification of revenue of the country should be considered more than ever by planners and policy makers, because Iran despite of having a history of ancient civilizations and diverse historical and cultural attractions still has not used the advantages of this industry in a proportional place. The unfulfilled security needs of the audience with the historical context of cities, not only prevents from reaching to higher level needs such as self-actualization, aesthetic, knowing and understanding, but also reduce social interaction and ultimately they are followed by vacant and abandoned historic neighborhoods. So, the impact of the main components in increasing environmental security in two groups of residents and tourists of Charkhab neighborhood is targeted. In order to collect data on the theoretical basis, the studies in five sectors including the historical context of tourism, health & safety in connection with the tourists, safe urban environment, security of urban fabric, and similar examples in the world are followed to respond the research question based on that gathered information. The used method in this study is causal-comparative and by means of questionnaires and observation to analyze the views of residents and tourists and by taking advantage of existing library resources and collecting information, Charkhab neighborhood is selected as the sample and it is periodic. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS software that Student T test for independent groups of the assumption of homogeneity of variances was used to check the effect of the main components of environmental security Statistical population of the study, due to the uncertainty of tourists' population, is available sampling method considered, as 120 people were used (60 people per group). Finally, research indicates that between environment main components that include: Form and size of the space, environmental visual comfort, spatial organization and permeability, quality of buildings and land use perspective from two groups, there is a difference and in terms of tourists compared to Charkhab neighborhood residents is less secure. However, in prioritizing the main components in terms of both groups, visual comfort is in highest rank and permeability is lower in rank. So, in the end by presenting the main strategies to promote environmental security has been provided, and the threat of spatial opportunities to reduce the security feeling cause the increasing presence of more tourists  in historic neighborhoods that have strong potential for tourism in Iran, and promote the dynamism and vitality in historic neighborhoods.... Keywords: Historical Context, Perimeter Security, Secure Urban space, Visual Comfort, Permeability. Manuscript profile
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        37 - Investigating the factors affecting the fight against corruption (Study case: Sports and Youth Department of Central Province)
        sadaf naghsh javaheri ali asghar pourezzat abolhassan faghihi amir babak marjani
        The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effective factors on fighting corruption in the Sports and Youth Department of Central Province. The current research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in nature. The statistical popu More
        The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effective factors on fighting corruption in the Sports and Youth Department of Central Province. The current research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in nature. The statistical population of the present study was all the employees of the Sports and Youth Department of Central Province and its sub-units, numbering 890 people. According to Cochran's limited formula, the sample size was equal to 268 people. And the random sampling method was simple. Field method and questionnaire tool were used for data analysis. From the standard questionnaire of Sorek and Helgren (2002) for the variable of job security, from the questionnaire of Javadi Yeganeh et al. (2009) for the variable of strengthening the rule of law, from the standard questionnaire of Sawyer (1992) for the variable of organizational transparency, from the standard questionnaire of Bowens (2005) for the variable Organizational accountability and Abdulahi's questionnaire (2013) was used for the variable of fight against corruption. In this research, standard questionnaires were used and approved by university professors, so the questionnaires have been valid. Also, the reliability of the questionnaires has been confirmed. SPSS and Lisrel software were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that job security, strengthening the rule of law, transparency and accountability were effective factors in fighting corruption in the Sports and Youth Department of Central Province. Manuscript profile
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        38 - Investigating the mediating role of stubbornness in the relationship between habit and intention of cyber security behavior in physical education teachers of South Khorasan province
        kazem Cheraghbirjandi Fateme Hamidi Fateme Shekhi molashahi Fateme Alidoost
        10.30495/jism.2023.73576.1043
        stubbornness habit security teachers
        stubbornness habit security teachers Manuscript profile
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        39 - Proactive multi-secret sharing scheme based on Lagrange interpolation and Chinese remainder theorem
        Mohammad Ebrahim Ebrahimi Kiasari Abdolrasoul Mirghadri Nasrollah Pakniat Mojtaba Nazari
        In a proactive secret sharing scheme, a set of secrets are distributed among a set of participants in such a way that: 1) the participants’ shares could be renewed in certain time periods without the aid of the dealer, and 2) while some specific subsets of the par More
        In a proactive secret sharing scheme, a set of secrets are distributed among a set of participants in such a way that: 1) the participants’ shares could be renewed in certain time periods without the aid of the dealer, and 2) while some specific subsets of the participants, called authorized subsets, are able to reconstruct the secrets, other subsets could not obtain any information about the secrets. To the best of our knowledge, there exists only one proactive multi-secret sharing scheme in the literature. This scheme can be considered as the combination of a well-known proactive (single) secret sharing scheme and the one-time-pad encryption system. This scheme is only weakly secure meaning that the disclosure or reconstruction of one of the secrets in this scheme would be lead to the disclosure of all the secrets. In addition to being weakly secure, this scheme reconstructs all the secrets at once and does not provide gradual reconstruction of the secrets. To solve these problems, we use Lagrange interpolation and the Chinese remainder theorem in this paper and propose a new proactive multi-secret sharing scheme. The proposed scheme is a strongly secure proactive multi-secret sharing scheme. It allows gradual reconstruction of the secrets in a predetermined order and provides verifiability using the intractability of discrete logarithm problem. Manuscript profile
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        40 - تحلیل شورای تأمین از منظر اصل قانونمندی در حقوق کیفری ایران
        منصور رحمدل
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        41 - سیاست کیفری امنیت مدار ایران در تعدیل مجازات ها
        مصطفی افشین پور مهدی نقوی
        Manuscript profile
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        42 - پراگماتیسم سیاست جنایی مشارکتی درقبال خشونت علیه زنان
        عسل عظیمیان باقر شاملو محمد علی مهدوی ثابت نسرین مهرا
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        43 - «نقش قرارموقت دیوان بین‌المللی دادگستری در اختلافات زیست‌محیطی بین دولت‌ها»
        سید عباس پورهاشمی مجید حقانی
        Manuscript profile
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        44 - Protecting the fundamental rights of the nation in the face of the security of criminal policy and the uncontrolled judicial actions of the government
        Seyed Mohammad Farrokh Reza Shafiee Salman Kunani Smira Golkhandan
        10.30495/jlap.2021.18973
        The protection of the fundamental rights of the nation is the gateway to the realization of democracy and the rule of law in society. Violation of these rights prevents the constitutional role from playing a desirable role in society, and guaranteeing these rights means More
        The protection of the fundamental rights of the nation is the gateway to the realization of democracy and the rule of law in society. Violation of these rights prevents the constitutional role from playing a desirable role in society, and guaranteeing these rights means protecting the constitution and the condition of legal development in society, which itself is compatible with measures such as public policy, such as criminal policy. Among the fundamental rights of the nation, which are likely to be violated in the security-oriented approach of criminal policy and exceptions to the rule of law, is the right to liberty and the right to sue. With description; In this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, an overview of the components of each of the mentioned matters and the results of the research indicate that; Despite the security contexts of Iran's criminal policy and the requirements of the rule of law, the reality is that the nation's fundamental rights are not violated and the establishment of participatory criminal policy mechanisms and the rulers' real benefit from religious teachings, as well as the necessary measures to control and monitor more. Exercising judicial oversight by the government can put an end to any possible concerns of violations or deviations from the nation's fundamental rights. Manuscript profile
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        45 - International regime of Aviation Law; Do's and Don'ts:
        Hamidreza Seyedi seyedbagher Mirabbasi Ehsan Kamrani
        10.30495/jlap.2022.19054
        AbstractEvery legal regime is a purposeful, systematic, and inherently unified set. In the national legal regime, the government and in international law, the United Nations is the axis of the international legal regime. Governments have international responsibility for More
        AbstractEvery legal regime is a purposeful, systematic, and inherently unified set. In the national legal regime, the government and in international law, the United Nations is the axis of the international legal regime. Governments have international responsibility for violating international obligations because of their special position of "sovereignty." The responsibility of states for their actions, which is interpreted as "international responsibility", includes compensatory mechanisms, which follow "international obligations". International aviation law includes international obligations that governments are committed to complying with. Requirements of governments include; "Governance obligations such as the obligation to cooperate and legislate" (Do's) and "the obligation to abandon prohibited acts and prevent and deal with violators of the rules" (don'ts). The author's purpose in presenting the issues and topics of the forthcoming article is how civil liability, acceptance and commitment to international treaties and conventions, along with the oversight actions of national airlines, can improve the safety and security of airlines and airports? Manuscript profile
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        46 - The role of political security in Islamic Azad University in Islamic Republic of Iran during the 80's
        Majid Masomi Laleh Gholipour Arbastan
        This study is important for understanding the role of the Islamic Azad University in Iran's internal political security of is 80 solar. It can be said that the Islamic Republic of Iran Islamic Revolution as a political system that emerged from popular Legitimacy of the More
        This study is important for understanding the role of the Islamic Azad University in Iran's internal political security of is 80 solar. It can be said that the Islamic Republic of Iran Islamic Revolution as a political system that emerged from popular Legitimacy of the political system and the people involved in all areas of the country Interest in the fate of the people he knows and Since the mission of the university, spread education, awareness and knowledge to the students as part of a dynamic community This could have different effects on different aspects of social life, The research question is, "The Islamic Azad University is involved in the production of political security in the 80s?" Thus, in line with the above question, the main hypothesis is that Looks Islamic Azad University The level of political security in Iran is 80. The purpose of this study Identify the impact of Islamic Azad University of Political Security Level The method is carried out and the cause Using the methodology of library collection, Have been classified and test hypotheses, The results of this study, It suggests that, Islamic Azad University in the '80s, It's called the enhancement of quality decade Students gain knowledge and insight in the context of the political aspirations of the Islamic Republic of Iran With growing momentum and sensible and hurried away from any moving And factional politics is going to hit. Manuscript profile
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        47 - حقوق بشر و یکپارچگی حقوق بین المللی: دستاوردهای محاکم حقوق بشری منطقه ای
        مهران محمودی علیرضا ربیعی فرادبنه
        Manuscript profile
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        48 - -
        M. Masoomi A. Saee
        Manuscript profile
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        49 - Iran and the New Iraq: Challenges and Opportunities
        کیهان Barzegar
        Considering the developments taking place in Iraq andthe imminent installing of a new government in the country, theauthor, in this article, seeks to explore the opportunities andchallenges of the aforementioned situation to the Iranian nationalinterests. The main quest More
        Considering the developments taking place in Iraq andthe imminent installing of a new government in the country, theauthor, in this article, seeks to explore the opportunities andchallenges of the aforementioned situation to the Iranian nationalinterests. The main question of the research involves that whatkind of government in Baghdad would secure the Iranian nationalinterests, as the fact that Iraq has persistently represented andwill be a strategic rival and a security threat to Iran. This articleis organized in three sections. In the first section, the authorexposes the Iranian general views toward the Arab world andIraq in particular. The second and third sections observe the constants in the Iranian-Iraqi relations and pays attention to thechallenges ahead. Finally, the author undertakes that Iran andthe new Iraq are able to divert their relations from the stage ofcontinued conflicts and threatening each other’s interests anddirect them toward a constructive rivalry and cooperation withinthe framework of common interests. This will largely depend onthe first step to be taken by the new Iraqi government. Manuscript profile
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        50 - The role of culture in orientation of Chinese foreign policy
        Roya Khezri
        The foreign policy of every country is composed of linked segments of long chain of social relations; therefore, it is not a phenomenon to be debated abstractly. Foreign policy of every country linked to its political, economic and cultural segments. To analyze China&rs More
        The foreign policy of every country is composed of linked segments of long chain of social relations; therefore, it is not a phenomenon to be debated abstractly. Foreign policy of every country linked to its political, economic and cultural segments. To analyze China’s policy we can describe this country as a system of human’s behavior with its system of norms, laws and methods of decision making. Most of China’s foreign policy experts in their studies have emphasized on internal factors like culture, values, perceptions and leader views. The views of leaders on internal and external affairs and taking decisions for them are affected by their cultures. So, in foreign policy decision making, culture plays a basic role. Hence, t. analyze China’s foreign policy, investigating the cultural specifications of this country is a must. Manuscript profile
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        51 - -
        M. Soltanifar
        Manuscript profile
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        52 - The U.S.A Strategy about Energy
        Abolghasem Taheri
        The U.S. energy Policy, independence reduction, diversification and utilizing new energies areamong the U.S. measures to reinforce its presence in oil-bearing regions.
        The U.S. energy Policy, independence reduction, diversification and utilizing new energies areamong the U.S. measures to reinforce its presence in oil-bearing regions. Manuscript profile
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        53 - European Union and the Policy of Replacing New Energies
        A. Taheri A. Molaee
        European Union with 450 million consumers is the world's second largest energy market. Therefore, sustainable energy, competitive and secure one of the fundamental pillars of European security. Europe's energy security interests of the Union are influenced by internal f More
        European Union with 450 million consumers is the world's second largest energy market. Therefore, sustainable energy, competitive and secure one of the fundamental pillars of European security. Europe's energy security interests of the Union are influenced by internal factors such as rising oil prices and reduced energy production in Europe as well as external factors such as the increase in global demand as a result of the rise of emerging economies such as China and India, The continuing turmoil in the production of oil and Russia's willingness to use energy as a tool of political power. This study analyzes the Europe Union to secure its energy policy with regard to the importance of environmental issues. This issue has been discussed that the Europe Union to reduce its dependence on imported energy sources and increase energy security, increase policy use efficiency, use of alternative energy and energy efficiency in different economic sectors and industry has started. Manuscript profile
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        54 - Regional Security and the Function of Confidence–building Regime
        (Seyed) Hosain Mousavi
        The Presupposition of our Foreign Policy is achieving development through decreasingcosts and increasing opportunities. Providing Security is one of the costly projects of ourcountry and now that realistic approaches can not meet all the security needs of societies,conf More
        The Presupposition of our Foreign Policy is achieving development through decreasingcosts and increasing opportunities. Providing Security is one of the costly projects of ourcountry and now that realistic approaches can not meet all the security needs of societies,confidence–building regimes in terms of the neo–liberal institutionalism theories as asecurity regime and regarding its successful experiences in Europe, Southeast Asia and SouthAmerica have been considered as an alternative security. Confidence–building is an armscontrolling regime that tries to demonstrate this claim that states have nonaggressivepolitical and military intentions, and they demonstrate this claim by accepting transparencyand regulation. The Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) Which washeld in 1972 in the era of cold war with the participation of all of the European Countries(except Albania) and North America, during different meetings and periods have becomegradually a common purpose. The military projects have been exchanged by each otherunder regulation and transparency, and the culture of cooperation and confidence decreasedmost of the overwhelming costs and psychological insecurities of the leaders and thepeople. The process of confidence – building regime and its achievements in Europe canprovide useful experiences for developing regional security in world’s insecure regions. Manuscript profile
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        55 - The Geopolitical Displacement of Capitalism: NATO, the Agent of Armed Capitalism
        Mahdi Khalafkhani Mahdi Abedi
        The collapse of former Soviet Union has resulted to erroneous interpretation that NATO has cometo an end. Thus, several political scholars such as Henry Kissinger, Ronald steel Hogh de Santisand Structuralist Kenneth Waltz talked about “The end of NATO”. For More
        The collapse of former Soviet Union has resulted to erroneous interpretation that NATO has cometo an end. Thus, several political scholars such as Henry Kissinger, Ronald steel Hogh de Santisand Structuralist Kenneth Waltz talked about “The end of NATO”. For some causes such as theDevelopment of religious fundamentalism, International terrorism, the necessities of new democraticworld order and the security of Global economic order has turned the discussions on theresurgence and the Development of NATO Among several factors affected the development ofNATO in central Asia and caucuses, this article seeks to explain and analyze one of the main causesfor the development and geographical displacement of NATO, i.e. economic factors. As far as theconcern outhor concerns, the establishment of former Soviet Union has been the most eminentanti-mega trend against the Development and globalization of Capitalism. As a consequence, theGlobalization of Capitalism was postponed from 1917 to 1990. After the collapse of Soviet Unionand Chinese Economical over viewing, Capitalism Found a suitable opportunity to change into aworld Economic Hegemony and to reconstruct the new order. For multiple causes that have generallybeen commented by Immanuel Wallerstein, the theoretician of world order, Capitalism hasalready undertaken for geographical displacement and annexation of the new regions into its territory.The two instances on which, as Wallenstein believes, the survival of Capitalism is dependent.He maintains that the improvement of transportations, communications, and Armament steadilydecrease the costs of the annexations of new regions into central areas. moreover, heclaims that continuum expansions are deliberate process which benefit various military,political, and economical pressures and have overcome the political resistances in the territorywhich the mentioned Geographical expansion made. Writer believes that the NATO expansion is the prerequisite of Capitalism Development. Capitalism and its optimal functioningis vigorously related to the security. In some cases Central Asia is deemed as an originalregion for the world of economy.These origins confront multiple ethnic and religiouschallenges due to their ethnic and demographic structures. Last but not least, these originsare contiguous to the climacteric middle East, so they are likely to be affected by such criticalareas.Thus, NATO expansion is considered as necessary security coverage to createstability for foreign investment in order to benefit the current potentials and to decrease thecosts. This article says (Hypothecs) that the Development of NATO in Central Asia andCaucuses, decreases the annexation costs of new regions to World Economy in order toglobalizing the Capitalism, while reinforcing the security of stability. Manuscript profile
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        56 - -
        A. Saei GH. Torabi
        Manuscript profile
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        57 - Inter-paradigmatic concept of security: the U.S. security approach after cold war as a case study
        Dr. Abdol all Ghavam Mehdi Vahidi
        In the present article we have made a discourse, historical, analytic and paradigm analysis on the concept of security in order to remove its ambiguities in international relations. We have also investigated the transition of historical view point regarding the concept More
        In the present article we have made a discourse, historical, analytic and paradigm analysis on the concept of security in order to remove its ambiguities in international relations. We have also investigated the transition of historical view point regarding the concept of national and international security through extensive accounts of the transitions of the security concept dated back to the cold war era. Besides, after careful consideration of security paradigm transition ( realism, liberalism, constructivism), we attempted to theorize security both subjectively and objectively in a way to present its conceptual transition in U.S. foreign policy. Underlining the extensive concept of security, the results indicated a need for an inter paradigm study in terms of ontology, epistemnlogy and discourse regarding any analysis and investigation in the area of security. Manuscript profile
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        58 - Dominance of Iranian criminal codes in overseas offences based on Imams-related Jurisprudence and national security
        Mohammad Malmir
        There are some crimes carried out against national security and others by expatriateIranians. Moreover, some crimes are done by foreigners which are associated withour country. Carrying out some of these crimes can endamage our homeland andexternal security. This study More
        There are some crimes carried out against national security and others by expatriateIranians. Moreover, some crimes are done by foreigners which are associated withour country. Carrying out some of these crimes can endamage our homeland andexternal security. This study tries to describe that establishing all national criminalcodes related to all expatriate Iranians' crime is neither logical nor practical.Actually, our national criminal codes can be established only about few overseascrimes done by expatriate Iranians or foreigners against our national security.Consequently, the criminal codes should be established on just some specialoverseas crimes. On the one hand, the purpose of Iranian criminal codes dominancein some overseas offences is implementation of canon laws, and on the other hand itis providing the national security. Manuscript profile
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        59 - Position of the right to peace in the charter of UN with looking at the performance of the Security Council
        عاطفه Amininia
        UN in the last days of World War II, as an organization that emerged out of the nations, with the goal of international peace and security arose ideal. It is clear that the achievement of international peace and security requires good infrastructure in paragraphs 2 to 4 More
        UN in the last days of World War II, as an organization that emerged out of the nations, with the goal of international peace and security arose ideal. It is clear that the achievement of international peace and security requires good infrastructure in paragraphs 2 to 4 of the Charter has been mentioned, which is the realization of fundamental human rights. The realization of human rights, in turn, requires hospitalization of peace .this present paper intends to seeks position of the right to peace and assess the performance of the Council in this regard. Council in this regard, what is qualified and competent to truly ahead of this coming from. what is qualified and competent to make this truly is the threshold? Manuscript profile
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        60 - The Desirable Model of Establishing National Security by the Islamic Republic of IranThrough Soft Power
        Dr. Mahmoud Kolahchian
        Soft power is the ability to form the preferences of others. This ability can be used in two areas,On the one side, to help the national will in order to establish national security and, on the otherside, to accept the activities of a government by public opinion in a n More
        Soft power is the ability to form the preferences of others. This ability can be used in two areas,On the one side, to help the national will in order to establish national security and, on the otherside, to accept the activities of a government by public opinion in a national and internationallevel.Regarding this matter, this article is willing to, through disclosing soft power trinity sources(cultural, political, economic) and using Delphi technique and the pyramid of hierarchy whileinvestigating the indexes of trinity sources, determine their priorities over each other and thenwith the aid of Pearson’s Cohesion method tell their relation with national security indexes.This article shows that in the priority of main norms (trinity sources of soft power), culturalnorm has the highest degree, which means six times economic power and three times politicalpower. This undermines the fact that cultural power potentially and political power can possibly(planner and facilitator) affect the providing of soft power.The aim of this research is to provide a desirable model, in which the highest capacity of eachbranch should be used. So three indexes which have gained the highest score in the three abovementioned domains are elected as the schema.In cultural domain the three indexes of having Basij’s beliefs, being loyal to the country’swisdom and being theocentric; in political domain political leadership, revolutionarypersistence, desirable and perfect diplomatic communities; in economic domain commercialpolitics, economic assistances and foreign investment can be taken into consideration. Thismodel can be used in a long time in order to establish and develop national security throughsoft power. In this case economic domain will not be neuter any more and political domainwill be directly effective. This procedure will assist branches to develop together. In thiscase we can be hopeful to establish and develop national security in a long time. Manuscript profile
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        61 - تأثیر سوخت‌های زیستی بر امنیت غذایی در کشورهای خاورمیانه
        ابراهیم باباخانی رضا رستمیان مصطفی گودرزی
        10.30495/jae.2022.66685.1417
        Manuscript profile
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        62 - Examining the Instability and Asymmetry Model of Attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Iran
        کامبیز هژبر کیانی محمدرضا ناهیدی
        In the past few decades several countries in the world have attracted foreign direct capital as one of the instruments needed for financing the increasing level of internal investment. In this connection, the economic conditions of host countries for increasing the leve More
        In the past few decades several countries in the world have attracted foreign direct capital as one of the instruments needed for financing the increasing level of internal investment. In this connection, the economic conditions of host countries for increasing the level of FDI have been considered as an important factor in achieving their objective. In this study, the impact of some macro-economic variables on FDI is examined in detail in Iran. The period selected is 1352-1388 years and the econometric technique used in this article is the Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity(GARCH) for evaluating the conditions of instability and Power Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (PGARCH) for the conditions of asymmetry. The estimated results of  the model show that under conditions of instability, increasing the exchange rate has a negative impact on FDI, whereas raising labor productivity, protecting investment security and keeping the degree of openness of the economy has a positive effect on attracting FDI. The estimated outcomes obtained under the unstable conditions, due to the type of impact that the explanatory variables may put on the dependent ones, are similar with those under the stable short-run and long-run model with different effective coefficients[1] and that on the other hand they show a positive effect of the shock caused under the unstable conditions on net decrease in FDI. In sum, the results show the asymmetric effects of the shocks on net FDI.  Manuscript profile
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        63 - Determining Various Urban & Rural Deciles Food Optimal Basket in Iran
        کامبیز هژیر کیانی سیدشایسته واردی
        Food security & healthy nutrition are considered as the most significant human needs and a factor for economic growth and development of the countries. Consumer culture and financial potential are two key factors for the individual in society to access proper food a More
        Food security & healthy nutrition are considered as the most significant human needs and a factor for economic growth and development of the countries. Consumer culture and financial potential are two key factors for the individual in society to access proper food and take in the required food stuff & nutrients  that  among  this    government also plays it role in order to increase financial capability and use supporting  tools to direct the society consumer culture .therefor this main aim in this article is to determine of the optimal food basket based on two factors as financial potential and food knowledge .So that this basket has been determined each person monthly in various income deciles and also separating city (household sample 18729) and village (household sample19787) for the year 2011 by using modeling different expenditures and considering the collection of 24 food stuff and 30 nutrients. The results indicates that the monetary (rials) value of the food optimal basket of an urban person is more than the rural .this difference is meaningful in high income deciles .Analyzing between present & optimal food basket shift implies that the first 4 income deciles in urban area and the first 5 income deciles in rural area need supports from the government to achieve food security.   Manuscript profile
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        64 - Relationship between economic security and tax revenues (Evidence from MENA countries)
        کریم رسولی اسداله فرزین‌وش
        Income redistribution and establishing social justice and maintaining it are the major economic objectives that most governments are looking for them. Taxation is a tool that can redistribute wealth in society and can reduce class differences. Meanwhile, an efficient ta More
        Income redistribution and establishing social justice and maintaining it are the major economic objectives that most governments are looking for them. Taxation is a tool that can redistribute wealth in society and can reduce class differences. Meanwhile, an efficient tax system could prevent the occurrence of economic corruption. Furthermore, economic security in a society with minimal risk and economic corruption can promote economic activities and lead to increase in tax revenues that help state to improve its services Economic security is a kind of public good or service that cannot be produced in the private sector in the market. This market failure leads to government intervention in providing economic security. Economic security and related issues can influence business atmosphere and national income and so can affect government tax revenues.  In this paper the empirical relationship between economic security and tax revenues in the selected countries of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) which have similar relative structures, have been investigated. For this purpose, the panel data models have been used to estimate mentioned relationship. According to the results, free trade as the first indicator of economic stability and security has significant and positive effect on tax revenues in MENA countries. Trade freedom, as a second variable has a significant and positive effect on tax revenues too. Financial Freedom as third indicator of economic stability and security as former variables has significant and positive effect on tax revenues. An important to be mentioned is that the property rights and tax revenues have negative relationship in the selected countries. Also, in selected countries economic growth doesn’t have a positive effect on tax revenues. Inflation rate does have positive and meaningful effects on tax revenues in MENA: Variables as exports and imports as control variables as a percentage of GDP have negative and inverse effect on tax revenues a percentages of GDP and capital formation as the third control variable has a positive and meaningful effect on tax revenues in MENA. Manuscript profile
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        65 - Investigating Job Security and Perceiving Organizational Support in Predicting the Productivity of Contract Staff of Khoramabad University of Medical Sciences
        baharak shirzad kebria leila nosrati
        Introduction: The importance of employee productivity in organizations is an undeniable part in the management of the organization. High productivity increases living standards and social welfare through real incomes, national competitiveness and quality of life. Theref More
        Introduction: The importance of employee productivity in organizations is an undeniable part in the management of the organization. High productivity increases living standards and social welfare through real incomes, national competitiveness and quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the factors that can predict this productivity in the organization. Methodology: This research is applied in terms of applied and descriptive survey method and correlation branch. The statistical population of this study consisted of all contracted personnel of Khoramabad University of Medical Sciences. Using Morgan's table, 196 people were selected as sample size and these numbers were selected by stratified random sampling from the statistical population. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The correlation coefficient of occupational safety and productivity of contract staff was r = 0.25, which is significant at the level of 0.001. The correlation coefficient of perceived organizational support and the productivity of contract staff is r = 0.38, which is significant at the level of 0.001. Job security and organizational support perceived the power of predicting the productivity of contract staff (F = 19.95, P <0.001), and job security pre-beta variable (β = 0.16) and organizational support perception of beta (β = 0.33) have the power to predict the productivity of contract staff. Conclusion: Occupational safety is one of the health factors and its maintenance by the organization continues to serve, therefore its satisfaction in job relations leads to job satisfaction and as a result of effective performance along with proper efficiency and efficiency. Perceived organizational support provides a desirable field of business, and with the understanding of the organization's support, there is a strong and consistent relationship between organization and individuals. It was also found that any organization needed to increase its productivity by feeling the security of the job and understanding of organizational support so that it could enjoy high productivity. Manuscript profile
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        66 - Investigating the Challenges of Managers of Private Hospitals in Tehran in Dealing with Organizations’ Security Issues
        Mahdi Goodarzi Pouran Raeissi
        10.30495/jhm.2022.65620.11019
        Introduction: The issue of security is very important from the perspective of ensuring the safety of hospital staff and patients. In this study, we have tried to study security in hospitals from three aspects (physical security, social security and information security) More
        Introduction: The issue of security is very important from the perspective of ensuring the safety of hospital staff and patients. In this study, we have tried to study security in hospitals from three aspects (physical security, social security and information security) and identify the leading challenges. Methods: This study was conducted in two stages: qualitative-case and quantitative and with field-survey method. In the qualitative section, using targeted sampling method and snowball method, 14 experts in this field (managers and security officials of hospitals) were identified among the statistical population and interviewed in a semi-structured interview. Using the findings of the previous stage in the quantitative stage, a closed questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale was designed and random sampling method was used to determine the statistical sample. The statistical population of this stage was 35 people. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software. Results: By designing the questionnaire, it was found that the existence of emergency response equipment and the safety of sensitive paper documents in the field of physical security, physical protection training for security guards and physical violence for nurses in the field of social security, antivirus updates, hospital entry and exit control, Restricting network access and storing cameras had the greatest impact on information security in the hospital. Conclusion: Creating the necessary infrastructure to provide a physical security system and equipping the surveillance network can be effective in maintaining physical, social and information security. Manuscript profile
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        67 - Surveying the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with moderating role of perceived security and perceived trust of electronic transfer in Mellat Bank branches in Sari city
        Rohoallah Alizadeh Seyed Mehdi Hosseini Ozineh Elham khani
        Abstract Present study tries to survey the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in Mellat Bank branches of Sari city. From standpoint of goal, this stu More
        Abstract Present study tries to survey the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in Mellat Bank branches of Sari city. From standpoint of goal, this study is an applied study and from method point of view is a survey – descriptive and cause - reason study. Statistical population is customers of Mellat Bank branches in Sari city which their numbers are infinite. The questionnaires were distributed randomly and relative classified among 395 customers. The data was analyzed using structural equations and Lisrel software. The results indicate that objective dimensions of electronic payment has impact on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in branches of Mellat Bank in Sari city. In this regard, all hypothesis were confirmed and finally some recommendations were provided to branches of Mellat Bank in Sari city. Keywords: Technical securities, transaction processes, security statements, perceived security, perceived trust, the usage of electronic payment system. Manuscript profile
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        68 - Studying the effect of perceived e-service quality and perceived security on brand equity
        Mohsen Khunsiavash elika amirasl Majid Mohamadipour
        The purpose of this study is "Studying the effect of perceived e-service quality and perceived security on brand equity". The method used in this study from the point of purpose is applied research and from the point of matter is survey-descriptive research. The statist More
        The purpose of this study is "Studying the effect of perceived e-service quality and perceived security on brand equity". The method used in this study from the point of purpose is applied research and from the point of matter is survey-descriptive research. The statistics population of this research was the students of Islamic Azad University Science and Research branch and Tehran Central branch. The sample size of the study is calculated according to the number of hidden variables and the hypotheses. Since the number of hidden variables and hypotheses is 15, 700 people is selected as the sample. The questions regard to the objectives of the study have been designed in Likert seven-option package. For data analyzing Spss22 software in two parts, descriptive and inferential statistics and to check normality of the distribution, and the hypotheses AMOS22 software is used. Delivery quality and outcome quality have been used as perceived e-service quality dimensions to investigate the process of using online services and also the outcome with which the customer is left. Based on the results obtained from the research, all of the research hypotheses are confirmed with confidence level of 95%. The results indicate that the perceived quality and perceived security formed through interaction with an online banking service positively affect customer trust and satisfaction, which in turn influence loyalty and brand equity. The results of this study suggests that marketing managers should pay attention to both the process of using the online service and the outcome of the process. Finally, they should provide their customers with the newest technology in order to secure the website. It is suggested that future researches examine different e-service quality measuring models and various statistical population in different industries. Manuscript profile
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        69 - Providing a Model for Identifying the Service Quality Dimensions Within Technology-Based Banking (Case study: Student’s of Islamic Azad University-Arak Branch)
        N. S. Najafizadeh A. Mojoodi P. Ghasemi
        Purpose – With the emerging a new phenomenon of Internet, the banks have gone through the traditional process and have reached the stage of modern banking in their career. Following this transition, the banks became familiar with numerous banking technologies. How More
        Purpose – With the emerging a new phenomenon of Internet, the banks have gone through the traditional process and have reached the stage of modern banking in their career. Following this transition, the banks became familiar with numerous banking technologies. However, the main concern in the use of these technologies was the quality assessment and their impact on customers’ satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to provide a model which is able to assess the quality of any kind of banking technologies (whether the technologies that are already in use or those that will be used in the future). Design/methodology/approach – Firstly, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) method was used to identify the service quality dimensions within technology-based banking. Then, the effect of each variable on customers’ satisfaction and loyalty was investigated using structural equations modeling employing LISREL software. Findings – Following exploratory factor analysis, 8 dimensions of easiness, assurance, security, customization, comprehensive being, convenience, support services and the employee knowledge were identified as the service quality dimensions within technology-based banking. Finally, the effect of each of the eight dimensions on the customers’ satisfaction and loyalty was investigated using structural equations modeling. Practical implications –The model obtained in the present study was used to identify the service quality dimensions regardless the applied banking technology, therefore it is considered as a general model which is applicable to any kind of banking technology. Originality/value – The present study provides a general model to identify the service quality dimensions within technology-based banking. Manuscript profile
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        70 - Surveying the Effect of Objective Dimensions of Electronic Payment on Using Electronic Payment Systems with Moderating Role of Perceived Security and Perceived Trust of Electronic Transfer in Mellat Bank
        R. Alizadeh S. M. HosseiniOzineh E. Khani
        Present study tries to survey the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in Mellat Bank branches of Sari city. From standpoint of goal, this study is an More
        Present study tries to survey the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in Mellat Bank branches of Sari city. From standpoint of goal, this study is an applied study and from method point of view is a survey – descriptive and cause - reason study. Statistical population is customers of Mellat Bank branches in Sari city which their numbers are infinite. The questionnaires were distributed randomly and relative classified among 395 customers. The data was analyzed using structural equations and Lisrel software. The results indicate that objective dimensions of electronic payment has impact on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in branches of Mellat Bank in Sari city. In this regard, all hypothesis were confirmed and finally some recommendations were provided to branches of Mellat Bank in Sari city.  Manuscript profile
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        71 - A reflection on some concepts that disrupt security and public comfort from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence
        Mohamadebrahim Mojahed Ahmad Abedini Najaf Abadi Javad Panjepour
        10.30495/jijl.2022.69042.1569
        The concept of concept is very important in all branches of science. Conceptual discussion in criminal law, especially in the field of security and public comfort, is of double importance. Since this field is closely related to the materials of Khamsa, and then there ar More
        The concept of concept is very important in all branches of science. Conceptual discussion in criminal law, especially in the field of security and public comfort, is of double importance. Since this field is closely related to the materials of Khamsa, and then there are conceptual inadequacies and ambiguities in some of these concepts; Based on this, the explanation of this category of concepts is an inevitable necessity, both theoretically and practically. Brief recognition and explanation of concepts such as terror and terrorism, and bioterrorism, war and corruption in the land and rebellion, political crime, assassination, coup d'état, and their difference and separation from each other are among the concepts that familiarization and explanation of them, both in terms of It is important both theoretically and in the practical aspect of law making, as well as in the position of judging and applying examples. This research analyzed some of the most important concepts in an analytical-descriptive way. First, these basic concepts were explained and described. Then attention was paid to the brief analysis of the attributes and dimensions, angles, territory and them. As a result of this research, the discussed concepts were disambiguated, and with the knowledge obtained of the elements and nature of each, their differences and distinctions were recognized and explained. Manuscript profile
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        72 - Job Security in Jurisprudence, the Role of Written or Oral Contracts
        Mohammad Sadegh Elmi Taybeh Balvardi
        Human is social and has social bonds to fulfill his needs and achieve goals, he is obliged to follow commitments and human and social contracts. Of these contracts,are job contracts between employer and employees. Having a secure and safe job and undergoing contractual More
        Human is social and has social bonds to fulfill his needs and achieve goals, he is obliged to follow commitments and human and social contracts. Of these contracts,are job contracts between employer and employees. Having a secure and safe job and undergoing contractual interactions andattempts to strengthen these interactions and safety of contracts, is the main requirement to fulfill human needs. In the analysis of job security, contract is of great importance. Regarding writing a contract and terms of form, jurists have various opinions; some consider it oral and some written. This article aims at analyzing the form of contracts among jurists and their disagreements in regard to oral or written forms of contracts. It has been tried to explain their reasons. It is also mentioned that the agreement should be completely clear, rationale, and without any obscurity, written contracts would be safe and secure for the employer and employee. Manuscript profile
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        73 - Comparative Study of Role of Jurisprudence in Realization of Judicial and Economic Security in Iranian Law and Egyptian Law
        Gholam Ali Seifi Zinab Rima Amiraghdam
        Judicial and economic security appliances are preparations of an efficient legal system. The main principle of legal security arises as it eliminates the stability of the legal system and has a long history. Islamic law as our strong root of law gives many examples of t More
        Judicial and economic security appliances are preparations of an efficient legal system. The main principle of legal security arises as it eliminates the stability of the legal system and has a long history. Islamic law as our strong root of law gives many examples of this principle. The main stage in the judicial system is an activity that we call it judgment. Jurisprudence due to important factors such as independence of judges, respect for acquired rights, common understanding of the law, without discrimination performance has a very important role in the realization of judicial security. The realization of economic security when interpretation of the law is not comply with social and economic realities due to the long process of change and reform of law, jurisprudence can provide an interpretation consistent with the realities of that time and meet the purpose of legal rules to achieve “efficiency”, So important role in achieving it. In this paper, legal security and economic concepts and the role of jurisprudence in their realization with comparative study in the  Iranian law and Egyptian law to be examined. Manuscript profile
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        74 - The Maintenance of the Cultural Security through the Passive Defence Approach in Islamic Republic of Iran
        Rashed Jafarpour Kolori سوسن علایی عباسعلی gh
        10.30495/jcm.2023.22316
        The introduction and the purpose of the research: Regarding the fact that Islamic Republic has been the innovator and creator of a new cultural identity for Iranians, this identity has always been exposed to different threats and invasions by the domineering systems. In More
        The introduction and the purpose of the research: Regarding the fact that Islamic Republic has been the innovator and creator of a new cultural identity for Iranians, this identity has always been exposed to different threats and invasions by the domineering systems. In order to maintain the cultural security of Islamic Republic of Iran in this era, along with different institutions, the role of the passive defence can be important and effective.The purpose of this research is the presentation of the pattern of cultural security through passive defence in a way that it can provide the necessary conditions for the protection of the cultural security from the enemies' invasions.The research method: In this research, the qualitative research method is data-based and the data has been collected through interviews with the cultural experts. The interviews were codified and after making 680 concept-codes, the concepts were categorized and the important and effective components of cultural security were presented.Findings: In this research, through the identification of six dimensions of the systematic paradigm of the cultural security including the causative factors, the background conditions, the interfering factors, the category-based method and approaches and conclusions, the practical pattern of the maintenance of cultural security through the passive defence approach is achieved.Conclusion: In order to maintain the cultural security, the provision of the proper passive backgrounds and the strengthening of the cultural bases with the approach of passive defence can be really effective. Manuscript profile
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        75 - a
        majid hoseyni nesar soghra shabafrozan
        Manuscript profile
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        76 - Comparing the Social Happiness Rate of Female Students in the Payame Noor University and that of Female Students in the Islamic Azad University in Saveh City by Some Social Variables
        Fatemeh Radan
        The subject of happiness is one of the challenges faced by the Human of today's world. The present research has been developed with the aim of comparing the rate of social happiness of female students in the Payame Noor University (PNU) and that of female students in th More
        The subject of happiness is one of the challenges faced by the Human of today's world. The present research has been developed with the aim of comparing the rate of social happiness of female students in the Payame Noor University (PNU) and that of female students in the Islamic Azad University (IAU) in Saveh City by some social variables. The population of the present research includes all female students of the PNU with 2544 and the IAU with 2700 in the year 94-95; out of which, using the Cochran Formula, 373 students, based on available sampling method, were chosen as sample population. To collect data, short standard questionnaire for Oxford social happiness evaluation and the researcher questionnaire made of social variables with structure credit have been used and applying Cronbakh's Alpha Technic the questionnaire permanence has been calculated as 0/87. The findings of the present research show a meaningful and negative relation between the feeling of social deprivation and social happiness; a meaningful and positive relation between the feeling of social acceptability and social happiness; a meaningful and positive relation between the feeling of social security and social happiness; and a meaningful and negative relation between the feeling of social alienation and social happiness. There is a meaningful difference between the feeling of social happiness of female students in the P.N.U and that of female students in the I.A.U of Saveh in a manner that the female students of the I.A.U enjoy higher social happiness than those of the P.N.U.   Manuscript profile
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        77 - Managerial model of "cultural security - social" According to the identity elements in Iran
        Seied Reza Salehi Amiri Mohsen Ghadami Fateme Baratlo
        Security in here is society's ability to continue to evolve as part of his nature.Identify the Iranian elements of "social-cultural security" is presented in this surveyand also explained the procedure. Variables including national identity, ethnicidentity, religious id More
        Security in here is society's ability to continue to evolve as part of his nature.Identify the Iranian elements of "social-cultural security" is presented in this surveyand also explained the procedure. Variables including national identity, ethnicidentity, religious identity, modern identity. Validity and reliability of this instrumenthave already been confirmed.The theoretical frameworks are Parsons AGIL model, systems theory; Culturalmanagement to identify needs, Copenhagen school, or "Security Studies,Copenhagen, " and School of symbolic interaction.Ends statistical methods including factor analysis to confirm the structures, Methodsof descriptive statistics and correlation analysis of variance with post hoc tests, the Ttestcompared with the Friedman test is a constant.Finally, Variable elements of both ethnic identity and national identity as a strongsecurity culture - social and can be considered as a strategic variable in the modelmanagement of cultural- societal security is emphasized. Monitoring andmanagement pattern of adopting a strategic approach to the issue of identity andthe variables, the general attitude of plurality in unity is obtained. The policy ofdecentralization in the management of cultural security - in the community isemphasized Manuscript profile
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        78 - REVIEWING THE METHODS OF DEVELOPING THE INVOLVMENT OF PEOPLE IN TOURISM INDUSTRY (Studied case: Khouzestan province)
        Hossein Mozaffar Mina Isfahani Ali Padash
        In this article, in order to identify the methods of developing the involvementof people in improving the tourism industry in Khouzestan province, theimportance of tourism industry and its role in the national income of thecountry are first pointed out. Afterwards, the More
        In this article, in order to identify the methods of developing the involvementof people in improving the tourism industry in Khouzestan province, theimportance of tourism industry and its role in the national income of thecountry are first pointed out. Afterwards, the condition of Iran is describedwith its background of ancient civilization and variety of attractions andoutstanding regional position. This article which deals with studying themethods of developing the involvement of people in improving the tourismindustry, reviews some variables including people’s confidence on securityand judicial organizations, people’s confidence in Islamic Republic of Iranand the informing work of media which affect individual’s involvement indeveloping tourism industry. This is done according to the data from theinvestigation. Manuscript profile
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        79 - The study of the effect of social development on social health (Tehran metropolis)
        علی فلاحی majid kaffashi
        10.30495/jisds.2007.21246
        Social development is a concept that has recently been taken seriously by policymakers, especially urban managers. This research was conducted to identify the relationship between social development and social health. The statistical population of the study is all citiz More
        Social development is a concept that has recently been taken seriously by policymakers, especially urban managers. This research was conducted to identify the relationship between social development and social health. The statistical population of the study is all citizens living in Tehran. The research sampling method is multistage cluster type. The purpose of this research is application of the purpose which was performed by scrolling method. The sample size of the research is 400 people. This figure was determined based on the Morgan table. According to the findings of the research in the documentary review section, the level of social development was calculated based on indicators such as quality of life, social consensus, social development ethics and social security. Social health was measured based on social flourishing indicators, social participation, social cohesion, social adaptation and social acceptance. The research data were questionnaire based on 120 questionnaires. Research findings show that social development level and indicators have strong correlation with social health. Regarding to the fact that the analysis of the research findings was of structural equation modeling, statistical processing was performed by Lisrel software. Manuscript profile
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        80 - Estoppel Rule and Security in Transactions and Legal Relations
        Mohammad Feiz Seyed Pedram Khandani
        10.30495/jisds.2007.21291
        Although, the Estoppel rule is rooted in Western law and more precisely in the common law, but in Iran’s law, even though it is not mentioned, its functions in various legal articles and the view of legislators in order to maintain security in transactions is unde More
        Although, the Estoppel rule is rooted in Western law and more precisely in the common law, but in Iran’s law, even though it is not mentioned, its functions in various legal articles and the view of legislators in order to maintain security in transactions is undeniable. Estoppel rule of thumb gives it features such as being binding, general, and social And in defining it, the doctrine of law has each expressed the features of this rule, and providing a comprehensive definition of Estoppel is not an easy task. Also this rule in many cases, it plays the role of several jurisprudential and legal rules, including the principle of harm, the prohibition of Denial made after confession, the returning the offer prohibition to the necessity. Finally, due to the need to strengthen legal relations and create order in society, any tool in this direction can be used which Estoppel is one of those tools in formalizing it in the form of legislation. Manuscript profile
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        81 - Investigating the Social Factors Affecting the Social Happiness of Teachers (Case Study of Teachers in the 20th and 21st District of Tehran)
        Alireza samiee esfahani samer poordanesh
        Happiness and vitality are one of the most important human needs and they can play a significant role in coping with problems and confronting pressures and promoting productivity. Considering the role and importance of teachers in the education and community of students More
        Happiness and vitality are one of the most important human needs and they can play a significant role in coping with problems and confronting pressures and promoting productivity. Considering the role and importance of teachers in the education and community of students, the aim of this article is to investigate the social happiness of Teachers in Tehran and identify the social factors affecting it. The statistical population included teachers from the 20th and 21st regions of Tehran, using a Cochran formula, a sample of 370 of them were selected for study. The research method was a survey and a tool for collecting required data Instrument research has a formal validity. The results of regression analysis and the relationship between variables show that in fact, the underlying factors as well as effective social factors such as alienation, income, religion, dimensions of social capital, life satisfaction, occupation, economic and social status have a significant relationship with the social vitality of the subjects studied. Manuscript profile
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        82 - Political values in the government of Ali (AS)
        Ali Asghar Pourezzat Majid Mokhtarianpour fatemeh taban
        Summary Every government or political system is a crystallization of a strategy for producing and presenting values that are referred to as "political values." The present study uses the "intentional hermeneutics" method to study the rule of Imam Ali (AS) from the persp More
        Summary Every government or political system is a crystallization of a strategy for producing and presenting values that are referred to as "political values." The present study uses the "intentional hermeneutics" method to study the rule of Imam Ali (AS) from the perspective of how he adhered to political values. The question is, what did the Imam (as) face with components such as justice, freedom, security and welfare as political values? The findings of the study indicate that in the rule of that Imam, justice as a network that has various components such as truth, fairness, honesty and public interest. The freedom of the people, especially the opposition, is so important to the Imam (as) that he says: I cannot force you to do what you do not like (Sermon 208, 222). According to him, security is a universal right that makes sense in the light of power, and the government is merely the custodian and instrument of security, and it must eliminate the grounds for fear and need. In the discussion of social welfare, he encouraged the people to work and try and allocate an equal share of the treasury for the members of the society, even his opponents, while raising the living standards of the people, paving the way for the growth of their public self-esteem and increasing the level of people's freedoms. They were crying. Keywords: Political Values, Justice, Freedom, Security, Welfare. Manuscript profile
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        83 - Developing the social security rights in the context of the right to development
        ahmad ketabi roodi mohammad reza vijeh
        10.30495/jisds.2007.21237
        Today, the development and its various dimensions are one of the most important issues in domestic and international arena. This issue has particular importance because it relates to another issue, including human rights. Consider the development as human rights and app More
        Today, the development and its various dimensions are one of the most important issues in domestic and international arena. This issue has particular importance because it relates to another issue, including human rights. Consider the development as human rights and appearance of the "right to development" as an example of the third generation of human rights and on the other hand, progressive of the developing and the Third World countries in claiming this right emphasized the human dimension of development and created the concept of human development which all human are entitle to participate, collaborate and enjoy from various aspects of human security with it such as economic, social, cultural and political security and through this, all their fundamental rights and freedoms will be achieved. The right to social security is not only one example of the second generation of human rights, but also protects people against sudden and perilous disturbances such as aging, sickness, disability and death. Therefore, this right Affected by the concept of right to development and human development. In this research, while considering to the right to development, the human development, the human security and the social security rights, has been studied and analyzed available capacity on the right to development for developing the social security right. Manuscript profile
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        84 - Measuring the factors of physical-spatial failure affecting the occurrence of crimes with emphasis on sustainable development (Case study of Baharestan city)
        Hojatollah Pashapour Mostafa Tavakoli Naghmaeh fereshteh jasemnejad
        10.30495/jisds.2022.68668.11771
        Background: The unregulated development of urban communities in recent decades is considered by many experts as one of the factors underlying the occurrence of crimes and insecurity in urban areas.Method: In this research, which was carried out with a descriptive-analyt More
        Background: The unregulated development of urban communities in recent decades is considered by many experts as one of the factors underlying the occurrence of crimes and insecurity in urban areas.Method: In this research, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt was made to investigate the situation of theft and brawl crimes in Baharestan city. And factor analysis has been used to measure physical and spatial factors of security failureFindings: In this context, by distributing a questionnaire whose validity in spss software was 0.72, we asked the opinion of the citizens of Baharestan city regarding the situation, and the results indicated the unfavorable security situation of this city with a single sample T index of -17.4. . Factor analysis also shows that things like deserted space with index 0.83, interference of uses with index 0.80, space attracting men with index 0.76, spaces that can be avoided with index 0.54, winding passages with index 0.43, hidden and covered spaces Mass vegetation, which is in the next ranks, has been one of the factors affecting physical and spatial insufficiency, which is effective in the creation and development of insecurity, especially in the areas of theft and conflict, which has challenged the realization of sustainable development in security and social dimensions. Manuscript profile
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        85 - Sociological Study of Decision Making Process in Political Behaviors with the Emphasis on the Role of Gender: A Case Study of Tabriz, Iran
        TAYEBEH ALIASGHARPOR mehrdad navabakhsh alireza Mohseni Tarizi
        10.30495/jisds.2007.21251
        The main aim of the present study is to investigate effective social factors on decision making process in political behavior of women and men living in city of Tabriz, Iran. It was tried to study the effects of social factors including social trust, social security, so More
        The main aim of the present study is to investigate effective social factors on decision making process in political behavior of women and men living in city of Tabriz, Iran. It was tried to study the effects of social factors including social trust, social security, social powerlessness, social anomie, and social belonging on the process of decision making in political behaviors. The theoretical framework compromises approaches on social participation and behavior and the ideas of man of thoughts in this field in an integrated form. The survey research method was utilized in this study while the search tool was a researcher made questionnaire. Research statistical population was all men and women aged 15-64 years who lived in Tabriz city. We selected 384 people using Cochrane formula out of 1173916 individuals to be the sample size and through multi-stage and clustering sampling. As findings suggest decision making variable is affected by several factors in Tabriz which in the present study the most highlighted ones are social trust, social security, social powerlessness, social anomie, social belonging, gender, age, job, and education. All these factors as independent variables are totally correlated with dependent variable of decision making in political behavior among Tabriz citizens. The results showed that powerlessness, social belonging, job and education had the highest effect on the process of decision making in political behaviors of Tabriz residents Manuscript profile
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        86 - Evaluation and Analysis of Space-Community Structures and Social Security in Islamshahr Neighborhoods
        Ali Akbar Tavakoli nejad Rahim Sarvar
        10.30495/jisds.2023.59235.11476
         Abstract: The current research was conducted with the topic of economic policy uncertainty and companyvalue: the mediating role of intellectual capital and research and development. The research is considered to beapplied in terms of purpose and in terms of descri More
         Abstract: The current research was conducted with the topic of economic policy uncertainty and companyvalue: the mediating role of intellectual capital and research and development. The research is considered to beapplied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population of thisresearch is all the companies of Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2014 to 2016. The sample used wasalso selected through the method of systematic exclusion from the statistical population, in this order, 114companies have been selected as the research sample, to examine and test the hypotheses. Research dataanalysis was done using EVIEWS10 software and regression test. The results showed that there is a positive andsignificant relationship between economic policy uncertainty and social responsibility; Intellectual capital has apositive and significant effect on the relationship between social responsibility and company value; Intellectualcapital has a positive and significant effect on the relationship between corporate governance and companyvalue; Research and development has a positive and significant effect on the relationship between socialresponsibility and company value, and research and development has a positive and significant effect on therelationship between corporate governance and company value.  Manuscript profile
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        87 - Assessing the Effect of Value and Identity Changes on National Security
        Mehrdad Navabakhsh Hamid Sadjadi
        Manuscript profile
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        88 - Developing the Social Security Rights in the Context of the Right to Development
        Mohammadreza Vijeh Ahmad Ketabi Roudi
        Today, the development and its various dimensions are one of the most important issues in domestic and international arena. This issue has particular importance because it relates to another issue, including human rights. Consider the development as human rights and app More
        Today, the development and its various dimensions are one of the most important issues in domestic and international arena. This issue has particular importance because it relates to another issue, including human rights. Consider the development as human rights and appearance of the "right to development" as an example of the third generation of human rights and on the other hand, progressive of the developing and the Third World countries in claiming this right emphasized the human dimension of development and created the concept of human development which all human are entitle to participate, collaborate and enjoy from various aspects of human security with it such as economic, social, cultural and political security and through this, all their fundamental rights and freedoms will be achieved. The right to social security is not only one example of the second generation of human rights, but also protects people against sudden and perilous disturbances such as aging, sickness, disability and death. Therefore, this right Affected by the concept of right to development and human development. In this research, while considering to the right to development, the human development, the human security and the social security rights, has been studied and analyzed available capacity on the right to development for developing the social security right. Manuscript profile
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        89 - The Effect of Social Development on Social Health in Tehran Metropolis
        Ali Fallahi Majid Kaffashi
        Social development is a concept that has recently been taken seriously by policymakers, especially urban managers. This research was conducted to identify the relationship between social development and social health. The statistical population of the study is all citiz More
        Social development is a concept that has recently been taken seriously by policymakers, especially urban managers. This research was conducted to identify the relationship between social development and social health. The statistical population of the study is all citizens living in Tehran. The research sampling method is multistage cluster type. The purpose of this research is application of the purpose which was performed by scrolling method. The sample size of the research is 400 people. This figure was determined based on the Morgan table. According to the findings of the research in the documentary review section, the level of social development was calculated based on indicators such as quality of life, social consensus, social development ethics and social security. Social health was measured based on social flourishing indicators, social participation, social cohesion, social adaptation and social acceptance. The research data were questionnaire based on 120 questionnaires. Research findings show that social development level and indicators have strong correlation with social health. Regarding to the fact that the analysis of the research findings was of structural equation modeling, statistical processing was performed by Lisrel software. Manuscript profile
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        90 - Ethnical identities and national identity puzzle
        Gholamabbas Tavassoli Mahdi Asl Zaim
        Manuscript profile
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        91 - Sociological Study of the Decision Making Process in Political Behaviors with an Emphasis on the Role of Gender (Case of Study: Tabriz City)
        Tayebeh Aliasgarpour Mehrdad Navabakhsh Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi
        The main aim of the present study is to investigate effective social factors on decision making process in political behavior of women and men living in city of Tabriz, Iran. It was tried to study the effects of social factors including social trust, social security, so More
        The main aim of the present study is to investigate effective social factors on decision making process in political behavior of women and men living in city of Tabriz, Iran. It was tried to study the effects of social factors including social trust, social security, social powerlessness, social anomie, and social belonging on the process of decision making in political behaviors. The theoretical framework compromises approaches on social participation and behavior and the ideas of man of thoughts in this field in an integrated form. The survey research method was utilized in this study while the search tool was a researcher made questionnaire. Research statistical population was all men and women aged 15-64 years who lived in Tabriz city. We selected 384 people using Cochrane formula out of 1173916 individuals to be the sample size and through multi-stage and clustering sampling. As findings suggest decision making variable is affected by several factors in Tabriz which in the present study the most highlighted ones are social trust, social security, social powerlessness, social anomie, social belonging, gender, age, job, and education. All these factors as independent variables are totally correlated with dependent variable of decision making in political behavior among Tabriz citizens. The results showed that powerlessness, social belonging, job and education had the highest effect on the process of decision making in political behaviors of Tabriz residents. Manuscript profile
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        92 - The Impact of Social Capital on Social Security (Case of Study: All Individuals Aged 18-45 in Jahrom City)
        Fakhrosadat Piltan Mokhtar Broomand
        Manuscript profile
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        93 - Estoppel Rule and Security in Transactions and Legal Relations
        Mohammad Feiz Seyed Pedram Khandani
        Although, the Estoppel rule is rooted in Western law and more precisely in the common law, but in Iran’s law, even though it is not mentioned, its functions in various legal articles and the view of legislators in order to maintain security in transactions is unde More
        Although, the Estoppel rule is rooted in Western law and more precisely in the common law, but in Iran’s law, even though it is not mentioned, its functions in various legal articles and the view of legislators in order to maintain security in transactions is undeniable. Estoppel rule of thumb gives it features such as being binding, general, and social and in defining it, the doctrine of law has each expressed the features of this rule, and providing a comprehensive definition of Estoppel is not an easy task. Also this rule in many cases, it plays the role of several jurisprudential and legal rules, including the principle of harm, the prohibition of Denial made after confession, the returning the offer prohibition to the necessity. Finally, due to the need to strengthen legal relations and create order in society, any tool in this direction can be used which Estoppel is one of those tools in formalizing it in the form of legislation. Manuscript profile
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        94 - Evaluate the impact of design quality in urban space security (Case Study: Imam Khomeini St. Urmia)
        علیرضا سلیمانی ahmad aftab افسانه پاکروان
        Security approach through the design, one of the most effective and efficient approaches for improving urban security, Can play an important role in securing urban spaces. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide an analytical model for assessing urban safety and More
        Security approach through the design, one of the most effective and efficient approaches for improving urban security, Can play an important role in securing urban spaces. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide an analytical model for assessing urban safety and security introduce by design approach. In this regard, Emam Khomeini in Uremia due to features such as high population density, compression and exhaustion over the texture and physical disruption with problems such as the low status of urban security and the feeling of insecurity among residents, For instance investigated. Applied research and the research method is descriptive-analytic. And the information required by the questionnaire and by taking on employees, shopkeepers and pedestrians in the area is obtained. To evaluate and process information, swot technique and Friedman test in spss software is used. The results show that only through the standard design of physical security appropriate is not possible For this purpose the space design in order to the Increase the visibility and public supervision and increasing street lighting, continuous and active presence of the police, Building a healthy environment through the collection of thugs, desirable Flooring and … in the form offensive strategy is proposed. Manuscript profile
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        95 - Stability of security in border areas villages of Sistan and Baluchestan Province
        حسین مختاری هشی Narges Vazin Mostafa Ghaderi Hajat
        Security is a concept that includes all aspects and dimensions of human life. Establishment of security in geographical spaces requires special measures and plans and is relates with many issues such as economical security, political and military security, social securi More
        Security is a concept that includes all aspects and dimensions of human life. Establishment of security in geographical spaces requires special measures and plans and is relates with many issues such as economical security, political and military security, social security, health security and environmental security. Sistan and Baluchestan province, due to the special geographical position, is very vulnerable in terms of security and in recent years has seen an increase in violence and armed conflict by militant groups. Although the roots of unrests are consider as political issues, but cannot ignore the effect of economic deprivation and low development indicators. In general we can say that there is a greater incidence of insecurity in underdeveloped contexts. Considering that more than 50 percent of the population of this Sistan and Balochistan province still lives in rural areas and rural population growth in the region is high, therefore, to achieve sustainable security we should consider security issues in rural areas. The results indicate that rural areas of this province have faced several challenges in different aspects of security, economic, social and environmental vulnerability. For sustainable security in rural areas, it is necessary that rural development strategy should be considered. Manuscript profile
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        96 - Evaluate and analyze the social dimensions of marginalization in metropolises (Case Study: Shiraz marginal neighborhoods)
        میثم رضایی رسول بلاغی علی شمس الدینی فاطمه شاعر سعید ماندنی
        One of the problems that most cities of the world today involve the emergence and formation of the slum. Marginalization of the factors threatening the quality of life and social balance in towns considered disruptive. This phenomenon is one of the most important factor More
        One of the problems that most cities of the world today involve the emergence and formation of the slum. Marginalization of the factors threatening the quality of life and social balance in towns considered disruptive. This phenomenon is one of the most important factors threatening the people in public spaces, fear or insecurity in places and urban spaces and vitality and health in daily life disrupted. By creating an obstacle to cultural development and public participation, high costs it imposes on society. Due to the extent of urbanization and the spread of suburbia in the cities studied this issue, its influencing factors and strategies for strengthening the feeling of social development and social security in the cities has become a necessity. Methods In this descriptive study, analysis and information gathered through extensive literature survey and questionnaire and SPSS software using Arc GIS data has been analyzed. The results indicate that the social balance, social security and the spread of suburbia inverse relationship exists and is increasing the number of marginalized social status will be more unbalanced. According to the results of research appropriate ways to improve the quality of life in marginalized areas Shiraz is presented. Manuscript profile
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        97 - Analysis of the Effects of Economic Development Components on the Sustainable Security of the Border Region (Case study: Boralan border to Sardasht)
        haval kharaziyan mohamad akhbari abdolreza farajirad
        Economic development is one of the major approaches of countries to the border regions. These countries need to compensate for backwardness, escape from political, economic and cultural poverty, and to achieve a balanced and comprehensive development that can improve th More
        Economic development is one of the major approaches of countries to the border regions. These countries need to compensate for backwardness, escape from political, economic and cultural poverty, and to achieve a balanced and comprehensive development that can improve the lives of inhabitants of the border regions. Proper understanding and optimal planning at the national and regional levels. Economic and security development in the border regions has a reciprocal effect, so that any action in the development research process There is a direct impact on security. Thus, regions with high development indicators have higher security coefficients than non-developed regions. Hence, the authors use a descriptive analytical method and use library studies and field studies to analyze the components Economic development on the sustainable security of the Boralan border region to Sardasht seeks to answer this question: What are the effective components of economic development on the sustainable security of the Boralan border region to Sardasht? Manuscript profile
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        98 - Study And Analysis the Effects Of Cyberspace On Geographical Space And Find Outthe Relationship Between The Lack Of Feeling Of Security And Distrust With Using The Internet
        seyyed amir hosseini محمد حسن نامی آرام کریمی
        The goal of this paper is to study the effects of Cyberspace on geographical space and to recognize Relationship use of internet with two hazards: lack of Feeling of security and distrust among a crowd of 300 people aged 15 to 25 years. To achieve these goals, at first, More
        The goal of this paper is to study the effects of Cyberspace on geographical space and to recognize Relationship use of internet with two hazards: lack of Feeling of security and distrust among a crowd of 300 people aged 15 to 25 years. To achieve these goals, at first, the effect of cyberspace on geographical space was studied using library methodsand then a structured questionnaire was usedto identify the existence or absence of relationship between the use of the Internet and the lack of feeling of security and distrust among users.After collecting data using Chi-square test and Pearson correlation test in SPSS software,efforts have been made to evaluate the relationship between the use of the Internet and the lack of feeling of security and distrust. The findings of this study suggest thatnowadaysCyberspace is influential on human behavior and relationships. For the lack of feeling of security and distrust it became clear that In general, the lack of feeling of security and distrust towards this space and other users would increase with higher rate by increment of internet use among users. Manuscript profile
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        99 - Ranking the urban areas of Tehran in terms of poverty indicators to promote the paradigm of social security in Tehran metropolis
        javad vakili Azadeh Arbabi Sabzevari toba amir azodi
        10.30495/sarzamin.2023.71084.2078
        Tehran is a city of inequalities. Both poverty and wealth have grown dramatically in it. Poverty in Tehran is not completely rooted in the weak economic policies of the government, but part of it is caused by wrong urban policies. Weak population policies, especially in More
        Tehran is a city of inequalities. Both poverty and wealth have grown dramatically in it. Poverty in Tehran is not completely rooted in the weak economic policies of the government, but part of it is caused by wrong urban policies. Weak population policies, especially in the matter of immigration and unrestrained marginalization, the ever-increasing expansion of informal settlements, and the lack of control and optimal management of socially disadvantaged groups at the city level, have been the most important weaknesses in the planning of urban institutions in this field, which has caused the unbridled spread of poverty in the city. . The current research is to investigate the influencing factors of urban poverty in order to improve social security. The research method is descriptive and analytical, with the ranking of urban poverty criteria and their zoning at the level of Tehran metropolis. Also, it is one of the objectives of this research to investigate the optimal strategy for reproducing social security at the level of the studied areas of Tehran, with an emphasis on urban poverty indicators. Finally, by analyzing and ranking the criteria with the ANP model and the obtained weights, and then the area The classification of factors in the examined criteria leads to the conclusion that areas 1, 3 and 2 have favorable indicators and areas 16, 17, 18 and 19 have unfavorable indicators. Finally, the promotion of social security in the identified areas should increase. Manuscript profile
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        100 - Geopolitical Impact of Energy Transmission on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        basir asghari
        AbstractBasically, energy is one of the most influential elements in the economic and political decisions of the actors of the international system, so that they can use this element to overcome the behavior of other actors. which was first used by library resources suc More
        AbstractBasically, energy is one of the most influential elements in the economic and political decisions of the actors of the international system, so that they can use this element to overcome the behavior of other actors. which was first used by library resources such as the book Articles, articles, documents, press and statistics are used to describe the theoretical framework of the research and then to collect field data, a questionnaire has been used. Evaluation, research hypothesis testing and data analysis were done using SPSS software and regression test.The findings of the field studies indicate that the components of the prevention of crude energy and the adoption of the policy of development of refining and petrochemical industries, having the role of the most economical and secure energy transmission passage, providing and ensuring energy security and transmission, control Energy transit in the Strait of Hormuz, investment in the exploitation and transfer of energy, promotion of Iran's geopolitical weight due to access to energy resources and being located at the center of the strategic global energy center contributes more than other geopolitical components of energy transfer to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile
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        101 - The Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic Republic of Iran.
        Masood Mosadegh Reza Roshani
        The Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic Republic of Iran.The Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic R More
        The Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic Republic of Iran.The Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic Republic of Iran.The Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic Republic of Iran.The Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic Republic of Iran.The Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic Republic of Iran.The Requirements for Managing Political Boundaries between Iran and Turkey and Its effect on the national security of Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile
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        102 - The social human consequences of dust in national security
        Abbasali Khodami Rebaz Ghorbaninejad Mahmoud Ahmadi
        10.30495/sarzamin.2023.66172.2029
        In the present age, when emerging countries can make developed countries and former colonies economically dependent on themselves, ensuring economic independence and the possibility of self-reliance of countries is one of the conditions for advancing the foundations of More
        In the present age, when emerging countries can make developed countries and former colonies economically dependent on themselves, ensuring economic independence and the possibility of self-reliance of countries is one of the conditions for advancing the foundations of national security. Environmental crises or natural disasters are sudden events that have increased environmental problems, climate change, and increased human problems such as health, security, and migration. The purpose of this study is to investigate the social human consequences of dust in Iran's national security. Research Method In this research, with a descriptive-analytical and applied method, the quantitative effects of foreign waters of western Iran on the generation of dust and its role in national security have been investigated. The statistical population of the study consists of experts in the fields of geopolitics and environment, the sample size of which was estimated based on the Cochran model of 30 people. The results showed that migration from border cities - increasing unemployment, increasing problems in agriculture, industry and services in cities, the occurrence of heterogeneous social phenomena in cities and increasing border disputes are among the most important consequences of dust on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran Manuscript profile
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        103 - Evaluation of Iraq's insecurity factors and its effects on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        mohamad eisa ansarifard simin armaqan alireza estelaji
        10.30495/sarzamin.2023.22961
        will give necessary and at the same time will clarify the possibilities and limitations for them. Since there is a relationship between geographical factors and government policies, governments make policies according to the geographical situation of their country. For More
        will give necessary and at the same time will clarify the possibilities and limitations for them. Since there is a relationship between geographical factors and government policies, governments make policies according to the geographical situation of their country. For this reason, geopolitical studies are particularly important. In addition to examining the relationship between geographical factors and the politics of a country, geopolitics also deals with the interpretation of eventsand predicts the future and determines the political policy of the country. Today, one of the most important issues that make countries face fundamental challenges is geopolitics versus security. The security of people in a geographical space is dependent on the security of governments, and the more powerful and stable the governments are, the more secure they can be. One of the issues that has a fundamental position in relation to the discussion of international security is the discussion of failed governments, which pose a danger not only to its subjects, but also to international security and can challenge international security and This basis in the current decade is among the countries that are among the failed governments; The country is Iraq. Manuscript profile
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        104 - investingating the impect of Americas middle east policy in trump era on the process and structure of alliance and coalitions in the middle East
        shahriar bayan
        The historical review of the events and trends of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East from the past to the present shows that the duration of friendships and enmities in this region has never been so short; Therefore, the Middle East has entered a "new era More
        The historical review of the events and trends of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East from the past to the present shows that the duration of friendships and enmities in this region has never been so short; Therefore, the Middle East has entered a "new era of uncertainty"; An era in which minimum cooperation and alliance and closeness of interests of countries are observed. In this regard, regional powers have contributed more than other regional actors in the formation of this rule and influenced the US policy process. In this regard, its main goal is to theoretically analyze the nature of the changing process of this alliance and regional coalitions (especially during Trump's presidency); And by raising the main question, what is the impact of America's Middle East policy in the Trump era on the process and structure of alliances and coalitions in the East? Trump's Middle East policy is influenced by the grand strategies of American foreign policy, which was based on the motto "America first", the process and structure of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East based on strengthening the alliance between Arabs and Israel, and intensifying political conflicts and competitions between Arabs and Iran. , preventing the implementation and expansion of Ottomanism in the Middle East and the formation of a regional coalition around the soft power of the United States changed; In this regard, the research in its study process collects the necessary data, examines and analyzes the relationships of the said data, so that its theoretical, strategic and operational nature is more tangible by presenting suggestions. Manuscript profile
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        105 - Security pathology of metropolises with an emphasis on the management of informal settlements in Tehran metropolis
        Mehdi Parvin Alireza Estelaji
        Background and purpose: In recent decades, with the increase in population and the change of different generations and cultures in metropolises and the change of lifestyle, security has become a very important challenge. Security is related to satisfaction, comfort of c More
        Background and purpose: In recent decades, with the increase in population and the change of different generations and cultures in metropolises and the change of lifestyle, security has become a very important challenge. Security is related to satisfaction, comfort of citizens and desirability of life in the form of sustainable human development and an indicator for quality of life. The feeling of insecurity threatens the presence of people in the urban space, disrupts vitality and health, and reduces public participation. Based on this, the current research has been carried out with the aim of analyzing the security of metropolises with an emphasis on the management of informal settlements in Tehran and determining the factors affecting the insecurity of the capital. Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive and survey in nature and analytical in nature. Using the simple random sampling method and based on Cochran's formula, the sample size is estimated to be 383 people, and to identify the security components and variables, a questionnaire tool was used in the form of 5 structural, managerial, content, legal and socio-economic components. has been studied. Findings: The findings indicate that, in the first factor, the integrated attitude in security management and the lack of coalition between security experts, in the second factor, the traditionality of security planning and the multiplicity of political attitudes and views in the informal settlements of the capital, the third factor , the prevalence of the law-abiding culture, cultural differences and population density, the fourth factor, lack of security and safety in night travel, the fifth factor, the weakness of approved rules, plans and programs, and the sixth factor, the low transparency of laws that have the greatest impact on harm Acceptance of informal settlements are the capital. Results: Weakness of regulations, approved plans and programs and lack of budget and security equipment are among the variables that affect the security of informal settlements in the capital, and in this context it should be said that managerial, legal and structural vulnerability causes insecurity, lawlessness, cultural differences and lack of security. and the safety of informal settlements in Tehran metropolis. Manuscript profile
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        106 - The role of Islam in the convergence of the Baluch people and the impact on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province
        mohammad chegini , tahmineh daniali , aliasghar Ismail Porroshan
        10.30495/sarzamin.2022.63242.1992
        Sistan and Baluchestan province, as one of the most strategic provinces in the east of the country, has always caused many security incidents in different parts of the province. It emphasizes the Shiite religion as the official religion of the country, so one of the way More
        Sistan and Baluchestan province, as one of the most strategic provinces in the east of the country, has always caused many security incidents in different parts of the province. It emphasizes the Shiite religion as the official religion of the country, so one of the ways to achieve the indicators of convergence is the religion of Islam. The purpose of this study was to "explain the role of Islam in the integration of the Baluch people and its impact on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province."The present study is of applied type and in terms of descriptive analytical method and statistical population as a whole and the obtained results are "Islam as the most important component of the convergence of Baluch people through the principles of common religion between Shiites and Sunnah - belief in a common prophet - belief The rule of denying the mustache - common religious holidays, etc., has an effect on the convergence of the Baloch people. Manuscript profile
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        107 - Impact of environmental hazards of "Aq Dareh" gold mining from a geopolitical perspective with emphasis on national security
        Alireza mehrabi ghasem abbasianfard Soroush Nikmanesh
        Research ahead aiming to investigate Aq Dareh gold mining operations which is located in the city of Takab (one of the functions of West Azerbaijan) and its construction operation began in 2003, due to non-compliance with the required standards in the process of product More
        Research ahead aiming to investigate Aq Dareh gold mining operations which is located in the city of Takab (one of the functions of West Azerbaijan) and its construction operation began in 2003, due to non-compliance with the required standards in the process of production cycle (exploration, extraction of natural materials and its conversion into industrial products, energy consumption, production of waste materials) facing the surrounding area with major challenges and consequently various areas related to the environment, energy consumption, safety and health due to the expansion of industries and services, the emergence of metropolises and population growth, Iran, like other countries to meet your needs, due to non-compliance with environmental standards It has destroyed part of its non-renewable natural resources. This research shows that Aq Dareh gold mining operation due to non-compliance with environmental regulations, seven areas of security in this area which includes economic, food, health, environmental, personal, social and political, faced with a crisis such a way that it is not possible to compensate not only in the short term, but also in the long term Manuscript profile
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        108 - Geopolitical Conflicts of Regional and Trans-regional Powers in the Syrian Crisis and Its Impact on Regional Electricity of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Ali Rahimi ezzatolah ezzati masoud mahdavi hajilouyi
        10.30495/sarzamin.2022.49772.1825
        The evolution of the geopolitical environment of the Southwest Asian security environment since the September 11, 2001, events has forced regional and trans-regional powers to take different approaches to the crises in the region. Since Syria has been a gateway for Iran More
        The evolution of the geopolitical environment of the Southwest Asian security environment since the September 11, 2001, events has forced regional and trans-regional powers to take different approaches to the crises in the region. Since Syria has been a gateway for Iran's entry into the Arab world for many years, the axis of Iran's resistance to the Mediterranean and so on has been central. Therefore, weakening Syria, in addition to weakening the axis of resistance, will result in a reduction of Iran's regional influence and power. The present study is a descriptive-analytical one and the main purpose of this paper is to analyze the regional power of Iran in the light of Syrian geopolitical conflicts. The results show that the geopolitical conflicts of the regional and trans-regional powers of Syria will have major effects on the regional power of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile
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        109 - Investigating the Effect of Social Compensation Components on Reducing Mass and Inactivity in Informal Settlements Case Study of District Khat4 hesar Karaj
        mohsen RAHIMI bahman kargar
        10.30495/sarzamin.2022.45135.1755
        Security is one of the basic needs of human life, which, after physiological needs such as food and water, is in the second place human needs "crime" and "crime" in today's societies that annually affect the lives of thousands of citizens as a social problem Comes with More
        Security is one of the basic needs of human life, which, after physiological needs such as food and water, is in the second place human needs "crime" and "crime" in today's societies that annually affect the lives of thousands of citizens as a social problem Comes with serious threats and violence against people and their assets, in fact, creates a significant panic in the community Regarding the situation of informal settlements regarding the crime of these settlements, special conditions have been established, including these settlements, Khat4 hear Karaj, except for areas with many problems in the area of crime and security, in order to ensure security in these areas and to prevent the spread of insecurity in Close cities need to provide Social security in the area of the 4th Corridor is considered as one of the critical areas in the informal settlements. After collecting the questionnaires, the results were analyzed and analyzed using SPSS software SMARTPLS. Results show that the components of participation, education, security, justice, flexibility Interactions, and others Resilience in social situations to reduce crime in the neighborhood is Khat4 hesar Karaj. Manuscript profile
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        110 - The impact of security and vitality of the urban space on the development of citizen relations in Gohardasht Street, Karaj
        Mahdi Lotfi Rahim Sarvar Ali Tavakolan
        10.30495/sarzamin.2023.74839.2114
        The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of security and vitality of the urban space on the development of citizen relations in Gohardasht Street, Shahr Karaj. This research was applied and its method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical populati More
        The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of security and vitality of the urban space on the development of citizen relations in Gohardasht Street, Shahr Karaj. This research was applied and its method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research was all the residents of Karaj (1,592,492 people), out of which 384 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's sample size formula. The tool used in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire.The findings of the research have shown that the relationship between the safety and security and the vitality of urban spaces with the development of citizenship relations among the citizens of Karaj is significant, and in the meantime, according to the values of the correlation coefficient, the relationship between the vitality of urban spaces and the development of citizenship relationships is more intense. . Also, the statistical characteristic of the regression has also shown that 43.5% of the variance related to the development of citizenship relations among the residents of Shahr Karaj is explained by the variables of safety and security, liveliness and readability. that the vitality variable of urban spaces has the highest impact factor and safety and security has the lowest factor. The safety and security of the urban space has had an impact on the development of citizen relations on Gohardasht street in Shahr Karaj, which has a significant impact factor. In addition, among the two investigated variables (safety and vitality), the safety variable had the least impact on the relationship of citizenship. The vitality of the urban space has had an impact on the development of citizen relations in Gohardasht Street, Shahr Karaj, and its impact coefficient is also significant. In addition, among the two investigated variables (safety and liveliness), the liveliness variable has had the greatest impact on citizen communication, the result is that the liveliness of urban spaces, especially in Gohar-Dasht Karaj Street, has had an impact on the social communication of citizens. Because when the space has the necessary vitality, a person's presence in this space creates a feeling of happiness and joy in him, which leads to establishing a relationship with others. This happiness has led to the strengthening of the sense of belonging to the city in the citizens, and since it satisfies a natural need, it will give him a sense of happiness in life. Manuscript profile
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        111 - The effect of changing the structure of politic in Iraq from Centralisms to Federalism on national security of Iran
        Ezzatollah Ezzati Soheiyla Nanva
        Searching for events that have been happened and historical events in on countryand in special period needs recognition of contents and the quality of politic –administration structure and drawing policy of cultural and politic activities in thatsociety and in the More
        Searching for events that have been happened and historical events in on countryand in special period needs recognition of contents and the quality of politic –administration structure and drawing policy of cultural and politic activities in thatsociety and in the new politic world and in the geopolitic changed environment thataccompanied by deployment of quick information and relationships that accompaniedby globalization of economic discipline and increasing separate groups of area andglobal and quacking of the ideal nationalism and independence, Federalism can beeffective step in prevention of territory analysis. Now the question is that WhetherChanging the structure of politic in Iraq from Centralism (concentrated) to federalismfor national security of Iran is a opportunity or threat. the hypothesis of this article isthat:It seems that Iran can change the threat to opportunities by thinking about nationalprofits and adopthing useful strategies. Manuscript profile
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        112 - Analises in Shanghai Cooperation Organizatin Geopolitics, Economics and Security: Accent joined observer Iran in SCO
        Qiuomars Yazdanpanah Dero Ezatolahe Ezzati
        The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), Currently consisting of China,Russia and four Central Asian states (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan andTajikstan), covers more than three fifths of the Eurasian Landmass and represents onequarter of the world population. H More
        The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), Currently consisting of China,Russia and four Central Asian states (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan andTajikstan), covers more than three fifths of the Eurasian Landmass and represents onequarter of the world population. Hn that sense it is the biggest security organisation inthe world next to the UN.The SCO is also the only international security organization,where China is a member and the United States is not.As will be demonstrated belowcentral Asia is at the centre of the organisation both in a geographical and politicalsense.if India, Pakistan and Iran, which joined the organization in 2005 as observers(Plus Mongolia in 2004) are included, the organization represents about half the worldpopulation and contains four nuclear powers.The organzation calls for greter economic cooperation among its members ,and at ameeting on September 23, 2003, Wen Jiabao, the premier of the Peoples Republic ofChina (PRC) ,proposed the establishment over the long term of an SCO – wide freetrade area designed to improve the flow of goods in the region by easing traderestrictions, such as tariffs.The SCO, s Security agenda is vast.The organization has been compared to theWarsaw pact and referred to as the " NATO of the East. Manuscript profile
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        113 - The geoeconomic status and position of the Islamic Repulic of Iran and its role in keeping and promoting national security
        مهدی Minaei
        The basis of geostrategic scopes during cold war which had been built uponmilitary force, geographic space and ideologic influence was destroyed because ofmany reasons including high cost of arms and support for satellite countries,emergence of technologic revolution, a More
        The basis of geostrategic scopes during cold war which had been built uponmilitary force, geographic space and ideologic influence was destroyed because ofmany reasons including high cost of arms and support for satellite countries,emergence of technologic revolution, and development of communications.Meawhile, with decrease in the role of military and ideologic issues, groupingsand competitious between the two superpowers and their allies which were defined andanalyzed on the basis of militarism weakened, and the factors of workforce andeconomic resources were introduced as the index of “better development and power”.At present the strategic regions are classified on the basis of gross national product,human resources, and national resources. Specifcally the mark of power in the twentyfirstcentury is the economic capabilities at the internatiunal level, controllingprodution system, supply and consumption of economic goods. This is why thegeostrategic regions are mached with the regions that have abundant natural resources(specially energy resoures) as well as substantial gross national product.Therefore, the region of the broader middle east, specially the Persion Gulf andCaspian Sea play a very special “geoeconomic” role in the twenty-first century as theyhave more than 70 percrent of energy resources (Oil and Gas). The Islamic Repulic ofIran, which was considered an important country during Cold War, has been currentlymached with the global geoconomic situation. And it’s regional sitution during coldwar has turned to an excellent international situation in world considerations.This exceptional situation is irreplaceble and will become a pivotal role in formulatingthe strategies related to the world power systems.The natural domination of the Islamic Republic of Iran over Hormoz Strait andthe strategic islands around it, as well as having borders with the world’s secondlargest oil and gas resource in the North has made this country an important factor inestablishing peace and stability in the twenty-first century. Meanwhile, the IslamicRepublic of Iran should formulate a “geopolitic agenda” which can on the one hand,answer the regional and global problems and demands, and on the other hand ensurethe national security and interests, and realize the Islamic Revolution’s causes in thebest possible way. Manuscript profile
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        114 - U.S. Strategy and Iran’s Position in Middle East
        عزت اله Ezzati
        The 20 thcentury with its all characteristics, finally faced with the military strategies impasse and with U.S.S.R collapsing finished, and the day after the falling of Berlin wall in 1989, strategically entered to 21st century . By this, the world security agenda has b More
        The 20 thcentury with its all characteristics, finally faced with the military strategies impasse and with U.S.S.R collapsing finished, and the day after the falling of Berlin wall in 1989, strategically entered to 21st century . By this, the world security agenda has been formulated on the basis of new principals and actors which according to this global blue print, the world will be directed by 5 orbits which is composed of 4+1 axis.Consequently, the world’s geo-strategic divisions drastically changed and in fact the world’s map planning is on the bassis of the peace map. According to these transformations, traditional Middle East borders moved towards north, east and weast and geographically wielded. This geopolitical expansion created challenges among and for Middel Eastern countries. Moreover, besides the other changes, U.S. Security Strategy has focused on Caspian Sea basin. The considerable point in this process is locating Iran, in the centre of the Heartland of energy or in the other world, the Heart of world energy. This affair must be considered in arranging Iran’s National Strategy. Manuscript profile
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        115 - Nature of the holes in the state in Iran
        Zahra pishgahifard Nasser Rezaei Emran Alizade
        Security is taken account as one of the most essential factors for duration ofsovereignty. Some phenomena challenge stare sovereignty through geographicalcontext as both partially and broadly. Different form conventional challenging factors,so- called sectionalism or di More
        Security is taken account as one of the most essential factors for duration ofsovereignty. Some phenomena challenge stare sovereignty through geographicalcontext as both partially and broadly. Different form conventional challenging factors,so- called sectionalism or divergence, this new phenomenon include mostly marginalregions of the state; where territory of the state can be vertically and horizontallyrecognized and called as holes in the state.Although historically displeased form regional divergence, however, Iran territoryhas been encountered with partial problem and phenomena inside the country.Previously, because of extensive nature such phenomena or holes in the state has beenincreased and is warming more than regional divergence.In addition to recognize various kinds of holes in the state and definable variablesfor holes in the state in Iran territory that is those challenging phenomena spreading asorganized threatening for social cultural, economical as well as political aspects ofsovereignty, through this dissertation it is aim to recognize and estimate effectivenessof holes in the state and kinds of extension through various provinces based onquantitative methods and content analysis.Form findings of the study it can be indicated that the most effective and the mostextensive holes in the state in case of Iranian territory can be recognized in kind ofcultural, social and economical, respectively.Moreover, it can be distinguished that many cases of these phenomena spread frommarginal to central regions; having increasing effect and extension. Manuscript profile
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        116 - Geopolitics approaches of Iran foreign politics in the Persian gulf area
        عزت الله Ezati نبی الله Rashnoo
        Summary: Due to strategic and geo-economic importance, Persian Gulf has been taken into consideration of powerful countries all over the history. Nowadays, in the Persian Gulf area, Iran is potentially one of the fifteen powerful countries in the world. Having all chara More
        Summary: Due to strategic and geo-economic importance, Persian Gulf has been taken into consideration of powerful countries all over the history. Nowadays, in the Persian Gulf area, Iran is potentially one of the fifteen powerful countries in the world. Having all characteristics of power including: vast territory, deep strategic, natural resources, suitable population, special geopolitics situation and history, national identity, rich literature and active people. Since effectiveness of national power characteristics on foreign politics involves software aspects and continued international communication all over the world, inattention to this important point caused this country to increase prices and reduce national and local interests respect to lack of suitable situation in the new lineup of international system. On the other hand, wide and strategic relations of the neighbors with west on the Persian gulf area caused unusual local relations for Iran and influenced by west interactions. Respect to technological changes and need to accompaniment with it in the new social conditions of Iran, this current has become the most important challenge in the foreign politics and national development of Iran.                               Manuscript profile
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        117 - An analysis on role of security and military interferes in Persian Gulf and its effect in nation security and advantages of Islamic republic
        Farahnaz mayel afshar Ezzatollah Ezzati
        Finding zone such as Persian Gulf is rare which political aspects would be tested there and no zone as Persian Gulf has not been succeded to attract people to it. As history says, Persian Gulf has been important part of the world and in recent half century, Persian Gul More
        Finding zone such as Persian Gulf is rare which political aspects would be tested there and no zone as Persian Gulf has not been succeded to attract people to it. As history says, Persian Gulf has been important part of the world and in recent half century, Persian Gulf has been one of the most important and critical zone of the world geopolitically and strategically and due to current changes in international   relation it should be noted that in twenty first century this zone is considered as the most important place and is called Heart land geopolitics by classic. But now this zone faces a phenomenon as militarism, different view oint op countries about security ad distrust together have provided grounds for intra regional powers to interferer and affects on its national advantages and security directiy. Manuscript profile
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        118 - Crime agaist Tourists in Tourism Destinations Case Study:Tehran Metropolise
        Azita Rajabi Marzieh Khanmohammadi
        Tourism is a very delicate and sensitive industry especially in relation with safetyand security matters in different national,regional and international levels. Every kindof security incidents such as :crime against tourists ,war,riots and terrorism will causeirrecover More
        Tourism is a very delicate and sensitive industry especially in relation with safetyand security matters in different national,regional and international levels. Every kindof security incidents such as :crime against tourists ,war,riots and terrorism will causeirrecoverable damage to the industry.Control and providing the security of tourists and prevention of crime againstthem,not only boots their reliability but also by reducing their concerns for providingtheir physical and financial security,make them enjoy their trip and travel further.Tehran city includes one forth of urban population of the country (the mainpopulation centers) and arrival and departure place of the most incoming tourists toIran, so it is playing the main role in managing tourism destinations in the country.Therfore, security incidents and crime agaist tourists can destroy tourism industry inseveral occasions.The goal of this article is surveying security issues and crime against tourists intourism destinations.The methods of this research is descriptive- analystic and the aimis practical. the results and findings of the research shows that social andenvironmental security in Tehran city is not in proper level ,and like many othermetropolises the crime rate is high. therefore, Tehran city is not in a proper securitysituation for developing tourism industry at present time.So it seems some extrememeasures should be taken to improve tourism industry in the under study city. Manuscript profile
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        119 - The Impact of Cyber Diplomacy in Policy Strategic Security Of U.S.A (2002-2013)
        Armin Amini Marziye Amiri
        One of the ways in recent decades in many countries especially the superpowers (the United States of America) has attracted is Cyber diplomacy.Cyber diplomacy can perhaps be interpreted as a form of public diplomacy the configuration and the availability of the Internet More
        One of the ways in recent decades in many countries especially the superpowers (the United States of America) has attracted is Cyber diplomacy.Cyber diplomacy can perhaps be interpreted as a form of public diplomacy the configuration and the availability of the Internet and cyberspace have emerged. In other words, it can be applied diplomacy diplomatic channels Cyber consider the context of interaction with other countries provides millions of foreigners. The purpose of this policy may change in the culture of other societies Align them with the policies and activities of a particular government, Movement up through social networking subversive groups mobilized through cyberspace, collecting information about the deployment of social forces-political opponent and so on. This review security policy - United States of America with regard to strategic cyber diplomacy in relations with other countries, especially Iran, Middle East have been investigated. The main question in this study is based on diplomatic developments that led to the creation of cyber diplomacy And the impact that this kind of diplomacy, security policy - United States of America has formed strategic. Manuscript profile
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        120 - Developing quality improvement strategies in the construction of urban sidewalks; (Case study of Taleghani pedestrian street in Ilam city(
        Seyed Mehdi Rasouli Hamed Ahmadi
        10.30495/ums.2023.23114
        Introduction and purpose of the research: urban appearance is the first representative of any city, which somehow represents the history, history and culture of that city. Among the components of the urban landscape, we can mention sidewalks, urban furniture, green spac More
        Introduction and purpose of the research: urban appearance is the first representative of any city, which somehow represents the history, history and culture of that city. Among the components of the urban landscape, we can mention sidewalks, urban furniture, green spaces, etc. The main purpose of designing sidewalks is to create a sense of vitality and the flow of social life. Diversity and permeability are two important factors in creating a sense of vitality in sidewalks. Urban furniture is another main component of designing urban spaces that increases the role of quality and efficiency of spaces. One of the main goals of designing urban spaces is to improve the quality of life and create a calm and attractive environment for citizens. From the point of view of citizens, the presence of security in different levels of the city, which makes them feel calm, is also important. Providing this kind of security always has various components including social control. In this research, after examining the principles of sidewalk standardization, it has been tried to introduce and analyze the Taleghani sidewalk of Ilam province.Research method: This article is of a descriptive-analytical type and was conducted in the period of autumn and winter of 1401 with the participation of 237 citizens of the city who were selected by systematic random sampling.Findings: The important point of the implementation of this project is its location in the central core of the city, which causes the reduction or non-use of vehicles, as well as the lack of parking space in the central core of the city, which is not generally understood.Conclusion: The majority of citizens agree with the implementation of such plans, but the important point is the location of this place for the implementation of the work, which is somewhat ambiguous and ponderable from the point of view of the participants, such that 58% of those who agree and those who oppose the location of the implementation of the plan They are 42%. It can also be suggested that before the implementation of projects similar to the mentioned topic, detailed and engineered studies must be done in order to avoid many problems in the future.  Manuscript profile
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        121 - The relationship between urban designing and the rate of social security according to citizen’s opinions and on the basis of CPTED model (Case study: Karaj)
        افسانه زمانی مقدم علی اکبر رضایی روزبه خلقت دوست
        Method of Research: Statistical population of this research are the residences of ten municipality regions of Karaj and the population size is 1732275 on the basis of the population and housing census which was held by Iran Statistics Center in 2006. The sampling method More
        Method of Research: Statistical population of this research are the residences of ten municipality regions of Karaj and the population size is 1732275 on the basis of the population and housing census which was held by Iran Statistics Center in 2006. The sampling method was stratified random sampling and the minimum size of the sample is n=384 samples on the basis of the Krejcie-Morgan table. Eventually, by using library and field study methods, data was collected, processed and analyzed by using SPSS statistical analysis software and the relationships between these data were tested. Findings: Strong relationship between the score of the components of urban designing and score of committed crimes was found in this research. In addition, improving the indicators of these components has ended up in the reduction of the rate of committed crimes. As a result, the social security was improved which shows that there is direct relationships between these components and the rate of social security, so that by the improvement of the components, the rate of social security  is improved as well and the whole four hypotheses of the research were verified. Conclusion: As the hypotheses of the research were verified, it seems that the indicators of components of urban designing have a critical role in the rate of social security according to the citizens’ opinions. Hence, improving the indicators of urban designing based on the priority of the strength of the relationships between the different components of urban designing and the rate of social security can decrease the fields of criminal actions in society and increase the rate of social security. Manuscript profile
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        122 - The effect of the black economy in the moral sense of security in cities
        Shervin Haddad Bijan safavi Hamidreza adabi
        Introduction and Objective: Black economy is considered as a set of activities and economic exchanges, which may be legal or illegal, but cannot be measured and reported. So far, several studies have estimated the size of black economy in the world and Iran, Which repre More
        Introduction and Objective: Black economy is considered as a set of activities and economic exchanges, which may be legal or illegal, but cannot be measured and reported. So far, several studies have estimated the size of black economy in the world and Iran, Which represent the increase in black economy in many countries and especially in Iran. But no researches that explain the impact of black economic on the sense of security for the citizens were found. Due to the increase in size of the black economy it is imperative that these effects on people's sense of security must be measured and also for the citizens live in cities and black economy also generally occurs in cities. Method: Statistical population have been selected all the citizens of fifth district of Tehran, which it’s volume equals 793750. And the sample size was calculated based on the Cochran formula equals 383.97 (400 questionnaire speeded out). For this study questionnaire was developed after extensive literature studies. Creator variables of sense of security were divided to 5 variables: moral security, emotional security, health security, Criminal and financial security. And for moral sense of security, this research has conducted. After the data collection, questionnaire showed satisfactory in reliability and validity. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (including frequency, percentage and average data) and inferential statistics were used. For inferential statistics after Kolmogorov-Smirnov test normality of the data has showed so one-sample t test was used. Notably, all of the analyses were conducted in SPSS. Results: the results showed that black economy would not be desirable for moral sense of security in cities. The results of the study can be viewed as a warning sign especially for urban practitioners that immediate plans should be implemented to decrease the size of black economy as soon as possible. Conclusion: Therefore, suggestions for reducing the size of the black economy in this research were presented.   Manuscript profile
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        123 - Investigating the role of Social and Cultural Deputy of Tehran`s Municipality in providing social security for citizens (Case Study: Tehran`s Municipality, Region 3)
        عبدالله هندیانی سیدرضا صالحی امیری فریبا پیلوار
        Introduction and Objectives: Security is one the most fundamental and basic needs of every nation and country. The activities of Social and Cultural Deputy within the social and cultural working environment of Tehran`s Municipality can have significant effects on improv More
        Introduction and Objectives: Security is one the most fundamental and basic needs of every nation and country. The activities of Social and Cultural Deputy within the social and cultural working environment of Tehran`s Municipality can have significant effects on improving the quality of life, achieving life skills, optimal spending of leisure time, and mental and psychological tranquility of citizens. The main objective of this study is to identify the role of Social and Cultural Deputy of the Municipality in providing social security for the citizens of Tehran. Method: Quantitative method and survey technique was used for this study. Random and class-based sampling was applied for the first statistical group, while the second group was full counted. The questionnaire prepared by the researcher was also applied as the measurement tool. Results: From citizens point of view, Social and Cultural Deputy of Tehran`s Municipality has insignificant effect of the provision of components of citizens` social security. Therefore it could be mentioned that the role of this deputy in providing all components of citizen`s social security covers low to average levels. On the other hand, staff and officials of the municipality believe that this deputy has a significant effect on the provision of each component of citizens` social security. Conclusion: The amount of effects of Social and Cultural Deputy of the Municipality on different components of social security was compared. So it could be said that from citizens` point of view, this deputy has had the highest impact on health security of citizens and the lowest impact on their job and physical security, while from officials point of view, this deputy has the highest impact on health security of citizens and the lowest impact on their job, financial and physical security. Investigating the gap between the views of these two groups reveals that Municipality`s staff and officials have more favorable opinion about the performance of this deputy in providing the security of these components. The provision of job security of citizens and provision of their financial security are the highest and the lowest difference of opinions, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        124 - Safety and Security in Urban spaces with Passive defense approach Case Study: Region 5 of Tehran Metropolitan
        حسن کامران طاهر پریزادی امیرحسین صحرایی حسن حسینی امینی
        Security of citizens affected by social factors and environment in urban spaces is part of the human environment are due to the type of construction and arrangement of furniture and architectural coatings and facade lighting insecurity they are operating effectively in More
        Security of citizens affected by social factors and environment in urban spaces is part of the human environment are due to the type of construction and arrangement of furniture and architectural coatings and facade lighting insecurity they are operating effectively in the other hand, lack of attention to the safety of urban infrastructure security to citizens would endanger this study to analyze factors affecting security and insecurity in urban areas of five regions of Tehran, has been discussed. These places include streets, thoroughfares, squares, city centers are recreational equipment installations. Method: Data from two libraries have been collecting and field. Field data questionnaire with random sampling and sample size of 100 residents of five regions is obtained. Results: Results show the most important factor five regional insecurity in the streets of Tehran, about 29 percent of the vehicles are. Main cause of insecurity in the network places, crowding over some parts of southern and northern zone 5 is crowded. Main cause of insecurity in the region fields, the presence of vehicles in these spaces with 32 percent of the vote is. Present operating thugs and drug dealers, to obtain 35 percent of the comments; the insecurity in the recreation center was the first priority. Conclusion: the security presence of spaces and interactive relationship citizens has with each other. Security in urban areas, more citizens to participate in the urban environment helps social communication and therefore the presence of civilians also is increased security in urban spaces.  Manuscript profile
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        125 - Predicting the Performance of Employees Based on Organizational Justice and job security Variables (case study: Municipal of Zahedan)
        aleme keikha fatemeh shahraki hasan keykha
        Introduction and Objective: Nowadays, human force plays an important role in the competitive course for the organizations and undoubtedly a successful organization is the one which pays attention to the job security and justice of its employees, which has a salient role More
        Introduction and Objective: Nowadays, human force plays an important role in the competitive course for the organizations and undoubtedly a successful organization is the one which pays attention to the job security and justice of its employees, which has a salient role in their performance. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of organizational justice and job security on the performance of the employees of Zahedan Municipality. Method: Research method is descriptive-survey based on structural equations and the statistical population includes all the employees of area 1 Municipality of Zahedan. The sample size includes 200 subjects, 127 of which were selected according to Morgan table and through random sampling. Nihoff and Morman's (1993) questionnaire of standard organizational justice, Nissi et.al questionnaire of job security (1379) and the Hersi and Goldsmith's questionnaire of job performance (1981) have been used for collecting data. Content validity was determined by the confirmation of experts and the validity of the structure was confirmed via factor analysis and the dependability was calculated through compound Cronbach's alpha as 0/90, 0/92 and 0/97. SPSS 23 and PLS3 were used for data analysis. Findings: The findings of the research indicated that organizational justice and job security have a significant effect (P<0.05) on the performance of the employees of Zahedan Municipality. Also, organizational justice has a significant and positive (P<0.05) effect on the job Security of the employees of Zahedan Municipality. Conclusion: The existence of organizational justice in workplace indicates the rate of organization importance to employees, Therefore, increasing the level of organizational justice increases employee performance. Also Job security can reduce the dissatisfaction that employees may have about their jobs, Prevent employees from leaving the organization and increase the willingness of employees to deliver high-quality performance.     Manuscript profile
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        126 - The relationship between the “urban spatial structure and permeability” and the rate of social safety according to citizen’s opinions and on the basis of CPTED model (Case study: Karaj)
        روزبه Khelghatdoost افسانه Zamanimoghadam سیده تناز Shamsabadi
        Introduction and purpose of research: This research was performed with the total purpose of improving social safety in cities by using the design of the urban spatial structure and permeability which is one of the main components of urban designing. Specific goal of thi More
        Introduction and purpose of research: This research was performed with the total purpose of improving social safety in cities by using the design of the urban spatial structure and permeability which is one of the main components of urban designing. Specific goal of this research was determining the relationship between the "urban spatial structure and permeability" and the rate of the social safety. For this purpose, it is hypothesized that there is a relationship between this component and the rate of social safety. Method of research: Statistical population of this research are the residences of ten municipality regions of Karaj and the population size is 1732275 on the basis of the population and housing census which was held by Iran Statistics Center in 2006. The sampling method was stratified random sampling and the minimum size of the sample was 384 samples on the basis of the Krejcie-Morgan table. Eventually, data was collected by using library and field study methods, and was processed and analyzed by using SPSS statistical analysis software and the relationships between these data were tested. Findings: The results of the research show that there is a strong relationship between the indictors of “urban spatial structure and permeability” and social safety. Furthermore, improvement of the indictors of “urban spatial structure and permeability” results in the decrease of the fields of criminal actions in the society and consequently, increase of the rate social safety. Conclusion: Because the hypotheses of the research were verified, it seems that we can decrease the fields of criminal actions in the society and increase the rate of social safety by improving and re-designing the indictors of “urban spatial structure and permeability”. Manuscript profile
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        127 - Providing of optimal strategies for creating environmental security for children with a focus on Indicators of the desirable urban space for children (Case study: Udlajan neighborhood)
        Roya Eghbal Moghaddam Majid Zareyi
        Children, as one of the most sensitive sectors of society, lost their place in the development of cities, and instead of being in urban spaces, they were sentenced to home space due to numerous barriers, including insecurity. Therefore, the present research tries to dra More
        Children, as one of the most sensitive sectors of society, lost their place in the development of cities, and instead of being in urban spaces, they were sentenced to home space due to numerous barriers, including insecurity. Therefore, the present research tries to draw up strategies for the desirable children's spaces by extracting effective indicators. The research method is analytical-descriptive and information is obtained through library resources and field research. At the end, theoretical notions of research were carried out on the context (Udlajan neighborhood) and by analyzing the data with respect to the obtained indicators, the applied policies and strategies were presented. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the use of Udlajan neighborhood urban spaces and the creation of security for children. Due to its historical identity, Udlajan context also has potential for the presence of children, which can be exploited using the applied strategies. Manuscript profile
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        128 - Participatory and Social Approach to Create a Safe Urban Space
        الهام ضابطیان زهرا خدائی
        Security is a primary and essential right of all people in societies and citizens, and of course the concept of security must be expressed in two dimensions of mental and objective. These two dimensions affect each other completely, and can not be studied separately. In More
        Security is a primary and essential right of all people in societies and citizens, and of course the concept of security must be expressed in two dimensions of mental and objective. These two dimensions affect each other completely, and can not be studied separately. In fact, the concept of "security" and understanding it in all aspects (physical, social, psychological, and ...) is difficult and therefore promoting it will also be difficult.It is also clear that the army and multiplicity of police and guard forces for a space alone can not guarantee security of the city and of course designing a city alone cannot establish the security in the city. It is clear that prevention of such offenses in any way and establishing the security is more convenient and easier than defeating the crimes. But physical and social interventions can have a parallel effect on the atmosphere and urban public space and can change the citizens' feeling safe and understanding about their environment and their actual presence in the city. But one of the factors motivating this action is the citizens themselves. They are all aware of their dangerous environment and can provide a safe environment for themselves by an active cooperation by with urban planners. Manuscript profile
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        129 - Effect of agricultural water use management on food security of farmers’ households in family farming system: case study of Kermanshah county
        Hossein shabanali fami mostafa moradi Ali Asadi
        The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of agricultural water use management on food security in family farming system in Kermanshah county. The statistical population of the study consisted of 9656 of irrigation farmers in Kermanshah county. Sample s More
        The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of agricultural water use management on food security in family farming system in Kermanshah county. The statistical population of the study consisted of 9656 of irrigation farmers in Kermanshah county. Sample size was determined using Cochran’s formula, 217 farmers were selected by stratified sampling method. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by content validity method using the comments related to the panel of experts (faculty members of the department of agricultural management and development at university of Tehran) and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.73-0.81). SPSSWin23 software was used to analyze the data. The results of path analysis showed that agricultural water use management directly and indirectly influences farmers’ food security by improving product quality and product diversity, changing crop pattern, increasing agricultural consumption and agricultural production, and also increasing inputs’ productivity and income increase. Improving Farmers' water use management In addition to increasing production and productivity of inputs and improving farmers' income, it will increase farmers' access to a diverse and quality food basket and ultimately improve their food security. Manuscript profile
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        130 - The Impact of Agricultural Development on Different Dimensions of Food Security in Developing Countries
        Leyla Heydari Amir Mohammadinejad Seyed Yaghob Zeraatkish Reza Moghaddsi
        Abstract Food security is one of the main conditions for the realization of national security and one of important functions of agricultural development. Therefore, the aim of this study is the study of the impact of agricultural development and other macroeconomic vari More
        Abstract Food security is one of the main conditions for the realization of national security and one of important functions of agricultural development. Therefore, the aim of this study is the study of the impact of agricultural development and other macroeconomic variables on food security and its sub-indicators (access to food, economic ability to buy food, and food health) in 64 developing countries. For this purpose, the panel data methods, and the data of developing countries in the period 1996-2016 are been used. The results show that agricultural development (the increase in agricultural value added) enhances food security through improving access to food. The GDP have a positive effect on food security so that all three dimensions of food security improved by increasing income. Rising prices will reduce food security by reducing access to food and reducing purchasing power.The urbanization has different effects on the different dimensions of food security but overall reduces food security. Keywords: Access to Food, Agricultural Development, Developing Countries, Food Security, Panel Data. Manuscript profile
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        131 - Investigation of economic, social, cultural and managerial mechanisms in urban agriculture development (Case study of Karaj city)
        Moharram-Ali Torabi Seyed Jamal Farajolah-Hosseini Seyed Mehdi Mirdamadi Farhad Lashgarara
        10.30495/jaeer.2023.56559.10852
        Due to the growing population in cities, one of the most neglected issues is the urban agricultural development. This study seeks to investigate the impact of economic, social, cultural and managerial mechanisms on the development of urban agriculture in the Kraj city. More
        Due to the growing population in cities, one of the most neglected issues is the urban agricultural development. This study seeks to investigate the impact of economic, social, cultural and managerial mechanisms on the development of urban agriculture in the Kraj city. This research is of applied type and after presenting the basics of the subject and research background, the data obtained from the distribution of the questionnaire in the statistical population of 127 experts have been analyzed using Smart-PLS software. Based on the results of this study, the KMO number (greater than 0.7) and the significance number of Bartlett test (<0.05sig) indicate the appropriate factor analysis for the data. The results of this study indicate the appropriateness of all questions in the process of factor analysis and because the number of subscriptions to the questions is more than 0.5, the validity of the questions has been confirmed. Also, after analyzing the results in this study, it was found that four assumptions of this study, including economic mechanisms, social mechanisms, cultural mechanisms and management mechanisms and related items have affected the development of urban agriculture in Karaj. Manuscript profile
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        132 - Factors influencing adoption of improved wheat varieties and their impacts on food security dimensions: Application of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) in East Azarbaijan
        Farzaneh Noruzi Ajabshir Farhad Lashgarara Mehdi Mirdamadi Maryam Omidi najafabadi
        This study examined the major effective factors on farmer’s adoption of improved wheat varieties and investigated their impacts on food security in East Azarbaijan province based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The population of this stu More
        This study examined the major effective factors on farmer’s adoption of improved wheat varieties and investigated their impacts on food security in East Azarbaijan province based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. The population of this study comprised wheat growers who adopted improved wheat varieties in 21 regions. The study sample consisted of 380 wheat growers selected through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was utilized for data collection. Validity was confirmed by face validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity and reliability was calculated using Composite Reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data was analyzed using Smart-PLS software. The findings showed that the performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and trust, had a positive and significant effect on the intention to adopt technology as well as on the dimensions of food security. In addition, the moderating variables of age, gender, and experience did not have a significant effect on related constructs. Manuscript profile
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        133 - Explaining the Factors Affecting on the Environmental Ethical Behavior of Villagers According to Experts of Jihad Agriculture and Environmental Organizations in Khuzestan Province
        mohammad reza siedi masoud baradaran masoud Yazdanpanah
        The instability of production and the reduction of food security have been the result of man's profitable use of nature's capacities. In the field of environmental protection, the behavior of human beings as a key factor in the formation of environmental problems is irr More
        The instability of production and the reduction of food security have been the result of man's profitable use of nature's capacities. In the field of environmental protection, the behavior of human beings as a key factor in the formation of environmental problems is irrefutable. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to identify the factors influencing the ethical behavior of the villagers, according to Experts of Jihad Agriculture and Environmental Organizations in Khuzestan Province using Grounded Theory method. In this method, coding is a basic technique for data analysis that has a three-step process and includes: Open Coding, Axial Coding and Selective Coding. In the Open coding phase, after conducting 10 in-depth interviews with employees of Jihad-Agriculture Organization and Khuzestan Province Environmental Organization, Line-by-line analysis was used to analyze the findings. Then the sentences and paragraphs were broken down into concepts. In the Axial coding stage of the categories, three categories: Political factors "," environmental ethics Perspective "and" educational factors "were identified as the main categories. Finally, the research paradigm model was drawn, considering the main categories under the terms casual condition, the cynicism of the villagers and the educators about each other as interventionist conditions, drought and lack of fallow as background, and necessary strategies to implement ethical behavior with the environment and their its associated consequences among the villagers, were formulated. Manuscript profile
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        134 - Modeling the Factors Affecting Rural Households’ Food Security in Zanjan County
        Akram Jozi Leila Safa Nafiseh Salahimoghadam
        The main objective of this research was modeling the factors affecting rural households’ food security in Zanjan County. The statistical population of the current research was 25864 rural household heads in Zanjan County which based on Bartlett et al. (2001) formu More
        The main objective of this research was modeling the factors affecting rural households’ food security in Zanjan County. The statistical population of the current research was 25864 rural household heads in Zanjan County which based on Bartlett et al. (2001) formula, 353 of them were selected using a two-stage sampling method. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and as well as the construct validity and the reliability of the questionnaire were obtained after making necessary corrections. The collected data were analyzed using SPSSWin22 and Smart PLS3 software. The descriptive results of the research showed that most of the surveyed respondents (more than two thirds) were in severe food insecurity situation. Moreover, the results of structural equation modeling revealed that each of five factors of economic, policy-regulatory, educational-information, family and geographical had positive and significant effects on rural household heads’ food security level and explained about 57.9 percent of variances in the dependent variable. However, the relationship between social factors and the food security level was not significant. Manuscript profile
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        135 - Identify and rank the factors affecting the improvement of food security based on the role of nanotechnology
        Marjan Azadfar Farhad Lashgarara Seyed Jamal Farajollah Hosseini Maryam Omidi Najafabadi Hamed Afshari
        10.30495/jaeer.2022.19232
        Nanotechnology in the food industry provides a logical framework for developing an understanding of the reactions and self-arrangement behavior of small-scale food components. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the factors affecting the improvement of foo More
        Nanotechnology in the food industry provides a logical framework for developing an understanding of the reactions and self-arrangement behavior of small-scale food components. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the factors affecting the improvement of food security based on the role of nanotechnology. The statistical population of the study was all the specialists of the Special Staff for Nanotechnology Development, whose number was 90 and due to the limited community of specialists of the Special Staff for Nanotechnology Development, they were selected through census. The present study is a descriptive correlation that a researcher-made questionnaire based on the theoretical framework of the research was used to collect data. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire indicated that the measuring instruments had good validity and reliability. The results of the research using SPSS software and prioritization of items based on coefficient of variation (CV) showed that in food storage, covering fruits and vegetables with nanocytosan containing copper was more important, also in Food processing, protection of nutrients against oxidation, in food production, production of biocompatible pesticide formulations, in food flavor and color improvement, nano-encapsulation of various fragrances and flavors in food to control the release of fragrances Flavors were more important in food health, the use of nanosensors to detect pathogens in food and in food packaging, the use of nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties of packaging. Manuscript profile
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        136 - Peri-urban agriculture and its effect on food security:Analysis of the viewpoint of Farmers in suburbs of Noorabad-e-Mamassani city
        Marzieh Kiani Mostafa Ahmadvand Maryam Sharifzadeh
        10.30495/jaeer.2023.44203.10744
        Today, considerable interest in urban agriculture is being manifested by policy makers, government agencies and academics due to its contribution to food security and poverty alleviation in cities. Therefore, this research has evaluated the farmers’ viewpoints reg More
        Today, considerable interest in urban agriculture is being manifested by policy makers, government agencies and academics due to its contribution to food security and poverty alleviation in cities. Therefore, this research has evaluated the farmers’ viewpoints regarding peri-urban agriculture in Noorabad city with an emphasis on the dimensions of food security. The study population consisted of peri-urban farmers of Noorabad who had at least two hectares of cultivated land. Based on the sampling table of Bartlett and colleague, 123 people were selected and distributed randomly with proportional assignment. The findings showed that the studied farmers evaluated urban agriculture in improving the dimensions of effective food security, but the diversity of views was seen among them. Therefore, the studied farmers were classified into two groups (negative evaluator and positive evaluator) using cluster analysis. The findings also showed that these two groups have different attitudes toward urban agriculture. On the other hand, the results showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between the impact of urban agriculture on improving the dimensions of food security (availability, availability, utilization and stability) with the attitude towards urban agriculture. Manuscript profile
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        137 - Investigating the possibility of improving food security using the nuclear agriculture approach
        Mona ArabSeifi Maryam Omidi farhad Lashgarara Ebrahim Moghiseh ali Eskandari
        10.30495/jaeer.2023.56128.10843
        Undoubtedly, with the increase in the world's population, providing food security has become one of the most serious challenges of human societies. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully review this issue and solve the bottlenecks, it will not be possible except by rel More
        Undoubtedly, with the increase in the world's population, providing food security has become one of the most serious challenges of human societies. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully review this issue and solve the bottlenecks, it will not be possible except by relying on scientific foundations and localization of new technologies. Providing management solutions such as the use of nuclear technology are among the things that must be paid attention to in order to ensure food security in the future. This applied study is a qualitative phenomenological study and was conducted with the aim of identifying the appropriate methods of nuclear technology in improving food security and the obstacles to its use. In this research, 11 faculty members of agricultural colleges and research institutes were identified and questioned using the snowball technique. The data collection tool was the focused group discussion technique. Qualitative data analysis was done using MAXQDA software. The results showed that from the point of view of faculty members and agricultural experts, in terms of work method, radiation method and in terms of obstacles, educational obstacles were more important. Based on these results, it is necessary to carry out applied research and long-term implementation plans in line with these aspects of nuclear technology. Manuscript profile
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        138 - Impacts of climate change adaptation strategies on smallholder farmers food security
        saeede sadat ebrahimi farhad lashgarara seyed mahdi mirdamadi maryam omidi najaf abadi
        10.30495/jaeer.2023.52874.10810
        Thus, this study was done to investigate the impacts of climate change adaptation strategies on smallholder household food security among horticultural crop farmers. 456 farmers were selected through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was utilized for data coll More
        Thus, this study was done to investigate the impacts of climate change adaptation strategies on smallholder household food security among horticultural crop farmers. 456 farmers were selected through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was utilized for data collection consisting of four sections. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling using Smart-PLS 3.0. 89 percent of households were anxious and uncertain about food supply, 76 percent were households with insufficient food quality, and 71 percent did experience the inadequate quantity of food intake and its physical consequences. Also, farming and non-farming strategies had a positive and significant impact on the role of farmers in adapting to climate change, while infrastructure and support strategies had a significant impact on the role of government and rural institutions in adapting to climate change. In addition, the effect of the role of farmers and the role of government and rural institutions in improving the dimensions of food security was positive and significant, but only in relation to the role of farmers on food consumption was not observed. Manuscript profile
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        139 - Assessment and Analysis of the KoozehTopraghi Watershed Health Status, Ardabil Province, Iran
        Zeinab Hazbavi Nahideh Parchami Nazila Alaei Leyla Babaei
        The present research was conducted to evaluate the health of the KoozehTopraghi Watershed in Ardabil Province using 27 criteria analysis related to different hydrological, anthropogenic and climatic aspects. For this purpose, base regional data including hydrology, eros More
        The present research was conducted to evaluate the health of the KoozehTopraghi Watershed in Ardabil Province using 27 criteria analysis related to different hydrological, anthropogenic and climatic aspects. For this purpose, base regional data including hydrology, erosion and sediment, economic, social and climatic data were collected and analyzed from previous reports. Then, according to the nature of the data used, several appropriate databases were prepared in Fragstats 4.2.1, Excel 2016, IBM SPSS Statistics 25 and ArcGIS 10.6 softwares. Then, using the principles governing the conceptual model of pressure-state-response (PSR), the status and spatial variations of the watershed health were evaluated at 36 sub-watersheds level. Different degrees of watershed health were classified into five categories: healthy, relatively healthy, moderately healthy, relatively unhealthy and unhealthy. Based on the results analysis, it was found that this watershed is in average health condition. Also, the values of pressure, state and response indicators were 0.46, 0.55 and 0.31, respectively. The mean score of comprehensive watershed health assessment index is 0.41. The maximum value of comprehensive watershed health index was 0.66 for sub-watersheds 8 and 12 and the minimum value for this index was 0.14 for sub-watershed 26. The eastern and southeastern part of the watershed is relatively healthy and moderately healthy and the watershed health status was better in the western and northern parts. The results of the present study are applicable to identifying and restoration priority areas and guiding management strategies in terms of water and soil resources at national and regional levels. Manuscript profile
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        140 - Identification and Validation of Soil Security Assessment Indicators
        nasrin jalilian karim Naderi Mahdei Yaser Mohammadi Mohsen Nael
        10.30495/wsrcj.2023.73924.11387
        Background and Objectives: The recently introduced concept of soil security stems from deep scientific concern about global soil degradation and its impact on sustainable development. Although land degradation is a physical process, its main drivers are rooted in the so More
        Background and Objectives: The recently introduced concept of soil security stems from deep scientific concern about global soil degradation and its impact on sustainable development. Although land degradation is a physical process, its main drivers are rooted in the socio-economic and political environment. Soil security by integrating five dimensions, including soil condition and capabilities, soil biophysical aspects, as well as capital, covers the relationship and legislation of socio-economic and political factors affecting soil. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify and validate soil security indicators with fuzzy Delphi technique.Methods: The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and it is qualitative research in terms of the type of research. Also, the current research is a descriptive (non-laboratory) type of researches that was conducted with a survey method. The information needed for this research was mainly obtained through survey and library methods, and in this regard, secondary data such as scientific and gray documents and several reports of government documents that describe the studied area were used. The information required for this research has been collected according to the objectives determined by the questionnaire. In total, 30 experts in relevant departments and institutions were used to complete the study.Results: The results of the study showed that from soil capability aspect soil erosion rate index and in terms of soil organic carbon index have the most validity in measuring soil security. In relation to soil security, the index of cultural values has a high priority to measure soil security. Also, in this dimension, indicators of active soil science graduates, soil management skills and access to statistics and information were removed. In terms of soil capital, the index of total production is a highly reliable index for measuring soil security. In this dimension, three indicators of wet or dry agricultural land, trading value of land and benefit from irrigation water were removed. In the dimension of soil security legislation, the index of soil protection projects is mentioned as the most valid indicator for measuring soil security.Conclusion: This study is the first attempt to collect indicators of five dimensions of soil security to evaluate soil security in Iran. Identification of soil security assessment indicators has led to obtaining a list of important indicators approved by the country's soil experts, which can be made available to other researchers in the future to assess the soil security situation in different parts of the country. According to the study process, a total of 38 indicators were identified and validated for each dimension of soil security. Finally, eight indicators were removed from this total in the study process. Manuscript profile
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        141 - Plant Equivalent of Optimum Food Basket for Iran Society
        Maryam Akbarpoor Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani Hadi Veisi mohammadreza nazari
        10.30495/jftn.2023.71614.11238
         Introduction: One of the indicators for determining the health of a society is the quantity and quality of consumed food by the people, that is defined in terms of the optimum food basket. In order to analyse the food system of a region, the food production should More
         Introduction: One of the indicators for determining the health of a society is the quantity and quality of consumed food by the people, that is defined in terms of the optimum food basket. In order to analyse the food system of a region, the food production should be compared with the optimum food basket. Therefore a unit that can be used both in measuring food needs and food production is necessary, therefore the food basket was converted to its plant equivalent.Materials and Methods: The food basket that is equated in this research is the food basket approved by the Ministry of Health. Each of the components of the food basket is converted into its plant equivalent using mathematical calculations.Results: The food basket, which is categorized into four groups including 1) energy suppliers 2) poultry 3) livestock and 4) fruits, vegetables and legumes has been equated and the plant equivalent of the optimum food basket for Iranian people was measured: 370 grams of vegetables, 280 grams of fruits, 26 grams of  legumes, 135 grams of rice hull, 58 grams of rapeseed grain, 60 grams of soybean grain, 5 grams of sunflower grain,  30 grams of rapeseed meal, 815 grams of wheat grain, 94 grams of wheat straw, 77 grams of wheat bran, 147 grams of barley grain, 62 grams of barley straw, 147 grams of sugar beet root, 233 grams of sugar cane shoot, 30 grams of sugar beet pulp, 4.3 grams of sugar beet molasses, 243 grams of fodder corn, 806 grams of alfalfa and other forage crops, 258 grams of corn grain, 51 grams of soybean meal, 37 grams of ready concentrate and 36 grams of other materials.Conclusion: This is the first report about the plant equivalent of the optimum food basket in Iran. The results can be used in food and nutrition macro policies (production, exports, imports, subsidies and pricing). Manuscript profile
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        142 - Factors Affecting Food Security of Rural Farming Households in Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province of Iran
        S. Y. Zera' at Kish Zh. Kamaei
        Introduction: Household food security refers to the available and adequate food supplies for the households to make sure that the members are provided with the minimum requirements of food. According to the definition set by the United Nation in 1986, food availability, More
        Introduction: Household food security refers to the available and adequate food supplies for the households to make sure that the members are provided with the minimum requirements of food. According to the definition set by the United Nation in 1986, food availability, food access, and feeding sustainability are the three principle elements. Materials and Methods: The present study has been undertaken regarding the importance of household food security as a contributing factor concerned with the adequate growth and evolution for all the household members, therefore members can provide their society with prosperity, productivity and average food security state. This research investigates the factors affecting food security of the rural farming households in Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province of Iran. Random sampling method was used to build a sample of 223 respondents including 223 householders from rural areas. Required data was extracted from household, expenditure and income report released by the Statistical Center of Iran. Results: The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, food security indices, food security shortage/surplus gap and probit model. The obtained results via the so-called calorie consumption method indicated that, 46% of rural households enjoy food security. These households were found to exceed recommended calorie consumption by 43%. In fact the rural households without food security were found to under take the recommended calorie consumption by 69%. Conclusion: The householder income, the ratio of food expenditure to household expenditure and farm size positively contributed to the household food security, while householder gender, household size and householder education are negatively associated to the household food security. Manuscript profile
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        143 - Study of farmers’ knowledge about organic farming (Case study: Vegetable growers in Bavi city, Khuzestan province)
        Marzieh mousavi Bahman khosravipour
        10.22034/jest.1970.11204
        Background and Objective: In recent decades, the problem of food security and health issues among the populations worldwide jave been one of the main challenges for human societies. In this regard, the necessity of converting the conventional farming to organic farming More
        Background and Objective: In recent decades, the problem of food security and health issues among the populations worldwide jave been one of the main challenges for human societies. In this regard, the necessity of converting the conventional farming to organic farming was raised. Method: This study was done to investigate the farmers’ knowledge about organic farming in Bavi city, Khuzestan province. The statistical population consisted vegetable growers in Bavi city (N=140) and the statistical sample was determined using the Morgan’s table (n=104). The statistical sample was chosen through simple random sampling technique. The data were collected using a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of Agricultural extension and Education experts. Moreover, its reliability was confirmed using the Cronbachs alpha (α=0/96). Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSSwin16. Findings: The results showed that the knowledge of over 62% of the respondents about organic farming is low. There was a significant difference (p=0/01) between farming experience and knowledge about organic farming. Moreover, there was a significant difference (p=0/05) between the size of farmland and the education level and knowledge about organic farming. Results of regression analyses indicates that farming experience and size of farmland were the only variables explaining 24/2% knowledge changes. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that farmers' knowledge regarding organic agriculture is low. Althougf the importance of knowledge in adoption and development of a new technology is obvious, lack of information and knowledge has been raised as a limitation and a great obstacle for the development of organic farming. Manuscript profile
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        144 - Examining the Lighting Situation in Reducing Urban Crime with an Emphasis on the CPTED Approach The area of study: Kianpars – Ahvaz
        Parviz soleimanimoghadam setare dinyari
        10.30495/jest.2021.33086.4088
        Background and Objective: Urban spaces are the environment of human life and its activities. Crimes are committed as a destructive social phenomenon by man in these spaces. Among the major problems in urban spaces that affect the quality of life and the sense of securit More
        Background and Objective: Urban spaces are the environment of human life and its activities. Crimes are committed as a destructive social phenomenon by man in these spaces. Among the major problems in urban spaces that affect the quality of life and the sense of security of citizens is the occurrence of urban crime, and factors such as urban planning, design, sprawl and social –economics, play an effective role in its occurrence or deterrence. Kianpars neighborhood can always face dangers like urban crime, depending on its location.Method: This article is a descriptive-analytic one. In the descriptive section, statistics and information extracted from the Statistical Yearbook, the supreme court of the Khuzestan and police department of the study area were used. Finally, for analyzing the data, GIS and SPSS softwares have been used to analyze the relationship between the two factors of crime incidence and brightness levels Within the Kianpars area.Findings: Investigations show that criminals act reasonably well in choosing the time and place of the crime and select the most appropriate and least risky locations and areas that are poorly lit for criminal activity and there is an inverse relationship between crime and light.Discussion and Conclusion: Overall results show that out of 275 crimes in public and private spaces, 200 cases occurred in the optical range No.1 with the least amount of light and 19 cases occurred in the optical range No.4 with the highest brightness, indicating a significant and inverse relationship between the amount of light and the crime number, as well as studies show that poor lighting in Kianpars has led to a decrease in security and incidence of some urban crime, and overall the lighting system in the study area has been assessed as inefficient and inconsistent with the CPTED principles.  Manuscript profile
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        145 - The Concentration of Heavy Metals Zn, Pb and Cd in Rice Supplied in the Consumer Market in Hamadan
        shima akbari mehrdad cheraghi
        10.22034/jest.2020.16352.3260
        Background and Objective: Considering the significance of the issue, this research was performed to study the elements of Zn, Pb and Cd in the rice products available in the markets of Hamedan in 1394. Method: Accordingly, ten types of that rice were sampled through a s More
        Background and Objective: Considering the significance of the issue, this research was performed to study the elements of Zn, Pb and Cd in the rice products available in the markets of Hamedan in 1394. Method: Accordingly, ten types of that rice were sampled through a standard method. After passing the preparation stages of the samples by acidic digestion method, the concentration of elements was read in Atomic Emission Device. Spss was applied to process the statistical data. Findings: The results indicated that the minimum and maximum average of element concentration in rice samples (according to mlg/kg) were as the following: for Zink with 0.0862±0.0002 and 1.02±0.00781 in B rice and C respectively, for Lead with 0.226±0.00529 and 4.894±0.00529 in A and H rice, and for Cadmium with 0.006±0.001 and 0.043±0.00436 in H and A. The results also showed meaningful, statistical deviation of accumulated concentration average of heavy metals in rice samples available in the markets of Hamedan through WHO. Concentration averages of Zinc and Cadmium are less while concentration average of Lead is more than permissible level. Discussion and Conclusion: Finally, it can be stated that the rice product which is being consumed in Hamedan is exposed to Lead pollution which is more than permissible level and it can cause psychological and behavioral problems and health consequences which cannot be compensated. Manuscript profile
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        146 - The Study Views of Climbing Sport Tourists of Ilam City Residents in Order to Develop Tourism with Emphasis on the Safety of Tourists (Case study: mountainous area of Gachan)
        javad alibeygi behrouz sepidnameh
        10.22034/jest.2020.22015.3112
        Background and Objective: In this study, the views of mountaineering sports tourists living in the city of Ilam in the mountainous region of Gachan in order to plan for the development of tourism with emphasis on the security of tourists have been studied. Method: The More
        Background and Objective: In this study, the views of mountaineering sports tourists living in the city of Ilam in the mountainous region of Gachan in order to plan for the development of tourism with emphasis on the security of tourists have been studied. Method: The research is an applied research, the  methods of data collection is descriptive and analytic, the methods of data analysis is conducted both descriptive and inferential statistics (T & Friedman test).The Statistical Society is consisted of climbing sport tourists of Gachan mountainous area that has been obtained 77 tourists with the use of available sampling or random method. Findings: Based on the findings, Men (66 percent) accounted for the highest percentage of respondents and the largest age group of respondents is between the ages of "25 to 44 year". Tourists often have a bachelor's degree level (37.7 percent) and Diploma (22.1 percent). The origin location of the most Mountaineer tourists is the city of Ilam. Employees (8/33 percent) have formed the highest number of respondents. Most tourists (4/84 percent) access to the area Gachan with private vehicle.Tourists visit the area often "with family" (9/51 percent) and "with friends" (1.22 percent). Often of tourists are agreeing to pay 5,000 rials to 15,000 rials in the right input. Tourists have been reported the main motivations and reasons for choosing the region "tourism, sport and health". Disscousion and Conclusion: Also, hypothesis test results indicate that in general, level of insecurity in Gachan area for tourists is higher than average which can have a negative effect on tourism and sports tourism. Manuscript profile
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        147 - The Study of Security Indicators in Urban Parks from User’s Point of View with Emphasis on CPTED Theory
        jamalal-din mahdinejad soudabeh gholipour
        10.22034/jest.2020.31697.4001
        Background and Objective: Urban parks are considered as public spaces and the basic rights of citizens; paying attention to opinions and wishes of citizens is a necessity in their satisfaction of environmental factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sec More
        Background and Objective: Urban parks are considered as public spaces and the basic rights of citizens; paying attention to opinions and wishes of citizens is a necessity in their satisfaction of environmental factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the security factor as one of the environmental quality factors from the user’s point of view in urban parks, which can guarantee the citizens' satisfaction in urban spaces using. Method: This study is an experimental research with functional goal and a survey method with gathering data by distributing questionnaire in urban parks. In this study security indicators are based on the CPTED theory. The number of statistical samples was 175 (users over 15 years old).Data analysis has been performed using SPSS and multiple regression analysis has been used to predict the contribution of each sub-indicators in security satisfaction. Findings: The results of the partial correlation test between the factors with considering other factors indicate a significant relationship between security and aesthetic factors, meaning and aggregation, and no significant relationship between security and structural and physical factors ,and behavior patterns. The aggregation factor has the strongest relatinship to security. Also, the indicators presented in the security factor are affected by different degrees. The gender variable has no significant difference in the mean of security, but the variables of age, marital status, educational level and occupational status have affected average satisfaction in security. So that people with a higher average age, married, graduate and house wife have higher expectations of security than other groups in their subset. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study can help managers, planners and urban designers in implementing appropriate models to create safe urban parks that meet the preferences of users. So they can implement spaces according to the needs of users by considering the wishes and priorities of each group.   Manuscript profile
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        148 - Environmental Impact of Climate Change on National Security
        Mohammad Jalali Maryam Afshari zeinab mazinanian
        10.22034/jest.2021.31956.4005
        Although the effects of climate change are threatening to the living conditions of a large part of the world, different groups of activists have failed to improve the climate regime. It is natural that those countries which are more vulnerable to climate change should f More
        Although the effects of climate change are threatening to the living conditions of a large part of the world, different groups of activists have failed to improve the climate regime. It is natural that those countries which are more vulnerable to climate change should find some ways to improve the climate by using both legal methods and other less formal methods such as identifying climate change as a security and environmental problem. Climate change and global warming are regarded as two factors, which play a significant role in threatening human security since food shortages, water scarcity, environmental degradation, poverty, disease outbreaks, and mass migration can separately lead to national security, which will undermine and contribute to the failed government scenario. In the domestic and global arena, the security of the modern government becomes meaningful with respect to superior power, and the society is considered insecure even if it faces with a lack of threats. In the modern national security discourse, we see an increase in security software, in addition to its hardware. In the wake of the development of the concept of security, especially the development of a range of national security threats, critics have suggested that civilian threats such as economic and environmental threats can, in turn, be as serious as military threats. Therefore, these threats should be considered as security threats. This article tries to provide an analysis of the impact of environmental dimensions of climate change on national security from the perspective of international environmental law, using an interdisciplinary approach. Manuscript profile
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        149 - Analysis of the Security Level in the Pedestrians and Surrounding Tissues in the Historical Regions of the City(Case Study: Alam-Alhoda Pedestrians)
        elham pourmahabadian hassan ahmadi seyyed yousef amiri
        10.30495/jest.2021.34779.4188
        Background and Objective: The purpose of this research is to analyze the security level of the walkways with the environmental safety approach in the perimeter climate, as exemplified by the Alam-Al-Hadi crossing in Rasht.Method: The research method was descriptive-anal More
        Background and Objective: The purpose of this research is to analyze the security level of the walkways with the environmental safety approach in the perimeter climate, as exemplified by the Alam-Al-Hadi crossing in Rasht.Method: The research method was descriptive-analytic and data collection was done by library and field method using a questionnaire and a survey of citizens. In this research, SPSS software was used to analyze the questionnaires.Findings: Pedestrians are one of the main urban spaces in cities and play a very important role in urban and environmental safety of people and urban activities. Therefore, it can be said that providing human and environmental safety of these spaces can be of great help to the citizens of the city. Because environmental safety is considered as one of the main components of human security and the security category is mentioned in the subsections of cities sustainability; therefore, the study of the security of the walkways and the presentation of its upgrading principles can be used to create a city, live, active and maintaining a healthy environment using renewable energy.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that after turning Alam al-Huda Street into a sidewalk, in terms of physical and environmental security issues, measures have been considered that have increased the level of security in this space; Among these measures were the impossibility of entering motor vehicles in these spaces, the control of these spaces by the police, and lighting using clean and renewable energies. In addition to these cases, other components are effective in improving security, which were addressed in this study. Manuscript profile
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        150 - Investigating the effect of fish ponds on water quality of Ghezel Ozan river
        ali afshari parisa Alamdari Ahmad GholChin Mohammad Sadegh Askari
        10.30495/jest.2022.62547.5470
        Background and Objective: Considering the importance of fish production and consumption in the human food chain and human food security, and on the other hand, the possible adverse effects of fish pond effluents on river water quality; the present study was carried out More
        Background and Objective: Considering the importance of fish production and consumption in the human food chain and human food security, and on the other hand, the possible adverse effects of fish pond effluents on river water quality; the present study was carried out by considering the effect of fish farm effluents on river water quality, with a case study on fish farms along the Great Ghezel Ozan river (from Chehelcheshmeh mountains of Kurdistan province to Manjil or Sefidrood dam). Material and Methods: Fish farms were identified based on field surveys along the river. Sampling from a depth of 0 – 10 cm from the water surface in summer (2017) With 5 samples about 500 meters before the pools (control) that were not affected by fish farming activities and 5 samples in approximately100 – 150 meters after the pools (where the effluents of fish farms entered the river) was done. Sampling and analysis of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Nitrate (NO3), Phosphate (PO4), Dissolved oxygen (DO) and Chemical oxygen demand (COD), according to the instructions in the standard methods book was done. Findings: The results indicated that the average values of the parameters in the input and output stations, respectively for pH (7.24 – 7.21), EC (2250.6 – 2282.8 dS/m), DO (7.41 – 6.94 mg/L), COD (24.94 – 29.63 mg/L), Temp (14.8 – 15.5 °C), NO3 (4.1 – 5.9 mg/L), PO4 (1.1 – 1.84 mg/L) was obtained. Discussion and Conclusion: In general, the process of acidity and oxygen parameters of the solution decreased, and the parameters of electrical conductivity, oxygen demand, chemical temperature, temperature, nitrate and phosphate, increased. Manuscript profile
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        151 - Developing strategic planning of Urban Development Model with Emphasis on Environmental security (Case Study of Tehran)
        Elham Fouladi Azita Behbahaninia Bita Azadbakht Saeed Motahari
        10.30495/jest.2022.64772.5584
        Background and Objective: Today, due to the emphasis on economic growth and wasteful use of natural and environmental resources, metropolises are faced with many problems in the field of environment and environmental security. Therefore, the use of strategic planning in More
        Background and Objective: Today, due to the emphasis on economic growth and wasteful use of natural and environmental resources, metropolises are faced with many problems in the field of environment and environmental security. Therefore, the use of strategic planning in urban development plans and emphasis on environmental components can be effective in improving conditions.Material and Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. In the present study, special questionnaires were distributed to experts in the field of environment. SWOT method was used to analyze the internal (weakness, strength) and external factors (threat and opportunity) of the city and sample test was used to test the hypothesis. The Delphi method was used to analyze the interviews and finally identify the consequences. Finally, using the Bryson Strategic Planning Model and according to their strategies and priorities, a strategic development planning model for urban development that emphasizes environmental security has been developed. Finally, strategies were prioritized using the QSPM matrix.Findings: The results of data analysis show that the most important strategy from the perspective of experts and thinkers among these components are political and regulatory components. Also, the most important strategies from the perspective of experts are the implementation of targeted plans to prevent degradation and appropriate strategies to optimally manage air quality.Discusion and Conclusion: According to studies, the environmental security situation in Tehran is in a critical situation and the most important strategies presented through the QSPM matrix include the use of pollution reduction tools, modifying the energy consumption pattern and optimizing it, preventing the spread of urbanization and Marginalization, the use of management systems and reduction of energy consumption and the implementation of targeted plans to prevent the reduction of degradation. Manuscript profile
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        152 - Investigating the effects of nuclear disarmament on climate change from the perspective of international law
        Meisam Norouzi Mehdi Eskandari Khoshgu
        Preventing nuclear war and avoiding catastrophic climate changes are two of the most fundamental challenges facing human civilization in this century. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of nuclear disarmament on climate change from the perspectiv More
        Preventing nuclear war and avoiding catastrophic climate changes are two of the most fundamental challenges facing human civilization in this century. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of nuclear disarmament on climate change from the perspective of international law. This research focuses on the potential links between nuclear energy as an option to reduce climate change and nuclear disarmament and, respectively, discusses topics such as current nuclear risks, the scale of the nuclear-climate challenge, nuclear security and Its relationship with nuclear energy, non-proliferation and disarmament, management of nuclear disarmament and basic steps to address the challenges of proliferation and disarmament and the political links between maintaining and strengthening the global non-proliferation regime, nuclear disarmament and the growth of nuclear energy It has been done on a large scale. The use of nuclear energy places unprecedented demands on global systems for the verification, control and security of weapons-usable nuclear material. Reducing or abandoning or emptying many nuclear weapons and equipment and their final ban also requires new approaches to manage the huge global stockpile of weapons-usable nuclear materials. The international community should take measures so that nuclear energy can help reduce climate change in the long term. As a result of such actions, nuclear disarmament becomes more practical, desirable, and unattainable, and lays the foundations for a world in which nuclear technology contributes to sustainable development while nuclear weapons begin to fade from the scene. Manuscript profile
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        153 - 9
        Mamak Nassiri Nasab Farah Habib
        9
        9 Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        154 - 13
        Yousef Zeinolabedin Hamid Reza Paknejad Mottaki
        13
        13 Manuscript profile
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        155 - Assessment of Environmental Management and Land Use Planning in the Airport Surrounding Areas (Case Study: Mehrabad Airport)
        Akramalmolok Lahijanian Mahshid Mohammadi
        10.30495/jest.2018.13777
        Abstract Background and Objective: Airports are the most basic parts of air transport system, and presence of new generation of modern aircrafts, rapid growth of traffic volume and demand for air travel, and adoption of coherent and precise rules and regulations for var More
        Abstract Background and Objective: Airports are the most basic parts of air transport system, and presence of new generation of modern aircrafts, rapid growth of traffic volume and demand for air travel, and adoption of coherent and precise rules and regulations for various stages of flight operations have made the airport a complex and dynamic system. The aim of this study is to perform management and land use planning using an environmental approach at Mehrabad Airport. The first hypothesis is that the airport surrounding areas are related to flight safety. The second hypothesis is that the use of the airport surronding areas is related to environmental protection, and the third hypothesis is that land management and planning affect the comfort and security of the people residing in the airport surrounding area. Method: The study was carried out through investigation of the study area using Arc GIS 9.3 software to produce geographic position maps of the area, land use areas, and communication networks. Then, by adjusting and distributing the questionnaire, the effective factors on land use management were assessed and the strengths and weaknesses of the strategic management method were identified. The questionnaires were analyzed by correlation analysis using the SPPS19 software. Findings: The findings of the first hypothesis suggest that there is a meaningful and direct relationship between the parameters of "the airport surrounding area" and "flight security". In the second hypothesis, there is a meaningful and inverse relationship between the factors "how to use the airport surrounding area" and "environmental protection". The third hypothesis indicated the meaningful and direct relationship between the variables of "land management and planning" and "comfort and security of the people residing in the airport surrounding area". Discussion and Conclusion: Results of the analysis show that among the respondents, most of the pilots (90.5%) believe that there is a strong relationship between the the airport surrounding areas and the flight safety. Only 4.8% believed that this relationship was insignificant. In contrast, 4.8% of the remaining respondants also reported this connection to be very much. Manuscript profile
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        156 - Evaluation of organophosphorus pesticide diazinon residues in greenhouse crops (Case study: Zucchini)
        Soheil Sobhanardakani Maryam Younesian Saeed Jameh Bozorgi
        Background and Objective: Today, food security is one of important issues of consumers of agricultural products. Therefore, this study was carried out for evaluation of organophosphorus pesticide diazinon residues in zucchini as a greenhouse crop. Method: In this study, More
        Background and Objective: Today, food security is one of important issues of consumers of agricultural products. Therefore, this study was carried out for evaluation of organophosphorus pesticide diazinon residues in zucchini as a greenhouse crop. Method: In this study, totally 10 specimen of zucchini were collected from greenhouses and market basket of Hamadan city. After cutting the samples and then added with acetone, the solution was filtered. Then added sodium sulfate and dichloromethane to filtered solution, we attempted to separate the lower phase. The lower phase is evaporated in the oven until was set at 2 ml. Finally diazinon residues in samples determined using a spectrophotometric method in 3 replications. The statistical calculations were done using SPSS version 18.0 statistical package. Findings: Theresults showed that the average concentration of diazinon residues in samples were 0.105±0.006, 0.093±0.003, 0.149±0.013, 0.159±0.027, 0.151±0.013, 0.147±0.018, 0.119±0.006, 0.171±0.013, 0.157±0.018, 0.140±0.027 mg kg-1, respectively and more than the maximum residue limit provided by the Codex alimentarius and the European Commission. The results of the comparison of the mean concentration of pesticide residues between samples revealed significant differences between all the samples together (p<0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, the average concentrations of diazinon residues in zucchini exceeding the maximum residue limit provided by Codex Alimentarius Commission and the European Commission. Therefore, education of farmers for optimal agricultural inputs usage, especially pesticides is recommended.   Manuscript profile
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        157 - Human Security and Challenges to the Development of Renewable Energies in Iran, with Emphasis on Environmental Security
        Seyed Masoud Mousavi shafaee Younes Noorollahi Ahad Rezayan Ghayahbashi Hossein Yousefi Ali Hossein Rezayan
        Background and Objective: Environmental security, as one of the seven dimensions of human security, has a close connection with the way of using energy resources. Energy management has an important role in achieving the sustainable development by reducing environmental More
        Background and Objective: Environmental security, as one of the seven dimensions of human security, has a close connection with the way of using energy resources. Energy management has an important role in achieving the sustainable development by reducing environmental pollution. Sustainable development would be impossible without environmental security. In other words, energy has a direct connection with security and development. Energy specialists and planners in the world believe that renewable energies should play a much prominent role in providing human energy requirement and reducing environmental pollution. Discussing future problems and developing appropriate strategies and policies can have a key role in developing renewable energies to supply some parts of energy requirement in the country. Method: The aim of this study is to discuss the benefits and opportunities for developing renewable energies in Iran based on assessment of the factors involved in related organizations, through studying the importance and developed position of renewable energy resources in Iran and the world. Some benefits of developing renewable energies include: reliable and clean energy resource, power generation with a stable price, diversification of power resources in the country to be able to do more export, power supply of electricity generation with the less ancillary costs, reaching the aims of the 4th and the 5th National Development Plan and also the potential for economic development, with emphasis on technology development and new jobs creation. in this paper, by reviewing the existing laws and policies on new energies, the necessity of sound policies for development of renewable energies in national energy plans in line with ensuring human   and environmental security, with emphasis on challenges to development of renewable energies in Iran have been investigated. Results: The results show that developing renewable energies in the world faces economical, technical, administrative and legal challenges which cause delay in development of these energies. Besides all these international barriers, development of renewable energies in Iran faces other national and local problems. Some of the major obstacles to the development of renewable energy resources in Iran includes: lack of plans and documented policies for development, lack of national and local laws concerning renewable energies, lack of knowledge about the function of these sources of energy among national planners and managers, weaknesses in human resources management as well as technology transfer barriers. Manuscript profile
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        158 - Analyzing the Impacts of Climate Change on Human Rights
        Behnoush Khoshmanesh zadeh Abbas Poorhashemi Mohammad Soltanieh Davoud Hermidas Bavand
        dramatic effect on poor and it has marginalized people all over the world, reinforcing existing vulnerabilities and deepening inequalities. The populations, whose rights are poorly protected, are likely to be less equipped to adapt to climate change effects. Climate cha More
        dramatic effect on poor and it has marginalized people all over the world, reinforcing existing vulnerabilities and deepening inequalities. The populations, whose rights are poorly protected, are likely to be less equipped to adapt to climate change effects. Climate change and human rights are further intertwined because of the potential climate change and it exacerbates existing threats to International human right laws. Also it is well placed to address that challenge and highlights some of the human and equity dimensions of climate change. The introduction provides an overview of human rights concerns raised by climate change. Material and Methods: Method is aLegal analysis and descriptive manner. Many of the content of the documents describe the content of human rights and the UN Security Council. Results and Discussion: This Paper lays out some of the legal questions that are implicated in the emerging debate on climate change and human rights and suggests ways which international human right laws could be approached in order to promote clarity in the discourse of human rights and climate change. In this work some strategies have been proposed for dealing with these existing gaps. It is expected that analyzing these gaps and determining the international community duties and commitments (governments and international organizations) can result an efficient management of this crisis and prevent the outbreak of chaos across the globe Manuscript profile
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        159 - Conceptual Modeling of Environmental Factors Influencing the Security Residential Complexes (Case Study: Residential Complexes of Hamedan City)
        Sara Jalalian Farah Habib Kianoush Zaker Haghighy
        Background and Objective: Security is one of the essential necessities of every society. Research in security issues, is a field which facilitates improvement of quality of life in residential spaces, especially in residential complexes. The assumption in this research More
        Background and Objective: Security is one of the essential necessities of every society. Research in security issues, is a field which facilitates improvement of quality of life in residential spaces, especially in residential complexes. The assumption in this research is that it could be possible to develop a model on the basis of interrelation between environment and human being and then use it for preventing crime as an anomic behavior. Method: In a qualitative approach, the context analysis is used for developing a background in crime prevention through environmental design, and then with interpretation approach and using comparative analysis method, it is attempted to investigate the environmental factors affecting the security of residential complexes. Observation, interview and questionnaire are used for data gathering. Conclusion: The findings of research are presented in a complicated model of the environmental factors affecting security issues. This model shows that socio-economic factors and then physical factors which lead to natural surveillance, access control, territoriality and image, have important roles in security improvement in residential complexes. Manuscript profile
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        160 - Examining and Comparing Security of Investment in the Stock, Gold, Exchange and Housing Market of Iran using Value at Risk (VaR) Criteria
        Gholam Reza Zomorodian Mahdi Shabanzadeh. Valiollah . Faryadras
        Investment in each country is subject to a set of variables that Security of Investment is one of the most them.Official statistics show that in the recent decades, on average, only about 12‌% of the country's real GDP has been allocated to investment in the manufacturi More
        Investment in each country is subject to a set of variables that Security of Investment is one of the most them.Official statistics show that in the recent decades, on average, only about 12‌% of the country's real GDP has been allocated to investment in the manufacturing sector, including the production of goods and services and a considerable portion of it has been absorbed into unproductive speculative activities.Accordingly, this study with purpose to examining and comparing security of investing in different markets has evaluated the risk of investing in four market including stocks, gold, currency and Iran's housing using the Value at Risk (VaR) Criteria. Also in this study to providing a more accurate analysis of the security investment based on investors' attitudes TOPSIS method has been used.All information required for the study was collected on a monthly basis for during 2002 - 2013.The result of this study showed based on VaR Criterion, the security of investment in the stock market is much lower than other markets, so investors in this market face higher risk of investments relative to other markets.Also, the result of this study showed based on TOPSIS method (according to risk and return critrias) risk averse and risk neutral Investors have the Similar behavior, So that the two groups prefer The investment in the housing market and then investment in the gold market on the parallel markets including exchange and stock. However, unlike the aforementioned groups, risk-taking investors prefered investing in the stock market and then investing in the housing market on the investment in the gold and currency markets. Manuscript profile
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        161 - A Study of E-Banking Security Measures Adopted by the Indian Public Sector Banks with an Outlook For Globalization
        Mohammad Javad Azizi Sorkhani Hamidreza Kordluei
        Nowadays e-banking services that take place through virtual and public channels play special role in the life of people around the world. Therefore, lack of security on performance of national and international banks in the context of globalization and distrust of peopl More
        Nowadays e-banking services that take place through virtual and public channels play special role in the life of people around the world. Therefore, lack of security on performance of national and international banks in the context of globalization and distrust of people to these services will lead to undesirable effects. Hence, security is one of the most important elements that will affect banking transactions and its shortage prevents the development of business. For the same reason, the need for information security is determined in the banking system. Accordingly, several factors in art infrastructural facilities (AIF) area and operational risk management (ORM) area are considerable which are presented as research variables. The results suggest that in order to provide more security in e-banking transactions, banks have to create security policies such as internet security. In addition, they need to strengthen infrastructural factors in the fields like getting access to other banks, quality of infrastructure, and reserve bank of India (RBI) activity for e-banking supported systems. Manuscript profile
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        162 - کاربرد بلاک چین خصوصی جهت افزایش امنیت در اینترنت اشیا
        رضوان محمودیه سعید پارسا امیر مسعود رحمانی
        10.30495/ijim.2022.65634.1574
        بلاک چین (BC) به دلیل تغییر ناپذیری و مزایای امنیتی و حفظ حریم خصوصی مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته است. BC پتانسیل رسیدگی به مسائل امنیتی و حریم خصوصی اینترنت اشیا (IoT) را دارد. از سوی دیگر، BC از نظر محاسباتی گران است، مقیاس پذیری محدودی دارد و هزینه های سربار و تاخیرهای More
        بلاک چین (BC) به دلیل تغییر ناپذیری و مزایای امنیتی و حفظ حریم خصوصی مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته است. BC پتانسیل رسیدگی به مسائل امنیتی و حریم خصوصی اینترنت اشیا (IoT) را دارد. از سوی دیگر، BC از نظر محاسباتی گران است، مقیاس پذیری محدودی دارد و هزینه های سربار و تاخیرهای پهنای باند قابل توجهی را متحمل می شود که آن را برای استفاده در اینترنت اشیا نامناسب می کند. در این مطالعه، ما روشی را پیشنهاد می کنیم که BC را برای استفاده در محیط IOT بهینه می کند. ما یک ساختار سلسله مراتبی ارائه می کنیم که از یک BC خصوصی برای افزایش مقیاس پذیری، کاهش سربار شبکه و تاخیر استفاده می کند. در روش پیشنهادی، دستگاه‌هایی با منابع سطح بالا، شبکه‌ای به نام شبکه همپوشانی بر روی دستگاه‌هایی با منابع سطح پایین ایجاد می‌کنند. اعضای شبکه همپوشانی BC را مدیریت می کنند. چیدمان مدیران بلوک در سطح شبکه همپوشانی دو بعدی است که تمرکز را از مدیریت IOT حذف می کند. ما از تکنیک اعتماد و رای گیری از همسایگان مستقیم برای کاهش ترافیک شبکه و هزینه های سربار استفاده می کنیم. استفاده از عواملی مانند اعتماد، تشویق و جریمه مدیران بلاک در شبکه همپوشانی، تراکنش های دقیق در IOT را تضمین می کند. ما از الگوریتم جدید احراز هویت مدیر بلوک برای احراز هویت در شبکه همپوشانی استفاده می کنیم. نتایج شبیه‌سازی نشان می‌دهد که الگوریتم پیشنهادی سربار بسته و تاخیر در ارائه خدمات را کاهش می‌دهد و مقیاس‌پذیری BC را در مقایسه با سیستمی که از پایه BC استفاده می‌کند، افزایش می‌دهد. علاوه بر این، از آنجا که در الگوریتم پیشنهادی، تعداد مدیران بلوک موثر در رای‌گیری به همسایگان مستقیم محدود می‌شود، میانگین زمان تایید یک بلوک به میزان قابل توجهی کاهش می‌یابد. Manuscript profile
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        163 - Investigating the method of intelligent defense mechanism against DDOS attacks of IOT
        reza ghaffari dizaji
        The Internet of Things is a leading technology that enables widespread connectivity of various devices to provide services and automation in various areas of daily life to critical infrastructure systems. However, these devices are vulnerable to various attacks, includi More
        The Internet of Things is a leading technology that enables widespread connectivity of various devices to provide services and automation in various areas of daily life to critical infrastructure systems. However, these devices are vulnerable to various attacks, including Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. The goal is to deploy a valid device and prevent legitimate users from accessing services or network resources. These attacks can be carried out through distributed attack resources, diverse attack resources, and traffic variations. An intelligent defense method called Flow Guardian is presented to combat these attacks. This method involves detection, identification, classification, and reduction of attacks, with two main components called Flow Filter and Flow Initiator used for identification, detection, classification, and reduction of attacks. An attack detection algorithm based on traffic variations is presented, and two machine learning models called Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) are proposed for the identification and classification of DDoS attacks. These models can be used with appropriate delay in edge servers, which have higher computational power compared to a personal computer. Solutions to overcome limitations and weaknesses in protecting Internet of Things systems against security attacks include increasing computational power and storage space, using more secure protocols, employing advanced defense techniques, and developing artificial intelligence and deep learning methods. Manuscript profile
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        164 - A review of Water, Energy, and Food Nexus in Iran: Necessity, Challenges and Suggested Solutions
        Reyhaneh Loni Mahdi Sharifzadeh
        Background and Propose: Due to the world's population grows, water, energy and food supply will be one of the most important challenges in the future. The predictions show the water, energy, and food crisis in the future of Iran and the world. The aim of this study is t More
        Background and Propose: Due to the world's population grows, water, energy and food supply will be one of the most important challenges in the future. The predictions show the water, energy, and food crisis in the future of Iran and the world. The aim of this study is to review the global challenges as well as challenges in Iran in providing the required water, energy and food resources in the coming years for human societies. The water, energy and food nexus is an overall vision of sustainability that seeks to strike a balance between different goals, interests and needs of people and the environment. The water, energy, and food nexus can be a guide for sustainable development policy in the country to overcome the environmental and water crises in the future. Research Method: In this study, while reviewing the researches conducted regarding the water, energy and food nexus in Iran and the world, it has investigated the challenges and the necessity of investigating this nexus in Iran and the world. Finding: Among the results of this research, the main challenges in the implementation of water, energy and food nexus in Iran can be mentioned, which include: sectorial policies and lack of integrated management, lack of financial resources to carry out projects related to water, energy and food nexus, lack of related information sources and lack of drafting upstream laws in the field of development of water, energy and food nexus. Discussion and Conclusion: In the end, among the conclusions of this study, it is possible to point out suggestions for the development of water, energy, and food nexus, which include: development of cooperation and coordination of all related bodies, including ministries, Islamic Council, universities, associations, companies, determining an institution for policy making and reaching a common consensus, creating and developing the infrastructure of the clearing market of affiliates, developing the digital economy for the development of new technologies related to implementation correlation plans for water, energy and food nexus, land preparation and systematic assessment of natural, social, economic and cultural factors. The reviews and results of this review article can unravel the problems predicted in the future of Iran and the world through correct management and policy. Manuscript profile
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        165 - Analysis of Crimes against the Environment in Relation to National Security and Public Order; Challenges and Solutions
        sarah ziadkhani SADEGH SALIMI ABDULALI GHAVAM
        National security can be discussed as a very important phenomenon, and one of these areas is the environmental issue, which has caused the formation of new debates under the title of environmental security. The numerous characteristics of environmental damage that have More
        National security can be discussed as a very important phenomenon, and one of these areas is the environmental issue, which has caused the formation of new debates under the title of environmental security. The numerous characteristics of environmental damage that have irreparable effects have caused this category to become a significant influence in jeopardizing national and international security and to face a serious risk to sustainable development. Green Crime has endangered the national security with its characteristics. By recognizing one of the anti-green crimes under the title of crimes against security, Iran's legal system has paid attention to the fact that environmental crimes can endanger national security in some cases. However, in other dimensions, the anti-green crime has not had a coherent criminal policy in the areas of criminal law, which is proposed to be achieved in the form of differential criminalization. This research, using descriptive-analytical method, will firstly describe the green belt and environmental security, and then, from a legal and criminological point of view, it will investigate the impact of the green belt on national security and environmental security, and will discuss the challenges and solutions in this field. Manuscript profile
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        166 - Environment Design for Urban Parks with CPTED Approach to Promote Sense of Security in Islamabad Neighborhood, Region 2nd of Tehran
        Rahele Kamali Nasim Sahraei Nejad Maryam Robati
        Abstract From the beginning of human creation, the need for security has been always as one of the basic needs of human and providing this was as one of the most important issues in human societies. On the other hand, urban parks are one of the most principal areas in u More
        Abstract From the beginning of human creation, the need for security has been always as one of the basic needs of human and providing this was as one of the most important issues in human societies. On the other hand, urban parks are one of the most principal areas in urban environment that their security issue is very crucial. The purpose of this study is to investigate the CPTED approach to promote environmental security in urban parks, however, today it is neglected the security improvement necessity and potential capacity of urban parks in decreasing or preventing crimes. The study is a descriptive-analytical research and the study area is ​​Islamabad neighborhood located in 2nd region of Tehran metropolitan’s municipality, which is an old neighborhood with unsuitable physical structure, low permeability and high rate of crime occurrence, at the same time with convenient accessibility to different point of the city. Using field studies, the present status of this neighborhood has been investigated and then using questionnaire which according to Cochran Formula had 400 participants among the park’s users, are collected their views about environmental security indicators. Finally, the collected data are analyzed using correlation analysis method, t-statistical analysis and also SWOT analysis, and then security enhancement strategies in urban parks, are presented. The results show that the present situation in this area in terms of security, is an improper condition, which the research emphasize the necessity of an urban park development with utilization of crime prevention through environmental design solutions and finally according to the proposed approaches, a strategic plan have been presented in order to develop and design the urban park.   Manuscript profile
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        167 - Assessing the Components of Social Sustainability in the Historical Bazaar of Tabriz based on the Perspectives of the Merchants
        Reza Shoari MirSaeid moosavi Mohammadreza PakdelFard Assadollah Shafizadeh
        Background and Objective: Today, despite the extensive changes in urban communities, the Bazzar has been able to maintain its social role. Considering the importance of the Bazzar as a center for social activities, the main purpose of this study is to measure the degree More
        Background and Objective: Today, despite the extensive changes in urban communities, the Bazzar has been able to maintain its social role. Considering the importance of the Bazzar as a center for social activities, the main purpose of this study is to measure the degree of social stability in the historical Bazzar of Tabriz based on the views of active traders.Material and Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical. Data analysis was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman tests. Findings: showed that all components of social sustainability are interdependent. A change in any of the components will lead to a change in the other components. Among these, the highest correlation between the component of sense of belonging and social interactions with the value of 0.902 is the correlation between the two components of social interaction and social security with the value of 0.896 and the component of sense of belonging and satisfaction with the value of 0.893 are in the next order. The lowest correlation between the identity-social monitoring component is 0.574. In comparison between the lowest correlation, the correlation between the dual variables of identity-social security and identity-sense of belonging, identity-social interactions are 0.640, 0.645 and 0.652, respectively. Accordingly, the identity component has the least degree of dependence on other components of social stability. Discussion and Conclusion: It was found that the role and importance of the Bazzar as a platform for social activities has not changed over time and is still stable in the minds of active traders in the Bazzar. Manuscript profile
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        168 - Providing Solution for Increasing Security in Residential Areas through Environmental Design, case study: five neighborhoods of Bojnord
        Mahsa Zamiri Azadeh Sharifi Noghabi
        Background and Objective: Security is considered as one of the main qualities of desirable urban spaces. Researches show that social and economic factors do not affect security independently. But the design as well as the physical layout of space can also be very much More
        Background and Objective: Security is considered as one of the main qualities of desirable urban spaces. Researches show that social and economic factors do not affect security independently. But the design as well as the physical layout of space can also be very much involved in committing or not committing crimes. The aim of this study is to identify the environmental factors affecting occurrence of crime in these neighborhood and then in the next step to provide solutions in order to increase their security. Materials and Methodology: To do so, the present study examines five neighborhoods of Bojnord; which all of them are located in the range of informal settlement and peripheral tissue. In this study, descriptive research has been used in order to collect needed data and recognize the characteristics of the neighborhood in terms of security. Analytical research like correlation and logistic regression and SPSS software have been utilized to investigate the influential rate of factors and the relationship between these components and the security of residential areas. Results: The results show that by designing landscapes and using environmental graphic issues, crime tending would be decreased. Although build green spaces in neighborhoods and improve their quality could increase the social relationships cause to decrease the crime opportunity. Discussion and Conclusion: By these results, the study suggest that considering the role of graphical design in designing neighborhoods could decrease crime that might be happening and make the secure community. Manuscript profile
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        169 - A Comparative Study of Two Components of the Prior Ignorance, Awakening and Violence Against Women, with Modern Ignorance from Qur'an’s Viewpoint
        Ali Salehi Armaki Mohammad Reza Abouei Kamal Khajeh Poor bandnaki
        10.30495/qsf.2021.679161
        Ignorance has special components and is not limited to a specific time and place, and its various fields have been discussed and criticized in the Qur'an. One of these fields is the symbol and characteristics of ignorance. Among the important cultural components of the More
        Ignorance has special components and is not limited to a specific time and place, and its various fields have been discussed and criticized in the Qur'an. One of these fields is the symbol and characteristics of ignorance. Among the important cultural components of the pre-Islamic era that are still seen in other forms in the present time in various societies, including Muslim societies, are the two issues of abortion and violence against women. Therefore, it is necessary to study and analyze these components by relying on Qur'an to identify the real face of ignorance, so that it can be used with a reformist attitude in the contemporary era. In the present study, which has been done with a descriptive-analytical approach and collecting materials from reliable sources, it can be seen that moral vices in modern ignorance have found a new place based on cultural, social and materialist views and continue like the prior ignorance. Manuscript profile
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        170 - Right to Social Security with Emphasis on Verses and Hadiths
        Somayeh Sarami Nafiseh Nekouei Mehr Atefeh Hosseini Fard Mohammad Javad Abdollahi
        One of the duties of the Islamic government is to provide security and establish order and tranquility in the growth and development of society, which should be done by using and employing various tools and facilities, and also the Islamic society has a duty to establis More
        One of the duties of the Islamic government is to provide security and establish order and tranquility in the growth and development of society, which should be done by using and employing various tools and facilities, and also the Islamic society has a duty to establish the guardianship of faith and in order to avoid disorder and chaos, to perform the life-giving duty of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil. In order to become more familiar, it is worthwhile to discuss the position of security in Islam and verses and hadiths in detail in order to be clarified Iran's thoughts and positions in this regard which are derived from the spirit of the teachings of pure Islam.In this article, it is tried to answer these questions: what order should be observed according to verses and hadiths? And whose security or military should be maintained? Various types of social security have been examined from the perspective of verses, hadiths and domestic and international laws using the library method, and the law enforcement force has been mentioned as one of the most important pillars of protecting the right to social security. Manuscript profile
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        171 - A Study on Pace Concept and the Ways to Meet it Based on Quran’s Learnings
        Fariba Hosseini Saeed Beheshti Qodsi Ahqar
        Peace and coexistence is so paid attention that international lawyers and politicians are motivated to think about their legal and executive aspects and offer solutions to meet them. Despite of some orientalists and Islamic scholars introduce Islam as a warmonger religi More
        Peace and coexistence is so paid attention that international lawyers and politicians are motivated to think about their legal and executive aspects and offer solutions to meet them. Despite of some orientalists and Islamic scholars introduce Islam as a warmonger religion, but many contemporary researchers of Islam believe that it is the religion of peace and coexistence and international friendly relations could be made. Holy Quran as an important source of education, calls its followers to peace, health and coexistence. The present research intends to study the related Verses to peace and coexistence. The method is descriptive – analytical by enjoying qualitative content analysis; the conclusions show that there are some related terms to peace in Holy Quran such as cease fire, security and amity. Manuscript profile
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        172 - شناسایی مولفه‌های امنیت سازمانی در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی به منظور ارائه مدلی جهت ارتقای آن
        ابراهیم نظری بدری شاه‌طالبی حسین‌آبادی اکبر اعتباریان خوراسگانی
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        173 - ارائه مدل عوامل موثر بر امنیت شغلی هیئت علمی دانشگاه ها با تأکید بر استقلال دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
        میترا رضایی محمدنقی ایمانی کامران محمدخانی
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        174 - الگوی ساختاری رابطه بین معنویت سازمانی، استرس شغلی، شکایات جسمانی و عدم امنیت شغلی در کارکنان حق التدریس آموزش وپرورش
        نادر سلیمانی خداداد میرزائی
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        175 - the relationship between the components of security-oriented leadership and psychological well-being with job burnout of female teachers of the first secondary level in Saveh city
        Azam Nicokar Seyyedeh Atefeh Nemeti Hashemi
        The purpose of the present study was the relationship between the components of security-oriented leadership and psychological well-being with job burnout of female teachers of the first secondary level in Saveh city. This research, it is an applied research type, and i More
        The purpose of the present study was the relationship between the components of security-oriented leadership and psychological well-being with job burnout of female teachers of the first secondary level in Saveh city. This research, it is an applied research type, and in terms of the nature and method of collecting information, it is a description of the correlation type. The statistical population included female teachers of the first secondary level of Saveh city (260 people), using the Karjesi and Morgan table, the sample size was estimated to be 152 people and they were selected by simple random sampling. Data collection was done using Mezlach's standard job burnout questionnaires, Riff's psychological well-being and Coomb's security-oriented leadership. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the validity of the questionnaires according to previous professors and researchers, and to measure the reliability of the questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha coefficients obtained for the data collection tool were 0.93, 0.71 and 0.87, respectively, which indicate the good reliability of the tools. Also, measuring the validity of the tool (face validity with the approval of experts) shows the usefulness of the tool. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The data were analyzed with the help of descriptive statistical tests (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression). examining the desired hypothesis, the relationship between the components of security-oriented leadership and psychological well-being with job burnout showed the opposite and meaningful; Therefore, security-oriented leadership and psychological well-being can play an effective role in reducing the level of job burnout of female teachers of the first secondary level in Saveh city, In the meantime, the potential observation and psychological security components of the security-oriented leadership variable played a greater role in reducing job burnout. This research can help education in order to improve the level of psychological well-being of teachers and reduce their job burnout and take steps to improve the quality and job performance of teachers. Manuscript profile
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        176 - ساخت و اعتباریابی ابزار اندازه‌گیری سبک رهبری امنیت‌مدار
        صدف خلیجیان غلام رضا شمس
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        177 - بررسی رابطه بین رهبری تحول گرا با سلامت سازمانی و امنیت شغلی مدیران مدارس شهرستان ازنا
        خلیل غفاری شیما رضایی
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        178 - تبیین مدیریت یکپارچه شهری درامنیت ورفاه محلات شهری (مطالعه موردی:شهرتبریز)
        رضا سعادتپور علویق بشیر بیگ بابایی کریم حسین زاده دلیر
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        179 - تحلیل تاثیر دلبستگی مکانی و سرمایه اجتماعی بر احساس امنیت در محلات شهر سبزوار
        سعید حسین آبادی
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        180 - ارتباط میان محیط مسکونی تک خانواری و روابط اجتماعی ایمن (مطالعه موردی : محله‌کتی‌شرقی وغربی و زرگر محله شهر بابل)
        بنیامین صالحی الاشتی معصومه هدایتی مرزبالی ودیهه ملاصالحی محمد جواد مقصودی تیلکی محمد علی رجایی ریزی
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        181 - آمایش مناطق مرزی با تاکید بر امنیت پایدار در جهت تحقق توسعه پایدار شهری از دیدگاه کارشناسان(مورد مطالعه: شهر گشت)
        خدابخش حسین بر محمودرضا انوری
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        182 - تبین عوامل موثر محیطی در ایجاد حس امنیت اجتماعی در مجتمع های مسکونی شهر رشت
        سبحان روشن فکر جورشری فرزانه اسدی ملک جهان نصرالله مولایی هشتجین
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        183 - شناسایی و تحلیل پیشران‏های پیشگیری از جرم در محلات شهری تهران در راستای توسعۀ امنیت پایدار با استفاده از معادلات ساختاری فازی ؛ مورد پژوهی: منطقۀ 17 تهران
        شهرام سلطانی عباس شیخ الاسلامی عبدالرضا اصغری
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        184 - ارزیابی و رتبه‌بندی محلات شهری براساس شاخص‌های امنیتی شهر هوشمند مطالعه موردی؛ محلات شهر زنجان
        جلیل محمدی علیرضا محمدی عطا غفاری گیلانده محمدحسن یزدانی
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        185 - ارزیابی رضایت مندی از شاخص‏ های توانمندسازی سکونتگاه‏ های غیررسمی با تأکید بر مسائل اجتماعی و اقتصادی (نمونه موردی: محله خلیل‏ آباد تبریز)
        علی اسکوئی ارس فریدون بابائی اقدم
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        186 - ریشه‌های بسط و نضج بنیادگرائی افراطی در پاکستان در راستای ایجاد امنیت ملی و منطقه‌ای با تاکید بر مرزهای مشترک ایران
        فاطمه زهرا علی محمدی حمیدرضا محمدی عزت الله عزتی
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        187 - تحلیلی بر رابطه ژئوپلیتیک قوم کرد و امنیت ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران با تمرکز بر نظریه هارتشورن
        داریوش جهانی عزت اله عزتی محمد حسن نامی
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        188 - بحران مناطق شرق و تحلیل ژئوپلیتیکی برای مدیریت برون رفت از آن
        محمدحسن نامی وحید بارانی پسیان غلامرضا سعیدی
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        189 - تحلیل احساس امنیت گردشگران با تأکید بر برنامه‌ریزی شهری (مطالعه موردی زائران کلانشهر مشهد)
        محمد حسن شربتیان پویا طوافی
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        190 - تحلیل تطبیقی احساس امنیت در قلمروهای مرزی (نمونه‌ی موردی؛ کردستان ایران و کردستان عراق)
        افشین متقی
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        191 - تأثیر هیدروپلیتیک رودخانه مرزی هیرمند بر امنیت ملی جمهوری اسلامی‌ایران
        سید عباس فروغی نعمت الهی مهدی حسنی باقری محمود شیخ اویسی
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        192 - سوء استفاده از اطفال در قاچاق مواد مخدر و تأثیر آن بر امنیت ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
        رضا سیمبر، محمد مهدی یحیی پور محمدولی کشاورز زاده عباس نجفی
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        193 - نقش گردشگری در تامین منافع ملی ایران در منطقه ژئوپلیتیک خلیج فارس
        حیدر لطفی قاسم تیموری کسرا مهمانپرست نودهی مرضیه راستاد بروجنی
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        194 - بررسی سلامت‌زیست ساکنین محلات حاشیه‌نشین از ابعاد امنیت غذایی و سلامت تغذیه (مورد پژوهش؛ محلة شادقلی‌خان قم)
        حسین حاتمی نژاد علی مهدی معصومه مهدیان بهنمیری
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        195 - پیامدهای امنیتی تحولات ژئوپولیتیکی کشور سوریه برقدرت منطقه‌ای جمهوری اسلامی ایران
        علی رحیمی عزت اله عزتی مسعود مهدوی حاجیلوئی
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        196 - تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر حس مکانی شهروندان در شهرهای جدیدمطالعه موردی: شهر جدید صدرا
        سید علی علوی حسین عزیزی اکبر خلج
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        197 - بررسی تطبیقی چارچوب تنظیمی سفر و گردشگری در کشورهای حاشیه خلیج فارس، با تاکید بر جمهوری اسلامی ایران
        رسول افضلی سیدعباس احمدی محمود واثق منوچهر جهانیان
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        198 - تحلیلی بر هیدروپلیتیک شرق ایران
        عزت‌الله عزتی محمدحسن خضری محبوبه نیک‌فرجام
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        199 - نقش امنیت و ایجاد قوانین حمایتی از گردشگران خارجی در راستای توسعه اقتصادی وگردشگری به عنوان یک راهکار بین‌المللی با استفاده از روش DEMATEL
        فاطمه دوزنده ضیابری تیمور آمار
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        200 - بررسی عوامل موثربررضایت شهروندان ازامنیت فضاهای گردشگری کلانشهرتهران
        سیدخلیل سیدعلی پور
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        201 - تحلیلی بر نقش و جایگاه چین در افغانستان و تأثیر آن بر امنیت ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
        عبداله جلالی نسب سید یحیی صفوی عزت اله عزتی
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        202 - تحلیلی بر نقش قومیت (اکراد) در سازمان میادین شهرداری تهران با توجه به تحولات خاورمیانه (با تاکید بر واگرایی و امنیت غذایی
        ناصر عسگری عزت اله عزتی عبدالرضا فرجی راد
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        203 - نقش کشور عربستان در گسترش تروریسم و تاثیر ان بر امنیت ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
        محراب هداوند میرزایی
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        204 - مطالعه تاثیر سرمایه اجتماعی بر توسعه روستایی (مطالعه موردی: روستای اسدآباد شهرستان تربت حیدریه)
        محمد حسن شربتیان احمد بخارایی پویا طوافی
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        205 - تحلیل اثرات امنیت اجتماعی در کیفیت زندگی خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان خرمدره
        وحید ریاحی آذر نوری
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        206 - تبیین ژئوپلیتیک رشد جمعیت و امنیت ملی ایران
        علیرضا محرابی روح الله نیکزاد محمد ساسانی‌پور
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        207 - استراتژی جدید ایالات متحده آمریکا و امنیت ملی افغانستان
        عبدالرضا فرجی راد بهنام شهبازی سیدهادی ساداتی محمد درخور
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        208 - نقش عوامل محیطی مؤثر برتخریب‌گرایی (وندالیسم) در کیفیت عرصه‌های عمومی شهری (نمونه موردی: محله کبابیان همدان
        علیرضا بندرآباد سحر اسماعیل پور همدانی
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        209 - آمایش مناطق مرزی، با تأکید بر ایران
        محمد حسن نامی
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        210 - خانه‌های دوم شهرنشینان در روستاها و اسکان موقت در مواقع بحران با تأکید بر پدافند غیرعامل
        آئیژ عزمی حسن حسینی امینی
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        211 - بررسی و تحلیل ساختار امنیتی خلیج فارس و تنگه هرمز در راستای الگوی امنیتی بازدارندگی با تأکید بر نقش راهبردی منطقه‌ای و بین المللی
        غلامرضا عاشوری شیدا مرتضایی
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        212 - راهکارهای کاهش خلوت منفی در فضای محلات پرتراکم به منظور رعایت حریم و خلوت اجتماعی با رویکرد افزایش امنیت شهروندان (مطالعه موردی: محله‌های شمس‌آباد و کاظم‌آباد تهران)
        سمانه جعفرمحمدی مجتبی انصاری بهمن کارگر حمید بحیرایی
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        213 - بررسی نقش سرمایه‌گذاری و طرح‌های عمرانی در توسعه صنعت گردشگری مازندران (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان سوادکوه
        مهرداد متانی محمدرضا امیری
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        214 - ارزیابی آسیب‌پذیری مسیرهای راهپیمایی و کاربری‌های آن به جهت افزایش امنیت شهری با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل (مطالعه موردی: شهر قم)
        محسن کاملی حسن حسینی امینی
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        215 - تبیین تأثیر فضای حیاتی بر امنیت منطقه‌ای (مطالعه موردی کشور عراق)
        محمود نادریان ابراهیم رومینا زهرا پیشگاهی فرد
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        216 - نقش ایران و امریکا در امنیت خلیج فارس با تأکید بر دوران بعد از انقلاب اسلامی و استراتژی فرامنطقه‌ای ایران
        ناصر اقبالی غلامرضا عاشوری عباس نجفی سجاد عالی فرجام
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        217 - ارزیابی اثرات بافت کالبدی در افزایش امنیت فضاهای شهری (مطالعه موردی: محلات شهر امیرکلا)
        رضا لحمیان
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        218 - تحلیل و بررسی رابطه جرائم افساد فی‌الارض و امنیت ملی ایران
        نغمه فرهود امیر وطنی
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        219 - بررسى نقش موقعیت لرستان از نظر ژئوپلیتیکى در رابطه با امنیت ایران
        سیاوش مرادی پور عزت اله عزتی حیدر لطفی
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        220 - الگوی روابط امنیتی ایران و پاکستان در مقابله با پدیده تروریسم از سال 2001 تا 2017
        محمد محمودی بالا گفشه علی بیژنی محمد اخباری
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        221 - Crime Prevention Rights in Religious and Jurisprudential Doctrines
        Soheila Ebrahimzade Shahrdad Darabi Vahid Nekonam
        The purpose of the present study is to review crime prevention rights in religious and jurisprudential doctrines. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the true religion of Islam, in addition to giving priority to preventing sin compare More
        The purpose of the present study is to review crime prevention rights in religious and jurisprudential doctrines. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the true religion of Islam, in addition to giving priority to preventing sin compared to mere punishment, presents valuable doctrines to sustain human dignity and to respect people's privacy while taking preventive measures. Paying attention to these doctrines will guarantee sustenance of the citizens' fundamental rights in the process of criminology prevention.   Manuscript profile
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        222 - Quranic examples of citizenship rights in economic affairs with jurisprudence
        Seyyed Mahdi Sadati Ahmad Moradkhani Seyyed Mehdi Mirdadashi
        The purpose of the present research is to analyze and examine the Qur'anic examples of citizenship rights in economic affairs. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the results indicate that the models and examples provided by the Holy Quran in relation to e More
        The purpose of the present research is to analyze and examine the Qur'anic examples of citizenship rights in economic affairs. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the results indicate that the models and examples provided by the Holy Quran in relation to economic issues and mentioned in this research can save the society from economic crises and guide it towards perfection. These teachings, like other Quranic teachings, cover all aspects of human life. The stability and survival of society depends on the existence of a dynamic and growing economy. Because Almighty God has made economic activities the source of community cohesion. This is important, it will have a great impact in other sectors as well. Through these examples, goals such as economic independence, preserving the sovereignty and political authority of Islam, providing public welfare and fighting against poverty, reducing social damage, growing comprehensive economic development and economic justice can be achieved. Manuscript profile
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        223 - Recent developments in the Middle East and National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        عباس مکرمی mohomod sotodeh arani
        Establishment of National security and protecting the country from external threats, is one of the most important foreign policy goals (including Iran). While national security is affected by the internal structures and processes, in direct contact with the surrounding More
        Establishment of National security and protecting the country from external threats, is one of the most important foreign policy goals (including Iran). While national security is affected by the internal structures and processes, in direct contact with the surrounding environment factors and regional environment. Therefore, knowledge of the local environment and its evolution, could be an important step in strengthening and maintaining the country's security. In this article in addition to I answer the main question that the most important factor for regional influence on national security mean? With using analytical_descriptive method, and inspired by the views of David. Lake and Patrick M. Morgan, on regional arrangements, first I try to express most important factors for change in the Middle East discipline. Then addition to evaluating recent developments in the Middle East, I explain the Strategy to strengthen and maintain the security of Iran. And check the hypothesis that the change in the local power structure and efforts to shape the new regional order, has the greatest impact on the Iran's security environment and by using the strategy of defense diplomacy, security threats can be controlled And to achieve an appropriate level of regional and national security. For this purpose build trust, détente and negotiations and relations between Armies, by the military diplomats, have high priority to establish order and security in the region and protect national security of the country. Manuscript profile
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        224 - Advantages and disadvantages of passive defense policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Mohammad Taghi Roostaei رضا دلاوری
        Defend against danger, has a history of the height of human history. Today, despite various threats, achieve reliable and efficient defense strategies in the field of national security to become one of the most important goals is at risk countries. Islamic Republic of I More
        Defend against danger, has a history of the height of human history. Today, despite various threats, achieve reliable and efficient defense strategies in the field of national security to become one of the most important goals is at risk countries. Islamic Republic of Iran is faced with a variety of internal and external threats, In addition to operating defense, also special considerations to dimension passive defense. The interesting point in this area is the effects of passive defense and deficiencies in the way of its implementation in Iran. So, this research's question is: the most important advantages and disadvantages of passive defense in the Islamic Republic of Iran? The study carried out a descriptive study using library and internet resources, we can say aggressive military cost overruns and reduce or prevent damage to Iran and thus strengthen deterrence force philanthropic as the most important benefits is the development and implementation of passive defense and as well as the lack of a long-term strategy for the implementation of passive defense and lack of financial resource and equipment to enemies in Iran as the most important failures of the project is known. Manuscript profile
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        225 - Concept of Security in Theory (Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism, Criticism)
        shahram askari hesn Ebrahim Anoosheh niloofarsadat emrani
        Abstract The present research aims to analyze the concept of security in Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism and Critical theories over the past time periods and the process of traditional theories development hitherto. Thinkers and politicians in particular conjecture More
        Abstract The present research aims to analyze the concept of security in Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism and Critical theories over the past time periods and the process of traditional theories development hitherto. Thinkers and politicians in particular conjecture strongly that the traditional concept of security is the purpose of the states, first and foremost, for their protection and survival in utmost self-help. The approach towards the element of security exists in the form of traditional assumptions of international relations steeped in military nature, military equipment and the dominant pessimistic perception. Thereupon achievement of absolute security has been prevailed among traditional theories, but the researcher believes that as the time goes by, Liberalism dominates and then subjectivist approaches develop, therefore the fixed meaning of security defined in terms of traditions and Realism no longer exists. Thus the concept of security undergoes changes when redefined. Meanwhile, its scope of meaning has been broadened in the form of different new concepts. By investigating the topics and opinions of the above four approaches thinkers as well as the data and the findings, this study aims to answer the following question, “To what extent has the concept of security undergone changes in the course of development of these four approaches? The provisional answer indicates that security in these approaches encompassing different ontology and epistemology methodologies in the course of time includes a variety of subject areas from new subjects with different interpretations. Manuscript profile
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        226 - The Persian Gulf Cooperation Council and the Islamic Awakening in Bahrain
        Majid Abbasi Hassan Hassani
        Bahrain is a small country but important in regional equations. The country after the independence of Iran in 1971, have always attempted to establish an alliance with regional and extra-regional powers. Because the country has problem to protection security and its ind More
        Bahrain is a small country but important in regional equations. The country after the independence of Iran in 1971, have always attempted to establish an alliance with regional and extra-regional powers. Because the country has problem to protection security and its independence. Therefore, when the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council was established in 1981, the country due to structural deficiencies and especially the lack of democracy became the membership of the council. The main purpose to joining the PGCC was to protect the country from the threats. This research by using descriptive-explanatory method to examine the causes of the internal crisis in Bahrain in 2011. The main objective of this research is to investigate the reasons of entering and the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council and its policies in this crisis. The results indicate that, since the public uprising in Bahrain started, the council has tried policies such as sent rapid reaction forces, support of government, Media campaign against opponents and alleged dependence of oppositions to Iran, support government and preserve the status quo in Bahrain. Manuscript profile
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        227 - The Place of Middle East Energy Resources in China's Foreign Policy Strategy in the Post-Cold War (Case Study of Iran and Saudi Arabia)
        Mohamadreza Adabi Davood Kiani Mashallah Heidarpour
        The Middle East region is one of the most important areas of the world that has been at the forefront of the world for many years. The obvious feature of this region is the huge reserves of oil and gas. But the issue that was highlighted in the twenty-first century is t More
        The Middle East region is one of the most important areas of the world that has been at the forefront of the world for many years. The obvious feature of this region is the huge reserves of oil and gas. But the issue that was highlighted in the twenty-first century is the rise of China and the efforts of this Asian nation after the reform period for a dynamic and effective presence in strategic areas of the world, including the Middle East, and as it needs its energy resources to grow its economy. It tries to increase its influence in various ways, including establishing widespread relations with the countries of the region. For the purpose of this study, the present paper seeks to answer the question of why China's presence in the Middle East has increased over the past few decades? The paper, which is based on a descriptive-analytic method based on the theoretical framework of mutual complex interdependence, has tested this hypothesis in response to its main question: Increasing the reliance of China's economy on imports of fossil fuels from The Middle East for economic and industrial development; the main shift in China's gradual evolution policy toward the Middle East, especially with two countries rich in energy such as Iran and Saudi Arabia, is from the principle of non-interference in the policy of expanding economic-political interactions. Manuscript profile
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        228 - Constructivist Analysis of U.S. National Security Attitudes Facing Islamic Republic of Iran
        morteza shirody tahre knani
        The present article has posed an analysis of confrontation of U.S. with Islamic Republic of Iran based on a conceptually constructivist framework and answered this question that “what role have security attitudes and imaginations of American political leaders towa More
        The present article has posed an analysis of confrontation of U.S. with Islamic Republic of Iran based on a conceptually constructivist framework and answered this question that “what role have security attitudes and imaginations of American political leaders towards Iran-America relations particularly after Revolution?” The article has hypothesized that type of attitude and perception of U.S. officials showing their ideological and supreme power has very largely influenced Iran-America relations. For constructivist concept, imaginative and mental system of people specifies how they behave and act; in fact, the hegemonic imagination that American leaders and American community have towards other people of the world and sense of responsibility and mission for rescuing other people in the world triggered materialization of hegemonic imagination and mission of democratizing the world and salvaging other people in the world by creating international climate security, kicking up horror and dismay, intervening in the affairs of other nations and attempting for subversion of established governments of those nations. The conceptual framework of this article is a constructivist idea and security attitudes of American statesmen vis-à-vis Iran have been analyzed by relying upon constructivist idea.  Manuscript profile
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        229 - A Study of Challenges and Obstacles of Formation of Cooperative Security Model in the Middle East (2001-2020)
        Saeed Amouzadeh Hossein Karimi Fard Fereidun Akbarzadeh Shahram Fattahi
        10.22034/sej.2022.1944294.1397
        The purpose of the present study is to review challenges and obstacles of formation of cooperative security models in the Middle East (2001-2020). The research relies on the hypothesis that cooperative security models have requirements such as negotiation-based models, More
        The purpose of the present study is to review challenges and obstacles of formation of cooperative security models in the Middle East (2001-2020). The research relies on the hypothesis that cooperative security models have requirements such as negotiation-based models, least disagreement in different aspects, transparency and mutual respect, not letting the interference of foreign powers in regional affairs, and having democratic governments but many of them are ignored due to various disputes and conflicts among countries in the region. The present study deals with the cooperative security model and its compatibility with the condition of countries in the Middle east within the regional security framework of Copenhagen school and a descriptive-explanatory method. The results indicate that conflicts in terms of identity, religion, and territory as well as rivalry between great powers have led to ongoing paradox and tension, arms race, lack of transparency, security puzzle, and interference of super-regional powers in the Middle East. Therefore, the cooperative security Model faces numerous challenges which need to be solved. Manuscript profile
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        230 - An Analysis of the Effect of Challenges and Conflicts Related to the Syrian Crisis on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Muhammad Ebrahimi Ali Mohseni Abbas Barjoee fard
        10.22034/sej.2023.1964977.1490
        The purpose of the present study is to review challenges and conflicts related to the Syrian crisis on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was descriptive-analytic and it was conducted using library sources and inferential and docu More
        The purpose of the present study is to review challenges and conflicts related to the Syrian crisis on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method was descriptive-analytic and it was conducted using library sources and inferential and documentary approaches. The results convey that challenges and disputes related to the Syrian crisis have aspects more than just political disagreements or ethnic, identity, and religious challenges. They are rooted in the negative interference and competition of regional and super-regional powers to gain more penetration in the Middle East. The consequences of this process on the Islamic Republic of Iran include: threatening military, political, social, and economic security which creates serious challenges for the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile
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        231 - The Judiciary Mission of the International Court of Justice against Political Performance of the Security Council in International Disputes
        Morteza Ghahremani Seyed Yaser Ziaee
        10.22034/sej.2022.1948351.1418
        The purpose of the present study is to review the judiciary mission of the International Court of Justice against the political performance of the Security Council in international disputes. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the cou More
        The purpose of the present study is to review the judiciary mission of the International Court of Justice against the political performance of the Security Council in international disputes. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the court should never avoid pursuit of solving important political disputes just because they are in terms of political issues and aspects, even though there were no provable principles in international laws. Manuscript profile
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        232 - The Transformation of National Security Discourses in the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Davood Dakhshaei Mohsen Gholipour
        10.22034/sej.2020.1909581.1261
        The purpose of the present study is to investigate the transformation of national security discourses in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Using descriptive analysis, this research study aims to critically explore the existing theories in this regard and come up with a new More
        The purpose of the present study is to investigate the transformation of national security discourses in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Using descriptive analysis, this research study aims to critically explore the existing theories in this regard and come up with a new model to analyze the course of change in national security discourses in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, this perspective is emphasized that we have always witnessed the presence of two rival discourses in the realm of politics and among the elites such that the course of discourse change cannot be analyzed in a single developmental path. The two rival discourses have been classified by some into either traditional-modern or revolutionary-national. However, the analysis of them indicates that they can be regarded as either identity-oriented or development-oriented. In reality and practical form, development in the Islamic Republic of Iran has always been categorized within the arguments and measures of the two security discourses mentioned above so that it has led to opposite ideas and incongruous policy making to achieve long term security and developmental objectives in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Because of this, one of the main features of national security issues in the Islamic Republic of Iran is lack of common consensus among the elites on the concept of national security, security policies, threats, and vulnerabilities causing crisis at the time of two aforementioned discourses’ domination. Manuscript profile
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        233 - The Principle of Resorting to Force in International Relations
        Abbas   Foladi Maryam Moradi Mohsen   Dianat
        The purpose of the present study is to review the principle of resorting to force from the view of international relations. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that resorting to force by any country against another one is condemned from th More
        The purpose of the present study is to review the principle of resorting to force from the view of international relations. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that resorting to force by any country against another one is condemned from the view of international documents including the United Nations Charter. No country is allowed to use force in international relations unless it is attacked and wants to defend itself by resorting to force. Peaceful intervention and resorting to force is permitted only if the Security Council of the United Nation detects a systematic and extensive fault in human rights which is threatening and against international peace and security. Resorting to force which involves threatening or using force without the official permission of the Security Council is regarded as a definite violation of the United Nations Charter. In case of violation of national sovereignty or human rights by any of the United Nations members, the principle of resorting to force in international relations should be applied with special care so that it won’t be regarded as a violation and unilateral application of force by more powerful countries. Manuscript profile
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        234 - The Impact of Policies on Attracting Foreign Investors on the Development of Economy and International Relations of Iran
        Seyed Azim Hossini Hamid Pishgah hadian
        10.22034/sej.2021.1915661.1276
        The purpose of the present study is to review and determine the policies and obstacles of attracting foreign investors to achieve the aim of development in the Islamic Republic of Iran in different political, social, and economic aspects by creating a secure economic at More
        The purpose of the present study is to review and determine the policies and obstacles of attracting foreign investors to achieve the aim of development in the Islamic Republic of Iran in different political, social, and economic aspects by creating a secure economic atmosphere and expanding diplomatic relations for localizing technology and promoting business. In this regard, a descriptive-analytical method was used to deal with this main question: what is the impact of recognizing drawbacks in Iran's policies about attracting foreign investors on the development of economy and expansion of diplomatic relations? The results showed that undoubtedly, economic security is one of the most basic requirements for sustainable development in developed or developing countries like Iran for attracting foreign investors and substantiation of resistive economy, adopting some policies for economic growth, increasing job opportunities, acquiring and expanding technology and administrative skills, and promoting the quality of production and the export potential of the country for making international relations. Manuscript profile
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        235 - The Place of Economic Security in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Mohsen Azizi Seyed Mehdi Fatemi
        10.22034/sej.2021.1927935.1327
        The purpose of the present study is to explain economic security and its place in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the main research question is: What is the place of economic security mechanisms in the constitution of the Islamic Republ More
        The purpose of the present study is to explain economic security and its place in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the main research question is: What is the place of economic security mechanisms in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that economic and security mechanisms in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran are quite compatible with modern frameworks and regulations of economic security that indicates the legislator’s awareness of the features of an Islamic model society as it has explicitly referred to the economic security and its indicators through various principles. The most important principle in the constitution referring to economic security is the article 43 of the constitution. Manuscript profile
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        236 - An Analysis and Assessment of Turkey’s Foreign Policy in Iraq and Its Impact on National Interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2010-2023)
        Sami Rasool  Maktouf al-Rekabi Mohammad  Torabi Mohammad Hassan   Ali Mohammad Bashir   Esmaeili
        10.22034/sej.2024.2007342.1582
        The purpose of the present research is to study Turkey’s foreign policy in front of Iraq and its impact on national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the theory of neorealism along with a descriptive-analytic method was used. The results showed More
        The purpose of the present research is to study Turkey’s foreign policy in front of Iraq and its impact on national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the theory of neorealism along with a descriptive-analytic method was used. The results showed that Turkey’s foreign policy in Iraq is based on increasing penetration, acquiring better position, and maintaining power balance with Iran which, on the one hand, has common interests for both countries, and on the other hand, involves contradictory interests. At for positive points and collaboration, this subject is rooted in the geography of 3 countries and is a function of regional environment, terrorism, and Kurds’ issue while with respect to competition, it is due to the expansion of the penetration of 2 countries in Iraq. Iran supports the policy of sustaining the status quo whereas Turkey seeks changing the current situation. Iran considers itself as an ally of Iraq while Turkey pursues hegemony and regional leadership. On the other hand, in the economic field, Turkey aims to acquire the highest share of trade and take control of energy transmission from Iraq to Europe. Therefore, it can be said that Turkey mostly uses means of soft power for its hard purposes while Iran uses components of hard power for its soft purposes. Manuscript profile
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        237 - The Lived Experience of the Governors of the Revolution in Stabilizing Post-Pahlavi Security in Iran
        Nowruz Hashemzehi Rasoul Yahai
        10.22034/sej.2022.1956572.1448
        The purpose of the present study is to review the lived experience of the governors in stabilizing post-Pahlavi security in Iran. The approach of the research is qualitative and its strategy is phenomenology. Data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and the More
        The purpose of the present study is to review the lived experience of the governors in stabilizing post-Pahlavi security in Iran. The approach of the research is qualitative and its strategy is phenomenology. Data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and the sample of study consisted of 10 governors from the first decade of the Islamic revolution who were selected by purposeful sampling based on theoretical saturation. In data analysis, the seven-step process of the Colaizzi method was used. The accuracy of the results was fortified by reviewing and confirming the interview texts by the participants, research colleagues, and with reference to historical documents. Based on the results, provision of machinery, equipment, preparation, emplacement of the fighters and people, accommodating rural refugees inside the cities, political , cultural, industrial, and economic measures for the development of Kurdestan, purging the administrations and selection of employees anew, compensation for the damages of crises, financing and spending excluded budget in the critical regions, and attempt to decrease ethnic conflicts were among the most important lived experiences of the governors in crisis management. The above-mentioned measures were under the influence of the revolution and the revolutionary governors directed their attention to the underprivileged groups and addressed their requests and attracted their forces from the poor neighborhood. Building power institutions from below and consolidation in the structure of power were two strategies that led to the competitor’s expulsion from power and dominance over the security crisis inside the country. Manuscript profile
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        238 - A Study of Russia's Political and Security Approaches to Cooperation with the Islamic Republic of Iran to Counter Fundamentalism and Terrorism in the Middle East
        Jaber Monirpour Malek Zolgadr Mahdi Khoshkhati
        10.22034/sej.2023.1980928.1541
        Today the main threat to governmental actors at the international level comes from emerging non-governmental actors, so at this point, security cooperation is needed between Russia and Iran to counter fundamentalism and terrorism in the Middle East. The purpose of the p More
        Today the main threat to governmental actors at the international level comes from emerging non-governmental actors, so at this point, security cooperation is needed between Russia and Iran to counter fundamentalism and terrorism in the Middle East. The purpose of the present study is to answer how the subject of terrorism and fundamentalism has fostered cooperation between Russia and Iran. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the theoretical approach of neorealism has been used. The research relies on the hypothesis that the common goals between two countries to counter fundamentalism have improved their cooperation and transformed bilateral ties between Tehran-Moscow. The results showed that although the level of cooperation between Iran and Russia has been improved, the complexity of globally and regionally structural and realistic approaches has removed special strategic ties between them. Manuscript profile
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        239 - Political Relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and India from a Constructivist Perspective: Opportunities and Challenges
        seyed javad Ahmadi Hasan Khodaverdi Garineh Keshishyan
        10.22034/sej.2023.1991066.1552
        The present study aims to examine the political relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and India from a constructivist perspective. The research method is descriptive-explanatory, and it seeks to answer the questions: What perceptions do the foreign policy agent More
        The present study aims to examine the political relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and India from a constructivist perspective. The research method is descriptive-explanatory, and it seeks to answer the questions: What perceptions do the foreign policy agents of Iran and India have of each other? And what are the opportunities and challenges in this relationship? The study is based on the hypothesis that the identity structure derived from the Islamic Revolution of Iran, which has extended to a structural-agent order in foreign policy, conflicts with the neoliberalism chosen by India's foreign policymakers and the ruling party. Thus, this difference in identity foundations and the structural-agent relationship in both domestic and international systems has created challenges and opportunities for both countries. Consequently, after the Islamic Revolution and Iran's withdrawal from the CENTO alliance and alignment with the West, and its joining the Non-Aligned Movement, of which India was a founding member, there was significant hope in the Islamic Republic of Iran for improved relations with India due to shared identity stemming from peaceful foreign policy and pacifism (Nehruism), which was based on non-alignment with major powers and solidarity with weaker countries. However, after the end of the Cold War and the paradigm shift in India's foreign policy from Nehruvian idealism to realism, changes in normative-identity foundations, the marginalization of the National Congress Party, the victory of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and closer ties with the West, the relations cooled. Therefore, it appears that the foreign policymakers of Iran and India may not be able to find intersubjective identity resources and shared values and norms to develop relations at a strategic level, which could be a challenge in the relations between the two countries. Manuscript profile
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        240 - A Study of the Security Consequences of Attracting Foreign Direct Investment to the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Shahram Saadatmand Hosein Ahmadi Masoud Hemmat
        10.22034/sej.2023.1974642.1522
        The purpose of the present research is to study security consequences of attracting foreign direct investment to the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method is descriptive-analytic and it emphasizes on the hypothesis that in addition to the advantages of attractin More
        The purpose of the present research is to study security consequences of attracting foreign direct investment to the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method is descriptive-analytic and it emphasizes on the hypothesis that in addition to the advantages of attracting foreign direct investment to the country, the security consequences of this issue are among some of the most effective factors on how much foreign direct investments are attracted to the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research results reveal that efficient management and accurate planning by the executive organizations and the economic diplomacy in the country would moderate security concerns and thus attracting foreign direct investment can foster national security and solidarity in the country. Manuscript profile
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        241 - A Study of the Backgrounds and Causes behind Iran-Russia's Strategic Coalition in Syria
        Morteza Rafieibasiri Mahdi Javdani Moqaddam Davood kiani
        10.22034/sej.2022.1953255.1433
        Cooperation in the management of the Syrian crisis is considered a new field in the process of collaboration between Iran and Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In this regard, there are two different views about the strategic or tactical perspective of r More
        Cooperation in the management of the Syrian crisis is considered a new field in the process of collaboration between Iran and Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In this regard, there are two different views about the strategic or tactical perspective of relations between two countries inside and outside Syria. Within this framework, the main research question of the present study is: what are the main reasons behind Iran-Russia cooperation in the Syrian war and what is the perspective of the strategic coalition between two countries? The research method is descriptive-analytic and it relies on the hypothesis that since Iran and Russia had long term political-economic interests and also a common enemy in Syria, operational cooperation between two countries in the level of strategic coalition started which successfully led to the stabilization of the Syrian government and provision of the common interests of Iran and Russia. Yet, their strategic coalition in Syria and globally is under the influence of historic perceptions underlying relations between two countries especially, from the view of some Iranian and Russian elites and it would create an important challenge in transition to their strategic alliance in international policy. Accordingly, the research results confirm their strategic coalition but reject their strategic alliance. Iran has always supported the stability of its neighboring countries. The most important threat to Iran is lack of government or having a weak government in the neighboring countries as the instability would penetrate into the territories of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It seems that the Russian federation is also afraid of extension of the Syrian crisis to enter its southern territories. Lack of government in the neighboring countries would be a basis for the emergence of some groups such as ISIS and so on which can possibly be used by regional and trans-regional competitive powers. From this view, one of the important threats to the national security of Iran and Russia is lack of government or having weak governments in their neighboring countries because in this situation regional and trans-regional powers as well as terrorist groups can plan and organize to challenge the national security of two countries. Manuscript profile
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        242 - Security Challenges Arising from Globalization in the Middle East and Their Impact on the Foreign Policy Strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia
        Fazel Hassanzadeh Amin  Ravanbod Ghafar  Zarei
        10.22034/sej.2024.1998385.1563
        In the past few years, we have seen developments in the Middle East region. The Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia are two important and influential countries in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East. During the last four decades after the Islamic Revolution, Saud More
        In the past few years, we have seen developments in the Middle East region. The Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia are two important and influential countries in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East. During the last four decades after the Islamic Revolution, Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran have undergone many changes in their relations. The purpose of this research is to investigate the security challenges caused by globalization in the Middle East and its impact on the adoption of foreign policy strategies of the two countries. Was. The method used in this research is the descriptive-analytical method. In this method, the analysis of information is based on the historical review of the events related to the subject, as well as the data based on the analysis of details in the overall structure, and the foreign policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia are identified using reliable sources. The results of the research showed that Saudi Arabia seeks to improve its regional position against the Islamic Republic of Iran, and with this goal, it has entered into regional crises, and in this regard, the policies adopted by the two regimes have caused divergence and divisive tensions in regional level, the result of which has been nothing but the rise and spread of terrorists in the region, the presence of western countries under the pretext of fighting it, and the overall decrease in the security of the region. Manuscript profile
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        243 - Regional trends of Iran in relation to the security crisis in Afghanistan
        reza simbar danyal rezapoor ali eskandarinasab
        10.22034/sej.2019.668901
        The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factors mitigating the Afghan security crisis and the strengthening of Iran's relations with Afghanistan. The research was conducted using inferential analysis in the framework of descriptive and analytical method. More
        The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factors mitigating the Afghan security crisis and the strengthening of Iran's relations with Afghanistan. The research was conducted using inferential analysis in the framework of descriptive and analytical method. The results show that in Afghanistan, a complex and multilayered combination of economic factors, socio-religious structures, and political and legitimacy factors has triggered a security crisis. Iran can adopt an economic and cultural approach to relations with the countries of the region to strategically align with Afghanistan and maintain its security environment while avoiding disagreements, cultural differences and economic needs of the two sides. In fact, at this point in time, Iran needs a great deal of forethought, rational planning and diplomatic skill to achieve the degree it deserves, and its exceptional advantages in the region. Iran must first seek to regionalize existing security measures. Paying attention to isolated national security on the one hand and the imposition of international security measures on the other hand does not guarantee Iran's national security and sometimes even threatens it. Manuscript profile
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        244 - Nitro Zeus, a confrontation between America's international policies and the Islamic Republic's sovereignty model after a half century of challenge
        reza jalali ali akbar amini amirhossein zarei mahmod abadi
        10.22034/sej.2019.665752
        The purpose of the present study is to analyze opposing policies of Iran and the US, particularly in the four decades after the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and the data were gathered with a library method. The results i More
        The purpose of the present study is to analyze opposing policies of Iran and the US, particularly in the four decades after the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and the data were gathered with a library method. The results indicated that a military confrontation with the Islamic Republic of Iran is extremely strenuous and costly, and the United States know it for sure that the abandonment of sovereignty in Iran is impossible even with a nuclear attack by them, unless it is accompanied by people and physical presence on Iran's soil. Iranians have unique identities, as they become united in difficulty, and no alternative can be envisaged for this unique historical sovereignty coalesced with Islamism, Iranianism together with their ethnic and racial identity in Iran. The only way is to accept the absolute sovereignty of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the basis of absolute Guardianship of Islamic Jurist; that is, both parties, particularly the United States, should live up to international rules and treaties, which in turn leads to a constructive and mutual interaction between both parties in the long run. Inclusive confrontation with Iran, ranging from nuclear attack to Nitro Zeus, no matter how strong they are, are not sufficient for an encounter with Iran. And, since there is no alternative to this model of sovereignty given the complex and multilayered identity of Iranian culture, it is evident that compliance with the new global order and embracing Iran is the only solution for putting an end to this challenge from the last half century. Manuscript profile
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        245 - The normalization of tension in US-Iran relations from the perspective of ontological security
        farideh amani Abas mokarami mohhamad sotode
        10.22034/sej.2019.667451
        Relations between Iran and the United States have undergone tensions and divergences after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. So that perspective of both countries regarding international issues is in contrast with each other. Although each of these two countries, at some More
        Relations between Iran and the United States have undergone tensions and divergences after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. So that perspective of both countries regarding international issues is in contrast with each other. Although each of these two countries, at some points, tried to talk about a number of issues that guaranteed their security and mutual benefits, but many factors interrupted it and prevented detente in bilateral relations between the two countries. Bilateral relations have been established between the two countries. Accordingly, the question is why, despite the direct and indirect contacts and negotiations between the two countries, Iran and the United States have not yet established their bilateral official relations?.Based on the theory of ontological security, it is assumed that the hostility of Iran and the United States due to basic conflict has become common for both countries, and none of these two countries want to unsettle these normal relations and endanger its ontological security by establishing official relations.The findings of this study indicate that, given the continuous lack of official relations and lasting hostility between the parties for many decades and also giving identification basic disputes, ontological security has become very important to them. This paper uses a descriptive analytical method to advance its hypothesis. Manuscript profile
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        246 - نقش طراحی معماری خلاقانه و هوشمندانه در آسایش و امنیت فضاهای شهری جامعه نمونه موردی؛ شهرک مسکونی شهرستان دماوند
        ایرج ابراهیمی بسابی حدیثه کامران کسمایی
        Manuscript profile
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        247 - مطالعه ترس از جرم در بین شهروندان اردبیلی
        طاها عشایری محسن نیازی اصغر وثوقی اصل
        Manuscript profile
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        248 - Investigating the effect of moral values and social trust on the sense of security (Research among Abhari citizens)
        Manijeh Karami Afsaneh Edrisi
        Social security is one of the basic indicators of human well-being and the growth of society and its individuals depends on meeting this basic need. Providing this platform is very important both in the objective dimension (protection against danger) and in its mental d More
        Social security is one of the basic indicators of human well-being and the growth of society and its individuals depends on meeting this basic need. Providing this platform is very important both in the objective dimension (protection against danger) and in its mental dimension (the feeling of safety, which is the same feeling of security in society). Social security is affected by several factors. In the present study, among the various variables that affect social security, the effect of moral values ​​and social trust on the sense of security among Abhari citizens has been investigated. The statistical population of this study is all citizens aged 18 and over in Abhar in 1398. The 360-sample sample of this study was selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The research method was survey and data collection were by questionnaire. Findings showed that the variables of moral values ​​and social trust affect the feeling of security. Among the dimensions of feeling of security, the feeling of economic security of citizens is low. The relationship between age and sense of security was also confirmed. The feeling of security is explained by 0.28 by the variable of moral values ​​and 0.07 by the variable of social trust. The results showed that the feeling of security is related to moral values ​​and social trust, so the attention of officials to increase trust and internalize moral values ​​can be a positive step in the process of promoting a sense of security in citizens. Manuscript profile
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        249 - مطالعه ترس از جرم در بین شهروندان اردبیلی
        طاها عشایری محسن نیازی اصغر وثوقی اصل
        Manuscript profile
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        250 - Presenting the precedent model of women's sense of social security (Case study: girls and women in Sari)
        Fezeh Noorpoor
        Women's security is one of the most important social issues in all societies. The experience of various countries, including Iran, shows that the sense of social security of women, in addition to disciplinary measures, is also influenced by other factors, which can be a More
        Women's security is one of the most important social issues in all societies. The experience of various countries, including Iran, shows that the sense of social security of women, in addition to disciplinary measures, is also influenced by other factors, which can be addressed with important practical guidelines. Therefore, the present study aims to provide a model of the antecedents of women's sense of social security. This study has been done in terms of applied purpose and in terms of nature and form of implementation in a descriptive-survey manner. The statistical population of this study is all women and girls’ citizens of Sari (unlimited population) from which a sample of 200 people has been selected using the specific formula for sample size in structural equation modeling. To collect the data, a self-administered questionnaire including 5 dimensions and 25 items was used, the validity of which was confirmed by face-content method and construct validity. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was above 0.7, which indicates the acceptable reliability of the measurement tool. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Based on the results obtained in this study, it was found that all four factors, including physical factors, individual factors, socio-cultural factors and disciplinary factors have a positive and significant effect on women's sense of social security. Calculation of goodness-of-fit indices also showed that the structural model proposed in this study has a good fit. Finally, based on the research findings, some suggestions are presented. Keywords: Social Responsibility, Iranian Ports Organization, Sustainable Development, Mixed Research Method. Manuscript profile
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        251 - نقش طراحی معماری خلاقانه و هوشمندانه در آسایش و امنیت اجتماعی فضاهای شهری. نمونه مورد مطالعه : شهرک مسکونی در شهرستان دماوند
        ایرج ابراهیمی بسابی حدیثه کامران کسمایی
        Manuscript profile
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        252 - Relationship between Financial Socialization and Financial Well-being and Intermediary Role of Financial Security
        Alireza Hooshmandi Omid pourheidari Amirhossein Taebi Noghondari
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between financial socialization and financial well-being, considering the mediating role of financial security. The applied research method is survey type. Accordingly, 450 questionnaires were received onli More
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between financial socialization and financial well-being, considering the mediating role of financial security. The applied research method is survey type. Accordingly, 450 questionnaires were received online from investors in Tehran Stock Exchange and 420 questionnaires were accepted. For data analysis, structural equation method (SEM) were used. Also, the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method has been used to estimate the value of unknown parameters. The findings of the research indicate that there is a positive and significant direct and indirect relationship between financial socialization and financial well-being. On the other hand, the findings showed that the complete model has a better fit than the indirect model, which indicates the mediation of financial security. That is, financial security has partially explained the relationship between financial socialization and financial well-being. The present study has explained the concept of financial security in building the relationship between financial socialization and financial well-being by using the principles of behavioral finance. The results of this research have provided valuable information for people to identify and understand various psychological characteristics that can lead to the creation of satisfactory and safe investments so that people can protect their investments from various risks with greater peace of mind. Manuscript profile
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        253 - The Effect of Participative Leadership on Perceived Job Security among Employees of Irik Steel Company: Mediating Role of Psychological Healthy Workplace
        Nazila Forouhan Ali Mehdad
        The main purpose of this research was to study the effect of participative leadership on perceived job security with considering Mediating role of psychological healthy workplace. The study was correlational and population included all employees of the Isfahan Irik stee More
        The main purpose of this research was to study the effect of participative leadership on perceived job security with considering Mediating role of psychological healthy workplace. The study was correlational and population included all employees of the Isfahan Irik steel company (working there, in winter 1394). Of which, 160 people were selected through convenience sampling method. Research instruments consisted of Participative Leadership Questionnaire by Nemaei (2012), Psychological Healthy Workplace Questionnaire by Mehdad (2011) and Perceived Job Security Questionnaire by Fransis & Barling (2005). Data were analyzed with use of Structural Equation Model (SEM) and result revealed that there is significant direct effect of participative leadership on psychological healthy workplace, psychological healthy workplace on perceived job insecurity and participative leadership on perceived job insecurity (p< 0.01). Moreower, there are significant indirect effect of participative leadership on perceived job insecurity through psychological healthy workplace (p< 0.01). Hence, psychological healthy workplace could significantly mediate participative leadership style and perceived job security relationships and based on research’s results, psychological healthy workplace could be increased through participative leadership style and perceived job security could be increased through psychological healthy workplace. Manuscript profile
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        254 - Improvement of IOT Security in ZigBee Network Using AES256 Algorithm
        MohammadJavad Zand Mohammad Tahghighi Sharabian
        Introduction: The Internet of Things is a new paradigm in the information technology industry that provides a new future for the Internet by integrating users, computing systems, and almost all objects. ZigBee technology is one of the most popular wireless technologies More
        Introduction: The Internet of Things is a new paradigm in the information technology industry that provides a new future for the Internet by integrating users, computing systems, and almost all objects. ZigBee technology is one of the most popular wireless technologies used to connect Internet of Things devices. This technology creates a hierarchical network to enable a number of devices to communicate with each other. The development of services based on the Internet of Things requires improved levels of security and confidentiality. To ensure the confidentiality of information during data transmission, the most common method is data encryption. Lightweight cryptography has been proposed as a concept for managing security in resource-constrained devices, which are the major constituent of the Internet of Things. Lightweight cryptography is based on conventional cryptography principles but aims to design algorithms with little hardware and software footprint. The concept of style extends to methods of decoding and maintaining a balance between performance, security, and cost of algorithms. In this article, the AES algorithm is evaluated as a lightweight algorithm.Method: In this article, an encryption method with a 256-bit symmetric key with AES standard is proposed, and the information packet that includes application data and authentication information is encrypted and then decrypted by the proposed algorithm  Both AES128 (common) and AES256 (recommended) methods are implemented to improve information security, and the impact of the password size is also analyzed.Results: The proposed method is compared against the legacy AED128 method. The simulation results substantiate that the proposed method reaches a higher level of security by increasing the data decryption time. Even though this improvement has incurred extra computation costs the results show this cost is acceptable.Discussion: In the proposed method of research, compared to the previous methods, an upgraded method in terms of data security has been used to encrypt the input data in such a way that the data extraction cost is increased and an elevated level of the data security is reached, which This is very useful in improving the security of IoT systems. Manuscript profile
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        255 - Preventive security architecture of computer systems
        Yasaman Pouladzadeh Nasser Modiri
        Introduction: Despite the significant growth of theoretical teaching methods and the development of teaching aids, there are still many problems in the education system, especially in universities. In similar conditions, the challenges of education and problems after gr More
        Introduction: Despite the significant growth of theoretical teaching methods and the development of teaching aids, there are still many problems in the education system, especially in universities. In similar conditions, the challenges of education and problems after graduation in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are more obvious. Although today there is a large amount of research on how to deal with the issues related to the quality of education, these methods were generally not successful and most of those who finish a degree in the university, are usually unprepared. They are not required to enter the labor market. In this article, a hybrid method called HEAL is introduced, which is especially effective in STEM education. This proposed approach can be considered a combination of teaching and learning and is a transformation that leads a person from being a mere student to becoming an active learner. The main idea of this approach is based on the fact that in university, a student is expected to be a researcher of knowledge, unlike a student who acquires knowledge through education.Method: hybrid education and learning (HEAL) is a skill-based, time-based method of instruction that combines face-to-face learning and virtual learning. Proficiency-oriented, time-based education provides a model in which students who fail to earn a passing grade or complete a course during a semester are given time to demonstrate competency.Findings: The basic philosophy of HEAL is to prove the skills and abilities of students, with an approach similar to the driver's license test. This means that if the test is failed, the learner is given an opportunity to improve and try another way to demonstrate mastery. The financial capability of universities is the most important factor in making this approach operational. However, this financial burden is negligible compared to course repetition, delayed graduation, and sometimes even more academic failure. HEAL removes the fear of exams and failure and increases the love of learning.Discussion: The combination of face-to-face and virtual learning can become a wider trend in the university. While we must remember the fact that nothing can replace face-to-face training and the need for student-faculty interaction. In this research, a method for teaching in universities was discussed, in which time-based and competency-based education are combined with face-to-face and virtual learning, which can be a successful approach with the aim of reducing academic retention. Manuscript profile
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        256 - Improving the security of image watermarking based on the combination of discrete wavelet transform, singular value decomposition and discrete cosine conversion methods
        hossein nematizadeh Mohammad Tahghighi Sharabian
        Introduction: One of the methods of ensuring information security is the use of encryption methods, but these methods are not able to hide the existence of information. In order to hide information, algorithms called Steganography have been created. Steganography&n More
        Introduction: One of the methods of ensuring information security is the use of encryption methods, but these methods are not able to hide the existence of information. In order to hide information, algorithms called Steganography have been created. Steganography is the method of hiding important data in a file or ordinary message, in order to prevent detection by others. This secret information is extracted to the original state at the destination. The use of Steganography can be combined with encryption as an additional step to hide or protect data. Steganography can be used to hide almost any type of digital content, including text, images, video, or audio content. Often the content to be hidden is encrypted before the Steganography process to provide an extra layer of protection. Steganography is more focused on keeping information hidden, while cryptography is more involved with the issue of ensuring access to information. According to the type of cover signal and also the insertion algorithm, different steganography methods have been presented, which in terms of hiding capacity and security are different. This issue has also led to reproduction, redistribution, and illegal digital media. Since copying and changing digital data has become easy and undetectable, its investigation is also of great importance.Method: In this article, a new method for non-blind image hiding that is resistant to affine transformation and normal image manipulation is used. The proposed Steganography method is based on additive discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. After using RWDT for overlay and hidden images, we use SVD for their LL subbands. Then we modify the singular values of the overlay image using the singular values of the visual masker.Result: Analytical studies on the extracted watermarked image show that the Steganography method is capable and resistant against Salt & Pepper attacks with a scale of 0.1 out of 1.0 and Gaussian attack with a rate of 0.01 and the watermarked image is well recovered. Discussion: One of the most common cryptography techniques in the field of transformation is the modification of the coefficients obtained from the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of the image mask. The proposed algorithm has a good performance against rotation and cutting attacks, also the Steganography based on multiple SVD has performed poorly against these two attacks.  Manuscript profile
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        257 - A Two-Layered Trust Management Approach in Software Defined Wireless Sensor Networks
        Navid Mohammad Ebadati Esfahani Mehrdad Ashtiani Nasrin Hamzelou
         Background and Purpose: The main purpose of software-defined networks is to separate data from the control. That is, the elements are obtained through centralized remote controllers, rather than through distributed control protocols. Identifying a trusted node fro More
         Background and Purpose: The main purpose of software-defined networks is to separate data from the control. That is, the elements are obtained through centralized remote controllers, rather than through distributed control protocols. Identifying a trusted node from an unsafe node is also one of the challenges in this area. By finding and removing malicious nodes from secure nodes, packets are re-sent and energy is prevented, and network life is increased. On the other hand, the existence of hostile nodes to collect information or destroy sensitive data, as well as disabling the network and disrupting it in various ways, has made this area of ​​great importance. In cases where the workspace and environment are secured, the sensor node may become a selfish node for the rest of its life, refusing to send or receive information. In this way, the data that exists in the previous path to the destination node will never be collected and without trust management, the validity of the received information will remain unclear. Therefore, the failure of a sensor node or its death due to lack of energy should not cause failure or disruption of the entire network, and the existence of various routes to send data using the calculated trust can be considered as a way to do this. Even so, they are often controlled in a distributed way. However, their potential challenges are more complex and can theoretically be solved with better network knowledge. In software-defined wireless sensor networks, security and energy are two critical issues. However, few studies have provided these two aspects simultaneously. With the widespread deployment and use of sensor networks, security and trust management issues are becoming a major concern. So far, the main focus of different research has been on building practical and useful sensor networks, with less emphasis on security.Methods: This research examines the security challenges in software-defined wireless sensor networks and summarizes the key issues that need to be addressed to achieve security. In this study, sensors were studied that, to conserve their energy, became selfish nodes and refused to receive or send data. Trust in such nodes will be discussed through the four criteria of honesty, intimacy, energy, and humility. In this regard and as the first step, the clustering is taking place by a software-defined network, to cluster the number of distributed sensors. For this purpose, the combination of two algorithms, which are k-means and kNN, is done based on the number of sensors used by the software-defined network, and then the optimal routing, which is based on energy consumption and trust priority is considered.Results: The proposed model is deployed for three different scenarios, with 50, 100, and 200 sensors with random distribution. Furthermore, some safe methods for achieving security in wireless sensor networks are described, and finally, a proposed integrated approach based on trust to ensure the security of sensor networks is presented.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study show that the proposed model has been able to have optimal energy consumption due to building trust. Manuscript profile
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        258 - The effect of the organizational approach in knowledge sharing on the performance of information security management
        edris abbaszadeh mohamadreza sanaei Reza Ehtesham Rasii
        Introduction: The rapid movement of countries toward the information society has caused the vast growth of information systems and services and the emergence of a new type of organization called virtual organization, which are information-based organizations. Considerin More
        Introduction: The rapid movement of countries toward the information society has caused the vast growth of information systems and services and the emergence of a new type of organization called virtual organization, which are information-based organizations. Considering the role of information as a valuable commodity in these organizations, the existence of security risks and threats that arise in the virtual environment and through the Internet connection, it is necessary to protect this information and to achieve this The goal of every organization depends on its level of information requires the design of an information security management system so that it can identify and manage the threats that the organization is exposed to and protect its information assets against these attacks and the security of the organization's information. Continuously improving considering the importance of the role of current information in every organization, it seems vital to use information security management systems to set up, implement, control, check, maintain and improve information security.Method: This study filled the gap in previous writings by considering organizational methods in the study of information security management. A framework was developed based on the framework proposed in the recent work of Perez Gonzalez et al. This framework examined three organizational factors: information security knowledge sharing, observability, and science. In this study, Gonzalez's framework was modified to include two additional organizational factors: commitment and information security learning.Results: This study identifies the need for managers and decision-makers to consider the role of employees in information security. Managers can influence the levels of motivation, loyalty, and innovative risk-taking of their employees to create an ethical relationship in the organization.Discussion: This study investigated and analyzed the effects of information security organizational measures (information security knowledge sharing, learning, security observability, security training, and commitment in an organization) on the information security management performance of small and medium companies. The findings show that information security knowledge sharing, learning, and security observability have a significant effect on security performance. In addition, this study clarifies the importance of learning information security and recording acquired knowledge in the commitment of an organization. Regarding information security knowledge sharing, information security learning, and security observability, the results show their positive effect on the information security performance of small and medium companies.  Manuscript profile
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        259 - A New Protocol for Lightweight Anonymous Authentication with Leading Security in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on IoT
        Maryam Rajabzadeh Asaar Pouya Derakhshan Barjoei
        Abstract: Due to the fact that this research was aimed at providing a lightweight protocol, therefore, by checking and analyzing, we will show that the protocol proposed in this research is superior to the protocols of Fotuhi and colleagues in some aspects of security a More
        Abstract: Due to the fact that this research was aimed at providing a lightweight protocol, therefore, by checking and analyzing, we will show that the protocol proposed in this research is superior to the protocols of Fotuhi and colleagues in some aspects of security and computing[1]. The proposed protocol will be reviewed and shown, as claimed. It was found that the proposed protocol has both the characteristic of being lightweight and the characteristic of advanced security. By analyzing the security of the protocol, we showed that their proposed protocol is resistant to malicious port and asynchrony attacks. Introduction The Internet of Things includes an interconnected network that enables various types of communication and plays a critical role in the development of smart services to support and improve the activities of individuals and society. One of the most important concerns of those who use wireless networks is access information through the public channel considering security and privacy. Authentication is therefore important so that no entity, person, or non-virtual device can abuse the network and by maintaining the privacy of users who are using the network. Important information does not reach these people. Method We presented a protocol that, in addition to the mentioned features, it also has the feature of two-way authentication. The proposed protocol model consists of three main components which all three entities have already been approved at the registration stage and can communicate with each other to verify their identity. The overall goal is for both the user and the sensor to verify each other's authorization, which is verified by the gateway. This protocol is safe against attacks and finally compared the proposed protocol with the previous and based protocol. Results our outcomes from the proposed method showed that the proposed protocol is 24% in computing overhead and 26% Improves telecommunication overhead. Discussion In this research, an attempt was made to provide a protocol that would bring sufficient security requirements without the use of a smart card. Also, unauthorized users cannot access the protocol stages by ways such as repetition attacks, identity forgery, lack of synchronization between the sensor and the user, the ability to track and capture the sensor. Manuscript profile
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        260 - A Review of Signal Security Protocols Suitable for Power-Limited Hardware
        Mohsen Mousavi
        10.30486/teeges.2024.2004141.1121
        Instant messengers have been popularized by users for private and business communication as an alternative to the cheap short message system in mobile phones with limited computing power. However, until recently, most mobile messaging applications did not protect the co More
        Instant messengers have been popularized by users for private and business communication as an alternative to the cheap short message system in mobile phones with limited computing power. However, until recently, most mobile messaging applications did not protect the confidentiality or integrity of messages. Due to reports of communications being intercepted by intelligence services such as the NSA, people have been motivated to look for alternative messengers to maintain the security and privacy of their communications on the Internet. Initially, with Facebook's purchase of the popular messaging app WhatsApp, other apps claiming to offer secure communications gained significant new users. One messaging app that claims to offer secure instant messaging features and has garnered a lot of attention is TextSecure Messenger. Next, Signal Messenger, which is considered the successor of TextSecure, uses the protocols available in this messenger to exchange text messages. Considering that the WhatsApp messenger is based on the signal protocol, in this article a complete description of the encryption complexity of the signal protocol is presented. In the following, a security analysis of the three main components of this protocol including: key exchange, key extraction and authentication in encrypted messages is described. It has also been shown that the process of sending and displaying messages in this protocol can achieve most of the security goals. Finally, the role of quantum attacks that resulted from the computing power of quantum computers in solving classical asymmetric cryptography problems in the security of the key agreement protocol used in the Signal was checked. It is also shown that the use of Post-Quantum key exchange cryptographic protocols can secure the key agreement part of the Signal protocol against attacks by quantum algorithms. Manuscript profile
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        261 - Review and Analysis of Security from the Perspective of Mystics
        Bahman Amini Sadeh alireza Saberyan Reza Kohsary
        One of the central concepts in the issues of governance in Islam is security, which has been emphasized according to verses and hadiths.For a long time, one of the main concerns of human beings has been to provide security in various areas of life. Many wars and peace h More
        One of the central concepts in the issues of governance in Islam is security, which has been emphasized according to verses and hadiths.For a long time, one of the main concerns of human beings has been to provide security in various areas of life. Many wars and peace have taken place and continue to provide security.Security in Islam, in terms of the term and concept, has a wide and comprehensive dimension and horizon.On the other hand, in a society, one of the most important functions of the governing body is to provide security in all dimensions and areas.This is something that in Islamic-based governments, in addition to modern theoretical support, also benefits from the fountain of Islamic thought. The Qur'an and Sunnah have stated the duty of the government in providing security as a task. Islamic mysticism has not been deprived of this issue and security has appeared and updated with different types and examples in the words of mystics. This research intends to address this basic issue for the first time. The results of the research indicate that mystics look at security following the Qur'an and Sunnah as a possibility for worldly and otherworldly happiness, and mystics' view of following the Qur'an is based on the practical implementation of security in society. Manuscript profile
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        262 - Right of Psychological Security with an Emphasis on Islamic Mystical Ideas of Imam Khomeini
        Atefeh Hoseini fard Somaieh Sarami Nafiseh Nekouimehr
        Security is one of the basic needs of human instinct so that one of the essential concerns of human being has been security in various areas of life. A lot of wars and peace have always occurred to provide and maintain security. From Islamic perspective, security has a More
        Security is one of the basic needs of human instinct so that one of the essential concerns of human being has been security in various areas of life. A lot of wars and peace have always occurred to provide and maintain security. From Islamic perspective, security has a widespread dimension and horizon and conclusive in terms of meaning and expression so much that it refers to the whole small and big issues of personal and collective human life in all areas philosophically. In fact security is the most critical need of human being to the extent that one can say the existence of governments, states, and public institutions are affected by such a human need. Accordingly, the subject of security has always been to the attention of all intellectual of communities. Out of discussions on security, "mental security" is one the most important and most critical subjects in human life in which the provision and attention to that is inevitable. As human being is a complicated and wonderful creature, so is his security. This is especially prevalent with mental security. Mystically, human psyche that is affected by all internal and external causes reacts. Thus, in terms of personal or social mental health and hygiene, all reasons and causes should be taken into account. Security is a complex word and practically is of vast expanse. Security covers the range from the most internal thoughts and emotions to the most important issues among governments. Due to the points discussed in this paper, the writer tried to extract and analyze the solutions for making psychological security and the barriers. Respectively, this paper makes a conclusion over psychological security and later the solutions and barriers to make it is analyzed through the supreme leader's viewpoint. Manuscript profile
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        263 - Evaluating the effects of participation and commitment of the local community and sustainable security on the realization of balanced and sustainable urban development (case study: Naqdeh city)
        Zahra Mohammadi Reza Valizadeh Ali Panahi
        10.30495/juepd.2022.694818
        One of the most important steps to achieve balanced and sustainable development is identifying and adapting the city's capacities with balanced and suitable development capacities to utilize maximum capacity service capacities. The unbalanced development of Naqadeh city More
        One of the most important steps to achieve balanced and sustainable development is identifying and adapting the city's capacities with balanced and suitable development capacities to utilize maximum capacity service capacities. The unbalanced development of Naqadeh city is a dynamic and continuous process and today has become one of the problems of urban spaces during which urban areas and their physical spaces in vertical and horizontal directions have caused the city to expand outside the city limits. Therefore, determining the direction and manner of physical expansion of the city to meet the current needs and forecasting for future needs is essential for urban planners and managers. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of participation and commitment of local community and sustainable security on the research of balanced and sustainable development of Naqadeh in the form of a correlation survey research project. The statistical population of this study was about 127,671 male and female citizens of Naqadeh according to the statistics obtained from Naqadeh governorate. According to the statistical population, the sample was calculated by multi-stage cluster sampling using Cochrane formula with 95% confidence level. The number was 383 (253 males and 130 females). Balanced development, sustainable development, participation and commitment questionnaires of local community, sustainable security were used to collect data. To analyze the data, structural equations (SEM) method with the approach of partial least squares and smartpls3 software has been used. In line with the aim of the research, it was concluded that according to the path coefficient of 0.098 and also considering the amount of T for the first part of the hypothesis (participation and commitment of the local community to the research of balanced and sustainable development) which is equal to 2.523. Also, considering the path coefficient of 0.809 and also considering the amount of T for the second part of the hypothesis (sustainable security on the basis of balanced and sustainable development) which is equal to 25.881. Based on the findings of the research, it can be claimed that the participation and commitment of the local community and sustainable security play an essential role in the realization of balanced and sustainable development of Naqadeh.Extended AbstractIntroduction:      due to the increasing urbanization and vulnerability of individuals to environmental-environmental conditions, it is more necessary to pay attention to the issues and principles that provide comfort, security and tranquility for the residents of the city so that planners at the macro level for years not too long ago plan in accordance with the population pyramid. In this regard, considering the demographic conditions and lack of sufficient studies to study the indicators of balanced and sustainable development in Naqadeh city, the present study aimed to evaluate the indicators of balanced and sustainable development in this city. Accordingly, in this research, indicators of participation, commitment of local community, sustainable security and balanced and stable development have been used and the main hypothesis of the research is that participation and commitment of local community and sustainable security have an impact on the realization of balanced and sustainable development of Naqadeh city. It has been studied, evaluated and evaluated.Methodology:This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The population of male and female citizens of Naqadeh city, based on the data of the Statistical Center of Iran and the last general census of population and housing in 2016, is equal to 127,671 people, which is the statistical population of the study. Based on cochran formula calculation and with 5% error coefficient, 383 subjects (253 males and 130 females) were selected as the statistical sample. To analyze the data, structural equations (SEM) method with the approach of partial least squares and smartpls3 software has been used. The research tool in the survey section is a questionnaire. The first part includes demographic information and the second part is related to the variables and items of the research. The questionnaire includes 49 questions.Results and discussion:Based on the scores obtained from the sample and performing the T-test, a sample of the results of the analysis is mentioned in Table 3. As can be seen, the Sig value, which is equal to 0.000, is smaller than α=0.05, and the T statistic value is 21.248, which is greater than +1.96. The overall result will be explained in such a way that in terms of balanced and sustainable development according to the average of the society (4.611) is in the desired situation. Standardized factor loads and T-statistics between all items and hidden variables are more than 1.96 and the significance level is less than 0.05.The coefficient of determination shows that more than 75% of the changes are dependent on The variable of sustainable security and more than 90% of the changes depends on the balanced and sustainable development variable and explains it, and the rest of these changes are dependent on other factors and components that In the model and research is not considered according to table 9, it is concluded that since the calculated t statistics is 19.963 and more than 1.96, therefore, the participation and commitment of the local community and sustainable security are significant in the respect of balanced and sustainable development.Conclusion:The findings show that the research model was accepted considering the extracted mean variance indices, compound reliability, Cronbach's alpha. Also, considering the amount of T for the first part of the hypothesis (the participation and commitment of the local community to the endowment of balanced and sustainable development) which is equal to 2.523. Also, considering the path coefficient of 0.809 and also considering the amount of T for the second part of the hypothesis (sustainable security on the realization of balanced and sustainable development) which is equal to 25.881 and based on the research findings, it can be claimed that the participation and commitment of the local community and sustainable security have an essential role in the realization of balanced and sustainable development of Naqadeh city. This hypothesis is confirmed at 99% confidence level Manuscript profile
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        264 - expressing the relationship of women's safety based on the sense of place attachment to urban historical texture. for instance: (Isfahan's jubareh neighborhood)
        Mohammad Ali Rahimi Samaneh Izadi Zamanabadi
        10.30495/juepd.2023.1962130.1091
            Paying attention to the concept of citizens' security (especially women) and its improvement methods is considered as one of the primary priorities in urban spaces. For this reason, in the process of urban planning, improving the sense of security in More
            Paying attention to the concept of citizens' security (especially women) and its improvement methods is considered as one of the primary priorities in urban spaces. For this reason, in the process of urban planning, improving the sense of security in urban environments, especially in historical contexts, has been one of the most important goals in urban life. The main purpose of this research is to identify the components of creating a sense of belonging to the place, as one of the most important areas of the urban historical context, to create security, especially among women in the Jo Bareh neighborhood of Isfahan. The research method is qualitative-quantitative research and the research design is combined (content analysis and survey method) to answer the research question of how the security parameters and the sense of belonging to the place affect the safety of women in the Jo Bareh neighborhood of Isfahan. Is it effective? The research hypothesis emphasizes the significance of the relationship between security and the sense of belonging to a place, which ultimately leads to the security of women in the historical context. The results of the research show that paying attention to the parameters of improving women's sense of security (gender, control, and type of fabric) and the parameters of improving the sense of belonging to a place (ownership, residential history, and memorableness) as the main parameters of this research, which have a two-way relationship in It was proposed to designers and architects for strategic solutions in the historical context of Jo Bareh, Isfahan, to increase the safety of women and the sense of belonging to the place. Urban safe spaces for women have a significant relationship with the expressed variables of a sense of belonging to a home and a sense of security, and the highest correlation was obtained related to natural control, and the lowest was shown for gender.Extended AbstractIntroduction:      Paying attention to the concept of security of citizens (especially women) and ways to improve it is considered one of the fundamental priorities in urban spaces. For this reason, in urban planning, reducing crime and enhancing the sense of security in urban environments, especially in historical contexts, have been one of the most significant goals in urban life. In recent years, various urban plans (comprehensive plans, detailed plans, improvement and renovation plans for historical contexts) have been considered with the aim of improving the physical, functional, social, and economic conditions in the historical contexts of Isfahan city. ; It is possible to mention the improvement projects of historical, cultural and tourism axes (Haruni, Jo Bareh, Jolfa, Jamale, Dar Dasht, Bid Abad, south of Imam Square). Jobareh neighborhood of Isfahan is at a low level in terms of overall social, physical, and economic structures. This rupture of the spatial and social construction has destroyed security in its various aspects, both environmental and social, the selection of the Jobareh neighborhood is important from this point of view; This geographical place is not only the oldest residential neighborhood of Isfahan city but also with the Jame Mosque and the old square and market, it has been neglected as a cultural, economic and residential group and lives in social, cultural and economic poverty. In this neighborhood, due to the existing problems, social bonds have been separated and most of the native people have left the area; Neighborhood residents are experienced by low-income people and Afghan and rural immigrants without a sense of belonging to the place because they are often not owners and their residence period is temporary. According to what has been said, the necessity of conducting this research is to control the spatial and social structure to solve the problems of this neighborhood, especially the safety of women. According to the above, the purpose of this research is to explain the relationship between women's sense of security and the feeling of belonging to a place in the Jo Bareh neighborhood of Isfahan to improve the psychological sence of security of women living in the environment.Methodology:     The type of research conducted in this research is based on primary data and a combination of (quantitative-qualitative) information. In this regard, firstly, from the descriptive-analytical method (content analysis) in the stage of theoretical studies, the use of data obtained from library studies, the subject literature, and the concepts of the feeling of security and the environmental and architectural factors affecting it, as well as the characteristics of the context. the urban worn-out texture, a review, and a theoretical framework for the discussion were set; In the phase of studying the existing situation, a quantitative method of the analytical-survey research plan (statistical analysis) has been used. By being present in the area under study, which is the Jobareh neighborhood of Isfahan, and by using field observations and setting up and distributing questionnaires, the necessary data were collected. and based on Morgan's table, a sample size of 300 women from the Jo Bareh neighborhood is considered. In the analytical method, the problem is not only described; Rather, the causes and effects have been investigated and analyzed. The significance level of the components was analyzed by the method of correlation coefficient analysis. The whole is divided into parts and analyzed separately. Also, the relationships of the ingredients with each other and the factors affecting them have been analyzed.Results and discussion:      The results of the research show that paying attention to the parameters of improving women's sense of security (gender, control, and type of fabric) and the parameters of enhancing the sense of belonging to a place (ownership, residential history, and memorableness) as the main parameters of this research, which have a two-way relationship in It was proposed to designers and architects for strategic solutions in the historical context of Jo Bareh, Isfahan, to increase the safety of women and the sense of belonging to the place. Urban safe spaces for women have a significant relationship with the expressed variables of a sense of belonging to a location and a sense of security, the highest correlation was obtained related to natural control, and the lowest was shown for gender.Conclusion:      Other researchers have also dealt with the mentioned cases, and suggestions have been presented by the researcher, which can be related to things such as: improving worn-out structures to prevent the creation of ruins and unsafe spaces while preserving the values. architecture; Creating spaces and public uses such as mosques, schools and parks in places with little traffic in order to increase the capacity threshold; Periodically holding festivals in order to promote collective culture; Trying to improve the sense of security in the area of worn-out structures by using the participation of the citizens themselves, such as holding events or changing the activity time in the studied area, can be impressive in order to make the area alive at night; widening the alleys and streets and creating mixed uses in them in order to increase the capacity threshold; increasing the permeability and accessibility of urban spaces; Improving the quality of the road network and removing physical and practical obstacles along the path of the sidewalks; improving the condition of road lighting; preventing the creation of remote and dark spaces and providing social supervision of others; Creating changes in the structure of the physical environment and influencing the way people use the environment and increasing citizen surveillance; He pointed out the possibility of more monitoring in all parts of the neighborhood to create public, cultural and sports spaces for the interaction of the residents of the neighborhood in order to increase the sense of belonging to the place and spending leisure time in those spaces in order to reduce social abnormality. 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        265 - Assess the security role of land occupation in organizing informal settlements case study of district Eskan of Yazd
        mohammadreza Rezaei mahdi Zargham
              Security and a sense of security in the possession of housing is an important and effective social and psychological dimension of housing; Because it makes households feel safe in terms of their housing prospects. On the other hand, for lo More
              Security and a sense of security in the possession of housing is an important and effective social and psychological dimension of housing; Because it makes households feel safe in terms of their housing prospects. On the other hand, for low-income groups to improve their housing over time, the security of the right of possession is very important. In recent years, the security of land occupation as one of the basic rights of households has attracted the attention of many international organizations and has led to the creation of new studies and currents of thought in the field of improving the security of occupation. In most of these studies, improving land security has been considered necessary to improve the living conditions of households. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of land occupation security in organizing informal settlements in Yazd neighborhood and since achieving physical-spatial organization of informal settlements is not separate from physical, social and managerial issues, in this study Occupational security and variables of housing quality and managerial and service factors were considered in the mentioned projects. The present research is descriptive-analytical. Cochran's method is used to determine the statistical sample size and the sampling method is prepared based on a questionnaire and the relevant questions are completed by the head of households living in the neighborhood in a simple random method and finally the collected information is tabulated. Frequency distributions and graphs are analyzed and then the relationships between variables are analyzed using Cronbach's alpha methods, Tau-Kendall correlation coefficient and multiple regression in SPSS software package. of services.Extended Abstract: Introduction:Security and a sense of security in the possession of housing is an important and effective social and psychological dimension of housing; Because it makes households feel safe in terms of their housing prospects. On the other hand, in order for low-income groups to improve their housing over time, the security of the right of possession is very important. In recent years, the security of land Possession as one of the basic rights of households has attracted the attention of many international organizations and has led to the creation of new studies and currents of thought in the field of improving the security of Possession. In most of these studies, improving land security has been considered necessary to improve the living conditions of households. The prevailing views on securing the right of possession in informal settlements believe that securing the right of possession is one of the basic requirements in legalizing informal settlements in countries. These views believe that the lack of security in Possession human settlements is the basis for other deprivations for the residents of these settlements. Research in this field has concluded that securing the right of possession (increasing the security of possession) in informal settlements improves the economic, social, physical, political and environmental conditions of these settlements. A review of the ruling literature on securing their right of possession showed that the security of possession has three dimensions: legal, perceptual and customary, and ignoring each of these dimensions and overemphasizing one dimension will reduce the results of executive policies.Methodology:The present research is descriptive-analytical. Cochran's method is used to determine the statistical sample size and the sampling method is prepared based on a questionnaire and the relevant questions are completed by the head of households living in the neighborhood in a simple random method and finally the collected information is in the form of frequency distribution tables and The graphs are analyzed and then the relationships between the variables are analyzed using Cronbach's alpha methods, Tau-Kendall correlation coefficient and multiple regression in SPSS software package.Discussion and findings:The present study examines the role of land Possession Security from three dimensions: legal (security that is created through legal tools and systems), perceptual (the amount of security that households feel and understand from their occupation position) and customary (the amount of security due to other factors Legal / extra-legal issues such as settlement size, duration of residence, solidarity of social organizations in the neighborhood and political support, etc.) in organizing informal settlements in Yazd neighborhood and since achieving physical-spatial organization of informal settlements, apart from issues It is not physical, social and managerial. In this study, the relationship between Possession Security and the variables of housing quality and managerial and service factors in the mentioned projects was considered.Conclusion:Since the main purpose of the study was to investigate the role of Possession Security  in organizing informal settlements, first the relationship between the dimensions of Possession Security  (legal, customary and perceptual) and then its extent and relationship with the research hypotheses (quality of housing and management and services) The research shows that the findings indicate that there is a direct relationship between housing quality and land Possession Security  in the neighborhood and also there is a significant and positive relationship between management and service variables with Possession Security , ie with increasing service and Better management also increases the security of respondents.. Manuscript profile
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        266 - The role of good governance in increasing tourism in Taleghan city
        Rassa Safari namin sayed abolghasem fazel chahar mahali mohammad shokriyan
        10.30495/juepd.2022.691378
             Today, tourism as a source of income and job creation at the local level can be an approach to economic development and has a potential role in the local economy. Attracting tourists and developing tourism in a place leads to currency exchange, More
             Today, tourism as a source of income and job creation at the local level can be an approach to economic development and has a potential role in the local economy. Attracting tourists and developing tourism in a place leads to currency exchange, increasing income and developing employment in that place. On the other hand, good urban governance and its indicators such as security and participation that were examined in this study have a significant role in providing the possibility of increasing tourism in this region and city. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of good governance in increasing tourism in Taleghan city. The research is descriptive and analytical and has been done in a library and field method using books, articles and questionnaires. Finally, it has been used by SPSS statistical analytical software and descriptive statistical indicators such as frequency, mean, standard deviation, correlation, regression, etc. The statistical population of the study was 384 people who were selected through random sampling. The results show that attracting tourists in a region separate from the existence of tourist attractions and potentials requires the existence of facilities for tourists. Because tourists, due to the nature of tourism and apart from it, are looking for fun and leisure with pleasure. An issue that good urban governance can address well. On the other hand, environmental security and its increase as well as public participation have a great contribution in increasing and attracting tourists to Taleghan city as a tourist destinationExtended AbstractIntroduction:The world today faces challenges that stem from the changes resulting from the advancement of science and technology and the emergence of new organizational and social needs. In today's changing world, governments and city managers alone will not be able to meet the new needs of their citizens. Use to maximize the production and delivery of public services. In the modern urban management system, several models have been presented to solve these problems and challenges in urban life, one of which is the dominant model in urban management, the model of urban governance. Governance is an issue that focuses on how governments and other social organizations interact with each other, how to communicate with citizens, and how to make decisions in a complex world, and is the process by which communities and organizations make and determine their decisions. Who is involved in this process and how to perform their duties. The urban environment is a complex, dynamic and diverse space and requires a high management capacity that good urban governance can provide. On the other hand, tourism has become one of the most important resources in the economy of countries, which has grown more than other economic sectors, and not only economically has created employment and income, etc., but also caused familiarity with cultures, increased The welfare of society, the fight against unemployment, social corruption and many other positive items. However, the flow of urban tourism can not be summarized only in the presence of natural, man-made and man-made attractions. So that tourism as a product of the entanglement of various factors, each of which has a significant impact on tourism. In addition, knowledge of tourism is also important in the field of urban tourism. Cities with high potentials play a role as the engine of economic and social development by creating jobs and coming up with ideas. Accordingly, in the present study, the role of indicators of good urban governance in increasing tourism in tourism destination cities will be investigated and evaluated.Methodology:The research method is descriptive-analytical in nature and survey research in terms of data collection. To collect the research, two methods of interviewing experts and a questionnaire were used. At first, in order to identify the governance indicators for the development of tourism in the studied city, by researching various sources and also interviewing some experts in the regional offices, some important indicators for the development of tourism in the region and the studied city were identified and collected. Then, in the second stage, the indicators were analyzed and evaluated in the framework of the questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was experts in regional offices and tourists entering the city. 384 people were randomly selected as the statistical population through a sampling and a questionnaire was distributed among them. Data were analyzed using statistical tests in SPSS software.Results and discussion:The significance level of research variables is more than 0.05, so the null statistical assumption that the desired distribution is normal is confirmed and all research variables have a normal distribution. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient test between variables indicate that among the 384 respondents studied, the correlation coefficient is 0.0206 with a significance level of 99%, since the significance level  Obtained (Sig), less than 01 /. We have enough evidence to reject our statistical null hypothesis. As a result, the statistical null hypothesis is rejected and the main hypothesis is confirmed. Therefore, there is a significant correlation between research variables (improving environmental security and increasing tourism destination selection). The coefficient of determination is equal to 0.043, ie the amount of variability in the dependent variable that can be explained by regression is equal to 0.043 units. Also, the standardized beta coefficient is equal to 0.0206, ie the market of one unit of change in the independent variable (environmental security improvement), changes of the dependent variable (increase of tourist destination selection) is equal to 0.0206 units, which due to the smaller level Significance (Sig) from 01 /. This effect is significant, therefore: improving environmental security has a positive and significant effect on increasing the choice of tourist destinations. The results obtained from Pearson correlation coefficient test between variables indicate that among the 384 respondents studied, the correlation coefficient is 0.258 with a significance level of 99%, since the significance level obtained (Sig) is less than 01 /. We have enough evidence to reject our statistical null hypothesis. As a result, the statistical null hypothesis is rejected and the main hypothesis is confirmed. Therefore, there is a significant correlation between research variables (attracting public participation and increasing tourism destination selection). The coefficient of determination is equal to 0.067, ie the amount of variability in the dependent variable that can be explained by regression is equal to 0.067 units. Also, the standardized beta coefficient is equal to 0.258, ie the market of a unit of change in the independent variable (attracting public participation), changes in the dependent variable (increasing the choice of tourist destination) Is equal to 0.258 units which is due to the fact that the significance level is smaller (Sig) than 0.01. This effect is significant, therefore: attracting public participation has a positive and significant effect on increasing the choice of tourist destination. Conclusion:      Today, tourism as an industry has been able to be one of the sources of income and job creation at the local level and an approach to economic development and has a potential role in the local economy. Attracting tourists and developing tourism in one place leads to currency exchange, increasing income and developing employment in that place, and especially when the profits of other economic sectors are declining, it is a good alternative for them. Tourism development and tourist attraction, in addition to economic aspects, also includes social and cultural aspects and is considered as a guide for rural development on the one hand, and new strategies for revitalization of rural areas through the creation of complementary activities or Transforming these areas according to their human and natural resources and also increases income and thus the well-being of the residents of these areas. On the other hand, it helps to rebuild rural areas because sustainable development calls for long-term growth in tourism without detrimental effects on natural ecosystems. Taleghan city has also shown a successful performance so far by benefiting from nature and many attractions in attracting tourists. On the other hand, good urban governance and its indicators such as security and participation that were examined in this study have a significant role in providing the possibility of increasing tourism in this region and city. In today's competitive tourism markets, trying to attract tourists by different destinations is considered as a strategic goal and one of the ways to attract tourists to the destination is to improve the quality of the environment. Because of the nature of tourism and apart from it, tourists are also looking for fun and leisure with fun, an issue that good urban governance can provide well. Manuscript profile
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        267 - Investigating women's sense of security in urban public spaces: a case study of districts 5 and 2 of Shiraz
        abolfazl meshkini somayeh Alipour Sadaf Sahraeian sajad Saeedi
        10.30495/juepd.2023.1986202.1203
        Today, the rapid growth of urbanization causes various problems for the citizens in the urban space, and the issue of security as the background of a healthy society has gained a special importance in urban issues. The feeling of security is considered as one of the bas More
        Today, the rapid growth of urbanization causes various problems for the citizens in the urban space, and the issue of security as the background of a healthy society has gained a special importance in urban issues. The feeling of security is considered as one of the basic needs of citizens in urban spaces, which is the basis for the development of human societies. Meanwhile, women, as a part of the vulnerable sections of society, need a sense of security for their presence in urban spaces. The presence of women in safe spaces promotes the model of effective and better participatory social activities in the community scene. The present research is of an applied type, which was carried out in the statistical population of the 2nd and 5th regions of Shiraz city with a descriptive and analytical method. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the sense of security of women living in the statistical community. The process of collecting information is in the form of library and documentary studies, and the data is obtained from field surveys and questionnaires. In order to analyze the data and create sufficient scientific evidence needed to achieve the goal of the research, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression statistical analyzes were used in SPSS software.The findings indicate that region 5 has better social, physical and psychological conditions than region 2 and women feel more secure. Also, the results indicate that the social, physical and psychological dimensions have a direct relationship with each other, in other words, these dimensions have a direct relationship with women's sense of security in urban public spaces, that is, the higher the indicators of these dimensions are, the more secure women feel. Extended Abstract Introduction:       Man and the environment in which he lives are inseparable from each other. The rapid growth of Man and the environment in which he lives are inseparable from each other. The rapid growth of urbanization and the ever-increasing population of urban dwellers, which brings with it the mixing and mixing of people in the urban space, has caused the discussion of security to gain special importance in urban issues, urban security. It means peace of mind and lack of fear of citizens from any threat and danger against the city, citizens, urban spaces, buildings and organizations, facilities and urban infrastructures and other important elements in urban life that cause concern and feeling of insecurity in citizens. brought The feeling of security is considered as one of the important indicators of the quality of urban life, and it is considered as one of the basic needs of citizens in urban structures, and it is of special importance due to the inclusion of a sense of peace and comfort in the environment for citizens. . Various factors affect citizens' sense of security; the security of women in the urban society will result in many social and economic benefits. The feeling of security in women can be effective in improving the pattern of social activities and bring about a better participation in the community scene Methodology:       This research is of a practical and practical type, which was collected using the questionnaire tool, the required data in different periods of time in the fall of 2022. In this research, the statistical population of women over 15 years of age is 102,212 people. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size, which was 382 people by Cochran's method and taking into account the sample error rate of 0.5% compared to sampling from the target statistical population by stratified and random method. In the current research, the descriptive and analytical method was used and the process of collecting research information was collected in the form of library and document studies, and the findings were obtained from field surveys and questionnaires. Statistical analysis and questionnaire data are collected in such a way that for each index, a question is asked, and according to the five-scale Likert scale, answers including very weak, weak, average, good and very good are considered, which citizens according to They have answered the questions of the questionnaire and in the analysis of the data T and Pearson correlation tests have been used in the SPSS software format. Results and discussion:        The calculation of the difference test in the indicators related to the social dimension of the sense of security in the two studied regions shows that the overall average of the index in the fifth region is 3.36 and the second region is 2.35, which indicates the difference in the level of security in the studied regions. Based on the obtained information, the indicators of neighborhood relations and the dynamics and activity of the population are more than the significance level (0.05) and the rest of the indicators are less than the significance level. It can be argued that there is an average difference between the two communities in question regarding the social dimension. The calculation of the mean difference test in the indicators related to the physical dimension shows the sense of security. Based on the analysis, region 5 shows a better physical quality than region 2. As we can see in this table, the level of significance of these two areas in terms of the indicators of lighting condition and face detection at night and the condition of urban furniture is calculated to be less than the level of significance (0.05). From the calculated value (0.05), which shows that there is no equality between the variances. The sig value of the T-test item 4 is more than the significant limit, which means that the average difference of the two communities in question is not significant in terms of this variable from the citizens' point of view. It can be argued that there is an average difference between the two communities in question regarding the physical dimension. The calculation of the test shows the average difference in the indices related to the security index, as it can be seen that the sig value of the T test in terms of the gender justice index is greater than the calculated significance level (0.05), which can be argued that the average difference of the two communities in question in terms of this index is meaningful from the point of view of the citizens. is not And the sig value of the T-test of other dimensions is less than the calculated significance limit value, which can be argued that the average difference between the population is significant. Conclusion:       According to the results obtained, region 5 has better conditions than region 2 in terms of social, physical and psychological dimensions, and women feel more secure, and from the conducted tests, it can be concluded that social, physical and psychological dimensions are related to each other. They have a direct relationship and also these dimensions have a direct relationship with women's sense of security in urban public spaces, that is, as the indicators of these dimensions increase, women feel more secure. In this regard, some of the proposals presented in the research are such that it is possible to create people's organizations and form social and cultural institutions, especially institutions centered on women, in order to include as many women as possible and increase the interaction and social support of citizens from each other; Using waste and unused spaces in order to create interactive spaces and the participation of all classes for the dynamism and activity of the population and the increase and improvement of neighborhood relations; Private sector investment in temporary commercial activities on different days, including bazaars and bazaars with a focus on supporting women, such as bazaars for the supply of home business goods, such as handicrafts, etc.; Preventing the game exchange and land speculation, building the aggregation of small parts and increasing mixed and mixed uses for diversity of use and easier access for women in the area; Increasing awareness and civic participation by holding public meetings and consultations through the convergence and integration of residents and the use of cultural commonalities to control social harms at the neighborhood level in order to give citizens a sense of belonging to their place of residence. 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        268 - سیر تحولات دکترین امنیت انسانی در مقابله با جرایم سازمان یافته در نظام حقوق بین الملل
        حامد خانى احد باقرزاده سید محمد حسینی حسین شریفی طراز کوهی
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        269 - نظام حقوق بشر در ارکان سازمان ملل متحد
        هژار محمودی ابومحمد عسگرخانی سید باقر میرعباسی
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        270 - حمایت از بیگانگان در پرتو تحولات حقوق بین الملل بشر در راستای امنیت ملی و بین المللی
        عبادالله عباسی سید باقر میر عباسی مریم مرادی
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        271 - بازگشت به دوره دادگستری خصوصی در عدالت کیفری نوین
        محمد جوان‌بخت سهیلا محمدی
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        272 - بررسی آسیب شناسی امنیت شهری بر مبنای ماتریس فرآیند سلسله مراتبی (AHP) در کلان شهر مشهد
        ابوالفضل بهنیافر محمدرضا منصوری دانشور
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        273 - مدیریت فضایی آسیب شناسی امنیت شهری و ضرورت پدافند غیر عامل در برنامه ریزی شهری (نمونه موردی: مناطق دو و سه شهرداری مشهد)
        محمدرضا انوری ابوالفضل نظمی
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        274 - سنجش احساس امنیت شهروندان با استفاده از مولفه‌های منظر شهری (نمونه موردی: محله اوین)
        محسن رفیعیان محمد مویدی حسن سلمانی
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        275 - ارزیابی شاخص های امنیت برارتقاءتعاملات اجتماعی عرصه های همگانی شهری (مطالعه موردی :محله دوهزار شهربندرعباس)
        شهلا اقتدار بختیاری زهرا سادات سعیده زرآبادی حمید ماجدی
        2202-1418
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        276 - The role of social factors of organizational culture, organizational climate and job satisfaction in predicting of job security in employees of Asaloyeh gas refinery
        jamal ashoori majid rahimi
        This research aimed to investigate the role of social factors of organizational culture, organizational climate and job satisfaction in predicting of job security in employees of Asaloyeh gas refinery. This study was a descriptive - analytical from type of correlation. More
        This research aimed to investigate the role of social factors of organizational culture, organizational climate and job satisfaction in predicting of job security in employees of Asaloyeh gas refinery. This study was a descriptive - analytical from type of correlation. The population of research was included all employees of Asaloyeh gas refinery in 2017 year that from them 332 person were selected by randomly simple sampling method. All of them completed the questionnaires of organizational culture (Hofsted, 1991), organizational climate (Jaw & Liu, 2003), job satisfaction (Dant & et al, 1966) and job security (Francis & Burling, 2005). Data was analyzed with Pearson correlation and multivariate regression with enter model methods. The findings showed organizational culture, organizational climate and job satisfaction had a positive and significant relationship with job security in employees of Asaloyeh gas refinery. Also the predicred variables (means job security in employees of Asaloyeh gas refinery) could predict 59/1 percent of variance of job security in employees of Asaloyeh gas refinery that in this predicting the share of organizational climate was higher than other variables (P<0/01). So to increase the job security in employees of Asaloyeh gas refinery, the first must improve the organizational climate and then consider the role of other variables. Also officials and counselors must consider the symptoms of mentioned variables and design and implementation appropriate programs to increase the job security in employees of Asaloyeh gas refinery. Manuscript profile
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        277 - Investigate the effectiveness of training of social skills on social security and mental health among adolescents in Ahvaz
        Amir Dahanzadeh Mohammad Borna
        Investigate the effectiveness of training of social skills on social security and mental health among adolescents in Ahvaz Amir Dahanzadeh Mohammad Borna Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of training of social skills on social security More
        Investigate the effectiveness of training of social skills on social security and mental health among adolescents in Ahvaz Amir Dahanzadeh Mohammad Borna Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of training of social skills on social security and mental health among adolescents in Ahvaz. The simple consisted of 30 adolescents who were chosen by by requesting people to attend the research. The subjects were asigned to experimental and control group, randomly. The research design was pretest-posttest with control group. The subjects answered social security questionnaire and general health questionnaire. Then, experimental group was trained during 10 session (120-houre per a session) but control group didn’t receive any information. To analysis the data, MANCOVA method was used via SPSS-23. The results showed that training of social skills had been impacted the social security and mental health among adolescents in Ahvaz. Key words: Social skills,Social security,skills,social,training ,mental health Manuscript profile
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        278 - Analyzing the relationship between social health, communication skills and life with women's social security
        Ali Asghar Asgharnejad Farid narges tamadini hassan asazadhe
        Women, as half of human resources in societies, are an effective factor in advancing the goals of society and the family. Studies show that women are more vulnerable than men to discrimination and reduced social security, which is one of the most fundamental aspects of More
        Women, as half of human resources in societies, are an effective factor in advancing the goals of society and the family. Studies show that women are more vulnerable than men to discrimination and reduced social security, which is one of the most fundamental aspects of life in today's society. Therefore, the present study was conducted to analyze the relationship between social health, communication skills and life skills with women's social security. The method used in this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was all women referring to the affairs of martyrs and martyrs. Based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 250 people were selected by convenience sampling. The required data were collected using the questionnaires of social security sense of Sahabi (2010), social health of Keys (1998), communication skills of lawyer and colleagues (2012) and deductive life skills and data analysis using Analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were performed. The results showed; Social health dimensions are able to predict changes in women's social security. In addition, the variable of social participation has a greater effect on social security. Also, the dimensions of communication skills are able to predict changes in social security and the variable of interpretation and clarity of the audience's speech has a greater effect on social security. Women, as half of human resources in societies, are an effective factor in advancing the goals of society and the family. Studies show that women are more vulnerable than men to discrimination and reduced social security, which is one of the most fundamental aspects of life in today's society. Therefore, the present study was conducted to analyze the relationship between social health, communication skills and life skills with women's social security. The method used in this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was all women referring to the affairs of martyrs and martyrs. Based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 250 people were selected by convenience sampling. The required data were collected using the questionnaires of social security sense of Sahabi (2010), social health of Keys (1998), communication skills of lawyer and colleagues (2012) and deductive life skills and data analysis using Analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were performed. The results showed; Social health dimensions are able to predict changes in women's social security. In addition, the variable of social participation has a greater effect on social security. Also, the dimensions of communication skills are able to predict changes in social security and the variable of interpretation and clarity of the audience's speech has a greater effect on social security. Manuscript profile
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        279 - Investigated the role of emotional security and sexual activity in tendency of couples to external marital relationship
        فرهاد محمدی مصیری کبیر شریفی
        The present study investigated the role of emotional security and sexual activity in tendency of couples to external marital relationships. This study was designed and completed descriptively with correlation design. The sample included 380 couples living in Lordegan . More
        The present study investigated the role of emotional security and sexual activity in tendency of couples to external marital relationships. This study was designed and completed descriptively with correlation design. The sample included 380 couples living in Lordegan . The Golombok - Rust Inventory of Sexual activity (GRISS), Intimacy Security Questionnaire – Revised (ISQ-R) and tendency to external marital relationships questionnaire were administered ,The correlation analysis showed that tendency of couples to external marital relationships have a significant relationship with their emotional security and sexual activity. Also regression analysis indicated that emotional security and sexual activity are the significant predictor for the tendency to external marital relationships. Findings confirm that there is a significant relationship between emotional security and sexual activity with tendency of couples to external marital relationships and we can predict their tendency to external marital relationships through emotional security and sexual activity . Manuscript profile
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        280 - Explaining the Security Strategy to Confront the Intentions in Kalile and Demneh ( the Stories from animals )
        mohammad khodadadi Mohammad Ali Gozashti
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        281 - The effectiveness of meaning and purpose in positivist psychology according to Seligman and its adaptation to Attar's poems
        zahra jafary reza haydarinoori hooman namvar
        10.30495/farsij.2022.692899
        Positive psychology is one of the newest branches of psychology. This particular field of psychology focuses on human success. While many other branches of psychology focus on abnormal and disordered behaviors. Positive Psychology focuses on helping people to live happi More
        Positive psychology is one of the newest branches of psychology. This particular field of psychology focuses on human success. While many other branches of psychology focus on abnormal and disordered behaviors. Positive Psychology focuses on helping people to live happily and satisfactorily and purposefully. This approach emphasizes the effect of purpose in life and living a meaningful life - which is beyond the good life - and considers it as one of the principles of happiness. Seligman is a psychoanalyst who in the theory of positivism pursues the goal of flourishing a purposeful and valuable life by creating conditions that nurture and enhance human capabilities. He is for people who do not know their abilities and capabilities. Provides advice and strategies for creating a meaningful and purposeful life that can also be explored in the field of mysticism. Scholars of literature and mystical literature using educational and religious teachings that are related to the psyche and interior of human beings. By cultivating the growth of human capabilities and virtues, they try to change human states, from contradictions and conflicts, and prepare the ground for human flourishing in different stages of life and create purpose and meaning in human evolution and valuable life.This article, using a descriptive-analytical method and using religious teachings, examines Attar's poems and adapts them to the theory of semantics in positivist psychology in providing ways to achieve peace and mental security of contemporary man. Attar and Seligman's human mission is to be a beacon for themselves and a seeker of light in their being. The seeker tries to know the meaning of life and to reach the core of his existence, to understand the passion and intoxication of existence, and this means to achieve genuine happiness and well-being that makes a purposeful person feel calm, secure and valuable. Manuscript profile
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        282 - Policy & explain the effective components of the concept of privacy on promoting environmental security in ecotourism resorts (Case Study: Matin Abad and Swans Farm Eco-Resorts)
        Matin Gholipour Jamaleddin Soheili
        Today, security is one of the most basic needs of human societies after the known physiological needs and various factors are effective in creating security, in which we cannot ignore the important role of the environment and each person's perception of the environ More
        Today, security is one of the most basic needs of human societies after the known physiological needs and various factors are effective in creating security, in which we cannot ignore the important role of the environment and each person's perception of the environment called privacy. Therefore, research objectives to study and achieve the indicators and physical components that are effective in obtaining privacy in ecotourism resorts and their relationship in creating and promoting environmental security and its feeling by tourists in this type of resorts. Descriptive-analytical method based on survey method is the method of this research . The statistical population is the two eco-tourism resorts of Matin Abad near Kashan and Swans Farm in Lahijan. In data analysis, SPSS software with version 24 and for reliability of questions, Cronbach's alpha and in examining the normality of research variables Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. To examine the first hypothesis , the correlation between the two variables of environmental security and privacy, Pearson correlation test, to examine the effect of privacy variable on environmental security, simple linear regression test was used, and to examine the second hypothesis , the ranking the indicators of the privacy variable, the Friedman coefficient test was used. Finally, we came to the conclusion that providing privacy is one of the effective factors in promoting environmental security in the architectural design of ecotourism resorts and these two variables have a significant relationship with each other and also indicators of privacy variables are significantly different from each other in terms of their importance and effectiveness in the design of ecotourism resort, and among these, the diversity index has the highest priority. So combination of open, semi-open and closed spaces scattered , the multiplicity of open spaces with different sizes and uses between closed spaces should be given special importance. Manuscript profile
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        283 - Prioritizing the Components that Affect the Security Management of Sport Events (Case Study: Student Competitions)
        Kazem Shiralipour Saeid Amirnejad Mohammad Sanaei
        10.30495/kmsj.2022.1967063.1040
        The aim of the current research was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the security management of sports events (case study: student competitions). The method of this research was conducted qualitatively and based on the foundation's data approach in the G More
        The aim of the current research was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the security management of sports events (case study: student competitions). The method of this research was conducted qualitatively and based on the foundation's data approach in the Glazerian approach and in the field. In order to collect information, unstructured interviews were conducted with 17 experts familiar with the security of sports events, school sports, and sports management specialists until theoretical saturation was reached, and the data were collected simultaneously using a set of open, axial coding. and selectively analyzed. Also, to measure the reliability of the interview retest reliability method, which was obtained as 0.85. Factor ranking was analyzed using Shannon's entropy test and SPSS24 and MAXQDA18 software. The results showed that factors such as health management, human resources management, financial resources management, organizational and managerial developments, the event's contribution to achieving the organization's goals, the consequences of holding the event, and safety and security management as factors affecting the security of sports events in knowledge competitions. The students were identified. Entropy analysis showed that security management, financial resources management, and human resources management have the highest score and the lowest score respectively in the degree of influence on the security management of student sports events. Based on the results of the research, it is suggested that the categories extracted from this research should be taken into consideration in order to compile checklists for holding student competitions, emphasizing the prevention of accidents in student sports events. Manuscript profile
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        284 - Sociological investigation of the crisis of Khuzestan province from 1384 to 1400
        atefa mosavi amirabad bahman rahimi MOHAMAD TORABI
        abstractKhuzestan province faced a new cultural, security, political, economic, and environmental trend since 2004. In this article, an attempt was made to examine the most important factors of the Khuzestan crisis.With a mixed approach, the researchers, while using the More
        abstractKhuzestan province faced a new cultural, security, political, economic, and environmental trend since 2004. In this article, an attempt was made to examine the most important factors of the Khuzestan crisis.With a mixed approach, the researchers, while using the opinion documents of 5 experts, counted the factors of the crisis and after compiling and distributing the questionnaire, they counted the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and based on that, they presented coping strategies.Promoting and protecting the cultural discourse, making the economic, political and environmental system more efficient and confronting terrorist groups as a strategy, ethnic and religious convergence and water management as a solution, synergy of responsible institutions, cohesion and solidarity of ethnic groups, allocating a percentage of oil sales, monitoring the flow Anti-security as evaluation indicators and the degree of dependence on the Shiite religion, the amount of use of the provincial forces, and the reduction of terrorist acts were calculated as performance indicators.The nature of Khuzestan crisis is of a mixed nature. An issue that the effective and relevant actors have focused on soft measures with a combined design without hard measures, an issue that requires short-, medium- and long-term planning to limit and eventually stop it. Solving many of the described factors or reducing their effects and consequences, along with solving economic problems, will reduce harsh measures and ultimately reduce the phenomenon of religious changes. Manuscript profile
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        285 - Government actions in creating cyber security
        taybeh balvardi motahareh tayari poor ahmadi
        The capabilities and facilities of the cyberspace have caused many countries to show great interest in using this space to facilitate the administration of their societies, the dependence of the countries of the world on this space cannot always be considered as an oppo More
        The capabilities and facilities of the cyberspace have caused many countries to show great interest in using this space to facilitate the administration of their societies, the dependence of the countries of the world on this space cannot always be considered as an opportunity, and the threats that are made against the cyber space of a country can create irreparable risks for the governments. The cyber space of the Islamic Republic of Iran is no exception to this rule and has witnessed two waves of cyber attacks by the United States in recent years. The presented analysis indicates that in recent years, cyber threats against the country have specifically targeted sensitive infrastructures, especially in the fields of nuclear technologies. Therefore, in the coming years, the Islamic Republic of Iran will face the spread of such attacks in the field of cyber space. Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is becoming a "network society", needs to prepare itself to deal with possible threats in this area. The purpose of the current research is "the duty of the government in creating cyber security . the obtain result show that the occurrence of cyber threats is certain due to the high effectiveness and extent and eage of use of the variety of tools and method it should create a fundamental change in the cyber space and its development with culture building infrastructure development technical measures and management to ensure the countrys cyber security the creation of cyber operational units in Manuscript profile
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        286 - Examining the rights of witnesses in Iran's criminal law system with a view to the International Criminal Court
        امین امیریان فارسانی ZEINB BANIASDI
        Testimony is known as one of the evidences to prove a lawsuit or the fastest way to access evidences in legal systems, and its performance at different stages of proceedings is a manifestation of the cooperation of citizens and the community with the enforcement of crim More
        Testimony is known as one of the evidences to prove a lawsuit or the fastest way to access evidences in legal systems, and its performance at different stages of proceedings is a manifestation of the cooperation of citizens and the community with the enforcement of criminal justice in finding the truth. Undoubtedly, the discovery of the truth as much as it makes the victims and the plaintiffs hope for justice, it makes the accused and the criminals angry and arouses a sense of revenge in them. And this retaliation against the witnesses due to the testimony of the perpetrators of the crimes makes it necessary to protect the witnesses. In this regard, witnesses can be supported by adopting different support methods, especially preventive measures before and during the proceedings and even after. Witnesses also have rights in the judicial process, which should be considered in comparison with the rights of other persons involved in the case. The present study examines the measures and witness rights in Iran's legal system with a brief look at the procedure of the International Criminal Court, which supports financial, mental security and physical security of the witness, including the mechanisms designed to encourage witnesses to cooperate with the criminal justice system, and in this regard, measures such as concealing the identity of the witness, physical protection from the witness, honoring, changing the job and place of residence and Compensation for the damages caused to the witness will benefit. Manuscript profile
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        287 - Explanation and validation of factors predicting the creative performance of human resource in knowledge-based companies
        Reza Sepahvand Fazel Saidi Maryam Moumeni
        Purpose: The purpose of the current research is to explain and investigate the the factors affecting the creative performance of human resource in knowledge-based companies.Methodology: The current research is positivism in terms of philosophical assumptions, in terms o More
        Purpose: The purpose of the current research is to explain and investigate the the factors affecting the creative performance of human resource in knowledge-based companies.Methodology: The current research is positivism in terms of philosophical assumptions, in terms of quantitative approach, in terms of descriptive-survey strategy. also, the pratical from the perspective of audience research, and in terms of data collection, it is a field research. Standard questionnaires of Qian et al (2020), Sun et al (2020), Ahmad et al (2018) and Wang et al (2018) were used to measure the variables of leader humility, creative performance, Psychological security and creative self-efficacy. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed through face validity and cronbach's alpha, Spearman's reliability, composite reliability and share reliability respectively. The statistical population of the research includes the knowledge-based companies of Lorestan province, whose 130 employees have been selected as the target population of the research. The data were analyzed and validated through the variance-based structral equation modeling algorithm.Findings: The analysis of the results at the %95 confidence level shows a positive and significant effect of leader humility on creative performance, leader humility on psychological security, psychological security on creative performance leader humility on creative self-efficacy and creative self-efficacy on creative performance. The analysis of indirect paths shows the mediating role of psychological security and creative self-efficacy in the influence of leader humility on creative performance.Conclusion: The empirical measurement and validation of the research shows that the leader humility through psychological security and creative self-efficacy as predictive factors of the variance of the creative performance of human resources in knowledge-based companies. Also, the current research can add to the rich literature the field of creative oerformance of human resources. Manuscript profile
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        288 - Management Development and Creativity Role of the Police in Public Order and Security
        Nader Hoshmandyar
        Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to analyze the extent of the effect which developing management has on the role of police’s imaginative resources in general law and order of Iran. Method: Considering the purpose, this study is an applied research and More
        Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to analyze the extent of the effect which developing management has on the role of police’s imaginative resources in general law and order of Iran. Method: Considering the purpose, this study is an applied research and considering the collecting method of information, it is a descriptive survey. The statistical population (80 people) was police staff in different areas of Tehran, from three organizational levels. Collecting tool was a questionnaire made by the researcher with 21 questions. From the 80 questionnaires distributed among the population, 69 of them were answered. Validity and reliability of questionnaire was ascertained with Cronbach’s alpha test. To test the statistical suppositions of the study, Spearman’s correlation coefficient test was used in SPSS 22 software. Findings: Relation between success of developing management and certain characteristics such as imaginative resources based on Spearman’s correlation coefficient test (rs=353) was calculated as p=0.006%, which is a positive and meaningful relation. Also, relation between success and motivating characteristics such as imagination, based on Spearman’s correlation coefficient test (rs=238) was shown as p=69%, proving a positive and meaningful relation between the two. In studying the relation between developing management and imagination, dependence among police staff based on Spearman’s correlation coefficient test was shown as not meaningful. Also, studying the relation of success, innovation and imagination with need for power, need for financial motivation and need for job security in the police system –based on Spearman’s correlation test- again was shown as not meaningful. On the other hand, analyzing the relation between developing management and imagination and innovation of the police system, self-confidence, and assurance, based on Spearman’s test, it was found that this relation is positive and meaningful. Conclusion: There is a meaningful relation between success of developing management and certain personal characteristics such as imagination. Success and motivating characteristics such as imagination are also positively and meaningfully related. Also, relation between developing management and imagination and innovation of the police staff, self-confidence, and assurance, was found as positive and meaningful. Manuscript profile
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        289 - Investigating management factors affecting food security
        Javad Badrloo Mohammad Reza Sulaimanpour Sarveh Ahmadi
        Family food security means the family's access to enough healthy and nutritious food to ensure that the family members receive the minimum necessary amount; therefore, among the priorities of each country's development goals, achieving food security is of particular imp More
        Family food security means the family's access to enough healthy and nutritious food to ensure that the family members receive the minimum necessary amount; therefore, among the priorities of each country's development goals, achieving food security is of particular importance. By increasing the quantity and improving the quality of food production, the agricultural sector plays an essential role in achieving food security. Therefore, in this article, several management factors related to factors affecting food security have been investigated and analyzed.  Keywords: management, food security Manuscript profile
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        290 - Reducing the waste of agricultural products is the main strategy in improving food security
        Shila Berenji zahra ghafourinam Farzaneh Tavasoli Kajani
        About 4 billion tons of food are produced annually in the world, of which about 1.2 to 2 billion tons are turned [1]into waste and unavailable for consumption due to inappropriate conditions and methods of harvesting, transportation, storage, distribution and consumptio More
        About 4 billion tons of food are produced annually in the world, of which about 1.2 to 2 billion tons are turned [1]into waste and unavailable for consumption due to inappropriate conditions and methods of harvesting, transportation, storage, distribution and consumption. The sender exits. According to Fiveo report, about 50% of the products produced in the world are left out of the consumption cycle in the form of waste in the stages of production and consumption. The value of this high amount of waste and food waste is estimated at 1 trillion dollars per year. Agricultural waste and food waste in Iran is estimated to be about 30% per year, which is about 3% of the total agricultural waste and food waste in the world. According to FIVE statistics, every year about 43.5% of basic agricultural products in developing countries are lost due to pests, diseases, weeds, drought, etc. in different stages of production, after harvesting, processing, distribution and consumption. disappears Global statistics show that in developing countries, an average of 24% of fruits and about 42% of vegetables are lost between production and reaching the consumer. In Iran, according to the latest estimates, about 16% of crops and about 28% of garden products are lost in different stages of production until consumption.   Manuscript profile
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        291 - Artificial sugars in the beverage industry and its relationship with food security
        Bijan Khorshidpour Nobandengani Zeinab Esmaili Sara Abbasi Vardeh
        Diet drink is a common term to describe drinks that have been sweetened with non-nutritive or artificial sweeteners (ASB). Marketing strategies often imply that consumption of these drinks promises weight control or weight loss (1). High consumption of free sugars, espe More
        Diet drink is a common term to describe drinks that have been sweetened with non-nutritive or artificial sweeteners (ASB). Marketing strategies often imply that consumption of these drinks promises weight control or weight loss (1). High consumption of free sugars, especially through soft drinks, is a health concern on a global scale. Therefore, several measures, including taxation, were tentatively employed to reduce their consumption. However, the reduction of sugars in soft drinks has mostly come at the expense of adding non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) (5). Demand for zero-calorie sweeteners and natural derivatives have increased dramatically over the past decade as consumers become more health conscious. For several decades, sweeteners have been used to make food palatable and attract consumers. (C) Poor diet is one of the main causes of non-communicable diseases. Due to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, there is a lot of focus on dietary overconsumption and energy restriction. Many strategies focus on improving energy balance to achieve successful weight loss. One of the ways to reduce energy consumption is to refrain from consuming sugars and replace them with artificial sweeteners, which maintain the taste without consuming calories. However, the safety and health benefits of consuming artificial sweeteners are a matter of debate in the scientific community and society at large. Manuscript profile
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        292 - The relationship between food security and community health
        Bijan Khurshidpour khadije maminejad
        Among the factors that ensure the health of a society is a healthy nutrition pattern. Food security is the cornerstone of a developed society and the main element of intellectual, mental and physical health of that society. Food insecurity will seriously destroy the soc More
        Among the factors that ensure the health of a society is a healthy nutrition pattern. Food security is the cornerstone of a developed society and the main element of intellectual, mental and physical health of that society. Food insecurity will seriously destroy the social capital reserve of the people included in it, as well as the significance of human and religious norms and values. Food security and the right to access sufficient and healthy food and freedom from hunger and malnutrition are the main axes of development, peace of society and the infrastructure of the future generation of the country. On the other hand, food insecurity and its global consequences are an issue that directly or indirectly affects all the countries of the world, and the physical, mental, psychological, economic and social consequences of this huge problem are affecting hundreds of millions of people. Food insecurity and malnutrition weaken people's ability to develop skills and reduce their productivity, and in the long term, they are gradually deprived of their abilities and cannot play a role in education, production, and economy. Access to sufficient and nutritious food is one of the most important priorities pursued by the international community, and all major government policies are in the framework of food security. Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient and healthy food, so that their food needs and food preferences are met for a healthy and active life. Manuscript profile
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        293 - Investigating the types of effective antimicrobial substances in food packaging and safety
        Javad Badrloo Mehdi Rasouli serveh Ahmadi
        Food packaging leads to the preservation of products in a safe environment and facilitates its transportation and storage, or by preventing chemical contamination and increasing the useful life of food products, it provides convenience to consumers. Various materials ar More
        Food packaging leads to the preservation of products in a safe environment and facilitates its transportation and storage, or by preventing chemical contamination and increasing the useful life of food products, it provides convenience to consumers. Various materials are used for food packaging, including plastic, glass, metals, paper, and their composites, and sometimes they add materials to increase the stability of the product. Due to the increasing awareness of consumers and the importance of transferring harmful substances from packaging materials to food, there is more concern about the use of any type of packaging material. The use of appropriate methods that guarantee the production, supply and consumption of healthy food along the food chain and the existence of a safe system and effective control of food will improve health and increase economic productivity. In food packaging, safety is very important. Packaging safety includes controlling the entry of harmful compounds from the packaging into the food. The interaction between food packaging and the penetration of immigrant compounds such as plasticizers, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, solvents, monomers and oligomers and pollutants resulting from the decomposition of monomers, additives and environmental pollutants changes the sensory characteristics of food. Factors affecting migration include the nature of the food, type, time and temperature of contact, the nature of the packaging material, the characteristics of the migrating material and its amount in the packaging, which are discussed in the research. Manuscript profile
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        294 - Sustainable food, the main axis of development
        Somayeh Farhang Hulighi Fatemeh Heydari Dalanjan Aylin Behdashti Khosrowshahi
        Food safety is one of the biggest public issues that has been the focus of many experts around the world. Microbiological, chemical and physical hazards can lead to problems in food safety. In order to deal with this group of problems and protect consumer health, fast, More
        Food safety is one of the biggest public issues that has been the focus of many experts around the world. Microbiological, chemical and physical hazards can lead to problems in food safety. In order to deal with this group of problems and protect consumer health, fast, reliable and field deployable diagnostic methods with different requirements are needed. It is one of the necessary measures to prevent its occurrence and ensure food safety. Factors affecting the impact of optimal and positive nutrition include the use of multi-component interventions and gender-sensitive and participatory approaches that consider all areas. On the one hand, due to the diseases transmitted from food to humans and causing disturbances in human health, the ability to detect the presence of contamination in food and water (healthy from unhealthy) is of great importance.   Manuscript profile
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        295 - Reducing the waste of agricultural products is the main strategy in improving food security
        Shila Berenji Zahra Ghafouri Nam Farzaneh Tavasoli Kajani
        About 4 billion tons of food are produced annually in the world, of which about 1.2 to 2 billion tons are turned [1]into waste and unavailable for consumption due to inappropriate conditions and methods of harvesting, transportation, storage, distribution and consumptio More
        About 4 billion tons of food are produced annually in the world, of which about 1.2 to 2 billion tons are turned [1]into waste and unavailable for consumption due to inappropriate conditions and methods of harvesting, transportation, storage, distribution and consumption. The sender exits. According to Fiveo report, about 50% of the products produced in the world are left out of the consumption cycle in the form of waste in the stages of production and consumption. The value of this high amount of waste and food waste is estimated at 1 trillion dollars per year. Agricultural waste and food waste in Iran is estimated to be about 30% per year, which is about 3% of the total agricultural waste and food waste in the world. According to FIVE statistics, every year about 43.5% of basic agricultural products in developing countries are lost due to pests, diseases, weeds, drought, etc. in different stages of production, after harvesting, processing, distribution and consumption. disappears Global statistics show that in developing countries, an average of 24% of fruits and about 42% of vegetables are lost between production and reaching the consumer. In Iran, according to the latest estimates, about 16% of crops and about 28% of garden products are lost in different stages of production until consumption.  Manuscript profile
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        296 - Supporting Security in Software Development Phases for Prometheus Methodology
        Mohammad Hossein Davarpour Mohammad Ahmadinia
        While security is a key feature in development of complex softwares and multi-agent systems, there are few works around this subject, especially in adding security to agent-oriented software methodologies. This paper adds an extention to Prometheus methodology so it can More
        While security is a key feature in development of complex softwares and multi-agent systems, there are few works around this subject, especially in adding security to agent-oriented software methodologies. This paper adds an extention to Prometheus methodology so it can cover security concerns in different phases of agent-oriented software development. To this end, we define the required security concepts and then integrate them in different phases of Prometheus methodology. The functionality of this extention is explained using a HMIS as a case study. Manuscript profile
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        297 - تحلیل امنیت انسانی-شهری در استان خراسان جنوبی از منظر ژئوپلیتیک با استفاده نزم افزار سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)
        زهرا چترسیماب
        Manuscript profile
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        298 - Secure Cloud Designing for GIS: A Solution for the power Distribution Industry
        Soulmaz Gheisari
        Cloud computing is a networked computing model that provides a relatively new approach to storing, processing, and using information. A GIS is a structured set of hardware, software, and information that has been designed to create, store, update, process, analyze, and More
        Cloud computing is a networked computing model that provides a relatively new approach to storing, processing, and using information. A GIS is a structured set of hardware, software, and information that has been designed to create, store, update, process, analyze, and present a variety of geographic information. The combination of cloud computing and GIS improves efficiency and reduces costs in the process of implementing and executing these systems. The electricity distribution industry, with its smart grid approach, increasingly needs access to spatial information in a comprehensive and secure communication platform. In this article, while examining the necessity of creating GIS subsystems in electricity distribution companies, its advantages and disadvantages are expressed and a secure architecture is proposed to implement this solution. The proposed architecture is designed in four layers of user, application, configuration and infrastructure, and physical layer, and a management plane. On the management plane, security, compression and classification modules are provided. Given the importance of security in the GIS cloud for the power distribution industry, the focus of the article is on the security module and its components. Finally, the proposed architecture is analyzed and its advantages and disadvantages compared to other architectures are presented. The presence of a management plane with an independent security module that takes into account all the requirements of a standard security operations center is an architectural advantage presented in this article. Manuscript profile
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        299 - Investigation of effective environmental factors in preventing theft Case study: Shahroud city
        hossein jiba mohammad rohani moghaddam, maryam aqai bejestani,
        The urban environment has different effects on urban spaces and citizens 'lives, the most important of which is the increase in crime and the decrease in citizens' sense of security. The phenomenon of theft and urban insecurity is somehow related to the order and securi More
        The urban environment has different effects on urban spaces and citizens 'lives, the most important of which is the increase in crime and the decrease in citizens' sense of security. The phenomenon of theft and urban insecurity is somehow related to the order and security of the country and due to the psychological and physical damage to the lost property, leads to insecurity in society. One of the strategies to prevent crime and consequently theft is to prevent crime through environmental design and attention to the geographical environment of crime. The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental conditions in the occurrence of theft. The research method was descriptive-analytical based on library and field studies. Findings of the study emphasize the importance of the role of location in Shahroud in the amount and frequency of robbery. It shows that the role and effect of the body and physics of cities and the proper design of urban spaces and biological complexes have had a direct impact on crime reduction and prevention. Therefore, considering the relationship between defenseless spaces and the crime of theft, by reducing defenseless spaces and paying attention to the crime scene and proper design of the environment, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of some crimes.   Manuscript profile
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        300 - Assess the Level of Security in Informal Settlements (Case Study: Hakim Nezami Neighborhood-Urmia)
        Nima Bayramzadeh Zakaria Ahmadyan Abbaszadeh Shiva Yaser Mostafazadegan Henareh,
        The purpose of identifying crime hotspots is to classify and assess security by reducing crime prevention through environmental design, and given that this is more pronounced in informal settlements, this research has been studied in Hakim Nezami neighborhood of Urmia. More
        The purpose of identifying crime hotspots is to classify and assess security by reducing crime prevention through environmental design, and given that this is more pronounced in informal settlements, this research has been studied in Hakim Nezami neighborhood of Urmia. The present article is descriptive-analytical and applied. The method of data collection has been done in two ways: documentary and field. The statistical population is all the residents of Hakim Nezami neighborhood of Urmia, which according to the statistics of 1397, is 33,000 people, of which 379 people have been selected according to Cochran's formula and stratified random method. Data analysis has been done both quantitatively and qualitatively, in the quantitative dimension of statistical methods and in the qualitative dimension, the results of field observations and interviews have been analyzed. Examination of the results shows that using the neighborhood spatial data, the security of the western part is better than the eastern part of the neighborhood. According to the questionnaire data, the components of Natural Surveillance, Natural Accsess Control, Maintenance and support activities are in a higher position than the average level and the component of Territorial Reinforcement is in a lower position than the average level. This indicates the average level of security in this neighborhood. Also, according to the results of Friedman test, the component of Maintenance was in the first rank and the component of Territorial Reinforcement was in the last rank, which requires the adoption of strategies to maintain and increase security in this neighborhood. Manuscript profile
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        301 - Presenting a method to discover vehicle tracks in multi-time SAR images as a strategic capability in dealing with criminals and terrorist groups in border areas.
        Hasan Hasani Moghaddam Abbas Bashri Masoud Ardini
        Border areas are considered as one of the most important security bottlenecks of any country. Continuous surveillance and monitoring of these areas is one of the main priorities of the border guard forces and one of the main components of ensuring the security of these More
        Border areas are considered as one of the most important security bottlenecks of any country. Continuous surveillance and monitoring of these areas is one of the main priorities of the border guard forces and one of the main components of ensuring the security of these areas. With the advancements in space and aerial imaging technologies, border monitoring operations have been done more quickly and accurately. Iran is known as one of the risky border countries due to the extent of border lines and the presence of numerous terrorist groups around its borders that identifying and eliminating these potential and actual risks requires intelligence elites regarding threatening events in these areas. Based on the needs of the border guards in order to identify the passage routes of criminals and terrorist groups, in this research, a method to detect and identify the tracks of vehicles using multi-time SAR images has been presented. First, the used images were modified in terms of the required pre-processing and the errors of SAR images, and in the next step, using phase information and the Coherence Change Detection (CCD) algorithm, the track of the vehicle was identified in the images. In order to evaluate the capability of the proposed method, the usual methods of detecting changes were also applied to the images. The results of the research show the high capability of the proposed method in identifying unauthorized border crossing corridors. The results of this research can be used as one of the components of security at the borders of the country. Manuscript profile
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        302 - The environmental, political and security consequences of the drying up of Urmia Lake using remote sensing on the barracks of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army in the Urmia Lake basin.
        vahid isazade Jvad Eshaghi
        In this research, the aim of this research is to the environmental, political and security consequences of the drying up of Lake Urmia using remote sensing on the barracks of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army in Lake Urmia. In terms of the purpose, the present research More
        In this research, the aim of this research is to the environmental, political and security consequences of the drying up of Lake Urmia using remote sensing on the barracks of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army in Lake Urmia. In terms of the purpose, the present research is in the category of applied research, and in terms of the nature and method of the research, it is a descriptive survey type of research. The statistical population of the current research is the army barracks of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the area of Lake Urmia. To monitor salt particles in Urmia Lake, Sentinel 5, Madis and Landsat 8 satellite images for 2000 to 2022 from the Google Earth Engine system were used. In this research, the spatial descriptions and analyses available in the geographic information system (GEE system and Gis Arc software) have been used. According to the results of Moran's spatial autocorrelation analysis of salt dust dispersion and their impact on army barracks in Lake Urmia basin during 2010, Moran's coefficient showed 0.816328%. This percentage has reached its highest level by 2022. The highest concentration of hot spots (dispersion of salt particles) can be seen in only one high cluster in the northeastern parts of the Urmia lake basin, which includes Tabriz's 2nd Shekhari Barracks and Tabriz's 121st Brigade. In addition, the results of the research show that the security consequences of the mini-guns in the two barracks of Mahabad and Saqzaz Nazar show the defence and security aspect in 2015, which include an increase in the amount of unauthorized traffic, the creation of security loopholes, disruption in the movement of patrolling personnel, a decrease Field of vision, especially in times of wind and visibility, disturbance in standby and support, and disturbance in telecommunication networks are the most important security consequences of crisis defence. In 2022, the spatial dispersion of salt dust was not specific to one barrack, and most of the army barracks in the region were affected by the harmful dust of the lake, in this year, the highest amount of salt dust was found in the barracks of Urmia, Shekhari, Tabriz, Ghoshchi, Saqez and Mahabad is scattered. The security consequences of micro-rounds in the whole region in terms of defence, security and political dimensions, including ethnic-religious differences between the Turks and Kurds, increasing public discontent, decreasing the social solidarity of citizens with the government, increasing street protests and urban riots in the region, ethnic incitement. and more dissatisfaction, security crimes have increased. Manuscript profile
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        303 - Investigating factors affecting customers' trust in the use of electronic banking of Abhar Cooperative Development Bank
        Mehrdad Nasiri Parvaneh Nasiri
        10.30495/qrm.2023.1994878.1045
        The current research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting customer trust in using electronic banking services of Abhar Tose'e Ta'avon Bank. This research is considered applied in terms of its objective and uses a survey method for data More
        The current research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting customer trust in using electronic banking services of Abhar Tose'e Ta'avon Bank. This research is considered applied in terms of its objective and uses a survey method for data collection. The purpose of this article is practical and it used the survey method or questionnaire to collect research data.The statistical population of the study consisted of all customers of Abhar Tose'e Ta'avon Bank who have used electronic banking services. The sample size was estimated to be 384 individuals using Cochran's formula for an infinite population. The hypotheses of the research were tested through structural equation modeling using LISREL software. The results showed that perceived security, social penetration, individual skills, and perceived compatibility have a positive and significant impact on trust in electronic banking services. Furthermore, the results indicated that perceived security has a positive and significant effect on social penetration and individual skills. On the other hand, social penetration and perceived compatibility play the role of mediator variables in the relationship between perceived security and individual skills with trust.Keywords: perceived compatibility, perceived security, individual skills, social penetration, trust. Manuscript profile
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        304 - نقش پلیس در گردشگری مستقل با تمرکز بر اطلاعات سفر
        ابوالفضل تاجزاده نمین
        Manuscript profile
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        305 - مطالعه تطبیقی عوامل موثر بر وقوع تهدیدات امنیتی سهوی توسط کارمندان
        بهرام علیشیری طالقانی کبری دهبسته
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        306 - بررسی عوامل موثر بر پذیرش بانکداری الکترونیکی (مطالعه موردی: بانک صادرات استان زنجان)
        مرتضی موسی خانی داود قراخانی
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        307 - بررسی رابطه محتوای خبری رسانه ها بر امنیت اجتماعی )با تأکید بر اخبار شبکه ی1و2سیما(
        عصمت فاطمه بهرامی منیژه نویدنیا
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        308 - مقایسه خودکارآمدی، احساس امنیت و شوخ طبعی در بین زنان و مردان دبیر
        بانودخت نجفیان پور رقیه محرمی صادق تقی لو
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        309 - مقایسه خودکارآمدی، احساس امنیت و شوخ طبعی در بین زنان مردان دبیر
        بانودخت نجفیان پور رقیه محرمی
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        310 - سنجش مؤلفه های اثرگذار بر حس امنیت و حضور زنان در فضاهای شهری (مطالعه موردی: پارک شهر گرگان)
        مصطفی آریان کیا
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        311 - تحلیل میزان رضایت شهروندان از عملکرد شهرداری فرخ شهر در ایجاد فضای سبز مطلوب
        حمیدرضا رخشانی نسب عزت الله قاسمی قاسم وند
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        312 - واکاوی نظری مفهوم مکان و مدیریت مکان در رهیافت نوین جرم شناسی مکانی
        مرتضی بیابانی میترا کلانتری محمد بهزادپور محمدرضا جلالی
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        313 - بررسی تاثیر سرمایه اجتماعی بر احساس امنیت شهروندان
        رضا بهنودفر
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        314 - ارزیابی رضایتمندی زنان از وضعیت امنیت در پارک های شهری نمونه موردی: پارک دهکده طلایی آمل
        رحیم بردی آنامرادنژاد مهناز حسینی سیاه گلی
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        315 - سنجش احساس امنیت زنان در فضاهای عمومی شهری (مطالعه موردی: پارک های شهر نورآباد دلفان)
        سعید امانپور محمد زیدی منفرد نعیم اکرامی
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        316 - بررسی تأثیر فضای شهری بر احساس امنیت زنان (نمونه موردی: محله جهانگیرآباد خرم‌آباد)
        شهاب فلاح پور نوشین نظری حجت فلاح پور
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        317 - تحلیل جغرافیایی مخاطره احساس امنیت اجتماعی از نگاه شهروندان (نمونه موردی: شهر ایذه)
        ناهید سجادیان مرتضی نعمتی پریوش اورکی
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        318 - تحلیل کیفیت محیط شهری با تاکید بر مولفه‌‌های امنیت در شهر ایلام
        پاکزاد آزادخانی جعفر حسین زاده رحیم قاسمی زاده
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        319 - The relationship between emotional regulation strategies and Sense of Social Security with Quality of Life of Bojnord Students
        zahra bahadori abolfazl bakhshi mohamad mohamadi por
        10.30495/educ.2022.685556
        The Relationship between Emotional Regulation Strategies and Social Security Sense with the Quality of Life among Bojnord University Students ABSTRACT: Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional regulation strategies More
        The Relationship between Emotional Regulation Strategies and Social Security Sense with the Quality of Life among Bojnord University Students ABSTRACT: Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional regulation strategies and social security sense with the quality of life among university students. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of all students of Applied Science and Technology University of Bojnord city who were students in 2018-2019. Out of this population, 242 students (123 female and 119 male) were selected as target group by stratified random sampling method. The data were collected by using the Gransfeck et al (2001) emotional regulation strategies, researcher-made social security sense questionnaires and the Weir & Sherbun (1992) quality of life scale. For data analysis, the criteria used included the average values, standard deviation, and frequency distribution table by the help of SPSS software in order to analyze descriptive statistics, regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance. Correlation results showed that variables of emotion regulation strategies and sense of social security had a positive significant relationship with the quality of life. Regression analysis showed that only positive strategies could explain the changes in the quality of life with a beta of 0.238. According to the results of the study, any action taken to improve the sense of social security and increase the use of positive emotion regulation strategies will improve the quality of life.Keywords: Emotional Regulation, Sense of Social Security, Quality life. Manuscript profile
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        320 - Psychological Variables Model of Learning Environment with Emphasis on Connectedness, Mental security and Peer-connectedness for Creating a Quality-oriented Space
        Sahebeh Izadpanah Hamid Majedi Hossein Zabihi
        10.30495/educ.2022.1940336.2744
        The purpose of current research was to identify and set a priority for factors and variables of school climate. The method of research was qualitative and quantitative via survey study among 180 volunteer and accessible high- school girl students in Gorgan city(academic More
        The purpose of current research was to identify and set a priority for factors and variables of school climate. The method of research was qualitative and quantitative via survey study among 180 volunteer and accessible high- school girl students in Gorgan city(academic year 1397-1398). The sample size determined according to accessible samples and the minimum sample size (100 to 150) which is appropriate for structural equation modeling. Data analysis done by SEM technique via second-order CFA. The composite reliability and the AVE of the main construct (WHITS scale) reported 0.97 and 0.77, respectively. From the results, all the six sub-constructs determined the main construct and there was a priority from the students' perspective for psychological dimensions of learning environment, that is to say, school connectedness (0.94), rule clarity (0.93), affirming diversity (0.90), reporting and seeking help (0.86), peer connectedness (0.85) and teacher support (0.78) determined respectively the "WHITS" scale, the short form of " What's happening in this school? From the students' perspective" for assessing school psychological climate. After setting a priority for factors and variables of "WHITS" scale for assessing school climate, some applicable ways proposed for a quality-oriented space, such as creating group stations for students in different school level and providing spaces for exposing students' cultural diversity. Manuscript profile
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        321 - j
        mahnaz amirpour zahra Khorashad
        n
        n Manuscript profile
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        322 - A survey on teachers job satisfaction factors and a model presentation
        touraj falah mohammad asadiyan
        This research, with the title of:" a survey on teachers job satisfaction factors" was performed in ferdows ,, and its major goal is the fore mentioned means in the title in order to investigate the variables  the researchers took advantages of different (versatile) More
        This research, with the title of:" a survey on teachers job satisfaction factors" was performed in ferdows ,, and its major goal is the fore mentioned means in the title in order to investigate the variables  the researchers took advantages of different (versatile) relevant theories such  as, Maslow (physical / security. social / respect, self actualization) and also "equality theory". The type of research is "correlation" and the method is "survey". Sampling is stage based clustering.   The sample population is all the teachers in three grades, and the whole number of them in 858 out of which 180 one selected on the chosen sample. A questionnaire is the means of measurement. After results analysis the underlying hypotheses were represented:  With 95% certainty, there is positive correlation between job security and job satisfaction.  With 99% warranty, there is positive correlation between a teacher's social relatioships and job satisfaction. With 99% certainty, there is positive correlation among facilities growth opportunities, promotion, and job satisfaction. With 99% warranty, there is positive correlation between teacher's social status and job satisfaction. In a t _ test for independent groups based on proposed equal variances there is no correlation between gender and job satisfaction.  Manuscript profile
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        323 - Omavid and Insecurity Aggravation in Iran’s Provinces
        javad horave
        Since Sasanian imposed perjury and oppression on the people of Iran’s provinces, they in fact provided the basis for their fall, as they lost the rein and ruling because of Muslem Arab attack.  Unfortunately, the first sweet flavors of Islamic rule in Iran di More
        Since Sasanian imposed perjury and oppression on the people of Iran’s provinces, they in fact provided the basis for their fall, as they lost the rein and ruling because of Muslem Arab attack.  Unfortunately, the first sweet flavors of Islamic rule in Iran didn’t last long. After imam Ails martyrdom, governors ruled in different provinces of Iran who thought nothing but their own personal and ethic interests. Omavi governors in many countries including Iran had no achievements but insecurity, despotism, cruelty and corruption. Omavian racism in a vast and widespread extent yield nothing but denying the people from human, social….rights. So much threat, inauspicious, continued until justice was replaced with injustice and brightness with darkness. In this article the author has tried to offer a brief sketch of history from this entry.   Manuscript profile
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        324 - New research on social security of the Reza Shah era (with emphasis on socio-political liberties)
        siavash shahrivar soheyla torabi farsani Ali Reza Abtahi Syavash Shahrivar
        In this research, the explanation and analysis of the status of social security of the first Pahlavi era has been studied. The reign of Reza Shah, due to the government's attempt to establish a modern state and the expansion of Westernism, and the efforts of Reza Shah a More
        In this research, the explanation and analysis of the status of social security of the first Pahlavi era has been studied. The reign of Reza Shah, due to the government's attempt to establish a modern state and the expansion of Westernism, and the efforts of Reza Shah and his intellectuals along with him to gain political legitimacy by linking the Pahlavi monarchy to the ancient kingdoms of Iran, is an era of effective and timely formation of intellectual foundations Iran is new. Meanwhile, nationalism, which was consolidated as one of the main ideologies of the modernization process, was conquered by the victory of the Constitutional Revolution in the political and cultural contexts of Iran, played a central role in the intellectual changes of the first Pahlavi era. The first Pahlavi government made changes In various areas of Iran's social life, among these changes, were the changes that took place in the field of social security and subsequent social insecurity. In Iran, despite efforts made in the era of Reza Shah, modernization did not lead to the creation of a modern and developed society. This article seeks to understand the causes of social insecurity, which was created in the first Pahlavi rehabilitation programs, and to answer the question of what constitutes the consequences of the Pahlavi era policies for social security and the solutions to social security in the first Pahlavi era. The research method used in this research is a descriptive method to better analyze the historical information obtained. Manuscript profile
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        325 - A new look at providing social security during the Reza Shah era (with emphasis on socio-political freedoms)
        siavash shahrivar soheyla torabi alireza abtahi
        In this study, social insecurity in the politics and practice of the first Pahlavi is briefly discussed. Reza Shah's efforts and policies to establish a modern government and the expansion of comprehensive modernization (economic, social, political, etc.) at a basic and More
        In this study, social insecurity in the politics and practice of the first Pahlavi is briefly discussed. Reza Shah's efforts and policies to establish a modern government and the expansion of comprehensive modernization (economic, social, political, etc.) at a basic and clear stage It is the history of Iran that, by linking the first Pahlavi government with modern ideologies (nationalism) and historical backgrounds (archeology), was able to create important actions and policies in that time frame. Although this modernization and populism could have positive functions in the field of security and its components in the political and social sector, but it also paved the way for fundamental and dangerous social insecurities, which we seek to explain and analyze in this article. This article seeks to identify the causes of social insecurity created in the first Pahlavi modernization programs and to answer the question of what consequences the policies of the first Pahlavi era had for social security and what were the social security strategies in the first Pahlavi era. The research method used in this research is a descriptive method through which the obtained historical information can be better analyzed Manuscript profile
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        326 - Omavid and Insecurity Aggravation in Iran’s Provinces
        Javad Heravi
        Since Sasanian imposed perjury and oppression on the people of Iran’s provinces, they in fact provided the basis for their fall, as they lost the rein and ruling because of Muslem Arab attack. Unfortunately, the first sweet flavors of Islamic rule in Iran didn& More
        Since Sasanian imposed perjury and oppression on the people of Iran’s provinces, they in fact provided the basis for their fall, as they lost the rein and ruling because of Muslem Arab attack. Unfortunately, the first sweet flavors of Islamic rule in Iran didn’t last long. After imam Ails martyrdom, governors ruled in different provinces of Iran who thought nothing but their own personal and ethic interests. Omavi governors in many countries including Iran had no achievements but insecurity, despotism, cruelty and corruption. Omavian racism in a vast and widespread extent yield nothing but denying the people from human, social….rights. So much threat, inauspicious, continued until justice was replaced with injustice and brightness with darkness. In this article the author has tried to offer a brief sketch of history from this entry. Manuscript profile
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        327 - The Impact of Soft Power on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the Perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei
        karim abbasi samad ghaempanah hasan shamsinighyasvand seydasasdolah athari
        The type and degree of threat of each country has a direct relationship with the goals and ideals of its government. The Islamic Republic of Iran as a government that relies on religious and religious values ​​and ideals that relies on religious democracy and its most i More
        The type and degree of threat of each country has a direct relationship with the goals and ideals of its government. The Islamic Republic of Iran as a government that relies on religious and religious values ​​and ideals that relies on religious democracy and its most important goal is the realization of justice and the spread of the ideals of the Islamic Revolution throughout the world, a society with these ideals and goals always faces threats. One of the ways to examine the foundations of the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran is to study the speeches of Ayatollah Khamenei, who is in charge of the major policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this research, the main question is; What is the impact of soft power on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei?  Manuscript profile
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        328 - Examining the relationship between the indicators of good governance (the right to comment and respond and the rule of law) and human security in Iran: a case study of the 11th and 12th governments
        saeed darabnia Hossein Karimifard Jahanbakhsh Moradi Ali Bakhtiyarpour
        The issue of good governance and its indicators have influenced the approach of governments on most of the basic issues. The current study seeks to examine the relationship between good governance and human security in Iran. It seems that there is a direct relationship More
        The issue of good governance and its indicators have influenced the approach of governments on most of the basic issues. The current study seeks to examine the relationship between good governance and human security in Iran. It seems that there is a direct relationship between good governance indicators and human security. In such a way that the poor condition of the index of the right to comment and answer and the rule of law has led to the failure of human security. In order to carry out this research, descriptive-analytical research method and field survey have been used. The results of the research say: the degree of representation of rulers from social classes, the probability of success in suing the government, freedom of speech and political gatherings, political processes in holding elections, the rate of committing Among the issues, organized crimes and holding public gatherings have the most impact. Manuscript profile
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        329 - Identifying of the Threats and Security Damages of the Role of Social Networks in Iran’s Elections
        Javad Biglari Masoud Akhavankazemi
        Today the opponents for overthrew the governments,spread fake news and make the atmosphere of the society tense to reduce the political participation of citizens in elections and threaten national security.They do Now the question is, what are the security risks of soci More
        Today the opponents for overthrew the governments,spread fake news and make the atmosphere of the society tense to reduce the political participation of citizens in elections and threaten national security.They do Now the question is, what are the security risks of social networks playing a role in elections? In response to the above question, the hypothesis was raised that the use of social networks by the opponents in the election process can lead to a change in the voting behavior of citizens and as a result threaten national security.In this article, a combined theoretical framework is used to show the role of social networks in elections, and an explanatory method is used to identify the security harms of the presence of social networks in elections.This research has been done with the aim of investigating the social-political consequences of the security damage of the role-playing of social networks in the elections. Manuscript profile
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        330 - The political and security approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the West Asian region
        safar alirezaei Bashir Ismaili Gonharani Esmaeil shafiee Sarvestani
        West Asia is undergoing major developments; several great revolutions have taken place in the region in the past few years, and on the other hand, war, terrorism, and the widespread involvement of international powers in it have severely challenged the independence and More
        West Asia is undergoing major developments; several great revolutions have taken place in the region in the past few years, and on the other hand, war, terrorism, and the widespread involvement of international powers in it have severely challenged the independence and territorial integrity of the region and West Asia in full swing. Be inflammatory. The purpose of this article is to examine the political and security approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the crisis in the West Asian region. This article has studied this issue by collecting data through library study and citation. The purpose of national security policies is to protect the national interest, the status quo, the survival of the country and the like. The results show that in order to succeed in its international interactions in the West Asian region, both in the field of defense and in the field of foreign policy. Manuscript profile
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        331 - Assessing US National Security Policy in Southwest Asia
        Hasan Esfandiari Ebrahim Motaghi Mahdi Nasr
        Hasan Esfandiari [1],Ebrahim Motaghi [2]*,Mahdi Nasr[3]  Abstract: Southwest Asia is one of the least stable regions, where regional conflicts, especially the Arab-Israeli conflict, continue for nearly more than 2 decades after the end of the Cold War. In the fie More
        Hasan Esfandiari [1],Ebrahim Motaghi [2]*,Mahdi Nasr[3]  Abstract: Southwest Asia is one of the least stable regions, where regional conflicts, especially the Arab-Israeli conflict, continue for nearly more than 2 decades after the end of the Cold War. In the field of regional countries, the United States is trying to put new strategies on the agenda to bring about a permanent balance of power and threats based on the equation of national security and national interests of the United States. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate US national security policy in Southwest Asia. The research method was qualitative. Finally, it is concluded that the structure of US national security policy is based on recognizing the national security challenge of major powers, regional threats, the appeal of emerging actors, and how to deal with threats, each of which can be used as part of regulatory mechanisms. [1].PhD Student in Political Science (International Relations), Faculty of Political Science, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Iran [2].Full Professor Department of Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,Corr­esp­o­nd­i­ng Author [3].Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Payame Noor University, Shahrekord, Iran Manuscript profile
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        332 - Conflict management in higher education and its impact on national security
        alireza Hamzeh Siah Bill Mojtabi Moazzami Ismail kavousy Rashid Zolfaghari Saffron
        Manuscript profile
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        333 - The Relationship Between Punishment of the Crime of Armed Smuggling of Narcotics and Psychotropic Material with the Component of Hope for the Future of Social Security from the perspective of Judges in the Judicial Structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Case Study: Judges of Tehran Province)
        Seyed Morteza Hoseini Seyed Mohamad Hoseini Abdolvahid zahedi Amir Froutan
        Seyed Morteza Hoseini[1]                      Seyed Mohamad Hoseini[2] Abdolvahid zahedi[3] AmirFroutan[4]   Abstract: This article is a research paper aimed More
        Seyed Morteza Hoseini[1]                      Seyed Mohamad Hoseini[2] Abdolvahid zahedi[3] AmirFroutan[4]   Abstract: This article is a research paper aimed at showing the significant relationship between the use of armed drug trafficking and psychotropic punishment on different components of social security, including the hope for future in social security, from the perspective of judges in Tehran province. This is a descriptive and applied research. The statistical population of this study consisted of 55 Judges of Tehran Province, all of whom were interviewed using a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of this questionnaire, measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, is 87%. In this study, to test the hypothesis, a one-tailed t-test was used and the existence of a significant relationship between the use of armed drug trafficking and psychotropic punishment and the hope-future component of social security was confirmed. [1] - PhD Student in Criminology and Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, Political Science and Economics, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran [2] - Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Political Science and Economics, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran: Corresponding Author [3] - Assistant Professor and Faculty Member, Faculty of Law, Political Science and Economics, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran [4] - Senior Lecturer, Board of Teachers of Tehran Municipality Manuscript profile
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        334 - Ecology and Study of Religious Extremism in Pakistan
        Elham Naroui Najaf lakzaee Yaser Kahrazeh
        In recent decades, religious fundamentalism and sectarianism have grown significantly in Pakistan, so that today the country is known as the center of fundamentalism, especially sectarianism, and extremism in some parts of the country in the form of a purposeful and hig More
        In recent decades, religious fundamentalism and sectarianism have grown significantly in Pakistan, so that today the country is known as the center of fundamentalism, especially sectarianism, and extremism in some parts of the country in the form of a purposeful and highly active current, relying on violent and armed approaches, seeks to achieve its ideological and strategic goals. Undoubtedly, extremist currents in Pakistan have been able to face many problems in the security of this country. To what extent has religious extremism affected the national security of Pakistan? The hypothesis that will be proven in this study is that religious extremism, through violence and terror inside Pakistan, disrupts order and security in this country. In this descriptive-analytical study, an attempt has been made to study the environment and extremism in Pakistan. Manuscript profile
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        335 - Analysis of Turkish Foreign Policy and Its Security Threats for Islamic Republic of Iran (From 2002 to 2013)
        niloofar Hamdi Hossein Ahmadi Saeid Mirtorabi
        An important development was made in Turkish foreign policy after Justice and Development Party got into power. The question is "What pattern did govern the security relations of Turkish foreign policy from 2002 to 2013? What security threats will follow for Iran? Accor More
        An important development was made in Turkish foreign policy after Justice and Development Party got into power. The question is "What pattern did govern the security relations of Turkish foreign policy from 2002 to 2013? What security threats will follow for Iran? According to the security studies in Copenhagen School, it will be supposed that Turkish foreign policy from 2002 to 2013 had the considerable modification in the field of security and reduced the volume of security relations in terms of military individually and foreign policy of Turkish mostly relied on the multiple security subjects including the economic, social and political issues. Turkey's relationship with the USA, participation in Israel and Azerbaijan coalition, unity with Arab countries opposing Iran, posed a threat to Iran's security in the political-military, economic, and social fields. The aim of this study is to investigate the various dimensions and security effects of Turkish foreign policy. Manuscript profile
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        336 - International Responsibility Regime for Unilateral US Sanctions against Iran's Aviation Industry
        Hamidreza Seyedi Seyed Bagher Mirabasi Ehsan Kamrani
        International responsibility law is considered as an international legal entity and the international responsibility regime is a set of international rules and regulations related to the issue of responsibility of countries and international organizations, which play th More
        International responsibility law is considered as an international legal entity and the international responsibility regime is a set of international rules and regulations related to the issue of responsibility of countries and international organizations, which play the role of creating cooperation, stability, assign rights and obligations for the states. This study, through a descriptive-analytical method of documents, conducts legal review of the regime of international responsibility of governments and international organizations in the face of US purposeful sanctions against the safety and security of Iran's aviation, which is in serious danger. Therefore, first the international responsibility of governments and international organizations for aviation safety and security in international law and then the elements of fulfillment of responsibility, ie commitment and assignment are examined. The findings indicate a violation of Article 44 of the Chicago Convention, the Charter of UN and aviation sanctions are inconsistent with the principles of international law. Manuscript profile
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        337 - Major Threats to International Peace and Security
        bijan amiri amir hooshang mirkoshesh ehsan razani
        Global security has principles and frameworks that in order to maintain global security, any security effort is aimed at protecting the values ​​of global security or preventing its weakening. With the collapse of the bipolar system and the change in the international s More
        Global security has principles and frameworks that in order to maintain global security, any security effort is aimed at protecting the values ​​of global security or preventing its weakening. With the collapse of the bipolar system and the change in the international system, the concept and foundations of global security underwent changes that weakened these foundations and had many consequences. In the light of global security developments, new actors such as individuals, NGOs, social movements and identities entered the int­er­na­ti­o­n­al arena and the scope of global security threats expanded. In this article, while explaining the principles and frameworks of global security, the threats of the principles of global sec­u­ri­ty have been studied and analyzed in order to obtain a proper explanation of the global security situation and its threats. Manuscript profile
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        338 - The Relationship between Punishment for the Crime of Armed Drug Trafficking and Psychotropic Drugs with the Coordination of Relevant Institutions in Social Security(Case Study: Judges of Tehran Province)
        Seyed Morteza Hosaini Seyed Mohamad Hosaini abdolvahid zahedi amir froutan
        This article is a research paper aimed at showing the significant relationship between the use of armed drug trafficking and psychotropic punishment on different components of social security, including Institutional coordination, in the opinion of Tehran's judiciary ju More
        This article is a research paper aimed at showing the significant relationship between the use of armed drug trafficking and psychotropic punishment on different components of social security, including Institutional coordination, in the opinion of Tehran's judiciary judges. This is descriptive and applied research. The statistical population of this study consisted of 55 Judicial Judges of Tehran Province, all of whom were interviewed using a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of this questionnaire, measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, is 87%. In this study, to test the hypothesis, a one-tailed t-test was used and the existence of a significant relationship between the use of armed drug trafficking and psychotropic punishment and the coordination component of the relevant organizations in social security was confirmed. Manuscript profile
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        339 - Mechanism of the Nature and Competencies of the Supreme National Security Council with Emphasis on Decisions Related to Nuclear Activities
        Ali ghorbanpour Abolfazl Ranjbari Mohammad Mazhari
        Ali ghorbanpour[1],Abolfazl Ranjbari[2]*,Mohammad Mazhari[3]   Abstract: After the talks on the adoption of Resolution 598 and the ceasefire with Iraq, Iran's nuclear activities are one of the most complex and crucial international cr­i­s­­es in More
        Ali ghorbanpour[1],Abolfazl Ranjbari[2]*,Mohammad Mazhari[3]   Abstract: After the talks on the adoption of Resolution 598 and the ceasefire with Iraq, Iran's nuclear activities are one of the most complex and crucial international cr­i­s­­es in Iran. The purpose of the Constitutional Legislature in establishing the Supreme National Security Council has been to create a specialized and supreme center for the establishment of unity of procedure and the adoption of comprehensive security policies. In fact, the main question is what is the mechanism of the nature and competencies of the Supreme National Security Council in nuclear decisions? Based on the results, it can be said that in the constitutional law system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme National Security Council is among the policy-making authorities, and also, considering that the verbal and idiomatic nature of policy-making is related to determining the existing policy and general axes in relation to a certain subject. It can be concluded that an important part of the resolutions of the Supreme National Security Council, which are examples of the exercise of the powers provided for in paragraph 1 of Article One Hundred and Seventy-six. [1].PhD Student in public law, Department of public law, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad university, Tabriz, Iran. [2].Assistant Professor, Department of public law, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad university, Tabriz, Iran,Corresponding Author [3].Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, University of Tabriz, Iran. Manuscript profile
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        340 - Investigating the Impact of Security on the Identification, Decision Making and Evaluation of the Public Policy Process
        samad nujavan parviz ahadi Hossein Ahmadi sefedan,
        The general purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of security and its specific purpose is to investigate the impact of security on public policy in the post-Islamic Revolution and the internal turmoil in Iran. Due to the importance and necessity of security More
        The general purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of security and its specific purpose is to investigate the impact of security on public policy in the post-Islamic Revolution and the internal turmoil in Iran. Due to the importance and necessity of security policy, many thinkers and writers have tried to present different models, methods, and methods using different sciences. However, one of the common points of these models is the emphasis on recognizing the issue as the starting point of the policy process. Establishing a stable environment is one of the concerns of any government. In this study, we seek to answer the question: what effect does security have on evaluating the public policy process? Securitization makes the problem part of the policy-making process, and public policy-making makes operational and executive design a priority by prioritizing the security problem or security issue. Manuscript profile
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        341 - Explaining Iran's Criminal Policy from the Perspective of the Principles and Foundations of Criminalization and Punishment (Case Study of Some Domestic Legislative Approvals)
        hojjat miri mohammadreza shadmanfar masoud Heidari
        The most important tool for explaining criminal legislation is the definition of crime and punishment. A crime is the actual act or omission for which a punishment has been determined according to the Islamic Penal Code, and according to criminal philosophers, "taking a More
        The most important tool for explaining criminal legislation is the definition of crime and punishment. A crime is the actual act or omission for which a punishment has been determined according to the Islamic Penal Code, and according to criminal philosophers, "taking a distance and moving away from the normality and defect of what should be" and criminalization is a process that considers new behaviors as crimes. With the assumption that the governments take their legislative policy based on their approach to how to deal with crimes, in this article, relying on the descriptive-analytical method, we decided to review some of the resolutions of the Islamic Republic of Iran, while briefly explaining the basics of criminalization and penalization, may we improve the legal and judicial situation of the country by improving the legislative situation and the performance of social monitoring institutions and optimal decriminalization, while preventing the issue of criminal inflation.   Manuscript profile
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        342 - Piracy as a threat to international peace;Case study of Somalia
        yaser beheshtizadeh mohamadehsan hemati Farid Azadbakht
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        343 - Totalitarianism and atomization and its relationship with the feeling of personal security in Hannah Arendt's political thought
        Saeb Shaabani Asadollah Athary Mariyan Samad Ghaempanah
        Manuscript profile
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        344 - Food Security in Iran and International Law
        abas sori alimohamad falahzade Ahmad Markazmalmiri
        The purpose of this study is to investigate food security in Iran and the international legal system. Given the importance of food security in ensuring public health and the right to access it as a human right, the need for special research is inevitable. To gather data More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate food security in Iran and the international legal system. Given the importance of food security in ensuring public health and the right to access it as a human right, the need for special research is inevitable. To gather data, the library method has been used. An efficient national system for controlling food security helps to improve nutrition and community health, to improve the food industry, to increase production and income levels. Therefore, it is probably important to improve the existing infrastructure and regulations to have an efficient food control system at the national level. Manuscript profile
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        345 - Investigation of Internet Fraud in Iranian Cybercrime Law and Cybercrime
        Mehdi Abdipour Keshavarz Abbasgholi Ansari Hamid Sheshgol
        Mehdi Abdipour Keshavarz[1] Abbasgholi Ansari[2] Hamid Sheshgol[3] Abstract Internet fraud in terms of expanding its scope and especially its complexity in cyberspace has caused widespread changes in human life. Although general measures to counteract with variety of fr More
        Mehdi Abdipour Keshavarz[1] Abbasgholi Ansari[2] Hamid Sheshgol[3] Abstract Internet fraud in terms of expanding its scope and especially its complexity in cyberspace has caused widespread changes in human life. Although general measures to counteract with variety of fraud methods are roughly the same, with differences in the various methods of fraud, the use of appropriate method is necessary. Part of coping strategies requires creation of understanding of computer use and the awareness of individuals and organizations about possible negative consequences of computer systems and naturally after that, permanent monitoring of computer systems and security plans are needed. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of fraud in social security and computer crime law. The research method of current study is descriptive and analytic. In this study, with an analytical perspective, definitions, types and distinction of computer fraud has been investigated. Finally, suitable strategies for counteracting were introduced. [1] - PhD student in Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Islamic Azad University, karaj Branch, Karaj, Tehran, Iran, Mahdi.abdipour1359@gmail.com [2] - Assistant Professor Member of the faculty of law, faculty of law and political Science, Islamic Azad University,Takestan Branch, Takestan, Iran, Bebaran@yahoo.com [3] - Assistant Professor, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran, r.hamid_sheshgol@yahoo.com Manuscript profile
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        346 - Evaluate the Relationship between Job Security and Organizational Citizenship's Behavior of Temporary and Permanent Staffs at the Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
        Javad Mehrabi Mojtaba Golnari
        This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between job security and organizational citizenship's behavior of temporary and permanent staffs that is accomplished in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. For this purpose, two variables, job security, and organizationa More
        This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between job security and organizational citizenship's behavior of temporary and permanent staffs that is accomplished in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. For this purpose, two variables, job security, and organizational citizenship behavior as default factors were considered. In today's competitive business environment, the major concern and movement of organizations shapes to survival and pervasive development. Therefore, critical issues and methods of performance evaluation, management and improvement, at the level of staffs and at the level of managers is one of the major and considerable topics. It seems that satisfaction with job security is one of the factors that have a direct and significant relationship with organizational citizenship behavior. In order to provide comments through libraries and information centers, materials and resources needed were attempted to provide, and by using these data obtained from the study and practical and theoretical studies, a questionnaire was designed. The questionnaire was developed based on a Likert scale. The respondents included employees of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and a random sample of size n = 120. Bivariate descriptive and correlational research methods and data analysis, both descriptive and inferential (And with the help of SPSS and AMOS) was used. The results indicated a significant correlation between job security and organizational citizenship behavior of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Manuscript profile
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        347 - Model to Determine the Impact on the Character and Understand Customers Using Electronic Insurance
        Reza Ehtesham Rasi Said Amini Vahid Amini
        The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of customer character and perception on the use of electronic insurance in insurance companies providing insurance electronically services. The selected population of this study includes customers that use electronic i More
        The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of customer character and perception on the use of electronic insurance in insurance companies providing insurance electronically services. The selected population of this study includes customers that use electronic insurance services of insurance companies providing insurance electronically services with total number of 420 customers. Based on Cochran formula and random sampling, 200 people were chosen. This study is applied in objective and description-correlation in data collecting. Questionnaire is used to collect data and to verify its validity and reliability, experts’ opinions and software SPSS were used respectively. Cronbach alpha for strategic orientation and markets both were above 0/7 indicating the questionnaire’s high reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL soft wares and path analysis model. The results of the study showed that after character, the usability, social aspects and the impact of security affect the use of electronic insurance. Manuscript profile
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        348 - Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Information Security Management System
        Ali Rezaee Mohammad Javad Mosadegh Mona Rezaee
        Information is one of the most important organization capital and protecting it, is one of the kep perforeance indicators of the organization's survival. The information security management system defines the protection of information in three ways: confidentiality, acc More
        Information is one of the most important organization capital and protecting it, is one of the kep perforeance indicators of the organization's survival. The information security management system defines the protection of information in three ways: confidentiality, accuracy and availability. The purpose of this research is to recognize the effective factors on information security management system in Iran's Informatics' Service Company. Based on the method, the research is descriptive-correlation and aim, is to identify effective factors in this regard. Statistical population is all of the Iranian banks covered by Informatics' Service Company. The data gathering tool is a researcher made questionnaire that its validity and reliability was confirmed by related tests. Data analyzed by regression analysis. According to the finding management role, awareness of security management system and adaptation to training, security management system of business and evaluation of risk security management system, effect on effectiveness of security management system. Manuscript profile
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        349 - Analysis of the relationship between the behavioral characteristics of residents and the physical environment of residential spaces in CPTED approach (Case study of Tabarestan neighborhood of Sari)
        Arian Rezaei khonakdar Mehdi Ghafouri Hossein Zabihi
        It's obvious that crime is a general society concern. There are two main logic in crime investigations. The first set of research is based on physical characteristics such as different kinds of land use. This approach is derived from Jin Jacobs and then improved by usin More
        It's obvious that crime is a general society concern. There are two main logic in crime investigations. The first set of research is based on physical characteristics such as different kinds of land use. This approach is derived from Jin Jacobs and then improved by using CPTED(Crime Prevention Through environmental design) and its strategies which previously had been discussed by Oskar Neman via protect's spaces. Second set of studies are related to quarters inhabitants' social characteristics, such as neighborhood, taking responsibilities, have a feeling of belongings to a place, social capital, cultural patterns and other variables that have been among a wide range of focused social factors in this research. Many fields of studies by considering some concepts, compare summary of netted problems. Historically, safety is perceived as an important factor in social life of every society. We can state that, city expansion and safety are two linked compartments that are followed by city sustainability, in a manner that the absence of one would cause some problems for the others and might bring obstacles for it. During recent decades, Civil researchers became vigilant about the role of architecture and city construction via making decisions and policies to create a desirable place and found some defensible theories of preventing crime by crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and environmental crime identification. Evidences shows that researches about the linkage between environment and behavior are very rampant. Nevertheless, hypothesis and processes of CPTED have been poorly tested. Sari city, reaches Mazandaran Sea from north and it reaches Alborz range of mountain from south, according to 2016 census, it's population was 347,402 people and the rate of population growth till 2026 is equal to 1.9 %. In this study, by various inhabitants' behavioral variables such as place ownership and realm protection, the sense of crowd and lack of control on environment, and anatomical variables with subsets such as place ownership, defensive privacy according to CPTED subsystems, by explicating safe habitable places in Sari city we try to figure out how can we adjust them to CPTED characteristics? Cities are sustainable and Complicated economic and social systems that deteriorate if their imbalances, such as security, are not controlled. It seems essential to examine the effect of behavioral patterns of residents (isolation, affinity, tolerance and anonymity) on security as well as the relationship between physical environment features and behavioral characteristics of residents based on CPTED approach in favor of environmental security. One of the newest approaches to urban security is Crime prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED). It seems essential to examine the effect of behavioral patterns of residents on security as well as the relationship between physical environment features and behavioral characteristics of residents based on CPTED approach in favor of environmental security.Given the success of the CPTED model in different parts of the world, it is hoped that according to the hypotheses, by explaining the patterns of safe residential environments in the city, it can be adapted to CPTED characteristics and the relationship between physical environment characteristics and behavioral characteristics of residents in residential spaces. The present study, which is a descriptive and exploratory research methodology with a quantitative research approach, evaluates the components of CPTED under the hypothesis that in the course of the research, documentary and library methodology was first used to systematically review the relevant resources to identify the main CPTED criteria. Physical and social cognition of Tabarestan neighborhood through the distribution of a questionnaire extracted from the components of residents' behavioral patterns and characteristics of the physical environment, purposefully and the analysis of qualitative data, the degree of importance of each criterion was evaluated to aim to examine the relationship between physical environment and residents' behavior Determinants in designing a safe urban environment and using descriptive statistics in GOF certification, using factor analysis model, using inferential statistics through the criterion of research hypotheses and using Kolmogorov-Smrinov test using analysis of 384 questionnaires in the present model of G-years for 98 and 99 It was calculated that it shows a strong overall fit of the model, all research hypotheses are confirmed and conclude the presentation of the CPTED conceptual model with challenges in generations of this concept. Manuscript profile
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        350 - Investigating the relationship between mental security and mental well-being in women's tendency to cosmetic surgery, considering the mediating role of narcissism
        yasaman noroozi Amirhossein Sheikhpour elham kaviani
        Investigating the relationship between mental security and mental well-being in women's tendency towards cosmetic surgery: analyzing the mediating role of narcissism Abstract The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship b More
        Investigating the relationship between mental security and mental well-being in women's tendency towards cosmetic surgery: analyzing the mediating role of narcissism Abstract The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between mental security and mental well-being in women's cosmetic surgery orientation and analyzing the mediating role of self-infatuation. The method of the current research was a correlational description. The study population included all women aged 18 to 68 in Kermanshah city, who were selected by convenience sampling, and their number was 300. The questionnaires used in this research are the demographic information questionnaire, Zare and Aminpour's mental security questionnaire (2013), Keys and Magyarmo's mental well-being scale (2003), Fard and Amani's trust cosmetic surgery tendency questionnaire (2013) and personality questionnaire. Amaz Narcissist (2006). Data were analyzed using smart pls 3 software and structural equation method.Based on the findings, the mean of mental security variable is equal to 1.78, which indicates low mental security, the mean mental well-being is equal to 3.33, which is at the optimal level, the mean tendency to cosmetic surgery in women is equal to 2.66, and the mean Self-infatuation is equal to 1.72, which is in the low limit. From the findings, it can be concluded that the existence of a relationship between mental security and mental well-being with the tendency to cosmetic surgery in women through the mediating role of narcissism seems significant. Keywords: mental security, mental well-being, tendency to cosmetic surgery, narcissism, narcissistic personality Manuscript profile
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        351 - Identification and Priories of social factors affecting women's job satisfaction (Case Study women employed In Ministry of Education Eslamabad Gharb)
        Ali Moradi Laila Dastghaib
        10.30495/jwsf.2020.1875303.1391
        One of the issues studied by social science thinkers is the study of dissatisfaction among various sections of society, especially working women. This study investigates the social factors affecting the life satisfaction of women working in education in Eslam Abad-e-Gha More
        One of the issues studied by social science thinkers is the study of dissatisfaction among various sections of society, especially working women. This study investigates the social factors affecting the life satisfaction of women working in education in Eslam Abad-e-Gharb. The method of this research is applied and due to the Due to the quantitative nature of the study the survey method has been used. The statistical population of women working in education of Eslam Abad-e-Gharb city in 1398 was 1790 people. Using Cochran sampling formula, 384 people were studied by simple random sampling method using a questionnaire. Formal validity was used for the validity of the research instrument and Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and statistical tests such as Pearson correlation and multiple Were conducted. The results show that the variables of feeling of security (r = 0.226), social justice (r = 0.450) and the level of trust (r = 0.216) had a significant effect on life satisfaction of women working in education in West Islamabad. the results of the coefficient of determination show that the above three variables together could explain 0.42% of the changes of the dependent variable Manuscript profile
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        352 - ساماندهی پیاده گذر تربیت تبریز با تاکید بر امنیت اجتماعی زنان
        سانیا پیروزی کیانوش ذاکر حقیقی
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        353 - سنجش ابعاد اجتماعی و روانی احساس امنیت زنان کلان شهر مشهد و عوامل موثر بر آن
        محمدحسن شربتیان
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        354 - The Effect of Climate Change on Evapotranspiration, Leaf Area Index and Growth Indices of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) at Gonbad Condition
        Ali Rahemi Karizaki Nabi Khaliliaqdam Korosh Sanaie
        10.30495/JCEP.2022.1902577.1695
        Climate changs is one of the most important issues that has been observed in agriculture in recent decades and has limited production of crops. SSM-iLegum-Chickpea model was used to simulate the effect of climate change on evapotranspiration and leaf area index and grow More
        Climate changs is one of the most important issues that has been observed in agriculture in recent decades and has limited production of crops. SSM-iLegum-Chickpea model was used to simulate the effect of climate change on evapotranspiration and leaf area index and growth indices of chickpea seed in Gonbad. First, meteorological data from the Dome Synoptic Meteorological Station from 1993 to 2017.The scenarios include increasing the temperature by two, four and six degrees, increasing the Co2 concentration by two times, and reducing rainfall by two percent, and a combination of the above scenarios, which total 9 scenarios. For the high temperature scenarios, the maximum and minimum daily temperature changes were added. Results of analysis of variance showed that in dry and irrigated conditions the effect of sowing date and climate change scenarios on all traits such as grain filling period, grain filling speed, evapotranspiration, leaf area index and total grain nitrogen except Harvest index nitrogen (NHI) was significant at 1% level in dryland conditions. But the interaction effect of planting date and climate change was only significant on evapotranspiration and leaf area index at 1% and NHI at 5% level. Duplication of concentrations of CO2 caused increasing about 6.2 in harvest index of nitrogen. Also, the best planting date for Gonbad city is the beginning of December in the simulation conducted for Gonbad. Manuscript profile
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        355 - The Analysis of Relationship between Perception of Social Safety and Social Isolation (Case Study: Students of Shiraz University)
        dorna salamatian Masoud Khalili
        10.30495/jss.2020.1879815.1170
        Social isolation prevents constructive partnership of people in society. Since the perception of social safety is one of the critical variables affecting social isolation, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the perception of social safety a More
        Social isolation prevents constructive partnership of people in society. Since the perception of social safety is one of the critical variables affecting social isolation, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the perception of social safety and social isolation among students of Shiraz University. The statistical population was all students of Shiraz University. Using Cochran formula, 411 people were determined as sample size and selected using cluster sampling. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire that was compiled by using the scales of perception of social safety and social isolation. The findings indicate a reverse and significant relationship between social isolation and the variables of age and dimensions of perception of social safety (perception of economical security, Perception of Political Security, perception of judicial security, perception of psychological security and Perception of Public Security); also, the variables of gender, marital status, educational level, social class and place of residence had significant differences with social isolation; but the field of study did not show a significant difference between students' social isolation. Manuscript profile
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        356 - Investigating the role of neighborhood-based police on crime rates in Golestan province with emphasis on the role of law enforcement companies
        َAbdolreza Bayari Abolghasem Heidarabadi Ali Rahmani
        10.30495/jss.2020.1911987.1242
        The main purpose of this article is to identify the reduction in the incidence of crime through the deployment of neighborhood-based police in neighborhoods, passages, organizations and companies. By recognizing this goal, the success rate of these companies can be asse More
        The main purpose of this article is to identify the reduction in the incidence of crime through the deployment of neighborhood-based police in neighborhoods, passages, organizations and companies. By recognizing this goal, the success rate of these companies can be assessed. For this purpose, Parsons functional functional theories, social disorganization theory and social control were used as a theoretical framework. The research method is survey. The sampling method is multi-stage cluster and the sample size according to Cochran's formula is 358 people. Data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis using SPSS software. The questionnaire has a formal validity and the alpha value of the variables of satisfaction with law enforcement companies (0.858) and the amount of crimes (0.712) is very high and has good reliability. The test results show that the average of crimes before and after the implementation of the neighborhood police plan is 3.99 and 2.34. There is a negative and inverse relationship between the duration of the establishment of the neighborhood police and the level of satisfaction with the neighborhood police with the crime rate. The higher the level of satisfaction is with the neighborhood-based police, the lower the crime rate. Conversely, the lower the satisfaction of the neighborhood police, the higher the crime rate. About 34.6% of the changes in crime rates are explained by the variables of neighborhood police deployment duration and satisfaction rate and the highest impact has the neighborhood police satisfaction. The result is that by increasing the quantity and quality of neighborhood-based police, it is possible to reduce the incidence of crime in urban areas.   The test results show that the average of crimes before and after the implementation of the neighborhood police plan is 3.99 and 2.34. There is a negative and inverse relationship between the duration of the establishment of the neighborhood police and the level of satisfaction with the neighborhood police with the crime rate. The higher the level of satisfaction is with the neighborhood-based police, the lower the crime rate. Conversely, the lower the satisfaction of the neighborhood police, the higher the crime rate. About 34.6% of the changes in crime rates are explained by the variables of neighborhood police deployment duration and satisfaction rate and the highest impact has the neighborhood police satisfaction. Manuscript profile
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        357 - Investigating the rate of urban viability at Gated comminutes:The metropolitan city of Tabriz
        Ali Azar
        10.30495/jss.2021.1875035.1159
        Exclusive residential complexes are complexes that are separated from other areas through physical factors such as walls. The exclusive neighborhoods are divided into three sections including lifestyle, social status and the safe neighborhoods. According to a variety of More
        Exclusive residential complexes are complexes that are separated from other areas through physical factors such as walls. The exclusive neighborhoods are divided into three sections including lifestyle, social status and the safe neighborhoods. According to a variety of environmental, economical and social problems of the horizontal and sporadic development of cities and also the need to provide housing, especially in big cities, planning and designing the residential complexes in order to answer the needs of citizens seems absolutely necessary. Reviewing and explaining the concept of vitality in exclusive residential complexes and identifying its main factors are the main goals of this research. This is an applied- developmental research and the method is a descriptive- analytical one. The main dimensions of vitality are physical, social, economical and environmental factors. The results showed that based on the specified criteria and in accordance with the combined index, the vitality in exclusive complex, with an average of 3.25 is relatively favorable. The research results also refer to the impact of exclusive residential complexes in increasing the social stability and improving the social sustainability. Manuscript profile
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        358 - Implementation of Integrated Management on increasing the security and safety of urban public spaces: Case Study Tabriz City
        Reza Saadatpoor Bshir Beygbabayie Karim Hosseinzadeh Dalir
        10.30495/jss.2021.1937340.1368
        The expansion of urbanization, followed by the specific problems of urban life, has made it increasingly necessary for the city administration to pay attention to useful strategies and solutions to optimize the lives of citizens. Urban management is intertwined with the More
        The expansion of urbanization, followed by the specific problems of urban life, has made it increasingly necessary for the city administration to pay attention to useful strategies and solutions to optimize the lives of citizens. Urban management is intertwined with the daily lives of citizens. Any decision made about the city will have a direct or indirect financial and psychological impact on citizens. The present study examines and studies the performance of integrated city management on social security and welfare with the same perspective. For this purpose, 43 indicators have been designed in three dimensions (integrated management, security and social welfare). The results show that there is a significant relationship between integrated management and security and welfare at the level of sig = 0. Also, the performance of indicators indicating 10 factors (existence of coordination between executive organizations in providing better urban services, paving the way for citizens to invest in urban development, creating sustainable urban revenue sources and not relying on traditional revenue sources such as tolls and density sales, facilitating administrative processes - Life, reduction of vulnerable urban spaces, adaptation of uses, improvement of public transportation services, responsibility, employment, urban services) have been key. Also, the results of scenario writing show 4 strong scenarios, 780 weak scenarios, and 21 possible scenarios, which among the possible scenarios, the desired situation shows the highest probability of realization compared to othersituations. Manuscript profile
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        359 - Investigating the relationship between social participation and life satisfaction with a sense of social security among the citizens of Tabriz
        Yaghoub Zarei Kordkandi Mahmoud Elmi
        10.30495/jss.2022.1925760.1314
        A sense of security can be defined as feeling safe or secure from a threat. In contrast, a sense of insecurity and fear refers to a situation in which people are exposed to a threatening environment. It does not threaten or attack his property and health. It can be said More
        A sense of security can be defined as feeling safe or secure from a threat. In contrast, a sense of insecurity and fear refers to a situation in which people are exposed to a threatening environment. It does not threaten or attack his property and health. It can be said that the person has a sense of security. This study was conducted in 1397 with the subject of investigating the relationship between social participation and life satisfaction with a sense of social security among the citizens of Tabriz; Which examines the three dimensions of the feeling of social security: life, financial and political security. The type of research in this research is applied and the research method is survey method and in terms of scope, it is expansive and in terms of time is cross-sectional. The statistical population was all citizens aged 14 to 65 years in Tabriz. The sample size according to Cochran's formula is 384 people and multi-stage cluster sampling method has been used. The measuring tool is a questionnaire. SPSS 25 software was used to analyze the data. The results show that the level of social security among the citizens of Tabriz is moderate; And among the three dimensions of the feeling of social security: life, financial and political security have the highest amount, respectively. The results of testing the hypotheses show that there is a positive and significant correlation between life satisfaction and social participation with a sense of social security. Also, the level of feeling of social security varies according to the level of education. Also, the level of social security does not vary by gender. Manuscript profile
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        360 - Structure and rules of pension funds in Iran and EU countries in the legal system from the perspective of sociology of law
        Aidin Bagheri Mohamreza Mojtahdi Hossein Malakoti Emran Naeimi
        10.30495/jss.2021.1915082.1267
        Pension funds in the Iranian legal system have historically always inherited many problems, the most important of which are financial problems. Lack of vision for the future and uncertain plan and unprofessional and inefficient management, lack of transparency and confl More
        Pension funds in the Iranian legal system have historically always inherited many problems, the most important of which are financial problems. Lack of vision for the future and uncertain plan and unprofessional and inefficient management, lack of transparency and conflict and inflation of laws, have all gone hand in hand to make pension funds a problem in Iran; These problems and the poor condition of the funds, in all aspects, have raised serious concerns about the future. Reasons such as the increase in the aging population and the decrease in the employment force have increased the sensitivity of this crisis. Implementation of early retirement laws in different periods, macroeconomic fluctuations, discrimination and disproportionate receipts, the destructive role of the government and mainly one-sided interactions with funds are other important reasons for the crisis in pension funds during the year Are recent. In Iran, the multiplicity of pension funds with various programs, systems and regulations has led to the widespread dispersion of funds in the absence of a comprehensive welfare and social security system in the country. The model used by EU countries for pension funds is both forward-looking and comprehensive. Pension fund programs also focus on employment policy, along with inclusion for all segments of society, including the employed and the unemployed. What can be considered for policymakers in Iran in organizing and modeling the system of EU pension funds is to pay attention to economic and demographic policies, along with regulating legal regulations, phasing out additional organizations and reducing costs. To continue the services of pension funds. Reforms in Iran's pension fund system require a comprehensive policy approach and a strong determination to initiate fundamental change. Manuscript profile
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        361 - Sociological Study of the Factors Affecting Social Trust of the Country's Religious Minorities (Case study: Zoroastrian community in Tehran)
        Seyedeh Hakimeh Hashemi Seyed Reza Salehi Amiri Shahla Kazemipour Meysam Mousaaei
        10.30495/jss.2021.1914658.1263
        The main purpose of this study is to investigate the social factors affecting social trust of Zoroastrians community of Tehran. In this study, different theorists of trust are presented at three levels: micro, middle and macro and at three dimensions; interpersonal trus More
        The main purpose of this study is to investigate the social factors affecting social trust of Zoroastrians community of Tehran. In this study, different theorists of trust are presented at three levels: micro, middle and macro and at three dimensions; interpersonal trust, generalized trust and institutional trust, and finally the theories of Putnam, Giddens, Coleman, Inglehart, Sztompka, Offe and Johnson have been selected as the theorical framework for the research. The research method in this study is survey, multi-stage cluster sampling and data collection tool is a questionnaire. The population of the study consisted of all Zoroastrians living in Tehran, which is about 7,000 people, according to the Zoroastrian Association of Tehran. The sample size was 191, using Cochran formula and 211 questionnaires were collected for further assurances. The results show that 20/9% of the respondents have a low level, 52/4% have a moderate level and 26/7% have a high level of social trust. In terms of Interpersonal trust, 19/7% were at the low level, 56/7% at the intermediate level and 23/6% at the the high level. In terms of Generalised trust, 13/5% were at the low level, 61/4% at the intermediate level and 25/1% at the the high level. In terms of Institutional trust, 12/9% of the respondents were at the low level, 51/5% at the intermediate level and 35/6% at the the high level. In this study, the relationship between socioeconomic status variables, feeling of social security, life satisfaction, feeling of discrimination and social exclusion with significant social trust and factors of feeling of discrimination and social exclusion were indentified as having the most influence on social trust, but the relationship between the variables of personal characteristics (other than age) with social trust has been rejected. Finally, the variables of feeling of discrimination, social exclusion and age that were inversely correlated with social trust, social trust driving factors and socioeconomic status factors, feeling of security and life satisfaction were indentified as tensile factors of social trust. The results of regression test of this research showed R2 (0/335) that 33/5% of the dependent variable changes are explained by independent variables of this study. Manuscript profile
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        362 - Criminological study of crimes against security of state in perspective of criminal sociology
        Salar Sadeghi Abbasali Akbari
        10.30495/jss.2020.1907835.1229
        Crimes against the security of the state are crimes that directly intend to harm the security of society or the state and seek to destroy the foundations of sovereignty. The spread of such crimes in recent decades has led to a security-oriented penal policy, and consequ More
        Crimes against the security of the state are crimes that directly intend to harm the security of society or the state and seek to destroy the foundations of sovereignty. The spread of such crimes in recent decades has led to a security-oriented penal policy, and consequently security-oriented criminology has emerged that considers offender dangerous and doesn’t consider any right for him/her. The main issue is that what are the effective factors in the occurrence of these crimes and its preventive measures? The objectives of this study are to explain the various social, cultural and political factors as well as to provide preventive measures. In commission of these crimes, numerous social, cultural and political factors can play role that is necessary to notice them in order to prevention or reducing of these crimes. The most important of these factors are injustice, discrimination, and repressive attitudes and one of the most important ways to prevent such crimes is to ensure the rights and freedoms of individuals and the administration of justice in society. The research method in this article is descriptive and analytical. The present article seeks to study the social etiology and criminal and non-criminal strategies of prevention of crime against security by adapting to criminal sociology, classical and critical criminology theories as well as to school of zemiology and the teachings of restorative justice - with emphasis on Iranian criminal law. Manuscript profile
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        363 - Sociological study of the definition of national security of governments in the age of globalization
        Parviz Ahadi
        10.30495/jss.2021.1926080.1318
        The globalization is a social, political and economic process and is the result of the integration of time and space in such a way that it has weakened the communication discourse and diminished the differences and leading to the sovereignty and security of the nations. More
        The globalization is a social, political and economic process and is the result of the integration of time and space in such a way that it has weakened the communication discourse and diminished the differences and leading to the sovereignty and security of the nations. These changes have diminished or changed the govetnment's ability and capacity against regional and international pressures. The raise or reduction in the government's power, a change in their capacity , ability or disability and in the regional and international conflicts and struggles, the negotiations in the national security which is a combination of modern-traditional discourse and post-modernism and its political legitimacy have influenced political security and integration. These changes have led to the classification of the country into four groups of 1) big powers, 2) the presence of countries in the stable regions, 3) the countries in crisis regions, and 4) weak and defeated countries.. Manuscript profile
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        364 - Securitization as a strategy to fighting political corruption
        Hamid Ahmadinejad Saleh Salavarzi Zadeh
        10.30495/jss.2023.1976542.1528
           Corruption, as one of the main threats to the security and prosperity of countries, has attracted the attention of thinkers and policy makers for years. The Islamic Republic of Iran is not an exception to this rule, especially since this phenomenon has beco More
           Corruption, as one of the main threats to the security and prosperity of countries, has attracted the attention of thinkers and policy makers for years. The Islamic Republic of Iran is not an exception to this rule, especially since this phenomenon has become one of the main threats to the country in recent years. Political corruption, as the most sensitive type of corruption in Iran, while affecting security in various dimensions and reducing public trust, is combined with the fact that its impact is often not well understood. As a result, political corruption in Iran needs more than new laws and institutions to fight it, it needs to find the root of the reasons for survival and failure to fight it. The purpose of this research is to present a model as a strategy for the success of the fight against corruption while investigating the cause of this failure in the fight against political corruption. Therefore, the central question of this research is; What factors in Iran have led to the ineffectiveness of the fight against political corruption, and what is the successful strategy for this fight? The findings of the research based on the descriptive-analytical method indicate that considering political corruption as a normal problem without an existential threat has led to the ineffectiveness of the approaches to combat it, and therefore securitization is the effective and real way to successfully combat it. Manuscript profile
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        365 - Analysis of the stability and vitality of Tabriz with an emphasis on safety sociological perspective.
        Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi Mirsattar Sadrmousavi Ali Azar
        Nowadays, more than 50 percent of world population lives in cities. High population density in urbane centers increases the urbane crimes and decreases the safety in urbane communities. Residents close the residential spaces illegally which made these spaces impervious More
        Nowadays, more than 50 percent of world population lives in cities. High population density in urbane centers increases the urbane crimes and decreases the safety in urbane communities. Residents close the residential spaces illegally which made these spaces impervious and reduce their vitality. The position of urbane playing in social security of citizens, identification of closed spaces in east of Tabriz, neighborhood stability testing, residents’ belonging, and presenting guidelines to increase stability of Tabriz neighborhoods are  some of the purposes of this study. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and questionnaire, field, and document studies have been used. According to data 52% of respondents considered to creating more security and privacy, 28% to the prevention of passing vehicles, and 20% to other reasons for privatizing of residential areas.  One of the important criterions of social sustainability in urban neighborhoods and securing different areas of them is social participation and social interaction of actors. In areas where social participation is high, town security and urban crime rates are low. There is a correlation between residents’ participation and security (87%), also there is a positive correlation between income and vitality (7%). According to these data, belonging to the environment, long time residency, and high income are the main reasons of social stability. Also the main reason of the respondents’ residency in these areas is the high environment security of these areas.  Manuscript profile
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        366 - Social capital and the explanation of its relationship with sense of social security(Case study: Kashan)
        Abbass Bahripour Abolfazl Zolfagari
          In the present article sense of social security divided to personal security, economic security, political security and community security, and the impact of people's social capital has been studied with social participation network, norms of trust, norms of rec More
          In the present article sense of social security divided to personal security, economic security, political security and community security, and the impact of people's social capital has been studied with social participation network, norms of trust, norms of reciprocity and social consciousness.  The research method is survey and a questionnaire has been used among residents of 18 and above 18 years old (236750) in the city of Kashan in1391. In this study, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used and the sample size of 362 was calculated using Cochran formula and the data were extracted from 359questionnaires out of 400 distributed questionnaires. The main results of the test of relationship between variables show that social capital affects the citizens' sense of social security; and there is a significant difference between sense of social security and social participation network, norms of trust and social consciousness. Also, there is no significant relationship between variables such as gender, age, marital status, occupation, and education and family funds with a sense of social security. In doing multivariate analysis five variables of age, social participation, norms of reciprocity, norm of trust and social consciousness were put into the­equation of which norm­of trust and social consciousness remained in the equation. As their coefficient of determination is 36% and regarding the standardized beta, the effect of consciousness and trust are 48% and 25% respectively.   Manuscript profile
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        367 - The study of the associated factors with the social security of virtual social networks users (Case study of Azad University of Tabriz)
        Reza Mohassel Safar Hayati
        The aim of the present research is studying and understanding of the factors related to the amount of social security feeling of users in virtual social networks. The research method was survey from analytical type. The Statistical Society of this research was all stude More
        The aim of the present research is studying and understanding of the factors related to the amount of social security feeling of users in virtual social networks. The research method was survey from analytical type. The Statistical Society of this research was all students of Tabriz Islamic Azad University in the academic year 93-94; the sample size was determined by using the Cochrane formula as 378 and for increasing confidence coefficient was raised to 400 people. Sample size was selected by simple random sampling from multistage cluster type to respond to the questionnaire. Data collecting tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and they were analyzed by SPSS software. The theoretical framework of the study based on the theories of “trust”, such as Bernard Barber, Nicholas loman, David Johnson, CellassOfeh", theories of "the sense of security," such as the school of Copenhagen, dorakim, Parsons, Marx, Mazlu, Merton, Bari Buzan","Theory of religious affiliations," David Dersler","the theory of participation by James Colman, John Alester, Gary Bekero. Findings of this study show that the level of social security feeling in virtual networks for majority of respondents is moderate (65 %). Also the most important results of this study show that: There is significant relationship between age, level of education, amount of presence of people in virtual social networks, religious affiliations of respondents, interpersonal trust between respondents, the amount of the use of content of shared materials and participation of respondents in the activities of a social network and security feeling that they have in a virtual social network. Also, there is no relationship between the marital state and gender of respondents and their level of adherence to cultural values and social security which they feel in virtual social networks. Manuscript profile
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        368 - Examining the hegemonism of basic and middle level managers in the public universities of Tabriz and related factors of it
        Habibe Naseh Garamaleki Hussein Banifatemeh Kamal Kohi
          Many experts believe that managers are the first person, infrastructure or the cornerstone of an organization and in order to achieve the desired level of productivity, the most talented people for taking responsibility must be chosen. This study examines the he More
          Many experts believe that managers are the first person, infrastructure or the cornerstone of an organization and in order to achieve the desired level of productivity, the most talented people for taking responsibility must be chosen. This study examines the hegemonism of basic and middle level managers in the public universities of Tabriz emphasizing the theories of Max Weber, Michel Foucault and also, from an organizational perspective, the concept of organizationalcommitment and job security are discussed. Statistical population is the employees and the basic and middle managers of public universities of Tabriz and data has been collected using questionnaires among the employees and administrators of public universities of Tabriz, Sahand and Azarbyjan teacher-training university.Stratified multi-stage sampling method is used and the sample size is 300 people. The results show that there is no significant relationship between age, management experience, academic rank and hegemonism of basic and middle managers of public universities of Tabriz. But there is a significant relationship between access to company information, tendency to discipline, organizational commitment, and job security and hegemonism of basic and middle managers of public universities of Tabriz. These relationships are moderate and reverse. Multiple regression results show that the variable of access to information by managers has very important role in the prediction of hegemonism of management. It can be said that three variables of access to information, tendency to discipline and commitment to the organization, can predict 33 percent of the variance of hegemonism of managers. Manuscript profile
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        369 - Development as a language game (with an approach to Japanese development)
        Ayyub Yussefpour Nezami
        Development is a linguistic issue, and developing action(s) is a kind of language game with many forms. Language is the essence of culture and "mother tongue" is the essence of humanity (being human). With such a potential that empirical paleontology studies, bio-anthro More
        Development is a linguistic issue, and developing action(s) is a kind of language game with many forms. Language is the essence of culture and "mother tongue" is the essence of humanity (being human). With such a potential that empirical paleontology studies, bio-anthropology, linguistics, and sociology reaffirm it, every human being, with a linguistic basis, is a linguistic issue. Human life is not conceivable for human being without language. This article, from the perspective of postmodern is sociology, and with the reverence of Heidegger, who said: "language is the home"; language is as the home of development and mother tongue is its spirit and soul. Development and under-development are not inherent in a particular language. Each language has a form of development game (s) in itself and its actualization is the kind of way in which culture (Interlingual, inter-language games) will be its home. This mode is not necessarily western and modern, and development is not necessarily a modernization. In this context, security and institutionalized freedom are structural and development will eventually be an "accidental". With this framework and theoretical elements, the development of Japan in the “Japanese language” was evaluated. Citing the epistemic characteristics of the Japanese language, as well as the findings of the language games of the two leading Japanese developers (Sony and Honda), we come to introductory elements of the interplay games in the identity of the Japanese development as a recovering. In the research process, the consistency of findings with the linguistic components of development in the Japanese context, with the components of the language of postmodernity, and the theory of Max Weber, was guessed that came to a positive result in an introductory test. Based on the microeconomic narratives of development, in some parts of the Japanese companies, the present study sought to draw on a lively development of Japanese language development games, as well as a new development style. And the design and implementation of other research in this area will reflect a realistic picture of Japanese language development games. Manuscript profile
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        370 - Studying the role of police crime prevention on Tabriz citizens’ security feeling
        Saeed Soltani Bahram Leila Danesh Rogayyeh Alinejad
        Today, police crime prevention is one of the fundamental factors in strengthening security.  Security feeling is one of the most striking necessities of human being which results in growth and development. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the More
        Today, police crime prevention is one of the fundamental factors in strengthening security.  Security feeling is one of the most striking necessities of human being which results in growth and development. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the police crime prevention and security feeling among Tabriz citizens. The method of this study is survey and the population of it, is citizens of Tabriz in 2014. The findings show that, there is a positive relationship between the police crime prevention and security feeling among citizens of Tabriz. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between security feelings with each of the following variables: understanding the performance of police, responsibility and police interaction with government organizations. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that, the variables mentioned above, could explain 37% of variances of Tabriz citizens’ security feeling variable. Manuscript profile
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        371 - Comparative study of social security among insured and uninsured rurals in east Azerbaijan
        Mohammad Nazari Samad Abedini
        The purpose of the present survey is a comparative study of social security among insured and uninsured peasants in eastern Azerbaijan. The study is useable, explanatory and survey. Population of the study is included all optionally registered members in rural's social More
        The purpose of the present survey is a comparative study of social security among insured and uninsured peasants in eastern Azerbaijan. The study is useable, explanatory and survey. Population of the study is included all optionally registered members in rural's social insurance fund who were 177497. The sample size is 384 insured and uninsured peasants in eastern Azerbaijan who were selected by Cochran formula. To collect the data a questionnaire was used that is consistence with experts’ idea's and its reliability estimated by Cronbach α. In this query considering variables, 6hypotheses are offered and social security feeling of respondents is investigated in terms of finance, honor and respectfulness, and in total in terms of variables such as age, sex, education's grade and household size, marital status and insurance. Finding suggested that there is a significant difference between insured and uninsured social security feeling.   Manuscript profile
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        372 - The relationship between social capital and citizens’ social security in Sardasht
        Rahmat Ebrahimpour Mahmood Elmi
        This research aims at clarifying the relationship between social capital and citizens’ social security in Sardasht. The population of the study includes all people who are above 18 years old in Sardasht that were 17321. This study is a survey and 375 were selected More
        This research aims at clarifying the relationship between social capital and citizens’ social security in Sardasht. The population of the study includes all people who are above 18 years old in Sardasht that were 17321. This study is a survey and 375 were selected as a sample using multi-stage stratified sampling method. To test the relationship between social capital and social security the Pearson test was used. The results show that, there is a relationship between social capital and social security. The more social capital among people, the more social security is felt. Our findings show that greater the social capital will be increased sense of security and for each of the four21 dimensions of social capital was significant and In the final analysis, social participation index has shown the highest correlation with the feeling of social security. Among the individual components either gender, have been effective in the sense of security.it is suggested that, cultural planners with careful and deliberate planning and strengthen the four major indicators of social capital try to develop the sense of security.  Manuscript profile
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        373 - Examining the relationship between religiosity and social security feeling Among students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz
        Soraya Akbari Shahabi Davood Ebrahimpoor
        Security is one of the essential needs of every human being. A sense of security is an issue that has been recently noticed by scholars of human sciences such as sociology, psychology, social psychology and political science. This study aimed to investigate the relation More
        Security is one of the essential needs of every human being. A sense of security is an issue that has been recently noticed by scholars of human sciences such as sociology, psychology, social psychology and political science. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between religiosity and feeling of security. The study population consisted of students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz from whom 380 were selected using stratified random sampling method. Using the security theory of Barry Buzan, Mahler and Emile Durkheim the sense of security is explained. The findings show a direct relationship between five dimensions of religiosity and the sense of social security. Manuscript profile
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        374 - Youth social security sense and related factors with it
        Hussein Banifateme Amine Salimi
        Sense of security is one of the most important components of quality of life in cities and social damages are among the most important insecurity outcomes. Nowadays, with the popularity of social insecurities in cities, the issue of social security and related factors o More
        Sense of security is one of the most important components of quality of life in cities and social damages are among the most important insecurity outcomes. Nowadays, with the popularity of social insecurities in cities, the issue of social security and related factors on it, is necessary. This study aimed to investigate the sense of social security and its related factors in 1391. In this study, sense of social security has been considered from three dimensions of: sense of physical, financial and moral securities. Theoretical framework of the study drawn from views of the three Copenhagen school scholars namely Barry Buzan, Al weaver and Bayren Molar. The research method was survey and a questionnaire was used to collect data. The population was all students of Islamic Azad University of Bukan, and the sample size was calculated through Cochran formula and 242 students were selected. The sampling method was stratified random sampling and the SPSS was used to analyze the data. The results indicate that, the sense of security among students is moderate. Among three dimensions of sense of social security the physical, financial and moral securities obtained the highest score respectively.Also, Pearson correlation shows that, there is a direct correlation between social security and the variables like participation, order, relationship, identity and social control. The relationship between social security and gender and ethnicity is not significant.   Manuscript profile
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        375 - Influential factors on Social Security among citizens of Tabriz
        Khadijeh Jafari Sajad Mesgarzadeh Mohammad Mirzakhani
        This article concentrates on the identifying some influential factors related to Social Security among citizens of Tabriz metropolitan in 2016. This study is a cross-sectional survey and using multi-stage cluster sampling method 400 cases selected as the sample size. Po More
        This article concentrates on the identifying some influential factors related to Social Security among citizens of Tabriz metropolitan in 2016. This study is a cross-sectional survey and using multi-stage cluster sampling method 400 cases selected as the sample size. Population of the study was the citizen's between 18-64 years old and the Likert scale were used for data gathering. In order to investigate the reliability and construct validity of the scales, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis were used respectively. This article used Pearson correlation for bivariate analysis, and structural equation model (SEM) for multivariate analysis. The statistical packages used in this study are SPSS20 and Lisrel 8.8 software. The findings suggest that, 1. the level of social security in different aspects (objective and subjective) among the citizens is moderate, 2. there is a meaningful relationship between social security and residential 3. The model showed that internal factors such as awareness, life satisfaction and Citizenship responsibility compared to external and physical factors, such as police presence and its function, have a more significant effect on creating social security among citizens of Tabriz 4. It was also found that media plays an important role in increasing social security in the community. Manuscript profile
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        376 - Examination of economic and social factors related to teachers’ job satisfaction in Bostanabad
        Masoud Bromand masoume faridi sani
        This research aimed to investigate the level of job satisfaction among the teachers and determines the related economic and social factors. The research method is survey and the instrument is closed questionnaire. The statistical population of the research was 420 teach More
        This research aimed to investigate the level of job satisfaction among the teachers and determines the related economic and social factors. The research method is survey and the instrument is closed questionnaire. The statistical population of the research was 420 teachers of Bostanabad province in 2014, which 20 teachers were selected using Cochran formula by cluster random sampling as a final sample. The data were analyzed by SPSS. To test the hypotheses t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and analysis of variance and regression were used.The result showed that in total, the teachers' jobs satisfaction is medium. Also, there is a significant correlation among variables of feelings of deprivation, alienation from work, job security and job satisfaction. Regression analysis results show that, modified coefficient of 39% depicts the variables of job security. Alienation from work and feelings of deprivation could explain 0.93 of the job satisfaction dependent variable changes.   Manuscript profile
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        377 - Examining the social, security and border issues of Iran and Turkey
        Mehdi Najafi Akbar Mehdizadeh
        The importance of borders is known as privacies in diplomatic relations and it is based on international conventions and universal rights as a factor for stability and peace between nations or disputes and conflicts among them. Therefore, an important part of foreign an More
        The importance of borders is known as privacies in diplomatic relations and it is based on international conventions and universal rights as a factor for stability and peace between nations or disputes and conflicts among them. Therefore, an important part of foreign and domestic policies is in compliance with the borders formed and defined based on geopolitical position of the border. One of the tensest borders of Iran is northwest boundary which has long noteworthy for authorities. Although the borders have been the places for conflicts and tensions between governments, direct and wide impact of borders in national security, sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity and diplomacy reveals the importance of borders. The importance of border is not a factor for separation of nations and government contradictions, but is known as a ring for connecting them. Understanding the impact of cross-border markets, problems of sectarianism, presence of terrorist groups in the border, Turkey’s membership in the North Atlantic Treaty organization (NATO) and role of media are the purposes of this research that can be considered as examples of security challenges in Iran and Turkey border. Manuscript profile
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        378 - The study of social factors associated with the students’ quality of life in Islamic Azad University of Tabriz
        Zahra Mahammadi Gojani Samad Sabagh
        The purpose of this study is social factors associated with quality of life of students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. The survey method was conducted. The study consisted of all students (31447) among whom the sample size of 323 students were selected using Coch More
        The purpose of this study is social factors associated with quality of life of students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. The survey method was conducted. The study consisted of all students (31447) among whom the sample size of 323 students were selected using Cochran formula. Standard questionnaires were used for quality of life and social participation, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used for social security that their validity and reliability were confirmed. According to the results obtained in research there is a meaningful relationship between the sense of social security, social participation and quality of life. Also, there is a significant difference between quality of life by gender and faculty. But there was no significant difference between the quality of life and level of education. Manuscript profile
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        379 - Sociology of online life style and the legal foundations of children's ethical security in an interpretation of human rights and the child rights
        Ayyub Yussefpour Nezami
        Contrary to popular beliefs that regard cyberspace as a communication tool (phone) or as a media (TV) this paper, considering its power and functional scope, has proposed it as a new category of society and human relationship. The social-ethical security of children in More
        Contrary to popular beliefs that regard cyberspace as a communication tool (phone) or as a media (TV) this paper, considering its power and functional scope, has proposed it as a new category of society and human relationship. The social-ethical security of children in the online life style is also the structural element of this community / fluid hypertext (cyberspace). The researcher has inferred the necessity of the study, (using the application of the interpretive rights method), from the text of the two Universal Charter of Human Rights and the Child Rights; and has been proposed and advocated it in the form of a "limited discourse of the rationalization of the virtual community", in particular with a view to protecting the social ethics of children and supporting the unrepeatable experience of young children. Refraining from any epistemic controversy with the cognitive -technological origins of cyberspace, the discourse is based on western knowledge and philosophy. Such an approach is precisely the use of an internal critique of the pathology of cyberspace. The result is that, in the process of such an acceptable discourse by collective conscience and public opinion (especially in the West), the adoption of international legal measures has been proposed to seek technological, epistemological, legal and cultural reconstruction of the virtual community. This proposal is aimed at protecting the family, the social-ethical security of children and supporting the unrepeatable childhood experiences. Manuscript profile
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        380 - Investigation of the social factors associated with early marriage in Naghadeh
        Habibe Ebrahimi Sirous Fakhrayi
        The present study aims to investigate the social factors associated with early marriage in Naghadeh city. In this study, 292 women were selected by systematic random sampling method. Statistical methods were Pearson correlation, t-test and Anova test. The social factors More
        The present study aims to investigate the social factors associated with early marriage in Naghadeh city. In this study, 292 women were selected by systematic random sampling method. Statistical methods were Pearson correlation, t-test and Anova test. The social factors which their relationship with women’s marriage were measured are the use of mass media, traditional customs and behavior of families, easy selection of the partner, women's sense of security and the distrust of women. Also, there are some underlying factors such as, social status, economic and educational levels among women.The results show a positive and meaningful correlation between the rate of mass media (the level of significance 0/017) ,traditional customs and behavior of households (0/000), easy selection of the partner (0/000), the amount of social security for women (0/000) and the distrust of women (0/000) with  marriage age. Also, there is a positive and meaningful relationship between underlying variables such as the social and economic base (0/002), education (0/000), marriage age and living place (0/001).      Manuscript profile
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        381 - Examination of cultural and social factors associated with teachers’ social confidence in Salmas in educational year of 1393-94
        Ashraf Pilnejhad Hussein Mirzaei
        The purpose of this study is to examine cultural and social factors associated with teachers’ social confidence levels in the first year high school in Salmas city is 1393-94 educational years. The population of the study is all searchers ion Salmas, and the sampl More
        The purpose of this study is to examine cultural and social factors associated with teachers’ social confidence levels in the first year high school in Salmas city is 1393-94 educational years. The population of the study is all searchers ion Salmas, and the sample size using Cochran formula is 147 males and 103 females who were selected by cluster random sampling. The validity of the questionnaire is of face validity type and its reliability was estimated by Cronbach alpha. The final data in descriptive level were analyzed by frequency, percentage and diagram and in inferential level were analyzed using variance, Pearson and T test. The findings show that, there is a direct and meaningful relationship between independent variables of (Religious beliefs, social security, Traditionalism, Social status, Altruism) with teachers’ social trust. Also, there is a reverse relationship between background variables of (education, field of teaching, teaching location and gender) social confidence. Manuscript profile
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        382 - The examination of the relationship between social capital and health and social security
        Nasser Fegh-hi Farahmand Saied Zanjani
        Growth of a community and prosperity depend on its human, material and social capitals and theses capitals need security, sense of security and safety. Health is the most fundamental component of the welfare of society and rather than medical investigations depend on so More
        Growth of a community and prosperity depend on its human, material and social capitals and theses capitals need security, sense of security and safety. Health is the most fundamental component of the welfare of society and rather than medical investigations depend on social factors. In fact, social health is called to a kind of mental, social and individual health that according to Keynesian theory is based on five dimensions of social integration, acceptance, contribution, flourishment and cohesion which has important role in increasing security in the society. The concept of social capital due to its nature related to all issues and topics in human and social fields. According to these interactions, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between social capital and social health and social security. Accordingly, social capital is considered from two dimensions of cultural (types of trust) and structural (social participation) and also emotional and financial support of network. The method of the study is cross-sectional survey and the data were collected using questionnaire. The population was 375 households who were randomly selected by stratified sampling. The data were analyzed using SPSS, T-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results show that there is a meaningful relationship between all dimensions of social capital and social health. Also, there is a direct relationship between social capital and health and social security.                                                                                                            Manuscript profile
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        383 - Social factors effecting on sense of social security )Case Study: female students in Jahrom universities(
        Abolghasem Mosallinejad Fakhrosadat Piltan
        The aim of this study is to evaluate effective social factors on social security with survey research method. The study population consisted of all university female students in Jahrom city and using Cochran formula 327 were selected as the sample. Data was collected us More
        The aim of this study is to evaluate effective social factors on social security with survey research method. The study population consisted of all university female students in Jahrom city and using Cochran formula 327 were selected as the sample. Data was collected using a multi-stage random cluster sampling and the reliability and validity of questions were assessed. Results indicate that, there are significant differences between indigenous and non-indigenous students and the type of university with a sense of social security. Pearson correlation test results show that, there is a significant relationship between theuniversity status,rumors and social participationas independent variables with a sense of social security. According to the regression data, variables such as university status,rumors, being indigenous and non-indigenous and social participationhave impact on social security, with maximum determination 0.242. Manuscript profile
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        384 - Examining the relationship between social security and social participation among high school students in Shoot
        Mehdi Rezazadeh Mahmood Elmi
        However one of the most common ways to provide social security in third world countries is the use of violent, but experience has proved that despite the quick accessibility of this type of security, stability and durability of it is very low. Stability of security come More
        However one of the most common ways to provide social security in third world countries is the use of violent, but experience has proved that despite the quick accessibility of this type of security, stability and durability of it is very low. Stability of security comes only through the establishment of it in a society and the feeling of public participation and responsibility for social security. Statistical population of the study is all high school students of Shoot (1961) and the sample of the study is 320 students who were selected through stratified sampling method. The sample size was obtained using Cochran sampling formula. This research is a survey and the data gathered by a questionnaire. The results show that, there is a relationship between the feeling of security and social participation among high school students in Shoot. Manuscript profile
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        385 - Studying Orientation level of Family Heads to Tourism and Its Relationship with Variables of Sense of social security, Piety and Self- Esteem in 10 Districts of Tabriz Municipality
        Maasumeh Aftabi Mohammad Abbaszadeh
        Studying the role of sense of social security, piety and self-esteem inorientation to health tourism is the most important objectives of the presentstudy. In this survey research, 400 family heads rom 10 districts of Tabrizmunicipality were selected as sample size using More
        Studying the role of sense of social security, piety and self-esteem inorientation to health tourism is the most important objectives of the presentstudy. In this survey research, 400 family heads rom 10 districts of Tabrizmunicipality were selected as sample size using clustered samplingmethod, being studied with the aid of questioner research tool. 31% ofstatistical population of this study was women and 69% were men. Resultsof the study indicated that, there is a direct and significant relationshipbetween sense of social security and Tabriz family heads’ health tourismorientation. There is a significant relationship between piety and familyheads’ health tourism orientation. However there is not significant relationbetween the variable of self-esteem and orientation to health tourismamong family heads of Tabriz city. Manuscript profile
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        386 - Ethnic Inequality and National Security
        Mohammad Youssefi Joybari Yasser Seydi Mohammadi Alireza Fattahi
        Ethnicity and nationalism have always been important components of social and political studies which originate from racial differences. Inequality and ethnic diversity is not a threat in itself and if it is considered as a normal thing in a society and also is a corn s More
        Ethnicity and nationalism have always been important components of social and political studies which originate from racial differences. Inequality and ethnic diversity is not a threat in itself and if it is considered as a normal thing in a society and also is a corn stone of it, can provide opportunities for social prosperity. National security and political participation and its relationship to ethnic communities are very important. The more the sense of 'self' in ethnic communities the more their political participation and national security will be and vice versa. The process of globalization and the spread of communication transform and complicate the situation and it also has great influence on ethnic feelings and national security of societies. This paper seeks to answer the key question of “what is the role of ethnic inequalities in national security?”. The hypothesis is that, the ethnic inequalities reduce the national security and political participation. Also, social participation of ethnic groups will increase their political understanding, accountability and strengthen their commitment to the government. Manuscript profile
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        387 - The study of the rate of social health among primary school teachers in Ardabil and social factors associated to it
        Mohammad Zali Arallou mohsen alaei
        The aim of this study was to evaluate social factors associated with social health of teachers. The goal of this study was applied and the research method was descriptive and correlation one; so in terms of data collection method it is a survey research method. The popu More
        The aim of this study was to evaluate social factors associated with social health of teachers. The goal of this study was applied and the research method was descriptive and correlation one; so in terms of data collection method it is a survey research method. The population of all primary school teachers in the city of Ardabil was 1975 people and according to Cochran formula for infinite population, the sample size was estimated 321 people. The sampling method was simple random. Both standard and self-made questionnaire were used for collecting data. Social health questionnaire (Keyes) and social factors associated with public health (self-made) in which the Cronbach's alpha coefficient obtained 0/776 and 0/834 respectively that were indicative of the reliability of questions. To summarize the data, the descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation …) was used and also inferential statistics was used for examining the relationship between variables (the Pearson correlation coefficient, as well as analysis of variance and independent T-test). The results indicated that, there is a significant difference between social health of teachers. And also there is a significant relationship between variables of social alienation, social trust, social commitment, responsibility, sense of security in the urban environment and social health of teachers, but there is no significant relation between age, number of children, income and social health of teachers. Also there is no significant difference between gender and social health of teachers. On the other hand, there is a significant difference between social health of teachers in terms of education. Manuscript profile
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        388 - Comparative analysis of the physical and metaphysical value orientation among the citizens in Oshnavieh with an emphasis on generational differences
        Fakhradin Mam Ali Afshar Kabiri
        This research is a comparative analysis of the physical and metaphysical value orientation among the citizens in Oshnavieh with an emphasis on generational differences. Statistical population was 27135 people and the sample size is 385 people according to Cochran formul More
        This research is a comparative analysis of the physical and metaphysical value orientation among the citizens in Oshnavieh with an emphasis on generational differences. Statistical population was 27135 people and the sample size is 385 people according to Cochran formula. The research method is survey and data collected through a questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the reliability of measurement instruments. The results show that, there is no generational difference between religiosity and orientation of two generations in terms of cultural capital, but there is a generational difference between the generations, in terms of use and influence of the mass media. Value orientation of two generations is also different based on educational practices, the amount of security feeling and the type of socio-economic base. Manuscript profile
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        389 - Examining the role of social factors on citizen's participation in civil affairs (case study).
        Kamran Sedaghat Naser Ghahreman
        The purpose of this study is to examine the role of social factors on Maragheh citizen's participation in civil affairs.The population of the study is 383 people of above 18 years old in Maragheh and were selected by multistage cluster sampling.The research method is su More
        The purpose of this study is to examine the role of social factors on Maragheh citizen's participation in civil affairs.The population of the study is 383 people of above 18 years old in Maragheh and were selected by multistage cluster sampling.The research method is survey and questionnaire and interview are the instruments.The data were analyzed using R Pearson, R spear-man, T test and AN OVA.The results show that there is a meaningful relationship between dependent variables( of civic consciousness, social coherence, social security, propensity to progress, age, gender, income and occupation)and social participation.Also, the propensity to progress is the most effective factor in social participation.It means that more propensity to progress causes to more participation of the citizens. Manuscript profile
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        390 - The Discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Area of Security with an Emphasis on the Component of “National Unity among the Islamic Schools of Thought”
        keyvan heidarnejad babak pourghahramani jamal Beygi
        The current study, which is descriptive and has been conducted according to the analytical-descriptive methodology, attempts to explain the discourse of the Iran in the area of security with a focus on the major and important component of “national unity among the More
        The current study, which is descriptive and has been conducted according to the analytical-descriptive methodology, attempts to explain the discourse of the Iran in the area of security with a focus on the major and important component of “national unity among the Islamic schools of thought”. In this discourse, the component of “national unity among the Islamic schools of thought” has a significant importance and status and whether it can be fulfilled or not can have positive and negative consequences, respectively. First, according to the law, all the Islamic schools of thought are supporte Manuscript profile
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        391 - Political Security of Citizens in Iranian Jurisprudence and Law and International Documents
        sayed askari Hosseini Moghadam sayed ali hashemi khan abbasi mehran sharifi kelarijani
        Security can be the most important factor in the formation of human communities. Because human beings have come together to meet their natural needs for material and mental security and have formed civil life. Situational security is based on the existence of a reasonab More
        Security can be the most important factor in the formation of human communities. Because human beings have come together to meet their natural needs for material and mental security and have formed civil life. Situational security is based on the existence of a reasonable and proportionate relationship between the actors' wishes to have within a political unit that ultimately gives the actors satisfaction. With the development of human societies, new horizons have been opened in the field of security and new dimensions have been added, one of which is the new dimension of "political security". Whereas some experts consider this dimension of security to be more prominent than other aspects of security. In fact, the security of the political system has always been one of the most important prerequisites for other aspects of security (personal, public, economic, social, etc.), thus being one of the most elaborate and oldest security research topics. Therefore, the issue of security, and in particular political security, is considered as one of the key components of fundamental human rights in all modern societies and has taken on the essence of human rights. This research seeks to recognize the issue of citizens' political security in Iranian jurisprudence and law as well as international documents. In this regard, in the Imamiyyah jurisprudence, the right to exercise and express political opinions is considered to be the most important statement in the political security of individuals and in other comprehensive rights and political freedoms. Manuscript profile
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        392 - -
        mokhtar bidarvand babak pourghahramani jamal beigi
        10.3495/jiil.2022.692550
        -
        - Manuscript profile
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        393 - An analysis of the role of environmental crimes in national security; jurisprudential, legal and criminological approaches
        Sarah Ziadkhani Sadegh Salimi Seyed Abdolali Ghavam
        10.3495/jiil.2023.707927
        A threat to national security is an action or a series of events that seriously threatens the quality of life of the residents of a country or the scope of authority of a government or private units belonging to a country in choosing policies in a more or less short per More
        A threat to national security is an action or a series of events that seriously threatens the quality of life of the residents of a country or the scope of authority of a government or private units belonging to a country in choosing policies in a more or less short period of time. It is extremely dangerous. National security can be discussed as a very important phenomenon, and one of these areas is the environmental issue, which has caused the formation of new debates under the title of environmental security. The numerous characteristics of environmental damage that have irreparable effects have caused this category to become a significant influence in jeopardizing national and international security and to face a serious risk to sustainable development. This research described the important concepts of the study with a descriptive-analytical method, and then it examines the impact of the green belt on national security and environmental security from a legal, jurisprudential and criminological point of view. Manuscript profile
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        394 - Legal Explanation of Security Control of the Strait of Hormuz in International Law
        Mahdi Salehi
        The legal status of the Strait of Hormuz, considered an international strait, is affected by the rights of international waterways. The security of Iran and the region are interdependent and the international law of the seas does not accept this, except in exceptional c More
        The legal status of the Strait of Hormuz, considered an international strait, is affected by the rights of international waterways. The security of Iran and the region are interdependent and the international law of the seas does not accept this, except in exceptional cases during armed conflict and only through inspections of ships. Findings show that the issue of sovereignty over the seas surrounding their land has long been the focus of lawyers and politicians and various theories and doctrines have been put forward. The Strait of Hormuz is of particular security importance internationally and it is the most important shipping bottleneck in the world and the countries of the region and the world depend on it for exports and imports. The most important reason for its superiority over other straits is the strategic location of the Persian Gulf. That adds to the importance of the gorge as an area with the largest proven reserves of energy and the role of the Strait of Hormuz in this strategic region as a link between the Persian Gulf and the energy transmitter of this region to the world.The purpose is to identify the role of the Strait of Hormuz in securing the Islamic Republic of Iran. The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical and has been made available through the use of library documents and resources and the availability of books and articles.Key words: Strait of Hormuz - National Security - International Law - Persian Gulf - Islamic Republic of Iran Manuscript profile
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        395 - Realization of human security through security in international political economy.
        Hadi Masoudifar Alireza Arashpoor masoud Raei Dehaghi
        Considering the evolutions of international relationships in modern world, development of the related needs of human society in social, economic, political, and cultural grounds in particular, and human societies entering trade and technological competitions, it seems n More
        Considering the evolutions of international relationships in modern world, development of the related needs of human society in social, economic, political, and cultural grounds in particular, and human societies entering trade and technological competitions, it seems necessary to provide a new classification of the concept of human security to be more compatible with current realities in the development of international trade. Accordingly, it is necessary, first, to examine transition from the concept of national security towards economic security, then, suggest and explain modern concepts in the field of human security. Accordingly, in the present research, the concept of human security has transited from merely military and environmental necessities and, in a modern approach, is considered in the form of the concept of international trade with the aim of protecting the trade data. Also, in this research, edited based on inductive method and library studies, the prevention principle is considered, as a modern method, to prevent trade data and intellectual property from being leaked to trade security to be realized. Manuscript profile
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        396 - Influence of ISIS in Central Asia and its Impact on Iran's National Security
        Zahra Tavakoli Kayhan Barzegar Majid Tavasoli roknabadi
        In this study, the dangers of ISIS's Influence in Central Asia and its impact on Iran's national security are examined. Failed and fragile states in Central Asia do not have the ability to promote prosperity, security, education, and awareness for their people. As a res More
        In this study, the dangers of ISIS's Influence in Central Asia and its impact on Iran's national security are examined. Failed and fragile states in Central Asia do not have the ability to promote prosperity, security, education, and awareness for their people. As a result, conditions are ripe for the people to lean towards extremism. Due to the presence of takfiri extremism on the western borders of Iran (Iraq and Syria), there are serious risks of this spreading to its eastern borders in Central Asia. Despite the existing hegemony between Iran and Russia and their mutual efforts to stop this current in the region, should the extremism on both sides of its borders join hands, Iran’s security will be seriously compromised in three ways to face serious challenges. Firstly, the extremism will span on its northern, eastern, and western borders; secondly, regional and trans-regional actors will use takfiri extremism for their strategic rivalries; and thirdly, a worsening case in Afghanistan will impact Iran’s security. Thus, focusing on “Regional and trans-regional convergence” can be the most important strategy for Iran to deal with this phenomenon. Manuscript profile
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        397 - The approach of the International Criminal Court regarding the criminal immunity of high-ranking government officials
        javad Hoseymikhah karam janipour ghavam karimi
        The immunity of high-ranking government officials from the domestic courts of other countries has led to various international procedures and approaches to immunity, responsibility, the formation of mixed criminal courts, and the use of UN Security Council capacities to More
        The immunity of high-ranking government officials from the domestic courts of other countries has led to various international procedures and approaches to immunity, responsibility, the formation of mixed criminal courts, and the use of UN Security Council capacities to establish criminal courts between Has created a special international. In parallel with the escalation of large-scale international crime, especially during World War II and the subsequent establishment of the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals, the principle of immunity of high-ranking government officials from international crime faced many challenges, culminating in Considered the formation of criminal courts related to the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda and finally the adoption of the Rome Statute to establish the International Criminal Court. Although the legal and judicial procedure of the Court indicates the non-acceptance of immunity arising from official position due to the commission of international crimes, but the descriptive-analytical study of this issue shows the existence of serious challenges and limitations before the Court in performing its legal duties. They can be attributed to the role of political considerations, incompatibility in rulings with acts committed, non-cooperation of member states in cooperating with the Court for various reasons, limitations on the jurisdiction and type and timing of acts committed, as well as restrictions on the relationship between the Court and The UN Security Council noted. Manuscript profile
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        398 - Security policy making in the political thought of Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei, opportunities and challenges
        mahdi eghrarian hamid Pishgah Hadiyan gholamhosein bolandian Akbar Ashrafi
        The decision-making process about security issues in the Islamic Republic of Iran is centralized in nature. Iran is considered among the countries that have a centralized political and security structure. Therefore, such a country has various formations of devices, inst More
        The decision-making process about security issues in the Islamic Republic of Iran is centralized in nature. Iran is considered among the countries that have a centralized political and security structure. Therefore, such a country has various formations of devices, institutions and processes that organize and implement security policy. Processes are intertwined in nature. Decision-making processes with a bureaucratic approach are given less attention. In this regard, each country, in accordance with its values, ideals, goals and national interests, takes steps to determine the necessary and appropriate processes for security policymaking, but the issue of security It is not simply possible, but this requires paying attention to the basics and analytical elements of security in each system. For example, the security issue of each assumed unit is related to its values, ideals, security reference and threats. The type of applied-developmental research and its method is descriptive-analytical.The purpose of this article is to explain the security policy in the political thought of Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei with emphasis on the existing opportunities and challenges. In order to achieve this purpose, the statements, letters, rulings and orders of the leadership, which are the intellectual reference of this issue, have been used. In this regard, His Holiness's statements in the field of the research topic were studied with the full number method and interviews were conducted with 20 elites and experts on the subject. Also, 110 questionnaires were distributed among the statistical sample population. Manuscript profile
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        399 - The Role of Oil in the Formulation of Foreign Policy and Security Strategy of United States
        ابوالقاسم طاهری قاسم ترابی
        American foreign policy, particularly with respect to the oil region of the Middle East, is highly influenced by United States need for oil. The decades’ presence of the United States in the oil rich region of the Middle East along with its high political, economi More
        American foreign policy, particularly with respect to the oil region of the Middle East, is highly influenced by United States need for oil. The decades’ presence of the United States in the oil rich region of the Middle East along with its high political, economical and military costs to guarantee oil flow to the United States is indicative of how oil is important in the formulation of Macro foreign policy strategies by the United States. Thus, it is obvious that without an in depth understanding of role of oil in the politics, economy and military strategies of the United State one cannot have a clear grasp and perception of the nature of the security and military strategies formulate by this country. Hence, it is aimed in this article to understand how the goal of guaranteeing the oil flow to the United States influences the formulation of security and military strategy of this nation. Obama’s energy doctrine which is based on the reduction of United States dependence on the imported oil and search for the possibilities of finding new sources of energy and other alternative fuel efficient sources are explored and analyzed in the last part of this article. Manuscript profile
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        400 - Evaluative Approach to the Foreign Policy of Islamic Republic of Iran: with an Emphasis on East and Shanghai Cooperative Organization
        کیهان برزگر علی آدمی
        Researches on the strategies toward the nations of East Asia aim to evaluate the possibilities of attaining political and security interests of Islamic republic of Iran in case of increasing cooperation with these nations. Present Iranian strategies toward East are so f More
        Researches on the strategies toward the nations of East Asia aim to evaluate the possibilities of attaining political and security interests of Islamic republic of Iran in case of increasing cooperation with these nations. Present Iranian strategies toward East are so formulated to make Iran able to neutralize the negative ramification of unilateral confrontation approaches taken by the West against Iran. So, it is tried in this article to examine how Iran could pursue its national interest within the nations of East Asia. These nations with their somewhat contrasting ideological approaches provide unfavorable conditions for Iran to formulate a coherent strategy for mutual cooperation in various areas of significant to Iran. This author believes that regionalism with an eastern approach best serves our national interest at the present time. Identity and cultural similarities’ of Islamic republic of Iran with those of these nations in East Asia provides an ample opportunity for us to pursue our security and economic objectives. Pursuing a coherent policy could provide and ensure the strategic and security necessities in the long run. Shanghai Cooperation Organization with two permanent members (Russia and China) of UN Security Council having more than one-third of the world population, vast territory and economic ability heralds a potentially powerful coalition in the future. Islamic republic of Iran with its present observation role in this organization and also the demand to become its permanent members leads to certain implications which within the framework and opportunities of membership facilitate the analysis of Iranian foreign policy. In this article, we aim to assess Iranian membership in this organization on four dimensions of Iranian politics, security, economic and culture. On this basis, we first apply theoretical explanations of the origin and continuation of Shanghai Organization. Having done this, we then study the effect of Iranian membership in this organization on dimensions of politics, security, economic and culture. Finally, the probability and improbability of Iran to become the permanent member of Shanghai Organization will be discussed and suggestions, based on our findings, will be made to the Iranian diplomatic approach. Manuscript profile
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        401 - a
        Yadollah Mohammadi hasan khodaverdi Garineh Keshishyan Siraki masoud motallebi
        aaaa
        aaaa Manuscript profile
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        402 - The Impact of Iran’s Nuclear Activities on Security Convergence Among the Members of Persian Gulf Cooperation Council (PGCC)
        ahmad Doostmohammadi Abdolazim Ghobeishi Yaser Moradi Abbasabadi
        In the last several decades, the Persian Gulf region has become a paramount issue of international security. Various factors, such as energy resources, regional competition and the interest of super powers in the region have been the causes of convergence and/or diverge More
        In the last several decades, the Persian Gulf region has become a paramount issue of international security. Various factors, such as energy resources, regional competition and the interest of super powers in the region have been the causes of convergence and/or divergence in the foreign policy of Persian Gulf Countries. Recently, however, a new dimension, Iran’s nuclear activities, has been added to the above referred factors creating a further confliction ground to already existing turbulent region. The purpose of this study is to show how the believe of the United States that Iran hides its real intention of opting for atomic weaponry under the pretext of atomic activity for merely energy production and peaceful use of it  has pushed the region into a new security phase. Thus, by accusing Iran’s purpose of nuclear activity to be directed toward obtaining nuclear weaponry, the United States in fact trying to enhance its own and Israel’s interest in the region. Manuscript profile
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        403 - Culmination of NATO’s Presence in Afghanistan; Security or Spread of Insecurity and Terrorism
        مجید بزرگمهری
        In recent years, NATO’s new policy is assessed in accordance to the abilities of expanding its geographical sphere and increased role in world’s affairs including fight against terrorism. By taking advantage of present power vacuum, due to falling apart of W More
        In recent years, NATO’s new policy is assessed in accordance to the abilities of expanding its geographical sphere and increased role in world’s affairs including fight against terrorism. By taking advantage of present power vacuum, due to falling apart of WARSAW Pact after the demise of communism in Russia and other communist nations in Eastern Europe, NATO tries to expand its sphere of influence from its traditional area, such as Atlantic and Europe, to Asia, Oceanic and Middle East. The present study, by employing the descriptive-analytic method, aims to know the capabilities of NATO and challenges faced with in establishing order and security in Afghanistan. Hence, the main question to be answered in this paper is what are the prospects of NATO being able to eliminate the network and the bases of terrorism in Afghanistan? Manuscript profile
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        404 - a
        Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini Farzad Navabakhsh Frank Seyedi
        a
        a Manuscript profile
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        405 - a
        آرش نمازی شیشوان ahmad saei حمیدرضا ملک محمدی صادق زیباکلام مفرد
        a
        a Manuscript profile
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        406 - The Strategy toward East in the Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Viewpoints, Settings and Opportunities
        Ali Adami
        Soviet Union collapse and the end of cold war have increased by twofold the significance of geopolitics and regional orientation in the international system in a way that many countries have selected regional orientation as a fundamental and stable concept to achieve th More
        Soviet Union collapse and the end of cold war have increased by twofold the significance of geopolitics and regional orientation in the international system in a way that many countries have selected regional orientation as a fundamental and stable concept to achieve their national interest and security. Over the past years, the dominant theoretical and practical perspective in the foreign policy of Iran was solely concentrated on the west at the expense of neglecting a particular strategy toward east. This type of Strategy in the foreign policy caused negligence of other power sources and centers as well as global wealth particularly near the boundaries. However, the strategy of east outlook has turned into a regional orientation strategy on the part of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the geographical and geopolitical outlook since Iran is one of those countries enjoying geostrategic, geo-economics and geopolitical advantages due to its geographical and political location. Accordingly, "east outlook strategy" which enjoys historical and scientific logic as well as political and geographical reasons in the foreign policy of Iran causes a new identification in the discourse of foreign policy and its importance increases steadily. The present study aims to investigate the viewpoints, settings and prospects of the east outlook strategy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.                Manuscript profile
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        407 - aa
        ehsan razani mohsen shariatinia
        aa
        aa Manuscript profile
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        408 - a
        مهدخت ذاکری
        Manuscript profile
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        409 - a
        ghorbanali mahboubi seyed mohammadreza mousavi seyed alireza azizmousavi
        a
        a Manuscript profile
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        410 - a
        Javad Shamsi Ali akbar jafari
        a
        a Manuscript profile
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        411 - a
        حسن شمسینی غیاثوند احسان امجدیان
        Manuscript profile
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        412 - Jurisprudential bases of punishing corruption in the land for embezzlement (Article 4 of the law on intensifying the punishment for bribery, embezzlement and fraud)
        Zakiyeh Ebrahimzadeh
        10.22034/ijrj.2023.708068
        The punishment for embezzlement is tazir،and inArticle 4 of the law،it has been ntensifie that if embezzlement is an example of corruption in the world ،The punishment will be an example of corruptionin the earth.Aninportant question arises asto how embezzlement canbe c More
        The punishment for embezzlement is tazir،and inArticle 4 of the law،it has been ntensifie that if embezzlement is an example of corruption in the world ،The punishment will be an example of corruptionin the earth.Aninportant question arises asto how embezzlement canbe considered as an example of corruptioninthe earth .what is the criterion of embezzlement and offsad in the world?The meaning of corruptionin on earth is any action that causes the financial loss of the youth or morals  of society and leads to the ruin of that society.Therefore’ the scope corruption on earth is wide and it is not limited to a specific act or type of sin and corruption،but with regard to by its naturei،t is an independent title from the punishment that the lslamic ruler can’by determining the conditions، rule on the correctness of applying the punishment of ofsad fi al-arz on embezzlement or its non-compliance.The relationship between these two titles is not equal. Theresult of this article is that Applying embezzlement to offsad in the world is conceivable if embezzlement causes deprivation of the general economic security of the society and creates financial disturbance in the lslamic society. The following article is presented using library and software resources،descriptive and analytical. Manuscript profile
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        413 - The ratio of company registration in Iran with legal security with a look at Imami jurisprudence
        Hajir Tak Mohammad Reza Paseban
        10.22034/ijrj.2023.705521
        The regulations of registration of companies in the laws of the field of trade, with the aim of protecting the rights of partners and shareholders towards each other, providing legal and judicial security of third parties in trading and economic relations and facilitati More
        The regulations of registration of companies in the laws of the field of trade, with the aim of protecting the rights of partners and shareholders towards each other, providing legal and judicial security of third parties in trading and economic relations and facilitating the control of the activities of companies by the government, under the two established and announced systems. are Examining the documents shows that in the practical process, apparently, the company registration authority follows the announcement system, while in the theory process, under numerous articles, the supervisory and establishment duty of the company registration authority is mentioned. The lack of transparency of the chosen system in this field has led to the lack of responsibility for the accuracy of the documents and statements of the applicants, and if the company is formed and registered contrary to the legal standards, any beneficiary can request the cancellation from the court. This article tries to clarify, by descriptive-analytical method and library-documentary collection method and the practical procedure of the courts and the view of Imamiyyah jurisprudence on these aspects of this issue, that with regard to the nature and effects of the contract of participation in jurisprudence and the general spirit of the articles According to the laws of this area and the current judicial procedure, the registration of companies and their changes in the company registration authority are declarative except in the few specified cases, and the company registration is not responsible for the correctness of the registered matter, and it seems that attention And paying attention to the established system is one of the ways to correct the current process. Manuscript profile
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        414 - Jurisprudence and legal review of citizenship security deprivation in artificial intelligence
        Sayyad Mojtaba Hakim seyed Hossein Ebrahimian
        10.22034/ijrj.2023.705642
        This article is related to the involvement of artificial intelligence in security and civil rights. This issue can be investigated in different directions, such as creating security through artificial intelligence in citizenship rights, depriving citizens of security th More
        This article is related to the involvement of artificial intelligence in security and civil rights. This issue can be investigated in different directions, such as creating security through artificial intelligence in citizenship rights, depriving citizens of security through artificial intelligence, providing a compensation solution for depriving citizenship rights through artificial intelligence. In this article, only the issue of deprivation of citizens' security is mentioned, and the other two issues require an independent article. The working method in this research is based on content analysis and the data was collected in a library form by referring to jurisprudence and legal opinions. Criminals can use artificial intelligence to take away the security and rights of citizens, since there is no special law for crimes in artificial intelligence in our country, and some people think that computer crimes can be the answer to the present issue, while this is not the case, so the authors have addressed the issue of criminalization in depriving the security and comfort of citizens by revising Manat and using Sharia evidence. The result of its investigation is that it is harmful to the security and comfort of the citizens by using artificial intelligence tools, and if it is done, it will be punished. Manuscript profile
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        415 - Legal challenges against the principle of legality of crime and punishment in Iran in the light of Imamiyah jurisprudence standards
        seyyed Ebrahid Ghodsi Mosayyed GHadami Azizabad
        10.22034/ijrj.2023.702565
        Since Islam is a religion of mercy, punishing people without informing them of his commands and orders is against the mercy and dignity that God has placed in the nature of mankind. The conclusion is that in Islamic jurisprudence, especially Imamiyah jurisprudence, many More
        Since Islam is a religion of mercy, punishing people without informing them of his commands and orders is against the mercy and dignity that God has placed in the nature of mankind. The conclusion is that in Islamic jurisprudence, especially Imamiyah jurisprudence, many principles and foundations are available to the people from the side of the jurists and their inferences from jurisprudential sources regarding the prohibition of the punishment without notification and notice, such as "shamefulness of punishment without the declaration of law", "the presumption of innocence" etc. The purpose of this notice in modern criminal law is to ensure the peace of mind and preserve the human dignity of accused persons, so that in the shadow of this principle, on the one hand, they will not be condemned without reason and only based on suspicion and the other hand, their punishment under the disobedience of the judges should not be more than what they deserve. The scope and content of the principle of notifying the obliges of their obligations to punish them in Imamiyyah jurisprudence are certainly clearer and more comprehensive than the principle of legality of crime and punishment because the principle of stating the obligation is not only about issuing it but also about receiving it while in law, the principle of awareness is placed on the issue of law. In the criminal law of Iran, although this principle has been accepted in principle despite the rich source of Islamic jurisprudence, in several cases, especially in the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2013 and the regulations of the courts and special clerical courts approved in 1990 amended in 2005, it has been conspicuously ignored Manuscript profile
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        416 - Study of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb concentrations in liver, kidney and muscle tissue of cow and sheep marketed in Hamedan in 2011
        سهیل Sobhanardakani مهدی Riahi Khoram مریم Qasemi
           Importance of heavy metals in food safety and detrimental effects of their high concentrations in food stuff is well documented. In this study, concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in kidney, liver and muscle tissues of cow and sheep at Hamedan retails w More
           Importance of heavy metals in food safety and detrimental effects of their high concentrations in food stuff is well documented. In this study, concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in kidney, liver and muscle tissues of cow and sheep at Hamedan retails were evaluated. A total number of 180 samples was assessed for the amount of heavy metals as ppb in wet weight. For this, wet-digestion method was used to determine the concentration of given elements by ICP (Varian ES-710). Results showed that the highest concentration of heavy metals was determined in the liver and kidney samples, while the lowest concentration was found in muscle tissue. Among the heavy metals, Fe in cow’s liver had the highest concentration (25507±879 ppb) and Cd in muscle tissue of sheep has the lowest concentration (192±54 ppb). In overall, accumulation of heavy metals in tissues of cows was higher than sheep. Statistical comparison of accumulated metals concentration in various tissues of these two animal groups showed significant difference (P<0.001). Regarding the maximum acceptable concentration approved by EU, the concentration of heavy metals was lower than the allowed level, except for Cd and Pb. Due to the toxicity of Cd, the concentration of Cd was compared with the maximum acceptable limit of WHO. Results revealed that the concentration of Cd was higher than acceptable level in all tissues except for muscle tissues (P<0.001). Mean concentration of most metals in this study was found higher in cow tissues than sheep. It seems that cows are more tolerant against the accumulation of toxic metals. Moreover, mean concentration of Fe and Cu was higher in liver which is justifiable by the fact that liver is a storage organ. Since kidneys are responsible for the removal of wastes, mean concentration of Cd and Pb was determined highest in kidney.  Manuscript profile
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        417 - Levels and health risk assessment of As and Zn in Shirazi thyme, sweet violet, pennyroyal and jujube marketed in Hamedan City
        M. Karimi L. Tayebi S. Sobhanardakani
        The use of medicinal herbs plays a vital role in improving the health of human society. Since the plants are the most important transmission route of heavy metals into human food chain and biological cycles, this study was conducted to assess the health risk of concentr More
        The use of medicinal herbs plays a vital role in improving the health of human society. Since the plants are the most important transmission route of heavy metals into human food chain and biological cycles, this study was conducted to assess the health risk of concentration of As and Zn in Shirazi thyme, sweet viola, pennyroyal and jujube marketed in Hamedan City during 2015. After preparation of 3 samples of each medicinal plant, the samples were digested in acid according to the standard methods. The concentration of each element in the samples was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) in 3 replicates. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical package. The results showed that the maximum mean concentrations of As and Zn were 0.035±0.026 and 1880±520 µg/kg related to thyme and viola, respectively. The results of health index for all samples were found lower than one. Moreover, the mean concentration of As and Zn in all samples were lower than WHO permissible limits. Although controlled consumption of medicinal plants has not adverse effect on the consumers’ health, concerning to the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the long-term, regular periodic monitoring of chemical pollutants content especially heavy metals in medicinal plants are recommended for food safety. Manuscript profile
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        418 - Analysis of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni concentrations in types of cabbage marketed in Hamedan City
        سهیل Sobhanardakani S.M Jafari
           Today, due to the accumulation of heavy metals in vegetables irrigated with wastewater and treated with sewage sludge has become increasing concern in the field of food safety and health of consumers. Therefore this study was conducted for analysis of Pb, C More
           Today, due to the accumulation of heavy metals in vegetables irrigated with wastewater and treated with sewage sludge has become increasing concern in the field of food safety and health of consumers. Therefore this study was conducted for analysis of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni concentrations of 3 types of cabbage marketed in Hamedan City during 2013. For this purpose after buying 30 samples of each species of cabbage and then acid digestion of the samples according to standard methods, elements (Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni) were determined using ICP-OES (Varian, 710-ES, Australia). All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package. The results showed that mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni in Cabbage samples were 15.53±3.43, 59.33±5.35, 2.22±1.61 and 14.97±2.83 mg/kg, respectively; mean concentrations of these elements in red cabbage samples were 23.03±5.89, 37.53±4.21, 13.33±3.24 and 15.03±3.04 mg/kg, respectively; and mean concentrations of elements in broccoli samples were 8.00±3.63, 45.90±5.86, 8.20±3.39 and 16.93±3.08 mg/kg, respectively. Also comparison of the mean concentrations of evaluated metals in specimens with FAO/WHO permissible limits showed that significant difference (p<0.05), so that the mean concentrations of Pb and Cd in all evaluated samples and the mean concentrations of Cr in red cabbage and broccoli samples are significantly higher than permissible limits. Therefore these species is not suitable for consume by human and manage the culture conditions is recommended.  Manuscript profile
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        419 - Evaluation of organophosphorus pesticide Diazinon residue in greenhouse crops using spectrophotometry (Case Study: Mushroom)
        سهیل Sobhanardakani سیمین دخت Sadri سعید Jameh Bozorgi
        Pesticides are among the chief sources of environmental pollutants that have impacts on living creatures and humans health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of organophosphorus pesticide Diazinon residues in mushroom using Spectrophotometry. A More
        Pesticides are among the chief sources of environmental pollutants that have impacts on living creatures and humans health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of organophosphorus pesticide Diazinon residues in mushroom using Spectrophotometry. A total number of 10 mushroom samples was collected from the active greenhouses around Hamedan city as well as commercial brands that present their products in Hamedan retails. The samples were prepared and Diazinon residue in samples was read by Spectrophotometer in 3 replicates. Mean value of Diazinon concentration in different commercial brands was estimated at 0.126, 0.125, 0.166, 0.040, 0.130, 0.081, 0.129, 0.132, 0.128 and 0.129 mg/kg that were above the Europe Union Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). Moreover, the comparison of results achieved from the different samples show significant different between greenhouses of 3, 4 and 6 (p>0/05). It was concluded that training of farmers to use appropriate amounts of pesticides would guaranty the safety and health of consumers of agriculture products. Manuscript profile
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        420 - Psychometric Indicators of High School Climate Scale with an Emphasis on Security, Commitment and School Environment
        ezatolah ghadampour leila Heidaryani mahdi barzegarbefroui
        10.30495/jinev.2020.565329.1698
        The purpose of this study is to investigate was Psychometric indicators of high school climate scale with an emphasis on security, commitment and school environment. For this purpose, 429 students (245 boys and 187 girls) from Meybod high school students were selected b More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate was Psychometric indicators of high school climate scale with an emphasis on security, commitment and school environment. For this purpose, 429 students (245 boys and 187 girls) from Meybod high school students were selected by cluster random sampling method and answered the Joe Questionnaire of Bradshaw School et al. (2014).Data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis and AMOS 24 and SPSS 22 software.The findings show that there is a good three-dimensional model for school atmosphere, which includes three dimensions of security, commitment and school environment in 13 subscales. The commitment dimension includes teacher-student relationship subscales, student communication, academic engagement, relationship with the whole school, fairness and equality, parental engagement, and the school environment dimension includes sub-scales of tasks and roles, school environment cleanliness, emotional support, Disorder and disorder in school.Findings from confirmatory factor analysis showed that this model has a good fit.Also, the reliability coefficients of these 13 subscales were obtained as 0.68 and 0.87, which indicates the acceptable and appropriate reliability of this scale. According to the obtained results, it can be said that the school climate questionnaire has a favorable validity and reliability by focusing on the three dimensions of security, commitment and environment in Iranian society Manuscript profile
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        421 - The Effect of Quality Circle Time (QCT) Method on Psychosocial Security of Orphan Female Teenagers
        Mohammad Ali Ameri Ayatollah Fathi Fereshteh Khoshakhlaq Saieed Sharifi Rahnemo
        10.30495/jinev.2021.1929658.2488
        The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group educational quality (QCT) method on psychosocial security of orphan girls. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-posttest design with two groups of control and experiments. The statistical popula More
        The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group educational quality (QCT) method on psychosocial security of orphan girls. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-posttest design with two groups of control and experiments. The statistical population of the study included all orphan female teenagers aged 12 to 18 years old in Tabriz who were kept in welfare centers of Tabriz, from which a sample of 30 orphan female teenagers were selected through convenient purposeful sampling method and then were randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Both of groups completed psychological security scale by Zare & Aminpour (2011) as pre and posttest. The experimental group was trained for 10 sessions of 90 minutes under Quality Circle Time (QCT) by Jenny Mosley (2014). Data was analyzed using multivariate covariance test in SPSS software. The components of psychological security including environmental incompatibility, paranoia, self-belief, desire for life, depression, feeling happy, social security, self-awareness, self-confidence, feeling angry, despair, feeling of inferiority, compatibility with others were significantly different in the experimental and control groups in posttest (P <0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the components of interest in life and feeling of health between the experimental and control groups in the post-test (P <0.05). Therefore, according to the results, Quality Circle Time (QCT) can be considered as an effective method to improve social skills, social competencies and psychological and social security of adolescent female teenagers. Manuscript profile
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        422 - The Effectiveness of Life Skills Training on Communication Skills, Psycho-social Security and Dependence on Social Networks in Female Students with Cyberspace Addiction
        saeid sharifirahnmo ayatollah fathi Farhanaz Yazdani Kalibar majid sharifi rahnemo
        10.30495/jinev.2023.1972576.2799
        The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of life skills training on communication skills, psycho-social security and dependence on social networks in female students with cyberspace addiction. This research is a semi-experimental type of pre-test- More
        The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of life skills training on communication skills, psycho-social security and dependence on social networks in female students with cyberspace addiction. This research is a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of secondary school female students with cyberspace addiction in Kalibar city, 74 students were selected from this population using the available method, and the cyberspace addiction questionnaire was completed, and the students whose scores in the cyberspace addiction questionnaire were Yang's cyberspace was in the range between 80 and 100 (cut score and as cyberspace addiction); 40 people were selected as a sample and were replaced in two experimental groups (20 people) and control group (20 people). In order to collect data, cyberspace addiction questionnaires, communication skills questionnaires, psychosocial security and social network addiction questionnaires were used. Data analysis was done by multivariate analysis of covariance test. The results showed that life skills training has an effect on dependence on cyberspace and its components (habit, addiction and high involvement) (P<0.05). Also, life skills training has an effect on psychosocial security and its components (self-confidence, feeling of unhappiness, environmental incompatibility and people's view of themselves) and communication skills and components (feedback, listening and verbal skills) (05 /0>P). Manuscript profile
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        423 - The test of Conceptual Model of the causal relationship between organizational silence and productivity with mediation of Job security among physical education professors of Northwest Azad Universityof the country emphasizing the views of adjunct and permanent professors
        Akbar Abdolhoseinzadeh Alimohammd Amirtash Alimohammad Safania Abbas Khodayari
        10.30495/qjopm.2020.1891282.2744
        The main purpose of this research was to test the conceptual model of causal relationship between organizational silence and productivity with the mediation of job security among Iranian physical education professors of northwest Azad universities with a focus on full-t More
        The main purpose of this research was to test the conceptual model of causal relationship between organizational silence and productivity with the mediation of job security among Iranian physical education professors of northwest Azad universities with a focus on full-time and adjunct professors ‘views. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of of the physical education professors at northwestern Azad universities. The sample size consisted of 320 professors based on Morgan table recruited through relative stratified random sampling. In the present study, Dashchi and Kamal Oglu’s questionnaire of organizational silence, the Niece et al.’s Job Security Questionnaire and Achiev’s questionnaire of productivity were used and Cronbach's alpha was 0.88, 0.86 and 0.91, respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data by using PLS-SMART software.The results of the study showed that there was a negative significant relationship between organizational silence with job security.In other words, there was a negative significant relationship between organizational silence and productivity of physical education professors of Northwest Azad universities considering the mediating role of job security.Moreover, the results revealed that the views of adjunct and full-time professors of northwestern Azad universities regarding the impact of organizational silence on productivity were significantly different. Manuscript profile
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        424 - Analyzing the Effect of Humble Leadership Style on Human Resource Productivity: The Mediating Role of Psychological Security
        Reza Sepahvand Mohsen Arefnezhad Farzad Ziviyar Fariborz Fathi Chegeni Maryam Mashoodi
        10.30495/qjopm.2022.1943158.3253
        Human resource productivity is one of the fundamental strategies to increase the performance and survival of today's organizations. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of humble leadership on human resource productivity with the mediating role More
        Human resource productivity is one of the fundamental strategies to increase the performance and survival of today's organizations. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of humble leadership on human resource productivity with the mediating role of psychological security at Lorestan University. In terms of purpose, the present study is an applied research which is of the causal type. The statistical population of the study was 440 employees of Lorestan University, based on Krejcie and Morgan's table, from among whom a sample of 205 people was selected by stratified random sampling.  In order to measure the variables of the research, Owens et al’s humble leadership (2013), Carmeli et al’s psychological security (2010) and Hersey and Goldsmith 's (1980) human resource productivity questionnaires have been used. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. In this research, descriptive and inferential statistical methods have been used. Additionally, to analyze the research data, structural equation modeling and pls software have been employed. The findings demonstrated that humble leadership, when coupled with psychological security, exerts a positive influence on human resource productivity.  Manuscript profile
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        425 - The Mediating Role of Organizational Justice in Job Insecurity and Burnout During the Covid – 19 Pandemic
        Manouchehr karimi Seyedaliakbar Ahmadi
        10.30495/qjopm.2022.1947305.3279
        The purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of organizational justice in the relationship between job insecurity and burnout, especially in crisis situations. The research is of applied nature using the descriptive-survey method. The statistical populati More
        The purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of organizational justice in the relationship between job insecurity and burnout, especially in crisis situations. The research is of applied nature using the descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the study was the staff of Tabriz Tractor Manufacturing Company with 281 people who were stratified through stratified random sampling method. Three standard questionnaires of job insecurity, burnout and organizational justice were used to collect the data. The validity of the questionnaires was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and their reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the hypotheses and the data were analyzed by PLS software. Other related studies suggest that individuals experienced a significant burden of mental health as a result of job insecurity in the midst of the COVID-19 epidemic. This study revealed that organizational justice can have a moderating effect in such crises and reduce the negative impact of job insecurity on burnout and consequent disorders. In particular, the procedural and interactional dimensions of organizational justice have the most inverse effect on burnout. Thus, the role of organizational justice in modifying employee burnout, especially in crisis situations, similar to the current situation resulting from the Covid-19 pandimic crisis, is important. Manuscript profile
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        426 - Relationship between Employees΄ Work-life Quality and Human Power Productivity in Islamic Azad University Branches of Salmas, Khoy, and Urumia
        Davvod Paydarfard Yadollah Abbaszadeh Mohsen Fanni Karim Hamdi
        What has caused a major gap between the rich and poor nations in todays΄ world is the optimum use of resources and the increase in the rate of intelligence and tact in carrying out affairs.The foregoing statement is the definition of productivity .In fact ,productivity More
        What has caused a major gap between the rich and poor nations in todays΄ world is the optimum use of resources and the increase in the rate of intelligence and tact in carrying out affairs.The foregoing statement is the definition of productivity .In fact ,productivity is a kind of culture or an attitude to work and life,the aim of which is to make activites smarter in order to attain a better and more active life .Paying attention to productivity  as one of the ways to improve and progress organizations in the present world as well as to do research in order to identify the factors promoting productivity in the organizations seems quite necessary.In this regard ,the present research aims to explain the relationship between the employees work-life quality and human power productivity in the three branches of the Islamic Azad University,i.e.,Salmas ,Khoy ,and Urumia.The research type is descriptive-correlation.The data were collected through two separate researcher-devised questionnaires,the validity and reliability of which were confirmed by pretest.The questionnaires were distributed among 180 employees selected from the statistical population,and the data were analyzed.The results confirmed the relationship between employees΄ security and safety, perceived participation of the employees΄ in organizational decision-making ,organizational commitment ,and team-work with human power productivity.Also,the results  indicated that among the different factors,the relationship between the cooperation and participation of employees in organizational decision-making and human power productivity is stronger. Manuscript profile
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        427 - The effect of Labor Productivity, Investment Security, Exchange Rate, and Economic Openness on Foreign Direct Investment in Iran under Stable and Nonstable Conditions
        Kambiz Hojabr Kiani Mohammadreza Nahidi
        The main Purpose of this study is to examination the effect of the main economic variables on the foreign direct investment in Iran under stable and nonstable conditions during 1973-2006. The study of stable conditions is based on Auto Regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) More
        The main Purpose of this study is to examination the effect of the main economic variables on the foreign direct investment in Iran under stable and nonstable conditions during 1973-2006. The study of stable conditions is based on Auto Regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) models, and the study of nonstable conditions is based on Hitrosidacity group (GARCH) models. The study examines the effect of Positive and negative shocks on the net foreign direct investment under nonstable conditions. The results indicate the positive effects of labor productivity, economic openness and investment security, and the negative effect of the exchange rate on the net foreign direct investment under stable and nonstable conditions.   Manuscript profile
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        428 - تأثیر شهادت پدر بر فرزندان(جوانان) شاهد در شهرستان‌های دهاقان و شهرضا
        اصغر محمدی طیبه قرمزی
        یکی از ارکان اصلی خانواده حضور و استمرار  آن در خانواده است. فقدان حضور پدر تحت تأثیر عوامل متعدد بویژه شهادت پدر اتفاق می­افتد. با توجه اهمیت موضوع مزبور این موضوع به بررسی تأثیرات شهادت پدر بر فرزندان(جوانان) شاهد در شهرستان‌های دهاقان و شهرضا می­پردازد. More
        یکی از ارکان اصلی خانواده حضور و استمرار  آن در خانواده است. فقدان حضور پدر تحت تأثیر عوامل متعدد بویژه شهادت پدر اتفاق می­افتد. با توجه اهمیت موضوع مزبور این موضوع به بررسی تأثیرات شهادت پدر بر فرزندان(جوانان) شاهد در شهرستان‌های دهاقان و شهرضا می­پردازد. جامعه آماری پژوهش را 492 نفر از فرزندان شهید شهرستان­های دهاقان و شهرضا تشکیل دادند که حجم نمونه انتخاب شده از فرمول کوکران 176 نفر انتخاب شده است. روش مطالعه پیمایش و ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها پرسش­نامه بوده و روایی آن توسط اساتید دانشگاه و خبرگان در این زمینه تأیید و به منظور پایایی در یک مطالعه مقدماتی پرسش­نامه مذکور توسط 30 نفر از فرزندان شاهد تکمیل و با استفاده از نرم افزار تحلیل آماری ضریب پایایی آن از طریق آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه شد با همسان­نمودن سؤالات ضریب پایایی 87/0 برآورد گردید. در تحلیل آماری پژوهش از شیوه‌های آمار توصیفی و آزمون‌های آماری استنباطی استفاده شده است در سطح آمار توصیفی آزمون t و تحلیل مسیر شاخص با نرم افزار لیزرل استفاده شده است. جهت رسیدن به اهداف تحقیق در مجموع هشت فرضیه مطرح گردیده و با کمک نرم افزار تحلیل آماری تأیید و یا عدم تأیید فرضیه‌ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و نتایج حاکی از آن است که بین فقدان پدر (شهادت) و ایجاد روحیه اعتماد به نفس و خودباوری، کمبود روابط عاطفی و کاهش امنیت خانواده و برچسب زدن مردم (دیگران) رابطه وجود دارد، همچنین بین فقدان پدر (شهادت) و مشکلات در زمینه ازدواج، نابسامانی خانواده و فرهنگی رابطه وجود ندارد. Manuscript profile
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        429 - ارزیابی و سنجش مؤلفه‌های سرمایه اجتماعی و تأثیر آن در امنیت زنان ( نمونه موردی: منطقه 3 ساری)
        صدیقه لطفی جاوید ملازاده مصطفی قدمی ابوالحسن شاکری
        بررسی رابطه سرمایه اجتماعی با امنیت اجتماعی در فضاهای شهری بویژه برای زنان از اهمیت خاصی جهت رسیدن به یک جامعه شهری پایدار برخوردار است. هدف اصلی این مقاله بررسی تأثیر مؤلفه‌های سرمایه اجتماعی بر امنیت زنان در سطح محله‌ای است. روش تحقیق مبتنی بر روش‌های توصیفی-تحلیلی و More
        بررسی رابطه سرمایه اجتماعی با امنیت اجتماعی در فضاهای شهری بویژه برای زنان از اهمیت خاصی جهت رسیدن به یک جامعه شهری پایدار برخوردار است. هدف اصلی این مقاله بررسی تأثیر مؤلفه‌های سرمایه اجتماعی بر امنیت زنان در سطح محله‌ای است. روش تحقیق مبتنی بر روش‌های توصیفی-تحلیلی و انجام مطالعه پیمایشی جهت تکمیل پرسشنامه ها بوده است..جهت سنجش سرمایه‌ی اجتماعی از 5 مؤلفه و 30 گویه و برای سنجش امنیت، از 4 مؤلفه و 11 گویه استفاده شده است. جهت آزمون فرضیه تحقیق از آزمون‌های آماری Tو ضریب همبستگی پیرسون استفاده شد، که نتایج آزمونT نشان می‌دهد که بین 5 مؤلفه سرمایه اجتماعی، تنها مؤلفه مشارکت اجتماعی در وضعیت مناسب و چهار مؤلفه اعتماد، انسجام، روابط اجتماعی و آگاهی در وضعیت متوسط رو به بالا قرار دارند و نتایج ضریب همبستگی پیرسون از وجود همبستگی معنی دار میان مؤلفه‌های سرمایه اجتماعی و احساس امنیت بانوان حکایت دارد که بیشترین همبستگی بین مؤلفه‌ها، سهم مؤلفه‌ی انسجام اجتماعی با مقدار309/0 می‌باشد. Manuscript profile
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        430 - Pathology of electronic financial reporting in terms of content.Dimensions and structure
        Ali Lalbar Amir Ali Rahimi
        In this research, an attempt has been made to address the pathology of electronic financial reporting in terms of content, dimensions and structure; This research is a qualitative and exploratory research. For this purpose, by conducting 35 interviews in 2021 using the More
        In this research, an attempt has been made to address the pathology of electronic financial reporting in terms of content, dimensions and structure; This research is a qualitative and exploratory research. For this purpose, by conducting 35 interviews in 2021 using the Delphi method with experts in the field of theoretical foundations of electronic financial reporting and the field of capital market, saturation has been reached. The results of the research show that, according to experts, information security is the most important reason for not having the necessary capabilities of the current internet reporting model. Also, the indicator of creating suitable platforms for the development of Internet reporting in general and its subset means creating conditions for the convenience and availability of Internet financial information, with the most important indicator among the identified indicators, in order to address the criticisms and shortcomings of the current model and respond to the needs It is the users. Manuscript profile
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        431 - Measurement of the relationship between the quality of housing and Security of tenure in urban spontaneous settlements (Case study: Naysar, Sanandaj city)
        jila sajadi farid vahedi yeganeh akbar mohammadi
        Informal settlements have been one of the major outcomes and features of contemporary urbanization in developing countries, including Iran. Among all the problems that these settlements have, security capture is one of the most important issues that it faces. The right More
        Informal settlements have been one of the major outcomes and features of contemporary urbanization in developing countries, including Iran. Among all the problems that these settlements have, security capture is one of the most important issues that it faces. The right to housing is essential to improve the living conditions of residents in these settlements, and the lack of it leads to a lack of willingness to participate, lack of investment in improving housing and psychological harm in the residents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between occupational safety and physical quality of housing in the urban spontaneous area of Naysar, Sanandaj. The present study is a descriptive-analytic research method. Data were collected using a survey method and a questionnaire. Sampling was purposeful and from the 7730 households in the range, 366 households were selected using a Cochran formula with a confidence level of %93 for questioning. Data were analyzed by SPSS software including factor analysis, multivariate regression, Pearson correlation test, mean test and path analysis. The results showed that the factor of security of occupational security with a numerical value of "0.846" was more effective than contracting and experiencing security factors on the physical quality of housing in Naysar. Also, the results of the path analysis showed that there was a direct and positive relationship between security capture indicators with the quality of housing, the quality of housing in this area will increase as property security indexes increase Manuscript profile
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        432 - Analysis of spatial distribution of citizenship security in Hormozgan province using prophetic technique.
        laiia jalilian iman chaghajerdi
        Absract Today, knowledge of the status of the security of the residents of a community has an effective role in identifying the challenges and strategies of developing a society and is a prerequisite for any social, economic, cultural and political development. The purp More
        Absract Today, knowledge of the status of the security of the residents of a community has an effective role in identifying the challenges and strategies of developing a society and is a prerequisite for any social, economic, cultural and political development. The purpose of this study was to estimate and level the 13 cities of Hormozgan province regarding the sense of citizenship security , which is possible using 13 variables. In this research, Delphi technique was used to weigh the indices and to promote the technique of prophecy was used to analyze the data. The findings of the research show that Hormozgan Province with a net flow of 0.59484 obtained from the pro-tech technique has a relatively favorable status in terms of safety. Also according to the results, Bandar Abbas city with the net flow of 0.81645 at the best level and the city of Abu Musa with a value of 0.15258 were at the worst level of citizenship security. Manuscript profile
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        433 - The Effect of Environmental Planning and Design on Urban Security in Squatter Areas of Tabriz City
        Mahdi Azarmi Ali Azar Akbar Abdolahzadetaraff
        Feeling safe as one of the basic human needs is of particular importance in creating a sense of place and urban viability. So, having security is an effective factor in the identity of the place. The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the impact of ur More
        Feeling safe as one of the basic human needs is of particular importance in creating a sense of place and urban viability. So, having security is an effective factor in the identity of the place. The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the impact of urban planning and design on the sense of security of marginalized neighborhoods. This study is descriptive-analytical and applied research. Documentary-library methods and field observations (questionnaires) were used for data collection. The sample size was 322 subjects according to the Cochran method and for sampling; a probabilistic stratified sampling was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the sense of security between designed and unplanned neighborhoods in Tabriz marginal areas. Also, feelings of security was high in areas with environmental design and physical interventions such as lighting, he expansion and construction of passages, urban furniture, reduced enclosure, diverse applications, active partitions and the presence of accessible terraces have been made in comparison with undeveloped and unplanned areas Manuscript profile
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        434 - Identify key drivers for achieving regional sustainable security based on passive defense criteria (Case study: Lavasanat District)
        Zahra Sartipi Modiri Mahdi Zahra Pishgahifard
        Regional development is a prominent goal in environmental and spatial planning in recent decades, which includes various programs aimed at facilitating the promotion of economic and social components, reducing environmental damage and increasing the safety and security More
        Regional development is a prominent goal in environmental and spatial planning in recent decades, which includes various programs aimed at facilitating the promotion of economic and social components, reducing environmental damage and increasing the safety and security of the region in the face of various disasters and crises. Therefore, security components are the main pillars of achieving regional development and the purpose of this study is to identify the key drivers affecting the realization of sustainable security in Lavasanat region based on passive defense criteria. The research method in the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Also, the statistical population of the research includes officials, managers and experts in the field of passive defense in Lavasanat region which the sample size is determined based on the Delphi method of 100 people. In order to analyze the research information, the partial least squares method has been used in Smart-pls software. Findings indicate that the most important drivers for achieving sustainable security in Lavasanat region based on passive defense are related to prevention-based management, readiness-based management and proper physical-environmental planning for which the structural model score is 0.823, 0.753 and 0.677, respectively. Also, among the sub-drivers, the most effective is related to the inter-organizational communication drivers in order to maximize the participation of related organizations in the phase of preventing the effects and results of crises, forming decision-making and guiding support systems and databases based on statistics and geo-geographical information to identify and prioritize accident hotspots. Manuscript profile
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        435 - Analysis of Location Criteria of Ardabil Governorate with Passive Defense Approach (Case Study of Ardabil City)
        Maryam Jami Mohammadhasan Yazdani
        Threats to urban areas are known today as a common phenomenon in all natural and unnatural crises. With the increase of natural crises, insecurity and destructive internal and external wars and the targeting of management and command centers, including governorates, the More
        Threats to urban areas are known today as a common phenomenon in all natural and unnatural crises. With the increase of natural crises, insecurity and destructive internal and external wars and the targeting of management and command centers, including governorates, the use of passive defense principles in locating government offices, especially governorates, becomes increasingly important. Considering the proximity of Ardabil city to the northern and northwestern borders of the country and also considering the fact that the governorate building of Ardabil city is located in the center of the city with poor access and traffic congestion, therefore, the present research aims to identify a new place to build The building of the governorate of Ardabil city has been done using indicators and principles of passive defense. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. In line with the discussion framework, 23 indicators were prepared in the form of 6 components of compatibility, comfort, utility, efficiency, health and safety standards and passive defense. The collected data were weighted in the SuperDecision software, then mapped in the GIS environment and finally zoned using the TOPSIS technique. Manuscript profile
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        436 - Investigating the Impact of Social Capital on Sustainable Development of Urban Neighborhoods with Emphasis on Sustainable Security (Case Study: Urmia)
        Roya kamelnia Hasan Heidari Mirnajaf Mosavi
        Urmia, as one of the cities facing rapid urbanization, has been facing urban and neighborhood development issues such as lack of sustainable development and reduction of sustainable security in recent years. Therefore, in the current research, the impact of social capit More
        Urmia, as one of the cities facing rapid urbanization, has been facing urban and neighborhood development issues such as lack of sustainable development and reduction of sustainable security in recent years. Therefore, in the current research, the impact of social capital on local sustainable development is investigated with emphasis on sustainable security in Urmia city. Because investigating the impact of social capital on local sustainable development in line with urban studies can be an effective step in recognizing and creating theoretical and experimental knowledge in this field. The method of the descriptive research was correlation type and the statistical population was all high and middle level managers, assistants and specialized experts of the 5 regions of Urmia municipality in the number of 545 people, using the Cochran formula, the statistical sample of this research (226 people) was randomly sampled. selected. The tools of data collection are researcher-made questionnaires of social capital, sustainable development of neighborhoods and sustainable security. The validity of the tool is reported according to experts and reliability according to Cronbach's alpha. The method of data analysis was structural equation modeling, the results of which showed that in the main hypothesis, the direct effect of social capital on local sustainable development (0.36) and sustainable security (0.51) is positive and significant. Also, in the first hypothesis, the direct effect of social capital on the local sustainable development of the city (0.36) is positive and significant. In the second hypothesis, the impact of social capital on sustainable urban security is positive and significant (0.75). And in the third hypothesis, the impact of sustainable urban security has a positive impact on the local sustainable development of the city (0.68). Therefore, the increase of social capital in the city as a new approach and an explicitly positive view in urban management can provide the basis for achieving sustainable urban development in Urmia metropolis with stable security in the city. Manuscript profile
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        437 - A comparative study of the components of sustainable urban security in the border areas (case study Marivan city of Iran and Kalar city of Kurdistan Region of Iraq)
        Muqdad Hassan Abdul Qadir Shakale Ali Panahi ولی‌زاده Valizadeh
        One of the main concerns of governments, especially in developing countries, is to provide security in border areas. In this regard, the current research was written with the aim of identifying the status of the components of sustainable urban security with an emphasis More
        One of the main concerns of governments, especially in developing countries, is to provide security in border areas. In this regard, the current research was written with the aim of identifying the status of the components of sustainable urban security with an emphasis on the border cities of Marivan/Iran and Kalar/Kurdistan Region Iraq. The research method in the current study is quantitative-qualitative with an applied-developmental nature, and field-questionnaire (survey) method was used to collect information. In line with the analysis of research data, according to the descriptive-analytical approach, structural equation modeling has been used in Amos software. The statistical population of the research also includes the citizens of Marivan and Klar cities, based on Cochran's formula, 383 people have been determined as the sample size for each of the cities. The findings of the research show that the degree of realization of the dimensions of sustainable security, i.e. personal and social security, physical-environmental security, economic security, political security and supportive management based on the structural model in Kalar city is 0.72, 0.51, 0.64, 0.47 and 0.39 respectively, and in Marivan city is 0.64, 0.55, 0.27, 0.46 and 0.31 respectively. The results also indicate that the dimensions of economic security, political security and supportive management in Marivan city and the dimensions of political security and supportive management in Kalar city have an unfavorable situation. Therefore, the only difference between these two cities is the unfavorable state of economic security components in Marivan city and their favorable state in Kalar city. Manuscript profile
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        438 - بررسی توزیع فضایی مراکز انتظامی و رابطه آن با میزان جرم در شهر یزد
        نجما اسمعیل پور مهین حاضری فرزانه دستا
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        439 - سنجش امنیت در محلات شهری (مطالعة موردی محلات مرداویج و مفت‌آباد شهر اصفهان)
        نیلوفر یوسفی
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        440 - Shifts in Köppen-Geiger climate zones over Balochistan plateau of Pakistan and its potential challenges to Iran
        محمدیوسف احمدپور محمدیوسف احمدپور تقی طاوسی تقی طاوسی حمید نظری پور حمید نظری پور
          Climate classification systems(CCSs) are important tools for understanding the specific characteristics of a region's climate. The main purpose of these classifications is to determine the climate types and to find their similarities, differences and variability. More
          Climate classification systems(CCSs) are important tools for understanding the specific characteristics of a region's climate. The main purpose of these classifications is to determine the climate types and to find their similarities, differences and variability. Climate zones are threatened by global warming and climate change. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible shifts of climate zones over the Balochistan plateau of Pakistan and its potential challenges to Iran based on the improved Koppen-Geiger CCSs. The data includes average monthly precipitation and temperature of the Delaware university dataset for the 1990-2017 periods. The results show the main climate with two subgroups in the study area. These climates include a hot desert climate(BWh) and a cold desert climate(BWk). The hot desert climate is dominated in southern and western and the cold desert climate in northern and western regions.In recent decades, the increasing range of hot desert climate limited the cold desert climate. The range of the cold desert climate has declined sharply, reaching from about 55-65 to about 50-55 percent. In contrast, the range of hot desert climate increased in response to these conditions, reaching from about 35-45 to about 45-50 percent.Therefore, it is expected that the zones of the hot desert climate will increase rapidly in the future. These conditions will add to environmental quality and resource depletion problems especially in border areas with Iran and can pose important challenges such as climate migration, border security, and health. The results of this research can play a significant role in adopting forward-looking policies to address the impacts and challenges of climate change on the border regions of Iran. Manuscript profile
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        441 - تحلیل پایداری کرانه رودخانه در برابر فرسایش با استفاده از تنش برشی- مطالعه موردی: رودخانه لاویج
        محمدمهدی حسین زاده سید حسن صدوق سعیده متش بیرانوند رضا اسماعیلی
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        442 - Investigating How to Improve Security in the Worn-out Spaces of the10th District of Tehran with an Emphasis On Sustainable Urban Environment With the C.P.T.E.D. Approach
        rassa safaei namin ardalan bagher khojasteh sayed mohamad reza shahabi rasoul safaei namin
        Today, worn-out urban fabric is a source of crime and insecurity, and one of the approaches used to reduce the risks in these places is the CPTED approach. CPTED approach (crime prevention using environmental design) can be considered as a purposeful approach to efficie More
        Today, worn-out urban fabric is a source of crime and insecurity, and one of the approaches used to reduce the risks in these places is the CPTED approach. CPTED approach (crime prevention using environmental design) can be considered as a purposeful approach to efficient and intelligent design of environmental components by optimally using the artificial environment to reduce crime, which effectively increases social capital, improves quality of life and increases capital. Socially, it has a great impact. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate how to improve security in dilapidated spaces with emphasis on sustainable urban environment with the C.P.T.E.D approach. The research is descriptive and analytical and has been done in a library and field method using documentary sources and SPSS. The statistical population and the study area is Deh district of Tehran. The results show that the use of cpted approach in urban design and urban public spaces will increase social security in these spaces and, consequently, will improve the quality of life in these spaces for its residents. This is because the feeling of security as a mental matter is influenced by various social and psychological factors. Manuscript profile
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        443 - An Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Decrease of Social Security in Urban Areas (A Case Study of District Two of the Holy City of Qom)
        vahid barani pesyan Mohammad Reza Pour Ghlami mohammad reza pourgholami-sarvandani
        There are different opinions on the reasons why urban communities have been created. One of these views is the city's rise based on defense. In this research using a descriptive-analytical method, the factors of crime and social anomalies in the two regions of the holy More
        There are different opinions on the reasons why urban communities have been created. One of these views is the city's rise based on defense. In this research using a descriptive-analytical method, the factors of crime and social anomalies in the two regions of the holy city of Qom have been investigated. For this purpose, a questionnaire was developed and distributed among the 212 citizens of district 2 in Qom. Using Chi-square, one-sample t-test, and factorial analysis the results of the study were analyzed in the SPSS software. Before the analysis the KMO test was used to ensure the researchers of the suitability of data for analysis. The KMO which was estimated to be 0.73 indicated the existence of suitable data in the study. The result of the study was that factors like spaces with minimal visibility, lack of proper urban management, low light spaces, lack of proper urban planning, inappropriate transportation, and inadequacies of the security forces have caused abnormalities and as a result have decreased the security in the district two of Qom. Manuscript profile
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        444 - Factors affecting upgrade of security level in public spaces (Case Study: Urban Parks of Amol city)
        رحیم بردی آنامرادنژاد زهره بلوری
        Today, security is one of the characteristics of social life in cities and social damage is the most consequence of the lack of security. Identifying factors contributing to the promotion of safe public spaces as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the factors iden More
        Today, security is one of the characteristics of social life in cities and social damage is the most consequence of the lack of security. Identifying factors contributing to the promotion of safe public spaces as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the factors identified in this study is the main objective. In this paper, Analytical- description research has been applied. Field research has been used in the present research. The population of this paper consists of Amol parks goers (citizens at the park) are randomly selected for a sample of about 150 people. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by experts. Assessing their reliability was done  with Cronbach's alpha. In order to test the research hypotheses, statistical methods such as T- test and Friedman test were used.The results showed that the four components of the functional, aesthetic, environmental, and social , in order of importance, are effective to enhance the security of urban parks of Amol.   Manuscript profile
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        445 - Correlation between Security-Defense Threats with Developmental Levels in Kurdistan Province Using Spatial Planning Approach
        Sayed Mostafa hashemi abbas alipour amir fathi
        Today, regarding the widespread and complexity of domestic and foreign relations in different countries, as well as the prevalence of insecurity in the region, and especially the presence of ISIS, security-defense, and threats are of paramount importance. These threats More
        Today, regarding the widespread and complexity of domestic and foreign relations in different countries, as well as the prevalence of insecurity in the region, and especially the presence of ISIS, security-defense, and threats are of paramount importance. These threats are more sensitive and important in the border provinces. Maintaining security and expanding it in the border areas are among the most important concerns of countries that have a wide variety of borders with their neighbors. New insights on border security emphasize sustainable development strategy in these areas. This applied research aims to investigate security-defense threats in the cities of Kurdistan province using an analytical-exploratory method. Moreover the study seeks to measure the relationship between these threats and indicators using Pearson correlation. The data of this research were obtained through documentary, library, and questionnaire. This study examines theories regarding the correlation of security and defense with development in Kurdistan province as a case study. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between security-defense and health-economic indicators. But there was no significant relationship between threats and cultural indicators, transportation, infrastructure and all other indicators. Finally, the researchers have suggested a strategy for the province with the help of the elite people. Manuscript profile
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        446 - Analyzing the Influential Components on Women’s Sense of Social Security in Public Green Spaces (A Case Study of Niavaran Park, District 1 of Tehran Municipality)
        Batoul Majidi Khameneh Parviz Aghaei Saeid Zarghami Hossein Raesi
        Women’s sense of social security is one of those important issues which occupy a prominent position in the feminist approaches. Along with the development of human societies, there have arisen diverse questions and controversies about women’s sense of social More
        Women’s sense of social security is one of those important issues which occupy a prominent position in the feminist approaches. Along with the development of human societies, there have arisen diverse questions and controversies about women’s sense of social security. For example, can a woman lead a free life without fear in today’s world? In recent years, various studies have been conducted throughout the world, including Iran. Considering this necessity, the current study seeks to investigate those components that are influential on women’s sense of social security in public green spaces. The methodology used is descriptive-analytical and it is practical in terms of its purpose. The sample size consists of 165 female persons. They have been selected randomly. Apart from descriptive statistics, Gamma and Lambda correlations tests as well as Pearson and Regression tests were utilized for analyzing the data. The results indicated that women’s sense of social security in Niavaran Park is relatively strong. Nonetheless, the main argument focuses on the determination of influential components. The findings showed that the social capital with 0.69 and groupism with 0.19 regression coefficients had the lowest and the highest impact on the women’s sense of social security in Niavaran Park respectively. Furthermore, factors like age (0.36), education (0.53) and financial situation (0.35) had a positive relationship with women’s sense of social security. Generally, women’s security in society falls under the influence of social and environmental conditions on one hand and socio-economic base of the family on the other hand. Manuscript profile
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        447 - The Role of Social Interactions to Create Environmental Security in Residential Complexes (A Case Study of Phase One of Ekbatan Town, Tehran)
        farnaz lashgari jamalledin soheili
        Nowadays, residential complexes are designed in such a way that the amount of social exchanges in them has decreased. One of the factors that has diminished the role of social interactions in residential complexes is the issue of environmental security. Therefore, in th More
        Nowadays, residential complexes are designed in such a way that the amount of social exchanges in them has decreased. One of the factors that has diminished the role of social interactions in residential complexes is the issue of environmental security. Therefore, in this research, the role of social interactions in creating environmental security in residential complexes has been investigated. The research method in this study is based on the survey-correlation method. The statistical population in this research was sampled from among the residential complexes of Tehran. Ekbatan residential complex was considered as the smaller part of the statistical population and finally, by analyzing the obtained information, the hypothesis related to the project was tested. According to the obtained information, it was found that there is a significant relationship between social interactions and environmental security in the residential complex. Manuscript profile
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        448 - The Role of Defenseless Urban Spaces in Women's Security (A Case Study of Jiroft, Kerman Province)
        Lotfali Kozegar Kaleji Ali Nourozi
        The growing trend of urban development and the fundamental changes in the body structure of cities have made it imperative to pay attention to the quality of urban spaces. The low level of quality of space, which is considered an unprotected space, is strongly influence More
        The growing trend of urban development and the fundamental changes in the body structure of cities have made it imperative to pay attention to the quality of urban spaces. The low level of quality of space, which is considered an unprotected space, is strongly influenced by the security of citizens and especially vulnerable groups such as women. In this regard, this study emphasizes the role of unprotected spaces in Jiroft, to assess the extent of its relationship and its impact on women's security. The necessary data were collected using a questionnaire. Using the independent t-test, Kendal's correlation and regression, first, the quality of urban spaces and then its relationship and its impact on women's safety were determined. The results of the study, which were extracted from a sample of 383 people, show that nine quality indicators of space with a score of 2.7 are lower than the average of 3, which indicates the development of defenseless spaces in the city of Jiroft. Also, the relationship between unprotected spaces and women's security can be confirmed with a coefficient of 0.577 and an error level of 0.000. Finally, using the regression test, the effect of women's security on these spaces with a correlation coefficient of 0.655 and an impact level of 41% indicates the effect of independent variables on dependent variables. It can be stated that due to the dissatisfaction of women with the quality of urban spaces and the positive relationship between these spaces and the level of security, it is necessary to review urban design, especially in marginal areas. Manuscript profile
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        449 - Examining the Role of the Physical Security Components in Creating a Place Attachment (A Case Study of Asman and Yasmin Residential Complexes in Maragheh)
        Islam Karami Leila Rahimi Mehrnaz Bologhi Hadis Bordbar
        Today, ignoring the principles and components of security in the design of residential complexes has led to a decrease in place attachment. The purpose of the current research is to improve the level of place attachment in the residential complexes of Maragheh through t More
        Today, ignoring the principles and components of security in the design of residential complexes has led to a decrease in place attachment. The purpose of the current research is to improve the level of place attachment in the residential complexes of Maragheh through the physical components of security. The results of the research show that the condition of the physical components of security and place attachment in the residential complexes of Maragheh has been evaluated from the perspective of the residents as favorable and in an average-to-high condition. Also, there is a linear relationship between the components of security, except for the components of the quality of the living environment and proximity to uses, and place attachment. In terms of effectiveness, territorialization and monitoring components have the greatest impact on place attachment.  Manuscript profile
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        450 - The Role of Foot Bridge in Social-traffic Discipline and Safety Case study :( Kerman city)
        Hojjat Allah Sharafi
        Traffic in various cities depending on the social, cultural, and industrial and urbanity pertinence of that situation have different reasons. Excessive population growth and quick increase of the number of vehicles in our country and on the other hand, fixed physical st More
        Traffic in various cities depending on the social, cultural, and industrial and urbanity pertinence of that situation have different reasons. Excessive population growth and quick increase of the number of vehicles in our country and on the other hand, fixed physical structure and quality of pathways and streets, and the transformation states, leads to vehicle compressibility in communicative routes. Kerman as one of the metropolises in Iran is not an exception. Since one of main traffic problems of Kerman is related to cultural issue for encouraging people to use Foot Bridge, the main objective of this research is to study the existing bridge’s condition and analyze its efficiency. In an analytical and descriptive research through testing the null hypothesis , the quantitative results of which was verified by the collected qualitative data, the researcher attempted to determine the perception of the citizens of the efficiency of the existing footbridges. The findings revealed that citizens believes that existing structure of footbridge can't be helpful in reducing the traffic density in communicative routes in Kerman. Manuscript profile
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        451 - The Concept of City and Social Security from the Perspective of Religious Teachings
        Yadollah Maleki
        The holy religion of Islam regarded the issue of social security as a very important principle in man’s life and considered all other subjects depended upon security. Today, the most crucial issue in urbanism is social security. In Holy Quran and Imams’ Trad More
        The holy religion of Islam regarded the issue of social security as a very important principle in man’s life and considered all other subjects depended upon security. Today, the most crucial issue in urbanism is social security. In Holy Quran and Imams’ Tradition, security is given a very special position. The methodology in this research is descriptive-analytical and the data are gathered through library and documentary sources. However, in this paper, the researchers investigated the concept of city and social security from religious teachings’ viewpoints (Quran and Tradition) and in this regard, the key indexes of social security and secure city from the viewpoints of Quran and Tradition, principles and threatening factors as well as social security solutions are studied. Manuscript profile
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        452 - Teacher Immunity in English Language Institutes and Public Schools: EFL Teachers’ Perception in Focus
        Mehrnoosh Haji Jalili Mehrdad Sepehri Sajjad Shafiee
        10.30495/jfl.2023.699909
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        453 - Explaining how to establish security and security in the silk trade during the Shah Abbas I era (With an emphasis on the convergence and divergence of external relations)
        mohammad azagh
        Business security has always played a significant role in the economy of the state. Silk trade in history was one of the key indicators in Iranian trade. The Safavid period of the sixteenth century coincided with the Renaissance in Europe and the simultaneous attention More
        Business security has always played a significant role in the economy of the state. Silk trade in history was one of the key indicators in Iranian trade. The Safavid period of the sixteenth century coincided with the Renaissance in Europe and the simultaneous attention of the European countries to Iran, especially in the field of trade. Shah Abbas I Safavid (1006-1038 AH) found that the key to the happiness and abundance of Iranian economy lies in silk, thus, with such actions as the defeat of Uzbeks and Ottomans and the acquisition of silk states of Iran and the rule of security on the border states, as well The introduction of Armenians, which, due to Christianity, could be more easily communicated with the Europeans, would make Iran's business more fresh. He also created a climate of peace with the establishment of security and safety in roads and inn and expansion of communications. In addition, Shah Abbas with other European countries, including Britain, Portugal and Spain, ... established massive commercial and political ties, and through dispatching ambassadors, he provided export silk to European countries. Manuscript profile
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        454 - Social order and security during the Al-Buwayh era based on efficient corps
        jamileh mirzakhani hoseyn khosravi Sohrab Eslami
        The IRGC was important to the Sultan of the Buyids because of its militaristic nature and for maintaining its occupation and fighting the claimants of the government. Therefore, recognizing the position, role and function of the IRGC in the Buwayhid era is a matter of r More
        The IRGC was important to the Sultan of the Buyids because of its militaristic nature and for maintaining its occupation and fighting the claimants of the government. Therefore, recognizing the position, role and function of the IRGC in the Buwayhid era is a matter of recognizing the structure of government and, consequently, the order and security of the society of the Buwayhid era. In this regard, the central question of the present study is what was the military strategy of the IRGC in the era of Al-Buwayh and what were its characteristics? The hypothesis is that the composition and military strategy of this period consisted of heterogeneous parts: this strategy, as long as powerful rulers were in power, led to the order and security of the country, and with the beginning of the weakness of the rulers, a wave of insecurity began. Learned. In the present article, an attempt is made to explain the role of the IRGC in the process of social order and security during the rule of Al-Buwayh by a descriptive-analytical method with a historical approach and relying on library studies.Keywords: Al-Buwayh, Social Order and Security, Buoy Corps, Military Strategy, War Techniques Manuscript profile
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        455 - The effect of Seljuk and Ghoz Turkoman attacks on food security of the Iranian plateau (In the fifth century AH)
        Mohsen Momeni Ameneh Farhang Dizaj
        The arrival of Seljuq Turks in Ghaznavids territory in the early fifth century AH led to significant changes in Iranian Plateau. Seljuq Turks entered Ghaznavids territory as nomads, while their entrance to the Ghaznavids territory the city Khorasan was a sedentary settl More
        The arrival of Seljuq Turks in Ghaznavids territory in the early fifth century AH led to significant changes in Iranian Plateau. Seljuq Turks entered Ghaznavids territory as nomads, while their entrance to the Ghaznavids territory the city Khorasan was a sedentary settlement full of towns and villages. Newcomers in Khorasan and the west were Muslims. Turkish tribes used to immigrate in a large scale as well. The sedentary people of these regions were facing new challenges while dealing with the lifestyle of Turkish tribes. The study at hand uses data and historical writings in order to analyze and investigate the food security before and after the arrival of Seljuq Turks in Iranian Plateau. The research findings show that Seljuq Turks and other tribes with their dangerous actions were a threat to the national and food security. Furthermore, people from different regions faced new problems following these threats. The following descriptive-analytical study investigates factors influencing the food security in Seljuq era. The study also investigates food security, food itself and different products of different regions. Manuscript profile
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        456 - Investigating the Impact of US-Saudi Political-Military Relations and Its Role on Iran's Foreign Policy; Historical Siri
        Ali Latifinia Hossein Karimi Fard Fereidun Akbarzadeh
        The present study was conducted with the aim of influencing the US-Saudi political-military relationship on the security order in the Middle East. In this research, the method and tool of data analysis is descriptive-analytical. The Middle East is important in terms of More
        The present study was conducted with the aim of influencing the US-Saudi political-military relationship on the security order in the Middle East. In this research, the method and tool of data analysis is descriptive-analytical. The Middle East is important in terms of political geography, strategic geography and economic geography, and the existence of such components has made the Middle East order and security always on the US agenda in the post-World War II era. Saudi-US relations will have a major impact on the security order in the region. With the power vacuum and the expansion of the anarchic situation in the Middle East, each of the influential actors in the region, including Iran and Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Israel, are developing their military capabilities. Turkey has already sought to increase its political and economic position in the Persian Gulf, South Asia, the Middle East, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, and Central Asia and the Caucasus. The new US-Saudi alliance was formed between 2017 and 2020 with the aim of establishing a new order in the Middle East. Manuscript profile
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        457 - Guaranteeing enforcement of violations of international law by intellectual property rights owners; A look at historical legal sources
        Pezhman Mirkarimi Seyed Bagher Mirabbasi Maryam Moradi
        Today, one of the most fundamental concerns of humanity is the maintenance of world peace, security and order, and international law always tries to maintain international order and peace by establishing treaties and establishing organizations. Intellectual property rig More
        Today, one of the most fundamental concerns of humanity is the maintenance of world peace, security and order, and international law always tries to maintain international order and peace by establishing treaties and establishing organizations. Intellectual property rights, which in today's world have transcended geographical boundaries due to their excessive use and have become very important internationally, have caused great scientific, cultural, artistic, exploratory and inventive changes. But he has appeared in the international arena with dual faces. On the one hand, growth follows the progress of science, industry and art, and on the other hand, it is a tool in the hands of intellectual property rights holders to violate international peace and security. There are many examples in the world today, such as the use and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, the monopoly of the right to produce drugs and the lack of access of countries to it, which shows the violation of international peace and security by intellectual property rights holders. But what are the mechanisms by which intellectual property law and international law violate international law and, in fact, international peace and security? Examination of documents related to intellectual property rights and guarantees of their implementation shows that there is no guarantee that international property rights holders who violate international peace and security will violate international peace and security. In international law, the mechanisms provided for in international instruments, except for issuing resolutions, declarations, reporting and announcing them to other governments, do not guarantee practical implementation, Manuscript profile
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        458 - بررسی سند استراتژی امنیت ملی آمریکا (2015) و تأثیر آن بر امنیت ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
        دکتر احمد جالینوسی سید محمود هاشمی محسن باقری
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        459 - سیاست امنیتی روسیه در قبال اوکراین (1991-2012)
        محمدرضا سورتچی ابولقاسم باباتبار سرخی
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        460 - الزامات امنیت زیست محیطی در هزاره سوم با تاکید بر انسان، سازمان و اجتماع
        علیرضا مزیدی غلامرضا طالقانی
        Manuscript profile
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        461 - Study of Relationship between Food Security with Urban Population and Development Plans in Iran
        jalal salem
        The purpose of this study is investigating the food security among the Iranian's urban households and effective factors involved for the period of 1983 to 2011. For this purpose, time series pattern used for evaluating the effective factors. The results showed that duri More
        The purpose of this study is investigating the food security among the Iranian's urban households and effective factors involved for the period of 1983 to 2011. For this purpose, time series pattern used for evaluating the effective factors. The results showed that during the period the food security of urban households had an increasing trend. Despite the enhancement of food security among urban households, 5.1 percent of the urban population received less than necessary calorie level in 2011. The effect of the percentage of urban population on urban households' food security index has been negative, although not significant at an appropriate level. The lag variable of aggregate food security index changes on growth of aggregate food security index in the next year will be negative, so that increasing in one unit growth of food security index in one year; its growth will be decreased by 0.008 units in the next year. According to the results, the index stability and keeping its increasing trend should be considered as a priority in the future development plans. Manuscript profile
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        462 - Imbalance Between Cybercrime Punishments with Some of the Corresponding Traditional Crimes
        ali arman
        10.30495/cyberlaw.2022.693897
        Background and purpose: The emergence of the Covid-19 has threatened physical and mental health and has negatively affected the economy of all countries in the world as well as the people’s daily life. All countries of the world have imposed restrictions such as t More
        Background and purpose: The emergence of the Covid-19 has threatened physical and mental health and has negatively affected the economy of all countries in the world as well as the people’s daily life. All countries of the world have imposed restrictions such as travel, quarantine, school closures, social distancing measures. In the current situation, information and communication technologies and cyberspace play a significant role in establishing communication between the people. Most of the countries in the world use remote working systems and online mechanisms of education letting students and staff stay and work from their homes. There has also been a very high demand in activities such as telecommuting, electronic health care systems, food delivery and online shopping. The cyberspace criminals have taken the Covid-19 Pandemic as an opportunity to launch attacks against financial interests and promote their nefarious purposes.Findings: During the outbreak of the Covid-19, ransomware, phishing attacks and botnets have targeted the banking systems, personal virtual space education, health care and resources such as the confidentiality of patient records which have endangered privacy and have compromised the confidentiality and integrity of data. People are falling prey to cyber-attacks through Covid-19 related content.Results: In this article, several important cyber security threat methods that existed or could occur during this pandemic have been examined. We have also discussed the concerns in the midst of this privacy-centered pandemic and finally examined some of the ways to deal with these threats. Abidance by the ways and methods revealed through this research will enable the people to keep safe in the cyber space to a noticeable degree. Manuscript profile
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        463 - Situational Prevention Approaches of Iran's Criminal Policy Against Cyber Security Violations in the Light of International Documents
        Eraj Negahdar babak pourghahramani Jamal Beigi
        10.30495/cyberlaw.2023.701662
        Prevention of security breaches today depends on understanding the concepts and examples of cyber security breaches as well as appropriate examination of the measures applied by governments in adopting preventive criminal policies. This is a relatively new issue but imp More
        Prevention of security breaches today depends on understanding the concepts and examples of cyber security breaches as well as appropriate examination of the measures applied by governments in adopting preventive criminal policies. This is a relatively new issue but important one in thatit constitutes the most important component in expressing the desired governance of countries. Furthermore, as the evidence show, the cyberspace is the target of complex security-violating actions it has induced the governments both in the domestic and international arenas to apply efficient and effective approaches and guidelines of active and comprehensive preventive criminal policies and to seek suitable solutions against the cyber security breaches. The present article follows descriptive-analytical methodology inanalysing the situational preventive approaches of Iran against cyber security violations as stipulated under laws and legal documents as well as the international instruemts. It seems that, despite the fact that the legal system has taken different cyber security approaches in situational prevention of the cyber breaches but, the criminal policies of Iran, in spite of the attempts at strengthening of the cyber security foundations, lacks the differentiation bases and have not been successful in adopting centralized and effiient policies in preventing the cyber space breaches Manuscript profile
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        464 - Analysis and Assessment of the the performance of the Committee on Disarmament and International Security of the United Nations General Assembly in the Area of International Information Security: Case study of " Government Experts"
        nasrollah soltani Mohammad Ali Kafaeifar Mohammad Reza Hosseiny
        10.30495/cyberlaw.2022.696808
        Less than a century has passed since the emergence of the new generation of international organizations. But in this relatively short period, these institutions have, more or les,s proved their necessity in all fields and arenas of international relations. Undoubtedly, More
        Less than a century has passed since the emergence of the new generation of international organizations. But in this relatively short period, these institutions have, more or les,s proved their necessity in all fields and arenas of international relations. Undoubtedly, the significant growth of the International Law has happened owing to the existence and nature of international organizations, of which the cyber field is one of the latest. The reports of the government experts, the resolutions of the First Committee and the analysis of the content of the documents aim to produce knowledge and expert understanding of the subject. The approach of this research is inductive. It falls under documentary research category and is based on evidence taken from the study of the documents of the United Nations. The findings of the research confirm that the evasion of responsibility of the actors in this arena, the weakness of the evidence and the inadequacy of the existing rules for finding crimes and the attribution of crime as well as the difficulty of forming legal responsibility in this arena constitute the main reasons for the ineffectiveness of UN rule-making processes including its government experts for creating security in the cyber space. The result is the increased trend of insecurity in this space. On the other hand, the visible and hidden competitions of the big cyber powers and their influence in the various organs of the United Nations have prevented this organization from achieving much success in its global mission to systematize the cyber space. Meanwhile, the negative role and performance of the United States government and the lack of real attempts on the parts of the international community are of the outstanding factors of the ineffectiveness of this organization in facing the issues and problems of the cyber space Manuscript profile
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        465 - Possible Responses to Cyber Attacks from the perspective of International Law
        Azar Givkey
        10.30495/cyberlaw.2023.701823
        Cyber-attacks, while as easy as pushing a button, can have devastating and possibly catastrophic consequences such as the destruction, disabling or malfunctioning of critical infrastructure. Such an inevitable action certainly has to be timely and appropriately responde More
        Cyber-attacks, while as easy as pushing a button, can have devastating and possibly catastrophic consequences such as the destruction, disabling or malfunctioning of critical infrastructure. Such an inevitable action certainly has to be timely and appropriately responded by the affected states. Although the issue of international responsibility of states, as a broad concept of cyber-attacks, faces many challenges, assuming that the aggrieved State is able to identify the source of the cyber-attack and also able to attribute the same to a country, the question that arises is: what legal solutions exist for the aggrieved government in order to respond appropriately and realize its right. In this article, which has employed library studies and analytical and descriptive methodology, we intend to examine the types of possible responses to cyber-attacks by the aggrieved governments and the conditions for using each of the possible responses. Manuscript profile
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        466 - An efficient cloud based architecture to improve smart grid performance
        Mohammad Rasoul Momeni Fatemeh Haghighat Mohsen Haghighat
        Due to explosive growth of users, increasing energy demand and also the need to improve efficiency and maintain the stability of the electricity grid, smart grid is the only option available to electrical industry engineers. In fact, the smart grid is a physical-cyber s More
        Due to explosive growth of users, increasing energy demand and also the need to improve efficiency and maintain the stability of the electricity grid, smart grid is the only option available to electrical industry engineers. In fact, the smart grid is a physical-cyber system that provides coherent and integrated communication, processing and control functions. The smart grid provides control and management of millions of devices in the electricity industry in a reliable, scalable, cost-effective, real time and two-sided manner. Given the increasing growth of cyber threats in the last decade, the need to protect the electricity industry and its critical systems seems essential. The slightest disruption to the power industry's systems results in disruption to other industries, reduced productivity, and discontent. Hence we proposed an efficient cloud based architecture to improve smart grid performance. Proposed architecture provides data security and privacy against different types of cyber-attacks such as replay attack, modification attack and so on. Manuscript profile
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        467 - A solution to Secrecy Sum Rate Enhancement in 5G Networks Using IRS and NOMA by Cooperative Legal Users
        Afshin Souzani Mohammad Ali Pourmina Paeiz Azmi Mohammad Naser Moghadasi
        The use of new physical layer security approaches such as intelligent reflective surfaces as well as the use of existing capabilities in the mobile network such as the participation of network users as network partners are solutions that can be very effective in the nex More
        The use of new physical layer security approaches such as intelligent reflective surfaces as well as the use of existing capabilities in the mobile network such as the participation of network users as network partners are solutions that can be very effective in the next generation of mobile telecommunications to improve and increase the total Secrecy Rate in the physical layer.The proposed solution for improving the secrecy rate of the transmitted signal in the physical layer performed by closed-form solution to the described system. In this paper, we analyzed a network consisting of a gNB, two users, an IRS and an eavesdropper in an environment full of obstacles. Using Simulations, we evaluate our solution mathematically and investigate the effect of the eavesdropper location on the total secrecy rate. Also, the analysis and simulation of secrecy rate for the proposed network is performed by taking into account practical network considerations such as changing the location of the Eavesdropper in the network. In addition, the impact of changing the number of elements of smart surface arrays has been analyzed. The numerical results reveal that increasing IRS elements can enhance the ergodic secrecy rate, the reason is that increasing of IRS elements can focuses the main beam of data signal on the first user which increase secrecy rate. Finally, we compare the performance of the OMA and NOMA techniques in the proposed system model. We show that the NOMA technique provides 50% more ergodic secrecy rate compared to the OMA technique. Manuscript profile
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        468 - Day-Ahead Coordination of Vehicle-to-Grid Operation and Wind Power in Security Constraints Unit Commitment (SCUC)
        Mohammad Javad Abdollahi Majid Moazzami
        In this paper security constraints unit commitment (SCUC) in the presence of wind power resources and electrical vehicles to grid is presented. SCUC operation prepare an optimal time table for generation unit commitment in order to maximize security, minimize operation More
        In this paper security constraints unit commitment (SCUC) in the presence of wind power resources and electrical vehicles to grid is presented. SCUC operation prepare an optimal time table for generation unit commitment in order to maximize security, minimize operation cost and satisfy the constraints of networks and units in a period of time, as one of the most important research interest in power systems. Today, the relationship between power network and energy storage systems is interested for many researchers and network operators. Using Electrical Vehicles (PEVs) and wind power for energy production is one of the newest proposed methods for replacing fossil fuels.One of the effective strategies for analyzing of the effects of Vehicle 2 Grid (V2G) and wind power in optimal operation of generation is running of SCUC for power systems that are equipped with V2G and wind power resources. In this paper, game theory method is employed for deterministic solution of day-ahead unit commitment with considering security constraints in the simultaneous presence of V2G and wind power units. This problem for two scenarios of grid-controlled mode and consumer-controlled mode in three different days with light, medium and heavy load profiles is analyzed. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the presence of V2G and wind power for decreasing of generation cost and improving operation indices of power systems. Manuscript profile
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        469 - Improvement of Networked Control Systems Performance Using a New Encryption Algorithm
        Seyed Ali Mesbahifard Benyamin Hagh Niaz Jahrimi Pooya Hajebi Seyed Mohammad Taghi Almadrasi
        Networked control systems are control systems which controllers and plants are connected via telecommunication network. One of the most important challenges in networked control systems is the problem of network time delay. Increasing of time delay may affect on control More
        Networked control systems are control systems which controllers and plants are connected via telecommunication network. One of the most important challenges in networked control systems is the problem of network time delay. Increasing of time delay may affect on control system performance extremely. Other important issue in networked control systems is the security problems.  Since it is possible that unknown people access to network especially Internet, the probability of terrible attacks such as deception attacks is greater, therefore presentation of methods which could decrease time delay and increase system immunity are desired. In this paper a symmetric encryption with low data volume against deception attacks is proposed. This method has high security and low time delay rather than the other encryption algorithms and could improve the control system performance against deception attacks. Manuscript profile
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        470 - The status of tourism in national security and the process of development of countries (case study: Iran)
        ali movagharpak fateme ghorbani
        According to the World Tourism Organization, Iran ranked fifth in the natural attractions, and ranked tenth in historical and historical attractions. Therefore, the survey of tourists' performance levels in relation to tourist sites, in terms of correct management and c More
        According to the World Tourism Organization, Iran ranked fifth in the natural attractions, and ranked tenth in historical and historical attractions. Therefore, the survey of tourists' performance levels in relation to tourist sites, in terms of correct management and control of their behavior and promotion General awareness at various levels has a significant role in controlling tourism terrorism and promoting national security, and this provides development of the country in terms of economic, social, cultural, political and physical. No tourist is interested in being in critical or unsafe destinations. Therefore, it is necessary to know that "tourism security" is not only the protection of tourists from thieves and kidnappers; but also road safety, flight safety, formal procedures, visa issuance, full coverage of travel insurance, law enforcement, business activity and restrictions. All of the security issues Tourism is one of the factors affecting the success or failure of the tourism industry in the four corners of the global village. Finally, with the proper management and planning in the field of tourism security, it attracts tourists in the countrInteractions that affect the tourist's long-term, ecologically sustainable, economically durable, socially correlated, and beautifully landscaped landscapes. This research is based on analytical-descriptive and general-based reasoning, based on library resources, documents and statistical data of various centers and Scientific web sites have been used and information gathering has been used in a variety of ways. The result of the analysis confirms that national security, including Iran, has a direct relationship with their development and tourism. Manuscript profile
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        471 - Sense of Security in Women Based on Structural Design of Seifiyeh Park
        Sonbol Hatami Sara Jalaliyan
        AbstractThe expansion of cities and the growth of populations have led to alteration of urban structures and disturbance of the balance between the urban form and the natural environment which was once the initial bedrock of human settlements. This has been followed by More
        AbstractThe expansion of cities and the growth of populations have led to alteration of urban structures and disturbance of the balance between the urban form and the natural environment which was once the initial bedrock of human settlements. This has been followed by an increase in people’s need for new public and natural places to spend time and relax. In modern cities, parks are constructed to create balance between animate and inanimate urban textures and to provide urban citizens with places to gather and commune with nature.This has sparked a number of studies about these crimes and the possible ways to prevent criminal behaviors in these environments. This study aims to evaluate the security of women in Seifiyeh Park in the Iranian city of Malayer. The methodology of this research is qualitative-quantitative in the form of context analysis and case study. The required data were collected from the statistical population in the study area with the help of questionnaires based on the Cochran formula. The collected data were then analyzed by T-test and regression. The results of this study can help officials protect women against insecurity and aggression in parks and help pave the way for women’s constant presence in these environments without fear of harassment. The goals of this study are evaluation of said park’s design based on the crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) approach, examining its relationship with the amount of security and sense of security and investigation of the relationship between security and women’s participation. Manuscript profile
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        472 - Evaluation of Tourist Satisfaction and Analysis of Factors Affecting Their Satisfaction in West Frontier Cities of Iran (Case Study: Marivan City, Kurdistan Province)
        Seyed Hadi Tayebnia
        Considering the high volume of tourists entering this city, it is essential to examine the factors affecting their satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the satisfaction of tourists from Marivan city and the factors affecting it. The re More
        Considering the high volume of tourists entering this city, it is essential to examine the factors affecting their satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the satisfaction of tourists from Marivan city and the factors affecting it. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, descriptive-analytic. Data collection was done using both documentary and field studies. The statistical population of this study includes all tourists entering the city of Marivan who have stayed in the city for at least 24 hours. The sample size was 200 samples, according to the research facilities, as well as the opinion of the professors and experts. Data and information were analyzed using Excel softwares (for descriptive data) and SPSS software and correlation test was performed between variables. The results of the research indicate the high impact of factors, urban facilities and services, social security, market and market practices on the satisfaction of tourists from the border town of Marivan. Also, there was a significant relationship between tourist satisfaction with urban amenities and services, social security, marketers' actions with a correlation of 0.730.0.772 and 0.645, and a significant level less than 0.5. By improving these factors, it increases the satisfaction of tourists from staying in the city. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to improving these factors in order to increase the satisfaction of tourists and their return. Manuscript profile
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        473 - Assessment and Analysis of Influential Components in Defenseless Urban Spaces A Case of District One in Tabriz
        lachın pahlavan saeedeh feızı negar pahlavan
        In this research, the analysis of influential components in vulnerable urban spaces at the neighborhood level within one municipality of Tabriz is conducted. Urban spaces are pivotal for citizens' life and activity, aiming to provide safe, healthy, stable, and attractiv More
        In this research, the analysis of influential components in vulnerable urban spaces at the neighborhood level within one municipality of Tabriz is conducted. Urban spaces are pivotal for citizens' life and activity, aiming to provide safe, healthy, stable, and attractive environments that cater to diverse societal needs based on individual characteristics, age, social groups, and gender. The study utilized the T-test to analyze components, dimensions, and effective areas in vulnerable spaces, categorizing twelve investigated components into three groups and assessing their impact separately. Additionally, one-way variance analysis was employed to compare 13 neighborhoods in Tabriz city, with subsequent ranking using the Vicor model. Results highlight that physical-environmental components exerted the most significant impact on the formation of vulnerable spaces, revealing notable differences among localities concerning missing spaces, corners, inadequate lighting, and specific alley and street configurations like L-shaped and U-shaped layouts, underpasses, and bridges. Manuscript profile
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        474 - The status of Tourism in National Security and Developmental Trend of Countries (a Case Study of Iran)
        ali movagharpak fatemeh ghorbani
        According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), Iran held the fifth and tenth rank of natural and historical attractions respectively. Therefore, the survey of performance levels of tourists in relation to tourist sites, in terms of appropriate management and control More
        According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), Iran held the fifth and tenth rank of natural and historical attractions respectively. Therefore, the survey of performance levels of tourists in relation to tourist sites, in terms of appropriate management and control of their behavior and promoting general awareness at various levels has a significant role in controlling tourism terrorism and promoting national security, and this provides the development of the country as far as economic, social, cultural, political and physical issues are concerned. No tourist is interested in visiting unsafe destinations. Therefore, it is necessary to know that "tourism security" is not only the protection of tourists against thieves and kidnappers; but also it requires road and flight safety, formalities, visa issuance, full coverage of travel insurance, law enforcement, business activity and restrictions. All of these factors are security issues of tourism which affect the success or failure of tourism industry in the world. Finally, with proper management and planning in the field of tourism security, more tourists can be attracted to the country, so that if this development strengthens the positive aspects of tourism in socio-economic and environmental dimensions, it will also lead to sustainable development of the regions as well as interactions because of which an area becomes bio-environmentally habitable, economically durable, socially united, and physically beautiful and worth visiting. This research is an analytical-descriptive study which is based on reasoning, library resources, documents and statistical data are obtained from various centers. Scientific web sites have been used and the necessary data have been gathered in different ways. The result of the analysis confirms that national security in all parts of the world, including Iran, has a direct relationship with tourism development and tourist’s attraction. Manuscript profile
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        475 - Basics and Examples of Justifiability of Criminalization of Crimes against Security
        shima moradifar Javad Tahmasabi mohammad ali mahdavi
        10.30495/jcld.2024.1989968.1070
        It seems that criminalization is not possible based on only one basis and opinion and for criminalization of crimes, attention should be paid to integrated or mixed theories. As these statements are more dexterous and efficient for justifying and explaining the basics a More
        It seems that criminalization is not possible based on only one basis and opinion and for criminalization of crimes, attention should be paid to integrated or mixed theories. As these statements are more dexterous and efficient for justifying and explaining the basics and the defect of one-dimensional looking is also solved. According to the current requirements of the Iran’s society and the threats toward country today and with considering the current security and military structures of the modern world, some of the behaviors are criminalized which lead to creating a threat for country's internal and external security. In customary and western law, many basics have been mentioned, however, the basics and examples that have the justifiability of criminalization of crimes against security and can be put in a logical combination are: the principle of welfare, the principle of damage, legal expediency and perfectionism. Legalism and its examples include: the necessity of establishment of an Islamic government and its preservation, the necessity of preserving the security of society, the necessity of preserving the territorial integrity and independence of the country, the necessity of preserving the popularity and political and economic power of the country. Manuscript profile
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        476 - Constructivist Epistemology of the Model of Social Disasters in Crimes against Security Emphasizing the Disaster of Generation Gap and Multi-polarization
        Mousavi Fard Seyed Mohammad Reza maryam forati
        10.30495/jcld.2023.1980031.1048
        Receive Date: 2023/02/12                    Revise Date: 2023/07/15                  &nbsp More
        Receive Date: 2023/02/12                    Revise Date: 2023/07/15                   Accept Date:  2023/07/16Incorrect management of generation gap and social disasters resulted from that on one hand, is changed to crimes against general security and on the other hand, to identity gap. It is possible with the constructivist theoretical approach examine the model of social crises caused by the generation gap and with security and delinquency  prevention criminological approaches  during middle time and long time, reduced its’ negative consequences. Constructivist approach provides best comprehension of social disasters caused by generation gap and its’ aspects. In this approach, the role of different factors; such as social networks on the process of social disasters is examined. However today social networks are one of the important arms of enemy for generation gap, social multi-polarization and weakness of national and political unity. For management of social disasters caused by generation gap, crisis-inducing social demands should be distinguished from organized crimes against public security and for prevention from changing a generation gap to identity gap and improvement of social security, using delinquency prevention criminological approaches is necessary. However the constructivist approach and using delinquency prevention criminological in middle time or long time is resulted in decrease of mentioned disasters’ functions and improvement of social security. Manuscript profile
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        477 - The Role of Kinship in Providing Security from the Viewpoint of Holy Quran Based upon Historical Anthropology
        Mahmoud Karimi Mohammad Hossein Shirzad Mohammad Hassan Shirzad
        "Security" is one of the most basic needs of human beings around the world. That's why the methods for providing security have received widespread attention from the Holy Qur'an. However, due to the long distance from the time of revelation of the Holy Qur'an, security More
        "Security" is one of the most basic needs of human beings around the world. That's why the methods for providing security have received widespread attention from the Holy Qur'an. However, due to the long distance from the time of revelation of the Holy Qur'an, security is often confined to concepts such as fighting or verses such as Anfal/60, and other important aspects of this issue has been far from the view of Islamic scholars. Therefore, the present research is an attempt to (A) study one of the main, neglected sources of security in the context of revelation, namely kinship, based upon anthropological approach, and (B) review the most important parts of Qur'anic teachings in this respect. This study shows that the Holy Qur'an uses the capacity of social institutions including kinship to promote security. Moreover, The Holy Qur'an seizes opportunities in consanguinity, affinity and fiction kinship to establish peace and security in societies. Manuscript profile
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        478 - Identifying and ranking influencing risks on security of information resources using multi –criteria decision-making technique
        Naser Zeydani Fariba Nazari
        Purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the effective risks of information security management systems in Aghajari oil and gas exploitation company. Statistical population of this study was 20 senior managers, middle managers and senior IT experts in the co More
        Purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the effective risks of information security management systems in Aghajari oil and gas exploitation company. Statistical population of this study was 20 senior managers, middle managers and senior IT experts in the company, who were highly skilled in the field of information security of this organization. This expert team was questioned both in the identification stage and in the prioritization of risks. To select these people, we tried to use the "judiciary" method and all well-known and knowledgeable individuals in the Aghajari oil and gas exploitation company participate in the research process in the field of research. Main tools for collecting data in this research were three questionnaires designedthe first questionnaire was designed. The aim of identifying risks and being semi-structured, Second questionnaire was designed with the aim of screening the identified risks in closed form and based on the five-choice Likert scale, Finally, the third questionnaire was designed with the aim of determining the principal risk weights (paired comparisons) as well as determining the priority of sub-risk (five-choice spectrum). After distributing and collecting data, the necessary analyzes were performed through SPSS, ExpertChoice and Excel software. In this process, analyzes were performed such as t-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, hierarchical analysis process, and topsis test. Finally, the research results identified 27 risks in four general categories. It should be noted that this research is in terms of its purpose in terms of the survey approach and the type of development studies. Manuscript profile
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        479 - The effect of classroom management skills training on organizational performance and behaviors with the mediation of cyber security of elementary school teachers in district 18 of Tehran.
        yaser jangi hemmat mohammadnejad
        The aim of the present study was the effect of classroom management skills training on organizational performance and behaviors with the mediation of cyber security of elementary school teachers in District 18 of Tehran. This applied research was a field data collection More
        The aim of the present study was the effect of classroom management skills training on organizational performance and behaviors with the mediation of cyber security of elementary school teachers in District 18 of Tehran. This applied research was a field data collection method, and in terms of the descriptive implementation method, it was a survey type. The statistical population included all primary school teachers in the 18th district of Tehran, totaling 320 people, and 175 people were selected as the sample size using the Karjesi and Morgan table and stratified random sampling method. Data collection tools included Wolfgang and Glickman's standard classroom management questionnaires (1986), Hersey and Goldsmith's organizational performance (2002), Luthans et al.'s organizational behavior (2007), and cyber security researcher-made questionnaire. To analyze the data, the descriptive and inferential part was used using structural equation method with Spss and Lisrel software. The results showed that classroom management skills training and its components have an effect on organizational performance and behaviors with the mediation of cyber security of primary school teachers in district 18 of Tehran. that the behavior management component has the greatest impact on organizational behaviors with regard to the mediation of organizational cyber security. Manuscript profile
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        480 - Determine the effect of an increase in the general level of prices on food health: a retrospective study
        mahmoud Bakhshinejad
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monetary shocks and food prices on food health. And it's important and necessary in many ways. The most important is food and nutrition security in Iran, food and nutrition security is achieved when all people A More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monetary shocks and food prices on food health. And it's important and necessary in many ways. The most important is food and nutrition security in Iran, food and nutrition security is achieved when all people At all times, the quantity and quality of the various foods with safe food content will be used to meet the needs and have a healthy and active life with health, a healthy environment and adequate care. Required data are extracted from the Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran Economic Time Database and the Food and Drug Administration of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education during the period of 1975-96. The model used in the Cargo (2005) model was taken. This model is an error correction model with food contamination variables, real food prices, real per capita income, real exchange rate, and negative and positive money supply shocks. The results indicate that in the long run, positive and negative monetary shocks have a positive and negative effect on food micro-nutrients, as well as actual per capita income has a significant and positive effect on food microbial contamination in Iran.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of monetary shocks and food prices on food microbial contamination, and it is important and necessary in many ways, most important of which is food and nutrition security in Iran, food and nutrition security is achieved when all people At all times, the quantity and quality of the various foods with safe food content will be used to meet the needs and have a healthy and active life with health, a healthy environment and adequate care. Required data are extracted from the Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran Economic Time Database and the Food and Drug Administration of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education during the period of 1975-96. The model used in the Cargo (2005) model was taken. This model is an error correction model with food contamination variables, real food prices, real per capita income, real exchange rate, and negative and positive money supply shocks. The results indicate that in the long run, positive and negative monetary shocks have a positive and negative effect on food micro-nutrients, as well as actual per capita income has a significant and positive effect on food microbial contamination in Iran. Manuscript profile
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        481 - The analysis of the Fragile state of Iraq and the Security Dilemma in the Persian Gulf
        Hossein Moeinabadi bidgoli Mansoureh Mansouri Parisa shahmohammadi
        10.30495/pir.2022.1958145.3504
        The security dilemma,as one of the main concerns of countries in the international arena, that as one country's security increases, other countries will go through a process of insecurity.It is the duty of states to provide political goods such as security, economic fac More
        The security dilemma,as one of the main concerns of countries in the international arena, that as one country's security increases, other countries will go through a process of insecurity.It is the duty of states to provide political goods such as security, economic facilities, legal order and infrastructure.When a state fails to provide these features, it is considered as a fragile state.The concept in the last decade, is one of the characteristics of some Middle Eastern countries.Iraq has been included in the group of fragile states since 2003 and has always had an unsatisfactory level of security since then.Accordingly,the main question is “what effect does the fragile state of Iraq have on the security dilemma in the Persian Gulf?”.Using a descriptive -analytical method, the purpose of this paper tries to examine the security dilemma in post-2003 Iraq as a state in the Persian Gulf region.Findings show that the fragile state of Iraq has intensified the security dilemma in the Persian Gulf by disrupting the regional Arab order, paving the way for increased military intervention,influencing the balance of power between Iran and Saudi Arabia, and paving the way for the spread of terrorist activities and oil smuggling in the Persian Gulf region. Manuscript profile
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        482 - The Iraqi Kurdistan Developments and its Impact of the National Security of Islamic Republic of Iran
        asghar bayat null null null null
        Abstract: The Iraqi Kurdistan region is one of the important regions of the Middle East due its unique geopolitics. This region after the fall of Saddam (2003) and the formation of autonomous government have witnessed several events and developments which have had thei More
        Abstract: The Iraqi Kurdistan region is one of the important regions of the Middle East due its unique geopolitics. This region after the fall of Saddam (2003) and the formation of autonomous government have witnessed several events and developments which have had their impact on the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present article has paid attention to Iraqi Kurdistan developments for two reasons. First due to presence and activities of regional and extra-regional powers in Iraqi Kurdistan after the fall of Saddam, second the spread and strengthening the Kurdish nationalism in Kurdish residing regions of Iran. The consequences of these events are the expansion of the ethnic demands and expectation of Iranian Kurds from the central government and the possibility of disintegration from Iranian central government with foreign backing. Therefore, the present article by futures studies method wants to answer the question as to “what are the impacts of Iraqi Kurdistan developments on security of the Islamic Republic of Iran?” The hypothesis is that the Iraqi Kurdistan developments particularly the presence of regional powers there and in areas near Iranian borders and the presence of Kurdish groups who are against Iran can provide a disfavor able ground for measures against the national security of Iran. Eventually in this regard four scenarios have been suggested for future of this issue in the Middle East. Manuscript profile
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        483 - Security Strategies of China against Geopolitical and Geostrategic Actions of the United States
        Mohsen Zamani
        Abstract: The relations between China and the United States may be the most complex and the most controversial relations among the big powers. These relations are affected by numerous variables and in many cases have been opposite and unpredictable. China is a represent More
        Abstract: The relations between China and the United States may be the most complex and the most controversial relations among the big powers. These relations are affected by numerous variables and in many cases have been opposite and unpredictable. China is a representative of the newly emerged powers and the United States is the representative of traditional powers. They have been considered as two rival and conflicting powers in world policies of the twenty first century. These complicated relations and China's emerging as a world power and the consequent repercussion of it is important in international system. Understanding the security strategies of these two countries in geostrategic and geopolitical region of the world will guide us about future prospect of international system. The present article tries to use an analytical model that is a moderation of the model of structural realism of Kenneth Waltz and raises this question that "what is China's security strategy against the geopolitical movements of the United States in geostrategic areas?" It is seen that China's security strategy is having four behavioral models of hard and soft balance, hard trail and soft trail which is based on relative strength, relative security and relative ideology. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical based on library sources. Manuscript profile
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        484 - Russia’s Security Strategy (2005-2015): From Soft Balancing to Hard Balancing against Hegemon
        Saeed Mirtorabi Mohammad Bagher Alitabar Firoozjani
        Abstract: The disintegration of bipolar system led to the rise of the United States as world dominating and hegemon power. This change in international system led the researcher to focus their study on the reaction of smaller power to the policy of hegemon power. In th More
        Abstract: The disintegration of bipolar system led to the rise of the United States as world dominating and hegemon power. This change in international system led the researcher to focus their study on the reaction of smaller power to the policy of hegemon power. In this direction, Russia's behavior in recent years against the United States has been studies. The article by a causal-analytical approach studies Russia's security strategy during 2005 to 2015. The underlying hypothesis is that the grand security strategy of Russia in the said period had been soft balancing against the hegemon. Nevertheless, Russia has kept the option of hard but calculable balancing against the hegemon in exceptional situations. The article refers to the reaction of Russia in Georgian crisis (2008), Ukraine crisis (2014) and Syrian crisis (2011-2017) and evaluated the hypothesis in the above said crises. The article is of the view that the Russian intervention in the Syrian crisis is related to the perception of Russia about the possible scenario of Assad's fall and the resultant security threat for Russia but Russia has been careful that the military intervention in Syria should not expand to the level which instigate the United States and its allies and direct them to a possible military confrontation.  Manuscript profile
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        485 - Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (BARJAM), the Iranian Nuclear Dossier and the Non-securitization Context of Securitization
        فرزاد رستمی masoud naderi
        Abstract Many theorists in the field of security are of the opinion that Iran does not adhere to the logic of security equation in the region and the world and this has led to political problems for the regional countries and Iran as well. The article by an analytical- More
        Abstract Many theorists in the field of security are of the opinion that Iran does not adhere to the logic of security equation in the region and the world and this has led to political problems for the regional countries and Iran as well. The article by an analytical-explanatory approach intends to examine the major determinants and performance of Islamic Republic of Iran in BARJAM (joint comprehensive plan of action) agreement within the framework of securitization and non-securitization. The present article tries to emphasize on the impact of BARJAM before and after this important agreement. BARJAM with its features led to a considerable change in the position of Islamic Republic of Iran. BARJAM showed Iran's position has been accepted by international community. The Iranian government has placed in the agenda normalization of her relations with West, so that it enables her to reconstruct her position in the region and the world. Manuscript profile
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        486 - Comparative Analysis of the Security in the Neorealist and Postmodern Perspective
        محمد رضا اقارب پرست محمد میلاد شجاعی
        Abstract Security is the vital and important subject in international relations. Theories of international relations provide different view about the state of creating secure condition or emergence of insecurity. Therefore, the question of security is the preoccupation More
        Abstract Security is the vital and important subject in international relations. Theories of international relations provide different view about the state of creating secure condition or emergence of insecurity. Therefore, the question of security is the preoccupation of most theorists in this field. The question raised by the present article is "What homogeneities and heterogeneity exist between postmodernism and neorealism in security field?" The underlying hypothesis is that regarding the positivist and post positivist approaches of the two, neorealism and post modernism show different views about security. The paper by using comparative approach deals with the issue of security from neorealist and post-modernist viewpoints to show their similarities and differences. The finding of the study shows that neorealism has strengthened the position of super-government in the field of security. However the common basis of all postmodern beliefs is that, the state is not the main and exclusive actor in the established positivist approach. Manuscript profile
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        487 - The Obstacles and Factors Impeding the Expansion of Relations between Azerbaijan Republic and Israel
        ELAHEH KOOLAEE Behnaz Asadi kia SARA RAVA
        Abstract: Azerbaijan Republic as a member of Islamic Cooperation Organization (OIC) established relations with Israel soon after independence. Despite several protest and some internal and regional opposition the political, security, military and economic relations exp More
        Abstract: Azerbaijan Republic as a member of Islamic Cooperation Organization (OIC) established relations with Israel soon after independence. Despite several protest and some internal and regional opposition the political, security, military and economic relations expanded. The present paper studies the internal, regional and international factors that brought the two countries close to each other and have led to close cooperation between the two with different historical, geographical and religious background. It is a worthwhile example of developed politico-economic and technological relations. The main question raised by the paper is “what are the objectives, motivation and foreign policy priorities that encouraged Baku and Tel Aviv to expand their relations to this level?” Taking into consideration the non-existence of Azerbaijan Republic Embassy in Tel Aviv what are the obstacles on the way of expansion of relations of the two. The methodology in the paper is descriptive-analytical.    Manuscript profile
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        488 - China’s Energy Security in the Direction of One Belt – One Road Initiative
        Hadi Ajilit mahdi salami mehrdad fallahi
        Abstract: The "One Belt-One Road" initiative was introduced by Chinese president Shi Jingping in September 2013. This plan consists of two parts: One New Silk Road and the second Sea Silk Route. China by introducing this plan is pursuing ambitious goals. These goals inc More
        Abstract: The "One Belt-One Road" initiative was introduced by Chinese president Shi Jingping in September 2013. This plan consists of two parts: One New Silk Road and the second Sea Silk Route. China by introducing this plan is pursuing ambitious goals. These goals include economic growth, ensuring energy security, expansion of the sphere of influence, access to world markets and building cost effective transportation and transit routes. This project seeks to facilitate the transfer of energy and commodities to China and from China to other parts of the world within a short span of time. The sea route consists of two directions: First a route from the coasts of China through the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean to Europe and the second from the shores of China to the South Pacific Ocean. The question raised by the paper is "How the above said project will be effective and useful for China's energy security?" The underlying hypothesis is that China intends to implement this plan with the objective of establishing friendly relations with oil rich countries, creating different land and sea routes and diversifying its source of supply of energy and in this way ensures its energy security. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile
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        489 - Cross-Border Gas Pipelines and Energy Security of Islamic Republic Of Iran
        Hojjat Salimi
        Abstract: Nowadays   the security of energy is one of the most important dimensions of national security and focus of attention of all states. Iran for the reason of having rich natural gas resources and special geopolitical location has great potential in int More
        Abstract: Nowadays   the security of energy is one of the most important dimensions of national security and focus of attention of all states. Iran for the reason of having rich natural gas resources and special geopolitical location has great potential in international gas trade through pipeline. The purpose of the present paper is to explain the challenges that Iran is facing for providing security of energy through cross border pipelines. The basic point is what are the most important challenges which Iran is facing in natural gas trade through cross border pipelines and what are the solution for managing these challenges? The descriptive-analytical examination of the issue shows that Iran is facing challenges in three sectors. These challenges are the security of supply, demand and transit, but the most important among these three is the security of demand. In the direction of maintaining demand and diversification of it, the suitable solution is the increase in attraction of foreign investment and transfer of technical know-how, readiness to increase supply in emergency situation when the demand suddenly increases and subsiding the international disputes in supply of natural gas. Manuscript profile
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        490 - The Change of the Japan’s Concept of National Role and Foreign Policy Principles: From a Peaceful State to a Peacekeeping State
        Mohammad sadegh babakan Majid Takht-Ravanchi
        Abstract: From the Beginning of the 21st century, Japan is passing through a transition period, a period in which it tries to achieve a new concept of national role. The present article believes that as a consequence of international pressure, changes in domestic leade More
        Abstract: From the Beginning of the 21st century, Japan is passing through a transition period, a period in which it tries to achieve a new concept of national role. The present article believes that as a consequence of international pressure, changes in domestic leadership and social norms and an increasing aspiration for honor in international relations, Japan has been changing its foreign policy measures and its national role conception. The change in Japanese foreign policy demonstrates itself implicitly in Japan’s international peacekeeping acts and the appending new legislation “imposing effective limitations on its armed forces”. The purpose of the present study is to find a concept of the national role that best describes the goals and principles of Japanese foreign policy. The fundamental question of the article would be: what is the main reason of the change in Japan’s foreign policy principles? The underlying hypothesis is that pursuing the path of dependency has been the main factor for the change of Japan's foreign policy and the pressure emanating from dependency has directed Japan towards cosmopolitan path. The finding of the study shows Japan is now facing an uncertainty in its foreign policy and it has to choose between continuing inward looking foreign policy along with high dependency on the United States or internationalist principles as a peacekeeping state with normal defense policies. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical based on library sources. Manuscript profile
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        491 - A Theoretical Framework for Analyzing the Behavior of ISIS
        bahador aminian seyed hesam aldin zamani
        Abstract ISIS group as a new demonstration of extremist fundamentalism has committed numerous crimes in Iraq, Syria and other countries under the pretext of reviving Islamic Caliphate. The ISIS as an effective actor in international relations and has played an increasi More
        Abstract ISIS group as a new demonstration of extremist fundamentalism has committed numerous crimes in Iraq, Syria and other countries under the pretext of reviving Islamic Caliphate. The ISIS as an effective actor in international relations and has played an increasing role in current international arena. Therefore, the question is whether various international theories can explain the motives, objectives, method and behavior of this terrorist group? The finding of the study shows that the behavior of extremist religious group are not based on a logical or rationality model, therefore, it is not easy to understand, control or manage them. On the other hand their behavioral rules are not in accordance with most basic assumption of international relations theories. Thus none of the mainstream and midstream theories can comprehensively analyze their behavior. Nevertheless, concepts from constructivist analytical framework with a view to sociological, normative, identity and cultural factors with emphasis on the role of discourses can provide a better ground for analyzing the identity-ideological groups. The present article by taking the help of factors that strengthen the collective identity shows that historical humiliation, disillusionment and fear of discontinuity of their identity, hostile surrounding community and operating material atmosphere have led to extremely violent behavior by ISIS group. Manuscript profile
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        492 - A Study of the Effective Geopolitical factors of Iraq and their Impact on National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Sayed Mostafa hashemi abdolreza farajirad rahim sarvar
        Abstract Geopolitical sphere of Iraq has integrative and disintegrative forces which act under certain circumstances. These forces are continuously in competition with each other. Iraq has undergone great upheavals in recent years and these developments have led to chan More
        Abstract Geopolitical sphere of Iraq has integrative and disintegrative forces which act under certain circumstances. These forces are continuously in competition with each other. Iraq has undergone great upheavals in recent years and these developments have led to change in power structure and identity. As a result there has been change in geopolitics and change in the approach of actors and regional players. Ethnic and religious groups, hydro politics, national identity and Arab identity, oil resources and the huge revenue coming from them and access to Persian Gulf have deep impact on Iraq developments. These factors have led to adoption of different geopolitical strategy. Depending on the conditions of Iraq, the type and the composition of government in power, Iran's national security will be affected and Iraq can becomes an enemy, strategic rival, strategic partner. The present article by examining political geography, interior space, history and geopolitical factors of Iraq, using a descriptive-analytical method deals with set of spatial, political and security compulsions. Manuscript profile
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        493 - Reopening of the Naval Base of Britain in Bahrain: The Grounds and the Necessity
        ali bagheri dolatabadi jaseb nikfar mehdi mohammadi
        Abstract: In late 2014 Britain reopened its naval military base in Bahrain after 43 years. The return of Britain coincided with turbulent situation in the Middle East. Developments like movement for democracy, rise of extremist Islamic groups, war and rivalry between r More
        Abstract: In late 2014 Britain reopened its naval military base in Bahrain after 43 years. The return of Britain coincided with turbulent situation in the Middle East. Developments like movement for democracy, rise of extremist Islamic groups, war and rivalry between regional powers caused the return of Britain to the region. The question raised here is “what factors lead to the return of Britain and its presence in Bahrain?” The hypothesis is that different factors have played role taking this decision but most important factor has been security concern of Britain and Bahrain in recent years. The finding of the study shows that factors like the rise of ISIS, preventing the balance of power in favor of Shiites, oil, support of allies, the geostrategic and geopolitics of Bahrain, ensuring the political, military security in Bahrain and on the whole changing the political and economic situation in the region in favor of Britain, been among the factors which led to the reopening of naval military base in Bahrain. The theoretical framework used for the paper is descriptive-analytical by using library and internet sources. Manuscript profile
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        494 - Syrian Crisis and Iran's National Security
        حسین ربیعی جعفر نقدی سجاد نجفی
        Abstract: The Syrian crisis is one of the most important event that has influenced Iran’s foreign policy and also national security in a way that the situation in Syria has become a zero sum game for Iran. Any development in the political structure of Syria can af More
        Abstract: The Syrian crisis is one of the most important event that has influenced Iran’s foreign policy and also national security in a way that the situation in Syria has become a zero sum game for Iran. Any development in the political structure of Syria can affect the security of Iran. For years Syria has been the gateway for Iran’s presence in the Arab world. The weakening and fall of the position of President Bashar Assad would undermine Iran’s influence in the Arab world. Taking into consideration the above situation, the present article pursues the following objectives: 1. Explaining the strategic importance of Syria for Iran, 2. Explaining the impact of Syrian crisis on national security of Iran in different areas, 3. Explaining Iran’s competition with regional and extra- regional powers in Syria, 4. Explaining the security strategy of Iran vis-à-vis the Syrian crisis. The paper also examines this hypothesis that the national security of Iran will decline with the continuation of Syrian crisis by the threats of regional and extra-regional powers. The paper makes use of the theory of balance of threat to evaluate the hypothesis which can explain the threats to Iran in Syria. The methodology used in the paper is historical, descriptive and analytical. The finding of the study shows that the continuation of Syrian crisis has led to change of balance of threat against Iran and that is why Iran intervened to balance the situation. Therefore Iran’s strategy for ending the crisis in Syria is full-fledged support for Bashar Assad’s regime. Manuscript profile
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        495 - The Energy Security Policy of the United States and Geopolitics of Iran’s Energy
        عنایت اله یزدانی بهمن ربیعی نیا حسین مهدیان
        Abstract: The energy relations of Iran and the United States are having a different pattern comparing to energy relations of Iran with other energy consumers of the world. Iran is the second largest country with hydrocarbon reserves and the United States is the biggest More
        Abstract: The energy relations of Iran and the United States are having a different pattern comparing to energy relations of Iran with other energy consumers of the world. Iran is the second largest country with hydrocarbon reserves and the United States is the biggest consumer of energy in the world. The energy relations of both the countries are related to the existing political problems between them and are based on confrontation. At present the most important determinant affecting the energy relation of Iran is political obligations. The strategic place of energy security for national security of both Iran and the United States and Iran’s high vulnerability about the energy relations and an economy mainly based on the sale of oil and the  existing political hostility between the two have caused more sensitivity towards each other’s policies. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method wants to examine and analyze the impact of energy policy of the United States on geopolitics of energy of Iran in the contexts of energy sanctions (sale, foreign investment and energy pipelines) and the increase of world production. The place of both the countries in geopolitical structure of world shows this fact that in most cases the actions of the United States is in the direction of limiting the geopolitical place of Iran and Iran’s reaction to the above said policies is to neutralize or reduce the impact of the policies of the United States. Manuscript profile
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        496 - Post-structuralism, Power and Crisis in International Relations' Theories: A Case Study of Human Security Concept
        حجت داوند Mohammad Davand
        Abstract: Nowadays the macro theories of international relations do not properly address the new problems aroused in world politics like ecological problems, hunger and migration. This has led to the formation of trends in international relations which their structure a More
        Abstract: Nowadays the macro theories of international relations do not properly address the new problems aroused in world politics like ecological problems, hunger and migration. This has led to the formation of trends in international relations which their structure and pattern do not conform to real world and scientific criteria. One of these trends is the concept of “human security”. The theorists of this concept do not have a consensus on its principles and the structure of human security. They consider the developing countries as a source of threat against human security without producing enough scientific evidences. Now the question arises that how one can analyze the relation of power and the crisis of theorizing in international relations? By examining the basis of postmodern paradigm regarding human security and the power-knowledge relation it becomes clear that the important role of industrialized nations and capitalist system are neglected. Therefore, their explanation of the concept of human security does not conform to scientific criteria and thus cannot help theorizing this concept in international relations properly.    Manuscript profile
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        497 - The Role of Identity in Saudi Arabia's Foreign Policy
        sedighe zare zahmatkesh ghasem toraby
        It has long been argued that the controversy of identity is one of the main sources of crisis in the Middle East and international politics. That is, the existence of differences in the identity of the countries causes tension between them, while the convergence and sim More
        It has long been argued that the controversy of identity is one of the main sources of crisis in the Middle East and international politics. That is, the existence of differences in the identity of the countries causes tension between them, while the convergence and similarity can lead to cooperation. Nevertheless, empirical evidence from the Middle East has long defied this hypothesis. The present study seeks to answer the question why does Saudi Arabia, who claims to be the leader of the Islamic world, has repeatedly opposed the rise of Islamist movements in the Middle East? The research hypothesis implies that, In the case of Saudi foreign policy, similarity became particularly threatening as the distinctiveness of the Saudi identity was challenged and identity similarity is as a source of conflict. To address this paradox, this article builds on the growing literature on ontological security to explaining how similarity can generate Tension, insecurity and identity risks. The article follows with a comparison of Saudi identity risks in the wake of the Iranian revolution (1979) and the ascendance of the Muslim Brotherhood to power in Egypt (2012). Manuscript profile
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        498 - A Comparative Study of the Impact of Developments of Syria and Iraq on Regional Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey
        mohammadjavad fathi elham rasooli milad khosravinezhad
        Abstract: Nowadays regionalism is one of the requirements of active foreign policy. Keeping eyes on the developments in the peripheral region and their specific interest there guides the government to pursue suitable regional policies. Countries try to use their region More
        Abstract: Nowadays regionalism is one of the requirements of active foreign policy. Keeping eyes on the developments in the peripheral region and their specific interest there guides the government to pursue suitable regional policies. Countries try to use their regional role and available opportunities to further their international position. Iran and Turkey as two regional powers and having important place among the Middle East countries are seeking to increase their regional role. The development which started from 2011 in Syria and later in 2013 in Iraq had great impact on regional policies of Iran and Turkey. The question raised by the present article is “what has been the impact of Syria and Iraq on regional policy of Iran and Turkey?” the hypothesis is “ the regional development in the said period have provided common opportunities and challenges for both the country and have strengthen the geopolitical look of Iran and Turkey”. The article has used Copenhagen framework named regional security suite theory and has categorized the opportunities and challenges in three determinants; namely mutual security interdependence, pattern of friendship and enmity and cultural and race affinities. The finding of the study shows that political, ideological and economic opportunities and security, economic challenges have strengthened the regional policy of Iran and Turkey after the said regional developments. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical Manuscript profile
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        499 - The Impact of Oil Dependent Political Economy on Iran’s National Security
        Seyed Shamseddin Sadeghi Masoud Akhavankazemi Vahid Zarafshan
        Abstract In the decentralized international system and the non-existence of central authority, the first objective and priority of states is safeguarding national security and preservation of their interests. Since olden times preservation of durable national security More
        Abstract In the decentralized international system and the non-existence of central authority, the first objective and priority of states is safeguarding national security and preservation of their interests. Since olden times preservation of durable national security was conditioned to preparedness in three fields: 1.Military preparedness 2.Political strength. 3. Economic strength. By the end of Cold War the economic determinant of national security found greater importance. During post-Cold War era, national security of the oil exporting countries depends on boom and flourishing of oil industry. In fact security is having five dimensions viz. military, economic, political, cultural and ecological. The present article addresses economic dimension of national security because achieving national security depends on improvement of economic conditions and the outcome of all security indexes depends on accomplishment of economic security. The obvious fact that the oil factor which Iran depends on its revenue for the past hundred years is interwoven greatly with Iran’s national security shows the importance of oil revenue. Also the economic growth of Iran and the bulk of investment in national projects depend on foreign exchange revenue coming from oil export. Any fluctuation in oil revenue will jeopardize the economic security of Iran particularly that in recent decade international sanctions has badly affected the flow of oil revenue. Manuscript profile
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        500 - Analysis of Relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia on the Basis of Motivational Realism (2005-2015)
        Hadi Sadeghi Asl جعفر نقدی عشرت آباد امیرهوشنگ میرکوشش
        Abstract After the victory of Islamic revolution in Iran the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional powers moved in a conflicting direction. There are several reasons for this trend. Reasons like Iran's competition with Saudi Arabia for leadership of I More
        Abstract After the victory of Islamic revolution in Iran the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional powers moved in a conflicting direction. There are several reasons for this trend. Reasons like Iran's competition with Saudi Arabia for leadership of Islamic world, leadership of Shiites versus leadership of Wahhabi and Saudi's cooperation with West versus Iran's anti-West stands but there has been change and fluctuation in these policies due to change of governments in Iran. The present paper wants to examine the relations between the two countries from a different perspective and distinct from the existing international relations theories and is called motivational realism. The paper examines the relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran from the time of coming into power of Ahmadinejad till now and studies the relations between the two countries in these two periods by a comparative method. The paper wants to know that despite considerable differences between the foreign policies of Ahmadinejad and Rouhani government what has been the Saudi Arabia's reaction to moderate foreign policy of Rouhani? What has been the impact of moderate foreign policy orientation of Rouhani on regional policies of Iran and Saudi Arabia? Manuscript profile
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        501 - China Silk Road Initiative, Goals and Obstacles
        ghasem torabi raziyeh sanei
        The purpose of this paper is to analyze the various dimensions of the Silk Road Initiative and to reveal its objectives, opportunities and barriers. In this regard, the main question of the paper is that the Silk Road Initiative was designed as the most important China More
        The purpose of this paper is to analyze the various dimensions of the Silk Road Initiative and to reveal its objectives, opportunities and barriers. In this regard, the main question of the paper is that the Silk Road Initiative was designed as the most important China strategy in the 21st Century to achieve its goals. It should be noted that the Silk Road is the largest initiative ever announced by a country in the world. This initiative covers sixty-five different countries in the world and costs about $ 4 trillion in 900 different projects. In addition, the plan has dimensions, objectives, and economic, political and security objectives. In this regard, in response to the above question, the hypothesis of the article is that the ultimate goal of China is to operate the Silk Road initiative to provide the economic, political and security contexts necessary for becoming a regional and global hegemony. However, it seems that the plan faces serious barriers and challenges, and ultimately China goals will not be maximized. The present article intends to discuss the question and hypothesis along with the goals, opportunities and obstacle of the project in three sections and in a descriptive-analytical way. Manuscript profile
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        502 - The effect of Western media propaganda on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran through identity crisis
        masoud kaveh yusof khanmohammadi
        10.30495/pir.2019.668892
        The effect of Western media propaganda on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran through identity crisisIn this study, the impact of Western media propaganda on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran through identity crisis is investigated More
        The effect of Western media propaganda on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran through identity crisisIn this study, the impact of Western media propaganda on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran through identity crisis is investigated and emphasis is placed on the temporal realm of 2009-2017.The research method was qualitative and the data collection method was library and data analysis was done by descriptive-analytic method.The main question of the research is how the impact of foreign media on Iran's national security during 2009-2017?To this question, the hypothesis was designed that the foreign media had exposed national security to targeting popular values ​​and beliefs as the most important components of identity.The findings of the study suggest that the Western media is causing an identity crisis by instilling values ​​contrary to Islamic and revolutionary values At the individual, social and power levels, it has threatened Iran's national security. Manuscript profile
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        503 - State Crisis in Libya and Security of the Europe
        Rashid Recabian Mahdi Mohammad Nia mehrdad alepour
        10.30495/pir.2019.667206
        Since the fall of Qaddafi, no government has ever able to establish a unified sovereignty in Libya. So today, Libya has two independent states: the National Unity Government which is being supported by the United Nations and the interim government formed by the parliame More
        Since the fall of Qaddafi, no government has ever able to establish a unified sovereignty in Libya. So today, Libya has two independent states: the National Unity Government which is being supported by the United Nations and the interim government formed by the parliament of Tobruk, a supporter of the general, Khalifa Haftar in al-Bayda. In the post-Gaddafi era, it was hoped that the new government could lead Libya toward democracy, but, due to the division of sovereignty and political conflict between the seekers of power, a crisis of authority and insecurities caused by violent tribal activists and Salafists led the post-authoritarian state turned out to be regarded as a failed state. With the intensification of conflicts between various political groups, including Haftar and the National Unity Government in Tripoli, the possibility of state-building in this country has been confused. The main question is that "How does the government's crisis in Libya's new political conditions affect the security of European countries?" The hypothesis of the article is that "the expansion of civil war and chaos during post-Gaddafi era has led Libya, as a failed state, to be a base for the migration of terrorist groups and human trafficking into Europe". Manuscript profile
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        504 - Bioterrorism, Death Politics and National Security
        Ali Akbar Jafari
        10.30495/pir.2020.679938
        As an anti-security behavior, bioterrorism is a by-product of globalization threatening the human-being societies, governmental structures and international security. prioritizing the death politics and the discourse of hatred and fear as foundation of bioterrorist beha More
        As an anti-security behavior, bioterrorism is a by-product of globalization threatening the human-being societies, governmental structures and international security. prioritizing the death politics and the discourse of hatred and fear as foundation of bioterrorist behavior led to transition from information to terrorism era in the 21st century. So, the nexus between power- knowledge thanks to the development of biological literatures and technologies turned to bidimensional issue functioning both for medical and political affairs. Such a dialectical professions waxing with the growth of techno-financial, logistic-organizational resources. Thus, the main question of the current paper is to analyze the relation between bioterrorism and security. By focusing on the negative relation between security and bioterrorism, the tentative hypothesis perceives the increasing of one is tantamount to decreasing of the other. So, thoroughly totalizing the institutional chain of medical politics and understanding politics as medicalization is the main suggestion of the current research in which securitization of healthy and medicalization of security will not only increase the societal security but also leading to proliferation of healthy social forces in the international politics. Finally, by employing the analytical method and functioning the conflict management and responsibility to protect, this paper will test the proposed hypothesis. Manuscript profile
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        505 - (Impact of Security Dilemma on Rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia)
        ebrahim eram amin ravanbod
        10.30495/pir.2020.679936
        Authors of this research have tried to understand the role of security dilemma in the context of Iran-Saudi Arabia Rivalry. The main question is that how security dilemma has impacted the rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia. The main hypothesis is that the severity of More
        Authors of this research have tried to understand the role of security dilemma in the context of Iran-Saudi Arabia Rivalry. The main question is that how security dilemma has impacted the rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia. The main hypothesis is that the severity of security dilemma has exacerbated the rivalry and tension between Iran and Saudi Arabia. It is tried to define an explanatory status of security dilemma and its level of impact on this rivalry in the pre- and post-Islamic Revolution era. The research method of this paper is descriptive-analytical with emphasis on theoretical analysis. This research, based on rational theory of international relations, finds that security dilemma between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the post-Islamic Revolution era is much more severe than pre-Islamic Revolution but the moderate level of security dilemma between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the pre-Islamic Revolution had a determining impact on lack of deep and serious cooperation between the two countries. The severe level of security dilemma between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the post-Islamic Revolution era has had a facilitating impact on rivalry between the two countries. Manuscript profile
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        506 - A Comparative Assessment of US National Security Policy under Barack Obama and Donald Trump in Southwest Asia .
        Hassan Esfandiairi ebrahim mottaghi
        10.30495/pir.2021.686842
        Obama believed that the mere and superficial pursuit of American interests in the past and the lack of attention to the internal situation of the countries in this region has led to popular dissatisfaction in these countries; This is a potential threat to US long-term g More
        Obama believed that the mere and superficial pursuit of American interests in the past and the lack of attention to the internal situation of the countries in this region has led to popular dissatisfaction in these countries; This is a potential threat to US long-term goals in the region. comes. Assessing US national security policy and the pattern of US strategic action will also require recognizing the perceptual differences of presidents. Comparative US security policy requires recognition of the national security document, the four-year defense document, State Department documents, and analytical formats published in the field of US security policy. In addition to the Presidential National Security Document, which is published in turn, there are various indications of the security models and processes available to the State Department, the Department of Defense, and strategic agencies. The US Department of Defense has been publishing the US defense strategy for four years. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparisons of US national security policy during the time of Barack Obama and Donald Trump in Southwest Asia. The research method was qualitative. Manuscript profile
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        507 - Opportunities, Threats and Solutions Facing the Energy Diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran on Regional Political Economy (2003-2019)
        Reza Shahnazi zadeh Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Hassan Khodaverdi Mohammadreza Dehshiri
        10.30495/pir.2020.675104
        Energy and its importance and role in diplomacy are invisible. According to the main issue of this article, Iran's relations with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, as a case in point, look at the role of diplomacy in securing energy in the context of regional p More
        Energy and its importance and role in diplomacy are invisible. According to the main issue of this article, Iran's relations with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, as a case in point, look at the role of diplomacy in securing energy in the context of regional political economy. "What is energy diplomacy in the context of a regional political economy with a focus on threats and opportunities?" Accordingly, the paper hypothesizes that "the implications of Iran's security-building relationship with Saudi Arabia and the UAE on energy diplomacy in the Middle East set the stage for unbalanced trends in the volume of confrontation and widespread threats to interactive situations and limited opportunities."The field of energy diplomacy has been in the context of regional political economy, which in the face of sanctions and economic pressure has led the Islamic Republic of Iran to use strategies such as purity and swap to circumvent sanctions.The paper's findings also show that Iran's relations with the Middle East, as well as traces of interaction between 2003 and 2019, are often based on a confrontation between the two sides. In this paper, descriptive-analytical method has been used by referring to the first category of library resources. Manuscript profile
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        508 - Trump's Middle East policy and the re-creation of Israel's regional policy
        azadeh olfati fereshteh bahramipoor
        10.30495/pir.2020.680010
        Trump's Middle East policy and the re-creation of Israel's regional policyAbstractPreserving the existence and security of Israel as a strategic ally of the United States in the Middle East has long been one of the main commitments of US presidents (both Republicans and More
        Trump's Middle East policy and the re-creation of Israel's regional policyAbstractPreserving the existence and security of Israel as a strategic ally of the United States in the Middle East has long been one of the main commitments of US presidents (both Republicans and Democrats). Has made an impact.The main question of the present study is what effect has Trump's Middle East policy had on Israel's regional policy?The hypothesis underlying the descriptive-analytical approach in the context of the Copenhagen Regional Security Theory is that the US Middle East policy in the Trump administration has made Israel's regional policy more aggressive. Finally, the study concludes that Trump's Middle East policy of emphasizing radical support for Israel has made Israel's regional policy more aggressive than that of Iran, Syria, and Palestine, resulting in further tensions in the region.Keywords: Trump, Middle East, Regional Security Collection, IsraelKeywords: Trump, Middle East, Regional Security Collection, Israe Manuscript profile
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        509 - The Study of expanding technological and knowledge-based activities on fortifying the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran (with emphasising on water and agricultural inputs )
        Ali Ansari mohammad ali basiri payam najafi
        10.30495/pir.2021.686432
        The issue of agriculture in Iran, especially in recent years, has been linked to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran under the influence of issues such as international sanctions, successive droughts, transgenics, mismanagement and the like.This study More
        The issue of agriculture in Iran, especially in recent years, has been linked to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran under the influence of issues such as international sanctions, successive droughts, transgenics, mismanagement and the like.This study examines national security based on the theories of the Copenhagen School and the theory of resistance economics. The research method is a cross-sectional survey method with two purposes of description and explanation. The study population is the managers and experts of knowledge-based and technology companies in the field. The sample size was selected according to Cochran's formula of 384 people. The measurement tools in this research included a researcher-made questionnaire to measure the formation of research variables.The results of the hypotheses showed that eliminating the security consequences of the water crisis in Iran by relying on the expansion of technological and knowledge-based activities will improve the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Also, self-sufficiency in agriculture and increasing the coefficient of food security by relying on the expansion of technological and knowledge-based activities will improve the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile
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        510 - Citizenship rights, Citizen Security and Combating Terrorism in Europe
        mohammad nassirzadeh نصیرزاده Farideh Mohammad Alipour
        10.30495/pir.2022.1956341.3486
        Citizenship rights are a combination of duties and responsibilities of society members towards one another, society and state. In cases such as threats to national security, governments may serve these threats as a ground for restrictions on these rights. In enforcing t More
        Citizenship rights are a combination of duties and responsibilities of society members towards one another, society and state. In cases such as threats to national security, governments may serve these threats as a ground for restrictions on these rights. In enforcing this restriction States must adhere to legislative principles such as proportionality and non-discrimination. After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the European countries have tried to restrict civil rights. The main question is how fighting terrorism has affected Citizenship rights in Europe? Using the explanatory method and with the aim of enriching the research literature on the current situation of civil rights in the light of the anti-terrorist policies of European countries, the results of the study show that in the State of Exception, the provision of security through preventive use of criminal justice in reality, results in ignoring many of the fundamental rights and freedom of individuals and minority groupsIncluding Muslims. Manuscript profile
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        511 - Autopsy of Afghanistan's Political-Security Crisis from Occupation to Insecurity (2021)And its impact on the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        rashid rekabian
        10.30495/pir.2022.1964773.3541
        Affected by the recent developments in Afghanistan, which led to the fall of Ashraf Ghani's government, the Afghan people and their military forces saw the government occupy the Taliban without any resistance, and other conditions of insecurity prevailed for the country More
        Affected by the recent developments in Afghanistan, which led to the fall of Ashraf Ghani's government, the Afghan people and their military forces saw the government occupy the Taliban without any resistance, and other conditions of insecurity prevailed for the country. In this country, he added, and at present, the country is living without government and in insecurity conflicts. What are the factors affecting the new political life of Afghanistan and what is its impact on the Islamic Republic of Iran?The hypothesis that can be put forward as a research finding is that the accumulation of barriers and factors in state-building has led to today's Afghanistan as a disintegrated, fragmented and divergent society, which is in the degenerative spiral of conflict, insecurity and poverty from modernity to poverty. Become the Taliban and ISIS; Relying on the element of religion and with the aim of gaining political power, the groups have not only been institutionalized within the framework of preventing the establishment of any democracy, but have also targeted the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the region and even the international system. Manuscript profile
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        512 - Regional relations between Iran and Turkey after the developments in Syria (2010-2017)
        Alireza Golchinpoor Mahnaz Goodarzi
        10.30495/pir.2022.1965704.3547
        Iran and Turkey have a unique geopolitical and geostrategic position in the region. The Syrian crisis affected the regional equations and the relations of the countries of the region, including Iran and Turkey. The developments in Syria affected and changed the framewor More
        Iran and Turkey have a unique geopolitical and geostrategic position in the region. The Syrian crisis affected the regional equations and the relations of the countries of the region, including Iran and Turkey. The developments in Syria affected and changed the framework of relations between Iran and Turkey as a regional power. Therefore, the main question is raised, what effect have the developments in Syria had on the regional relations between Iran and Turkey in order to become a regional power? In this article, it is tried to investigate and analyze the dimensions of the above issue and question in the framework of regional power balance theory and using descriptive-analytical methods. The findings of the current research show that the developments in the Arab world, especially the developments in Syria, have intensified the regional competition between Iran and Turkey, in the form of the formation of regional and trans-regional alliances and alliances with the environment of Iran and Syria, Syria and Russia, which in one On the other side of Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Salafi groups were located. Also, Turkey's inability in this direction led to the promotion of Iran's regional position and the modification of Turkey's regional policy. Manuscript profile
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        513 - Security strategies of the United States of America regarding China and its impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2001-2021)
        hossein mozneb Mohammadreza Ghaedi reza simber
        10.30495/pir.2023.1975798.3588
        The impact of American national security strategies on other countries has always been the focus of international relations researchers. Some theorists believe that the all-round growth of China in the last twenty years has threatened the interests of many countries, es More
        The impact of American national security strategies on other countries has always been the focus of international relations researchers. Some theorists believe that the all-round growth of China in the last twenty years has threatened the interests of many countries, especially the United States. This research seeks to answer the question, what effect has the security strategy of the United States of America regarding China had on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2001-2021)? In response to the proposed hypothesis that "according to the strategic security threats of the United States against China, this country has been looking for new alliances between important regional players, which has led to a strategic alliance between China and Iran". After examining the sources of the first category (economic and security strategies) with a descriptive-analytical method, the results showed: the national security strategy of the United States of America, from 2001 to 2021, has always mentioned China and Iran as an international threat, to The way that China's role is more pronounced and Iran's role in the next stages are in these strategies. According to Stephen Walt, when two or more states face an imminent common threat,... Manuscript profile
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        514 - Syunik province place in the security equations of peripheral countries
        Geghard Mansourian Bashir Esmaeili Gonharani Masoud Jafarinezhad
        10.30495/pir.2023.1930097.3613
        پس از جنگ 44 روزه سال 2020 و تصرف مناطقی از قراباغ توسط جمهوری آذربایجان با پشتیبانی مستقیم رژیم صهیونیستی و ترکیه، توازن قوا میان دو جمهوری ارمنستان و آذربایجان مختل گردیدو تهدید امنیتی مهمی را برای کشورهای پیرامونی به همراه داشته است.جمهوری آذربایجان به دنبال ایجاد را More
        پس از جنگ 44 روزه سال 2020 و تصرف مناطقی از قراباغ توسط جمهوری آذربایجان با پشتیبانی مستقیم رژیم صهیونیستی و ترکیه، توازن قوا میان دو جمهوری ارمنستان و آذربایجان مختل گردیدو تهدید امنیتی مهمی را برای کشورهای پیرامونی به همراه داشته است.جمهوری آذربایجان به دنبال ایجاد راه ارتباطی با جمهوری خود مختار نخجوان از سرزمین ارمنستان در استان سیونیک می باشد،در صورت تحقق این خواسته ترکیه به صورت زمینی به قفقاز جنوبی راه می یابد و کشور های ترک زبان تا استان سین کیانگ چین ارتباط زمینی پیدا می کنند. مواجهه با بسط رادیکالیسم برخاسته از پان ترکیسم، تهدید امنیتی علیه مرز تاریخی ارمنستان و ایران، حضور ناتو در منطقه قفقاز جنوبی و دریای خزر از مصادیق جدید تهدیدات علیه کشورهای پیرامونی ارمنستان می باشد . پرسش اصلی عبارت است از این که استان سیونیک ارمنستان چه جایگاهی در معادلات امنیتی کشورهای پیرامونی دارد؟ فرضیه تحقیق بر این پایه است که اهمیت ژئوپولیتیک و موقعیت استراتژیک استان سیونیک ارمنستان به خاطر ایجاد مانع جغرافیایی در اشاعه پان ترکیسم در منطقه و بسط ناتو به منطقه قفقاز جنوبی و دریای خزر می باشد. روش تحقیق در این مقاله توصیفی تحلیلی است. Manuscript profile
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        515 - The effect of virtual social networks on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran (a case study: Telegram channel of Amadanews)
        Sayyed Saeid Safavi Ahmad Bakhshayesh Ardestani akbar ashrafi Mohammad tohidfam
        10.30495/pir.2024.2000680.3690
        Social networks, for various reasons, greatly affect the internal dimension of national security.This research seeks to know the impact of one of these networks, that is, Amadyaoz, on national security, which analyzes the data obtained from field research (interviews) i More
        Social networks, for various reasons, greatly affect the internal dimension of national security.This research seeks to know the impact of one of these networks, that is, Amadyaoz, on national security, which analyzes the data obtained from field research (interviews) in the field of AmadyaozTelegramnetwork with a qualitative method.raising the question that social networks, here In a specific way,what effects has the Amadanews telegram channel had on the internal dimension of the national security of the Islamic Republic during its activity?The findings show that, in the national dimension, Amadyaoz by"directing and deviating public opinion"and"creating duality" and at the"individual level"in two dimensions by encouraging"civil disobedience"and individual departure against the system under the influence of this network's inductions.At the level of the government structure, mechanisms such as "destroying the internal and regional power of the system","creating erosion and costing the system"separation of the people, the system and the revolution" and "inducing corruption in all the elements of the system"are widely used to hit the It uses the existence of the Islamic Republic and inthis way, it challenges the national authority and by intensifying the differences and insecurity, it clearly has a negative and destructive effect on the national security in the internal dimension. Manuscript profile
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        516 - Challenges of Regional Integration in South Asia from the Perspective of Intergovernmentalism
        Hadi Narouei
        10.30495/pir.2024.1997941.3681
        The integration process in the South Asian region started with the inspiration of the European Union at the end of the 20th century. In order to make this happen and encourage integration, organizations like SAARC and BIMSTEC were founded, although these initiatives wer More
        The integration process in the South Asian region started with the inspiration of the European Union at the end of the 20th century. In order to make this happen and encourage integration, organizations like SAARC and BIMSTEC were founded, although these initiatives were not successful in practice. From 2014 onwards, due to the revival of India's First Neighborhood Policy, a positive perspective for regional integration emerged once more in the South Asian region. Despite various steps being taken and the inclusion of India as an emerging global economy in the region, true regional integration in South Asia hasn't materialized thus far. This article aims to analyze the challenges faced in achieving regional integration in South Asia. By focusing on the theory of Intergovernmentalism, the hypothesis explores how not only the differences and conflicting interests between India and Pakistan but also the differences and conflicting interests between India and the smaller countries of South Asia have hindered the convergence of the region. The study adopts a Hypothetico-deductive method and the data gathering procedure is based on library findings. The research findings indicate that security policies and individual interests of countries, including India, take precedence over economic cooperation and regional integration. Manuscript profile
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        517 - The Impacts of Technological Improvements and Regional Crises on National Missile Defence
        Ebrahim Motaghi
        America's national missile denfence is subject to technological capacities and manpower potentials of this country. The security crises can be accounted as a complement to the technological means if the international system is in a chaotic status. The investigation of A More
        America's national missile denfence is subject to technological capacities and manpower potentials of this country. The security crises can be accounted as a complement to the technological means if the international system is in a chaotic status. The investigation of America's strategic behavior based on technological components in strategic denfence domain is the major focus of this study. The concept of National Missile Defence was proposed for the first time in early s. President Ronald Regan believed in absolute restraining policy towards the USSR which provided the instruments and technology needed for confronting its strategic threats against Europe, USA, and the Western World. This approach paved the way for the development of Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI). George Schultz, America's foreign minister during , was one of the prominent pioneering features regarding this strategy. America's defence program was generated in the s when the conservative parties, gradually, consolidated their position within the American power structure and the chance for reconstruction and restitution of cold-war defence plans was created. These people believed that the military power is among those instruments that can not be disregarded in international politics. This power-centered approach affected the America's strategic perception and attitude one more time. This study emphasizes the role of conservative strategists, on the one hand, who have adjusted their denfence programs in line with international threats, and on the other hand, have expressed their pessimistic views towards Iran and regarded this country as a factor of instability in the domain of international politics. In this way, US denfence program became two-edged that stood against strategic and security targets of Iran and also played an inhibiting role against Russia's further power-seeking efforts. In this situation, the theme of missile defence was reconsidered in the America's strategic planner's agenda. The new title was National Missile Defence which represents that US strategic goals remained fixed but its addressees changed. Manuscript profile
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        518 - An Examination of the Security Implications of Iran’s Membership of Disarmament and Arms Control Treaties: the Case Study, Non-Proliferation Treaty
        Seyed Asghar Jaafari Alireza Ghasemi
        Abstract One of the ways to strengthen peace and security in national and international level is creation of agreements in disarmament and arms control. Arms control and disarmament both are important and effective instruments in security of the countries from the view More
        Abstract One of the ways to strengthen peace and security in national and international level is creation of agreements in disarmament and arms control. Arms control and disarmament both are important and effective instruments in security of the countries from the view point of process, content and regulations because on the one hand it removes the ambiguities in the military and foreign policy behavior of the governments and increases the stability and on the other hand membership in these treaties have particular security implications like the Non-Proliferation Treaty which relatively limits the sovereignty of the countries. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method wants to illustrate the security implications of the membership of Iran in disarmament and arms control treaties. Iran by joining the membership of Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1968 has accepted specific security obligations. The present article by examining security implications of Iran’s membership of Non-Proliferation Treaty has arrived at this conclusion that the above treaty besides weakening and limiting the security of Iran undermines military, scientific and industrial power also.   Manuscript profile
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        519 - The New Defense Diplomacy of United Kingdom and its Impact on Islamic Republic of Iran National Security
        Seyed Ahmad Mirzaie Kazem Gharib Abadi Mohammad Hadi Rezaien
        Abstract: According to United Kingdom’s defense ministry international defense engagement strategy document 2013, this country intends to make use of soft power potentials in field of defense diplomacy for achieving national interests and objectives. This program More
        Abstract: According to United Kingdom’s defense ministry international defense engagement strategy document 2013, this country intends to make use of soft power potentials in field of defense diplomacy for achieving national interests and objectives. This program includes the participation of defense ministry in election process, formation of legislative assemblies, forming the structure of governments and judiciary in countries where they are passing through transition to democracy. It also includes defense cooperation in cyber, cultural and educational fields. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method examines the content of this new defense diplomacy and its negative implications for Iran. The underlying hypothesis of the article is that the United Kingdom wants to strengthen its presence and influence in the Middle East particularly in security zones surrounding Iran and this strategy is a threat to Iran’s national security. The article after analyzing 2013 document and its strategies and policies has come to a conclusion that the defense strategy of the United Kingdom is a serious threat to national security of Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile
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        520 - Nuclear Proliferation: the Behaviour of Big Powers and its Impact of International Security
        Masoud Godarz Aliasghar Kazemi
        The end of the Cold War brought new challenges in regard to nuclear proliferation. The stability which was the outcome of bipolar system declined and the Soviet Union’s control and supervision on nuclear installations also disappeared. As a result the possibility More
        The end of the Cold War brought new challenges in regard to nuclear proliferation. The stability which was the outcome of bipolar system declined and the Soviet Union’s control and supervision on nuclear installations also disappeared. As a result the possibility of access of government and non-government actors to nuclear material and technology for producing nuclear arms was strengthened. The nuclear countries and at] the head of them the United States believe that the international security atmosphere and the danger of weapons of mass destruction proliferation in world and regional dimension are among the main threats to international system which its repercussion affects all the countries. For this reason creation of a strong supervisory regime for limiting the expansion and proliferation of nuclear weapon is necessary. Besides creation of a supervisory regime on nuclear non-proliferation treaty, the nuclear countries in their meeting of IAEA board of governors on December 2010 agreed on the establishment of nuclear fuel bank for supervising the nuclear fuel supply. The initiatives and executive suggestions of some of the countries and related organizations are among the efforts by nuclear powers to limit nuclear proliferation. Manuscript profile
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        521 - Israel's Energy Diplomacy: Principles and Regional Objectives
        سید امیر نیاکوئی داود کریمی پور
        Abstract The quest for increasing security has always been the main preoccupation of Israeli regime. Maintaining security is therefore, one of the most important concerns for the Zionist regime and the most important foreign policy priority. One of the ways which parti More
        Abstract The quest for increasing security has always been the main preoccupation of Israeli regime. Maintaining security is therefore, one of the most important concerns for the Zionist regime and the most important foreign policy priority. One of the ways which partially can help this country to face security threats is active energy diplomacy and Israel actively uses energy diplomacy for improving its place and removes or decreases the security threats. The present article wants to answer this question that what are the principle and objectives of Israel energy diplomacy in the region and how this country makes use of energy diplomacy to improve her security and regional place. The finding of the study shows that Israel energy diplomacy has been active in three geographical region viz. the Middle East, Eurasia and Mediterranean and in each of the three regions pursues particular objective proportionate with the situation. The common objectives in all the three regions are gaining a better political place, getting secure supply of energy by diversifying the sources, reducing security threats and gaining political legitimacy. Manuscript profile
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        522 - Explaining the Impact of Iranian Nuclear Program on Mutual Relations of Iran and European Union
        عنایت الله یزدانی Leila Morovati
        Abstract: After the victory of the Islamic revolution fundamental changes took place in foreign policy of Iran. Pursuing nuclear program was one of the sign of these developments, which created a concern in European Union and as a result led to a security challenge for More
        Abstract: After the victory of the Islamic revolution fundamental changes took place in foreign policy of Iran. Pursuing nuclear program was one of the sign of these developments, which created a concern in European Union and as a result led to a security challenge for Iran. The fear from Iran who possesses nuclear technology drove the green continent towards a coalition with the United States and some of Iran's neighbor particularly the conservative Arab governments. With the turn in European Union foreign policy towards Iran, Iran also revised its policies towards her friends and the possible foes. On this basis the present article wants to examine the opportunities and limitations of relations of Iran with the European Union under the impact of nuclear program. The basic strategy of the European Union in regard to nuclear program is preventing Iran acquiring the potential to produce nuclear arms. With this objective in view the European Union makes use of different tools like sanctions, negotiations and supporting Iran's rival. Part of this policy making of the European Union has undergone changes under the impact of Iran's relations with China, Russia and also confrontation or interaction with the United States in medium term. Manuscript profile
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        523 - Nuclear Proliferation and its Repercussions on Eurasia
        Ali Asghar Kazemi Masoud Godarzi
        After the end of the Cold War, a new situation came into existence from the viewpoint of proliferation of nuclear materials, equipment and technical know-how. Till that time the nuclear weapons were in the hands of limited powers. With the end of the Cold War the Soviet More
        After the end of the Cold War, a new situation came into existence from the viewpoint of proliferation of nuclear materials, equipment and technical know-how. Till that time the nuclear weapons were in the hands of limited powers. With the end of the Cold War the Soviet Union lost control and supervision on nuclear installations. As a result the possibility of access of governments and non-government actors to nuclear materials and technical know-how increased. The nuclear tests by India, Pakistan and North Korea created new condition from the viewpoint of proliferation in international relations. Meanwhile the countries who possessed nuclear weapons took several measures to fight nuclear proliferation but these activities were within their own interest and they want to prevent other countries to enter the iron club of nuclear powers. Within this framework of policy of limiting other countries access to nuclear weapons one can practically notice that countries like India, Pakistan, North Korea and Israel could have access to nuclear weapon. The paper wants to examine that what consequences nuclear proliferation in Asia and Europe (Russia) will be having for this region. Manuscript profile
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        524 - Geopolitical Considerations in China’s Energy Policy in Shanghai Cooperation Organization Region
        Elaheh Kolaei Mandana Tisheyar
        After China started the policy of implementing reforms in its economic structure from 1990, the economy expanded enormously and took great leap forward and the consumption of energy in different sector of the economy increased. With the increase in the need of China for More
        After China started the policy of implementing reforms in its economic structure from 1990, the economy expanded enormously and took great leap forward and the consumption of energy in different sector of the economy increased. With the increase in the need of China for energy, the question of the security of access to energy became one of the important issues of the foreign policy of this country and also in relations of China with countries in its periphery. But the expansion of China’s presence in the region is not only due to China’s dependence to the import of energy and making safe the routes of access to it. This policy of China should be regarded in a wider framework and taking into consideration its economic and political objectives. In fact the increase in the ties of China with the developing countries and the expansion of its presence in region should be interpreted in the direction of increasing its influence and position at the international level and should not be considered merely for the sake of access to energy sources. On the whole it seems that the question of supply of energy though plays an important role in shaping China’s regional and global behavior but it cannot make the foreign policy of this country dependent on this type of considerations. In present paper an attempt has been made to show that though energy is an important factor in relations of China with the countries of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, nevertheless it seems that energy is having more an instrumental role for furtherance of geopolitical interest of that country. For understanding the nature of China’s energy policy one should study in a wider perspective the multiple preferences of security policies and competition of this country with other countries in Shanghai Cooperation Organization region. Manuscript profile
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        525 - The Impact of the Thirty-three Days War on Iran's Regional Status
        Nozar Shafiee Ahmad Moradi
        The vast and all-out Isreal's invasion to Lebanon in June which lasted for thirty three days can be considered as a turning point in Arab- Isreaeli conflicts. This war which is actually the sixth war between the two nations is longer, unique, and outstanding in differen More
        The vast and all-out Isreal's invasion to Lebanon in June which lasted for thirty three days can be considered as a turning point in Arab- Isreaeli conflicts. This war which is actually the sixth war between the two nations is longer, unique, and outstanding in different dimensions when compared with other previous of Israel wars. This is due to Isreal's unattainable predetermined goals before this heavy war and within US support. It is a clear example of a very severe repetition of failure in withdrawing from South of Lebanon in . In this way, the Islamic Resistance warriors defeated the great Isreal invasion and consequently the domestic equations in Lebanon, Isreal, and the region changed, and new and fundamental developments occurred. This war has had both military and political ties impact on Iran, a country which has had close spiritual and political ties with Hezbollah. The main focus of this study is to see the effects of this thirty three- days war on Iran's regional status. The results reveal that the positive effects of this war in different dimensions have led to strengthening and promoting Iran's status in both regional and international levels. Manuscript profile
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        526 - The Political and Security Relations of Russia and the United States in Eastern Europe during Putin’s Presidency (1998-2008)
        Hamid Hadiyan Hasti Saif
        The international system after the end of the Cold War is still in transition. There is not yet an established situation in relations of the governments. The former bipolar world has given its place to a chaotic world which does not have a definite order. The Soviet Uni More
        The international system after the end of the Cold War is still in transition. There is not yet an established situation in relations of the governments. The former bipolar world has given its place to a chaotic world which does not have a definite order. The Soviet Union and the United States competed with each other during the Cold War era for nearly half a century due to bipolar power structure and nature. For this reason, the study of the relations of these two countries has attracted the attention of observers. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union and separation of several republics and formation of Russian Federation many changes took place in the relations of the two. The relations of the United States and Russia took a new shape during Vladimir Putin presidency due to presence and influence of the United States in the periphery and sphere of influence of Russia. The partnership for peace plan by NATO with Central Asian, Caucasus and former Eastern Europe countries led to sharp differences between Russia and NATO, also deployment of missile defense shield of the United States in Czech Republic and Poland have been among important issues and challenging factors in relations of the two. These measures by the United States have had Russia’s reaction in the shape of energy diplomacy and armament diplomacy. In this regard the Eastern Europe has been the hotbed of all these events. This region, therefore, devoted a high priority region in security policies of Russia and the United States within 1998-2008 periods. Manuscript profile
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        527 - Explaining the Security Strategy of the United States of America vis-à-vis Saudi Arabia in Post-Cold War Era (Text in Persian)
        Ali Adami Elaheh Pirozian
        The present article is examining the security strategy of the United States vis-à-vis the Saudi Arabia during post-cold war period، the 11 September events and the recent uprising of the Middle East region. What is famous as the alliance، friendship and cooperati More
        The present article is examining the security strategy of the United States vis-à-vis the Saudi Arabia during post-cold war period، the 11 September events and the recent uprising of the Middle East region. What is famous as the alliance، friendship and cooperation between the United States and Saudi Arabia had not been free from serious tensions. The Saudi Arabia’s expectations to receive arms and the US no support of Israel and the United States expectations about observance of human rights in Saudi Arabia and providing air base and supply of oil are among the factors that have given serious stress and strain to the cooperative and friendly relations of the two. Unlike what it appears، the cold war between the United States within the framework of combination of realism and idealism had always been problematic. From the viewpoint of both sides، these relations are a necessary alliance but they are quite fragile. The present article is trying to support this hypothesis that the security strategy of the United States vis-à-vis Saudi Arabia after September 11 events had undergone certain changes. It changed from tense cooperation into the policy of containment-suppression. But this strategy did not last long and it could not also continue. After calming down of the post 11 September emotional eruption due to the objectives and interest of the United States it changed from an aggressive position to more moderate form which existed before. Manuscript profile
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        528 - Economic and Military Take off of China and its Security Impact on Islamic Republic of Iran
        محمدعلی بصیری معصومه رشید
        Abstract Islamic Republic of Iran and China can be considered as revisionist state in current international system. Economic and commercial relations between the two have prepared the ground for close and friendly relations. In the question of nuclear program of Iran a More
        Abstract Islamic Republic of Iran and China can be considered as revisionist state in current international system. Economic and commercial relations between the two have prepared the ground for close and friendly relations. In the question of nuclear program of Iran and Syrian crisis both the countries have had similar stand. What will be the security consequences of the rise of China as a stronger power than the United States for Islamic Republic of Iran? The present article wants to examine the consequences of this event within the framework of Barry Buzan security approach. The Underlying assumption is; that after the rise of China as a stronger power than the United States the international system undergoes change and the United States no longer be able to dominate or put pressure on Iran or jeopardize Iran's security. The methodology used by the article is descriptive-analytical and collection of data is library sources.   Manuscript profile
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        529 - The Role of Iran in Security of the Energy in the Region and the World
        Elaheh Kolaei
        In spite of the numerous progresses which have taken place so far in supplying the needs of man the issue of supplying energy is having the highest priority for the countries of the world. For the big powers with world status like the United States which after the disin More
        In spite of the numerous progresses which have taken place so far in supplying the needs of man the issue of supplying energy is having the highest priority for the countries of the world. For the big powers with world status like the United States which after the disintegration of the Soviet Union is making tremendous effort to organize a hegemonic order, the security of energy supply is occupying a more important place. The emergence of economic powers that are growing and flourishing stresses the need for strategic view point about the areas where energy resources are located in the world. In these situations the Russian Federation which has succeeded the former Soviet Union with its large oil and gas resources has tried to have an active role in regional and world competitions. Presently Iran's oil and gas resources like previous decades have played as an important factor in security of energy supply. An effective presence of the United States in the Persian Gulf particularly in Iraq and also Afghanistan has added to the importance of Iran in providing the security of the energy supply in strategically important place of the world. In the present article the author examines the impact of political and security change after the end of bipolar system on the role and impact of Iran in providing security of the energy supply. Manuscript profile
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        530 - Historical Development of the Security Studies Pattern: From Traditional till Supra-modern Discourse
        Mohammad Mehdi Mazaheri Mohammad Reza Agharebparast
        After surveying the security studies one realizes that the security approaches which has existed so far were in conformity with historical developments. In each historical period the security and security studies had been different from other periods. The question which More
        After surveying the security studies one realizes that the security approaches which has existed so far were in conformity with historical developments. In each historical period the security and security studies had been different from other periods. The question which is raised here is that whether the changes which had taken place in different periods were only superficial and depended merely on the wishes and whims of the thinkers and researchers or it had been due to the changes emanating from the atmosphere of thought discourse? It seems that the discourse of each phase had its own content and this content had its impact on the security studies and research of that period. In other words in each period the atmosphere of thinking kept on changing. In traditional discourse in accordance with its content attention were focused on the principle of survival and existence. In post traditional discourse with the advances made on the military and war apparatus the military capability affected the security studies. In modern discourse in accordance with economic and technological advances, these factors affected the security studies. Finally in supra-modern studies by increase in the pace of globalization and institutional theories, playing important role in world order became a priority in security studies. Manuscript profile
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        531 - The Impact of 11 September 2001 Terrorist Attacks on Bilateral Relations of Mexico and the United States
        Hesamoddin Vaezzadeh Maryam Haghroosta Ali Asghar Ghare Daghi
        Abstract After the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks the priorities in the agenda of bilateral relations of Mexico and the United States changed and new agreements like alliance for security and economic boom for North America, intelligent border letter of understand More
        Abstract After the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks the priorities in the agenda of bilateral relations of Mexico and the United States changed and new agreements like alliance for security and economic boom for North America, intelligent border letter of understanding etc. were signed between the two countries. The present paper shows that after 11September terrorist attacks “security” became the prime and most important priority in the United States foreign policy agenda with its southern neighbor. Although for Mexican party problem like emigration and economy was having greater importance. The United States for improving its lost security brought Mexico into security pacts; practically Mexico was forced to accept security pacts. In the post 11September time the economic objectives of Mexico was not accomplished within the bilateral pacts with the United States, for this reason Mexico despite the United States pressure turned  to the Middle East countries to fulfill its economic priorities. As a result the tension emerged in diplomatic relations between the United States and Mexico. One of the sign of these tensions was manifested in the opposition of the Mexican statesmen to the United States military invasion of Iraq in 2003. The present article by an analytical method examines the above issue. Manuscript profile
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        532 - The Role of Geo-economy of Energy in Linkage of Iran and China
        Ali Adami Elham Keshvarz Moghadam
        As we know for the past three decades Iran have been trying to find ways to counter economic sanctions especially the oil sanctions by the West. Meanwhile during this period China started economic reforms and the implementation of these reforms resulted into high econom More
        As we know for the past three decades Iran have been trying to find ways to counter economic sanctions especially the oil sanctions by the West. Meanwhile during this period China started economic reforms and the implementation of these reforms resulted into high economic growth in a way that it has become the second world economic power. The emergence of China as an economic power has been a strategic breakthrough for Iran. Therefore, due to mutual need of the two sides the interaction and ties between Iran and China increases in different fields, especially in energy sector. Iran finds China as a suitable market for sale of energy, on the other hand China finds Iran as a country with vast energy sources which is not under the influence of the United States and the transit of energy from Iran is secure and in this way its energy security is ensured. China also did not have the limitation of Western sanctions and therefore invested considerably in Iranian oil sector and in this way played an important role in creation of mutual interdependence. Mutual interdependence in oil sector has created a direct linkage which is in positive interest of the two countries. Manuscript profile
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        533 - A Comparative Study of Nuclear Programme of Islamic Republic of Iran and Israel
        محمدصادق کوشکی فرشته میرحسینی
        Fereshteh Mirhosseini: Postgraduate in regional studies (Middle East), Tehran University. One of the pivotal issues in the developments of West Asia and North Africa is nuclear programme of Islamic Republic of Iran the importance which has increased to level of an inte More
        Fereshteh Mirhosseini: Postgraduate in regional studies (Middle East), Tehran University. One of the pivotal issues in the developments of West Asia and North Africa is nuclear programme of Islamic Republic of Iran the importance which has increased to level of an international problem and debate. The nuclear programme of Iran is an entirely peaceful programme within the framework of “legal capability”. On the other hand there exists Zionist regime of Israel which has the production of nuclear armament. It is worth mentioning that it is the only country in the region which possesses nuclear armaments. While Israel does not face any limitation or international pressure in regard to its nuclear programme it has put tremendous pressure on Islamic Republic of Iran peaceful nuclear programme and wants to destroy its nuclear capability. The present research tries to examine and compare the nuclear programme and activity of Islamic Republic of Iran and Zionist regime. Manuscript profile
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        534 - The Role of Islamic Republic of Iran in the Geopolitical Funnel of West Asia
        Alireza Golshani Hamid Reza Sohrabi
        Abstract The four countries of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon in the west Asia have common security concerns a part of which is about resistance against any regional common threat. Since the Islamic Republic of Iran regards the west Asia as its own security territory, i More
        Abstract The four countries of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon in the west Asia have common security concerns a part of which is about resistance against any regional common threat. Since the Islamic Republic of Iran regards the west Asia as its own security territory, it can not be indifferent to political, religious, ethnic and racial challenges and developments in this region. Therefore, the geopolitical alliance of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon in the funnel-like strategic region of west Asia would result in a powerful alliance. Based on 'regional security' theory and 'geopolitical funnel' model, using a descriptive-analytical methodology, the present study aims at investigating the role of Iran in political and security developments of the west Asia. The results indicate that the Zionist regime of Israel, Shiite-phobia by Arab states and terrorist groups in Syria, Iraq and Lebanon as well as the challenges caused by the USA are among the most important common security concerns of the member states in this region. It seems building a geopolitical alliance is the most reliable solution to these threats. In addition, Iran's power components particularly its superior geopolitical and geostrategic position in the region, its huge population, etc. would contribute to Iran's pivotal and prominent role in this region. Manuscript profile
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        535 - The Private Military and Security Firms and Humanitarian Law: The Place and Responsibility
        Leila Raisi Abdolnaeim Shahriary
        The increasing growth of private military and security firms and their presence and activities in armed conflicts scene has led to many problems especially in regard to the status of these firms and their personnel and the humanitarian laws and their responsibilities in More
        The increasing growth of private military and security firms and their presence and activities in armed conflicts scene has led to many problems especially in regard to the status of these firms and their personnel and the humanitarian laws and their responsibilities in case of breach of humanitarian laws and regulations. For determining the status of these firms and their personnel, one has to identify each case on its own and take into consideration the criteria of humanitarian international law. Whether they are considered as military personnel or the fall in the category of civilians? In regard the subject of responsibility, in case these firms breach the humanitarian rules, they will be responsible for their performances. But it also should be taken into consideration that besides these firms, the countries that are related to them and the personnel are their citizens and make use of their services and the country which these firms are active and working in their territories will also be responsible in regard to their operations. Manuscript profile
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        536 - Energy Security of China and Iran Geo-economic of Energy
        سید شمس الدین صادقی
        Abstract Theoreticians of political economy and international political economy and international relations by referring to recent trend in international political economy consider the twenty first century as the century of geo-economics. It is because they believe tha More
        Abstract Theoreticians of political economy and international political economy and international relations by referring to recent trend in international political economy consider the twenty first century as the century of geo-economics. It is because they believe that the most important global challenge in this century is competition for energy resources, particularly oil and natural gas. The problem of energy security would be the most important paradigm of political economy. Moreover, there is going to be a strong connection between the security of energy and militarism for protecting oil cargo, transit routes and commercial energy markets. The security of energy supply will be one of the important components of energy policy and competition for possessing energy sources and markets by using political, economic and military tools will become an important problem in international relations. In this context maintaining the security of energy for a country like China which has become the biggest consumer of energy is of great importance for China's energy and foreign policy. The present article tries to examine the connection between this aspect of China's energy and foreign policy and the geo-economic place of Iran.  Manuscript profile
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        537 - The Opposition of the United States of America to Nuclear Technological know-how of Iran and the Security of Israel
        Ali Akbar Jaafari Mohammad Dadpanah
        In present article an attempt has been made to study the causes of the United States opposition to nuclear technology of Islamic Republic of Iran in the light of the security of Israel. For explaining this problem, first the factors which bring traditional close ties be More
        In present article an attempt has been made to study the causes of the United States opposition to nuclear technology of Islamic Republic of Iran in the light of the security of Israel. For explaining this problem, first the factors which bring traditional close ties between the United States and Israel including common strategic interests and security threats are discussed within the framework of deterrence theory, the expansion and growth of Iran as a security threat for the two strategic alley is considered which has led to reduction of the superior place of the United States and Israel regional and global position. The finding of the study shows that preventing the acquisition of nuclear technology by Iran is the common strategic interest of both the governments. The article by an illustrative method and presenting suggestions has examined the above issue. Manuscript profile
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        538 - New Developments in the Middle East: The Intra-Structural Challenges & Security Processes in the Middle East (ME)
        Bahram Montazeri
        The middle East (ME) has witnessed the end of US hegemony. The White House, after the September has introduced Islam as the biggest challenge the West's tradition and the century's national security and the ME as a location for the armed and political Islam and hoping t More
        The middle East (ME) has witnessed the end of US hegemony. The White House, after the September has introduced Islam as the biggest challenge the West's tradition and the century's national security and the ME as a location for the armed and political Islam and hoping to overturn the independent governments unilaterally and fullfilling reforms in dependent governments to guarantee its unobjectionable domination. Today, the political stimulating powers in ME are Islamism and Militarism. The purpose of this paper is to show that in the contemioorary ME, nowadays, some distinctive features of political and strategic disputes between the two conservative and radical explicit opposition with the West's interferences in this region gronps is evident. Thus, the West headed by the US confronts any kind ideological and political resistance of Islamists and tries to scramble the security atmosphere of the region. Manuscript profile
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        539 - The Impact of Ethnic Inequality on National Security
        Jaafar HezarJeribi Nader Morovati
        By ethnic problem one means a situation where all the ethnic groups or sections of country’s ethnic group in their tendency towards nation-state and their feeling about belonging to that state have become different or against it, instead they emphasize on their ow More
        By ethnic problem one means a situation where all the ethnic groups or sections of country’s ethnic group in their tendency towards nation-state and their feeling about belonging to that state have become different or against it, instead they emphasize on their own peculiarity and wish certain degree of disintegration. In many occasions the national nationalism and ethnical nationalism conflict with each other. The present article wants to study the impact of ethnic inequalities on national security. Two province of Isfahan and Kurdistan have been selected as the representatives of different ethnic groups. For collection of data library materials (documentary) and secondary analysis have been used. For comparison of the inequality between the two provinces economic and social indexes have been used. Also for examining the variable of national security and its condition in these two understudy provinces, data have been taken from a study which was conducted in Summer 1381/2002 by the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance under the name of “value and attitudes of Iranians”. Eventually the following findings have been concluded. From the view point economic and social indexes Kurdistan is placing at a lower level than Isfahan Province. As regards to the variable for evaluating national security, the distinction and differences between the views and opinion of citizens of Isfahan Province and citizens of Kurdistan Province are quite tangible. This large difference on variable of national security between the two (which represent two ethnic groups) can lead to problems for national unity and lowering the national security index. Manuscript profile
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        540 - The Islamic Republic of Iran's (IRI) Security Threats in Southern Caucasus
        Saeid Vosoughi
        Today, the security of each country does not refer to its strength, power and structure, but to its nature, international and national interactions and developments. In other words, the security statuse of each country is related to its international and regional securi More
        Today, the security of each country does not refer to its strength, power and structure, but to its nature, international and national interactions and developments. In other words, the security statuse of each country is related to its international and regional security. This article tries to make the I.R.I. security threats in Southern Coucasus clear based on I.R.I geopolitical and geostrategic location in southern Caucasus, its stance in relation with other southern caucasus's countries, and finally, Iran's impression of regional security in the same region. Manuscript profile
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        541 - The Security Regime of the Caspian Sea after the Disintegration of the Soviet Union till 2009: The Obstacles and the Challenges
        Hossein Ahmadi Darab Jalil Piran
        With the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 the littoral states of the Caspian Sea got independence. These countries got a new and special geopolitics، economic، security and cultural position. The birth of the new states brought a change in international system More
        With the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 the littoral states of the Caspian Sea got independence. These countries got a new and special geopolitics، economic، security and cultural position. The birth of the new states brought a change in international system. The big powers and the littoral and contagious states also faced new problems. The presence of extra-regional powers like the United States and its allies like Israel، Turkey and Azerbaijan added to the complicacy of the problems. There are international issues which have its impact on the Caspian Sea region. These issues are the expansion of NATO towards east، the installation of missile defence shield in Eastern Europe with the aim of extension of their influence to the Caspian Sea region. The attitudes of Iran، Russia and China towards the developments of this region are among the important developments which have so far taken place. Some of the observers believe that a new cold war has started. The main question which the present article is raising is what are the obstacles and challenges before the security regime of the Caspian Sea region? The hypothesis of the article emphasizes on the point that the competition of the United States، Russia، China and Iran has created obstacles and challenge for the formation of security regime of the Caspian Sea security regime. The article is also examining the repercussions of these competitions on the process of formation of security regime of the Caspian Sea region. Manuscript profile
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        542 - Nuclear Terrorism: Conceptual Explanation within the Framework of the United Nation’s Performance
        Alireza Golshani Haydar Babanasab Ali Bagheri Mahmoudabadi
        Nuclear terrorism is one of the most dangerous and terrible menace for human society and therefore, a serious threat and danger for peace and international security. The United Nations in the direction of fighting and containing nuclear terrorism and maintaining peace a More
        Nuclear terrorism is one of the most dangerous and terrible menace for human society and therefore, a serious threat and danger for peace and international security. The United Nations in the direction of fighting and containing nuclear terrorism and maintaining peace and international security has taken several legal steps. The occurrence of September 11, 2001 terrorist events and the possibility of committing similar terrorist acts with nuclear material added urgency to the fight against this kind of terrorism. The Security Council of the United Nations in resolution number 1540 in the year 2004 obligated all the governments to take necessary measures to control and protect nuclear material and prevent the proliferation and expansion of nuclear weapons, and in this way stop nuclear terrorism. Besides this one of the important measures taken in this regard with the initiative of General Assembly and International Atomic Energy Agency was the approval of a convention in 2005 in the General Assembly of the United Nations with a unanimous vote. On the 7th July 2007 after the receipt of twenty second approval document as the thirteenth international anti-terrorist convention put into effect and is binding on all the members. In this convention which includes 28 articles, the legitimate right of all countries for exploitation and peaceful use of nuclear energy was reiterated. This convention is the most important convention of the United Nations about terrorism. The authors of the present article want to describe the legal steps which have been taken in these international institutions, like the measures taken by General Assembly, Security Council and International Atomic Energy Agency, in the direction of flight against terrorism and maintaining peace and international security. Manuscript profile
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        543 - A Study of the United States Foreign Policy in Afghanistan: State Building with Emphasis on Reconstruction of Armed Forces (Text in Persian)
        Ali Mohammadian
        From the time of military attack on Afghanistan by international coalition led by the United States in 2001، a decade has passed. The consequence of this attack was the fall of the extremist regime of Taliban. After that، the holding of Bon 1 conference on 5th December More
        From the time of military attack on Afghanistan by international coalition led by the United States in 2001، a decade has passed. The consequence of this attack was the fall of the extremist regime of Taliban. After that، the holding of Bon 1 conference on 5th December 2001 drew the process of development before Afghanistan for a decade. From that date many developments have taken place which major part of them had security and military nature. Parts of the agreement of Western countries were reconstruction of military and security organs of Afghanistan. In this regard the presence of the United States and its allies within the framework of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been more prominent. They are determined to seek the support of other countries and several international agencies to proceed with the project of state building، to build a strong and stable central government and sustained society in Afghanistan. Certainly taking into consideration the peculiarities of the exclusive society of Afghanistan the formation of security organs and their functioning can be a key lever of central government in bringing stability in Afghanistan. The present article intends to examine the policy of state building in Afghanistan and formation of the structure of a new armed forces and the impact of these measures in creating security and stability in that country. Manuscript profile
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        544 - The Place of Lebanon Hezbollah in Deterrence Strategy of Islamic Republic of Iran
        Alireza Golshani Mohsen Bagheri
        The aim of the present article is recognition and analysis of the palace of Hezbollah of Lebanon in deterrence strategy of Islamic Republic of Iran. The activities of Hezbollah of Lebanon adjacent to the Israeli borders (Israel as the main source of threat against the I More
        The aim of the present article is recognition and analysis of the palace of Hezbollah of Lebanon in deterrence strategy of Islamic Republic of Iran. The activities of Hezbollah of Lebanon adjacent to the Israeli borders (Israel as the main source of threat against the Islamic Republic of Iran) while gives special importance to this movement it boosts the deterrence potential of Islamic Republic of Iran. The main question of the present article is what the impact of Islamic Republic of Iran support for the Lebanon Hezbollah is on deterrence potential of Iran? The underlying hypothesis is that the support of Islamic Republic of Iran for the Lebanon Hezbollah increases the deterrence power of Iran. For understanding the above hypothesis by descriptive-analytical method, variables like increasing the strategic depth of Iran, defeating the Israel deterrence and reducing military security factor and reducing the possibility of military attack on Iran are discussed. The finding of the study shows that the support of Islamic Republic of Iran for Hezbollah of Lebanon in the direction of containing Israel on the one side has led to defeat of Israel deterrence and the reduction of national security of that country. On the other hand it has added to depth of strategic for Islamic Republic of Iran and reducing the risk of possible military attack against Iran. This condition in the long run leads to increasing indirect regional deterrence power and national security of Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile
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        545 - Security in Islam: Principles and Framework of Thought
        SayyedJavad Emamjomehzadeh Hossein Darjani
        The present article is studying the subject of security in Islam from the view point of Prophet (Nabavi) and also security from the view point of Mahdavi (Imam Mahdi) and Alavi (Imam Ali). On this basis and also taking into consideration the main indicators in Prophet M More
        The present article is studying the subject of security in Islam from the view point of Prophet (Nabavi) and also security from the view point of Mahdavi (Imam Mahdi) and Alavi (Imam Ali). On this basis and also taking into consideration the main indicators in Prophet Mohammad (PBH) and Hazrat Ali’s discourse and also the philosophy of Expecting (Intezar) approach towards security, the aspects and framework of thought derived from it is explained and studied. The article studies the discourse of the dominant concepts and the structure of the security in Prophet Mohammad, Alavi and Mahdavi approach because the prophets and Shiite Imams have paid attention to the security discourse. What one can notice in words of the great prophet about security is his great adherence to the word of revelation and security of the Islamic lands and all the citizens. In the view point of the innocent Shiite Imams acceptance of the prophet’s framework of thought and holy Quran along with the expediencies and the interests of Islamic community and also the right to have security and tranquility for all the citizens in the Islamic land is having a significant place. The authors of the article have tried to discuss the theoretical foundation of the “idea of security” in Islam and in this direction they are analyzing the Islamic discourse to extract hypothesis which determine the limit of security discourse in Islam. Manuscript profile
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        546 - The Study of Role of Ethnic Identity in Sustained Security: Case Study of Iranian Kurdistan (Kurdish Ethnicity)
        Mohammad Jafar Javadi Arjomand Mohsen Tavakolian Nahid Ghamaryan
        Abstract:  In countries like Iran where there is ethnic and religious diversity the question of attracting the ethnic group to national mainstream which leads to national integration is important for maintaining a durable and sustained security. The present articl More
        Abstract:  In countries like Iran where there is ethnic and religious diversity the question of attracting the ethnic group to national mainstream which leads to national integration is important for maintaining a durable and sustained security. The present article wants to examine the obstacles on the way of attracting the Kurdish ethnic group to national mainstream and formation of a national identity. The Iranian Kurdistan province due to its proximity to Iraqi Kurdistan, Turkey’s Kurdish populated provinces and separatist and ethnic propaganda and unrest and tension gets affected. For this reason it becomes necessary to pay special attention to this region for maintaining peace, stability and security. The underlying hypothesis of the present article is that Iranian Kurds have kept their affinity with mainland despite distorted and divisive propaganda but this relation is facing challenge and obstacles. These challenges relate to economic problems, unbalanced regional development and separatist propaganda and security oriented look to the region. Therefore there is a need to have a comprehensive and expert look at the region to evaluate the problems and find solution for it. The present article gives suggestion for solving the problems of Iranian Kurdistan province in four sectors, i.e. political, cultural, economic and religious. The authors are of the view that the existing approach to region should be revised. Manuscript profile
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        547 - Iraqi Federalism and Iran’s National Security; Opportunities and Challenges
        Mehdi Dehnavi Hossein Tajabadi
        Abstract The US led coalition forces attack to Iraq on the pretext of WMD has turned this country's events into one of the main topics discussed by the experts in political and international issues. Based on the new Iraqi constitution, which was approved by Parliament More
        Abstract The US led coalition forces attack to Iraq on the pretext of WMD has turned this country's events into one of the main topics discussed by the experts in political and international issues. Based on the new Iraqi constitution, which was approved by Parliament and the majority of Iraqi people, the government was established as 'democratic, federal parliamentary republic'. This paper tries to answer the following question: what is the impact of the federal system in Iraq on Iran's national security? To answer this question, authors have used descriptive-analytical method . Compared to Iraq’s thereat, as a unitary state, for Iran’s national security (as was the case of the last Iran- Iraq war) or as a distorted country which paves the way for inference of trans regional powers in opposition to Iran’s national interests, it seems that the new Iraq federal system regardless of some challenges that may cause for neighbors including Iran, can be the best model for national security. Manuscript profile
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        548 - The Place of Public Diplomacy in new Competitions between the US and Russian Federation (Reproduction of cold war in public diplomacy sphere)
        Abbasgholi Asgarian
        Abstract: Public diplomacy is the main tool of soft power. This fact was an accepted fact since long time back but in recent years it has vividly shown itself in the performance of many countries. The United States and Russia are two strong countries who have the prece More
        Abstract: Public diplomacy is the main tool of soft power. This fact was an accepted fact since long time back but in recent years it has vividly shown itself in the performance of many countries. The United States and Russia are two strong countries who have the precedence of competition. Russia in recent years due to military and economic weakness cannot match her rival i.e. the United States and is investing more on public diplomacy but on this sphere also she is lagging behind despite that she has a good political and cultural potential. The present article wants to answer this question that what is the place of public diplomacy in the foreign policies of both the countries and in what fields they make use of it? The underlying hypothesis is that both the countries acknowledge the importance of public diplomacy in modern world but despite attempt made by Russia in recent years, she has not been successful in achieving its goals in the field of public diplomacy. One of the important obstacles in the way of promoting public diplomacy is the rigid and inflexible mentality of the Russian leaders. On the other hand the United States as one of the important actors in international system makes use of different tools to communicate her message to the peoples of the world and she has been more successful in this regard. The present article has examined the above issue by descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile
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        549 - The Role of Geopolitics of Islamic Republic of Iran in Security of World Energy on the Basis of SWOT Strategic Management Model
        Alireza Golshani Hamid Reza Sohrabi
        The security of energy is one of the strategic issues in world politics which all countries give special attention to it. Islamic Republic of Iran is located in the center of a region which is called “strategic oval of energy” which is having important role More
        The security of energy is one of the strategic issues in world politics which all countries give special attention to it. Islamic Republic of Iran is located in the center of a region which is called “strategic oval of energy” which is having important role in production and transit of oil and gas in a way it functions like a heart for the world and for this reason and significance it is having a geopolitical role. The aim of the present research is to study and analyze the geopolitical role of Islamic Republic of Iran in security of energy. It also wants to know ways for better use of this geopolitical position, also understanding the threats and making maximum use of this geopolitical opportunity. The theoretical framework for this research is a strategic oval of energy of Jeffery Kemp which is examined in strategic management model framework. The finding of the study shows that the increase in demand of energy sources in industrial countries of the world like the United States, European Union and the countries of Asia like India, and China has led to activation of this strategic oval of energy in international politics which centers around Islamic Republic of Iran. Taking into consideration the need of great powers for oil, the United States tries to make use of energy as a weapon for the management of world affairs and attaining its hegemonic system. In present situation the world market for energy needs an inclusive approach based on international security and a win-win game towards security of energy. This approach takes into consideration the interest and proportionate share of all actors in world energy market. Thus the security of world energy needs the creation of “collective security”. Manuscript profile
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        550 - The Economic Indexes and National Security of Iran
        Zarir Negintaji Homan Hosseini Azin Kiani
        With the end of the Cold War and the advent of question of globalization in the political economy system of the world the soft source of security policies found its special place despite the continuation of the importance of hard aspect of security. This means the satis More
        With the end of the Cold War and the advent of question of globalization in the political economy system of the world the soft source of security policies found its special place despite the continuation of the importance of hard aspect of security. This means the satisfaction, and internal, regional and global legitimacy of governments, progress and level of development, their share in producing world’s wealth and their role in international organizations and institutions are among the most important factors for maintaining national security in present era. In present situation the security finds its real meaning in its extensive scope. The economic problems and economic development have become the source of government’s power and strength and national security is conceptualizing in that direction. This means that security besides its military aspect have other important aspect like economic, ecological, cultural aspect as well. The present paper tries to look extensively to the issue of security and the economic aspect of security and the impact of economic indexes on the security of Islamic Republic of Iran are discussed in detail. For this reason the paper borrows Copenhagen school theory of security which has an extensive view about security. Manuscript profile
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        551 - The Strategies of Islamic Republic of Iran towards the Security of Persian Gulf
        Mohammadali Basiri Leila Javidi
        The Persian Gulf region is one of the important security, strategic and economic regions in international system. For these reasons it is having important place and throughout recent history great powers have paid attention to it and it has sometime become the target of More
        The Persian Gulf region is one of the important security, strategic and economic regions in international system. For these reasons it is having important place and throughout recent history great powers have paid attention to it and it has sometime become the target of their aggression. Nowadays with the advent of oil reserves and its important place in world economy the security and stability of this region is a sensitive issue for both regional as well as world powers. Taking into consideration the type, position and political geography, nature of the governments in the Persian Gulf region, a regional security based on cooperation among the countries of the region is most suitable method for the security of the region. Of course this task will not be accomplished unless different methods of mutual confidence building are pursued among the countries of the region for removing the misunderstandings. This will be achieved only through the serious efforts of the political leaders of littoral countries. Manuscript profile
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        552 - Collective Security Arrangements: A New Pattern for Creation of Security in the Persian Gulf
        Mohammadreza Agharebparast
        The peculiarity, structure and connectedness of security in the Persian Gulf region have caused the formation of network of security among the countries of the region. Therefore, the security of countries of this region cannot be separated from each other. Each developm More
        The peculiarity, structure and connectedness of security in the Persian Gulf region have caused the formation of network of security among the countries of the region. Therefore, the security of countries of this region cannot be separated from each other. Each development and change in the condition of one of the countries affects other countries as well. On its turn this will lead to the formation of complex or “securityregional subset” in the region. On the other hand this will lead to “mutual security dependence” among the members of this complex. In this way one has to accept that confronting the threats and challenges in the region should first be done with the presence of all the members of the complex and in the second stage facing these challenges will only be possible by a collective action by all the states of this complex and within the framework of collective security management. Manuscript profile
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        553 - The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Predicting Social Interactions and Ethical and Social Security in Urban Space
        ali jafari Mohammad Soltanifar
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of emotional intelligence in predicting social interactions and moral and social security in urban space. Based on the data collection method and the type of method, the present study is correlation analysis. The sta More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of emotional intelligence in predicting social interactions and moral and social security in urban space. Based on the data collection method and the type of method, the present study is correlation analysis. The statistical population of this study includes all people over 18 years old living in Ardebil city, according to the latest census of 115,000 people. Using Cochran formula, 384 subjects were used as the sample. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire tool. The research tool in this study consisted of three questionnaires - one on emotional intelligence and the other on social and moral feeling. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive statistics were analyzed using descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, inferential test results and research hypotheses using correlation and regression tests. The results showed that their social interaction increased with increasing emotional intelligence scores. Emotional intelligence scores on social and moral security have risen. Finally, emotional intelligence has influenced the prediction of social interactions and moral and social security in urban space. Manuscript profile
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        554 - Design and Validation of Social Development Model with Mixed Approach (Case study: Neighborhoods of Zanjan)
        Younes Eskandari Gholamreza Meamar Zadeh Mostafa jafari, Naser Hamidi
        The purpose of this study was to design and validate a social development model with a mixed method in the neighborhoods of Zanjan. In the qualitative part, the data foundation method was used and in the quantitative part, the structural equation modeling method was use More
        The purpose of this study was to design and validate a social development model with a mixed method in the neighborhoods of Zanjan. In the qualitative part, the data foundation method was used and in the quantitative part, the structural equation modeling method was used with emphasis on the partial least squares approach. The statistical population of the qualitative section was the experts of the scientific community and academic experts who have executive backgrounds at the decision-making levels and are called knowledgeable experts. In a small part, the descriptive-analytical research method was causal in a survey method, the statistical population of which was the residents of 25 neighborhoods of the city, whose number according to the documents of the Statistics Center of Iran in 1397 was 430871 people. The sampling method was cluster and purposeful in the neighborhoods. Using Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as the sample size and a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed. The results of the qualitative section showed that the social development model includes 5 dimensions, 19 components and 52 indicators. After presenting the model, based on 5 dimensions extracted, hypothesized and the impact of the dimensions of social solidarity and harmony, social justice, quality of life, social security and ethics of social development on social development using structural equation modeling with Smart- Pls software was evaluated and the effect of each dimension was determined. Manuscript profile
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        555 - The study of social factors affecting citizens' sense of belonging to the city Case study: Bandar Abbas
        Hedayat Nikkhah Parnian Sarafraz Zhara Valipour
        One of the most important characteristics of human communication with the environment is the sense of belonging to a place, which plays a decisive role in the continuity of human presence in space. The present study seeks to measure the level of citizens' sense of belon More
        One of the most important characteristics of human communication with the environment is the sense of belonging to a place, which plays a decisive role in the continuity of human presence in space. The present study seeks to measure the level of citizens' sense of belonging to the city of Bandar Abbas in 1397. According to Cochran's formula, 300 people from the statistical population were selected using targeted sampling and multi-stage cluster sampling using the Cochran's formula. According to the research findings, the average sense of belonging (27.85) is reported to be above average. A study of contextual variables showed that residential area, duration of residence and education have decisive effects on citizens' sense of belonging, but there is no significant relationship between variables such as gender, occupation, marital status, age and income. Also, the results of the inferential test of research hypotheses showed that there is a strong and significant relationship between social interactions, social security, neighborhood services, neighborhood cooperation and cooperation and index and memory locations with the sense of belonging of Bandar Abbas citizens. The results of the regression test showed that the mentioned variables explained only (37%) of the citizens' sense of belonging, which had the highest level of explanation, respectively, index places, social interactions and also social security. Manuscript profile
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        556 - .
        محمود کتابی zahirmostafa balvardi صولت افضلی گروه مهدیه غیوری
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        557 - .
        مصطفی ازکیا مهدی مختارپور
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        558 - .
        هوشنگ نایبی مهدی سلیمانی
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        559 - Sociological factors Affecting happiness with an emphasis on feeling of social security Case of study: the city of Kerman, Iran
        فریدون وحیدا شاپور بهیان سیدعلی هاشمیان فر سپیده حضرتی
        Nowadays the progress of any society depends on the efficient use of human resources and one of the most important principles in the field of urban management is the attention to citizens' happiness .The present article intends to study the level of  and sociologic More
        Nowadays the progress of any society depends on the efficient use of human resources and one of the most important principles in the field of urban management is the attention to citizens' happiness .The present article intends to study the level of  and sociological factors affecting happiness among the residents of the city of Kerman who are older-than-18 years old. Social factors included feeling of social security, social capital, social identity, and social anomie.  Considering the nature of variables and the relationships among them, the research method is correlational descriptive. Research population consists of all citizens in Kerman who were older than 18years old which numbered 508984 citizens. 384 individuals were selected as the sample through multistage clustering sampling method. OHI was administered where the reliability and validity were reported 0.917 and 0.876 for this researcher-made questionnaire, respectively. Findings indicate that happiness level is in medium level among the respondents.  Regression analysis results showed that variables feeling of social security, social capital, social identity, age, and income together could explain 39 per cent of the variance of happiness. Among independent variables, the variable of social security had the highest score. Although other variables were directly and indirectly related to happiness, but they were related to the feeling of social security in complex ways.  Manuscript profile
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        560 - An Analysis of Linear and non-linear effects of High-rise constructions on the level and types of Urban Crimes (case of study: North and South Parts of the city of Esfahan)
        Mahin Nastaran Vahid Ghasemi Shabnam Yasavolian
        Excessive and irregular growth of population in urban areas, especially in metropolitan areas, has caused increase of high-rise buildings and also has brought about many problems such as social anomalies, reduction of security, etc. This paper studies the relations betw More
        Excessive and irregular growth of population in urban areas, especially in metropolitan areas, has caused increase of high-rise buildings and also has brought about many problems such as social anomalies, reduction of security, etc. This paper studies the relations between high-rising buildings and the kind and amount of urban crimes. In this paper, in addition to evaluating the relationship between two main variables, other factors that can affect urban crimes are also examined. The research population consisted of the residents of regions 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14 in north and south of Isfahan. The findings showed that the linear relationship between high rising buildings and urban crimes is low. In general the increase of high-rise building caused 6.5% increase of urban crimes. On the other hand, with the score of 0.92, there is a very strong nonlinear relationship between two mentioned variables. Among four groups of urban crime, Pearson coefficient for crimes against properties and ownership is 0.47 and Spearman coefficient is 0.6, which is the strongest relationship of variables considered. This indicates that the probability of committing a crime in high rise building areas like region 6, increases, perhaps because of the relatively good economic situation of the residents. Considering the effects of intervening variables, the results showed that better employment conditions, durability and age of buildings decreases urban crimes. Manuscript profile
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        561 - .
        محسن نیازی مهران سهراب زاده الهام شفائی مقدم
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        562 - . Designing and validation of a social development model with a mixed method (case of study: neighborhoods of the city of Zanjan)
        Younes Eskandari Gholamreza Meamar Zadeh Mostafa . Jafari . Naser Hamidi
        10.30495/uss.2021.681719
        This study aimed to design and validate a model of social development utilizing a mixed method in the neighborhoods of the city of Zanjan. In the qualitative part, the data-based method and in the quantitative part, a structural equation modeling method was used with an More
        This study aimed to design and validate a model of social development utilizing a mixed method in the neighborhoods of the city of Zanjan. In the qualitative part, the data-based method and in the quantitative part, a structural equation modeling method was used with an emphasis on partial least squares approach. The research population of the qualitative section consisted of knowledgeable experts, that is, experts of the scientific community and academicians who have executive backgrounds at the decision-making levels. Targeted sampling method was used to determine the samples of these experts. After interviewing 12 knowledgeable experts, theoretical saturation was obtained and the semi-structured in-depth interview process was completed. In the quantitative part, a causal type descriptive-analytical research method was used via a survey. the research population consisted of the residents of 25 neighborhoods of the city, whose number according to the Statistics Center of Iran in 1397 was 430871 people. Using Cochran's formula and a cluster and purposeful sampling technique, 384 people were selected as the sample. The results of the qualitative section showed that the social development model includes 5 dimensions, 19 components and 52 indicators. On the basis of these 5 dimensions, the impact of social solidarity and harmony, social justice, quality of life, social security, and ethics of social development on social development was tested using structural equation modeling with Smart- Pls software. The results showed that social development was influenced by  social solidarity and harmony (8.183), social justice (4.989), quality of life (4.317), social security (4.106), and ethics of social development (8.906).  Manuscript profile
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        563 - The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Predicting Social Interactions and Ethical and Social Security in Urban Space (case of study: Ardebili resident above age 18)
        Mohammad Soltanifar ali jafari Kazem alizadeh
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of emotional intelligence in predicting social interactions and moral and social security in urban space. this study is a correlation analysis. The research population included all people over 18 years of age living More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of emotional intelligence in predicting social interactions and moral and social security in urban space. this study is a correlation analysis. The research population included all people over 18 years of age living in Ardebil city, which according to the latest census was 115,000 people. Using Cochran formula, 384 individuals were selected as the sample, using a multi-stage cluster sampling method . The research tool in this study consisted of three questionnaires - one on emotional intelligence and the others on social and moral feeling. Correlation and regression tests were used for testing  hypothises. The results showed that social interaction, social and moral security increased with increasing emotional intelligence. Manuscript profile
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        564 - A study of social factors affecting citizens' sense of belonging to the city (Case of study:the city of Bandar Abbas)
        Hedayat Nikkhah Parnian Sarafraz Zhara Valipour
        One of the most important characteristics of human relationship with the environment is the sense of belonging to the place, which plays a decisive role in maintaining the human presence in the place. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the social factors More
        One of the most important characteristics of human relationship with the environment is the sense of belonging to the place, which plays a decisive role in maintaining the human presence in the place. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the social factors affecting the sense of belonging. sociological perspectives of Jacobs, Benjamin, Lynch, and Pakzad were used to construct the theoretical framework. Using a survey method and a questionnaire, 300 residents aged 18 years and older with more than ten years of residence in Bandar Abbas were selected by purposive and multi-stage cluster sampling.The collected data were described and analyzed by SPSS software using statistical methods such as frequency distribution, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and regression. Research findings showed that  the average for “feeling of belonging” (27.85) was reported as moderate to high. Factors such as length of stay, education and residential area affected the subjects'  “feeling of belonging”. Also, the results of the inferential tests showed that there was a strong and significant relationship between social interactions, social security, neighborhood services, neighborhood cooperation, and landmarks and memorable places with citizens' sense of belonging. This means that by decreasing or increasing any of the above parameters, the degree of citizens' sense of belonging also changes accordingly. The results of regression test showed that the mentioned variables could explain (37%) of the sense of belonging of citizens Manuscript profile
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        565 - .
        علیرضا شیروانی Hojzatolah farzaneh
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        566 - A study of socio-political factors affecting ethnic convergences (Case Study: ethnic groups of the city of Uremia)
        mehdi ghassed Habibolah Zanjani Alireza Kaldi
        Ethnic groups in every society have an important role in national solidarity and if they are challenged, they can endanger national security. Nowadays ethnicities are one of the necessities of development in the Islamic Republic of Iran and luckily after the Islamic Rev More
        Ethnic groups in every society have an important role in national solidarity and if they are challenged, they can endanger national security. Nowadays ethnicities are one of the necessities of development in the Islamic Republic of Iran and luckily after the Islamic Revolution, due to policymaking, ethnic convergence has moved towards national solidarity. To highlight ethnic convergence in this research, political and social factors which influence the subject are studied. This case of study includes ethnic groups in the city of Uremia in comparison with those of the whole country. The methodology is qualitative and grounded theory is applied to fulfill the research. The qualitative data of the research were gathered through deep interviews and grounded theory strategy was used for the provision of the final theory. Using purposeful sampling and considering the fact of information saturation, 15 deep interviews with the people of the society were done. Gathered data were categorized within 63 concepts and amongst them 5 main categories were obtained: nationalism and common history, common religion, security and hope. The core category is the concept of security which encompasses the other categories. The results of the research indicated that the ethnic groups in Uremia inclined towards ethnic convergence due to political and social security. Manuscript profile
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        567 - .
        فاطمه گلابی توکل آقایاری هیر رضا ابراهیمی
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        568 - .
        علی مرادی داریوش غفاری
        Manuscript profile
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        569 - .
        اکبر طالب پور
        Manuscript profile
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        570 - .
        جمال محمدی مریم مرادی پادوک
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        571 - .
        سید علی هاشمیان فر پریرخ امامی Marjan Zarandi pari Ataee
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        572 - .
        مهرداد محمدیان Darya Goharmotahar
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        573 - Explaining the effect of feeling of social security, religiosity, feeling of social inequality on social tolerance in the urban area of Isfahan
        Masoome Kermanshahi Sayed Ali Hashemianfar Fereydoon Vahida
        10.30495/uss.2023.707870
        Social tolerance is one of the basic elements of healthy social relations. The present study examines the relationship between the feeling of social security, religiosity, and the feeling of social inequality with social tolerance. The research method is a survey and th More
        Social tolerance is one of the basic elements of healthy social relations. The present study examines the relationship between the feeling of social security, religiosity, and the feeling of social inequality with social tolerance. The research method is a survey and the statistical population includes 1454186 citizens over 20 years of age living in Isfahan city in 1399-1400. The sample size was calculated using Gpower software to be 461 people which was randomly selected by the stratified sampling method according to the characteristics of the statistical population based on the socio-economic The findings show that the average social tolerance of the citizens was at the low end of the studied spectrum. The results of the Pearson correlation test show that there is a significant and direct relationship between the variables of social security feeling (0.345) and religiosity (0.308) with the social tolerance variable, and there is a significant relationship between the social inequality feeling variable (-0.308) and the social tolerance variable. And there is the opposite. Based on the results obtained from the structural equation model, it can be said that there is a significant relationship between the variables of feeling of social security and feeling of social inequality with the variable of social tolerance according to the developed conceptual model are in a structural relationship. in the case of religiosity, was not significant on social tolerance. The variable of feeling of social security has explained the highest amount of variance in promoting social tolerance with a direct effect (0.28). Manuscript profile
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        574 - تبیین مدیریت یکپارچه شهری درامنیت ورفاه محلات شهری (مطالعه موردی:شهرتبریز)
        رضا سعادتپور علویق بشیر بیگ بابایی کریم حسین زاده دلیر
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        575 - تحلیل تاثیر دلبستگی مکانی و سرمایه اجتماعی بر احساس امنیت در محلات شهر سبزوار
        سعید حسین آبادی
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        576 - ارتباط میان محیط مسکونی تک خانواری و روابط اجتماعی ایمن (مطالعه موردی : محله‌کتی‌شرقی وغربی و زرگر محله شهر بابل)
        بنیامین صالحی الاشتی معصومه هدایتی مرزبالی ودیهه ملاصالحی محمد جواد مقصودی تیلکی محمد علی رجایی ریزی
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        577 - آمایش مناطق مرزی با تاکید بر امنیت پایدار در جهت تحقق توسعه پایدار شهری از دیدگاه کارشناسان(مورد مطالعه: شهر گشت)
        خدابخش حسین بر محمودرضا انوری
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        578 - تبین عوامل موثر محیطی در ایجاد حس امنیت اجتماعی در مجتمع های مسکونی شهر رشت
        سبحان روشن فکر جورشری فرزانه اسدی ملک جهان نصرالله مولایی هشتجین
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        579 - شناسایی و تحلیل پیشران‏های پیشگیری از جرم در محلات شهری تهران در راستای توسعۀ امنیت پایدار با استفاده از معادلات ساختاری فازی ؛ مورد پژوهی: منطقۀ 17 تهران
        شهرام سلطانی عباس شیخ الاسلامی عبدالرضا اصغری
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        580 - ارزیابی و رتبه‌بندی محلات شهری براساس شاخص‌های امنیتی شهر هوشمند مطالعه موردی؛ محلات شهر زنجان
        جلیل محمدی علیرضا محمدی عطا غفاری گیلانده محمدحسن یزدانی
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        581 - ارزیابی رضایت مندی از شاخص‏ های توانمندسازی سکونتگاه‏ های غیررسمی با تأکید بر مسائل اجتماعی و اقتصادی (نمونه موردی: محله خلیل‏ آباد تبریز)
        علی اسکوئی ارس فریدون بابائی اقدم
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        582 - تحلیلی بر رابطه ژئوپلیتیک قوم کرد و امنیت ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران با تمرکز بر نظریه هارتشورن
        داریوش جهانی عزت اله عزتی محمد حسن نامی
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        583 - ریشه‌های بسط و نضج بنیادگرائی افراطی در پاکستان در راستای ایجاد امنیت ملی و منطقه‌ای با تاکید بر مرزهای مشترک ایران
        فاطمه زهرا علی محمدی حمیدرضا محمدی عزت الله عزتی
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        584 - بحران مناطق شرق و تحلیل ژئوپلیتیکی برای مدیریت برون رفت از آن
        محمدحسن نامی وحید بارانی پسیان غلامرضا سعیدی
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        585 - تحلیل احساس امنیت گردشگران با تأکید بر برنامه‌ریزی شهری (مطالعه موردی زائران کلانشهر مشهد)
        محمد حسن شربتیان پویا طوافی
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        586 - تحلیل تطبیقی احساس امنیت در قلمروهای مرزی (نمونه‌ی موردی؛ کردستان ایران و کردستان عراق)
        افشین متقی
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        587 - تأثیر هیدروپلیتیک رودخانه مرزی هیرمند بر امنیت ملی جمهوری اسلامی‌ایران
        سید عباس فروغی نعمت الهی مهدی حسنی باقری محمود شیخ اویسی
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        588 - سوء استفاده از اطفال در قاچاق مواد مخدر و تأثیر آن بر امنیت ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
        رضا سیمبر، محمد مهدی یحیی پور محمدولی کشاورز زاده عباس نجفی
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        589 - نقش گردشگری در تامین منافع ملی ایران در منطقه ژئوپلیتیک خلیج فارس
        حیدر لطفی قاسم تیموری کسرا مهمانپرست نودهی مرضیه راستاد بروجنی
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        590 - بررسی سلامت‌زیست ساکنین محلات حاشیه‌نشین از ابعاد امنیت غذایی و سلامت تغذیه (مورد پژوهش؛ محلة شادقلی‌خان قم)
        حسین حاتمی نژاد علی مهدی معصومه مهدیان بهنمیری
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        591 - پیامدهای امنیتی تحولات ژئوپولیتیکی کشور سوریه برقدرت منطقه‌ای جمهوری اسلامی ایران
        علی رحیمی عزت اله عزتی مسعود مهدوی حاجیلوئی
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        592 - تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر حس مکانی شهروندان در شهرهای جدیدمطالعه موردی: شهر جدید صدرا
        سید علی علوی حسین عزیزی اکبر خلج
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        593 - بررسی تطبیقی چارچوب تنظیمی سفر و گردشگری در کشورهای حاشیه خلیج فارس، با تاکید بر جمهوری اسلامی ایران
        رسول افضلی سیدعباس احمدی محمود واثق منوچهر جهانیان
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        594 - تحلیلی بر هیدروپلیتیک شرق ایران
        عزت‌الله عزتی محمدحسن خضری محبوبه نیک‌فرجام
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        595 - نقش امنیت و ایجاد قوانین حمایتی از گردشگران خارجی در راستای توسعه اقتصادی وگردشگری به عنوان یک راهکار بین‌المللی با استفاده از روش DEMATEL
        فاطمه دوزنده ضیابری تیمور آمار
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        596 - بررسی عوامل موثربررضایت شهروندان ازامنیت فضاهای گردشگری کلانشهرتهران
        سیدخلیل سیدعلی پور
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        597 - تحلیلی بر نقش و جایگاه چین در افغانستان و تأثیر آن بر امنیت ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
        عبداله جلالی نسب سید یحیی صفوی عزت اله عزتی
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        598 - تحلیلی بر نقش قومیت (اکراد) در سازمان میادین شهرداری تهران با توجه به تحولات خاورمیانه (با تاکید بر واگرایی و امنیت غذایی
        ناصر عسگری عزت اله عزتی عبدالرضا فرجی راد
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        599 - نقش کشور عربستان در گسترش تروریسم و تاثیر ان بر امنیت ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
        محراب هداوند میرزایی
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        600 - مطالعه تاثیر سرمایه اجتماعی بر توسعه روستایی (مطالعه موردی: روستای اسدآباد شهرستان تربت حیدریه)
        محمد حسن شربتیان احمد بخارایی پویا طوافی
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        601 - تحلیل اثرات امنیت اجتماعی در کیفیت زندگی خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان خرمدره
        وحید ریاحی آذر نوری
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        602 - تبیین ژئوپلیتیک رشد جمعیت و امنیت ملی ایران
        علیرضا محرابی روح الله نیکزاد محمد ساسانی‌پور
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        603 - استراتژی جدید ایالات متحده آمریکا و امنیت ملی افغانستان
        عبدالرضا فرجی راد بهنام شهبازی سیدهادی ساداتی محمد درخور
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        604 - نقش عوامل محیطی مؤثر برتخریب‌گرایی (وندالیسم) در کیفیت عرصه‌های عمومی شهری (نمونه موردی: محله کبابیان همدان
        علیرضا بندرآباد سحر اسماعیل پور همدانی
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        605 - آمایش مناطق مرزی، با تأکید بر ایران
        محمد حسن نامی
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        606 - خانه‌های دوم شهرنشینان در روستاها و اسکان موقت در مواقع بحران با تأکید بر پدافند غیرعامل
        آئیژ عزمی حسن حسینی امینی
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        607 - بررسی و تحلیل ساختار امنیتی خلیج فارس و تنگه هرمز در راستای الگوی امنیتی بازدارندگی با تأکید بر نقش راهبردی منطقه‌ای و بین المللی
        غلامرضا عاشوری شیدا مرتضایی
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        608 - راهکارهای کاهش خلوت منفی در فضای محلات پرتراکم به منظور رعایت حریم و خلوت اجتماعی با رویکرد افزایش امنیت شهروندان (مطالعه موردی: محله‌های شمس‌آباد و کاظم‌آباد تهران)
        سمانه جعفرمحمدی مجتبی انصاری بهمن کارگر حمید بحیرایی
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        609 - بررسی نقش سرمایه‌گذاری و طرح‌های عمرانی در توسعه صنعت گردشگری مازندران (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان سوادکوه
        مهرداد متانی محمدرضا امیری
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        610 - ارزیابی آسیب‌پذیری مسیرهای راهپیمایی و کاربری‌های آن به جهت افزایش امنیت شهری با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل (مطالعه موردی: شهر قم)
        محسن کاملی حسن حسینی امینی
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        611 - تبیین تأثیر فضای حیاتی بر امنیت منطقه‌ای (مطالعه موردی کشور عراق)
        محمود نادریان ابراهیم رومینا زهرا پیشگاهی فرد
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        612 - نقش ایران و امریکا در امنیت خلیج فارس با تأکید بر دوران بعد از انقلاب اسلامی و استراتژی فرامنطقه‌ای ایران
        ناصر اقبالی غلامرضا عاشوری عباس نجفی سجاد عالی فرجام
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        613 - ارزیابی اثرات بافت کالبدی در افزایش امنیت فضاهای شهری (مطالعه موردی: محلات شهر امیرکلا)
        رضا لحمیان
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        614 - تحلیل و بررسی رابطه جرائم افساد فی‌الارض و امنیت ملی ایران
        نغمه فرهود امیر وطنی
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        615 - بررسى نقش موقعیت لرستان از نظر ژئوپلیتیکى در رابطه با امنیت ایران
        سیاوش مرادی پور عزت اله عزتی حیدر لطفی
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        616 - الگوی روابط امنیتی ایران و پاکستان در مقابله با پدیده تروریسم از سال 2001 تا 2017
        محمد محمودی بالا گفشه علی بیژنی محمد اخباری
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        617 - Resorting (Take refuge) in Safavid era
        Jahanbakhsh Savagheb
        Resorting (Take refuge) in some religious places in terms of people is one of the ways to protect individual security which those who resorted to it. The sources of Safavid era have no clear information about resorting and how it is customary, but based on the same news More
        Resorting (Take refuge) in some religious places in terms of people is one of the ways to protect individual security which those who resorted to it. The sources of Safavid era have no clear information about resorting and how it is customary, but based on the same news and the reports that European writers have presented, although not to the extent of the Qajarid era, places are known as sanctuary and those who have resorting them. In this paper, using descriptive - analytical method, the phenomenon of resorting in the Safavid period has been studied and the sites and facilities that have been sanctuary are described. The findings of this research indicate that some of the buildings and religious institutions and some political and administrative facilities are located in this period which have played security role in the protection of the oppressed people against the injustices of the government. Manuscript profile
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        618 - .
        ebrahim salimi fateme sokot
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        619 - شناسایی و رتبه بندی عوامل موثر بر بهره وری کارکنان وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری
        اقبال جباری سید علی اکبر افجه ای محمدحسن بهزادی
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        620 - Investigating the effect of professional ethics and job security on organizational commitment with the mediating role of social capital, Case Study: Employees of Esfahan's Mobarakeh Steel Company
        Masood Ataee Gharacheh Sayyed Mohammad reza Davoodi
        10.30495/jmemiau.2023.705305
        The purpose of this study was to determine investigating the effect of professional ethics and job security on organizational commitment with the mediating role of social capital. The research is an applied and descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of More
        The purpose of this study was to determine investigating the effect of professional ethics and job security on organizational commitment with the mediating role of social capital. The research is an applied and descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of the research is employees of Esfahan's Mobarakeh Steel Company. A sample of 285 people was selected using available sampling method. Data collection was done using four standard questionnaires of professional ethics by Cadozir (2002), job security, Nissi et al. (2019), social capital, Nahapit and Ghoshal (1998) and organizational commitment questionnaire by Meier and Allen (1990). The content validity of questionnaires was confirmed by the experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaires. Testing of research hypotheses was done using the path analysis method with using AMOS software. The results of this research confirmed a positive and direct impact of job security on organizational commitment. This effect in the standard state is equal to 0/28 and has the highest impact coefficient among other relationships. Also the results showed the indirect relationship between Professional ethics and job security on organizational commitment with the mediator role of social capital.  Manuscript profile
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        621 - Exploring the Relationship Between Urban Space and the Feeling of Social Security: A Case Study of Soran City
        roghayyeh rigi sepideh hazrati
        The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between urban space and the feeling of social security, focusing on the case study of Soran city. The research method employed was descriptive-analytical, utilizing correlation analysis. The statist More
        The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between urban space and the feeling of social security, focusing on the case study of Soran city. The research method employed was descriptive-analytical, utilizing correlation analysis. The statistical population of the research comprised all citizens of Soran city, with a population of 32,999 according to the last census in 2015. A sample size of 380 individuals was selected using Cochran's formula and the available sampling method. In this study, data was collected using a questionnaire assessing the feeling of social security and an evaluation of urban space conducted by the researcher. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through consultation with the supervisor, and reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, yielding values of 0.83 for the social security questionnaire and 0.76 for the evaluation of urban space. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis. Descriptive statistics included measures such as mean, frequency tables, and standard deviation, while inferential statistics involved tests to assess data fit, such as Pearson's correlation coefficient test and regression analysis. The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between urban space and the feeling of social security in Soran city, at a significance level of 99%. Furthermore, the urban environment was found to predict 43% of the variance in the feeling of social security. Manuscript profile
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        622 - The role of cultural capital in the sense of security of the marginalized (Case study: Architectural spaces of Kerman)
        Afshin Ghorbaniparam
        10.30495/uf.2022.1956292.1030
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of cultural capital on the sense of security among the suburbs of Kerman. The method of this research is a cross-sectional survey that to achieve the objectives of the study, using the Cochran's formula, 312 residents More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of cultural capital on the sense of security among the suburbs of Kerman. The method of this research is a cross-sectional survey that to achieve the objectives of the study, using the Cochran's formula, 312 residents of the suburbs of Kerman were selected by cluster sampling and simple random sampling as a statistical sample. The research instruments were Bourdieu's standard capital-cultural questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire on the sense of security of architectural spaces.Its validity through content and formal validity; And its reliability was determined by calculating Cronbach's alpha 0.76. The research findings showed that there is a significant relationship between socio-economic status and the feeling of security. The results of the test showed that there was a significant relationship between embodied cultural capital with life, financial and occupational security. Also, inferential statistics showed a significant relationship between the variable of materialized cultural capital and financial and occupational security. But according to the research findings, there is no relationship between objectified cultural capital and physical and emotional security. In addition, the results showed that institutionalized cultural capital had no effect on citizens' sense of security. Manuscript profile
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        623 - Factors affecting the formation of security in car habitats (Case study: Zahedan city)
        masomeh rezazadeh
        10.30495/uf.2022.1956405.1033
        AbstractMarginalization as one of the urban problems and affecting social security and providing a crime scene has always been the focus of city officials and relevant organizations. The purpose of this study is the factors affecting the formation of security in car set More
        AbstractMarginalization as one of the urban problems and affecting social security and providing a crime scene has always been the focus of city officials and relevant organizations. The purpose of this study is the factors affecting the formation of security in car settlements in Zahedan. The present research is of applied type and descriptive-analytical research method. Research data were collected by survey method using a questionnaire using a questionnaire. The statistical population is 694285 people of Zahedan and according to Cochran's formula, the sample size was 382 people. Data analysis was performed by Games-Howell post hoc tests, regression and one-sample t-test. According to the results, the level of security in car settlements in Zahedan is lower than the average level and higher than the unfavorable situation. Therefore, the security situation in car settlements in Zahedan is at a relatively unfavorable level. Also, the findings showed that the residential security situation in region one is significantly different from other regions and the region is in a more favorable situation than other areas of Zahedan. Zone two is in a better position than zone three and its difference with zones 4 and 5 is not significant at 95% confidence level. Also, zone three is in a more unfavorable situation than zone four and has a relatively similar situation to zone five. In this respect, regions four and five are in a similar situation. Manuscript profile
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        624 - Review and Prioritization of Urban Areas with Emphasis on the Impact of Free Trade- Industrial Zones on the Development of Social Indicators (Case Study: Chabahar City)
        Abdolmajid Mihankhah masomeh rezazadeh mahmoodreza anvari
        10.30495/uf.2023.1977419.1083
        AbstractToday, continuous measurement and evaluation of changes and social consequences resulting from the activities of free industrial and commercial zones in the surrounding population centers, especially in developing countries, is an unavoidable necessity in reduci More
        AbstractToday, continuous measurement and evaluation of changes and social consequences resulting from the activities of free industrial and commercial zones in the surrounding population centers, especially in developing countries, is an unavoidable necessity in reducing negative social consequences as obstacles in realizing social stability and The security of these activities. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to evaluate the effects of commercial-industrial free zones on the development of social indicators (welfare and security) in Chabahar city. The current research is an applied research according to its purpose, a descriptive and non-experimental research according to the method of data collection, and finally, according to the method of execution, it is a survey type. In order to conduct this research, two documentary and field methods have been used to prepare information and analyze and integrate them. The data collection tool of this research is a questionnaire (made by the researcher). The dimensions and indicators examined in this research include two dimensions of security and social welfare and 13 indicators. The statistical population of this research includes the residents of the four districts of Chabahar city (106,739 people), the sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula and the number of (382) people was determined with an error of (0.05). SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The results of Spearman's correlation test showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variable (commercial-industrial free zone) and dimensions (social welfare and social security) at the 99% confidence level. The results of the regression analysis showed in a step-by-step manner that 95% of the changes in the dependent variable (social welfare and social security) are explained by the independent variable (commercial-industrial free zone). Manuscript profile
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        625 - On the Identification and Analysis of Social Security in the Target Tourism Villages (Case Study: Isfahan Province)
        Masood Safari Ali Akbari Karam Ahmadianfard Hojatollah Sadeghi Somayeh Gholamyan Hosseinabadi
        In terms of realization of sustainable tourism, substrates required that social security is the most important indices of them. Social security index causes attracting tourist and sustainability of this matter in rural villages. So, this index should greatly be establis More
        In terms of realization of sustainable tourism, substrates required that social security is the most important indices of them. Social security index causes attracting tourist and sustainability of this matter in rural villages. So, this index should greatly be established in the rural community and its necessary framework should be provide. In this research, the purpose is to identify and analyze the social security in the of tourism target villages in the Isfahan province in order to help to development of tourism by identifying the present status. The research method was descriptive-analytic based on a survey study by questionnaire. The population of this research are tourists entered the village. That due to the lack of accurate statistics in terms of the population under the study and due to limitations in terms of questioning, the number of 250 tourists were determined for the questioning. The results of the test showed that five variables including personal security, financial security, physical perimeter security, moral security and police security with the significance level 0.000 in good condition, three variables communications-transport security, health security, interaction and communication variable with significantly higher levels than 0.05 in the middle condition and two variables institutional-political security and mental-intellectual security of  tourists with a significance level less than 0.05 are in poor condition. Model review shows that social security in the tourism development is effective with amount of total effect 0.688. In total, social security explain about 45 percent of the tourism variance in target villages in Isfahan province. Manuscript profile
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        626 - Determination and Improvement of Crime Vulnerability Areas of Hematabad District in Isfahan Using Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Approach
        Homayoon Nooraie
        The aim of this research is to apply Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) approach for security improvement of Hematabad district in Isfahan as the case study. To achieve this goal, we used documentary and surveying methods for data gathering and geogra More
        The aim of this research is to apply Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) approach for security improvement of Hematabad district in Isfahan as the case study. To achieve this goal, we used documentary and surveying methods for data gathering and geographic information system (GIS), SPSS and expert choice software for data analysis and overlaying. Results indicate that Hematabad district have a lot of potential point for crime in term of CPTED approach and in terms of the principles of CPTED approach (Consists of "enhancing natural surveillance", "enhancing natural access control", "Territorial reinforcement", "Protection and maintenance of environment" and "community-based activity support"). Also, the results show overall, according to the measures of the CPTED, most of these potential points for the occurrence of crime are located in the piriphery the Hemmat Abad district in Isfahan, not in the center of the district. This is especially due to the lack of "natural surveillance capabilities", "community-based activities" and the "protection and maintenance of the environment" in these areas. Manuscript profile
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        627 - Evaluating of the influence of Islamic texture on sense of security based on second generation CPTED (Case Study: Fahadan neighborhood of Yazd city)
        Keramatollah Ziari Mohammad Sina Shahsavari Esmaeil Najafi
        Sense of security has been historically one of the basic human needs. So the aim of this study is to find out whether the second generation CPTED principles in the Islamic texture of Fahadan neighborhood have been effective in sense of security or not? In this study, in More
        Sense of security has been historically one of the basic human needs. So the aim of this study is to find out whether the second generation CPTED principles in the Islamic texture of Fahadan neighborhood have been effective in sense of security or not? In this study, indicators of community culture, connectivity, threshold capacity and social cohesion are used as second-generation CPTED principles and the sense of security is used as dependent variable. This is a survey research and was conducted through a questionnaire survey. By using probability sampling (kokran method), 364 residents living in Islamic texture of Fahadan were selected. The T-test was used to check whether there is a sense of security in this context or not. In the next step, according to the types of variables, Pearson correlation test was used. The results showed that level of Fahadan neighborhood sense of security with an average of 3.62 on the Likert scale has a suitable situation but this indicator has completely inverse relationship with second generation CPTED principles in the Islamic texture. The results in terms of analyzing sense of security according to sex showed that men, unlike women are feeling more secure in Islamic texture according to these principles. By analyzing the results, it became clear that the existing sense of security in the Islamic texture was not related to second generation CPTED principles and the cause of it should be in other fields. Manuscript profile
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        628 - Investigating Environmental Factors in Security of Urban Public Spaces Using Path Analysis Model (A Case Study: Of Shiraz City)
        Sedighe Lotfi Mohammad Sasanipor
        Security is the most fundamental need of human being and its provision is one of the preconditions to attain better spiritual life. Shiraz due to many different factors such as cultural diversity is facing serious security problems. These problems are embedded in physic More
        Security is the most fundamental need of human being and its provision is one of the preconditions to attain better spiritual life. Shiraz due to many different factors such as cultural diversity is facing serious security problems. These problems are embedded in physical, socio-economic status of the city. In this article the impacts of environmental elements on the sense of security is studied in public space. The methodology of the research is based on descriptive-analytical approach which was accompanied by conducting a field work tom complete the questionnaires and the samples were dispatched using random method which 386 samples The model of path analysis was used to determine the influential factors on the level of satisfaction in public space and by using the applied software of EQS the direct and indirect impacts of independent variables on the depended variable were analyzed. The results of research showed that the highest impact which influenced directly on depended variable belonged to informative elements such as light, gender, accessibility to transport. In general, the impact of gender and informative elements with the score of 0.311 and 0.258 showed greater influence respectively. The variables of congestion and form with sum score of 0.02 and 0.06 had the lowest influence on sense of security respectively. Therefore the structural equitation indicated that the level of sense of place could be predicted by accessing the standard score relevant to influential environmental factors on security. Manuscript profile
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        629 - Explaining the Role of Social Security in Promoting Social Health in the Informal Settlement Area (Case: Aslam Abad Area in Zanjan City)
        Mohammad Taghi Heydari Majid Hazrati
        Social security is one of the important elements of the power of civil society and serves as a complement to the survival of natural and human capital in the urban spatial development process, which emphasizes networking, trust and relationships within the community as More
        Social security is one of the important elements of the power of civil society and serves as a complement to the survival of natural and human capital in the urban spatial development process, which emphasizes networking, trust and relationships within the community as a major contributor to urban spatial development. It is considered as a key factor in the development of urban socio-spatial development. Through social empowerment, collective organization, voluntary contributions to solving collective or public problems contribute to the social well-being of the community. As social security decreases, the incidence of disease and social anomalies also increases . On the other hand, poverty also reduces social security and, consequently, social health in society. By contrast, the increase in social justice leads to a reduction in class inequality and, as a result, increased social security and increased social security through the establishment of norms for health and the control and monitoring of high-risk behaviors as well as by reducing chronic stress and its negative consequences Will have a great impact on people's health. Considering that extensive studies on social security in urban environments, especially marginalized areas and informal settlements, have been carried out, but little research has been conducted on the impact of public safety on the components of social health, especially in informal settlements. Hence, this research seeks to assess the impact of social security on the social health of inhabitants of informal urban settlements, Manuscript profile
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        630 - Site Selection Police Stations in the Marginal Settlements (Case Study: Bumehen City)
        morteza najafi Seyyed khalil seyyed Alipour Hossein Navaii
        Marginal areas are that have long-lasting characteristics in terms of physical, economic, environmental, social and cultural dimensions. These areas are automobile without planning and are generally of low security due to the presence of characteristics such as economic More
        Marginal areas are that have long-lasting characteristics in terms of physical, economic, environmental, social and cultural dimensions. These areas are automobile without planning and are generally of low security due to the presence of characteristics such as economic challenges, demographic groups, migrations, unplanned and organic tissues, and the challenges of providing security to the force. Police have created. The city of Bumehen has also been one of the areas encountered with the phenomenon of interstellar marginalization. Special features of the city of Bumehen , both from the environmental and economic and physical aspects, have caused the security of the city to be encountered by the police. Hence, the purpose of this article is to site selection Police station in the marginal settlements of the city of Bumehen , in order to locate the favorable locations for the establishment of security centers in the city of Bumehen, in view of the variables that affect the law enforcement. This is an applied-theoretical study and its method is descriptive-analytic. For this purpose, after extraction of variables by studying relevant documents and setting up a fuzzy questionnaire and using the Fuzzy Hierarchy (FAHP) method and GIS software, conceptual maps Production and integration were carried out. By laying the layers, the areas of the Bahonar Street on the north of Damavand road and the limits of Asgari Street in the south of Damavand Road were the appropriate areas for the establishment of security centers in the city of Bumehen . Manuscript profile
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        631 - Investigating the factors affecting the social functions of urban parks: Study of Javan and Madar Parks in Tonekabon
        Mehdi Abbaszadeh soorami Vahid Pouraman Hir
        AbstractIn addition to enabling the relationship between city dwellers and nature, urban parks enhance social interactions, and even affect the social functions of adjacent public spaces. Factors affecting the social functions of urban parks can be divided into two cate More
        AbstractIn addition to enabling the relationship between city dwellers and nature, urban parks enhance social interactions, and even affect the social functions of adjacent public spaces. Factors affecting the social functions of urban parks can be divided into two categories; internal features such as the size, facilities and physical characteristics of the park; and external features, i.e. the park's relationship with the surrounding public spaces. This article examines the two Tonekabon urban parks, which are markedly different in terms of these characteristics, to explain how these distinctive features affect their social functioning.This is a descriptive study and data collection was done by survey and field observation. The statistical sample includes 400 park users, which are selected exclusively from the residents of this city, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test, correlation and regression were used to analyze quantitative data. According to the findings, the higher the relationship between parks and activities in the surrounding public spaces, the higher their security and vitality. In the Javan Park, the effect of the interrelationships of the parks with the surrounding activities and public spaces on user satisfaction, and in the Madar Park, the effect of physical quality and facilities on user satisfaction is higher. Although the social functions of urban parks are influenced by various physical factors and characteristics, but parks are integral part of public spaces and activities in it, and even the effectiveness of these factors and characteristics is more influenced by the specific spatial-social context in which the functions of the park are performed. Manuscript profile
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        632 - Analysis of the Effectiveness of Women''''s Role in Different Dimensions of Sustainable Security in Rural Community, Case Study: Tabriz''''s Bagh Maroof of 24,000 People
        Sakineh Dehghan Ali Akbar Taghilo Rashid Saeed Abadi
        There are different approaches to security. One of them is the social approach. The role of women is very important in this approach. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to find out what the role of women is in creating sustainable social security in the 24,000 Vi More
        There are different approaches to security. One of them is the social approach. The role of women is very important in this approach. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to find out what the role of women is in creating sustainable social security in the 24,000 Village- Bagh Maroof-. One of the most problematic villages in East Azerbaijan is The Bagh Maroof village and therefore the study of its security is of great importance. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and women over 20 years are the statistical population. The sampling method is random and the sample size is selected by Cochran formula 353 persons. In this study, the data collection tool was a questionnaire. Structural model and Chi-square test are two methods of data analysis. From the results, in addition to reinforcing the theoretical foundations of the research, we can find the effective variables of creating a sense of security through women in the village with a chi-square statistic of 72.96 and the creation of a secure social environment by women in the Bagh Maroof rural community of 44.91 whit a significant level of Zero noted that it had the most and strongest direct relationship with other components of village security. Manuscript profile
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        633 - Evaluation of Effective Factors in Environmental Security of Traditional Neighborhoods from the Perspective of users with the CPTED Approach (Case Study: Faizabad Neighborhood of Kermanshah City)
        Hassan sajadzadeh mohammad motaghed Rezvan yarhaghi Somayeh Mozafari
        Introduction: Preventing crime and establishing security through environmental design in human settlements has always been of great importance throughout history.Research Aim: The basis of this research is based on the inference and extraction of environmental design in More
        Introduction: Preventing crime and establishing security through environmental design in human settlements has always been of great importance throughout history.Research Aim: The basis of this research is based on the inference and extraction of environmental design indicators and factors that have played an effective role in establishing security in the past neighborhoods, which deals with the application of these factors and experiences in establishing environmental security in new settlements.Methodology: The present research has been used descriptive-analytical method to infer and evaluate environmental security indicators in neighborhoods and traditional settlements. Then, by using the questionnaire tool (360 numbers) and analyzing it through SPSS software, through t-test and factor analysis, the data has been deduced and analyzed. Also, in order to analyze the role of spatial links in establishing security, Depth Map software has been used, as well as comparative tests and correlation matrix coefficients to check the relationship between the components of the variables.Studied Areas: The sample under study is one of the most important traditional and luxury neighborhoods of Kermanshah, named Faiz Abad neighborhood. This neighborhood is one of the old neighborhoods that was formed around the historical center of the city and dates back to more than a hundred years ago.Results: The findings of the research show that the most important environmental design factors affecting the improvement of security in human settlements in traditional localities are: functional, physical quality and the amount of spatial links in these types of tissues, which pay attention to the physical and functional diversity in Urban neighborhoods play a greater role in the security of urban neighborhoods.Conclusion: The results of the research show that among the indicators of physical-functional factors, the mixed use of spaces with mixed uses and entrances to the fabric of neighborhoods, and among the indicators of spatial connection factors, tissue ossification and density in the tissue have the highest priority over others. The indicators in environmental security are from the perspective of residents in this neighborhood. Manuscript profile
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        634 - Determining the Environmental Factors Influencing Increase Social Security in the Residential Complexes in Rasht
        Sobhan roshanfekr jourshari Nasrollah Molaei Hashjin
        Introduction: Providing security for human beings has long been one of the most essential needs of life, so that other abilities flourish in light of it. It can be considered as the basis of progress and development in societies. Given the expansion of population in cit More
        Introduction: Providing security for human beings has long been one of the most essential needs of life, so that other abilities flourish in light of it. It can be considered as the basis of progress and development in societies. Given the expansion of population in cities, consequently, due to migration from rural areas to cities, the need to provide adequate and safe housing and security has become a priority. Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining the effective environmental factors of security based on previous valid theories and cultural researches of the region. Methodology: The present study was conducted by using qualitative and quantitative methods. It was conducted in residential complexes of Rasht city. A total number of 384 people were studied in this study. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire and they were analyzed in SPSS software. Finally, confirmatory factor analysis was done on them. Geographical scope of the research: The present study was carried out in selected residential complexes in Rasht (Azadegan and Pardisan), which is the most populous province in the north of Iran and is the center of Gilan province. Discussion: The results showed that five factors of monitoring, physical security, territoriality, fear of crime, and management and maintenance, respectively, had the highest impact on environmental security in the studied residential complexes in Rasht. Results: Based on the Friedman test and the rank of each variable, it can be stated that monitoring with 3.61, physical security with 3.23, territoriality with 2.84, fear of crime with 2.83, and management and maintenance with 2.50, respectively, obtained the highest score from the respondents. Finally, based on the obtained results, it can be stated that the extracted environmental factors are effective in promoting security in the studied residential complex. Manuscript profile
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        635 - Evaluation of physical-spatial criteria in order to increase the social security level of urban neighborhoods (Case study: Mehrshahr Faz1)
        Daryoush Ardalan arash vahid marzieh ebrahimipoor jalal sabzi
        Introduction: Physical perception has a significant impact on the desirability or undesirability of an urban space. Urban space has the most connection with people and living environment, and as a result, it plays a significant role in giving identity and feeling of pea More
        Introduction: Physical perception has a significant impact on the desirability or undesirability of an urban space. Urban space has the most connection with people and living environment, and as a result, it plays a significant role in giving identity and feeling of peace to citizens. The appearance of urban environments and security factors also influence people and their activities and space users as a stimulus.The purpose of the research: The purpose of this research is to explain the physical-spatial criteria of urban neighborhoods in order to increase the level of social security in the phase of Mehrshahr.Research method: The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of its nature, it is part of descriptive research with survey method. The method of collecting information was a questionnaire. For the statistical analysis in the inferential statistics section of the research, all the analyzes were done using the structural equation technique and LISREL and SPSS software on 390 healthy questionnaires.The geographical scope of the research: The statistical population of the research includes the citizens of Mehrshahr, Karaj.Discussion and findings: The research showed the effect of scale (0.42), congestion (0.52), space form (0.38), information element (0.59), visual pollution (0.28), lighting (0.55), environmental pollution (0.61), Noise pollution (0.49), permeability quality (0.33), access to public transportation (0.70), quality of activities and land use (0.52) and quality of residence (0.68) have an effect on social security.Results: The policies and actions carried out in the research showed that although in urban planning research, the city is categorized by different dimensions, but the actions of one dimension of the city have an impact on the other dimension of the city and this is beyond the will of the managers and urban planners. Therefore, by carefully examining the side effects of each action in the field of urban development, it is possible to increase their positive effects in different dimensions of these settlements. Manuscript profile
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        636 - Desirability assessment of factors affecting the feeling of security in historical contexts and providing appropriate solutions (Case study: Zartoshtian neighborhood of Kerman city)
        Zahra Rezaei Estabragh Hossein Zabihi Reza Ahmadian
        Introduction: The historical fabric of the cities are part of the national and cultural capital of the country, which are valuable not only in terms of aesthetics, continuity of collective memories and giving identity to our cities, The purpose of the research: The main More
        Introduction: The historical fabric of the cities are part of the national and cultural capital of the country, which are valuable not only in terms of aesthetics, continuity of collective memories and giving identity to our cities, The purpose of the research: The main purpose of the present research is to investigate the explanation of factors affecting the improvement of security in the historical context of Zartoshtian neighborhood of Kerman.Research methodology: This research is part of applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical research in terms of method. The data was collected through a questionnaire with four main indicators and 23 items through the review of valid research documents, and the sample size was calculated as 120 people based on Cochran's formula. To analyze the findings from field studies, sample t-test and factor analysis methods were used in ssps software.The geographical scope of the research: The Zartoshtian neighborhood in Kerman is the study center of the current research, which is the central part of the city, which is the old context, is located in the west of this city.Findings and discussion: The results obtained from the t-test show that the highest general satisfaction from the citizens is related to the monitoring component with an average of 3.53. Also, the access component has the least satisfaction with a total average score of 2.99 (below the average of 3); In the other two components of the research, physical-spatial and social-behavioral, average ratings were also obtained and the average of these components was 3.08 and 3.35, respectively. Also, in this research, four factors with eigenvalues higher than one were extracted, the first factor with an eigenvalue of 4.827, alone includes 21% of the variance of the variables and has the most impact among the four effective factors. After that, the second factor with a specific value of 3.361 and 15% of the variance, the third factor with a specific value of 2.668 and 11% of the variance, and the fourth factor with a value of 1.923 and 8.360% of the total variance.Results: In general, according to the results obtained, we find that the public spaces of Zartoshtian neighborhood do not have a high level of security; Therefore in this research, by providing solutions and suggestions, we can provide the necessary background and platform to establish and improve security in the historical context of Zartoshtian neighborhood. Manuscript profile
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        637 - The Role and function of mass media in the sense of social security of citizens in Tehran
        Mehrdad Matani Naghi Gholizadeh Ali Fallah Ehtesham Rashidi
        The purpose of this research The Role of mass media in the sense of social security of citizens in Tehran . The study population consisted of all citizens over 18 years old in Tehran Which uses a Kerjeisi & Morgan sample size table, were 384 citizens were selected b More
        The purpose of this research The Role of mass media in the sense of social security of citizens in Tehran . The study population consisted of all citizens over 18 years old in Tehran Which uses a Kerjeisi & Morgan sample size table, were 384 citizens were selected by random sampling Applied research method is used in this survey. A researcher-made questionnaire was user to collect the required data. . In order to validate the instrument, appropriate questions related to each variable were extracted from valid sources and finally approved by authorities. In order to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to be 84%.And to test the hypotheses, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression was used, The results of the research showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between the use of television and social security feeling (p Manuscript profile
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        638 - Studying and determining the trust, security, ease of use and perceived usefulness in accepting Internet banking
        Somayeh Purbabadi mohamad tamimi
        Today, bank customers are able to use their Internet and Internet technology to finance their activities in a virtual environment called Internet Banking. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective factors in accepting Internet banking, which was done in A More
        Today, bank customers are able to use their Internet and Internet technology to finance their activities in a virtual environment called Internet Banking. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective factors in accepting Internet banking, which was done in Ahwaz. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of its nature, it is descriptive in the category of research. The statistical population of the research consisted of clients using internet banking services in Ahwaz. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The sample size with the Morgan table for an unlimited society is at least 384 people. Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. In order to verify the reliability of the questionnaire, a pre-test sample of 30 questionnaires was first tested. Then using the data obtained from these questionnaires and using SPSS software, the confidence coefficient was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method for this tool. The results showed that the perceived security factor does not have a positive and significant effect on the adoption of Internet banking, but trust factors, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on Internet banking acceptance have a positive and significant effect on the 95% level. Manuscript profile
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        639 - Investigating the Role of Defenseless Spaces in Violent Behaviors of Tehran in 1396
        Yaser Shaikhvaisi Habiballh Saboori Khosroshahi Rezaali Mohseni
        Considering the importance of preventing the occurrence of violent behaviors in Tehran, in particular, theft, strife, conflict, hacking and harassment against citizens, and investigating the factors affecting the increase in violence behavior, this study aimed to invest More
        Considering the importance of preventing the occurrence of violent behaviors in Tehran, in particular, theft, strife, conflict, hacking and harassment against citizens, and investigating the factors affecting the increase in violence behavior, this study aimed to investigate the physical role of defenseless urban spaces in behaviors Violent in Tehran.In this research, the hybrid method has been used. In order to achieve violent behaviors and their occurrence, secondary analysis method has been used. For recognition of defenseless spaces and causes of differences in the type of violent behaviors, participatory observation in the amount and for analyzing the information of analytical methods and A few statistics have been used. Also, in this research, 114 mass crimes in Tehran are considered as study areas.As a result of the research, it can be said that physical factors have a significant role in predisposing spaces for the occurrence of casualties, conflicts, involvement, theft, and harassment as the four most important types of violent behaviors. Also, the physical characteristics of urban defenseless spaces in the occurrence of violent behaviors are ranked first and ranked first in the theft, in the second place on the victory in Kiev, in the third place in conflict and conflict, and in the last rank affect the harassment. Manuscript profile
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        640 - Investigating Social Factors Affecting Security
        leila oshage khosroshahi mehrdad navabakhsh hashemzehi nowroz Abraham Mottaghti
        The results indicate that the variables that have a direct and positive impact on security are: social capital and social participation and social trust and responsibility, which provide a sense of security. Related theories are that the sense of security is one of the More
        The results indicate that the variables that have a direct and positive impact on security are: social capital and social participation and social trust and responsibility, which provide a sense of security. Related theories are that the sense of security is one of the most important issues that human beings try to stabilize their continuity, identity, personality and interests in social, material, cultural environments, Peace can be created by the individual and by the state and the sovereignty.From the results of this study, variables of social participation, social trust, capital and social responsibility have a direct relationship with the feeling of social security, but the relation of social control variable with weak feeling of social security was weak and in this regard the main hypothesis of the research was not confirmed. Manuscript profile
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        641 - Dehydration and feeling of social security Case study: Farmers living in Fahlian and Kharameh plains of Fars province
        mohamad reza arjomandmazidi
        The subject of this article is the sociological investigation of the relationship between the reduction of water resources and the sense of social security of farmers. The statistical population is the farmers of Fars province. Iran is located in an arid and semi-arid c More
        The subject of this article is the sociological investigation of the relationship between the reduction of water resources and the sense of social security of farmers. The statistical population is the farmers of Fars province. Iran is located in an arid and semi-arid climate (average rainfall 248 mm). And the amount of rainfall in Iran is less than one third of the world average. The agricultural sector is the main cause of water loss, because more than 90% of water is used in this sector. Fars province, with an area of 122,199 square kilometers, occupies 7.5% of the total area of the country, and in this respect, it is in the fourth place among the provinces of the country. According to the general population and housing census of 2015, the population of this province was 4,851,274 people, which is 6.07% of the total population of the country. Due to its large size, topography, proximity to the Persian Gulf in the southern regions, and proximity to the desert in the northeastern regions, Fars province has a diverse climate. Manuscript profile
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        642 - The relationship between social participation and sense of social security (Case study: city of Kashan)
        محسن نیازی عباس بحری پور
        Social security is one of the most important measures in order to preserve the life of the community groups that represent the government's exclusive power to take a shower and the creation of opportunities for enjoyment of various social groups and facilities in order More
        Social security is one of the most important measures in order to preserve the life of the community groups that represent the government's exclusive power to take a shower and the creation of opportunities for enjoyment of various social groups and facilities in order to achieve their functional goals, which introduced. The overall objective of this paper examines the relationship between social participation and a sense of social safety net citizens. Research survey using questionnaires, in Kashan city residents 18 and older, was conducted in 1391. In this research, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used and Sample size is 362 Given that the sample of 400 questionnaires distributed, only 359 of whom were present to answer that the required information was extracted from. The most important results of the test showed that the relationship between variables that network citizen participation has an impact on social security. The result, the higher the degree of community participation in the formal and the greater community as much as the greater sense of security.   Manuscript profile
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        643 - The relationship between religiosity and social security among young people (case study: Youth 18 to 29 years in Kermanshah)
        شهرام فتاحی طیبه زارعی جعفر احمدپور پرویزیان پروانه امیری
        Social Security is felt due to the nature and content, is considered one of the main assumptions of the development of societies, One could have consequences in all areas and at different levels, economic, social, cultural and political communities be seen to be fully t More
        Social Security is felt due to the nature and content, is considered one of the main assumptions of the development of societies, One could have consequences in all areas and at different levels, economic, social, cultural and political communities be seen to be fully transparent. This study aimed to investigate the influence of religion on social security in the city of Kermanshah among young people, in terms of the goal of a functional review, extensive in scope, in terms of the scope and reason in terms of time is a cross-sectional study. The research method for this study using the technique of field survey and data collection questionnaire. The study sample of all youth 18 to 29 years in Kermanshah that 384 of them were selected as sample. This study is based on theories of Comte, Durkheim, Tocqueville, Malinowski, Giddens and Glock and Stark for relations between the different dimensions of religiosity and its outcomes, beliefs, rituals and experimental as independent variables and Social Security as the dependent variable Are. The findings suggest that positive associations between the independent variables and the dependent variable, and there is a significant place.  Manuscript profile
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        644 - .
        محمود یعقوبی دوست آمنه فتحعلی پور
        .
        . Manuscript profile
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        645 - Identifying the social factors influencing on populations tendency toward their communities (case study: contexts, southern and northen Tehran, 2012)
        سیدرضا معینی تکتم هادی زاده
        Since consideration of sustainable urban development is located. Due to the importance of sustainable development in urban areas , the trends of population living in urban neighborhoods affected by social factors have been examined in this study . The fundamental questi More
        Since consideration of sustainable urban development is located. Due to the importance of sustainable development in urban areas , the trends of population living in urban neighborhoods affected by social factors have been examined in this study . The fundamental question "What social factors contribute to population trends Neighborhood” The main problem in this research. Neighborhoods tend to feel a sense of belonging and solidarity based on considered as the dependent variable and in conjunction with other variables (independent variables) were measured. Thus, orientation and sense of social factors that have been hypothesized variables, lifestyle, social and social security. It is assumed that each of the above variables in the Roth with a sense of orientation and choosing a neighborhood’s residents have been involved as a residence . To test the hypotheses of the study and a library methods and then survey questionnaire was used. Measurements are selected . The results and findings show that the most relevant and significant correlation between lifestyle and social status of people with a sense of location and orientation. Also, comparison of the two groups revealed significant differences in terms of lifestyle, social security, social status and sense of belonging to the local show.  Manuscript profile
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        646 - تحلیل امنیت غذایی خانوارها: مطالعه صیفی‌کاران شهرستان شوشتر، استان خوزستان، ایران
        آزاده نوراله نوری وندی
        هدف از انجام این پژوهش تحلیل امنیت غذایی خانوارها و شناسایی ویژگی‌های اقتصادی- اجتماعی مرتبط با آن در بین صیفی‌کاران شهرستان شوشتر، استان خوزستان در ایران بوده است. این پیمایش مقطعی در فاصله زمانی شهریور 1394 تا بهمن 1395 به طول انجامیده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق صیفی کارا More
        هدف از انجام این پژوهش تحلیل امنیت غذایی خانوارها و شناسایی ویژگی‌های اقتصادی- اجتماعی مرتبط با آن در بین صیفی‌کاران شهرستان شوشتر، استان خوزستان در ایران بوده است. این پیمایش مقطعی در فاصله زمانی شهریور 1394 تا بهمن 1395 به طول انجامیده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق صیفی کاران شهرستان شوشتر به تعداد 850 نفر بوده است که براساس جدول مورگان 150 نفر به عنوان جامعه آماری در نظر گرفته شدند. برای ارزیابی سطح امنیت غذایی از پرسشنامه 18 سؤالی USDA در طول 12 ماه، استفاده شده است. مقیاس امنیت غذایی در پاسخ به پرسش  Q2تا  Q16براساس (18 سوال) محاسبه می‌شود. این مقیاس شامل هر دو جنبه کمی و کیفی عرضه مواد غذایی خانوار و همچنین پاسخ روانی و رفتاری اعضای خانواده می‌باشد. براساس نتایج حاصل بیش از نیمی از افراد (67/52%) در ناامنی غذایی به سر می‌بردند. تحلیل همبستگی بین متغیرها نشان داد که بین درآمد، سطح تحصیلات، فعالیت‌های آموزشی و ترویجی، مشارکت اجتماعی، دانش فنی و امنیت غذایی رابطه معنی­داری به دست آمد. همچنین نتایج رگرسیون نشان داد که متغیرهای درآمد، سطح تحصیلات، فعالیت‌های آموزشی و ترویجی، مشارکت اجتماعی، دانش فنی 43/75 درصد تغییرات متغیر امنیت غذایی را تبیین می‌کنند. Manuscript profile
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        647 - پیش بینی سطوح امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی بر مبنای عوامل اقتصادی ـ اجتماعی : مورد مطالعه شهرستان نهاوند
        سعدی فتح الهی گلام بحری حسین شعبانعلی فمی علی اسدی
        نقش تغذیه در سلامت، افزایش کارایی و ارتباط آن با توسعه اقتصادی، طی تحقیقات گسترده در سطح جهانی با مبانی علمی و شواهد تجربی مورد تایید قرار گرفته است. بنابراین دسترسی به امنیت غذایی از محورهای اساسی توسعه است. از این رو هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش عوامل اقتصادی ـ اجتم More
        نقش تغذیه در سلامت، افزایش کارایی و ارتباط آن با توسعه اقتصادی، طی تحقیقات گسترده در سطح جهانی با مبانی علمی و شواهد تجربی مورد تایید قرار گرفته است. بنابراین دسترسی به امنیت غذایی از محورهای اساسی توسعه است. از این رو هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش عوامل اقتصادی ـ اجتماعی مؤثر بر امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی در شهرستان نهاوند می­باشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل 26599 خانوار روستایی شهرستان نهاوند بود که تعداد 255 نفر با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و روش نمونه­گیری طبقه‏ای، به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی پژوهش پرسشنامه‏ای بود که روایی آن توسط اعضای هیئت علمی گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران و پایایی آن توسط ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‏ها در دو بخش آمار توصیفی و استنباطی با استفاده از نرم افزارSPSSwin21 انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از آزمون F نشان داد که بین سطوح مختلف درآمد خانوار از نظر سطح ناامنی غذایی اختلاف معنی­دار آماری در سطح یک درصد وجود دارد. هم­چنین نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون لجیت (پروبیت) حاکی از آن است که متغیرهای توان تصمیم­گیری و آگاهی تغذیه­ای سرپرست خانوار و درآمد خانوار بیشترین تاثیر را بر روی میزان امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی داشته­اند. Manuscript profile
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        648 - کشاورزی چندکارکردی: بازآفرینی کشاورزی به عنوان پارادیمی نوین در توسعه کشاورزی و روستایی
        Hajar Eftekhari Vahid Shadparvar
        در دهه گذشته، کشاورزی چندکارکردی به­عنوان یک مفهوم کلیدی در علم و بحث­های سیاسی در مورد آینده کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی ظهور یافته است. به­طور کلی،MFA  اشاره به این واقعیت دارد که فعالیت­های کشاورزی علاوه بر کارکرد اصلی تولید اولیه و حمایت از معیشت رو More
        در دهه گذشته، کشاورزی چندکارکردی به­عنوان یک مفهوم کلیدی در علم و بحث­های سیاسی در مورد آینده کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی ظهور یافته است. به­طور کلی،MFA  اشاره به این واقعیت دارد که فعالیت­های کشاورزی علاوه بر کارکرد اصلی تولید اولیه و حمایت از معیشت روستایی، مزایای دیگری نیز برای محیط زیست مانند حفظ منابع آب و خاک و افزایش امنیت غذایی به­شمار می­رود. این مقاله به بررسی سودمندی MFA به­عنوان یک مفهوم و مسیر توسعه کشاورزی از یک دیدگاه یکپارچه در چارچوب توسعه پایدار می­پردازد. در عین حال، سعی خواهد کرد تا تمایز مفهوم کشاورزی چندمنظوره و کشاورزی متداول به رویکردهای توسعه پایدار را روشن کند. Manuscript profile
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        649 - الزمات ایجاد سازمان های نوآورروستایی به منظور بهبود امنیت غذایی از دیدگاه شالیکاران
        مریم زمانی علایی سید جمال فرج اله حسینی سیدمهدی میردامادی فرهاد لشگرآرا
        سازمان های تولیدی نوآور روستایی با فراهم آوردن مجموعه منظمی از خدمات قادر خواهند بود درآمد کشاورزان را افزایش داده و امنیت غذایی را بهبود ببخشند. هدف کلی این تحقیق یافتن مجموعه الزاماتی است که برای ایجاد نهادهای نوآور روستایی در جهت بهبود امنیت غذایی از دیدگاه شالیکاران More
        سازمان های تولیدی نوآور روستایی با فراهم آوردن مجموعه منظمی از خدمات قادر خواهند بود درآمد کشاورزان را افزایش داده و امنیت غذایی را بهبود ببخشند. هدف کلی این تحقیق یافتن مجموعه الزاماتی است که برای ایجاد نهادهای نوآور روستایی در جهت بهبود امنیت غذایی از دیدگاه شالیکاران حائز اهمیت می باشد. از اینرو اهداف اختصاصی عبارتند از: شناسایی الزامات اقتصادی، اجتماعی-فرهنگی، زیرساختی، سیاست گذاری، آموزشی، فنی، در ایجاد نهادهای نوآور روستایی به منظور بهبود امنیت غذایی شالیکاران در استان مازندران. جامعه آماری تحقیق متشکل از 113141 نفر از شالیکاران استان مازندران است که 216 نفر از آن ها با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی خوشه ای به عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب شدند. در این پژوهش در قسمت کیفی از روش دلفی برای تجزیه و تحلیل استفاده شده است که طی سه مرحله توزیع پرسشنامه و مصاحبه نیمه عمیق با متخصصان و کارشناسان برنج برای هر یک از الزامات گویه هایی اضافه و حذف گردید و در  نهایت جدول مربوط به گویه هایی که بیشترین امتیاز(70% به بالا) را آوردند استخراج گردید. برای قسمت کمی از روش تجزیه و تحلیل بیزی استفاده شد که در این تحلیل الزامات اقتصادی بیشترین تاثیر را در ایجاد نهادهای نوآور روستایی به منظور بهبود امنیت غذایی شالیکاران داشته اند و بعد از الزامات اقتصادی به ترتیب الزامات اجتماعی-فرهنگی، سیاسی، زیرساختی، آموزشی و فنی بیشترین میزان تاثیر را داشتند. Manuscript profile
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        650 - ارتباط دوگانگی جغرافیای بازار کار، امنیت غذایی و سلامت عمومی در مناطق روستایی
        پروانه خسروی حسین آگهی شهپر گراوندی
        در مطالعه حاضر سعی شد به بررسی این مطلب پرداخته شود که آیا دوگانگی جغرافیایی می­تواند به افزایش درآمد و به تبع امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی منجر شود و دیگر این­که این پدیده چه تاثیری می­تواند بر سلامت عمومی سرپرستان خانوارهای روستایی بگذارد. به­منظور دس More
        در مطالعه حاضر سعی شد به بررسی این مطلب پرداخته شود که آیا دوگانگی جغرافیایی می­تواند به افزایش درآمد و به تبع امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی منجر شود و دیگر این­که این پدیده چه تاثیری می­تواند بر سلامت عمومی سرپرستان خانوارهای روستایی بگذارد. به­منظور دستیابی به این اهداف، از مطالعه مقایسه­ای و روش توصیفی پیمایشی مقطعی بهره گرفته شد. جامعه آماری شامل سرپرستان خانوارهای روستایی ساکن در دهستان ماهیدشت استان کرمانشاه بودند که تعداد 283 نفر از آن­ها به روش نمونه­گیری سیستماتیک انتخاب و مورد مصاحبه قرار گرفتند. به منظور سنجش متغیرهای امنیت غذایی و سلامت عمومی به ترتیب از پرسشنامه­های استاندارد HFSSM-18وGHQ-28 استفاده شد. روایی و پایایی ابزار تحقیق با استفاده از پانل متخصصان و آلفای کرونباخ تایید شد. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از نرم افزار های SPSS 16 و AMOS بهره گرفته شد. بر طبق نتایج، دوگانگی جغرافیایی بازار کار می­تواند به طور معناداری بر افزایش درآمد سرپرست خانوارها تاثیر بگذارد. بررسی دقیق تر این یافته نشان داد رابطه معکوسی بین سلامت عمومی سرپرستان دارای دوگانگی جغرافیایی بازار کار با درآمد حاصل از بازار کار ثانویه وجود دارد؛ چرا که دوگانگی جغرافیایی بازار کار می­تواند منجر به افسردگی شدید، اضطراب و بی­خوابی، اختلال عملکرد اجتماعی در آنان شود. در پایان مقاله نیز پیشنهادهایی برای مسئولان محلی، برنامه ریزان و سیاستمداران ارائه شد. Manuscript profile
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        651 - بررسی مداخلات موثر بر توسعه تولید کشاورزی حساس به تغذیه توسط فرایند تحلیل شبکه ای
        مریم مورج حسین شعبانعلی فمی ژیلا دانشور عامری علی اسدی
        تغذیه  هم به­عنوان ورودی و هم نتیجه توسعه پایدار شناخته می­شود،  جایی که تولید کشاورزی نیز نقش غیرقابل انکاری ایفا می­کند. استان البرز به عنوان یکی از استان‌های بزرگ ایران، با مشکلات متعددی مواجه می­باشد که طی سال‌های گذشته بر امنیت غذایی آن تأ More
        تغذیه  هم به­عنوان ورودی و هم نتیجه توسعه پایدار شناخته می­شود،  جایی که تولید کشاورزی نیز نقش غیرقابل انکاری ایفا می­کند. استان البرز به عنوان یکی از استان‌های بزرگ ایران، با مشکلات متعددی مواجه می­باشد که طی سال‌های گذشته بر امنیت غذایی آن تأثیر منفی گذاشته است،.به­طوری که اجرای کشاورزی حساس به تغذیه برای رفع این مشکلات ضروری تلقی می­شود. پژوهش حاضر به بررسی مداخلات مؤثر بر اجرای تولید محصولات کشاورزی حساس به تغذیه در استان البرز بر اساس تحلیل تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره (MCDM) برای اولویت‌بندی این مداخلات و همچنین شناسایی بهترین استراتژی اجرایی برای پیگیری در منطقه پرداخته است. به منظور دستیابی به این اهداف، با استفاده از فرآیند شبکه تحلیلی (ANP)بر اساس مطالعات کتابخانه­ای و اسنادی و مصاحبه با کارشناسان و مراجع، ساختار مدل ANP تدوین شده و مقایسه­های زوجی صورت گرفته است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که مهم‌ترین عامل مداخله گر، در ابتدا "تولید درآمد برای تغذیه" و پس از آن "جابجایی، ذخیره‌سازی و فرآوری حساس به تغذیه پس از برداشت" ، می­باشد. تصمیم­گیران و مسئولان این استان، باید در اجرای کشاورزی حساس به تغذیه، به این جنبه­ها توجه بیشتری داشته باشند. همچنین، استراتژی پیاده­سازی بلندمدت (6 تا 20 سال) جایگزین بهتری برای هدف­گذاری و برنامه­ریزی تصمیم­گیران و مقامات است. Manuscript profile
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        652 - Securing social media: interaction with celebrities as a strategy for preventing dysfunctional behavior of online users
        Amirhossein Zarandouz Zahra Alipour darvishi Zohreh Dehdashti Shahrokh Mohammd Haghighi
        Abstract Background and purpose: In recent years, social media have made profound changes in the behavior of users. Along with the normal behavior in this type of media, misbehavior is happening and the management of such behavior has become a challenge. Therefore, the More
        Abstract Background and purpose: In recent years, social media have made profound changes in the behavior of users. Along with the normal behavior in this type of media, misbehavior is happening and the management of such behavior has become a challenge. Therefore, the aim of this research is how governance systems can use the capacity of the famous to manage this space. Research method: This research was conducted with the foundation data approach. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 13 social media experts until theoretical saturation. Maxwell's 5-factor framework was used for the validity and reliability of the measurement tool. Findings: The coding process was done in 5 sections and 8 main categories. The category of antecedents includes sociological and psychological factors, post-futures include individual, interpersonal and social factors, context includes social media, and conditions include interaction with people, and conditions include environmental considerations. Conclusion: The results indicate that the most important propositions in controlling misbehavior by namesakes are educational interaction, increasing the threshold of tolerance, public security, social capital, and national cohesion, which need to be paid attention to it.   Manuscript profile
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        653 - Investigating the Intellectual Capital and Job Security of Employees and their Role in Reducing Organizational Evasion
        Mahdi Ariamanesh Mitra Sadoughi
        10.30495/msds.2023.1983686.1135
        The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between intellectual capital and job security with organizational avoidance of the employees of the Department of Education in Behnmir. The purpose of this research was in the field of applie More
        The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between intellectual capital and job security with organizational avoidance of the employees of the Department of Education in Behnmir. The purpose of this research was in the field of applied research and, in terms of the research method, it was correlational. The statistical population of the employees of Behnmir city education department was 211 people, and 136 people were selected as a statistical sample with the help of simple random sampling method. The data collection tools were the standard job security questionnaires of Nissi et al. (2009), Bontis's intellectual capital (1998) and Karol's organizational avoidance (2000). In order to confirm the validity of the research tools, face and content validity were used and the validity of the questionnaires was assessed as good. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the research tools, which was confirmed. The method of data analysis was using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient method and regression test using SPSS software. The findings of the research indicated that there is a negative and significant relationship between the dimensions of intellectual capital (human, structural and relational) and job security with organizational avoidance of employees. The results showed that structural capital, communication capital, job security and human capital respectively have the highest predicting power of the organizational avoidance criterion variable. Manuscript profile
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        654 - Identifying the common threats and vulnerabilities in the Internet of Things (IoT) and offering security policies for confronting them
        safiyeh tahmasebi limooni Shahrzad Ghasemi Roghayeh Ghorbanloo
        Objective: the objective of this research is to identify the common threats and vulnerabilities in IoT and offering security policies to cope with them. Methods: the methodology of this research is applied based on its objective, and descriptive-surveying based on data More
        Objective: the objective of this research is to identify the common threats and vulnerabilities in IoT and offering security policies to cope with them. Methods: the methodology of this research is applied based on its objective, and descriptive-surveying based on data collection. The statistical population includes all exerts and professors of IoT in universities of Tehran with 50 members. The sampling method was convenience non-random. The sample volume detected was similar to the statistical population. The research tool was the researcher-made questionnaire from the systematic study of thematic literature. The validity of the questionnaires was obtained by referring to the experts of the IoT field. The reliability of the tool was 0.88 using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS software. Results: Although various standards have been developed in the field of security and confidentiality in IoT, the security needs of IoT and even its risks have not been still identified and analyzed. In addition, it needs confidentiality mechanisms, accuracy, authentication, and access control precisely. According to the findings of the tests of this research, vulnerabilities can be classified and cited in 21 groups. Conclusion: the results of tests show that various experts based on their landscapes and activity fields determined a varied set of security policies to cope with Internet threats in the IoT field. However, the most important security policies against the security threats in IoT include mutual and efficient authentication, access control, secure architecture configuration, encryption of communications and data, chronology, and monitoring by concluding the provided ideas. Manuscript profile
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        655 - Evaluating the social security promotion model by Foundation of Iranian Public libraries
        Shahnaz Mosayebzadeh Zohreh Mirhosseini Zahra Abazari nadjla hariri
        Objective: The purpose of this study was to present a model for promoting social security factors, according to the experts’ views and test the fitness of the model by librarians ‘views of Iranian public libraries Foundation through proper statistical indica More
        Objective: The purpose of this study was to present a model for promoting social security factors, according to the experts’ views and test the fitness of the model by librarians ‘views of Iranian public libraries Foundation through proper statistical indicators. Method: The type of research was applied by purpose and the method used was analytical survey. The study population consisted of the managers of the Foundation of Iranian public libraries and the experts of its general administrations in provinces for them, the sample size was determined 428 people. The research tool was a questionnaire used by Mosayebzadeh, Mirhosseini, Abazari, Hariri (2019) which was confirmed by 50 experts in the field of Librarianship and social security using Delphi technique, which also confirms the validity of the questionnaire. Questionnaire reliability was calculated through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 89%. Finally, the importance of effective factors was studied using structural equation modeling (SEM). Amos software was used to analyze the data. Results: In final model, according to the head of libraries and experts ‘views, the affecting factors consisted of 4 main factors: Social security and capital, Cultural and social activities, leisure time enrichment, promote reading which were confirmed by testing the above hypothesis and can have significant impact on Social security. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that public libraries can take effective steps as social institutions to promote social security. The identified components and subcomponents of this study can be used by public library managers and practitioners as a planning tool to promote social security. Manuscript profile
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        656 - Behavioral factors affecting organizational identity (Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Organization of Tehran Province)
        Elham Mohammadesmaeily amirmohsen madani Marzieh Mohammadi Abbas Ali ghaiyoomi
        This research was conducted in order to investigate the behavioral factors affecting the promotion of the organizational identity of the Organization of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Tehran Province. The research method used in this study is descriptive More
        This research was conducted in order to investigate the behavioral factors affecting the promotion of the organizational identity of the Organization of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Tehran Province. The research method used in this study is descriptive and correlational in terms of its applied purpose, quantitative in terms of data type, and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research consists of all employees of the Organization of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Tehran Province, whose number is about 2500 people. The sampling method in this research is a simple sampling method.From the mentioned statistical population, according to the sampling criteria (based on the sampling method listed in Morgan's table), 308 people were selected as the research sample, and then using a researcher-made questionnaire in four dimensions and 32 items, adjusted according to a five-point Likert scale. , and the extracted items have been questioned in the statistical sample of the research. In the descriptive statistics section, the description of the data is presented in two sections, background variables and main variables, and in the inferential statistics section, in order to check the hypotheses from the K-test Square (Chi-square) has been used. According to the research data, it can be said that there is a positive and significant relationship between the behavioral factors of organizational justice, job satisfaction, job security and organizational health and the organizational identity of the Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Organization of the province. . Manuscript profile
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        657 - طراحی مدل امنیت فرهنگی کشور در شبکه‌های اجتماعی مجازی با تاکید بر رسانه‌های اجتماعی
        مهدی سالم اسماعیل کاوسی اکبر اعتباریان
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        658 - نقش رهبری تحولی در امنیت شغلی و خستگی عاطفی با میانجی‏گری توانمندسازی روان‏شناختی در کارکنان سازمان صدا و سیما
        محمدرضا اردلان سعید نوراللهی
        Manuscript profile
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        659 - حفظ امنیت فرهنگی در ایران با ارائه الگوی پدافند غیرعامل
        راشد جعفرپور سوسن علائی عباسعلی قیومی
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        660 - بررسی رابطه امنیت شغلی با اثربخشی فعالیت‌های فرهنگی در حوزه هنری
        ایراندخت روشنی
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        661 - شناسایی و تحلیل عوامل اثر گذار بر نقش آفرینی نیروی انتظامی در رویدادهای ورزشی مبتنی بر روش الکتره
        حجت الله ابوالفتحی شهاب بهرامی بهرام یوسفی حسین عیدی
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        662 - Impact of Spiritual Leadership and Social Security feeling on Empowerment of Female Managers in Tehran Municipality Sport Complexes
        elahe abdolmajid faride sharifi far
           Impact of Spiritual Leadership and Social Security feeling on Empowerment of Female Managers in Tehran Municipality Sport Complexes AbstractThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of spiritual leadership and social More
           Impact of Spiritual Leadership and Social Security feeling on Empowerment of Female Managers in Tehran Municipality Sport Complexes AbstractThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of spiritual leadership and social security feeling on the empowerment of female managers in Tehran municipalitysport complexes. This research is an applied purpose; descriptive-correlative research. The statistical population is all female managers of Tehran municipalitysport complexes. 101 of them were selected by simple random sampling.The FERI Spiritual Leadership Questionnaire (2005); Spritzer Empowerment Questionnaire (1995) and the Maleki Social Security feeling Questionnaire (2011) were used to collect data.The validity of the theoretical model and calculating the coefficients of influence were evaluated using the structural equation modeling method by PLS software. The results of the research showed that spiritual leadership has a significant effect on empowerment (t = 3.54, p = 0.001). Also, social security feeling has a negative significanteffect on empowerment of female managers (t = -3.12, p = 0.001). Managers should strengthen the ability, spirituality and social security in their employees by learning and implementing the components of leadership in their environment, and by drawing the goals and prospects for employees to create a positive image of the future and the sense of competence and effectiveness of their efforts in order toachieve goals.  Manuscript profile
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        663 - The Influence of Intertextuality in the Novel 'Suvashun' on Audience Engagement During Reading
        Esmaeel BANIARDALAN Shahrokh Amirian Doost
        Genetic intertextuality is a well-known form of intertextuality. From a genetic point of view, intertextual relationships in texts can be distinguished into two types: real (strong) and single-layer (weak). True intertextuality is only achieved when the connection betwe More
        Genetic intertextuality is a well-known form of intertextuality. From a genetic point of view, intertextual relationships in texts can be distinguished into two types: real (strong) and single-layer (weak). True intertextuality is only achieved when the connection between two texts transcends mere lexical and formal similarities, indicating a strong intertextual bond. Through genetic intertextuality, a thorough exploration of textual relationships at various levels—both formal and thematic—proves essential in identifying the type, nature, and intensity of intertextuality. Furthermore, Roland Barthes employs a genetic intertextual interpretation to enhance the reader's experience and interaction with the text. He posits that texts can be viewed as either "readings" where the audience plays a passive role or "writings" where the audience actively engages. Barthes contends that leveraging these two forms of intertextuality is pivotal in decoding the text effectively. This qualitative study employs a comparative analytical approach to analyze data. The findings underscore the significant impact of a strong intertextual relationship in transforming the novel, "Suvashun," into a narrative that captivates the reader's passive engagement. Manuscript profile
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        664 - The Effects of Drug Abuse Prevention Methods on Sensation Seeking, Mental Security and Attitude toward Substance Abuse among Adolescents
        Daryoush Jalali Gholamreza Manshei Mohammad Mahdi Mazaheri
        this study aimed to compare the effectivenesses of three methods of drug abuse prevention: a) cognitive-behavioral social, b) lecture , and c) short message system on sensation seeking, mental security and attitude toward substance abuse among high school students. One More
        this study aimed to compare the effectivenesses of three methods of drug abuse prevention: a) cognitive-behavioral social, b) lecture , and c) short message system on sensation seeking, mental security and attitude toward substance abuse among high school students. One hundred and ninety two high school students were assigned randomly to four groups (three experimental groups, one control group). Participants completed the Attitude toward Drug Abuse Inventory (Ghorbani, 2001), Sensation Seeking Scale (Zukerman, 1969) and Mental Security Inventory (Maslo, 1952) during pretest, posttest, and follow up phases. The first experimental group received 10 sessions of cognitive-behavioral social group training (2 hours a week), the second experimental group attended 10 lecture sessions and the third experimental group received preventive short messages for 75 days. The results of MANCOVA indicated that the effects of all three preventive methods on sensation seeking, mental security and attitude toward drug were significant. It was also found that the cognitive-behavioral social method was significantly more effective than the other two methods. The follow-up results indicated that the effects of the preventive methods continued after 100 days. Manuscript profile
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        665 - The Relation of Mindfulness and Social Safeness: Mediating Role of Self- Deception
        Barani Hamid Masood Fazilat Poor
        This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-deception in the relationship between mindfulness and social safeness. The research method was correlational and Participants were 300 (160 female and 140 male) undergraduates from Shiraz University who were sel More
        This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-deception in the relationship between mindfulness and social safeness. The research method was correlational and Participants were 300 (160 female and 140 male) undergraduates from Shiraz University who were selected by using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method and completed the Mindfulness Scale (Droutman, Golub, Oganesyan & Read, 2018), Self- Deception Questionnaire (Sirvent, Herrero, de la Villa Moral & Rodríguez, 2019), and Social Safeness Scale (Gilbert, McEwan, Bellew, Mills, & Gale, 2009). For analyzing the research model, structural equation modeling was used. The results showed the negative and significant relationship between mindfulness and self-deception, the negative and significant relationship between self-deception and social safeness, and the positive and significant relationship between mindfulness and social safeness. Self-deception was also able to mediate the relationship between mindfulness and social safeness. In general, the findings of this study suggest that improving students' mindfulness and reducing their self-deception can increase their social safeness. Manuscript profile
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        666 - تحلیل جرمشناختی کارکردهای جرایم مانع در حقوق شهروند مدار و حقوق امنیت محور با تأکید بر حقوق کیفری ایران
        راضیه همراهی محمد قنبری جلال جعفری
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        667 - مبانی توسل به زور وممنوعیت آن در حقوق بین المللی با تاکید بر منشور سازمان ملل متحد
        حسن محمدرضائی سید باقر میرعباسی علی کمالی
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        668 - جرایم علیه امنیت و حقوق شهروندی در پرتو اصول جرم انگاری
        محمد محمودی سید محمود میرخلیلی کریم بخنوه
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        669 - چگونگی اعمال حاکمیتی دولت ج.ا.ایران در امور هوانوردی و چالش های آن
        حسین محمدزاده قره باغ منصور جباری قره باغ حسینقلی رستم زاد
        10.30495/alr.2020.678017
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        670 - نقش دبیر کل سازمان ملل متحد در حفظ و برقراری صلح و امنیت بین المللی
        حسین زارع شعار
        10.30495/alr.2021.538068.1151
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        671 - دلایل نابرابری نتیجه دعاوی مشابه در دادرسی مدنی
        نادر قنبری داود نصیران نجف آبادی رضا سلطانی
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        672 - آیین دادرسی افتراقی در پولشویی با رویکرد امنیت گرایی
        محمد شهریاری محمدرضا شادمان فر مسعود حیدری علی یوسف زاده
        10.30495/alr.2022.1921486.2023
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        673 - چالش‌های گفتمان سیاست جنایی دیوانعالی کشور در جرایم علیه امنیت با نگاهی به فشارهای افکار بین‌المللی و جهانی
        سید عبدالرضا مرعشی باقر shamloo علیرضا saybani
        10.30495/alr.2022.1954559.2315
        زمینه و هدف: سیاست جنایی دیوان‌عالی کشور در جرایم علیه امنیت، به دلایل مختلف با چالش-های اساسی مواجه است. مهم‌ترین چالش‌های سیاست جنایی دیوان‌عالی کشور در جرایم علیه امنیت عبارتند از: عدم توجه به یافته‌های علمی در رشته‌های مختلف برای دست‌یابی به اصول و نظریات مستند و مس More
        زمینه و هدف: سیاست جنایی دیوان‌عالی کشور در جرایم علیه امنیت، به دلایل مختلف با چالش-های اساسی مواجه است. مهم‌ترین چالش‌های سیاست جنایی دیوان‌عالی کشور در جرایم علیه امنیت عبارتند از: عدم توجه به یافته‌های علمی در رشته‌های مختلف برای دست‌یابی به اصول و نظریات مستند و مستدل، امنیت‌مداری بر پایه‌ی گفتمان حفظ محوری که بعد از 40 سال از تشکیل حکومت اسلامی همچنان جایگزینی ندارد.روش: پژوهش حاضر به روش توصیفی و تحلیلی انجام شده است.یافته ها و نتایج: تأثیرپذیری افراطی از عوام‌گرایی کیفری با توجه به گسترش ارتباطات و رسانه-های اجتماعی در فرآیند رسیدگی، صدور حکم و اجرا، میل به راضی‌ نگه داشتن افکار بین‌المللی و جهانی و سازمان‌ها و نهادهای بین‌المللی با وجود قوانین و مقرراتی که به شدت مورد انتقاد این مراجع هستند، عدم پویایی و عدم هماهنگی بین سیاست قضائی دیوان و سیاست تقنینی در جرایم علیه امنیت و برخی دیگر از چالش‌های فنی در فرآیند دادرسی مانند تعیین صلاحیت‌ها، نقض اصول دادرسی منصفانه به عنوان یک راهکار اصلی و اثر بخش که بتواند دیوان‌عالی کشور را در مسیر مناسب اتخاذ یک سیاست جنایی کارآمد و عدالت محور قرار دهد. از این رو می‌توان گفت که بهره‌گیری از تجربیات کشورهای دیگر در برخورد با این جرایم و تعامل بیشتر دیوان با نهادهای امنیتی مانند شورای عالی امنیت ملی، کمیسیون امنیت ملی مجلس و وزارت اطلاعات می‌تواند در رفع چالش‌ها موثر باشد. Manuscript profile
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        674 - Futurology of Territorial Legal Challenges of Ethnicity in Relation to the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Hossein Torki Mohammad Ali Khosravi Ali Ghorban Poor
        10.30495/alr.2022.1951023.2270
        Occasional challenges ethnicities, especially in the southern regions, especially in the Arab regions of Khuzestan province, require that more attention be paid to the issues and developments in this region and their effects on national security be measured. Accordingly More
        Occasional challenges ethnicities, especially in the southern regions, especially in the Arab regions of Khuzestan province, require that more attention be paid to the issues and developments in this region and their effects on national security be measured. Accordingly, in order to predict the security situation in the country in the coming years, it seems absolutely necessary to pay attention to the ethnic situation and ethnic challenges. This research is applied in terms of nature and purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method and due to the futuristic nature of the research, it is also exploratory. In the present study, environmental monitoring method was used to identify key variables and form questionnaire items. The statistical population of the study is in the form of a panel of experts according to the futures research approach. The key variables of this research were identified by cross-matrix method using Mick Mac software. Wizard scenario software was used to identify possible scenarios. Findings from this study showed seven variables: huge oil and gas reserves, underdevelopment, Saudi and UAE support for the opposition, the eight-year imposed war, Wahhabi current activity, the presence of dust and regional rivalries as key variables extracted from Mick Mac software is one of the most challenging factors in the future of Arab nationalism in relation to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results show that 6 challenging scenarios with high compatibility and score are ahead of the future of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile
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        675 - Analysis of the theory of the right of retribution in participatory crimes with emphasis on criminal justice
        saeed SALAMATI مرضیه پیله‌ور محمدجواد رجبی سلمان
        10.30495/alr.2021.1936455.2125
        Background and Aim: One of the punishments is retribution, according to which, if several people participate in the murder of one person, retaliation is allowed for all of them. Therefore, in this article, we intend to explain the implementation of this right based on c More
        Background and Aim: One of the punishments is retribution, according to which, if several people participate in the murder of one person, retaliation is allowed for all of them. Therefore, in this article, we intend to explain the implementation of this right based on criminal justice.Method: This article is descriptive-analytical and library method.Findings: Famous Imami jurists and a group of Sunni jurists and, consequently, the Islamic Penal Code; It is believed that in mass murders (if the parents of the deceased request retribution), retaliation will be carried out by paying a fine.Conclusion: The majority of jurists have declared the reason for the execution of the sentence of collective retribution as intimidating and deterrent. This means that individuals will refrain from mass crimes because of their fear of the consequences of their actions, and this is more compatible with criminal justice.onclusion: The majority of jurists have declared the reason for the execution of the sentence of collective retribution as intimidating and deterrent. This means that individuals will refrain from mass crimes because of their fear of the consequences of their actions, and this is more compatible with criminal justice. Manuscript profile
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        676 - اقدامات جامعه بین المللی و مقررات داخلی کشورها در مقابله جنایت تجاوز ارضی
        ُسعید فرامرزی بابادی حسن poorbafrani
        10.30495/alr.2021.1935736.2117
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        677 - محدودیت حق آزادی بیان در منشور آفریقایی حقوق بشر و مردم
        رضا کرمی محمد gh
        10.30495/alr.2021.1937833.2144
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        678 - The Necessity to expand the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court over drug offenses: Examining the 1988 Convention and its effects on Iran's security policies
        Askar Jalalian
        10.30495/alr.2022.1947529.2245
        Field and Aims: The first international document establishing obligations and obligations for signatory states to criminalize the laundering of illicit proceeds under domestic law is the United Nations Convention against Narcotic Drugs, adopted on December 19, 1988, kno More
        Field and Aims: The first international document establishing obligations and obligations for signatory states to criminalize the laundering of illicit proceeds under domestic law is the United Nations Convention against Narcotic Drugs, adopted on December 19, 1988, known as the Vienna Convention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of developing the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court based on the said convention. This development will affect the policies of countries involved in drugs. The main question of the research is considering the articles and provisions of the Vienna Convention against Narcotics and Psychedelics 1988, how is it possible to develop the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court to investigate drug crimes? And what impact the development of the competence in question will have on Iran's counter-narcotics policies.            Method: This is a qualitative and applied research in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and studying international documents, sources related to the subject and the obtained information has been analyzed descriptively-analytically. Findings and conclusion: The findings show that the 1988 Convention on Territorial and Flag Jurisdiction addresses the issue of dealing with narcotics crimes and that it is possible to extend the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court to narcotics crimes. If the development is identified, Iran's security plans to combat drug trafficking will change. Manuscript profile
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        679 - جستاری در رهیافت‌های تاریخی و حقوقی بین‌المللیِ نحوه سرکوب عملیات‌های تروریستی ناقض امنیت هوانوردی
        پیمان نمامیان
        10.30495/alr.2021.1939023.2158
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        680 - نقش اتحادیه بین‌المللی مخابرات در برقراری امنیت سایبری
        الناز katanchi بابک pourghahramani
        10.30495/alr.2022.1937260.2133
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        681 - The Security Council's approach to the rule of law in the field of human rights, with an emphasis on the rights of women and children
        Hossein Malekshahi Farid Azadbakht هنگامه gh
        10.30495/alr.2022.1950063.2263
        Background and Aim: The Security Council is essentially a specific or status-oriented pillar under the Charter, in other words, the member states have asked that pillar to respond to a particular situation or dispute.However, in the aftermath of the Cold War, the Counci More
        Background and Aim: The Security Council is essentially a specific or status-oriented pillar under the Charter, in other words, the member states have asked that pillar to respond to a particular situation or dispute.However, in the aftermath of the Cold War, the Council occasionally issued resolutions aimed not at resolving disputes between two or more members or in a situation that endangered international peace and security, but at preventing threats to peace or diplomacy. Peace building is preventive. In fact, these resolutions have a specific audience, such as women and children. Method: The present article tries to explain the mentioned resolutions in a descriptive-analytical way.Findings and Results: Determining that these resolutions do not seek to resolve an issue related to a particular situation, but rather to resolve an issue and problem that is spreading in the international community and its repetition or increase in number can lead to peace and security. Be internationally influential. Manuscript profile
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        682 - Relief and compensation for litigation costs in Iranian and British law
        Milad Kianpouriannejad Pejman Mohammadi khalil Ahmadi
        10.30495/alr.2022.1955440.2326
        Field and Aims: Participating in a lawsuit involves costs for the parties involved, including the court, the plaintiff and the defendant, and the legal system governing these costs plays an important role in achieving civil justice. A comparative study of the provisions More
        Field and Aims: Participating in a lawsuit involves costs for the parties involved, including the court, the plaintiff and the defendant, and the legal system governing these costs plays an important role in achieving civil justice. A comparative study of the provisions governing the provision and compensation of legal damages in the law of Iran and the United Kingdom better shows the shortcomings of the current Iranian laws in this field and is effective in correcting them.    Method: The present research has been compiled in a descriptive-analytical manner with a comparative view of various documentary sources and studies in Iranian and British law.   Findings and conclusion: The legislature, in order to guarantee possible damages, has made it possible for the plaintiff to cover his costs, which, in view of the lack of a proper mechanism for forecasting the duration and quality of proceedings and estimating costs, is a shortcoming compared to a similar institution in English law. ‌ There are some. Also, in order to compensate for definitive damages resulting from court costs and other court damages, following the rule of "post-event costs", damages have been transferred so that no damages remain without compensation. However, in Iranian law, unlike in the United Kingdom, not giving the judge the power to review the circumstances of the case and the litigants, in addition to the possibility of abuse of the institution of fictitious litigation, also leaves the door open to abuse the right to sue and these shortcomings The unwillingness of the defendants to settle their dispute out of court and the abandonment of the principle of good faith in our judicial system is crystallized. Manuscript profile
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        683 - Pathology of Iran's criminal policy in economic crimes
        mahdi dida salame Abolhasani naqmeh farhood
        10.30495/alr.2022.1928172.2063
        Background and purpose: Economic crimes are one of the most challenging issues in the world due to their impact on all levels of society. Iran will not be an exception. Iran's economic environment, due to suffering from many injuries, compared to the economic systems of More
        Background and purpose: Economic crimes are one of the most challenging issues in the world due to their impact on all levels of society. Iran will not be an exception. Iran's economic environment, due to suffering from many injuries, compared to the economic systems of other countries, creates a more favorable environment for committing economic crimes, the spread of economic crimes prevents the government from achieving its national goals in the field of economic security, and general crimes make matters worse. risks The goal of the research is the pathology of Iran's criminal policy approach to economic crimes.Method: The present research was carried out using a descriptive and analytical method.Findings and results: lack of providing a definition of economic crime, legislative dispersion in the field of economic crimes, the repressiveness of criminal policy in this field, the lack of practical coherence in the single criminal policy, the predominance of criminal populism and security-oriented criminal policy in dealing with economic crimes. One of the challenges and damages in Iran's current criminal policy is related to economic crimes. Manuscript profile
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        684 - The role of the judiciary in maintaining the position and security of judges with emphasis on Article 164 of the Constitution
        hosein mozafari Ruhollah Rahami mahdi shekh movahed mohamad moqadam far
        10.30495/alr.2022.1951208.2311
        Field and Aims: The independence of judges and judicial justice systems has deep roots in jurisprudence and religious beliefs. In Iran, the legislator of our country, based on the constitution which is rooted in Islamic jurisprudence, has foreseen the independence of th More
        Field and Aims: The independence of judges and judicial justice systems has deep roots in jurisprudence and religious beliefs. In Iran, the legislator of our country, based on the constitution which is rooted in Islamic jurisprudence, has foreseen the independence of the judiciary and the judge in the constitution, and this law has guaranteed the independence of this branch. The independence of the judge and judicial system is considered as a principle of fair and just proceedings in all the legal systems of the world today and it is a basic guarantee for the realization of a fair trial without which the realization of justice is not possible.Method: The present research was carried out using a descriptive analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: The independence of judicial authorities has been accepted in international documents and Iran's legal system, in the principles of the constitution, which shows the freedom of the judge from any interference and influence of other authorities. Judicial independence means that the judicial system, especially the judge, is not influenced by non-legal factors and the prohibition of the intervention of those with power and wealth in the proceedings. Since the observance of this principle is considered a prerequisite for the administration of justice, the protection of citizens' rights and the provision of their legitimate freedoms, its observance has been the subject of consensus in all legal systems, although different guarantee mechanisms have been used.Therefore, despite the existence of legal provisions, the principle of judicial independence in Iran's legal system has not been fully actualized and has fundamental flaws that require the amendment of some relevant laws in this regard, so that, as a result, the principle of judicial independence in Iran's legal system is also international law to be realized. Manuscript profile
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        685 - Implementation of the binding resolutions of the Security Council, with an emphasis on Resolution No. 2231 (JCPOA)
        Mojtaba Nazif Alireza Zaheri
        10.30495/alr.2023.1977329.2509
        Field and Aims: The Security Council, with its political and powerful structure, is one of the pillars of creating and maintaining international order in the current environment. Among the various decisions of this organ, binding resolutions have a special place. Achiev More
        Field and Aims: The Security Council, with its political and powerful structure, is one of the pillars of creating and maintaining international order in the current environment. Among the various decisions of this organ, binding resolutions have a special place. Achieving to/ issuing against a chapter seven resolutions is a very powerful motivation among the actors of the international community. But in the final analysis, the way the resolution is implemented in the structure of the international community and the United Nations itself is more important.Method: The present research was conducted using an analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: By examining the practice of the United Nations and especially the practice of the Security Council, it is clear that the implementation of the resolutions of the seventh chapter is highly politicized and affected by the prevailing international atmosphere. Regardless of the impressive impact of these resolutions, experience has shown that in cases where the binding resolution is in conflict with the interests of a permanent member of the Security Council, even assuming the adoption of such a resolution, its implementation by the UN organs seems very unlikel. Resolution 2231, due to the change in the international atmosphere after its adoption, has not been immune from this scourge, and regardless of its binding structure, it seems very weak in the nature of its power to impose obligations and compulsions against the permanent members of the Security Council. Manuscript profile
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        686 - Cyber Security Regime in International Aviation Law
        Hamidreza Seyedi Seyedbagher Mirabbasi Sohrab Salahi
        10.30495/alr.2022.1946192.2231
        Background and Purpose:Aviation cyber security is becoming a very serious subject. The air industry is a complex, advanced, multidimensional with an international scope industry is distinguished became its complexity among industries. One of the most important and vital More
        Background and Purpose:Aviation cyber security is becoming a very serious subject. The air industry is a complex, advanced, multidimensional with an international scope industry is distinguished became its complexity among industries. One of the most important and vital issues of aviation is to ensure the accuracy of navigation systems and air traffic control, which has a direct impact on flight safety. The article is prepared to explain and evaluate the rules of cyber security regime in the field of international aviation law and the responsibility of governments and international organizations in sight of the existing rules of international responsibility plan and through this to examine the conditions and effects of each.Methodology:This article was written by descriptive-analytical method in terms of collecting library data and reviewing documents.Results:The International Cyber Security Regime is a mechanism for cooperation between governments and cause trust and security, and the protection of aviation infrastructure is a top priority for governments. The aviation industry is facing novel threats, and there are various cyber security concerns at airports and in-flight aircraft, and the need to "smarten up" airports is being seriously felt due to increased connectivity of systems and processes and protection of navigation systems. The development of security rules and regulations is one of the strategic goals of the International Civil Aviation Organization and its member countries, in order to ensure sustainable aviation security measures. Manuscript profile
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        687 - Proportionality of applying the precautionary principle with the category of guaranteeing water security
        fateme ebrahimi AliReza َArashpour Seyyed Mohammad Sadegh ahmadi
        10.30495/alr.2023.1979810.2523
        The right to water is the origin and manifestation of many human rights. The lack of proper access to water resources has brought many crises, especially many environmental crises for societies, which has caused insecurity for humans. Therefore, legal scholars are alway More
        The right to water is the origin and manifestation of many human rights. The lack of proper access to water resources has brought many crises, especially many environmental crises for societies, which has caused insecurity for humans. Therefore, legal scholars are always trying to explain mechanisms to get out of these environmental crises. Because the lack of access to water affects human development and the lack of development in any society colors the disputes over resources. Therefore, the author uses the descriptive-analytical method and by using library resources and seeking to find The answer to this question is whether establishing and applying the precautionary principle can guarantee water security and also a suitable solution to prevent water crises and tensions.Paying attention to and using the precautionary principle as one of the key solutions accelerates environmental preventive measures and improves crisis management and ultimately ensures water security. Therefore, it seems that there is a direct relationship between the application of the precautionary principle and water security.Keywords: precautionary principle, water security, human security, right to water Manuscript profile
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        688 - سازمان همکاری شانگهای
        مصطفی تقی زاده انصاری
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        689 - A
        محمد رضا سبحانی رضا موسی زاده حسین شریفی طرازکوهی سعید منصوری
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        690 - بررسی تطبیقی مرحله تحت‌نظردرآیین دادرسی کیفری ایران وفرانسه
        محمد آشوری روح الله سپهری
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        691 - حق بر صلح در نظام حقوق بین الملل در پرتو رویه و عملکرد دیوان‌های کیفری بین المللی
        حسین رستم زاد
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        692 - تعویق تحقیق‌یا تعقیب در دیوان کیفری بین‌المللی
        سجاد عباسی رجب گلدوست جویباری
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        693 - بررسی تاثیر سند رسمی‌بر توسعه حقوق عمومی
        عباس منتهایی حسین فروتنی راد
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        694 - آزادی رسانه در وضعیت اضطراری در کنوانسیون حقوق بشر آمریکا
        رضا کرمی پری چهر عالیپور
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        695 - تدابیر حکومتی غزنویان در تاریخ بیهقی
        مریم صادقی گیوی بهاره پرهیزگاری
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        696 - The analysis of Wiss character from the aspect of emotional security
        Ali Eshghi sardehi Abolghasem Amir ahmadi Iraj Kiani
        In Persian lyrical literature that is based on woman coyness and man necessity, emotional attachments, especially, emotional security  have  so many  worth . Wiss and Ramin story is one of the loving stories that beloved character is remarkable in it, fro More
        In Persian lyrical literature that is based on woman coyness and man necessity, emotional attachments, especially, emotional security  have  so many  worth . Wiss and Ramin story is one of the loving stories that beloved character is remarkable in it, from the aspect of emotional security, especially, affability against Disappointment .In this  romantic story , poet says  about  emotions related to desired end  and  avoidance .A story that Beloved tolerates so many  problems in the path of love .So ,she confronts  different emotions , like sadness ,happiness ,disappointment ,hope ,anger ,hating and.... Shah Moubad and Ramin cause a great section of these emotional actions in Wiss . Any how , the emotional actions of Wiss against these two people is so important and noticable. The results of this  research show that  »Wiss « has  no  self control  with regard  to » Shah Moubad « and always reveals her anger and hating against him .Because, where ever love is light , It shows its negative quality in shape of»sadness , hating , anger and…«that its conclusion is emotional death. But she has a healthy character and emotional maturity toward to » Ramin«, because where ever love is heartily, a kind of emotional action-that is called emotional feeling-shows its positive quality in shape of»happiness , desire , like and…«that indicate to emotional security.Even,when ever she finds treachery, she doesn’t give up against the failure and tolerates the emotional conflicts for attaining  desired end. Manuscript profile
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        697 - The Economic Security effects on Economic Growth in Islamic Conference Groups (ICG) with emphasizes on Iran
        Ahmad Jafari Samimi Shahram Ekhteyari
        In this study, the relationship between economic growth and economic security in Islamic conference Group (ICG) with emphasis on Iran has been investigated. The finding based on Pooled panel data during 1997-2005 show that population growth, Labor force, capital Growth More
        In this study, the relationship between economic growth and economic security in Islamic conference Group (ICG) with emphasis on Iran has been investigated. The finding based on Pooled panel data during 1997-2005 show that population growth, Labor force, capital Growth , government share of economic activities, the foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to GDP and economic security as influencing variables have been positive effects on economic growth among ICG's, but inflation had opposite effects. The other findings show Iran's economic security index is lesser than ICG average level. The results suggest that government should enhance security condition quality in economic activity. Manuscript profile
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        698 - تحلیل ژئوپلتیکی ،نقش آمریکا درایجاد موانع و چالش های سیاسی - امنیتی منطقه خاورمیانه
        فرهاد حمزه محسن چوپانی رستمی
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        699 - تحلیل ژئوپلیتیکی روابط ایران وپاکستان وتاثیر آن بر امنیت نواحی مرز شرقی
        فرهاد حمزه علی رنجبر کلور
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        700 - تاثیر مناسبات بین قومی بر امنیت منطقه ای: مطالعه ی موردی: آذربایجان غربی
        زهرا احمدی پور محمد اخباری جفقلی پورباقر
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        701 - Scenarios of order in the Middle East until 2030 with emphasis on the activism of Iran and Saudi Arabia
        Zahed Ghaffari Hashjin Ayub Nikunahad
        After the Islamic Revolution, one of the most stable models of regional order in the Middle East, has been the competition between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia. However, one cannot speak of fully establishing this pattern of bipolar order in the Middle More
        After the Islamic Revolution, one of the most stable models of regional order in the Middle East, has been the competition between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia. However, one cannot speak of fully establishing this pattern of bipolar order in the Middle East. And the Middle East regional order may change dramatically over the next ten years. The present study seeks to answer the main question of what the future scenarios of regional order in the Middle East will be like by 2030,and what is the favorable scenario for the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia under these patterns of regional order?In order to provide answers to the questions with a futuristic approach, the method of identifying and analyzing the impulses affecting the formation of regional order and identifying weak surprises and weak markers was used through interviewing experts using Mick Mac software. The research findings consistent with the effect of key drivers and analysis of power blockades in this region indicate that a wide range of scenarios can be proposed regarding the Middle East regional order,but the most desirable order for Iran is the hegemony of the revolutionary order and the most probable scenario for the Islamic Republic is the continuation of the balance of power scenario in this region. In contrast, the most favorable scenario for the pro-Western order is the hegemony of the Western-Salafi order and the most probable scenario for the pro-Western order is the continuation of the balance of power scenario. Manuscript profile
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        702 - Measuring Criminal Rules of Nuclear Law in International Documents
        peyman namamian Ebrahim Aghamohammadi
        Measuring Criminal Rules of Nuclear Law in International DocumentsPenal Code Penalties within the framework of criminal law as a group of rules applied at national, regional or international level to counteract nuclear-related or radioactive energy-related practices or More
        Measuring Criminal Rules of Nuclear Law in International DocumentsPenal Code Penalties within the framework of criminal law as a group of rules applied at national, regional or international level to counteract nuclear-related or radioactive energy-related practices or governments requiring them to be criminally liable. Can be distinguished from other rules of the same manner based on the extremely dangerous nature inherent in nuclear or radioactive energy. The paper seeks to assess international standards for the criminalization of nuclear rights at the international level, including the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism, and the UN Security Council resolutions.The paper seeks to assess international standards for the criminalization of nuclear rights at the international level, including the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism, and the UN Security Council resolutions.Key Words: Nuclear Terrorism, International Law, Nuclear Law, Criminal Law, International Covenant of Anti-Terrorism, Security Council Resolutions. Manuscript profile
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        703 - Chabahar Port's Political-Economic Perspective in Futuristic strategies of India's foreign -security policy
        yaser kahrazeh
        In the Indian view, Chabahar is part of the strategic and geopolitical ideas of Indian nationalism for regional and global upheaval and balanced geoeconomic competition with traditional and longtime rivals. In India's futuristic outlook document, Chabahar port is a hub More
        In the Indian view, Chabahar is part of the strategic and geopolitical ideas of Indian nationalism for regional and global upheaval and balanced geoeconomic competition with traditional and longtime rivals. In India's futuristic outlook document, Chabahar port is a hub of economic importance along with its security-political importance. In the Discourse of Prestige and the Authority of Indian Nationalism, Chabahar has symbolic importance as a trans-regional hub and, based on the long-term vision, this oceanic port could enhance the value and credibility of India's branding across the world economically and politically. Chabahar's perspective for India's foreign policy is in two phases, the first phase - financial-economic and second - political - security. India has long-term plans and strategies for Chabahar through the tools of economic diplomacy. Despite the unbalanced and unstable conditions in the Middle East and Iran, India has worked with Afghanistan through economic diplomacy to help as much as possible to improve the economic development and importance of the Chabahar region. Drawing on the theoretical perspective of new economic diplomacy, the present paper analyzes India's future strategies in the Chabahar port. The main hypothesis of the paper is that the new Indian economic diplomacy is structurally related to India's political-security strategies for Chabahar port and the purely economic or political view on Chabahar port in Indian policymaking (India's foreign policy) is one-dimensional and mistaken analyzes. India's foreign and economic policy in Chabahar is based on a multi-faceted, long-term perspective. Manuscript profile
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        704 - The Responsibility to Protect Doctrine: The Gap Between Expectations and Realities
        Aghil Mohammadi Mehrdad Halalkhor
        The inability of the international community to face seriously with Widespread and organized human rights violations as well as difficulties in and justifying the legal foundations of humanitarian intervention triggered a doctrine of "Responsibility to Protect" doctrine More
        The inability of the international community to face seriously with Widespread and organized human rights violations as well as difficulties in and justifying the legal foundations of humanitarian intervention triggered a doctrine of "Responsibility to Protect" doctrine. In the light of the modification of the "principle of non-interference" and the attempt to redefine the concept of "national sovereignty", the main idea of this doctrine is that as a result of the development of international human rights norms and the idea of "Human Security", sovereignty assumes the primary responsibility of protecting its citizens that in the event of unwillingness or inability to act, the international community is responsible. This article from the perspective of international relations and based on a descriptive-analytical method, answers the question that what challenges does the effectiveness of the doctrine of protectionist responsibility face? the responsibility to protect doctrine? The hypothesis of the present article is that doubts about the meaning and nature of this doctrine, the possibility of using it as a tool to intervene in states, as well as its weaknesses in the implementation phase, are the most important challenges of the doctrine of responsibility to protect. In the light of this critique, this article concludes that the complexities and conceptual conflicts, as well as the practical challenges of implementing this doctrine, have cast doubt on its effectiveness in establishing a new international order and the dynamics of international relations in the face of human rights crises. Manuscript profile
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        705 - The position of the Persian Gulf in China's energy security
        Majid abbasi Mohammad Zaree
        Nowadays, it seems power is the airplane that can descends in all lands for which infrastructures and facilities have been provided. Understanding this feature of power and providing appropriate infrastructures from earlier decades, China has anticipated the landing of More
        Nowadays, it seems power is the airplane that can descends in all lands for which infrastructures and facilities have been provided. Understanding this feature of power and providing appropriate infrastructures from earlier decades, China has anticipated the landing of power’s airplane in its territory. In the literature of International Relations what is called ‘the power shift from the Atlantic to the Asia-Pacific’ can be an evidence for this claim. However, the crucial issue which must fuel china power’s airplane is the energy supplies and how to provide the stability and security of energy. Any fluctuation in the field of energy could enflame the problems accumulated inside Chinese society and destabilize the relationship between societal and political systems. It could challenge the china power and its status as a great power and affect actual international order as well. This article attempts to study the effect of Persian Gulf region as energy supplier on China energy security in several periods and the evolution of Chinese view about the Persian Gulf region. Manuscript profile
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        706 - The repercussions of Rouhani’s foreign policy for Iran’s International Relations
        mohammadreza saremi alireza rezaei ghasem torabi
        A constructive interaction with the world was introduced by Rouhani’s administration as the main focus, for its foreign policy. This policy was adopted in response to the diplomacy of the ninth and tenth administrations. The constructive policy of the new administ More
        A constructive interaction with the world was introduced by Rouhani’s administration as the main focus, for its foreign policy. This policy was adopted in response to the diplomacy of the ninth and tenth administrations. The constructive policy of the new administration has some principles and constituents. In this study, much effort is consumed to both address the features of a constructive interaction and introduce the 11th and 12th administrations’ foreign policy and to analyze the repercussions of these administrations’ foreign policy for Iran’s international relations.Concerning the topic under study, in this argument the following question is answered: what repercussions will be brought for Iran’s international relations by Rouhani’s approach to constructive interaction in his foreign policy? The findings suggest that the outcomes of Rouhani’s constructive interaction model of foreign policy have been averse to its international relations.Donald Trump’s move into the white House, his definition of a hostile policy toward Iran and launching a maximum pressure campaign on Iran, the US’s unilateral departure from the JCPOA ( the joint comprehensive Plan of Action or “ Iran nuclear deai “ ), regional favoritistic policies of Tramp’s administration were all disadvantageous to Iran. These disadvantages include Hebro – Arabic trends, imposition of sanction regimes as secondary sanctions, the European pendulous treatment of its obligations toward the JCPOA and no comprehensive policy on the part of Russia and China as the non-European signatories to the Iran nuclear deal. In this study, a constructivist approach is a dopted as it’s theoretical framework. Manuscript profile
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        707 - Trump's withdrawal from "JCPOA" and the inefficiency of UN Security Council
        morteza nemati zargaran
        DOR:20.1001.1.24234974.1399.13.4.2.8
        AbstractIran's nuclear program, in the eyes of the West, has the potential to lead to the acquisition of nuclear weapons. Therefore, this program, along with the anti-Westernism of the Islamic Republic, is considered a security threat to the West and especially to the U More
        AbstractIran's nuclear program, in the eyes of the West, has the potential to lead to the acquisition of nuclear weapons. Therefore, this program, along with the anti-Westernism of the Islamic Republic, is considered a security threat to the West and especially to the United States.The West has two general approaches to limiting Iran's nuclear capability: a peaceful solution or punitive measures and military action.US President Barack Obama has accepted a peaceful solution, which is in line with the UN Charter. This view emphasized multilateralism and the role of international organizations. Negotiations between Iran and the six world powers eventually led to the signing of a "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action " or "JCPOA" agreement. Under the agreement, Iran accepted extensive restrictions of its nuclear program, and instead lifted all UN sanctions, as well as unilateral US and European sanctions. Because the agreement was about international security, the same agreement was passed by the UN Security Council.Trump, the next president of the United States, called "JCPOA" against the national interest and unilaterally withdrew.The question is, what has the Security Council done to violate the UN Security Council? The hypothesis is that the violation of the UN Security Council by the United States is the most serious and clear example of the ineffectiveness of the Security Council in maintaining an agreement on the maintenance of international peace and security. Manuscript profile
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        708 - The Pan-Americanism of Donald Trump and the growing black's deprivation in the United States; Consequences of racism on micro and macro levels
        Abdolreza Alishahi Ali Mohammaddoust Zahra Khodayari Aghmioun
        The concept of racism can be considered one of the pervasive crises among most societies, both industrial and developing. This concept is basically more tangible among immigrant communities and has had many consequences for their communities meanwhile, The United States More
        The concept of racism can be considered one of the pervasive crises among most societies, both industrial and developing. This concept is basically more tangible among immigrant communities and has had many consequences for their communities meanwhile, The United States, has faced special challenges with racism throughout its history. Blacks, who were considered complete subjugation of whites and slaves during the 17th and 19th centuries, were able to exercise some of their citizenship rights by repealing the law, but challenges between whites and blacks remain an unresolved dilemma. The US system has remained so much that at times, such a rift has turned into a social and even security crisis. In this article, the authors try to answer to this question: What were the most important actions of Trump against the blacks of this country? And what feedback has these actions had on his government's performance? The authors hypothesize that Trump's actions against blacks during his four-year presidency have led to an escalation of racist actions against them, which has provided important feedback to Trump in the name of the crisis of legitimacy. Feedback on this issue has also been reflected in cultural, social, political and economic issues. The method of the present article is to use the descriptive analytical method and the use of documentary sources. Manuscript profile
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        709 - Foreign policy strategy of Mohammed bin Salman and its security requirements for Iran
        Omid Azizyan Hossein Rafie Ali Akbar Jafari
        After entering the power system in Saudi Arabia, Mohammed bin Salman, made great changes to the Saudi foreign policy strategy. By leaving the traditional strategy of defensive policy, he conducts an offensive strategy against Iran and the middle east and north Africa re More
        After entering the power system in Saudi Arabia, Mohammed bin Salman, made great changes to the Saudi foreign policy strategy. By leaving the traditional strategy of defensive policy, he conducts an offensive strategy against Iran and the middle east and north Africa regions. Meanwhile, changing the coalition patterns in the region in the form of alliance with Israel, the NATO plan and trying to retain American military in the region has threatened national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. However, the present study aims to answer the question of what requirements the foreign policy strategy of Mohammad bin Salman in the region has created for the foreign policy and national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran? In this paper, "the security of the Copenhagen school" and "aggressive constructivism" have been used as a theoretical framework. Research methodology and data collecting are descriptive-analytical and library-documentary approaches. The findings indicate that the increasing closeness of Saudi to Israel, trying to create an Arab front along with Egypt and the United Arab Emirates, Riyadh 's attempt to move closer to the United States and bring this country to a wide contrast with Iran, has touched Iran 's national security at two levels of confrontation and detente. Manuscript profile
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        710 - Threats to international peace and security from the Failed State (Case study: Somalia)
        mahdi Baghban babak naderpor
        The security issues of the world today have a certain entanglement and complexity that each of which can lead to other security issues. one of these new issues is the collapse of government. the issues of the failure of governments in matter of international peace and s More
        The security issues of the world today have a certain entanglement and complexity that each of which can lead to other security issues. one of these new issues is the collapse of government. the issues of the failure of governments in matter of international peace and security was first raised by the united states of America after 11 September. however, the international community has not had a clear understanding of the threat to international peace and security posed by the collapse of government. in this regard, a study of UN resolutions on the crisis in Somalia, which has been recognized as a failed state in the world for three decades since 1991, seeks to identify the various threats to international peace and security caused by collapse governments came out. In this descriptive content analysis study, 97 UN resolutions on the Somalia crisis were analyzed. as a result. it has been determined that the failure of government will pose at least 13 types of threats to international peace and security. Manuscript profile
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        711 - The position of environmental security concept in international and global security
        Seyed Amin Habibi Daydokht Sadeghi Haghighi Kayhan Barzegar
        The crisis of climate change is a new threat to humanity, which has led to the emergence of the concept of environmental security. Historical and technological developments, as well as the process of globalization, have led to the emergence of the concept of global secu More
        The crisis of climate change is a new threat to humanity, which has led to the emergence of the concept of environmental security. Historical and technological developments, as well as the process of globalization, have led to the emergence of the concept of global security versus international security. each of the two concepts of international and global security have a different attitude towards the issue of the environment. Differences in identifying the type of security issues, diversity in security elements, differences in attitude towards threat and anti-threat factors. It is possible to explain more practical why and how these distinctions are made in international security with the help of rationalist approach and liberalism theories, as well as in global security with the help of normative approach and constructive theory. diversity in decision-making and adoption of strategies in global politics regarding the climate-changes, caused by the distinction in the position of environmental security in each of the two macro-security approaches in international relations. This research aims to achieve a practical definition of each of these concepts by explaining the semantic boundaries of international and global security with environmental security, international and global to formulate the concept of environmental security, so that he can answer his main question: what is the position of environmental security in international and global security? Answered, and to prove his hypothesis based on the ontological connection of global security with environmental security and the marginality of environmental security in security issues in international security, pay. Manuscript profile
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        712 - Energy security relations between the EU and Russia from the perspective of the theory of interdependence
        Fatemeh Hamoei Kayhan Barzegar Hamid Ahmadi hossain daheshiar
        Due to the lack of a common energy policy in the European Union because of the differing dependence of its members on Russian resources, different geographical conditions and diverse incentives, the Union has committed itself to adhering to a specific security policy fo More
        Due to the lack of a common energy policy in the European Union because of the differing dependence of its members on Russian resources, different geographical conditions and diverse incentives, the Union has committed itself to adhering to a specific security policy for energy. A long-term strategy based on interdependence with the energy market, European unity, and improved governance in energy-producing countries. The present paper analyzes the complex energy relations between Russia and the European Union, which are at the same time involved in conflict and cooperation, in the Charter of "Asymmetric Interdependence". The purpose of this research is to discover and present the reasons for adopting a European Union collective strategy to provide sustainable and secure energy security. In order to achieve this purpose using a theoretical analysis, we identify the EU and Russia's sensitivity and vulnerability axes in terms of energy and the prospects for future interdependence in the forthcoming decades and ultimately conclude from the increasing trend that the symmetric interdependence on the issue of energy security between the two sides, neither party will be able to carry out their own security considerations without regard to the other party's security. Manuscript profile
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        713 - Analyzing the Humanitarian Consequences of US Sanctions against Iran with an Emphasis on Food Security and Nutrition
        Gholamhosein Kordi Mohammad Ali Khosravi Reza Jalali Sousan Safaverdi
        This paper examines the humanitarian effects of US sanctions against Iranian from the perspective of food and nutrition security and is to find appropriate answers to the two questions of: What are the signs of the threat to food security in Iran after that Washington i More
        This paper examines the humanitarian effects of US sanctions against Iranian from the perspective of food and nutrition security and is to find appropriate answers to the two questions of: What are the signs of the threat to food security in Iran after that Washington imposed nuclear sanctions against Tehran? Why and how have the American sanctions against Iran have endangered the food security and nutrition of Iranians? This paper is descriptive-analytical type and applies inferential methodology. The findings, mainly implemented through utilizing reasoning and qualitative analysis under the “Naïve Theory” of Sanctions by Johan Galtung, show that vital humanitarian goods (including food) during the past years have been subject to the laws and regulations of sanctions against Iran, due to the impediment’s sanctions have imposed trade and transportation of goods and international financial exchanges. These restrictions increased the price of food by 200 percent, and the highest has targeted food categories (including vegetables, meat and fruits). The minimum average cost of a healthy diet for an Iranian family is 3 times more than the amount of which an Iranian family can spend on food and tobacco. The percentage of Iranian urban and rural households prone to food insecurity (very high, high and moderate) has also increased between 1396-1398, respectively from 8.84% and 25.17% to 11.2% and 29.2%. Manuscript profile
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        714 - China-Russia Strategic Alliance against US Unilateralism and its Impact on Iran's National Security 2009-2021
        Tahereh Nezafati Garineh Keshishyan Siraki
        After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the structure of the international system took on a unipolar form, one of its main characteristics being the unilateral approach of the United States as the ruling superpower. But Russia and China have managed to compete and chall More
        After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the structure of the international system took on a unipolar form, one of its main characteristics being the unilateral approach of the United States as the ruling superpower. But Russia and China have managed to compete and challenge America in the position of great power. This competitive process has also affected the national security of other countries. The main goal of this research is to investigate the impact of the alliance between Russia and China against the unilateralism of the United States on Iran's national security. The main question is, what effect did the alliance between Russia and China have on Iran's national security in 2009-2021 against the unilateralism of the United States? It seems that the strategic alliance of China and Russia based on competition and curbing the hegemony of US has had effects in the direction of strengthening and weakening the national security of Iran. The results show that the alliance between China and Russia against the United States affects Iran's national security in the political dimension Iran's emphasis on the role of the United Nations, Iran's membership in the Shanghai Organization, seeking new horizons in BRICS in the military dimension countering Western sanctions and promoting military cooperation with China and Russia in the economic dimension enhancement of economic cooperation, purchase of Iranian oil and gas and Iran's pivotal capability in China's Silk Road project and in the environmental dimension of the cooperation of the two sides with Iran. Manuscript profile
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        715 - Russian security threats Analysis after the U.S. Pullout from Afghanistan in Central Asia with emphasis on Islamic fundamentalism
        hassan ainehvand Ali keyvani Mohammadali basiri
        The exit of U.S. troops from Afghanistan in August 2021 was made by the government of Joe Biden, which was preceded by the Doha Agreement on February 29, 2020 between Donald Trump and the Taliban with the official title of "Peace Agreement to Afghanistan." The end of th More
        The exit of U.S. troops from Afghanistan in August 2021 was made by the government of Joe Biden, which was preceded by the Doha Agreement on February 29, 2020 between Donald Trump and the Taliban with the official title of "Peace Agreement to Afghanistan." The end of the 20-years US military presence in Afghanistan has challenged international relations researchers with the crucial question of what consequences the military pullout of the United States and its allies will have for other actors active in the Middle East, Central and West Asia? And what aspects of their national interests will be affected? Amongst these players is the Russian Federation, that Afghanistan's proximity to Central Asia, as Moscow's traditional sphere of influence, could lead to new crises, including the expansion of Islamic fundamentalism to the national interests of this country. Therefore, the main question of this present paper is that what are the negative consequences of the US withdrawal from Afghanistan on Russia's national interests in Central Asia? The main assumption of this paper is that the central Asian region should be considered the center of the world crisis in the future as the most prone region for the growth of Islamic fundamentalism, which will destroy the region's security dynamics and confront Russia to new security threats. The authors try to prove their hypothesis in this paper by applying Regional security complex theory. Manuscript profile
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        716 - Implikimet e sigurisë të pavarësisë së rajonit të Kurdistanit të Irakut në zonat kufitare perëndimore të vendit
        hannaneh darashti alireza najafi
        The national security of any country is a function of the set of internal developments and movements of the security environment of that country. The issue of the Kurds and the events related to them is one of the most important political issues in the Middle East. The More
        The national security of any country is a function of the set of internal developments and movements of the security environment of that country. The issue of the Kurds and the events related to them is one of the most important political issues in the Middle East. The main problem of the researcher in this research is that what are the most effective scenarios of the security consequences of the Iraqi Kurdistan region on the western border regions of the country for a period of 5 years. Accordingly, the main goal of this research is to design the scenarios of the security consequences of the Iraqi Kurdistan region on the western border regions. It is the country. . The result of the evaluation of the eight designed scenarios shows that Kurdistan, on the part of the world powers, raises the tension between the countries with Kurdish minority and the integration between the Kurdish minority in the neighboring countries, the best situation for declaring and implementing the independence of Iraqi Kurdistan and for the security of the west of the country is dangerous and the scenario that is opposite to this scenario It is possible (non-recognition by world powers, alignment of countries with Kurdish minority and differences among Kurds in the region) is the best scenario that indicates the lack of independence of Kurds. Manuscript profile
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        717 - Analyzing the consequences of the evolution of the concept of security on China's foreign policy strategy in relation to the Islamic Republic of Iran
        mahdi salami mashallah heidarpour
        The evolution of the concept of security after the collapse of the bipolar system in international relations has left a wide impact on the whole of China's foreign policy towards other countries. Based on this, it is necessary to conduct research in the field of an More
        The evolution of the concept of security after the collapse of the bipolar system in international relations has left a wide impact on the whole of China's foreign policy towards other countries. Based on this, it is necessary to conduct research in the field of analyzing the consequences of the evolution of the concept of security on China's foreign policy strategy in against the countries of the Persian Gulf region and especially Iran. The main goal of this research is to answer the question that what effects did the evolution of the concept of security have on China's foreign policy approach towards the Islamic Republic of Iran? The transition from one-dimensional military security to sustainable multi-dimensional security has caused China to pay attention to many dimensions of security such as economic, political, cultural, energy, military and defense security of this country in relation to the Islamic Republic of Iran and foreign policy. China has undergone extensive changes and transformations in relation to Iran, and the text of this article deals with the research of its influential components. The data collection of this article is based on the library method and the use of documents and sources. It is virtual and the research method of this research is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile
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        718 - track two diplomacy solution for managing international crises
        leyli malekmohamadi reza simbar Ahmad Jansiz
        Diplomacy has a special place in solving international conflicts. Rather than looking for military solutions in conflict zones, countries will look for less expensive ways. Official diplomacy generally plays the role of promoting peace in the situation of disputes, conf More
        Diplomacy has a special place in solving international conflicts. Rather than looking for military solutions in conflict zones, countries will look for less expensive ways. Official diplomacy generally plays the role of promoting peace in the situation of disputes, conflict and war, but countries in conflict, where there is no way to promote official diplomacy between them, choose another path of diplomacy, which is called path two diplomacy. This type of diplomacy is used for countries in conflict in areas where formal diplomacy becomes virtually impossible due to the high degree of sensitivity resulting from a worldview different from the other's ontological security and lack of trust. Diplomacy is the path of two titles that has been known in the last few decades and has been used with positive results in some regions and countries involved in conflict. In this article, while defining and explaining the meaning of track two diplomacy, we examine its function as well as its opportunities and limitations in international crises. The hypothesis of this research is based on the fact that the use of two-way diplomacy will be the best form of diplomacy to resolve disputes between governments involved in crisis. This is a research-theoretical article, and for this reason, it will be a guide for researchers' case studies. The research method in this article is explanatory and analytical. Manuscript profile
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        719 - Resistance (Moqavimat) strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East based on security theoryCopenhagen School (2019-2014)
        Sadegh Shahvarpoor najafabadi حامد محقق نیا فریدون اکبرزاده
        Simultaneously with the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1357 and the establishment of the Islamic Republic, world powers tried to neutralize and stop the Islamic Revolution with various methods from military war to economic sanctions.In this situation, the More
        Simultaneously with the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1357 and the establishment of the Islamic Republic, world powers tried to neutralize and stop the Islamic Revolution with various methods from military war to economic sanctions.In this situation, the Islamic Republic of Iran, in order to maintain its security and life and to spread the discourse of the revolution, started the policy of forming resistance groups in the West Asian region.In this research, an attempt has been made to examine the regional policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the role of resistance groups in them, as well as the relationship between these policies and the Copenhagen security school.The main research question raised here is how to analyze the resistance strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East region with the influence of the Copenhagen school.? Also, the hypothesis is proposed that it seems that the strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the military, economic, political and environmental fields in the Middle East region was formed under the influence of the theory of the Copenhagen school and the ideas of Bari Bozan. Manuscript profile
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        720 - a
        azadeh olfati farzad rostami ghodrat ahmadyan
        a
        a Manuscript profile
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        721 - Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on International Security
        Masoud AKHAVAN KAZEMI Tayebeh Sadat Hoseini Fereshteh Bahramipoor
        DOR:20.1001.1.24234974.1398.12.46.1.4
        Today, environmental concerns, has become a serious security question in international relations and created a major inquietude for statesmen and policy makers. Since environmental problems caused by climate change are becoming more serious, it would transform to an inf More
        Today, environmental concerns, has become a serious security question in international relations and created a major inquietude for statesmen and policy makers. Since environmental problems caused by climate change are becoming more serious, it would transform to an influential variable in internal or international conflicts. Climate changes not only destroy human natural habitats but also disrupt social arrangements and increase the likelihood of violent conflicts and endanger peace and international security and affect the environmental justice. The aim of this study is to identify threats and environmental factors resulting from climate changes and analyze their effects on peace and security in the international system. The findings of this study suggest that future climate changes have un undeniable impact on national integration of societies and on the peace and stable security in the international system and will cause the new types of disputes. Manuscript profile
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        722 - Anatomy of Nuclear Talks between Iran and America until CPJA (Barjam) and Adoption of Resolution 2231
        Habibollah Abolhassan Shirazi
        Abstract Nuclear deal between Iran and the P5 + 1 in Vienna on 23 June 94 is as a historic day in the history of international relations. The success of nuclear talks between Tehran and the P5 + 1 is example of the importance and stressing on politics and international More
        Abstract Nuclear deal between Iran and the P5 + 1 in Vienna on 23 June 94 is as a historic day in the history of international relations. The success of nuclear talks between Tehran and the P5 + 1 is example of the importance and stressing on politics and international diplomacy and will be the base of stability in the region and can be described this agreement as a victory for diplomacy. After two years of negotiations, long-term agreement between Iran and the P5 + 1 on Iran's nuclear activities and of sanctions was obtained. On 20 July 2015, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2231 with a comprehensive program of joint action (Barjam). Security Council resolution allowing the transfer of certain nuclear-related equipment to Iran, change two waterfalls at Fordow and updates to Arak’s reactor. The resolution also authorized transfers of nuclear related activities for the implementation of specific obligations in the Barjam knows permitted. European Council also issued a statement which approved first legal action in the form of written procedures to begin implementation of a comprehensive program of action adopted accordingly. Views on the nuclear deal are different, West described it good and fair deal while Iran believes that this agreement has been made in response to the demands of the nation but the agreement has not recognized by Israel. So that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has described the agreement as a historic mistake. Persian Gulf countries also have expressed concern that this agreement is an international cover for nuclear activities of Iran. Reactions to this agreement are different and at a time when many countries have welcomed, Israel strongly opposed this and Saudi Arabia have expressed doubts about it. Israel is at the head of the victim of this agreement, Israeli officials believe Iran has achieved great prizes with the agreement that the award of hundreds of billions of dollars and Iran with such an award can continue their hegemony in the region and the world and this is a historic mistake. This paper investigates and analyzes the content of nuclear talks between Iran and America until the Security Council's 2231 resolution. Manuscript profile
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        723 - The Crisis in Yemen and the Regional Security Strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Farzad Rostami Kamran Lotfi Saeid Pirmohamadi
        Often, in studies related to international relations, the security of activists, especially in the regional arena, is considered as one of the most important principles in the foreign policy of countries. Especially since the political-security issues after the Arab Spr More
        Often, in studies related to international relations, the security of activists, especially in the regional arena, is considered as one of the most important principles in the foreign policy of countries. Especially since the political-security issues after the Arab Spring in the region, have made common interests among the regional actors, and added to the growing concern of Middle East about security. For this reason, today, the regional counterparts in the Middle East who have common interests have generally focused on regional security assemblies in order to maintain their survival. In this regard, the security agenda in the Middle East concerns the crisis in Yemen, which may extend to other areas and challenge the other players' interests. That’s why, the Islamic Republic of Iran, as an active actor and regional hegemony, has been struggling to adopt a protective approach for the Yemeni nation-state in order to secure its regional security since the beginning and growth of the crisis in Yemen. Therefore, the focus of this study is on the efforts of the Islamic Republic of Iran to maintain the axis of resistance, the geopolitical security of Yemen, and to maintain its ideological and regional influence. So, the main question of the present research focuses on the issue which is "what approach of the foreign policy can be relied on for the analysis of the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the crisis in Yemen. Manuscript profile
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        724 - The Impact of the Foreign Policy of Trump Government on the Collective Security Mechanism
        Mohammadreza Bigdeli Kabak Khabiri
        Abstract Collective security mechanism as a model for maintaining and expanding international security requirements, and coordinate, which has been criticized by neo-realists for its idealistic nature .On the other hand, violating this mechanism directly or indirectly a More
        Abstract Collective security mechanism as a model for maintaining and expanding international security requirements, and coordinate, which has been criticized by neo-realists for its idealistic nature .On the other hand, violating this mechanism directly or indirectly affects the function of the collective security model. Throughout history, the US as a supreme power has played an important role in weakening or strengthening the collective security model. Presidents of this country after World War II And based on Truman's doctrine with an internationalist approach, they have been able to define a specific role for the United States in the international security mechanism in their national security doctrine. The forty-fifth president of America Donald Trump, who has considered foreign policy, Has made a mistake In the perspective of the role played by the United States since 1945 with an internationalist approach before the Trump in the international system. America's foreign policy during the presidency of Donald Trump which is rooted in nationalist views, by emphasis on national interests of the United States And with an economics-oriented approach As well as the impact of some of its institutionalized foreign policy features, including unilateralism, Intentionally or unintentionally weaken the collective security. Eventually, this trend intensifies because of the increasing self-sufficiency of governments Will lead to an increase in the anarchy of the international system. Manuscript profile
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        725 - Rethinking Security Institutions from the Perspective of International Relations Theories
        Tahereh Ebrahimifar
        International Relations (IR) obtained a rigid image of security institutions in the Cold War era. This image, of course, stemmed from the security and ideological equations in the divided world between two main blocks so-called the West and the East. Shifting from the r More
        International Relations (IR) obtained a rigid image of security institutions in the Cold War era. This image, of course, stemmed from the security and ideological equations in the divided world between two main blocks so-called the West and the East. Shifting from the rationalist perspective to the Reflectivity one, IR theorization after the Cold War developed the study of the security institutions. In the context of the Post-cold War era, one can consider the security institutions from the Rationalist/ reflectivity perspectives based on a theoretical synthesis including Neoliberal Institutionalism, Defensive Realism, English School, Constructivism and Copenhagen School. In this article, authors attempt to apply the five concepts of interests, threat perceptions, society, identity and urgency from the aforementioned theories respectively on the amount of explication entity of security institutions after the Cold War. Manuscript profile
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        726 - The Methods of Russia’s Encounter with Nato’s Development to the East
        Mohammadjavad Haghshenas Amin Bavir
        Abstract After collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the East Europe countries were one of the problems that become as a trouble for Western European countries and America and at that time these countries (East Europe) were a membership of verso treaty. For these coun More
        Abstract After collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the East Europe countries were one of the problems that become as a trouble for Western European countries and America and at that time these countries (East Europe) were a membership of verso treaty. For these countries, it was necessary to delivered them to join the Western European during a long- term program, so that they cannot be leagued once more with Russia on any conditions in the future .So the development of Nato to the East is pursued at that time. Nato’s development to the East is unnecessary by Russia and knows it as a treaty for his national security. These two developments are into opposition to each other for more than two centuries, but the scale of policy is in far out of Westerners, because up to now , nine countries of Eastern Europe and three countries that become as an organ of Nato and were a part of Soviet territory (Litvani , Letoni , Estonia) for a time . This paper attempts to explore that the styles of Russia’s cooperation with Nato’s development to the East , and also studding the possible method’s between Russia and Nato.         Manuscript profile
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        727 - American military invasion of Iraq and its impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Mohammad Sohrabi
        Abstract: America's invasion and occupation of Iraq in March 2003 that led to the fall of the Baathist regime was the beginning of a new era in relations between Iran and Iraq. The collapse of Saddam's regime, created a unique opportunity for the Islamic Republic to exp More
        Abstract: America's invasion and occupation of Iraq in March 2003 that led to the fall of the Baathist regime was the beginning of a new era in relations between Iran and Iraq. The collapse of Saddam's regime, created a unique opportunity for the Islamic Republic to expand political and cultural power in Iraq. Although this occupation weaken Iraq and the elimination of direct threats of serious national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, but the continued presence of trans-regional powers, internal instability in Iraq, the uncertain future of northern Iraq and increasing regional role of Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and other countries. region and more important than all this continued bumpy device foreign policy we compared to other regional competitors, threats to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran increased so as to increase the role of regional, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Israel the recent military alliance between the two countries, Israel has allowed itself in terms of geography Close to Iran and the presence in northern Iraq to counter Iran closer to your goals. In this paper, factors and elements affecting national security after the occupation of Iraq has been analyzed. Manuscript profile
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        728 - Russia and the New Middle East; Strategies and Challenges
        Seyed Asadollah Athary Shuaib Bahman
          Abstract: Russia and the Middle East have had along-standing historical relations. This relationship has continued over the centuries and in every period has had its peculiarities. So that Russia's relations with the Middle East can be divided into different pe More
          Abstract: Russia and the Middle East have had along-standing historical relations. This relationship has continued over the centuries and in every period has had its peculiarities. So that Russia's relations with the Middle East can be divided into different periods. The Arab Spring has created a completely new situation and new imbalances in the Middle East. It has caused great powers to fear that they will see their regional influence decline, which will affect global stability. Russia is no exception in this regard. After the popular uprisings in the Arab, the Russian leadership sought to formulate a policy to deal with the new situation. The present article seeks to investigate the strategies and challenges of Russia in the new Middle East.       Manuscript profile
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        729 - ISIS and Creation of Balance of Threat in Iran-Iraq Relations
        Abdolmajid Seifi Naser Pourhassan
        Abstract: Iran's relation with its western neighbor is one of the most unusual in the history of foreign relations in international Relations. This relation has included long-term dispute periods and short-term period of peace and coexistence in recent centuries. From 1 More
        Abstract: Iran's relation with its western neighbor is one of the most unusual in the history of foreign relations in international Relations. This relation has included long-term dispute periods and short-term period of peace and coexistence in recent centuries. From 1958 to 2003, there were many severe disputes between two countries that led to eight-year war between them. After escalation the war in Syria and Neo salafist groups’ arrival in this country, most of the Syria’s neighbors are also involved in this crisis. Among these neighbors, Iraq is confronted with a crucial situation. The invasion of Neo salafist groups, especially Islamic State in Iraq and Sham (ISIS), to Iraq due to a crucial condition for both Iraq and Iran. Therefore, the expansion of ISIS presence results in creating a common threat for these neighbors and encourages them to create the balance of threat. This article aims to investigate the impact of ISIS’ expansion to Iraq on creating a balance of Threat in Iraq-Iran relations. Manuscript profile
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        730 - Comparison and Conflict of US- Heshad al-Sha'bi Security Approach in Iraq; Procedure and Perspective
        toraj afshon Abdolhossein Allahkaram
        Abstract: The people security is, in fact, a new concept that, with the formation of a "popular mobilization" in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979, and in Iraq, after ISIL's crackdown, formed part of its territory with the authority, in such a way that the prese More
        Abstract: The people security is, in fact, a new concept that, with the formation of a "popular mobilization" in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979, and in Iraq, after ISIL's crackdown, formed part of its territory with the authority, in such a way that the presence of the ideological elements and the people are prominent in its structure. It can now be argued that the closure of a branch as a public ideological structure actually filled the gap caused by "the ineffectiveness of the structure constructed by the occupiers in the post-fallen period of Saddam" and turned into an intrinsic, efficient and capable force, in the field of security for the community and government in Iraq. The present paper seeks to explain that it is important to rely on people in military- security areas to be more efficient than dependence, and Heshad al-Sha'bi, in spite of some challenges, has had great achievements in the military security scene. To the point that the ineffectiveness of Washington's military security agenda was further enhanced, and pushed the prospect of "building security based on ideological and popular beliefs." Manuscript profile
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        731 - Confrontation of Shiite and Salafi Brotherhood Discourse on Traditional West Asian Security Arrangements within the Analytic Framework of the Copenhagen School
        morteza shirody Ahmad Reza Shah Ali
        DOR:20.1001.1.24234974.1398.12.48.2.9
        The present work seeks to provide a descriptive-analytical approach to a realistic analysis of the competing nature of the (Shiite) discourse of opposition to the Salafist and Brotherhood discourses in the strategic domain of West Asia. So the question that the authors More
        The present work seeks to provide a descriptive-analytical approach to a realistic analysis of the competing nature of the (Shiite) discourse of opposition to the Salafist and Brotherhood discourses in the strategic domain of West Asia. So the question that the authors of this study is trying to answer is why is the impact of the (Shiite) discourse on the West Asian security order in the face of the Salafist and Brotherhood discourses evaluated? The hypothesis raised by this question is that in recent years, the discourse of Shiite resistance to Salafist and Brotherhood discourse has succeeded in bringing the Islamic and revolutionary countries present in the West Asian strategic field in form, method, slogan and in The goal is to influence. The choice of revolutionary Islam as the ideology of struggle and resistance, the attempt to achieve Islamic rule, and the role of intellectual currents in different layers of Islamic societies are examples of the profound effects of (Shiite) discourse on this area. To this end, in order to maintain the political structure of the countries of the region and subsequently to prevent the maximization of the growing power of the discourse, the Salafist and Brotherhood discourses have sought to maximize the discourse of the (Shiite) resistance. This, in turn, has led to the proxy war and sometimes to the hidden discourse between the two mentioned discourses and, of course, to the detriment of the Salafist and Brotherhood discourses. Manuscript profile
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        732 - Political Islam and the West Asian Security Order
        Jahanbakhsh Izadi Hamidreza Akbari
        Abstract To draw Security horizon ofWest Asian region- after Arabic revolutions in 2011- it is imperative to analyze variables and important elements such as political Islam. On this basis, the main currents of political Islam and discourses of recent developments affec More
        Abstract To draw Security horizon ofWest Asian region- after Arabic revolutions in 2011- it is imperative to analyze variables and important elements such as political Islam. On this basis, the main currents of political Islam and discourses of recent developments affecting the region. In this context, the Islamists behavior can be studied in three main categories: 1. extremism and violence in the Middle East, with the advent of emerging trends Takfiri like ISIL. 2. Inability to maintain power and sovereignty by the genuine political Islam movements like the Muslim Brotherhood. 3. Change activism in the resistance movement. The situation of West Asian region is in a period full of tension and chaos with war, Violence and religious and ethnic division’s experiences.The main question is what is the position of political Islam in the development of security order in the Middle East? This article attempts to explore by exploring trends, driving forces and scenarios of political Islam and Islamic movements, and their role in shaping the regional security order in Middle East. Manuscript profile
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        733 - Soft Powerand Its Position inthe Islamic Republicof Iran'sRegional Security
        Mohammadali Khosravi SeyedNurollah Mirashrafi
        Soft power is one of the main indicators of foreign and security policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Every revolutionary political system is always using the indicators of Soft power for their promotion in regional and international position. What is the Islamic a More
        Soft power is one of the main indicators of foreign and security policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Every revolutionary political system is always using the indicators of Soft power for their promotion in regional and international position. What is the Islamic awakening in the Muslim world is gay identity from ideology and can be part of the Islamic Republic's soft power in the form of neo-liberal approach and reflected its links with the Constructivism values. Structural design is a simplistic approach to the use of soft power in Iran's foreign policy ideas has a further assimilation. The indicators and symptoms can be associated with a meaning -oriented approach to the issue of power, xenophobia and denial of whiskers on foreign policy, freedom of action and activism in international politics, activism cooperation based on equality and identity of the foreign policy interest of the contract. Thus components such as pragmatism and xenophobia in Iran's foreign policy can be seen as signs of the use of soft power. Islamic Republic of Iran to take advantage of soft power in the Islamic world and given a new identity by offering the doctrine of religious democracy in regional and trans-regional countries and Islam tends to intensify in the world, especially in the Middle East and Africa. In light of soft power in the Islamic Republic, this considered as a key factor in the creation of regional and international tensions and interactions and fertile fields for independent countries toward America and to promote the role of liberation movements as new actors in the international system. The anti- Zionism on the Islamic perspective and ideological struggle of the Palestinian people, and to fight against Israeli regime is the main priorities of Iran's foreign policy in recent years. Other priorities of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is in the form of soft power means a comprehensive fight against terrorism, ultramodern and the current climate of colonial domination in the form of multiple partnerships Independent and non-aligned countries of the world, particularly in Islamic countries, these priorities will achieve by strengthening multilateralism versus unilateralism experience. Manuscript profile
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        734 - Impact of Insecurity on Development of Neoterrorism in the Middle East An Approach to Iran and Saudi Arabia
        Amir Heshmati Alireza Rezaei
        DOR:20.1001.1.24234974.1398.12.45.3.4
        Abstract Over the recent years, expansion of neo-terrorist groups in the Middle East has shaped a wave of various security threats in the area. Although credible news has been published on downfall and destruction of organizational and logistical cores of these groups i More
        Abstract Over the recent years, expansion of neo-terrorist groups in the Middle East has shaped a wave of various security threats in the area. Although credible news has been published on downfall and destruction of organizational and logistical cores of these groups in Iraq and Syria, there are valid documents suggesting that scattered actions still continue by currents depended on ISIS. Various researches were carried out focusing on root causes of development of neo-terrorism and several measures were taken to confront terrorist acts. Nevertheless, at regional level, there is no effective experiment available on investigations and measures taken to identify the nature of insecurity. This is a qualitative research conducted with descriptive-analytic approach aimed at finding how did identity insecurity of Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia influence the development of neo-terrorism in the Middle East? According to the researcher, unrestrained prevention of biographic narration by Iran and Saudi Arabia , added to creating identity insecurity for both countries, triggered or exacerbated the anxiety caused by shame in credence and regional behavior of these actors, prevented earning honor policy, and in an unplanned manner, led to development of neo-terrorism in the region. Manuscript profile
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        735 - America's Strategy in Afghanistan and Its Impact on National Security of Iran
        Mohammad Tohidfam Farhad Paydar
        Abstract Iran is an important country in the Middle East.The strategic importance of the Hormuz Strait, the Persian Gulf South littoral states, neighboring Pakistan, and Iraq, and most importantly, having a long border with Afghanistan, including the factors that will More
        Abstract Iran is an important country in the Middle East.The strategic importance of the Hormuz Strait, the Persian Gulf South littoral states, neighboring Pakistan, and Iraq, and most importantly, having a long border with Afghanistan, including the factors that will affect America's strategy.On the other hand, the issue of terrorism, narcotics, and other factors, make the relationship between the two countries more important and any of action of America in the neighboring countries of Iran, notably in Afghanistan, has impact on Iran's national security. After 9/11, the war on the terror has led to a convergence of many countries with America.There are important issues in the region that influence on the United States long-term policy.Demographics of Iran and Afghanistan, in addition to a major share of these countries in the global economy and alsonuclearization of the region (which Iran has recently joined it) are all the reasons that has led to handling the strategic depth in Afghanistan and Iran by the United States and thereby influence on the political, economic and military equations of the world. Interaction or conflict with the rival powers could significantly impact on America foreign policy.This is the best opportunity for the United States to pursue its long-term interests by its presence in this strategic regionand by combating the roots of terrorism and drug trafficking in order to implementation of the Greater Middle East Plan and democratization of the region realize the dream of world government of liberal democracy. This paper reviews and analyzes the America's strategy in Afghanistan and its impact on national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.   Manuscript profile
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        736 - Obama’s Foreign Policy in the West of Asia and North Africa Until 2015
        Mohammadjafar Javadi Arjmand Amin Parhizkar Ehsan Khezri
        Abstract Although Most of Critics of Barack Obama‘s Regional strategy believe that Obama lacking a strategy point of view. This reasoning looks completely wrong. When Obama sat on presidential seat he believed that high volume reduction of military commitments and More
        Abstract Although Most of Critics of Barack Obama‘s Regional strategy believe that Obama lacking a strategy point of view. This reasoning looks completely wrong. When Obama sat on presidential seat he believed that high volume reduction of military commitments and political investment in Middle East is one of the vital and important profits of United States. Engrossing of Iraq and also widespread war against terrorism has faced United States lots of problems, particularly in time of recession. Adjusting presence of United States in this region was not only limited to reduction of its physical appearance in Middle East, but also it includes restraint policy, as Syria, Libya and Yemen has proved that. It means United States take steps back in conflicts of region and give more safety to its allies for more responsibility they take. This study show that Obamas has followed this policy, continuously and he resists strongly against efforts is made to stop this policy. Although it is not in favour of everyone in Washington, but it is a clear and comprehensive strategy which has made Obama to take serious proceedings for issues he thought they are important just as national security; the issues such as Iran nuclear program, Palestine-Israel conflicts, Iraq war and specially recent changes in Region.   Manuscript profile
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        737 - The German defense and security policy in the period after the cold war: From national strategy to regional and international responsibility
        Mohammad Tabatabaei Jabbar Khodadust
        With the unification of Germany and the collapse of the bipolar system, the country's foreign policy and security as well as having an extensive transformation . So According to the economic power, the population and the geopolitic position of the German caused Complete More
        With the unification of Germany and the collapse of the bipolar system, the country's foreign policy and security as well as having an extensive transformation . So According to the economic power, the population and the geopolitic position of the German caused Completely new conditions for playing a more active role in the country's economic, political, defense and regional and international security.This research intends to use research methods and analytical -explanatory compiled a library of resources to techniques, to examine the changes and evolution of the defense and security policy in Germany in the period after the cold war. The hypothesis of this research is based on the claim that the resulting space after the end of the cold war and developments in the regional and international level, such as the breakdown of Yugoslavia, the Balkan crisis and the events of September 11, 2001 caused a fundamental transformation in the German defense and security policy, and this country is to adopt an active regional and international strategy . Manuscript profile
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        738 - Middle Eastern Immigrants and Europe Security
        Reza Ekhtiari Hosein Rafie Esmat Arefi
        In recent years the Middle East has been facing with Intense crisis that is resulted of geopolitics rivalries and identical and ideological confrontation, Interventions and rivalry of the Great powers and growth of terrorism and fundamentalism. Outcome of such a situati More
        In recent years the Middle East has been facing with Intense crisis that is resulted of geopolitics rivalries and identical and ideological confrontation, Interventions and rivalry of the Great powers and growth of terrorism and fundamentalism. Outcome of such a situation was different wars and struggles that have been continuing so far and given rise to Displace of millions of people and immigrants to Europe. With regards to that, the present research is amid at to study different security consequence of enter of the Middle Eastern immigrants to Europe. The research method is analytical- explanatory and Copenhagen School is utilized for analyzing the research. The research findings reveal that immigrants’ tsunami to Europe, has threatened security indexes of this region in different sections of political, economic, social and cultural. In other words, flood of the Middle Eastern immigrants to Europe led to increase of terrorist threats, disassemble of ethical combination and consequently national unity, cultural confrontation and multiculturalism, empowering of radical right parties and weakening of political stability of European countries. Also, entry of the immigrants in addition to imposing financial costs for the countries, it has been challenging process of strengthening of European Union as an international institution. Manuscript profile
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        739 - Investigating the Determinant Factors and Processes in the West Asian Security Order Based on the Omni-Balancing Theory
        mohammadreza dehshiri Hossein Shahmoradi
        In this paper, the determinant factors and processes in the West Asian region are investigated in three areas of structures, actors, and processes as interconnected and interrelated items. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the Steven David''s Omni-Ba More
        In this paper, the determinant factors and processes in the West Asian region are investigated in three areas of structures, actors, and processes as interconnected and interrelated items. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the Steven David''s Omni-Balancing theory, asserting that governments not only consider external military threats in their own security calculations, but also address domestic dangers. After reviewing the structures affecting the security order of the region, the writers explain the role of extra-regional, sub-national/non-state and state actors. Then, processes affecting the security order of West Asia will be examined with emphasis on identity differences, poverty and inequality, water crisis and Islamism. The article then focuses on regional patterns of regional security in West Asia, including Puzzle and Chess patterns, which put actors involved in the security equitations of the region in a state of perplexity. The paper concludes that due to the uncertainty and unpredictability of regional dynamics, the lack of a regulative principle, the plurality and diversity of actors and finally the fluid process, it would be difficult to predict the future of regional order and security. In such a situation, it seems that the ultimate solution would be initiatives such as security networking and a strong region. The research method is descriptive-analytic and documentary and reliable internet based sources have been used to collect the information. Manuscript profile
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        740 - Iran Nuclear Security Dilemma from the Perspective of Neo-Realism
        Reza Simbar Reza Rahmdel Mahsa Fallah
        Abstract Our study focuses on neo-realism has Iran Nuclear Conundrum and lack of agreement on a nuclear Marathon. Anarchic structure of the international system after the events of September eleventh causes a turning point in the international system for the world. Ira More
        Abstract Our study focuses on neo-realism has Iran Nuclear Conundrum and lack of agreement on a nuclear Marathon. Anarchic structure of the international system after the events of September eleventh causes a turning point in the international system for the world. Iran tried against the hegemonic power structure of the international system as a resistance range with respect to that coordinates ideological foreign policy spending. The balance of power created after September eleventh exorbitant fees established for Iran sanctions, aerospace, nuclear, oil, international and even took International Economic Exchanges. Nevertheless the issues of Iran’s nuclear powers were causing a disagreement with powerful countries. We tried using neo-realist theory to get the answer security Conundrum of Iran nuclear program. Manuscript profile
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        741 - Opportunities and Challenges of Nation-Building in Afghanistan for Iran
        Mohammadjavad Haghshenas Omran Yousefi
        Abstract With respect of being in Iran strategic environment, Afghanistan is one of the most important components of it. Iran’s strategic environment is such as that Afghanistan has become one of it’s the most important members so that after the enforced wa More
        Abstract With respect of being in Iran strategic environment, Afghanistan is one of the most important components of it. Iran’s strategic environment is such as that Afghanistan has become one of it’s the most important members so that after the enforced war, Afghanistan has made the most important security problems for Iran. Each group with ideological idea in Afghanistan is resulted in security problems for Iran.  Being of western countries especially United States of America in the region, has promoted the border sensitivities between Iran and Afghanistan. Being of western forces in Afghanistan, has brought opportunities and problems for Iran, this paper is going to investigate these problem and opportunities.       Manuscript profile
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        742 - Cooperation of NATO with Persian Gulf Cooperation Council and Its Impact on Security of Iran
        Ardeshir Sanaei Ehsan Taherimehr
        Abstract: Current study is aimed at evaluating the cooperation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) with Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and its influence on security of Islamic Republic of Iran in a descriptive method. The results of study show that close cooper More
        Abstract: Current study is aimed at evaluating the cooperation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) with Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and its influence on security of Islamic Republic of Iran in a descriptive method. The results of study show that close cooperation of Southern Persian Gulf Countries with NATO has negative impacts on security of Islamic Republic of Iran and so limits the interests of Iran in the region. In current situations the operations of NATO in the region are challenging to national interests of Iran, and the attitude of Iran toward NATO as an organization under the direct influence of the United States, is a completely controversial one. Military presence of all high-ranking NATO members in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea and existence of their different defense treaties with Iran’s southern neighbor countries and independent common-wealth ones in North of Iran, especially with Azerbaijan, are examples of the military presence of NATO and its high-ranking members in borders of Iran. This can be considered as a threat against security of Islamic Republic of Iran. Financial and army supports of the U.S and its allies for Iraq during imposed war, supports of most of high-ranking members of NATO on Iran oppositions, their supports for territorial claims of Arab Countries on Persian Gulf Islands, unprecedented selling of modern weapons and army facilities to GCC member-states, their overuses of the human rights subject against Iran as a political means, their accusations based on Iran’s achievement to mass destruction weapons or Iran’s supports for terrorist attacks, are among negative elements of NATO attitude toward Iran. Presence in defense and security treaties of the region is among the most critical strategies of Islamic Republic of Iran to overcome new threats and to defuse enemies’ plots on ignoring Iran in regional relations. Manuscript profile
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        743 - The Impact of Energy Role on Bilateral Relations of Germany and Russia
        Habbib Allah Abolhassan Shirazi Ebrahim Meraji
        Abstract After the collapse of the Soviet Union and German unity, it was perhaps hard to predict that two countries relations in various aspects go to the close relationship. German and Russian relations are having a very long history, from ups and downs and convergenc More
        Abstract After the collapse of the Soviet Union and German unity, it was perhaps hard to predict that two countries relations in various aspects go to the close relationship. German and Russian relations are having a very long history, from ups and downs and convergence to divergence and war to peace. Elements and different items have been influenced on the bilateral relations between two countries. The energy factor was the major element affecting bilateral relations particularly after the Cold War. developing and strategic relations of the two countries and the role of energy for count nation of this relationship and its impact on bilateral relations between them is important issue in the present paper which we are attempting to evaluate it.  Manuscript profile
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        744 - Tension Development and Transition from Turkish strategical balancing in the Middle East
        Ebrahim Mottaghi Fatemeh Nekoolal Azad Amir Ramezani
        Abstract Transition from balancing can be regarded as the advent of neo-Ottomanize strategies. Neo-Ottomanize has found new ties with the realities of Caliphate and rule-oriented groups. Since the Justice and Development Party has close ideological ties with the rule-or More
        Abstract Transition from balancing can be regarded as the advent of neo-Ottomanize strategies. Neo-Ottomanize has found new ties with the realities of Caliphate and rule-oriented groups. Since the Justice and Development Party has close ideological ties with the rule-oriented Society of the Muslim Brothers, it has exerted notable influence on the mechanisms concerning political and security roles it can play in Turkey and the Middle East. The new assessment of the elements of power and the political role played by Turkey goes back to the time when the Justice and Development Party made an attempt to follow a new model of neo-Ottomanize in the structure as well as the regional strategic goals of Turkey. Although Ahmet Davutoğlu brought forward the theory of Strategic Depth: Turkey’s Position in International Relations”, the approach could not pave the grounds for regional balancing in Turkey’s security- policies. The strategic ties of Turkey and Saudi Arabia have affected the balancing process. The present study shows the “balancing strategy” has failed in its function to minimize the contradictions between Turkey and its surrounding including the Arabic Middle East and the East Mediterranean. The key question posed by the article is “Why the strategic balancing in the Justice and Development Party’s foreign policy has undergone a change?” Our hypothesis stresses that regional crises and emergence of new security contradictions in the Middle East has made it inevitable for Turkey to support regional Caliphate in its foreign policy while Turkey’s strategic balancing is inclined towards developing the interaction-cooperation-competition model with regards to the necessities of international policies as well as the strategic necessities of Turkey in its regional and international treaties. Manuscript profile
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        745 - America's Foreign Policy in the Fight against Terrorism: Kabul-Washington Security Pact Aims and Consequences
        Esmaeil Bibourdi کابک خبیزی محمد حسن شاه رضایی
        The terrorism event of 11th September 2001 and invasion of U.S to Afghanistan during less than one month after this event (in 7th of October of the same year) makes Afghanistan as a focal point in U.S foreign policy. In this direction political and security changes in A More
        The terrorism event of 11th September 2001 and invasion of U.S to Afghanistan during less than one month after this event (in 7th of October of the same year) makes Afghanistan as a focal point in U.S foreign policy. In this direction political and security changes in Afghanistan after raid to this country and capture it by allied forces, has been one of the most important and complicated regional and international challenges during past decay. This problem has been under the influence of some factors like bases, interests, objects and different policies, and in some various cases regional and international actors, in face of Afghanistan and uncertainty of common regional policy with respect to it. This changes has caused continuous political, social and security quarrels in this country. In a present century, whatever threatened the American interests in a view of U.S leaders is terrorism phenomenon. On the other side the focal point of U.S foreign policy in new thousandth is struggle with terrorism. American existence threat in recent years isn't from the side of international famous actors; the main disturbance of U.S leaders isn't arising from the interests struggle with continental powers or provisional powers but their pioneer challenge coming a different kind of actor in a scene. It is for the first time that the U.S during its history encounter with N.G.O actor as a main threat, so the U.S encounter with a threat that can call emergence of emerge terrorism. U.S hegemony power and vital role of this country in the world is a factor that create a universal new order and from the other side powerful presence of U.S in Afghanistan territory during past 13 years finally lead to drawn up Kabul-Washington security contract during Ashraf Ghany government caused that I reimburse to the role of U.S foreign policy in drawing up this contract and effect of it in the security of region and Islamic republic of Iran. Manuscript profile
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        746 - The cause of Turkey's crackdown on the nuclear program (1955-2016)
        Fereshte Mir hossaini Mohammadsadegh Kushki
        Although already in South West Asia, the Islamic Republic of Iran is the only country with a nuclear power plant, but in the coming years, the country will not remain unrivaled in the nuclear industry. Turkey, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabic are countri More
        Although already in South West Asia, the Islamic Republic of Iran is the only country with a nuclear power plant, but in the coming years, the country will not remain unrivaled in the nuclear industry. Turkey, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabic are countries that plan to have nuclear power plant in the future.This paper examines the history, goals and current status of the nuclear energy program of the Republic of Turkey. there are most of the initial capacity and historical motives for moving toward nuclear energy in Turkey. But especially since the AKP came to power in 2002 and the success of Iran's nuclear program more attention to nuclear plant construction in Turkey. The purpose of This paper is examining nuclear energy program of Turkey. The main question of paper is, "Why the Turkish government's nuclear energy program has followed more than six decades?". It seems that concerns about dependence on energy imports and the quest for energy security are the most important reasons for Turkey to achieve "nuclear. capability". Review and analysis of the data shows that in the near future Turkey's first nuclear power plant will be operate. Manuscript profile
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        747 - EU financial and Economic Crisis and European Political and Security Integration
        Alireza Ghorbanpour Najafabadi Mahnaz Gudarzi
        Abstract 2007 can be considered as the beginning of one of the deepest and most influential global crisis. The financial and economic crisis that hit keys from the States of America spread among the other member countries of the capitalist system. European Union as one More
        Abstract 2007 can be considered as the beginning of one of the deepest and most influential global crisis. The financial and economic crisis that hit keys from the States of America spread among the other member countries of the capitalist system. European Union as one of the most important actors in the international system with the liberal democratic foundation was not an exception to this. But what makes it different for prominent analysts is the impact of the crisis on the process of political and security integration of European Union. Since the beginning of formation of the crisis, the impact of that on the political and security integration was the major question for analysts. This article seeks to answer this question with the analytical methods. This article believes that given the economic foundation of European integration -despite the EU's success in managing the crisis- financial and economic crisis has hurt the political and security integration of Europe and due to the slow pace of economic recovery and the fragility of Europe's economy, its threatening shadow over the political and security integration is maintained. Manuscript profile
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        748 - Arms Race and Management of Regional Defense in the States of Persian Gulf (1990-2010)
        Hadi Sadeghi aval Farhad Ghasemi Bahareh Purjam
        Traditionally, units of International System have sought military competition to provide for their own security and the management of regional and international defense which has led to arms race .In recent years, arms race mainly is seen between Arab countries in the P More
        Traditionally, units of International System have sought military competition to provide for their own security and the management of regional and international defense which has led to arms race .In recent years, arms race mainly is seen between Arab countries in the Persian Gulf .In fact, regardless of the strategic and ideological competition in the Arab countries against Islamic Republic of Iran, western governments and the United States, directly or indirectly, due to issues such as energy security, increase arms race in the region. For this reason, that is important to understand of nature and dimensions of the arms race across the Persian Gulf regional security. According to this model, in this article we are looking for to discuss the dominant pattern or model to govern the game of military conflict in the Persian Gulf region in the period 1990-2010.It is clear that the importance of this period is because Major developments shaping the global and regional arms race Such as the consequences of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the rise of extreme groups (such as Al Qaeda and the Taliban), the September 11 attacks, the invasion of Iraq in 2003 influenced International Policy and the Middle East. Manuscript profile
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        749 - Iran Common Hydro-Politics Challenges with Iraq & Afghanistan: The Case Study of Hirmand/Helmand & Arvand/Shatt Al-Arab From 2001 - 2010
        Hamid Pishgah Hadian Alireza Hejazi
          Abstract The research aiming to analyze, describe water interactions between Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan from 2001 to 2010. International Security process depends on variety of Independent Variables. Water is one of those Strategic parameters. Indeed, Water can play More
          Abstract The research aiming to analyze, describe water interactions between Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan from 2001 to 2010. International Security process depends on variety of Independent Variables. Water is one of those Strategic parameters. Indeed, Water can play as a fundamental source of peace, security & conflict among UN member states foreign policy. Nonetheless, U.S. is Iran's neighbor after Mexico and Canada inside occupied Afghanistan and Iraq. Is it a threat? Water scarcity in a region can generate variety of insecurities. Global threads like dust storms, drug, HIV Aids, terrorism, pollution, poverty and environmental crisis, can travel easily around the world and moving across national borders. In opposition, human security paradigm, introduce variety of different type of security, like economical, political, social, health, personal, environmental security. Human security has not any link with weapon. "Human security entails basic material needs, human dignity, Human security describes a condition of existence in which basic material needs are met and in which human dignity, including meaningful participation in the life of the community, can be met". Promoting basin wide human security, not only, for Iran's people, but also for neighbors, would bring peace, security and stability Manuscript profile
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        750 - Comparative Study on America and Policies Relating to Energy Security in Southern Caucasia
        Seyednurollah Mirashrafi Davoud Kiyani Ali Shirkhani
        AbstractNew geopolitics competition between the United States and Russia in order to control and reach energy resources and transfer lines are controversial in southern Caucasia. In recent years, in the field of the competition, the United States and Russia have been ma More
        AbstractNew geopolitics competition between the United States and Russia in order to control and reach energy resources and transfer lines are controversial in southern Caucasia. In recent years, in the field of the competition, the United States and Russia have been main actors of geopolitics play, oil play, and pipe line play or great play. Russia, as the earliest power to access the region oil transfer to the world market, has emphasized on its role and importance, placing traditional and monopolistic energy transfer to Europe in the center of its plans. The US, on the other hand, with the idea of predominating energy reserves and maintaining the security of pipe lines, follows the strategy of multiple pipe lines, while pivoting on the elimination of Russia from Southern Caucasia. With all this in mind, in this article, we are trying to research the two countries’ different policies in Southern Caucasia.Key words: Southern Caucasia, interaction of America and Russia policies, security of energy, transfer of energy, competition of the America and Russia Manuscript profile
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        751 - The Status of Iran's Nuclear Program in Israel's Security Doctrine
        Hamid Nikoo Morteza Sovailami
        The issue of Iran and the Zionist regime can be explained in the framework of the game of zero sum. It means that the existence of this regime is intolerable for the Islamic Republic of Iran and on the other hand, the Zionist regime accused the Islamic Republic of Iran More
        The issue of Iran and the Zionist regime can be explained in the framework of the game of zero sum. It means that the existence of this regime is intolerable for the Islamic Republic of Iran and on the other hand, the Zionist regime accused the Islamic Republic of Iran as an existential threat to itself for reasons such as using Iran for its missile power and its nuclear program and significant influence in the Islamic world. In this way, this regime will take advantage of the potential and strategic capabilities of the West, including the United States. In this regard, creating a pressure to prevent the development of Iran's nuclear program is the security strategy of this regime. On the other hand, after the "deal" nuclear deal, it was promising that Iran's oil and finance sanctions would be eliminated in exchange for restrictions on nuclear enrichment. On the other hand, after a nuclear deal namely “Barjam”, it was promising that Iran's oil and finance sanctions in exchange for restrictions on nuclear enrichment will be eliminated. This agreement also reflects the consolidation of Iran as the hegemony of the region; an issue that seemed to have been accepted by the United States. But Israeli Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, condemned Iran's nuclear weapons as the worst possible outcome in the current situation. And so the Arab Persian Gulf states felt that they had been abandoned. This article examines the status of Iran's nuclear program in the Zionist security doctrine. Manuscript profile
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        752 - Precedence of Israel Foreign & Security Policy in New Regional Area
        Mohammad Sohrabi Ehsan Jannati
        Abstract: From the preliminary of creating the Zionist regime, the approach of foreign policy and security of Israel, based on factious religious teachings, strategy of extend pending territories and building town, obtain to strategic depth, dominance on challenges and More
        Abstract: From the preliminary of creating the Zionist regime, the approach of foreign policy and security of Israel, based on factious religious teachings, strategy of extend pending territories and building town, obtain to strategic depth, dominance on challenges and internal splits and in extreme gain to ideal of the greater Israel in order to realization the promises of the old testament. New, after passage the sixty years from the creating this regime and passage the several wars and 33day war between Hizbullah and Israeli army- also knowledge toward internal splits and challenges and the will of public opinion on creation and secure the safety, Israel decided to change its foreign policy and security to obtain the permanent security. This vicissitude is inclusive the decision of this regime for withdrawal from the occupied territories, redefinition of borders and rectification of regional strategies instead of occupied and mastery. It is evident that this vicissitude will have affects and consequences on area of regional and Iran. Manuscript profile
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        753 - Iran and Turkey in Central Asia Security Complex
        ELAHEH KOOLAEE Peyman Kaviani Far
        DOR:20.1001.1.24234974.1398.12.45.6.7
        During last 25 years, Central Asia’s stability has permanently witness with increasing difficult and complicated situation. All the countries of the region have experienced low or high pressures of nationalistic trends. Meanwhile appearance of domestic challenges, More
        During last 25 years, Central Asia’s stability has permanently witness with increasing difficult and complicated situation. All the countries of the region have experienced low or high pressures of nationalistic trends. Meanwhile appearance of domestic challenges, difficulties of the ear of independence, weakness in state- building and nation- building, spread of peripheral problems in the region, geopolitical vacuum, and finally activities of regional and international players especially after 9/11, have made very complicated the security sphere of Central Asia. In a such condition of cooperation and competition of foreign players, intervention of trans regional powers have a very deep impact on the regional security that could have positive or negative effects on these developments. This paper focus on this question that, “what are the opportunities for Iran and Turkey to play their role in the Central Asian security complex?” To answer this question, the authors first describe the security sphere pf Central Asia and use the theory of “Security Complex”. Then by analyzing Iran’s and Turkey’s capacities to play role in this context. The method of this research is descriptive- analytical. Manuscript profile
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        754 - The role of identity in shaping and guiding the policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in response to the Syrian crisis
        saman mohammadi mahdi zakerian
        The wave of revolutions in Arab countries has had a great impact on the strategic position and interests of Iran's regions. The most important of these waves is the arrival of its regional ally, Syria, led by Bashar al-Assad. From the beginning of the unrest, Iran's sup More
        The wave of revolutions in Arab countries has had a great impact on the strategic position and interests of Iran's regions. The most important of these waves is the arrival of its regional ally, Syria, led by Bashar al-Assad. From the beginning of the unrest, Iran's support for the Syrian regime was clear. The Islamic Republic of Iran followed the developments in Syria with special care and sensitivity, and as an important regional actor and power, tried to take action in order to maintain strategic relations with this country and also to protect its national and regional interests. To take positions in support of the government of Bashar al-Assad in Syria. Therefore, the present article seeks to answer the question of what factors and requirements have influenced the policy and stance of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the Syrian crisis? The present article, while pointing to the realistic dimensions of Iran's foreign policy, based on the identity components of the Islamic Republic of Iran, analyzes the country's positions on the Syrian crisis. In general, the present study suggests that Iran's foreign policy, and in particular its participation in the Syrian civil war, reflects pragmatism aimed at maintaining the balance of power and maximizing its security while maintaining and expanding revolutionary identity (including religious ethics and normative values). ) have been. Manuscript profile
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        755 - The Role of Ethnicities in Search of Political New Federalism of Iraq
        Bijan Nayeri Mohamadamin Ansari
        Abstract Iraq after the overturn of Saddam and formation of new political institutions and recognition of all ethnicities and religions in the Constitution was affected by a dramatic social revolution. The features of political geography in Iraq led to its breakdown in More
        Abstract Iraq after the overturn of Saddam and formation of new political institutions and recognition of all ethnicities and religions in the Constitution was affected by a dramatic social revolution. The features of political geography in Iraq led to its breakdown into north, center and south, each with its own origin. In northern and Kurd-residing regions, their main concern is to establish federalism and adding Kirkuk (the area in conflict between Kurds, Sunni Arabs, and Turkmens, with 40% of Iraqi oil) Of course, making such a claim has led to riffles between Kurds and Arabs (Shiite and Sunni) and in these areas, Kurds are placed against Arabs. In southern mainly Shiite areas (60% of Iraq oil), affected somehow by Shiites in neighboring countries (mainly Islamic Republic of Iran), this has led to Conflicts between Sunni Arabs and Kurds against Shiite in charge of government. But in the central area which is host of Sunni Arabs, reasons such as bad climate and lack of appropriate soil for agriculture and lack of oil causes that whenever  Kurdish federalism and Shiite federalism   is proposed, Sunni Arabs against Kurds and Shiites. In Iraqi administrative system, undesirable management quality makes mangers be interested in their ethnic interests instead of seeking administrative system efficiency, and this creates hater in other groups and ethnicities. Another barrier against national unity, is the paradox in creating national government, as a barrier against security and democracy and makes governance patterns in the region affect that and add to this paradox. In this article, the inside of Iraqi society and the relationship between ethnicities and competitions inside the government to attain political power and seize governmental posts are studied.      Manuscript profile
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        756 - The Effects of September 11 Incident on Russia’s Position in the International System (2001-2010)
        SeyedMohammad Tabatabaie Razieh Hazrati
        Abstract September 11 incident leaded to some principle changes in international security and many see it evens more important than the results of the Cold War. This incident not only changed the structure of international system, but made countries to redefine their f More
        Abstract September 11 incident leaded to some principle changes in international security and many see it evens more important than the results of the Cold War. This incident not only changed the structure of international system, but made countries to redefine their foreign relations. US relation with its rival in Cold War, Russia, entered into a new stage. The question studied in this paper is: “what are the effects of 9/11 on Russia`s position in international system?” The hypothesis is that the 9/11 incident leaded to an increasing role of Russia in the international system according to the security and political requirements of the US. In this article, the reasons of cooperation between Russia and US is based on offensive realism, US security and its political requirements of the after 9/11 and its effects on the increasing importance of Russia`s position in international system are carefully studied.     Manuscript profile
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        757 - Iran and Saudi Security Deconstruction Controversy (2001-2014)
        Reza Simbar
        Security Struggle between Iran and Saudi in the Middle East rather than by competing national interests of both countries will be affected by the symptoms it is linguistics competition.Two Governments seek to dominate the Islam world through the lens of their own knowle More
        Security Struggle between Iran and Saudi in the Middle East rather than by competing national interests of both countries will be affected by the symptoms it is linguistics competition.Two Governments seek to dominate the Islam world through the lens of their own knowledge.Due to fundamental differences in the Linguistic symptoms competition and conflict between the two countries' bilateral not lessened but rather highly developed forms of militant groups affiliated.Syria crisis , the battle between the Lebanese Hezbollah group and Dash (ISIL) in Syria, clashes in Iraq's Sunni and Shiite sectarian militias, sectarian clashes in Lebanon's internal governance of the crisis, some Persian Gulf countries including Bahrain Syndrome battle hardened ideological foundations of linguistics in the Middle East. n other hand, Noting that the two countries' foreign policy will be strictly limited to the ideological foundation of linguistic elements thatPossibility of a quick solution to control terrorism in the Middle East region is subdued in the short term.With these qualities you should look at the struggle of the foreign policy of Saudi Arabia and Iran, the will power to develop different forms of fundamentalism text to see both sides to the terror leader is.Thus, what is needed in part to linguistic analysts of international relations in the Middle East conflicts and problems to simply consider issues not such as the balance of power? Manuscript profile
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        758 - Constructivist Understanding ofInternational Terrorism
        رضا سیمبر رضا رحم دل مهسا فلاح
            Abstract Structure for understanding the behaviour of terrorist groups, including al Qaeda, which combines the analytical approach and methodology in the field of spiritual and material factors are also areas provides an opportunity to delve deeper study o More
            Abstract Structure for understanding the behaviour of terrorist groups, including al Qaeda, which combines the analytical approach and methodology in the field of spiritual and material factors are also areas provides an opportunity to delve deeper study of violent behaviour down the group. Hence, the identity structures - mentality, these groups were assessed and the physical structures noted. Post-ideological world, the security of the international system and its arrangements and the formation of groups in modern structures will discuss and evaluate. In this regard, structure based on domination and illegitimate governments in shaping the Islamic Extremist and sectarian groups involved were plentiful. This paper attempts to study al-Qaeda and similar groups from a new perspective and a new approach.         Manuscript profile
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        759 - Analysis of the content of the national security strategy of the United States of America towards the Islamic Republic of Iran (2001-2021)
        Hossein Mozneb Mohammad Reza Ghaedi Reza Simber
        PRB-2303-2429(R1)
        After World War II, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States of America has always claimed supremacy in the international system and has explained its foreign policies based on the national security strategy in every presidential term. On the More
        After World War II, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States of America has always claimed supremacy in the international system and has explained its foreign policies based on the national security strategy in every presidential term. On the other hand, the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a regional superpower, has been able to create a new form of regional order with its material and spiritual influence in West Asian countries. The conflict between the interests of the United States and Iran raises the question that the national security strategies of the United States of America during the years 2001-2021 have become in practice what strategies have they turned into in relation to Iran? In response to the proposed hypothesis, "The United States of America, by adopting its aggressive national security strategies towards Iran, is seeking to limit Iran's interests in the international system so that it can increase its interests and finally become the supreme hegemon in The international system should be transformed." After examining the sources of the first category indicators (economic and security strategies) with the method of integrated content analysis (quantitative and qualitative), the results showed: America initially follows the policy of changing Iran's behavior and containment, and then the policy of engagement and pressure And finally, it turned into containment and behavior change, and in order to implement these strategies during this period, it has imposed more and more diverse sanctions against Iran every year Manuscript profile
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        760 - Interpretative Construction of Security in terms of Constructivism
        Hassan Eivazzadeh Ardebili
        Constructivism is as a new and exquisite view in the contemporary international relations. It seems to be as a mainstream alternative which can enough to stop the rationalist ideas that they pay. In this respect, the aim is security issue and its changes in the post Col More
        Constructivism is as a new and exquisite view in the contemporary international relations. It seems to be as a mainstream alternative which can enough to stop the rationalist ideas that they pay. In this respect, the aim is security issue and its changes in the post Cold War. The author attempts to evaluate the security issue in view of Constructivism which seem to indicate between different identities and security in interaction with the rules and norms intellectual and cultural world of contemporary international relations will be developed.   Manuscript profile
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        761 - Role of Energy in the Chinese Middle East Politics
        Alireza Soltani Maryam Derakhshandeh Lazerjani Mohammad Rahgui
        Abstract This century can be named "Energy Century". Once energy was only of concern as fuel during wars, and now due to significant impact of oil on world economy it has much more important role to play. In other word energy is the backbone of development, and now it More
        Abstract This century can be named "Energy Century". Once energy was only of concern as fuel during wars, and now due to significant impact of oil on world economy it has much more important role to play. In other word energy is the backbone of development, and now it is considered as a strategic good for developed and underdevelopment countries. Among other continent, due to fastest growth in energy consumption Asia, energy issue is one of the most important issues to be concerned. Considering the fast economic growth, reduction of inland energy resource, increase of needs to energy and increase of energy import have depended the China to foreign energy, so that China now is the second consumer of energy in the world after U.S.A. Knowing this, and considering the role of energy in economic development of countries, energy has reached to the first place of issue for the China. In addition, being one of the greatest energy resources in the world, Middle East is one of the most strategic areas in China s diplomacy. So that this area produces about half of China s needs. In this way, interaction with states of this region may lead to mutual dependence by China. Chinese therefore have planned to develop their relations with these states through soft diplomacy. Accepting interpretation we can conclude that a mutual dependence is about to form between these states and China, in other word Middle East states have the possibility to redeem China form its energy concerns, and in response China may fulfill some strategic, technology and financial needs of these state. So there are several interesting fields to start a dialogue with China, to establish a mutual dependence pattern focusing on energy.       Manuscript profile
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        762 - National Security of Israel and Strategy of Military Threat against Iran
        Morteza Mahmoodi1
        Israel is one of the most serious threats against the Islamic Republic of Iran. Since 1990 Israeli authorities have repeatedly announced that if Iran reach nuclear bomb and complete Bushehr nuclear plant, they will attack it. Iran's discourse after Islamic Republic revo More
        Israel is one of the most serious threats against the Islamic Republic of Iran. Since 1990 Israeli authorities have repeatedly announced that if Iran reach nuclear bomb and complete Bushehr nuclear plant, they will attack it. Iran's discourse after Islamic Republic revolution have been deeply affected by cultural – religious factors, Independence and rejection of the hegemonic discourse, the discourse of Islamism and ethnic supremacy negation, the unity of the Islamic Forum and supportive discourses towards Palestinians and the elimination of Israel and the rejection of all foreign forces from the region which are caused by this issue. On the other side Israelis have announced their animosity towards Iran. Based on current discourse in Israel, Israeli authorities have said these reasons as their animosity towards Iran: Iran's support from Palestinian groups who are against Israel, Iran's opposition for Middle East peace process, Iran's reach to nuclear weapon. But from the evidence it can be seen that the main factor is nuclear weapon. Israeli authorities are worried about radical Islamism and nuclear weapon. The main cause of military threat of Israel towards Islamic Republic of Iran is ideological which should be said is forever. The main question of this research is that what is the main reason of military threat of Israel towards Iran? the hypothesis that answers this question is that the most important reason for Israel to threaten Iran is identity and fearing Iran to be nuclear and breaking its monopoly, increasing Iran's power and isolation of Israel in the region. Based on this, with securitization of Iran's issue and magnifying its threat on others minds Israel tries to use all the instruments again Islamic Republic of Iran, while Iran is pursuing peaceful nuclear energy for research and development. In this article we from Copenhagen School of thought the subject are examined. Manuscript profile
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        763 - A Survey on the Challenges of Foreign Policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and England in the Persian Gulf
        Abbasali Rahbar Seyd Javad Sahihonnasab
        Abstract With the appearance of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1357, there was a new era of relations in foreign policy of the country. Of which can be modified for Iran's foreign policy is pro-west policy of the former regime and changed to the principle of neither More
        Abstract With the appearance of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1357, there was a new era of relations in foreign policy of the country. Of which can be modified for Iran's foreign policy is pro-west policy of the former regime and changed to the principle of neither East nor West after the Islamic Revolution. Persian Gulf region is one of the world's major region which have attracted the attention of great powers and Iran is very important country of the region for various reasons, including the long history of civilization and being the longest beach in the area and possession of the strategic Strait of Hormoz and the country's rich oil and gas area. Britania as a great power in the Persian Gulf region has a long history in this important area, and attempts to influence the course of events after the September eleven, it will going through an active role in regional and global affairs. Besides having great powers such as Britain and the whole of the advanced industrial world's oil and energy resources in the Persian Gulf makes always look for transit security in the region to control its resources to the West.  However with the appearance of these countries in the region, we need to examine the British foreign policy in this area in order to understand the challenges of foreign policy, as a global power. Therefore, in this study, some of the most important foreign policy challenges both England and the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Persian Gulf as the power and influence have worked in the area studied.       Manuscript profile
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        764 - بازتاب هویت ملی و هویت قومی در مطبوعات محلی
        مهدی روحانی علی جعفری اکبر حیدری
        Manuscript profile
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        765 - New developments in Arab-Israeli relations and its impact on the security of the ontology of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Mohammad Sarami Siamak Bahrami Iraj Ranjbar
        Arab countries have tried to deal with the formation of the Zionist regime through four wars, and in this regard, several resolutions and peace plans have been issued by the United Nations and some governments to end this conflict, but In the end, the failure of the Ara More
        Arab countries have tried to deal with the formation of the Zionist regime through four wars, and in this regard, several resolutions and peace plans have been issued by the United Nations and some governments to end this conflict, but In the end, the failure of the Arabs in front of Israel to the extent that even a part of the land of the Arab countries was occupied by the Zionist regime caused the Arab countries to give up their confrontational position with Israel and one after the other try to normalize their relations with Israel. Based on this, the main question of the current research has been raised as follows: What effect have the new developments in Arab-Israeli relations had on the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran from an ontological point of view? This hypothesis has been proposed that the new developments in Arab-Israeli relations by reducing the conditions of uncertainty, due to the reproduction of the previous self-understanding and the deepening of the constant and continuous understanding of the Islamic Republic of Iran's identity, priorities, goals and interests, will lead to the improvement of security. It has been systematized. The findings show that after the Islamic Revolution, the Islamic Republic of Iran saw the relations between Arabs and Israel in conflict with its identity and has always tried to create divergence in the relations between Arabs and Israel. Manuscript profile
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        766 - بررسی اسنادی کارکردهای حکومت پهلوی اول در استان مازندران
        morteza shirody Mohamadtaghi Poortaher
        چکیدهتوسعه و نوسازی را از اقدامات مؤثر دوره حکمرانی رضاشاه، می خوانند که طی آن، وضع عمومی مردم، بهبودی چشم گیر یافت،زروگویی متنفذین و خوانین محلی، پایان پذیرفت، مالیات گیری از مردم،وضعی عادلانه، پیدا کرد، وضع مالی و اقتصادی عمومی، پیشرفت نمود، سبک زندگی سنتی مردم دگرگون More
        چکیدهتوسعه و نوسازی را از اقدامات مؤثر دوره حکمرانی رضاشاه، می خوانند که طی آن، وضع عمومی مردم، بهبودی چشم گیر یافت،زروگویی متنفذین و خوانین محلی، پایان پذیرفت، مالیات گیری از مردم،وضعی عادلانه، پیدا کرد، وضع مالی و اقتصادی عمومی، پیشرفت نمود، سبک زندگی سنتی مردم دگرگون شد، یاغیان و اشرار را قدرتی برای برهم زدن نظم، نبود،شاه، حافظ عرض، مال و ناموس مردم بود و... اما آیا چنین توسعه ای با رضایت مردم، همراه بود؟ آیا در توسعه شهری، به رسوم و اعتقادات مردم، توجه شد؟ آیا طراحی و اجرای پروژه های بهسازی، بر اساس منافع ملی صورت گرفت یا منافع شخصی و کاسبکارانه مجریان در آن، دخالت داشت؟ سئوالاتی از این دست، تنها بخشی از سئوالاتی اند که به آن در مقاله پیش رو، با ذکر شواهد عینی از اسناد قطعی تاریخ پهلوی اول، پاسخ داده می شود. روش تحقیق، بررسی اسناد مجلس شورای ملی در دوره حکومت شانزده ساله رضاشاه در ولایت مازندران است.انتخاب مازندران بدان علت صورت گرفت تا نشان دهیم اقدامات رضاشاه در این ولایت، مشتی به نشانه خروار است؟! Manuscript profile
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        767 - Strategic analysis of "elections" and "security" on the continuity of the Islamic revolution Batakidbrandishe of the Supreme Leader
        rashid rekabian naser pourhasan
        Issue: Considering that the Islamic Republic is considered a religious democratic system and all the senior officials of the system are elected through direct or indirect vote of the people, therefore elections are of special importance in it. For this reason, from the More
        Issue: Considering that the Islamic Republic is considered a religious democratic system and all the senior officials of the system are elected through direct or indirect vote of the people, therefore elections are of special importance in it. For this reason, from the beginning of the Islamic Revolution So far, 40 elections have been held, and people's participation has stabilized security, and participation in elections in the past fourteen decades has been influential in the continuation of the Islamic revolution.Necessity and importance: health and security in elections are very important and important, he added that the existence of these two components is essential for "sovereignty" and a safe and healthy environment for holding elections should be provided with the help of executive and security agents.The main question: How does the relationship between elections and the national security of the Islamic Republic affect the authority and continuity of the Islamic Revolution?Findings: From the processing of the hypothesis that was formulated in response to the mentioned question and analyzed based on the SWAT strategic model, it indicates that the Islamic Republic has outstanding strengths and limited weaknesses in the domestic environment due to holding elections. Elections are based on the strength-opportunity strategy. transforms and strengthens the national security and continuity of the Islamic Republic. The hypothesis of this article is processed with a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile
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        768 - The effect and confrontation of virtual social networks on the dimensions of national security of the discourse of the Islamic revolution (case study: Telegram channel of Amadanews)
        Sayyed Saeid Safavi Ahmad Bakhshayesh Ardestani Mohammad Tohidfam
        The Islamic Revolution, as a discourse, has always been subject to various discourse conflicts that are carried out by competing and hostile discourses. In this research, one of the most important issues in this field, that is, national security, is considered in the di More
        The Islamic Revolution, as a discourse, has always been subject to various discourse conflicts that are carried out by competing and hostile discourses. In this research, one of the most important issues in this field, that is, national security, is considered in the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, and the effects of social networks on it have been investigated. In this research, Amad News Telegram channel has been investigated and analyzed using qualitative method and data obtained from field research (interview). The main question of this research is that what effects did this channel have on the internal dimension of national security of the Islamic Revolution during its activity?The findings show that, in the national dimension, Amadyaoz by "directing and deviating public opinion" and "creating duality" and at the "individual level" in two dimensions by encouraging "civil disobedience"&"individual departure against the system under the influence of this network's inductions". At the level of the government structure, mechanisms such as"destroying the internal and regional power of the system","creating erosion and costing the system","separation of the people, the system and the revolution"&"inducing corruption in all the elements of the system" are widely used to confront the discourse.The Islamic Revolution is used and in this way, it has faced a challenge to the national security and by intensifying the differences and insecurity, it has clearly had a negative and destructive effect on the national security in the internal dimension, and in general, it calls into question the whole discourse of the Islamic Revolution. Manuscript profile
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        769 - بررسی ادراک مشتریان از امنیت و اعتماد در مدیریت سیستم‌های پرداخت الکترونیکی(مورد کاوی : مؤسسات مالی اعتباری شهر تهران)
        عباس صالح اردستانی شادی سراج هاشمی
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        770 - بررسی اثرات شخصیت و ادراکات مشتریان بر پذیرش بانکداری اینترنتی (مطالعه موردی: بانک تجارت)
        رضا رحمانی الهام فریدچهر آرزو احمدی دانیالی
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        771 - تأثیر عوامل بازاریابی داخلی و کیفیت ارائه خدمات‌
        هرمز مهرانی حمیدرضا سعیدنیا
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        772 - تبیین عوامل اجتماعی- سیاسی موثر بر امنیت شهر تهران
        محسن جان پرور مهدی حسین پور مطلق مهناز مهدی عراقی
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        773 - رابطه بین هویت اجتماعی و احساس امنیت زنان)مطالعه موردی زنان مناطق شمال (1 و2) و جنوب (19 و20) شهر تهران در سال 1389(
        محسن نیازی یاسمن فرشادفر
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        774 - رابطه مدیریت سود عملکرد جاری و عملکرد آتی با امنیت شغلی مدیر عامل
        کیهان مهام صباح بک محمدی
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        775 - بررسی اعتماد اجتماعی وعوامل موثر برآن(مورد مطالعه:استادان،کارکنان ودانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال)
        afsaneh edrisi ehsan rahmani khalili seyedeh narges hossini amin
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        776 - بررسی نقش گفتمان پان ترکیسم در امنیت ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
        sajad ebrahimi
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        777 - امنیت اجتماعی و حضور مسافران در سواحل مازندران
        seyed hasan hossini dr.zeynolabedin rahmani
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        778 - بررسی رابطه بین سرمایه ی اجتماعی و رضایت اجتماعی شهروندان مطالعه موردی ( شهر مکراغه )
        sirous fakhrayi naser gahreman
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        779 - تحلیل اجتماعی عوامل موًثر بر اعتماد اجتماعی جوانان (بررسی تجربی جوانان شهر گتاب)
        safallah farzaneh fatemeh huya
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        780 - Effects of oilon the Economic Security of Iran from 1368 to 1390
        mehdi khalafkhani solmaz moradnezhad
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        781 - بررسی رابطه بین میزان احساس امنیت اجتماعی و میزان نشاط اجتماعی در بین کارکنان استانداری آذربایجان شرقی
        nayer ebrahimi hossein banifatemeh
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        782 - بررسی عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر امنیت اجتماعی زنان سرپرست خانوار(مطالعه موردی:شهر ایلام)
        zahra abdolahi seyedmohamad seyedmirzaee bagher sorokhani heshmat ghobadi
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        783 - بررسی میزانو رابطه‌ی امنیت اجتماعی و همگرایی قومیت‌های آذری و کرد در شهر ارومیه
        dr. ali khademi
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        784 - رابطه بین میزان پایبندی به ارزش های دینی ومیزان احساس امنیت اجتماعی در بین دانشجویان دانشگاه پیام نور شهر دیواندره
        mahbobeh babayi seud mahdi hoceni
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        785 - تأثیرات نفت بر امنیت سیاسی ایران از سال 1368 تا 1384
        bahram sarmast mahdi khoshkhati solmaz moradneghad saray
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        786 - بررسی سرمایه اجتماعی فرهنگی بین گروه های مذهبی شهرتربت جام 
        mahnaz amirpour mahnaz amirpour homeira mansori
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        787 - Sociological study of the cultural consequences of apartment life in Iran (Case Study: Tehran Metropolis)
        aligholi Jowkar Majid Kashani Hosein FekrAzad
        In The research method was a survey method, a measuring tool, a questionnaire that was developed using the Likert spectrum. Out of 430 distributed questionnaires, 386 returned their response. For analyzes, SPSS software was used.The results of the study showed that inde More
        In The research method was a survey method, a measuring tool, a questionnaire that was developed using the Likert spectrum. Out of 430 distributed questionnaires, 386 returned their response. For analyzes, SPSS software was used.The results of the study showed that independent variables such as space- Place and architectural constraints on "reducing the functions of residential homes", the nobility of the windows of apartment houses on neighboring houses adjacent to "increasing social relations outside the ordinary", increasing the history Apartment building is about changing the "style of living in apartment buildings" (the transformation of lifestyle from tradition to modern), space constraints (The area)and ethnic and cultural diversity on the "reduction of neighborhood relations", the delay in marriage, the reduction of the number of children, increase Education, property ownership, increasing population density and family, all "reduce the religious spirit in the life of the apartment All the toilets ", ownership of property, population density and increase the number of blocks of flats on the" decline of civic engagement and religious spirit ", has a direct impact the shares are.The impact of independent variables, such as the rise of apartment buildings and modern architecture, also emphasized the "respect for citizenship rights", and the majority emphasized on the observance of citizenship rights. 89 percent of the residents of the apartment house also felt "safe and secure" in the "security of apartment life". Key concepts; Functional family challenges, out-of-court social relationships, cultural Actions, security and social consequences. Manuscript profile
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        788 - Investigation Of The Relationship Between The Structure Of Public Buildings And changes The Psychological Security Of Residents
        Jafar Yousefpour Mehdi Mahmoudi kamel abad Siyamak Panahi
        This study seeks to revisit the structure and architecture relationship to enhance architects' understanding, human perception, and human security by recounting the operating system process for resolving the relationship between architecture and architecture, and to try More
        This study seeks to revisit the structure and architecture relationship to enhance architects' understanding, human perception, and human security by recounting the operating system process for resolving the relationship between architecture and architecture, and to try to explain structural concepts in order to better understand them. Human perception of the environment is one of the most central issues in environmental psychology and a sense of security is a social-psychological phenomenon. They are a process by which human beings select the necessary data based on their needs and direct and indirect experiences of the conditions of the environment around them. Without knowing the effective factors, it will not be possible to provide a sense of social security for people in the community. Was. Architects have always faced the problem of not understanding structural concepts, because concepts that can be applied to the structure of an applied architecture do not exist or are scattered. In this descriptive-analytical research, a survey was conducted with a sample of 78 experts and a sample of 78 people. The results showed that the stability and resistance to psychological and physical security, physical security technology, The geometry of safety, the balance of social security, the integration of physical security, the compatibility of psychological security cannot be demonstrated. Manuscript profile
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        789 - pathology of the current situation of the country's divisions in Iran with a view to the 1404 vision document
        hasan kazeminia Tahmoras Shiri reza safarishali
        10.30495/jscc.2021.685129
        The aim of this study is to investigate and pathology of the current situation of the country's divisions in Iran using the method of professor (library and field) research based on interviews with experts and thinkers.‌ The current state of divisions in Iran has severa More
        The aim of this study is to investigate and pathology of the current situation of the country's divisions in Iran using the method of professor (library and field) research based on interviews with experts and thinkers.‌ The current state of divisions in Iran has several disadvantages that have created many obstacles in the way of achieving sustainable security as considered in the Vision 1404 document; therefore, it needs a fundamental review.‌ The categories "political", "economic" and "social" are counted and in the end, while concluding, it presents 23 requirements in 4 categories: bureaucratic, social, cultural, developmental, and environmental. Manuscript profile
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        790 - The role of police-society media interaction in achieving security and cooperative order Study case of Tabriz metropolis
        Nosrat Gorbaniyan soroush Fathi egbaleh azizkhani
        10.30495/jscc.2023.1981467.2094
        Today, crime statistics show the increase and complexity of all kinds of crimes in the world. Although one of the most common methods of providing social security is the use of coercive factors: but experience has proven that despite the rapid availability of security o More
        Today, crime statistics show the increase and complexity of all kinds of crimes in the world. Although one of the most common methods of providing social security is the use of coercive factors: but experience has proven that despite the rapid availability of security of this type, its stability and durability are few and insignificant. The stability and sustainability of security can only be achieved through its institutionalization in a society, a sense of participation and public responsibility for social security. The purpose of the current research is to "investigate the role of police-society media interaction in achieving security and participatory order in the metropolis of Tabriz". The quantitative research method is a survey type and at the causal level. The statistical population is the citizens of Tabriz over 15 years old, which is a total of 1.593.373 people. The sample size was 720 people based on Cochran's formula and the selection was done by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The quantitative research method is a survey type and at the causal level. The tool for collecting information is a questionnaire made by the researcher; Its validity was calculated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha through face validity and reliability experts. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling test with covariance approach was used using AMOS software. The results show that the direct effect of the police-society media interaction variable on cooperative security and order (P < 0.05, Z = 6.878, Z=0.42) is positive and significant. Manuscript profile
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        791 - The development policies of the government in the housing sector and its role in promoting the components of identity, sense of belonging, security and social participation of the vulnerable sections of Ardabil province.
        Akbar Saffari mhrdad mohammadian Samad Rasoulzadeh Aghdam
        The research is a hybrid type of research. The findings of the qualitative section showed that the causal conditions of successful policies include cost-effective management, location based on social equality and public benefit, urban improvement along with attracting c More
        The research is a hybrid type of research. The findings of the qualitative section showed that the causal conditions of successful policies include cost-effective management, location based on social equality and public benefit, urban improvement along with attracting civil participation, adaptation to the economic, social, political and climatic conditions of the region, compliance with scientific standards, the central category including creating Coordination with urban and rural development programs, paying attention to the culture, climate and economy of the regions, audience awareness, paying attention to cultural issues, building trust before implementation, the basis and context including optimal land management and emphasis on productivity, mass production, technical improvement, creating a sense of belonging to There is a place. Intervening conditions include self-help and gradual construction, support of housing cooperatives, quality assurance system and building confidence. The strategies include controlling the gap between supply and demand, paying attention to cultural symbols and social signs, paying attention to the culture, climate and economy of the regions, controlling the rent price and the consequences including market balance, reducing depreciation, improving rural housing improvement indicators, creating a sense of belonging to the place with architectural styles. The new thing is to leave things to the people in the implementation of the plan. The findings of the quantitative part showed that the direct effect of the government's development policies in the housing sector on promoting the components of identity, sense of belonging, security and participation among the vulnerable sections of Ardabil province is positive and significant. Manuscript profile
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        792 - The strategy of the rule of justice in climate change and the guarantee of sustainable human security with an emphasis on the principle of shared but different responsibilities.
        Hadi Masoudifar Alireza Arashpoor Masoud Raei Dehaghi
        Among the general principles of law and progressive scientific rules, the rule of fairness has a prominent value and position, and since this rule has considerable flexibility, it has the ability to be applied in dealing with new issues and challenges of public internat More
        Among the general principles of law and progressive scientific rules, the rule of fairness has a prominent value and position, and since this rule has considerable flexibility, it has the ability to be applied in dealing with new issues and challenges of public international law. Is. Therefore, while defining the rule of fairness, it is necessary to evaluate the position of this rule in the implementation of international agreements related to the field of international environmental law, and also to analyze the need to protect the environment based on the requirements of public opinion in jurisprudence. Accordingly, in this study, which was conducted inductively and using library studies, while evaluating the application of the rule of justice in ensuring human security, it was found that the rule of justice through the principle of "joint but different responsibility" in the Paris Climate Change Conference Has been exploited. On the other hand, it has been shown that the rule of fairness in international environmental law has led to the introduction of the term "climate justice". Manuscript profile
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        793 - Explain the dimensions and components of the position of intellectual property rights in the system of public international law
        Pezhman Mirkarimi Seyed Bagher Mirabbasi Maryam Moradi
        The purpose of this research is to explain the dimensions and components of the position of intellectual property rights in the general international law system. In the end, the great mission of international law is the establishment of order, peace and security in the More
        The purpose of this research is to explain the dimensions and components of the position of intellectual property rights in the general international law system. In the end, the great mission of international law is the establishment of order, peace and security in the world, which is considered one of the most fundamental concerns of humanity today. Intellectual property rights are also a bridge between international law and private law, it is protected by international laws and is considered one of the most important issues of the present age due to its limitless application. Its importance is more evident when it breaks geographical borders in the international arena, brings growth, scientific progress to countries and shows its effect from one country to another. But what is the role and position of intellectual property rights with such broad dimensions on the most important goal and mission of the international law system, which is the realization of global order, peace and security? In this research, by examining the place of intellectual property rights in the international legal system, it was concluded that intellectual property rights, in addition to their positive effects on the fulfillment of international obligations, also have negative effects on these obligations and in some cases, their effects lead to the violation of international obligations. and endangers global peace and security. The production, invention, use and expansion of weapons of mass destruction by the owners of intellectual property rights, monopolizing the production of drugs, medical equipment, vaccines and Manuscript profile
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        794 - Administrative police in Iran's legal system
        Arash Yousefi Safdar Youdefi
        The police is one of the most important parts of the judicial system in a civilized society. The existence of a scientific and principled police system shows the government's respect for individual rights and freedoms, as well as the protection of society. In the curren More
        The police is one of the most important parts of the judicial system in a civilized society. The existence of a scientific and principled police system shows the government's respect for individual rights and freedoms, as well as the protection of society. In the current era, security and freedom are essential factors in the management of any society. In the meantime, administrative police are in charge of regulating regulations for public order at different levels of the country. Here, the important element is the regulations related to the administrative police, which has many privileges. This type of regulation can be at the state level or even at the national level. The understanding of the administrative police regulations is based on the constitution. Finally, the first goal of this research is legal analysis and explanation of the position of the administrative police in Iran's legal system Manuscript profile
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        795 - Haarp technology; a new strategy for the economic instability of governments
        mehdi omani Jamal Beigi
        One of the most important issues that has a direct connection with internal security and as a result disorder and chaos in governments is the issue of economy in countries. In fact, the economy is one of the strong foundations of any government, and economic instability More
        One of the most important issues that has a direct connection with internal security and as a result disorder and chaos in governments is the issue of economy in countries. In fact, the economy is one of the strong foundations of any government, and economic instability causes the destruction of this foundation, and as a result, the governments will be weakened. Western governments, and global arrogance at the top of them, have been able to influence the economy of governments through the use of Harp technology and by destabilizing it, spread disorder and chaos in societies. Harp technology is one of the unconventional weapons in the hands of global arrogance, whose criminal applications have helped them. Due to the fact that this weapon is secret and newly emerging, and not only governments but also international organizations have been unable to prove its uses, for this reason, the owners of this technology, without any fear of punishment, to disturb the economies of the governments have not stopped doing anything. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the instability of governments by means of HARP technology. The research method in this article is descriptive, analytical, and data collection is also in the form of phishing. The method of conducting the research is qualitative and the findings of the research indicate that Harp technology has been able to play a major role in destabilizing the economy of governments by destroying the environment, reducing the population, causing earthquakes, floods. Manuscript profile
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        796 - The Strategies of Obtaining International Responsibility of Current State of Iraq in Payment the Environmental Damage of Imposed War against Iran through Full Implementation of Security Council Resolution 598
        ali faghih habibi
        The Security Council as one of the most important pillar of United Nation has primarily the responsibility of maintenance of international peace and security. The practice of Security Council in dealing with issues related to Iraq’s aggression against Iran and its More
        The Security Council as one of the most important pillar of United Nation has primarily the responsibility of maintenance of international peace and security. The practice of Security Council in dealing with issues related to Iraq’s aggression against Iran and its relevant problems seems discriminatory. Since despite sufficient evident for recognizing Iraq as Aggressor, the Security Council has not reacted to recognize the subject of aggression and aggressor up to end of the imposed war. Surly the enforcement of the Security Council resolution according to chapter VII of the United Nation charter in order to maintaining or restoration of international peace and security and according to Articles 25 and 103 of the charter as well as the Article 10 of the resolution 598 which stipulating holding the secession of Security Council in term of necessity, the afore mentioned resolution is binding. So it can be said, the United Nation and Security Council should do their responsibility and obligation regarding the implementation of this resolution. Explaining the juridical status of the Resolution 598, this paper by applying the principles of international law tries to specify the strategies of claiming the environmental damage due to imposed war through full implementation of resolution 598.   Manuscript profile
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        797 - Cultural Security of ECO Member Countries
        mohamadmahdi mazaheri
        The present study, considering the need for extensive scientific research to expand the concept of cultural security and identify the strengths and weaknesses of our country and our neighbors in this field, tries to play a small role in deepening and expanding the cultu More
        The present study, considering the need for extensive scientific research to expand the concept of cultural security and identify the strengths and weaknesses of our country and our neighbors in this field, tries to play a small role in deepening and expanding the cultural security literature. . This role-playing will be done by exploring the importance of the ECO's role in ensuring the cultural security of member countries. The achievements of this research, which is based on the theoretical framework of constructivism and retrospective method, show that ECO has an important role in achieving cultural security of member countries and due to its special position, position and characteristics can be designed by formulating strategies. Execute the executive policies and institutions and structures of the drivers, as well as the definition of the monitoring and supervision system, the roadmap for ensuring the cultural security of the member countries in the horizon of 1420 and monitor its accuracy, correctness and progress Manuscript profile
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        798 - The Study of the Sociological Relationship between Cultural Identity and Cultural Partnership with Social Security and Cultural Security
        Abbas Gheadamini Harouni Reza Ebrahimzadeh mehrdad sadeghi homeyra abdi
         The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between cultural identity and cultural participation with Increasing social security and cultural security in citizens of Isfahan, 7th district. The research method was descriptive and correlational in terms of More
         The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between cultural identity and cultural participation with Increasing social security and cultural security in citizens of Isfahan, 7th district. The research method was descriptive and correlational in terms of purpose and method of data collection. The statistical population of the study was 165205 citizens of all over the age of 18 years in district 7 of Isfahan municipality. 384 persons were selected through cluster sampling method through Cochran sampling formula. The research instrument was a questionnaire for the standard cultural participation of UNESCO (2006) and the Rosk Cultural Identity Standard Questionnaire (2009) and Maghsoudi Nia et al. Standard social security questionnaires (1395) and the standard questionnaires on cultural security of Afzali et al. (1395). The validity The questionnaires were evaluated based on the content, form and content validity, and after validation of the necessary terms, validity was confirmed. On the other hand, the reliability of the questionnaires by Cronbach's alpha method was 0.933 for cultural participation, 0.951 and social security, 0.855 and cultural security were estimated at 0.823. Data analysis was done at descriptive and inferential levels including Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the research showed that there is a significant positive correlation between cultural identity and cultural participation with social security and cultural security (p <0.05). The results also showed that the dimensions of cultural identity (cultural heritage, media, customs, language, religion, norms, beliefs) and dimensions of cultural participation (audio and visual, books and publications, cultural heritage, language, ritual and performing arts, Sport activities, traditions, visual arts and library activities) had a meaningful positive relationship with social security and cultural security (p <0.05). Manuscript profile
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        799 - Cultural Diversity, Human Rights and Approach of Human Security
        hosain sartipi azin kiani
          In view of the cultural diversity, all nations and societies around the world with their experience in the cultural, historical and religious diversity emphasize on their peculiarities and characteristics and respect their religious and cultural values as well a More
          In view of the cultural diversity, all nations and societies around the world with their experience in the cultural, historical and religious diversity emphasize on their peculiarities and characteristics and respect their religious and cultural values as well as universal human rights. It should be emphasized that the main argument in the context of cultural diversity does not enhance the cultural relativism sophistry. What is the priority of strengthening intercultural dialogue is to achieve a universal definition of human rights, and the introduction of such an approach is the respect for cultural diversity. In this regard, historical experience provides some support for this argument. Many cultures and civilizations throughout history have been ups and downs. Some of them have grown, flourished and dominated, and some have been in steep decline. Although, cultural diversity, cultural rights, human security, economic development and human rights elements seem separate and distinct apparently, but closely intertwined each connected and integrated with each other and fall or develop any direct the other will be effective and efficient. In this paper, the cultural diversity in relation to human rights and human security has been assessed to what extent the ability of peaceful coexistence between different cultures in one country, the region and the world stage in such a view is provided. However, there is still a lot of ambiguities and objections, but the situation can be described as the perfect consistency, to be considered for future developments in this area. Manuscript profile
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        800 - An Evaluation of Reliability, Validity and Factor Structure of the Questionnaire of Security of Sport Facilities.
        نغمه سعیدی مجد حسین عبدالملکی عباس خدایاری
        The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability, validity and factor structure of the questionnaire of security of sport complexes. The statistical population consisted of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative section included sport managemen More
        The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability, validity and factor structure of the questionnaire of security of sport complexes. The statistical population consisted of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative section included sport management experts comprising 11 Delphi community members. In the quantitative section, the statistical population consisted of managers and staff of Karaj sport facilities (N = 785). In the qualitative section, all 11 experts who were the members of Delphi panel were selected as the research sample. In the quantitative section, given the nature of the study, 150 subjects were randomly selected in the research instrument design phase; they performed exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of the questionnaire. A researcher-made questionnaire with 51 items and 12 components was used in this study. The components included environment control (4 items), entrance control (5 items), qualification and accreditation of individuals (4 items), physical protection systems (4 items), risk management (4 items), emergency management (5 items), communication (3 items), security personnel (4 items), education (modeling and simulation) (5 items), protection against toxic substances (4 items), sport facility structure (6 items) and cultural practices (4 items). Each item was on a 5-point Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire was face and construct. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 sport management professors. KMO test was used for sampling adequacy and to understand if the number of items were enough to predict each component. Bartlett test was used to determine if the items were adequately correlated. In inferential statistics, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The following components were identified: environment control, entrance control, qualification and accreditation of individuals, physical protection systems, risk management, emergency management, communications, security personnel, education (modeling and simulation), protection against toxic substances, sport facility structure and cultural practices.   Manuscript profile
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        801 - Identifying the Effective Factors in Improving the Security and Safety of Stadiums with the Approach of Preventing the Aggression of the Spectators of the Iranian Football Premier League
        hassan esazadeh lila saffari
        One of the most important issues for the stadium audience is safety and security, which has made it more urgent to pay attention to what has happened in the past and the high risks. The purpose of the present study was to identify the effective safety and security facto More
        One of the most important issues for the stadium audience is safety and security, which has made it more urgent to pay attention to what has happened in the past and the high risks. The purpose of the present study was to identify the effective safety and security factors in stadiums with an aggressive approach to preventing spectators from competing in football leagues.The research method is qualitative and exploratory. The sampling method is non-random and purposeful sampling. The face and content validity of the interview questions were evaluated and approved by 6 sport management professors and then by 14 experts in the field including sport management elites, specialists and managers. Football and law enforcement staff and security officials were interviewed and continued to theoretical saturation, with data analysis through open coding (component or badge), pivotal (subordinate) and selective (key factors) in this study) Was performed. Based on the findings of the present study, a total of 32 safety and security indices were identified which consist of three main factors (service, control and special circumstances) and eight sub-factors of the main factor. According to elite and soccer experts, safety and security factors (stadium facilities, tickets, physical inspections, security measures, high-risk events and conditions) have an impact on preventing aggression in football spectators. Manuscript profile
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        802 - Russia's approach to the Middle East security order (2018-2010)
        Mahrokh Shahraki Mehdi HasanRaji Mahdi Tusi
        The geopolitical and geostrategic importance of the Middle East has made the region a special place in Russia's strategic thinking. Vladimir Putin, the most prominent politician in Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union, declares his desire to restore Russia to a More
        The geopolitical and geostrategic importance of the Middle East has made the region a special place in Russia's strategic thinking. Vladimir Putin, the most prominent politician in Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union, declares his desire to restore Russia to a position of great and constructive power, and regional dynamics and disasters are a good opportunity to prove his claims.Meanwhile, the beginning of Arab Spring developments since late 2010 and the emergence of signs of transition in the regional and international security arrangements have provided a good basis for the arrival of Moscow into the Middle East's equations of power.In this regard, the main question of the present study is that the Russian Federation has adopted an approach to the Middle East security order in the period after the Arab Spring?The findings of the research show that the Russian approach to the Middle East after the Arab Spring based on signs of Russian realism, including soft balance, balanced relations with all actors, including strategic and tactical alliances with regional actors, and finally, the direct equilibrium And has played a balanced role against the United States. The research methodology is descriptive-analytic based on qualitative method and data collection method is library and internet resources. Manuscript profile
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        803 - The Place of Security in the School of Copenhagen: A Framework for Analysis
        محمدتقی آذرشب مرتضی نجم آبادی رامین بخشی تلیابی
        Many international thinkers believe that discussing the security status of foreign countries is one of the key issues in understanding international relations. The end of the Cold War, the formation of a new world order, the emergence of transnational players and the su More
        Many international thinkers believe that discussing the security status of foreign countries is one of the key issues in understanding international relations. The end of the Cold War, the formation of a new world order, the emergence of transnational players and the supranational, the process of globalization, etc., led to a pro-active debate on security studies and its issues. In particular, the collapse of US-Soviet competition in the form of the Cold War, while transforming the political and security literature, has now provided a new opportunity to expand security studies beyond the boundaries of the tense conflict of the two superpowers. Knowledge and aristocracy are essential for the issue of "security" and make students and international relations experts who want to analyze the actions and reactions that take place on the international scene. In this paper, first, a definition of "Security and its place in the school of Copenhagen" Will be presented and discussed and then the scholars of this school will be introduced. The author will try to present this topic by developing an analytical framework that reflects the comprehensiveness of "security status" in most political science and international relations. Manuscript profile
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        804 - Iran's role in the process of state-building in Afghanistan and its impact on Iran's national security
        سید حسن قریشی کرین ناصر مولایی عارف بیژن
        Afghanistan socially textured mosaic of ethnic, sectarian groups are numerous. The triple nature of political and Iraq, has the potential areas of tension and disintegration in itself. Internal developments in Afghanistan and the rise of the Taliban and the presence of More
        Afghanistan socially textured mosaic of ethnic, sectarian groups are numerous. The triple nature of political and Iraq, has the potential areas of tension and disintegration in itself. Internal developments in Afghanistan and the rise of the Taliban and the presence of trans-regional states in the country's developments and considerations to the interests of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Iran linked. Accordingly, any success or failure in advancing the process of nation-building in the country, requires attention to the threat posed by the Islamic Republic of Iran's National Security developments that may in the future be faced with certain risks. Therefore, to follow the developments related to restructuring and brokers in Afghanistan and gradual formation of a new political system, Afghanistan has intensified the process of transformation of the environment and the multiple effects at all levels (local, regional and international) and fields (soft and hard) is created. This article seeks to identify the role of Iran in the process of nation-building in Afghanistan and its impact on Iran's national security and the provision of appropriate strategies in this field. Manuscript profile
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        805 - Investigation of Hirmand Hydropolytic Effect on National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        farhad gorgij ziya khazaei
        The fresh water in the earth's surface forms only three percent of the total population. The difficulty of the situation becomes apparent when it comes to the unequal distribution of water in different areas, and the increasing population growth and the increasing consu More
        The fresh water in the earth's surface forms only three percent of the total population. The difficulty of the situation becomes apparent when it comes to the unequal distribution of water in different areas, and the increasing population growth and the increasing consumption of water in various fields have led to the emergence of sensitive conditions. Which many economists from the 21st century called the Hydropolitan Century. Therefore, in the relations of political units in areas where rainfall is low, water will create future tensions. The purpose of this research is descriptive-analytical study of the effect of hydro-polytechnic of the Hirmand River on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. We seek to answer this question. What impact of the hydropolitic of the Hirmand River on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran? It seems that Hirmand hydro-politics in various aspects of political, military, economic, cultural and especially environmental affects the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran and cooperation in the Hirmand joint area requires attention to the approach to environmental security and the search for solutions for joint cooperation Within the framework of this approach. Manuscript profile
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        806 - Continuing US-led NATO influence in Afghanistan and its impact on Iran's national security
        mehrdad khademi amir hoshang mirkoshesh ahmad ashrafi
        Abstract: The NATO as the military-political and security alliance,after 11 Sep.attacks, is trying to manage the geostrategic and geopolitical challenages in the Afghanistan( in the Middle East ). Based on this idea, the NATO is to adjust and developed.They believed, t More
        Abstract: The NATO as the military-political and security alliance,after 11 Sep.attacks, is trying to manage the geostrategic and geopolitical challenages in the Afghanistan( in the Middle East ). Based on this idea, the NATO is to adjust and developed.They believed, the US hegemony from the middle of past century till now,is what is the impact of economic and political and security of NATO alliance.The United States during the hegemonic period consider crises as the influence opportunities is to lead to stability of hegemony. In fact the dominant or the hegemony role in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization is to formulates ,implements and justifies in the direction of its own national interests.The paper based on explanation-analytic method and the stability hegemony throry.Based on this idea,the present article attemt to analyze the role of the United States and NATO in Afghanistan and of its impactions on Iran. In fact the dominant or the hegemony role in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization is to formulates ,implements and justifies in the direction of its own national interests.The paper based on explanation-analytic method and the stability hegemony throry.Based on this idea,the present article attemt to analyze the role of the United States and NATO in Afghanistan and of its impactions on Iran. Manuscript profile
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        807 - Change of identity tenets in Turkey's foreign policy and its regional effects in the middle East
        ali nikokar Mahnaz Goodarzi
        With arrival of Justice and Development Party serious alterations occurred in Turkey's foreign policy and the country's Policy in the Middle East moved towards opposition than cooperation. The changes in Turkey's political and social contexts and the country's emphasis More
        With arrival of Justice and Development Party serious alterations occurred in Turkey's foreign policy and the country's Policy in the Middle East moved towards opposition than cooperation. The changes in Turkey's political and social contexts and the country's emphasis on layers of identity. Brought about ideological tensions that necessitate the investigation of changes in Turkey's identity tenets in the Middle East and it's regional effects. This study argues that Justice and Development Party's application as identity tenets in the Middle East entangles the country in ideological games that it has little in common with; and from another perspective, with a read of Islamism the country enters a rivalry field with Iran and Saudi Arabia each of which represents a part of it's identity (Sunni and Shiite) and from another aspects the two countries have opposite and common benefits. Thus, Turkey's presence in the Middle East brings about more complication in the regional equations and more disagreement in policies; and intensities ideological rivalries. This study was carried and according the Constructivist theory, the research method was descriptive –analytical; and the data were collected through library research. Manuscript profile
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        808 - Russia's ethics for the Syrian civil war and the US response
        fatemeh sadat maloomi afshin zargar
        The Syrian civil war, which has been the most important crisis in the Middle East over the past seven years, has turned the region into a rivalry and rivalry between regional and trans-national powers. The geographic extent of the conflict, the high volume of damage, th More
        The Syrian civil war, which has been the most important crisis in the Middle East over the past seven years, has turned the region into a rivalry and rivalry between regional and trans-national powers. The geographic extent of the conflict, the high volume of damage, the occurrence of extreme violence and the direct and indirect presence The numerous international actors on the scene of operational battles have made the crisis one of the most unique examples of the past decade. The nature of international phenomena has shown that great powers in a multilateral structure, along with co-operation and competition, seek to stabilize the power equivalence in the international environment. Russia has been the main actor in Syria in recent years and has been the strongest player among foreign actors in Syria, but on the other side of the United States, with multiple instruments under the pretext of confronting ISIL's threat and preventing Iran from penetrating Syria in this crisis-affected country. Has played a role that has not been in line with the interests of Russia. In this way, there is a clear and secret opposition between Russia and the United States in Syria. In this article, we examine this contradiction. Manuscript profile
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        809 - Establishment of a missile defense shield in the Persian Gulf region and its impact on the security of the region 2001-2017
        Hassan Khodaverdi Aliasghar Ghaffari
        The gradual deployment of the United States missile defense shield plan from Europe to the Persian Gulf region over the past decade and the establishment of radar and defensive components of this plan, in the whole Persian Gulf region both in its land and floating zone, More
        The gradual deployment of the United States missile defense shield plan from Europe to the Persian Gulf region over the past decade and the establishment of radar and defensive components of this plan, in the whole Persian Gulf region both in its land and floating zone, has implications and also plenty consequences for regional and international systems and has aggravated the fragile security of the Persian Gulf Region. Topics such as the beginning of the arms race, the collapse of the balance of power, the blurred relations, regional instability, and the most important one the trilateral Arab, Israeli, and American alliances can be seen as the security implications of establishing the plan in the Persian Gulf region. Accordingly, the purpose of this research, by using descriptive-analytical method and collecting data with library tools, is to examine the reasons for the formation of the missile defense shield, to analyze accurately its expanding to the Persian Gulf region and its impact on the security of the region. The implementation of this project in the Persian Gulf region will have tremendous impacts on the international system at the head of the Middle East and Persian Gulf and will affect the security of this region and will be sensitive to many countries in the region, including Iran It brings about the nature and final fate of this plan. Manuscript profile
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        810 - Threats of the israeil and strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran to deal with it
        omid jafarzadeh ahmad azin masoud jaafarinejhad
        Since the formation of the Islamic Revolution because of the role of ideological issues, there has been a deep opposition between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Zionist regime. The Zionist regime has seen the Islamic Republic of Iran in contradiction with its nati More
        Since the formation of the Islamic Revolution because of the role of ideological issues, there has been a deep opposition between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Zionist regime. The Zionist regime has seen the Islamic Republic of Iran in contradiction with its national security and interests, and as a result of this, it has tried to counteract the Islamic Republic of Iran by various strategies. Regarding this, the main question of the present article is that what is the Islamic Republic of Iran's software solutions to deal with the threats of the Zionist regime? In response to this hypothesis, the use of the potential of Shia Islam and Islamic teachings, along with the formation of the resistance front, are the main pillars of Iranian soft power in countering the threats of the Zionist regime. In this article the main objective, the outlines of the Islamic revolution's soft power in the face of the threats of the Zionist regime, and this would be the result that use soft power by the Islamic Republic of Iran, and decrease the security threats of the Zionist regime. The research method is descriptive-analytic and based on library studies Manuscript profile
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        811 - Reforms in the Security Council with an emphasis on the role of the uniting for consesus
        Mehran Abdoli Maryam Moradi Seyyed Baqir Mir Abbasi Abu Mohammad Asgharhani
        In the current world of growing change in all areas, the need for efficient systems in the international arena is twofold. One of the most important UN system in the international arena is the most comprehensive international organization that needs to meet its current More
        In the current world of growing change in all areas, the need for efficient systems in the international arena is twofold. One of the most important UN system in the international arena is the most comprehensive international organization that needs to meet its current needs. But since its founding, the organization has undergone some modifications in this organization, and in particular its key pillar, the Security Council, a large number of secretary-general of the time (Anahi Sufi) to the African Union, the South Group, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of Four and the Group The so-called "Alliance for Consensus" has proposed plans for further improvement and efficiency by the Council, which has not yet been fully agreed on. Among the proposed corrective ideas, the Group of Four was more lucid, but the group of countries thought to oppose the group, unlike the four group (four countries: Germany, Japan, Brazil, and India), which increased the number of permanent members The Security Council was a group of countries that only wanted to increase the non-permanent members of the council, which also brought charges against each other. Manuscript profile
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        812 - View on human right evolution and its effects on national sovereignty of countries
        meysam اسلام پناه seyed baqer Mirabbasi ابومحمد عسگرخانی مریم مرادی
        View on human right evolution and its effects on national sovereignty of countries Abstract In today's age, human right issue has been considered as effective issue in international arena so that we have observed international evolution and challenges resulting from h More
        View on human right evolution and its effects on national sovereignty of countries Abstract In today's age, human right issue has been considered as effective issue in international arena so that we have observed international evolution and challenges resulting from human right issue on nationalsovereignty security of countries during past years. What is evident is activity of international institutions, especially United Nationsorganization,in different fields including human right has made sovereignty of governments more impressionable than before. So, it seems that other traditional perceptions of sovereignty concept are not acceptable in international law today. Because, such perceptions have lost their validity by international law evolutions and present evidences show that the principle of non-interfering in internal affairs of countries has been modified over time. This study has aimed to investigate conditional effects of human right on nationalsovereignty and security of countries. Also, relation between human right and national security of countries has been investigated and discussed. Manuscript profile
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        813 - Comparison Between Iran & North Korea's Nuclear Program & The Manner of Meeting International Atomic Energy Agency & Security Regime NPT With Both Countries
        Saeed Karimi kesheh Seyyed Abdolali Ghavam Alireza Moussavizadeh Mehdi Zakerian Amiri
        In the last two decades, Iran and North Korea’s nuclear program has Become one of the most important global issues.The two countries Nuclear case has been one of the biggest security challenges the International community has ever faced.The common goal of the majo More
        In the last two decades, Iran and North Korea’s nuclear program has Become one of the most important global issues.The two countries Nuclear case has been one of the biggest security challenges the International community has ever faced.The common goal of the major Powers against Iran and North Korea is to dismantle the nuclear Approach.But the strategies to achieve this goal are selective and Contradictory.At the same time,the role of the International Atomic Energy Agency is very crucial and complex.Given this,the main Question of this study is what is the IAEA’s performance is light of the Provisions of the NPT’s security regime vis-à-vis Iran and North Korea’s nuclear program? In seeking to find an appropriate answer to this question,the authors of This article,using “International Security Regime Theory”,have attempted to describe and explain the IAEA,s performance in relation to Its nuclear program despite Iranian cooperation and compliance.The NPT,s security regime and North Korea’s non cooperation with and exit From the regime have not been in line with the IAEA’s and NPT’s Statutes,and are highly discriminatory,with complexity influenced by the Economic and strategic influence and interests of major powers such as The us,china and Russia. Manuscript profile
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        814 - Combating Terrorism through Risk Management
        نوروز کارگری
        If we would consider the terrorism as a social threat that can affect the people depending on the local and time circumstances, the notion of danger and dangerousness would make sense in responding and combating that. If we would consider the terrorist actions as a crim More
        If we would consider the terrorism as a social threat that can affect the people depending on the local and time circumstances, the notion of danger and dangerousness would make sense in responding and combating that. If we would consider the terrorist actions as a criminal or at least as a harmful behavior and, taking account the accepted functions and goals for punishment, pursuit to repress them through the classic punishment system, they would be subject of the suppressive criminal reactions, but base on the several indications, new approaches could be more influential about this matter. Particularly these new approaches consist of risk management and dangerous situations control through the legal ways. According to this new approach terrorist actions are considered as a social risk which shall be subjected of risk management. This noncriminal actions could be preferred on criminal reactions because they could remove the challenges related to security in antiterrorism legislating, and on the other hand they could be more influential than criminal actions and put more controls on these kind of actions Manuscript profile
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        815 - International Atomic Energy Agency framework for maintaining international peace and security
        Fariba Fadaee abu mohammad asagarkhani Moradi Maryam
        Efforts to regulate the behavior of actors in the international arena in order to maintain international peace and security have always been accompanied by many ups and downs. Human access to nuclear technology, meanwhile, has raised concerns about its use for non-peace More
        Efforts to regulate the behavior of actors in the international arena in order to maintain international peace and security have always been accompanied by many ups and downs. Human access to nuclear technology, meanwhile, has raised concerns about its use for non-peaceful purposes. Therefore, the International Atomic Energy Agency was established with the aim of developing and peaceful use of nuclear energy to systematize the performance of governments in the use of this technology. With this description, the question arises as to what framework and mechanism the International Atomic Energy Agency Seeks to maintain international peace and security? Examination of the relevant documents reveals that the International Atomic Energy Agency monitors the obligations of States under non-proliferation treaties in the form of temporary, routine and special inspections, and if a Member State fails to comply and the breach is not remedied within a reasonable time, the Agency , Reports the relevant violation to the Security Council. Manuscript profile
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        816 - The relationship of social networks and national order in the Islamic Republic of Iran
        amirhossein ebrahimyazdi Mohammad Ali samiee seyed zakaria mahmoudi raja
        The simultaneous introduction of social networks in the governance of the Islamic Republic of Iran with events such as some irregularities and protests bring to mind that social networks in Iran are challenging order and stability. this research has tried to answer the More
        The simultaneous introduction of social networks in the governance of the Islamic Republic of Iran with events such as some irregularities and protests bring to mind that social networks in Iran are challenging order and stability. this research has tried to answer the question, "What is the relationship between social networks and national order in the Islamic Republic of Iran?" For this purpose, a conceptual framework of the relationship of social networks with the national order was drawn and then examined from the point of view of the elites. In this research, the data collection is in the form of documents that have been analyzed in a semi-structured way through interviews with elites, and the results have been written in descriptive-analytical form. The hypothesis of this research was that social networks are the cause of disorder. This research clarifies that social networks do not have an independent factor in creating order or disorder, but the characteristics and functions of social networks cause the intensification, expansion and temporal continuation of systematic or disorder-based content. Therefore, social networks in the form of tools can have a positive and negative effect on the national order of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile
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        817 - Drawing scenarios for the opportunities and threats of Arab ethnocentrism in relation to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Hossein Torki MohammadAli Khosravi Ali ghorbanpour
        National security is the basic condition and, of course, the most important condition for the preservation, survival, progress and development of any country in all fields. In order to predict the security situation of the country in the coming years, it is absolutely n More
        National security is the basic condition and, of course, the most important condition for the preservation, survival, progress and development of any country in all fields. In order to predict the security situation of the country in the coming years, it is absolutely necessary to pay attention to the ethnic situation and ethnic challenges. The purpose of this study is to outline scenarios for the opportunities and threats of Arab ethnicity in relation to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.This research is applied in terms of nature and purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method and due to the futuristic nature of the research, it is also exploratory. For this purpose, the effective factors in the field of Arab ethnocentrism were identified using the method of environmental monitoring and reviewing specialized studies in this field and were provided to 15 experts in the form of a matrix questionnaire. The obtained variables were spectroscopically cross-sectionalized using Mick Mac software and analyzed using scenario wizard software while obtaining expert opinions, and finally possible and compatible scenarios were identified and extracted.The findings of this study showed that scenario number one is the strongest and most probable scenario obtained from Wizard scenario software. Condition means (reduction of fine dust) is the desired condition. Manuscript profile
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        818 - Identifying the drivers of Pan-Kurdism in relation to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Reza Parsay Ali Mortazavian , Mohammad Rahim Eyvazi
        10.30495/psq.2021.684546
        Background and Aim: The future is uncertain, and scenarios teach us to think about the unknown, to unravel today's cumbersome assumptions, and to be able to identify the discontinuities that may change our world. Accordingly, in order to predict the security situation o More
        Background and Aim: The future is uncertain, and scenarios teach us to think about the unknown, to unravel today's cumbersome assumptions, and to be able to identify the discontinuities that may change our world. Accordingly, in order to predict the security situation of the country in the coming years and design appropriate security scenarios, it is absolutely necessary to pay attention to the ethnic situation and ethnic challenges. The purpose of this study is to identify the drivers of pan-Kurdish ideology in relation to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.Method: This research is applied in terms of nature and purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. Its statistical population is in the form of a panel of experts according to the futures research approach. The drivers of this research were identified by cross-matrix method using Mick Mac software.Findings: The findings of this study showed seven variables: the involvement of foreign factors, the activities of Kurdish-language satellite networks, the development of virtual networks, underdevelopment, the substitution of Persian instead of the native language, regional competition and the effects of Iraqi Kurdistan. They were identified as key variables extracted from Mick Mac software in the form of three economic, political and cultural drivers.Conclusion: The results of this study also indicate that all seven variables identified by Mick Mac software are consistent with the realities and situation of pan-Kurdism in the region. Manuscript profile
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        819 - International Institutions and Iran's Nuclear Rights and Obligations
        mehdi tavakoli abu mohammad asagarkhani sohrab salahi
        The existence of a non-proliferation regime in the world has led governments to pursue their nuclear rights in a certain way to ensure the maintenance of international peace and security, as well as the national interests of each state regarding nuclear rights. To be. A More
        The existence of a non-proliferation regime in the world has led governments to pursue their nuclear rights in a certain way to ensure the maintenance of international peace and security, as well as the national interests of each state regarding nuclear rights. To be. Accordingly, Iran's nuclear rights and obligations were also formed under the documents that constitute nuclear rights and its restrictive documents. In the meantime, following the disputes between Iran and the International Atomic Energy Agency, Iran went through ups and downs under various sanctions, and of course, two international bodies, namely the Security Council and the International Atomic Energy Agency, played a role. They played a role. On this basis, we seek to examine whether the actions of these two international organizations in relation to the Iranian nuclear issue have been in the realm of international law? Examining the actions of the Security Council and the International Atomic Energy Agency in dealing with Iran's nuclear case, it is observed that not only technical and professional considerations are not the criterion, but also political considerations have led to the security of Iran's case and maximum pressure to shut down the nuclear industry. It has been Iran's missile industry. Also, the actions of the IAEA are not in accordance with its statutes, and the Security Council, regardless of the IAEA reports, declares the Iranian nuclear issue a threat to international peace and security. Manuscript profile
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        820 - Security literacies effective in preventing unrest in the Islamic Republic of Iran
        mahmoud asgari mojtaba asadpour
        10.30495/psq.2022.1962103.2159
        Security is one of the key needs of human societies and one of the important goals of governments is to provide and maintain it. Security depends on mapping various factors and processes. Most studies focus on security factors and security forces. Given what has been sa More
        Security is one of the key needs of human societies and one of the important goals of governments is to provide and maintain it. Security depends on mapping various factors and processes. Most studies focus on security factors and security forces. Given what has been said, the research question is that apart from the factors mentioned, what variables play a role in creating security and preventing unrest? In line with the above issue, the author has raised the main question: what is the role of security literacies in preventing unrest in the Islamic Republic of Iran?To answer this question, the author first provides definitions of security literacies by examining credible domestic and foreign documents and sources, and then explains the role of these literacy in preventing unrest. In order to validate the theoretical findings, the author prepared a researcher-made questionnaire and distributed it among 50 related experts.The findings of the research confirmed by experts and specialists show that there is a significant and direct relationship between the level and level of security literacies in society and the prevention of unrest. In other words, the amount and quality of social security literacies is one of the factors determining the country's ability to prevent unrest. Institutionalizing and internalizing security literacies provides a good platform for the security and safety of society in the face of challenges such as unrest or preventing its escalation. Manuscript profile
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        821 - Presentation and validation of the management model of Afghan nationals in Sistan and Baluchistan province
        abolfazl arasteh yaser kahrazeh zeinab hashemi baghi mahdi salah
        10.30495/psq.2023.1990239.2212
        The management of Afghan nationals in Sistan and Baluchistan province has become a security, cultural and social requirement. In this regard, this study was conducted with the aim of presenting and validating the management model of Afghan nationals in this province. Th More
        The management of Afghan nationals in Sistan and Baluchistan province has become a security, cultural and social requirement. In this regard, this study was conducted with the aim of presenting and validating the management model of Afghan nationals in this province. This study was conducted with the aim of presenting and validating the management model of Afghan nationals in this province. The community of participants in the qualitative section includes the elites of the management of foreign nationals in the province, 8 of whom were selected by purposeful sampling. The statistical population in the quantitative section also includes experts, 109 of whom were selected by cluster-random method. The data collection tools are semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. Based on the results, the full implementation of the law prohibiting the presence of foreign nationals, cultural, religious and political similarities and the establishment of centralized management are the basic factors affecting the management of Afghan nationals. Of course, it should be kept in mind that condemning the policy of banning the presence of foreign nationals has an interventionist role in this regard, and the implementation of a conditional ban in the province also provides the necessary platform. Through the strategic amendment of the laws, behavioral results such as reducing crimes and developing sustainable security in the province, improving the economic conditions in the province and increasing the satisfaction of the people can be achieved. Manuscript profile
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        822 - The role of Afghanistan's political-economic relations in avoiding TahrimInternational against Iran
        Majid Jalali Mehr maryam Moradi Mohsen Dianat
        10.30495/psq.2023.1985452.2202
        International sanctions are one of the main tools in the foreign policy of governments to influence and change the behavior of other countries. Iran, as one of the countries that has been pressured by extensive international sanctions, is looking for new methods in an e More
        International sanctions are one of the main tools in the foreign policy of governments to influence and change the behavior of other countries. Iran, as one of the countries that has been pressured by extensive international sanctions, is looking for new methods in an effort to circumvent these sanctions. This article aims to investigate the role of Afghanistan's political-economic relations in circumventing international sanctions against Iran. The main question of the article is: Can Afghanistan's economic and political relations serve as an alternative path for Iran to bypass sanctions? In response to the question of the article, this hypothesis is proposed that the development of political-economic relations with Afghanistan can help Iran in reducing its dependence on international markets and obtaining new economic resources. The research method used in this article is descriptive-analytical using articles and interviews with experts. The findings showed that Iran's foreign policy should pay more attention to Afghanistan's issues and reduce the intensity of security in this country. Iran can also be used as a bridge for Afghanistan's exports and imports due to Afghanistan's lack of access to the Arabian Sea and as a transit corridor for global trade. Manuscript profile
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        823 - Threats of cyber war and Iran's national security
        Behrouz Nasiri ghasem torabi alireza rezaei
        10.30495/psq.2023.1984579.2198
        The cyberspace is considered as the main source ofinformation.The need to pay attention tothe security of the cyberspace requires a special approach.There is no doubt that today the main infrastructures ofthe country, including economic,industrial, informational,securit More
        The cyberspace is considered as the main source ofinformation.The need to pay attention tothe security of the cyberspace requires a special approach.There is no doubt that today the main infrastructures ofthe country, including economic,industrial, informational,security,etc.are located inthis space.Securityin this space will cause a seriousthreat tothe national security ofthe country.The upcoming wars will take place in virtual space.Virtual space has been named asthefifth battlefield after the sea,land,and airspace.Thecountry or several countries havebeen takenout ofthe hands ofthe governments ofthose countries,and themodern world stopped moving and dynamism within afew seconds and caused a disaster as disastrous as an atomic disaster.In acatastrophe,the basic condition is toknow the battle scene.First ofall, we need to know the cyberspace and the cyberspace correctly so that we can have the power ofmaneuver, war and defense inthat space.The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of the cyberspace onthe national security ofthe Islamic Republic ofIran in various areas, especially the political-security areas.Also,discovering the weaknesses and shortcomings in the field of cyber security with regardto the threats in the virtual space is oneof theother objectives of thepresent research,which wants to answer the basic question ofhow cyber threats affect the security ofthe IslamicRepublic ofIran in an analytical-descriptive method.The findings ofthe research show that the republicIslamic Iran is one of the most important countries targeted by cyber attacks in various fields, and therefore,speeding up infrastructure equipment and investment in the field of countering cyberthreats is one of Iran's strategic approaches in this field, which is analyzedin more detail inthis research. Manuscript profile
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        824 - The role of parliamentary diplomacy of the Islamic Council in securing the national interests of the Islamic Republic
        sayadhosein hoseini Reza shirzadi
        10.30495/psq.2023.1990555.2216
        With the approach of making the most of the opportunities and reducing the harms, countries are taking steps towards drawing a road map of parliamentary diplomacy in accordance with their internal capacities and regional and global requirements. Parliamentary diplomacy More
        With the approach of making the most of the opportunities and reducing the harms, countries are taking steps towards drawing a road map of parliamentary diplomacy in accordance with their internal capacities and regional and global requirements. Parliamentary diplomacy plays a significant role in the realization of foreign policy priorities through the synergy of intellectual and physical capacities. With the purpose of investigating this issue, the following question is raised: What are the most important tools and methods of parliament to ensure national interests and achieve foreign policy priorities?Using documentary and library methods, it was stated that parliamentary friendship groups and inter-parliamentary organizations are an efficient tool in parliamentary diplomacy, and the most important indicators of a successful parliamentary diplomacy and obstacles and gaps in the strategic management of parliamentary diplomacy to achieve national interests were investigated.The results show that the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a system based on religious democracy with precious parliamentary experience, is placed in an unstable security environment, and part of the offensive capabilities of the United States and the European Union is organized by focusing on national and regional parliamentary institutions, which is a necessity. Synergy of the diplomatic capacities of the Islamic Council with executive institutions related to the field of foreign policy-making and increasing the use of public and parliamentary diplomatic capacities. Manuscript profile
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        825 - The regional competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia and its impact on the security of the Persian Gulf based on offensive realism
        Nader Molaeian
        10.30495/psq.2023.1990668.2215
        This article is prepared and organized based on the security conditions of the Persian Gulf and providing solutions for stability and security in this sensitive international region. Stable security in this geo-strategic, geo-cultural and geo-political region of the wor More
        This article is prepared and organized based on the security conditions of the Persian Gulf and providing solutions for stability and security in this sensitive international region. Stable security in this geo-strategic, geo-cultural and geo-political region of the world is of great importance due to the route of energy passage and estimation of more than 90% of fossil energies (in 2030). The geography of the Persian Gulf, which is separated from the Sea of Oman by the Strait of Hormuz, consists of the following countries: Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Oman and Qatar, which are important and vital for the world in terms of economy and fossil energy production. Is. Britain's withdrawal from this region and its replacement by the United States in 1970 has caused many ups and downs in this region of the Middle East. This year, the United States used the two countries of Iran and Saudi Arabia as two pillars of regional security to reduce the tension between the two countries and a barrier against communism in a plan called the Nixon-Kessinger doctrine (two-pillar security). Manuscript profile
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        826 - Intra-regional security and hegemonic stability of the Middle East countries
        mohama javad reshidi fakhredin soltani مریم مرادی
        10.30495/psq.2023.1995012.2231
        Considering the special and different characteristics of the Middle East countries, the issue of intra-regional security and hegemonic stability in this region can be considered as one of the important concerns in the analysis of the nature of the relations between the More
        Considering the special and different characteristics of the Middle East countries, the issue of intra-regional security and hegemonic stability in this region can be considered as one of the important concerns in the analysis of the nature of the relations between the countries of the region. The main goal of the current research is intra-regional security and hegemonic stability in this region, which is important for government actors. The main question is how does intra-regional security affect hegemonic stability? The main hypothesis is that; The development and deepening of intra-regional security can lead to hegemonic stability and the development of sustainable security through convergence and de-escalation in the field of relations between governments. In addition to this, the division of power between the powers of the region on the one hand and the all-round growth of economic, political and security relations on the other hand can be a solution to the problems faced by the countries of the region. The research method is a descriptive-analytical qualitative method, and the method of collecting information is library-based and analyzing the collected data using the qualitative analysis method. Manuscript profile
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        827 - Political relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and India; opportunities and challenges
        seyed javad Ahmadi Hassan Khodaverdi Garineh Keshishyan Siraki
        10.30495/psq.2023.1993502.2226
        Relations between Iran and India,as two important countries in West and South Asia, have had many ups and downs after the Iranian Islamic Revolution,and factors such as the internal policies of both countries and the influence of the international system have played a r More
        Relations between Iran and India,as two important countries in West and South Asia, have had many ups and downs after the Iranian Islamic Revolution,and factors such as the internal policies of both countries and the influence of the international system have played a role in this sinusoidal relationship.In this research,by using available library works and resources in a descriptive-explanatory method,we try to find the answer to the question,what is the understanding of foreign policy agents of Iran and India about each other? What opportunities and challenges are there for this relationship?The results show that after Iran joined the non-alignment movement, there was a lot of hope for the improvement of relations between Iran and India.due to reasons such as Iran's support for Pakistan's position in the Kashmir issue and India's Eastern Bloc's support for Iraq in the imposed war against Iran,It didn't happen.But after the end of the Cold War and the paradigm shift of India's foreign policy from idealism to realism,the change in domestic politics,the marginalization of the National Congress Party,the victory of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the closeness to the West and the support of American positions the relations turned cold. The result is that Iran and India have opportunities for regional,strategic and defense integration and to fight against terrorism and challenges such as the influence of America, Israel and India's Middle East policies and most importantly Iran's nuclear program,which can be effective in changing relations.This research from the perspective of theory Realism has analyzed this relationship. Manuscript profile
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        828 - تهدیدات، امنیت، نظام اسلامی، راهبرد، نهج البلاغه، اهداف
        عبدالله عراقی رضا جلالی
        تهدیدات، امنیت، نظام اسلامی، راهبرد، نهج البلاغه، اهداف
        تهدیدات، امنیت، نظام اسلامی، راهبرد، نهج البلاغه، اهداف Manuscript profile
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        829 - Comprative Survey of Iran and Turky Foring Policy about Syria Crisis from 2010 to 2015
        Abu Mohammad Askarkhani Taghi Abdolsalam
        Syria has been played the role of Iran's entrance to the Arab world and also Iran's strategic connection to the Mediterranean region and the Near East for many years. Therefore, weakening of Syria and overthrowing of Assad regime will lead weakening of resistance axis a More
        Syria has been played the role of Iran's entrance to the Arab world and also Iran's strategic connection to the Mediterranean region and the Near East for many years. Therefore, weakening of Syria and overthrowing of Assad regime will lead weakening of resistance axis and also Iran's regional influence. Since beginning of crisis in Syria, Islamic Republic of Iran has supported political system of Syria as main priorities of its foreign policy. Turkey is one of the main regional actors that despite the initial cautious approach in short term in the Syrian crisis, has supported opposition groups through transferring of arms and financial assistance to opponents of Assad follows the policy of regime change. Policies of Turkey towards Syria showed that its policy of zero problems with neighbors has not reached its goals. In other words, Turkey is pursuing its interests and deepening of its strategic influence in post Assad era. Therefore, major difference between the two countries in foreign policy towards Syria is rooted in the difference in attitudes towards future of the region. Manuscript profile
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        830 - The Conceptual Ratio of Soft Power and Security in the National Government
        Mohammad Abassi
        .
        . Manuscript profile
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        831 - امنیت، ایران،سیاست خارجی ترامپ،رئالیسم تهاجمی،آمریکا
        nosratollah heidari سید عبدالله میرغیاثی
        Manuscript profile
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        832 - Securitization Approach of NATO and Islamic Republic of Iran
        Masoud Motallebi Majid Gholami
        The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the virtual neighbor of Islamic Republic of Iran, is cooperating with all our land and water borders. This organization, in its newest strategic notion, made efforts through a more political and global interpretation of its More
        The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the virtual neighbor of Islamic Republic of Iran, is cooperating with all our land and water borders. This organization, in its newest strategic notion, made efforts through a more political and global interpretation of its missions to provide the ultra-geographical legitimacy throughout the world. On the other hand, Islamic Republic of Iran and its resultant political Islam achieved more dynamic regional and international attendance following stability periods; thus, due to substantial differences of standards and thought criteria, it is identified as NATO’s ideological rival. In this regard, this paper studies the relationship of the third generation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization with Islamic Republic of Iran and raises the main question of what is the strategy of more political and global NATO versus Iran. Research main hypothesis, regarding content analysis and library method, is “the North Atlantic Treaty Organization tries to introduce Iran as a regional and global crisis by “securitization” strategy and geopolitically isolates Islamic Republic of Iran”. The findings demonstrate that NATO’s activities in recent years and developed military cooperation, information and security sharing with Iran’s neighbors can be analyzed; therefore, it is necessary that the authorities, mainly considering NATO’s activities across borders, identify and operationalize the strategy versus the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Manuscript profile
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        833 - تروریسم دریایی: امنیت دریا و مسئولیت دولت‌ها
        آرش شرقی
        Manuscript profile
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        834 - The Role of Interactions and Contrast Foreign Policies of U.S. and Russia in Development of South Caucasus; A Case Study: Energy
        Abol Ghasem Taheri Behrad Farahmand
        Caucasus in south west of Russia, is an important region of the world that on the base of Mackinder hart land theory, mastering it is one of the factors that dominate the world. In the south of region, South Caucasus is which the source of energy and four routes connect More
        Caucasus in south west of Russia, is an important region of the world that on the base of Mackinder hart land theory, mastering it is one of the factors that dominate the world. In the south of region, South Caucasus is which the source of energy and four routes connecting Asia, Europe and Africa to another. In this intermediate, after the end of the bipolar international system, that the new geopolitics of South Caucasus has been and the countries of Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia gained independence, US used to disturb the balance of power in their favor and Its foreign policy in a way that will influence in the area. The purpose of this article examine the influence that Russia against the US in the region, to maintain a balance in favor for US. Result showed that US foreign policy geopolitics of the South Caucasus against Russia, five rounds of interaction and confrontation has com.   Manuscript profile
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        835 - Shale Gas and Enrgy Security in Persian Gulf
        Abolghasem Taheri Alireza Rostamaghae
        The country like United States presence in gas production world by shale gas production which was considered as a largest importer of LNG in the world would be one of the biggest challenge for other gas exporter countries. At the time being internal gas production in Un More
        The country like United States presence in gas production world by shale gas production which was considered as a largest importer of LNG in the world would be one of the biggest challenge for other gas exporter countries. At the time being internal gas production in United States minimize gas price levels in Europe and Asia, so market analyzers believe that United States shift from being the world’s largest importer of gas to being a major global exporter till end of current decade. In coming years energy independence in United States will change global geopolitics that Persian Gulf would be the most sensitive area to this change. Huge oil and gas reserves in this area always were one of the major reasons of United States interest in this region. Now a third of global oil demand is supplied by this area and it put in the international focus.In this review shale gas revolution in United States and its impacts on global energy market and other countries is investigated. Specifically on one of the gravity center of world energy, Persian Gulf which rely on its oil and gas revenues highly. The theory would be that by reducing United States energy dependence energy producer especially in Middle East will face hydrocarbon resources. Manuscript profile
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        836 - نقش شورای امنیت در مقابله با تامین مالی تروریسم
        mohamad rezazadeh هوشنگ شامبیاتی mohamadali mahdei
        Manuscript profile
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        837 - Analyzing factors affecting food insecurity in rural areas of Gorgan
        seyedeh mohadase zeyaie farhad shirani bidabadi farshid eshraghi
        Manuscript profile
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        838 - The Effect of Oil Income on the Food Security of Rural Households
        basireh saeidi hamed ghaderzadeh nasibeh zareii
        Manuscript profile
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        839 - The Role of Virtual Social Networks in Changing People's Tolerance Threshold with an Emphasis on Divergence in the Anti-security Protests Atmosphere
        mohamadreza mousavifard maryam forati maghdad sadat hossaini
        The purpose of this research is to provide a partial epistemology of the effects of social networks on divergence of people's tolerance threshold in the atmosphere of anti-security disturbances. Through the present research paper, we try to explain the subject with a de More
        The purpose of this research is to provide a partial epistemology of the effects of social networks on divergence of people's tolerance threshold in the atmosphere of anti-security disturbances. Through the present research paper, we try to explain the subject with a descriptive and analytical approach by analyzing data through documentary and library research methodology. Through this research we will be searching for a logical answer to these questions: what are the effective factors in the emergence of the situation of divergence of the social and political tolerance threshold of the people? and, how their actions could be addressed in the form of crimes against public security could be discussed and explained? In explaining the answer, the research findings guide us as follows: Based on the approaches of criminal psychology and the important principles of general criminal law, there should be a difference between emotional protesters and organized and purposeful opponents of governments with a correct understanding of the crisis and its management. In this state of social turmoil, the role of the media as doubling factors in aggravating the social crises and crimes against public security, as the enemy's executive arm, is truly undeniable. As a result, it is necessary to employ a cultural approach in dealing with the ordinary protesters while considering them as reformers and sympathizers and differentiating them with the organized agents and also to take into consideration a third, and of course the main, factor which account for the main part and liability of such turbulences who have to be held liable proportionate to their share before the judicial system. Manuscript profile
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        840 - An optimal approach to detect anomalies in intrusion detection systems
        افسانه بنی طالبی
        Software Defined Networking (SDN) is considered as an innovate architecture of computer networks by using the central controller. Any modification in network data and its arrangement can be effortlessly executed in software via the controller in these networks. Conseque More
        Software Defined Networking (SDN) is considered as an innovate architecture of computer networks by using the central controller. Any modification in network data and its arrangement can be effortlessly executed in software via the controller in these networks. Consequently, the identification and timely response to Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks can be achieved, which is not the case in conventional networks.This paper uses the α-Entropy statistical method considering a threshold and machine learning techniques, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to increase the accuracy of detecting DDoS attacks. In this method, the results are evaluated by 10-fold cross validation. The used dataset is ISOT, CTU-13 and UNB ISCX. The results of evaluation with a precision of 99.84% and FPR value of 0.10% indicate the high efficiency of the proposed model in SDN networks. Manuscript profile
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        841 - بررسی رابطه احساس امنیت شغلی و ارتباط سنجی آن باسطح انگیزش و عملکرد شغلی کارکنان شبکه بهداشت شهرستان منوجان
        صدیقه حسنی احمدیه لیلا نوری
        10.30495/jparnt.2022.690580
        Manuscript profile
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        842 - Review of the regional security policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 13901400
        Fazlollah Rezvantalab hojjatollah darvishpour محمد علی خسروی
        In this article, according to the special and strategic geo-economic conditions of Southwest Asia and the Middle East, the regional security policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which have always played a decisive and influential role in the security arrangements o More
        In this article, according to the special and strategic geo-economic conditions of Southwest Asia and the Middle East, the regional security policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which have always played a decisive and influential role in the security arrangements of this region, have been investigated. This research aims to explain and understand Iran's regional security policies in 1390-1400 AH, which can be a basis for determining the country's security policies against security threats in the region and addressing the question that Iran's regional security policies In this decade, according to the environmental threats, what principles have been established? has investigated the issue, and in this regard, this hypothesis is proposed that Iran's policies are focused on the main areas of strengthening and supporting the resistance front and expanding all-round relations with neighboring countries and trying to reduce the presence and influence of the United States in the region. Bari Buzan region has benefited. In order to collect data, library documents and existing books and using news and analytical websites have been used. Manuscript profile
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        843 - Artificial intelligence and its impact on cyber security and data
        امیررضا محمودی Maryam Bahrekazemi
        Artificial intelligence and its impact on cyber security and data protection Abstract Artificial intelligence has emerged as a key component of cybersecurity due to its ability to assess security threats in real-time and take appropriate action. AI is now more influen More
        Artificial intelligence and its impact on cyber security and data protection Abstract Artificial intelligence has emerged as a key component of cybersecurity due to its ability to assess security threats in real-time and take appropriate action. AI is now more influential in identifying and stopping attacks that keep businesses on the cutting edge. Identifying and preventing threats is the main focus of the role of artificial intelligence in cyber security. If cyber attacks and attacks are carried out using artificial intelligence algorithms, defense against them requires more advanced technologies, and using them to collect and analyze data may lead to the violation of users' privacy. It may also in some cases not be able to correctly predict how a cyber attack will be carried out, which can lead to a decrease in cyber security.Research on improving the capabilities of artificial intelligence to detect and prevent cyber attacks, identify suspicious patterns and behaviors, and implement effective security measures can create significant improvements in cyber security. Also, examining data analysis in order to identify unusual patterns and behaviors of users. It can help in the early detection of cyber attacks and their prevention, and promoting the use of advanced encryption technologies to protect data and prevent unauthorized access to them can make significant improvements in cyber security.One of the main findings from the research on the impact of artificial intelligence on increasing cyber security and data protection is that the use of artificial intelligence can provide significant improvements in the detection, prevention and management of cyber attacks through big data analysis, identifying suspicious patterns, and implementing security measures. Automating and improving intrusion detection systems can provide significant improvements in cybersecurity and help reduce security risks online. Keywords: artificial intelligence, cyber security, data protection, threat detection Manuscript profile
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        844 - Designing a model of cultural security in sustainable development
        saide zare ramazan jahanian MAHTAB SALIMI
        The purpose of this study is to design a model of cultural security in sustainable development. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method and mixed (quantitative-qualitative) in terms of data type. The stat More
        The purpose of this study is to design a model of cultural security in sustainable development. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method and mixed (quantitative-qualitative) in terms of data type. The statistical population in the qualitative section (interview section) includes 15 experts and specialists familiar with cultural security issues in the Ministry of Science who were selected by purposive sampling. The statistical society in a quantitative part includes experts and managers of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in 2019-2020 who are well acquainted with the subject of research. A total of 226 people were selected as the sample size using the sample size calculation in structural equations and random sampling method. The research tools in the qualitative section include interviews and data foundation theorizing methods, and to ensure its validity, the opinions of professors and university administrators who were experts in this field were used. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. In this study, 3 questionnaires were used. The first questionnaire is used to identify and determine the dimensions and components of cultural security and sustainable development, the second questionnaire is used to assess the current and desirable status of cultural security in sustainable development. The third questionnaire is used to check and determine the validity of the model. Expert judgment and a comprehensive review of the literature have been used to assess the external validity of the questionnaire through experimental implementation, content validity and construct validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also used to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in the qualitative part of the research through coding, and in the quantitative part in both descriptive and inferential areas, exploratory factor analysis test was used to identify the components in the first questionnaire, and paired t-test was used to assess the current and desired status. Single sample t-test was used to determine the degree of pattern fit through SPSS and LISREL software. The findings showed that economic, social, environmental, political and national-religious factors were identified as factors of cultural security in sustainable development. Manuscript profile
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        845 - Reliance on the news of the “National Media” and identification of factors that have effect on it
        Hosein Banifatemeh Tavakkol Aghayari Hir saber jafari
        The most important duty and the essential role of social communication facilities is the spreading of social events. All national and international news media that mostly act in the TV section, always confirm this affair that for attracting audience and affecting on it, More
        The most important duty and the essential role of social communication facilities is the spreading of social events. All national and international news media that mostly act in the TV section, always confirm this affair that for attracting audience and affecting on it, the level of audience´s reliance on news should be increased. The goal of this research is considering related sociological factors with amount of reliance on the news of 1, 2 and 3 TV channels between young citizens of Tabriz. For reaching this end, Giddens, Offe, Putnam and Sztompka´s theories have been used. The used research method of this research is the measured one and the statistical society of research are all Tabriz´s citizens that are in the age range of 15- 43 that the number of them is 579694. From this number, 400 people was chosen as the statistical research sample by the use of multi- stage branch sampling method. Data are collected by the use of questionnaire and for data analysis »SPSS« software was used. Based on research results, the average reliance on the news at every three channels was at relatively low revel. By comparing the average, it is known that the amount of reliance on the news of channel 2 is to some extent more than other channels. Most hypothesizes by using of R Pearson test were confirmed and the results of regression analysis showed that positive assessment variables from operation of national media, feeling social safety and the amount of religiousness are identified as the affecting variables on the amount of reliance on the news of 1, 2 and 3 channels that can wholly expressed more the 20 percent of dependent variable´s changes. Manuscript profile
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        846 - مطالعه رابطه حقوق شهروندی با امنیت اجتماعی (مورد مطالعه: شهروندان شهر تهران)
        Hogatollah Ebrahimiyan Tavakol Lotfi
        امنیت اجتماعی یکی از مهمترین نیازهای اساسی بشر است و نخستین شرط لازم برای پیشرفت و رسیدن به توسعه برای جوامع متمدن محسوب می‌شود. پژوهش‌های مختلف نشان داده‌اند که آگاهی از حقوق شهروندی از عوامل تاثیر‌گذار بر امنیت اجتماعی است. بر این اساس، هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر مطالعه نقش More
        امنیت اجتماعی یکی از مهمترین نیازهای اساسی بشر است و نخستین شرط لازم برای پیشرفت و رسیدن به توسعه برای جوامع متمدن محسوب می‌شود. پژوهش‌های مختلف نشان داده‌اند که آگاهی از حقوق شهروندی از عوامل تاثیر‌گذار بر امنیت اجتماعی است. بر این اساس، هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر مطالعه نقش حقوق شهروندی در امنیت اجتماعی شهروندان است. این پژوهش به ‌صورت پیمایشی و با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته با حجم نمونه 400 نفر در بین شهروندان 15-65 سال کلانشهر تهران در سال 1398 انجام شده است. روش نمونه‌گیری، خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای است. یافته‌های پژوهش بیانگر آن است که بین حقوق شهروندی و ابعاد آن (حقوق مدنی، حقوق سیاسی، حقوق اجتماعی) با امنیت اجتماعی رابطه معنادار مستقیمی وجود دارد. همچنین نتایج مدل رگرسیون نیز بیانگر آن است که 27 درصد از تغییرات یا واریانس امنیت اجتماعی توسط سه متغیر حقوق مدنی، حقوق سیاسی و حقوق اجتماعی قابل تبیین است. همچنین قوی­ترین پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های متغیر امنیت اجتماعی به ترتیب متغیرهای، حقوق سیاسی، حقوق اجتماعی و حقوق مدنی می‌باشند.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        847 - ) Promoting community change: making it happen in
        Ali Fallahi Majid Kaffashi Behrang Sedighi
        social development is a concept recently taken seriously by سیاستگزاران and especially urban managers. this study wasconducted to investigate the concept of social d More
        social development is a concept recently taken seriously by سیاستگزاران and especially urban managers. this study wasconducted to investigate the concept of social development and recognition of its indicators and the level of reliability andvalidity of its reliability and validity. the method of conducting research in the study section was the concept of socialdevelopment of documentary type and in the assessment section the validity and reliability of the tool is a survey type.statistical population is the study of all citizens living in tehran city. sampling sampling method is multi - step cluster. thisresearch is applicable in terms of the purpose of the application. The sample size consists of 384 people whose figure isdetermined according to the Morgan table. In order to reduce the error , the rate increased. according to the findings in the documentary review section, the most important indices of social development ( quality of life, social consensus, socialdevelopment ethics and social security ) are. the research data were questionnaire and questionnaire based on 120 گویه andquestionnaire. modeling and making the tool used to examine the validity and validity of the tool was used by spss andlisrel software. the findings show that social security indicators, وفاق and social cohesion, quality of life and socialdevelopment are more than 70 percent of the variance variable of social development. also , the level of socialdevelopment in tehran is close to median Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        848 - The role urban management on women’s social security in the public places (sample research: municipality, region 8)
        Tahereh Vousugh Akram Naserie Fard
        Abstract:      Women consist of half of the society; therefore, there is a need to managers for planning and designing to care about all aspects and people, because the places without control and supervision cause some problem for management and More
        Abstract:      Women consist of half of the society; therefore, there is a need to managers for planning and designing to care about all aspects and people, because the places without control and supervision cause some problem for management and urban officials. Hence, recognition and pathology such spaces have deep effect on the reduction of urban crime and creating security among citizenry on side, the increasing meaningful co-ownership. Therefore, we have dealt with investigating the role of urban management on social security feeling of women in this research. The statistical population was geographic area of 8th region of district and all women who were resident were in this statistical population. For determination of sample volume, we used Cochran method. According to this sampling estimate, they were 176 persons. Research tool was questionnaire. Obtained data with the use of SPSS software was analyzed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        849 - The Role of New Media Mass Communication on the sense of youth social security (Case Study: Rey City)
        Mehdi Naderi Mohammad Rahimi
        The present research studies the new role of communicational communication on youth social security. The research is applied in a survey method. The method of doing it is field and using a questionnaire. The statistical population of this research is all townspeople of More
        The present research studies the new role of communicational communication on youth social security. The research is applied in a survey method. The method of doing it is field and using a questionnaire. The statistical population of this research is all townspeople of Shahr-e-rey, whose number is 349700 according to the latest population and housing census (1395). Of these, 383 were selected as sample and multi-stage cluster sampling. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The results of the individual effect of independent variables on the dependent variable from the viewpoint of the subjects through Pearson correlation coefficient indicate that the variables of feeling financial security, the sense of physical and psychological security, the sense of intellectual and political security, the sense of collective security, the sense of cultural security, The feeling of public safety and sense of psychological security was positively and meaningfully associated with the use of modern media. The results of the collective effect of independent variables on the dependent variable through linear regression show that from the viewpoint of the subjects, the variables of age, sex, marital status, use of mass media and the type of use of mass media have a positive effect Have had social security and predicted about 40% of the change in dependent variables.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        850 - Sociological study to establish shelters for abused women in Tehran's support
        Parvaneh Bayati Tahmineh Shams Mashhadi
        This study was an exploratory study using qualitative methods and  purpose of this  survey was  evaluation  the potential  of social support for women in domestic violence shelters located at Tehran. This research  used the method of matrix More
        This study was an exploratory study using qualitative methods and  purpose of this  survey was  evaluation  the potential  of social support for women in domestic violence shelters located at Tehran. This research  used the method of matrix analysis of the model determining  strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats to the way strategic analysis (SWOT) and compare the strategy of internal and external factors together to  provide strategies about transitional housing for women. The results  showed Improved health-related policies in the prevention of domestic violence against women, Create a supportive environment, health centers,  transitional housing, particularly   increased government attention in human capital for women of domestic violence, Capacity of government and non-government use of public information laws legal support structures for women, Strengthening judicial institutions, social work and counseling in family courts, Strengthen the various sectors of society to participate in programs to create  transitional housing for women, Women's empowerment in the face of problems and living a healthy life skills training can prevent or reduce the impact of violence against women  cab be effective. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        851 - The role of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom on the feeling of social security mediated by spiritual intelligence
        aghil rastegari maryam hafezian
        Introduction and Objective: In this study, the effect of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in relation to the feeling of social security with the mediating role of spiritual intelligence was examined in the form of a causal model. Method:The statistical popu More
        Introduction and Objective: In this study, the effect of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in relation to the feeling of social security with the mediating role of spiritual intelligence was examined in the form of a causal model. Method:The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of the organization of the martyr Foundation of North Khorasan Province in 160 people who were selected by stratified random sampling of 113 persons according to Morgan's Curriesi Journal (1972). To collect data from social security questionnaires, self-sacrifice culture And martyrdom and spiritual intelligence were used. The reliability of the questionnaires was ./83, ./90, and ./92 respectively, indicating high validity and reliability of the questionnaire. In order to analyze the hypotheses of the research, the structural model method has been used with the help of Lisrel software. Findings: The results of the structural equation model showed that the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom with a value of 0.54 affects the feeling of social security and the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom with a value of 0.48 affects spiritual intelligence and spiritual intelligence with a value of 0.36 affects the feeling of social security. Conclusion: The results showed that by strengthening the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom, the feeling of social security has also increased, in which spiritual intelligence plays a positive mediating role. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        852 - 0The impact of the crimes committed in Myanmar on Iran's national security and the need to criminalize it according to the rules of jurisprudence
        sajad rahmati جمال بیگی بابک پورقهرمانی
        National security promotes the development of political, economic, social and cultural activities, and with its absence, all the aforementioned activities are overshadowed. One of the things that endangers the national security of Iran is the crimes committed in Myanmar More
        National security promotes the development of political, economic, social and cultural activities, and with its absence, all the aforementioned activities are overshadowed. One of the things that endangers the national security of Iran is the crimes committed in Myanmar by the Myanmar government against its citizens. For this reason, it is necessary to take measures in order to ensure national security, and it seems that the criminalization of these crimes according to the rules of jurisprudence is a suitable solution for this purpose. Therefore, this article seeks to investigate how the crimes committed in Myanmar affect Iran's national security and the necessity of stoning those crimes according to the rules of jurisprudence. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and data collection is also in the form of data collection. The method of conducting the research was qualitative and the findings of the research indicate that with the killing of Muslims in Myanmar, a part of the allies of Muslims has been lost, which causes a decrease in the population and, as a result, the security of Muslims in the world, especially in Iran. With the killing of Muslims and the lack of sufficient international support to punish the dead, it will make Iran appear isolated and reduce national security, but according to the principle of no harm and no harm in Islam, the rule of negation of a Muslim's mustache and tail, no religion can be treated as a crime. As if it acted. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        853 - Analyzing the role of the UN Security Council to prevent war in the Middle East
        samira kohan khaki Behzad Ghaffari benam
        The Security Council, with the limits of authority defined by the United Nations Charter, is the executive of the common security system and is responsible for establishing order and security in the world. This research is considering the great importance of the role of More
        The Security Council, with the limits of authority defined by the United Nations Charter, is the executive of the common security system and is responsible for establishing order and security in the world. This research is considering the great importance of the role of the United Nations Security Council in order to prevent war in the Middle East, therefore, to answer this question, the role of the United Nations Security Council for the prevention of war in the Middle East is first discussed and with the aim of explaining the security tools The United Nations is preventing war by focusing on the Middle East. The methodology of the descriptive-analytical article gives a scientific answer to the posed question with the argumentative method of content analysis and using library resources. And then by explaining the effective factors in strengthening the role of the Security Council and increasing efficiency in preventing war in the Middle East and stating its importance, we reach the conclusion that there is an undeniable connection between the role of the United Nations Security Council in order to prevent war in the Middle East. And there is an unbreakable relationship that unfortunately cannot be done Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        854 - Examining the Role of Forensic Nurses in Cybersecurity and Preventing Crimes in Cyberspace
        امیررضا محمودی mitra Sedghi Sabet atefeh lorkojori شادی دهقان زاده
        Nowadays, virtual space has become an inseparable part of people's lives, and with a rapid speed, it has affected all aspects of life. Technological revolution, influenced the freedom of expression in such a modern way that the development of radio and television had ne More
        Nowadays, virtual space has become an inseparable part of people's lives, and with a rapid speed, it has affected all aspects of life. Technological revolution, influenced the freedom of expression in such a modern way that the development of radio and television had never done. This revolution revealed new manifestations of freedom of expression. With new developments in this field, gradually, cultural participation in various fields of the society became more prominent and the relations that were done in limited formats became bolder and more noticeable. However, the possibility to control and make restrictions in different types of communication also became more evident. Such Control that is done mainly through governmental mechanisms and opposition to the free exchange of information has entered a new stage with emergence of the social networks. Censorship, filtering and monitoring of the data and content, and progress in interception methods of correspondence and conversations in such networks have increased in line with the epidemic of these networks. In the present research, while attempting at referring to the freedom of information circulation in the virtual space, the role of the Supreme Council of Cyber Space in explicitation of the laws governing the cyberspace has been examined. Manuscript profile

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