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Open Access Article
1 - The legal status of children out of wedlock in Iranian law and Imami jurisprudence
esmat savadi mahboub ghorbaniChildren born out of the marital relationship , are those who are considered legitimate or illegitimate children as per the regulations and/or in case of absence of the provisions of law, according to the decree of the religious authorities. In case the children are dee MoreChildren born out of the marital relationship , are those who are considered legitimate or illegitimate children as per the regulations and/or in case of absence of the provisions of law, according to the decree of the religious authorities. In case the children are deemed legitimate, like the children born after mistaken intercourse, they shall enjoy the rights appertaining to the legal and legitimate children. But in case they are deemed illegitimate children, like those who are born through adultery, their lineage shall be considered unlawful and illegitimate according to the legal view. Following the Emamieh jurisprudence, as mentioned in article 1167 of the Civil Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran, a child born through adultery shall not belong to the adulterer. This concept means that the law overlooks the natural descent of the illegitimate child, as well as the legal effects of the relationship such as guardianship, custody, maintenance, and legacy. So the rights and duties laid down in the law for the children shall only include the legitimate children. Now this fundamental question arises that where the illegitimate children stand in our legal system and who is responsible for their financial and non-financial rights? This thesis investigates the children born out of the marital relationship as well as their rights and it aims at proposing appropriate suggestions in concert with the equality of the rights of the children in question with those born in a marital relationship. Key Words: Legal Status, Children born through adultery, Left infant, Children born after mistaken intercourse, Children born after artificial insemination, Law of Islamic Republic of Iran, Emamieh Jurisprudence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Justification of aviation sanctions in the light of general international law and international air law (Concepts, basics, classification and legitimacy)
Mehdi AliyariAviation sanctions are among the most widely used and oldest international sanctions. Despite the wide variety and scope of these sanctions compared to other common types of sanctions in the aviation field, these sanctions are considered to be the most effective type of MoreAviation sanctions are among the most widely used and oldest international sanctions. Despite the wide variety and scope of these sanctions compared to other common types of sanctions in the aviation field, these sanctions are considered to be the most effective type of sanctions on the aimed country, which in some cases have led to the isolation and paralysis of aviation in those countries. However, from the law point of view, it has received less attention from scholars than travel sanctions. The purpose of this article is to describe and explain by analytical-descriptive methods aviation sanctions in two fields of Public International Law and International Air Law in order to explain the legal content and nature and the conditions of their legitimacy. But before that, the author tries to define and explain the aviation sanctions based on the procedure of the United Nations, as well as international political actors, including the United States and the European Union, and the rules of International Law. These kinds of sanctions are that adopted collectively by the United Nations or other the International Organization and unilaterally by governments. The final conclusion of the article indicates the incompatibility of unilateral sanctions in the field of aviation with the provisions of the 1944 Chicago Convention, which has the status of the constitution in the international aviation community because it leads to the violation of this international instruments, which in turn is perceived "abuse of civil aviation" according to Article (4) of the mentioned Convention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Examining the economic goals of Iran and China in the comprehensive strategic cooperation document
Arezoo Askary Mehrdad salehiyeganehRelations between Iran and China have a long history. Their first communication took place through the old silk road, and today, with the new silk road plan by China and the 25-year comprehensive strategic cooperation document, the relations between the two countries ha MoreRelations between Iran and China have a long history. Their first communication took place through the old silk road, and today, with the new silk road plan by China and the 25-year comprehensive strategic cooperation document, the relations between the two countries have expanded to the level of strategic partnership. China has signed cooperation documents with many countries to implement the Belt and Road Initiative. Iran has also received special attention from Beijing due to its special geopolitical situation. Therefore, on April 7, 1400, a 25-year comprehensive strategic cooperation document was signed between the foreign ministers of Iran and China, which is supposed to be a road map for the future cooperation of the parties. The current research is an attempt to answer the question, what economic goals are pursued by the Islamic Republic of Iran and China through the 25-year comprehensive strategic cooperation document? The proposed hypothesis is that China's main goal in the aforementioned agreement is to diversify energy sources and ensure its security. On the other hand, the most important goal of the Islamic Republic of Iran is to get rid of the economic blockade by increasing trade exchanges with China under the conditions of economic sanctions. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and information gathering is also done by using written sources including books, articles, documents and internet data Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Antibacterial effect, structural characterization, and some applications of silver chiral nano-flower sculptured thin films
Hadi Savaloni Fatemh Haydari-Nasab Abbas Abbas-Rohollahi -
Open Access Article
5 - A Review of Optical Routers in Photonic Networks-on-Chip: A Literature Survey
Negin Bagheri Renani Elham Yaghoubi -
Open Access Article
6 - The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Aggression and Anxiety of Pre-school Children, (Case Study of Pre-school Children in Fardis of Karaj)
Bahareh Nasiri Zeynab mohammadzadehThe aim of the current study was to identify the relation between parental styles and aggression and anxiety of pre-school children in Alborz province, Fardis city. The sample comprised 60 children,studying in pre-school grade,with their mothers and teachers. Applied to MoreThe aim of the current study was to identify the relation between parental styles and aggression and anxiety of pre-school children in Alborz province, Fardis city. The sample comprised 60 children,studying in pre-school grade,with their mothers and teachers. Applied tools included Bamurind's Parenting Style, Vahedi's children Aggression , and Spence's Children Anxiety Questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPPS 21 and LISREL8. 8software. To examine the effects of predicting variables on independent variable, step-by-step regression was used. Significance levels for investigating the hypothesis were considered a=0.01and a=0.05. Results showed that indulgent style, with direction coefficient of -0.19, predicated aggression, while, authoritative style, with direction coefficient of 0.25, could predict anxiety. These findings confirmed the study hypothesizes. In other words, a relationship was revealed between parenting styles and aggression and anxiety of pre-school children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Studying the Role of Television in Strengthening the Values of Children's and Teenagers’ Literature
Homa Doroudi Nader RamazaniNowadays, the media as one of the main instruments of transferring and promoting of cultural and social values has an important role in the behavior of children and teenagers and in changing their social behavior. One of the issues which has attracted the attention of s MoreNowadays, the media as one of the main instruments of transferring and promoting of cultural and social values has an important role in the behavior of children and teenagers and in changing their social behavior. One of the issues which has attracted the attention of scholars and caused to writings of these scholars is the issue of “the relationship of media with the children and teenagers”. The general goal of this study is investigating the role of television in strengthening the values of children's and Teenagers’ literature in Zanjan. The sample group of this study were 384 children and teenagers (174 female and 210 male)in the range of 7 to 12 years old. The sample size was determined according to the infinite sample of 384 personns and the sampling was done randomly. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire which was designed by the researcher. Validity of the questionnaire was verified by using the formal methods. And the reliability to test the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.91. To analyze the collected data, it is used from SPSS software and suitable descriptive and inferential statistical methods and descriptive and inferential statistics were also presented. The findings of this study show that there is a meaningful relationship between watching TV and its informational and educational role and its role in recognizing the cultural identity and purchasing behavior (like books that are transferring the Iranian culture, Iranian goods like the toys that have Iranian identity and …) of the children and teenagers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Guidelines for Designing an Effective Learning Complex for Child Labors (Case Study: City of Isfahan)
Meghedy Khodabakhshian Sara Taghizade -
Open Access Article
9 - Comparison of Methods for Participation of Vulnerable Children in Neighborhood Rehabilitation (Case Studies: Tehran’s Southern Neighborhoods)
Behnaz Aminzadeh Mehrnaz Attaran -
Open Access Article
10 - The effect of coating with chitosan containing cumin essential oil on the quality and shelf life of chicken fillets
Leila Aghababaei Maryam Hasani Payman Mahasti Hassan Hamedi -
Open Access Article
11 - Relationship between eating behavior, mental health problems and overweight and obesity in school children
Elahe Hashemi Ahmad Reza Dorosty-Motlagh Asal Ataie-Jafari -
Open Access Article
12 - Evaluation of the effect of corn starch film composed of Ag-TiO₂ nanocomposites and Satureja khuzestanica essential oi on the shelf-life of chicken fillet
Neda Sallak Abbasali Motallebi Moghanjoughi Maryam Ataee Seyed Amir Ali Anvar Leila Golestan -
Open Access Article
13 - Identify and analyze the factors affecting the institutionalization of sport culture in children and adolescents
omid safari gholamreza safari mohamad niknam sogra azadifar fatemeh ghafariThe present study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing the institutionalization of the culture of exercise in children and adolescents from the viewpoint of physical education teachers in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad. The method of this descriptive survey MoreThe present study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing the institutionalization of the culture of exercise in children and adolescents from the viewpoint of physical education teachers in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad. The method of this descriptive survey is survey. The population of this study is about 480 students of all physical education colleges in the province. A sample of 200 physical education teachers from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad was considered. Based on the results of Pearson correlation coefficient test, there is a meaningful relationship between the factors of family, social and cultural factors on the institutionalization of exercise culture in children and adolescents because the level of significance is 03%. That hypothesis is approved with 97% confidence. Also, family activities and peer groups affect the institutionalization of culture of sport in children and adolescents from the teachers' point of view of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad. The activities of governmental institutions (sports organizations, schools and media) on the institutionalization of culture of sport in children and adolescents have affected teachers from the Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The joint activities of the public and private sectors on the institutionalization of the culture of exercise in children and adolescents are influential from teachers' point of view of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad. Facilitating activities on the institutionalization of sport culture in children and adolescents in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad there is a positive and significant effect. Therefore, it is appropriate to identify the factors affecting the institutionalization of sports culture and to emphasize these factors in order to promote children's sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Analyzing the effect of denial of parentage on the financial and non-financial rights of children in Iran's legal system
Maryam ul Sadat Mohaghegh Damad Reihaneh Jalali FarahaniRelative relationship may be denied for various reasons and motivations. The denier of relative relation claims that the relative relation that apparently exists is contrary to reality. In general, any person who benefits from the denial of lineage can file a lawsuit fo MoreRelative relationship may be denied for various reasons and motivations. The denier of relative relation claims that the relative relation that apparently exists is contrary to reality. In general, any person who benefits from the denial of lineage can file a lawsuit for denial of lineage. Therefore, the purpose of writing this article is to clearly state the approach of Iranian law towards the legal status of a child whose parentage has been denied. Since there may be a difference between the rights of a child whose parentage is denied and the rights of a child who does not have this feature, it is necessary to determine which of the financial and non-financial rights is different between the child whose parentage is denied and the child whose not. The result of this research is that those rights that such a child still enjoys are financial rights, alimony and non-financial rights, guardianship, custody, family name and birth certificate. Inheritance is also a right that is affected by denying lineage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Relationship between Social Support and Attitude towards the Police on Street Children
Nahid Karami Tahmouras Aghajani Nasrollah Ansarinejad -
Open Access Article
16 - The Effect of Self-care Education on Self-esteem of Street Children in Tehran
Mahdi Zare Bahramabadi Mohammad Reza Heidarhaei -
Open Access Article
17 - Sociological Analysis of the Rights of Children with Disabilities: Policies of Iran, the Islamic World, and the International Sphere
Maryam Sha’ban Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Fateme Ja’fari -
Open Access Article
18 - Normalizing the Mental and Motor Test for Iranian 1-30 Month Old Infants of Mothers Who Work at Medical Centers
Mahtab Motamed Hadi Bahrami Javid PeymaniIntroduction: Measurement as one of the important objectives in developmental domains enables the scholars to study developmental changes and retardation and provides insights into educational solutions. One of the most important and reliable scales for measuring develo MoreIntroduction: Measurement as one of the important objectives in developmental domains enables the scholars to study developmental changes and retardation and provides insights into educational solutions. One of the most important and reliable scales for measuring development in younger children was designed by Brunet and Lezine in France; But, to use it in Iran, its reliability and validity are required to be assessed. The present research was carried out to study factor structure, reliability and validity of the scale for Iranian infants of mothers who work at medical centers by considering their job position. Methods: This is a descriptive survey project. Also, given the comparison of the elements of mental and motor scale for two genders in the project, it is also causal-comparative. The research sample include 536 younger children of mothers who work at medical centers (327 girls and 209 boys) selected by convenience sampling. Results: The results of Cronbach’s Alpha showed an acceptable level of reliability for most of sub scales. Reliability coefficient for each of subscales included: positional control of body 0.76, ocular-motor co-ordination 0.74, listening and speaking language subscale 0.58, sociability subscale 0.77, and Cronbach’s Alpha for total scale 0.89. By using factor analysis, we extracted 4 factors: positional control of body, ocular-motor co-ordination, listening and speaking language, and sociability. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that children mental and motor development BRUNET-LÉZINE scale has the psychometric properties to be utilized in psychological researches about younger children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Impact of Product Packaging and Family Communication Patterns on Children and Parents Buying Behavior (Children and Parents Who Go Shopping in Entertainment and Shopping Centers)
M. Miarrostami B. KheiryNowadays, recognition buying behavior of children and their parents is one of the key success factors for organizations. If marketers can identify the factors influencing buying behavior of the child, they will be able to get ahead of its competitors in their MoreNowadays, recognition buying behavior of children and their parents is one of the key success factors for organizations. If marketers can identify the factors influencing buying behavior of the child, they will be able to get ahead of its competitors in their industry, and have a greater share of the market. No doubt, a prerequisite for success in any market is acceptance of products by customers in the target markets. Also, since today's society is moving toward child- prominence, and with the ways of communication such as the Internet, satellite, and rising of children awareness, it can be seen that the role of children in family purchase decisions became more highlight. Therefore, to understand the factors influencing buying behavior of children, and see the impact on parents buying, can be more understanding of the child's behavior as a customer, and based on this, marketers are able to take a larger share of the market, & hence, studying these factors is important . The population used for this study, are children and parents in entertainment and shopping centers and 385 pairs of questionnaires were distributed between children and their parents in these centers, which sampling in each of these centers was done based on stratified simple random sampling method. Also, to analyze the data, descriptive and conclusive statistics, and the software SPSS, and Lisrel were used, and Structural Equation Modeling, used as a multivariate analysis technique, for examining dependence rate of relationships between the variables. The results indicate that the product packaging, influences on unhealthy product preferences by the child. But product packaging don’t influence on healthy product preferences by children, and also the product preferences by children (healthy and unhealthy), don't influence on buying behavior of parents. Also, conceptual attitudes of parents don’t influence on child's perception impression in parents buying decision. While, social attitudes of parents influences on child's perception impression process and child's perception impression process in parents buying decision do not influence on the buying behavior of parents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Examining the powers of the right to discipline the child in Shia jurisprudence and Iran's legal system
sajad elahi karim salehi abas jazaeri farsaniThe right to punishment is an issue that exposes children's rights to danger and abuse in national and transnational spheres.On the other hand, disciplining children and harming the health of the child's body and soul has become an issue that parents and guardians are c MoreThe right to punishment is an issue that exposes children's rights to danger and abuse in national and transnational spheres.On the other hand, disciplining children and harming the health of the child's body and soul has become an issue that parents and guardians are clinging to as a weapon to exercise their own taste and also to abdicate their responsibility.Of course, this issue is not the same everywhere, but providing a model for judicial use in dealing with this phenomenon in general is one of the important issues of children's rights.In this way, by analyzing the descriptions mentioned in the laws of Iran and the United States, followed by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.The different result and disapproval of the Iranian law was determined from the two conditions of criminal justice, as well as the lack of attention to the legal foundations of this phenomenon.Therefore, it is believed by tradition that the different policy of Article 9 of the Child and Adolescent Protection Law was written without considering the basics of guardianship of the child and did not distinguish between guardians who have guardianship or other guardians.On the other hand, it is very different from the international documents in this field, and it has not mentioned the right to punish from the point of view of discipline, which is mentioned in Article 158 of the Penal Code.While the above-mentioned law has been prescribed in the field of interpretation, which is against the requirement of criminal revision.Therefore, with the mentioned arguments, it is suggested to amend Article 9 of the Protection Law and Article 158 of the Islamic Penal Code. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Check Jurisprudence and Legal Guardian of the Child Marriage
Mojde Zafari Mahdi KhodaeiAdoption is a legal institution under which a legal relationship between the spouses or the single guardian is created with the adopted child. In Iran, the law to protect unsupervised children was passed in 1974, and this law with the new title "Law for the Protection MoreAdoption is a legal institution under which a legal relationship between the spouses or the single guardian is created with the adopted child. In Iran, the law to protect unsupervised children was passed in 1974, and this law with the new title "Law for the Protection of Children and Adolescents, Orphans or with Irresponsible Parents" was amended and the former Act was repealed in 2013. According to this law, families without children or single women over thirty years old can adopt children or teens, either orphans or with irresponsible parents, if the conditions prescribed in the Act are provided. licensing the marriage between the guardian and the adopted child expressed in Article 26 of the same law, are Among the defects and problems of this law which are in conflict with the main purpose of this Act, in Article 1, the material and spiritual needs of children and adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A survey on Chlorella vulgaris effect's on performance and cellular immunity in broilers
M. Rezvani M. Zaghari H. Moravej -
Open Access Article
23 - providing a comprehensive and desirable management model in order to organizing labor and street's children. (Case study: Tehran)
Mahdieh Soleimani Ebrahim HajianiIntroduction and purpose of the research:In this article, a desirable managerial model for systematizing Tehran's labor and street children is presented. In recent years, the issue of systematizing labor and street children is one of the issues that attracted attention MoreIntroduction and purpose of the research:In this article, a desirable managerial model for systematizing Tehran's labor and street children is presented. In recent years, the issue of systematizing labor and street children is one of the issues that attracted attention of many organizations which work in social areas. In this study, strength and weak points of organizations that are active in this area are examined and it is tried to rightly share responsibility among different organizations regarding their potentials. To achieve this objective, in the first place, concepts such as social welfare, social policy and … are reviewed, then, different organizations' current activities are stated. After that, existing laws are taken into consideration and at the end, a theoretical framework based on comparative studies of successful samples is designed. The design of this framework is based on comprehensive strategic management pattern and matrix approach and includes three main steps: policy- making, implementation and supervision and control. The duty of every organization in every single step is defined. Methodology:For validating the findings, the researcher interviewed with randomly chosen managers, experts and social workers in counseling organizations who worked in Tehran and all were expert at systematizing street and labor children. In the first phase which its aim was identifying working methods, 15 participants were chosen by Non probabilistic sampling and in the second phase which its goal was confirming working methods, 31 participants were randomly chosen. Findings: Based on the results, planning and supervision by mean of 2.68 and after that, leaving the issue (systematizing street and labor children) to NGOs by mean of 2.55 were ranked as the first and second elements in order of their importance respectively. These elements are the most important ones for desirable management and systematizing Tehran's street and labor children. Conclusion:Based on these findings, suggestions were made with the intention of improving current organization of child labor.also a model with regards to division of labor based on starategic management and matrix approach was proposed which includes three major stages (policy making, implimentation and supervison).in each of these stages, missions and roles of interrelated organizations was presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Child friendly Cities care city as a tools of eliminating child deprivation
azadeh hajizadeh Rahim Sarvar abdolreza farajiradToday s city is an environment that in which adults should manage hereditary facilities and talents of children and this is planners who decide where and how to do that. But, managers and urban planners don’t pay enough attention to children and their needs. In th MoreToday s city is an environment that in which adults should manage hereditary facilities and talents of children and this is planners who decide where and how to do that. But, managers and urban planners don’t pay enough attention to children and their needs. In this regard, when there is no attention to children, their software and hard ware needs, so the future of their lives is pndangered. In this regard, the present study aims to investigate the child s deprivation in shiraz and the impact of city building elements on moderating the effects of urban deprivation of children. The research methodology of this paper is descrivptive analytical in parallel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Effects of Environmental Psychology on the Design of a Care Center for Homeless Children in Order to Mitigate Urban Harm
Dorsa Faghihi Vahedane FooladiIntroduction and Objective: The significance of employing an environmental psychology approach in the development of a care facility for orphaned children comes from its ability to mitigate urban harm. This research investigates the use of an environmental psychology me MoreIntroduction and Objective: The significance of employing an environmental psychology approach in the development of a care facility for orphaned children comes from its ability to mitigate urban harm. This research investigates the use of an environmental psychology method in the design of a care facility for orphaned children. The main goal is to mitigate the adverse impacts of urban environments on these children and address the consequences of inadequate care.Method: This study employed a descriptive-analytical approach to determine the mental and psychological features of children, with a specific focus on the extent to which environmental psychology influences the level of harm in urban areas. It also features a library method to investigate the literature related to its structure based on written documentation.Results: This study involved the identification of an appropriate environment with specific physical measures based on relevant literature, scholarly publications, and expert opinions.Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrate that implementing an environmental psychology approach in designing care centers for orphaned children can contribute to mitigating urban harm and promoting the overall growth and development of these children. The findings suggest that incorporating diverse, visually appealing graphic designs within the care center environment not only improves its aesthetic appeal and triggers positive emotions in children but also contributes to the enhancement of their mental and spiritual well-being. Consequently, the establishment of open areas inside the premises of a care center could serve as a catalyst for promoting outdoor engagement among children, enhancing their physical activity levels. Furthermore, the establishment of appropriate physical environments that facilitate teamwork and persistent engagement can effectively enhance children's sense of solidarity and social connectedness. Eventually, the implementation of an environmental psychology approach in the design of a care center has the potential to improve the psychological and emotional well-being of the children as well as enhance their physical health and vitality. Additionally, this method may encourage a sense of solidarity and social connectedness among the children while also minimizing the adverse impacts of urbanization on society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The serological identification of subclinical chicken infectious anemia cases and effect of this infection on immune response against avian influenza vaccine (H9N2 subtype) in broiler chickens of Isfahan province
مجید Gholami-Ahangaran نوشا Zia-Jahromi عزتاله FathiIn this study, 375 serum samples were taken from 25 broiler chicken flocks, slaughtered inIsfahan, Iran. Sampling with history recording was done from healthy flocks. Flocks dividedinto 2 groups: vaccinated and nonvaccinated against avian influenza (AI). Sera were teste MoreIn this study, 375 serum samples were taken from 25 broiler chicken flocks, slaughtered inIsfahan, Iran. Sampling with history recording was done from healthy flocks. Flocks dividedinto 2 groups: vaccinated and nonvaccinated against avian influenza (AI). Sera were tested withCIAV commercial competitive ELISA kit and avian influenza HI titers were determined invaccinated and nonvaccinated flocks. Results shown, the seroprevalence of CIAV in studiedbroiler chicken flocks were 20% to 100% variable and in 375 broiler chickens, without clinicalsigns, were 76.3%. There are no significant differences in seroprevalence of CIAV between AIvaccinated and nonvaccinated flocks. There are no statistical correlation between level of CIAVantibody and AI HI titer, but some low titers were seen in some vaccinated flocks. However, thisstudy shown, there are high seroprevalence of subclinical CIAV in broiler chickens of Isfahanprovince and subclinical infection by this virus could be one cause of immunosuppression andnonproper immune response to vaccines (e.g. AI) in broiler chickens. However, CIAVvaccination of broiler breeder before laying was advised to transmite perfect protectiveimmunity to broiler chickens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The effect of helium neon laser irradiation on the morphology of small intestine of hatched broiler chicks
هادی ابوالحسنی جمشید قیاسی قلعه کندی علیرضا احمدزاده جواد حیدربیگی ممقانیAn experimental was conducted to determine the effect of helium neon laser irradiation on themorphology of small intestine of hatched broiler chicks. A total of 225 day old (Ross 308)broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized. Design with 3 treatments in 3 repl MoreAn experimental was conducted to determine the effect of helium neon laser irradiation on themorphology of small intestine of hatched broiler chicks. A total of 225 day old (Ross 308)broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized. Design with 3 treatments in 3 replicates(25 chickens per replicate). Experimental treat were: 1) without laser irradiation (control). 2) 6mw laser irradiation, for 1.5 minute, 12 hours before incubation. 3) 10 mw laser irradiation, for1.5 minute, 12 hours before incubation. At the ages of 21,28,36, and 42 days , 2 broiler wasselected from each replication, and various sections of their small intestine were sampled inlaboratory (1, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90% length of small intestine). And villi length, crypt depth, andtheir ratio were measured. The results of related to morphology of small intestine (villous lengthand crypts depth) showed distinguish between treatments were significant (P< 0/05). Heliumneon laser irradiation on the morphology of small intestine of hatched broiler chicks hadsignificant effect. Thus, helium-neon laser irradiation with an intensity of 10 mw on villouslength and crypt depth had a positive effect on nutrient absorption has the effect of feed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Effect of different levels of canola oil on activity of mucosal Leucine Amino peptidase enzyme in small intestine of turkey chicks
جمشید قیاسی قلعه کندیAdding fat to the feed palatability, slow food through the intestines and also help absorb fatsolublevitamins can improve poultry performance. An experiment was conducted to study theeffects of different levels of canola oil on Leucine Amino peptidase (LAP) enzyme activ MoreAdding fat to the feed palatability, slow food through the intestines and also help absorb fatsolublevitamins can improve poultry performance. An experiment was conducted to study theeffects of different levels of canola oil on Leucine Amino peptidase (LAP) enzyme activity ofthe small intestine of turkey chicks. This research in a completely randomized design with threelevels of canola oil with 0 , 5.2 and 5% with 3 replicates each containing 10 turkey chicks wasdone. Animals were slaughtered at the end and different segments of small intestine at 1, 10, 30,50, 70 and 90% of total length the small intestine were taken from each replicates (N=2)Leucine Amino peptidase enzyme activity was measured and recorded. Data were analyzed bySAS (P<0.05). As intake of different levels of canola oil significantly increased Leucine Aminopeptidase enzyme activity at sites of the small intestine of the turkeys (P<0.05), Seems to slowdown the oil passes through the intestines to digest food better protein and increased enzymeactivity in intestinal mucosa are Leucine Amino peptidase enzyme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Experimental study on tissue tropism of Iranian isolate of infectious bronchitis serotype 793/B in SPF chickens
پیمان بیژن زاد رضا ممیز محمدحسن بزرگمهری فرد محمدحسن حبل الورید سیدعلی پوربخشAvian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an important pathogen in poultry flocks, thatprimarily induces respiratory diseases, but different IBV strains may also affect the othertissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the tissue tropism of avian infectious br MoreAvian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an important pathogen in poultry flocks, thatprimarily induces respiratory diseases, but different IBV strains may also affect the othertissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the tissue tropism of avian infectious bronchitisvirus strain 793/B in experimentally infected SPF chickens by RT-PCR and Nested-PCR assays.In this study, tissue dissemination of Iranian isolate IR/773/2001(793/B) of IBV in differentorgans of SPF chickens was studied. Forty two one-day-old SPF chicks were divided randomlyinto two groups (21chicks per group). At the age of 12 days old the chicks in group1 wereinoculated intra-ocularly with 103EID50 of the 793/B isolate, and group2 was control group. Thesamples from various tissues were collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days post-inoculation (PI).The chicks of infected group exhibited depression at 2 to 4 days PI. The IBV virus was detectedin the cecal tonsils and cloaca from days 2-12 PI. Also virus detected in kidneys from days 4-10PI, and in Bursa of fabricius from 4-12 days PI. In the trachea virus was detected on days 2 and4 PI and in thymus samples virus was detected on days 6 and 8 PI. The positive sample from thelungs only was at day 4 PI.The results of this study indicated that the 793/B serotype of IBV cannot cause mortality, severclinical signs or gross lesions in infected chickens, but its replication in some tissues couldexpose birds to other micro-organisms Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Experimental study on co-infection of H9N2 avian influenza virus with Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in specific- pathogen- free chickens
آیدین عزیزپور حسین گودرزی سعید چرخکار رضا ممیز محمدحسن حبل الوریدIn this study, pathogenesis of co-infection of (A/Chicken/Iran/ m.1/2010) H9N2 virus and (ORT-R87-7/1387) Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale bacteria, and tissue tropism and dissemination ofthis co-infection throughout the body of SPF chickens were investigated. The clinic MoreIn this study, pathogenesis of co-infection of (A/Chicken/Iran/ m.1/2010) H9N2 virus and (ORT-R87-7/1387) Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale bacteria, and tissue tropism and dissemination ofthis co-infection throughout the body of SPF chickens were investigated. The clinical signs andgross lesions of the infected chicks were also monitored. Forty, 21-day-old SPF chicks weredivided randomly into two groups (20 chicks in the experimental and 20 chicks in the controlgroup). At the age of three weeks, the chicks in the experimental group were inoculated by eyedropwith the virus of 106 EID50 and intratracheally with the bacteria of 1 ×١٠١٠CFU. Thesamples from various tissues were collected at 2, 4,6,8,10,12 and 14 days post-inoculation(DPI). We used culture on blood agar for detection of the bacteria and isolation assay inembryonated chicken eggs (SPF) to evaluate virus dissemination. Experimental group chickensexhibited depression, reduced appetite, ruffled feathers, more severe respiratory signs and 15%mortality. The most remarkable clinical signs appeared on day 3 PI. H9N2 was detected in thelungs and trachea on days 2 and 4 PI. The virus was also found in the Bursa of fabricius on days2 and 6 PI. The H9N2 virus was observed only on day 2 PI in Thymus and Liver, and only onday 8 PI in Kidneys. We could not trace the virus in the spleen, cecal tonsils and cloaca duringstudy. ORT was isolated in the swabs of trachea on days 2 and 4 PI. The bacteria was alsofound in the lungs on day 4 PI.But ORT was not detected in swab samples taken from heart andliver during study. The Results of this study indicated that H9N2 virus and ORT bacteria wasnot detected from days 6 and 10 PI, respectively and also concurrent infectious with H9N2 virusand ORT bacteria could exacerbates clinical signs and gross lesions in infected chickens Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The effect of in ovo injection of Gherlin on Sucrase enzyme activity of small intestine mucosa in broiler chicken
J. Ghiasi Ghaleh-kandi,The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of in ovo administration of ghrelin onsubsequent small intestine Sucrase activity in broilers. In this experiment 900 fertilized eggswere collected from commercial breeder flock. The eggs were divided into five experim MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of in ovo administration of ghrelin onsubsequent small intestine Sucrase activity in broilers. In this experiment 900 fertilized eggswere collected from commercial breeder flock. The eggs were divided into five experimentalgroups; control (without injection), group 2 (in ovo injected with basal solution), group 3 (in ovoinjected with 50 μg/egg ghrelin), group 4 (in ovo injected with 100 μg /egg ghrelin) and group 5(in ovo injected with 150 μg /egg ghrelin). In ovo injection was done at day 7 of incubation.Two broilers from each group have been choose and slaughtered on days 21 and 42 of rearingperiod and 1, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 percent of small intestine sampled for evaluate Sucraseenzyme activity. According to the results, in ovo injection of 100 μg /egg ghrelin increasedintestine Sucrase enzyme activity in different parts of small intestine on day 21 post hatch(P<0.05) but had no effect on day 42 (P>0.05). These results suggest that in ovo injection of 100μg ghrelin had beneficial effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Experimental study of histopathological lesions induced by ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection followed inoculation with H9N2 avian influenza virus
حسین گودرزی، آیدین عزیزپور، سعید چرخکار ، محمدحسن حبلالورید، رضا ممیز .Avian influenza virus as a primary agent causes histopathologic lesions in infected chickens. Although, it was not any complete histopathologic study of ORT effects on chickens infected with avian influenza virus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histopathologi MoreAvian influenza virus as a primary agent causes histopathologic lesions in infected chickens. Although, it was not any complete histopathologic study of ORT effects on chickens infected with avian influenza virus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histopathological lesions induced by secondary infection with Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale on infected specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with H9N2 AI virus. Sixty, one-day-old SPF chicks were provided and divided randomly into three groups. At 21 days, the chicks in the group 1 were inoculated with H9N2 AI virus, group 2 was first infected by AI virus and 3 days later inoculated by ORT. Each bird in control group was inoculated with PBS. Then, the birds were euthanized and examined for histopathological lesions. The samples from various tissues were collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 days post-inoculation (DPI). Histologic lesions in infected groups were observed as follow: congestion and hyperplasia of epithelium in trachea, pneumonia, hemorrhage and urinary tubules necrosis in kidneys, congestion of sinusoid spaces and portal vein in liver, lymphocyte depletion in the bursa of fabricius, hyperplasia of lymphoid Follicles in spleen, congestion and heterophil infiltration in thymus and increased of lymphoid Follicles in cecal tonsil. The results of this study showed that infected chickens by H9N2 AI virus under secondary infection with ORT cause increased histopathological lesions induced by virus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Investigation of antibiotic resistance patterns in Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens with colibacillosis to ten antibacterial agents commonly used in the Iranian poultry industry
Azizpour, A., Saeidi Namin, V. .Colibacillosis is one of the most important of bacterial diseases in poultry industry with huge economic losses that is caused by Escherichia coli. Various antimicrobial agents were used in order to reduce the losses associated with colibacillosis infection. But in rece MoreColibacillosis is one of the most important of bacterial diseases in poultry industry with huge economic losses that is caused by Escherichia coli. Various antimicrobial agents were used in order to reduce the losses associated with colibacillosis infection. But in recent years, enormous use of antibiotics in poultry medicine has been increased antimicrobial resistance among bacterial strains that lead to reduce efficacy of drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the Antibiotic resistance rate of 178 E. coli isolated from 40 broiler flocks with clinical signs of colibacillosis in Ardabil province, northwest of Iran. The Antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates to ten antibacterial agents commonly used in the Iranian poultry industry was determined by disc diffusion test. According to the results, resistance rates to tetracycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim - sulphadiazine (sultrim), enrofloxacin, neomycin, danofloxacin, colistin, ampicillin, florfenicol and lincospectine were 99.43%, 97.75%, 80.34%, 77.53%, 75.84%, 69.66%, 68.54%, 60.11%, 58.99% and 36.52%, respectively. There were 51 drug resistance patterns among 178 E. coli isolates to ten antibacterial agents commonly used in the poultry industry that 142 isolates (79.78%) belonged to more than one pattern, whereas 36 isolates (20.22%) each isolate belonged to one pattern only. The results of this study show the high frequency of resistance to antimicrobial agents commonly used in the Iranian poultry industry. So, National monitoring programs is strongly needed for antimicrobial resistance and rational use of antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The effect of combination of probiotic, lactase enzyme and special antibodies on humoral immunity and histomorphology of lymphoid organs in broiler chickens
Molakhah, H., Zakeri, A.* .The aim of this research has been to determine the effect compound of probiotics, lactase enzyme and antibodies on improving the histomorphology characters of lymphoid organs and improving growth humoral immunity of broiler chickens. For this purpose, 96 broilers (W- Ro MoreThe aim of this research has been to determine the effect compound of probiotics, lactase enzyme and antibodies on improving the histomorphology characters of lymphoid organs and improving growth humoral immunity of broiler chickens. For this purpose, 96 broilers (W- Ross 308) have been randomly divided into two groups of 48 with 4 replicates. For evaluation of humoral immunity, samples were selected from each replication randomly at 3rd, 23th and 42th day of production, and cc blood was got from wing vein and HI was tested. For evaluation of histomorphology of lymphoid organs at the end of period, randomly two slaughter samples were selected from each replication has been sent to the histology lab. The results of statistical analysis were shown that rate of antibodies was non significant at -day – old (p>0.05) and it was significant at days and days (p). Microscopic studies of lymphoid organs (Bursa of fabricius, spleen and thymus) were shown significant statistical difference (p<0.05) but non significant at other parameters. According to the results of using of the combination can improved humoral immune system and has no medicinal residue in poultry meat, it can be an appropriate substitute for growth stimulating antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The survey of pathologic lesions of trachea in co-administration of H120 and 4/91 IB vaccines in broiler chickens
Mohammadi,M.,Gholami A.M.,Fathi-Hafshejani,E .Infectious bronchitis (IB) disease is one of main infectious disease in poultry production. IB virus posses several serotype that the immunity against each serotype is specific. The protection against any serotype is expected by vaccination against the same serotype. In MoreInfectious bronchitis (IB) disease is one of main infectious disease in poultry production. IB virus posses several serotype that the immunity against each serotype is specific. The protection against any serotype is expected by vaccination against the same serotype. In Iran, the Massachusetts and 4/91 serotypes are common and different commercial IB vaccines were utilized against these serotypes. By considering to this fact that there is no interference between different IB virus serotypes, this seems that administration of different IB vaccines simultaneously or by short interval time can be effective for increasing of protection level. Therefore, in this study the vaccinal reaction was studied following of administration of two distinct IB vaccines by pathological examination. For this, in commercial farms the H120 and 4/91 vaccines administrated distinctly and simultaneously. In this study the vaccination programs were examined and compared with pathological examination of trachea. The result represents that co-administration of H120 and 4/91 can induce higher pathologic lesions on trachea. It concluded that in IB vaccination, it is better to administrate different vaccines with interval time and do not vaccination simultaneously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Histomorphological study of large intestine development at different ages of african ostrich chickens (struthio camelus)
A. علائی نوین , B. Rasouli محمد AbediThe morphology of the large intestine in birds is different. In addition to its nutritional role, because of the existence of lymphatic tissue, it plays an important immunological role. The present study was designed and conducted to expand the histological knowledge of MoreThe morphology of the large intestine in birds is different. In addition to its nutritional role, because of the existence of lymphatic tissue, it plays an important immunological role. The present study was designed and conducted to expand the histological knowledge of the gastrointestinal tract in birds by evaluating the histomorphology of the cecum and colon at different ages. For this purpose, 36 ostrich chicks were selected in 6 age groups. These samples were selected from slaughterhouses around Tehran at the ages of one and fifteen days and one, three, six, and twelve months. In this study, it was found the epithelium of the cecum is pseudostratified and simple columnar, and the number of goblet cells increases with the age of the chickens. The muscularis mucosa at the base of the cecum was indistinct and thin, but clear at the apex of the cecum and colon. The thickness of the muscular layer increased with age the Auerbach plexus were mostly seen between the fibers of the longitudinal layer of the muscular layer. The lymphatic tissue was also observed in follicular shape in the lamina propria of the cecum from the age of six months. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in general, in terms of histomorphological features, the development of the large intestine in ostrich chickens is very similar to other birds, especially the Struthioniformes. However, the differences can be found in the condition of the muscularis mucosa and the distribution and timing of lymphatic tissue formation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Effects of Zataria multiflora seed powder on hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters in broiler and native chickens from Kermanshah
, F. Mohammadi , N Choobkar , Z. MoradiThe current study was conducted to investigate the dietary effects of various amounts of Zataria multiflora seed powder on hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters in broiler and native chicken, in a random study using 4 treatments including 0 (control), MoreThe current study was conducted to investigate the dietary effects of various amounts of Zataria multiflora seed powder on hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters in broiler and native chicken, in a random study using 4 treatments including 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of Z. multiflora powder in diet for 42 days. At the end point, blood specimens were taken from wing vein and after the preparation of the serum samples, the following biochemical factors were measured using standard assay kits: total protein, albumin, globulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein as well as hepatic enzymes activates including, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. The number of lymphocytes and heterophiles also were counted. Furthermore, immunoglobulin contents were measured in serum samples. The obtained results showed that the herbal supplement can significantly alter all of the aforementioned factors in both races compared to the control. In addition, racial differences of the parameters including cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, lymphocytes, heterophiles, ALT activity and IgM were recorded in control groups. Conclusively, supplementation with Z. multiflora powder can improve hematological and biochemical parameters in both races. However, the immunoglobulin contents did not change remarkably and seems like the higher amounts of the herbal powder should be used to improve immunological responses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The effect of nanosilver oral administration on body function, some blood and biochemical parameters of serum in chickens
M. Rahim, M. Talebi mehrdar,Silver has long been known for its antibacterial properties. In fact, silver nanoparticles, due to the release of silver ions, show such properties against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and are widely used as additives in poultry diets. Regarding th MoreSilver has long been known for its antibacterial properties. In fact, silver nanoparticles, due to the release of silver ions, show such properties against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and are widely used as additives in poultry diets. Regarding the antibacterial effects of this compound, research has shown contradictory results that do not indicate beneficial antibacterial effects. For this study, 240 one-day-old male chickens were divided into six groups with four replications. The experimental groups were: control diet (without additives), diet containing 10 ppm of the antibiotic avilamycin, diet containing 400 ml of silver nanoparticles per ton of feed, diet containing 800 ml of silver nanoparticles per ton of feed, diet containing 400 ml of silver nanoparticles per cubic meter of drinking water, diet containing 800 ml of silver nanoparticles per cubic meter of drinking water and to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles on growth factor and body efficiency and some blood and serum parameters and microbial population of the device Digestive (ileum) of broiler chickens and comparison of antibacterial and growth stimulant effects with avilamycin antibiotic.The results showed a significant increase (P <0.05) in monocytes and chicken feed consumption and an increase in Clostridium population and a significant decrease in triglyceride concentration in the 800 ml group of silver particles in the diet and water (P <0.05), but its effect There was no significant effect on chicken weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Contrary to popular belief, silver nanoparticles are not suitable as a growth stimulant additive to control harmful bacteria in the poultry digestive tract and strengthen the immune system, increasing the feed conversion ratio of broilers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Synergistic effects of central nitrergic and glutamatergic systems on food intake in neonatal chickens
M. Pourrahimi, V. Babapour, N. Panahi,Food intake is a set of physiological mechanisms that affects different area of central nervous system. Glutamate has important role in central control of food intake in birds. On the other hand, nitric oxide (NO) is a hypophagic agent in birds. ‎The present study a MoreFood intake is a set of physiological mechanisms that affects different area of central nervous system. Glutamate has important role in central control of food intake in birds. On the other hand, nitric oxide (NO) is a hypophagic agent in birds. ‎The present study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of glutamate and nitrergic system on feeding behavior in neonatal chickens. A total of one hundred- forty-four neonatal female laying hens (Hy-line) were randomly divided into three experimental groups. Each experiment had a control group and three treatment groups (n=12 in each group). In all experiments, 3-hour food-deprived (FD3) birds received intracerebroventricular (ICV) ‎injections either control diluent or drug solution. Then the birds had ad libitum access to the ‎food and fresh water, and then cumulative food intake (gr) was measured based on the ‎percentage of the body. In the first experiment, L-arginine (NO precursor, 200, 400 and 800 nmol) and in the second experiment, glutamate (75, 150 and 300 nmol) were ICV injected. In the third experiment, L-arginine (200 nmol), glutamate (75 nmol) and L-arginine + glutamate was injected. ‎ The results showed, ICV injection of L- arginine dose- dependently decreased food intake (P<0.05). Also, injection of the glutamate decreased food intake in a dose- dependent manner (P<0.05). Co-injection of sub-effective doses of L-arginine and glutamate significantly decreased food intake in neonatal chicks (P<0.05). According to the results, there is probably a synergistic effect between nitrergic and glutamatergic systems on food intake control of neonatal chicks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The role of erythropoietin alginate/chitosan hydrogel on spinal cord injury in rats: A Stereological study
مهدی Gholami حسن Gilanpour جواد SadeghinezhadSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling neurological condition. In this study, first, the total volume of the thoracic spinal cord of healthy rats was calculated using stereology. In the next step, the volume of the thoracic spinal cord in the T9 area, the volume of the MoreSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling neurological condition. In this study, first, the total volume of the thoracic spinal cord of healthy rats was calculated using stereology. In the next step, the volume of the thoracic spinal cord in the T9 area, the volume of the gray matter, white matter, vacuole, scar, and the locomotor function of animals after SCI were calculated. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein that protects cells in various tissues, including the spinal cord, by activating multiple signaling pathways. This study aimed to investigate the role of chitosan alginate hydrogel containing EPO on SCI. We observed that injured rats receiving EPO had improved functional recovery as assessed by the BBB Locomotor Rating in compared sham and negative control groups. Stereological estimates of the thoracic region show that the total volume of gray and white matter in the thoracic region of the rat averaged 126.2886 and 295.1914 mm3, respectively. The mean obtained from the dorsal horn in the thoracic part of the rat was 52.35028 mm3, and the abdominal horn was 60.79638 mm3, or in other words, the mean total volume of the thoracic spinal cord in the rat was 514.06 mm3. In the groups treated with a hydrogel, the amount of vacuole and scar in the spinal cord tissue was significantly reduced compared to the negative control group. Hydrogels containing EPO (1000 IU/kg) can significantly improve the tissue repair of the spinal cord at the injury site. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - An experimental study of histopathological lesions of secondary infection with H9N2 avian influenza virus following inoculation by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in SPF chickens
آیدین Azizpour زهرا Amirajam راحم , khoshbakht نورالدین Hosseinpour AzadThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the type, severity and extent of tissue lesions induced by secondary infection with avian influenza virus following inoculation by ORT in SPF chickens. Sixty, one-day-old SPF chicks were provided and divided randomly into three MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the type, severity and extent of tissue lesions induced by secondary infection with avian influenza virus following inoculation by ORT in SPF chickens. Sixty, one-day-old SPF chicks were provided and divided randomly into three groups. At the age of 21 days, the chicks in the first group were inoculated only with ORT and second group inoculated first with ORT and three days later with H9N2 virus. Each bird in third group was received only with PBS as control. Tissue samples were taken from trachea, lungs, liver, kidneys, bursa of fabricius, thymus, spleen and cecal tonsils for histopathological studies and after preparation and tissue sections were stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) method. In chickens of the first group, ORT bacteria in addition to cause tissue lesions in organs of the respiratory system (loss of cilia with infiltration of mononuclear cells under the mucosa in the trachea, hyperemia and pneumonia in the lung), liver (congestion of sinusoids and central veins) and the kidneys (Hemorrhage and necrosis of urinary tubes) in immune system organs also cause tissue lesions such as lymphocyte depletion in the bursa of fabricius, congestion and heterophil infiltration in thymus and increase in the of lymphoid follicles in the spleen and cecal tonsils. The histopathological lesions in chickens of the second group was more severe and longer than that of the first group. Tissue changes were not observed in control group. The results of this study showed that in chickens inoculated by ORT and under secondary infection with avian influenza virus cause exacerbate and prolongation histopathological lesions induced by ORT. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The effect of baking powder micro-encapsulated carnauba wax on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of chicken coated with tempura powder during the storage period
A. Khosronia A. Jafarpour Gh. Asadi S. M. Seyedin Ardebili Sh. Yousefi Introduction: Coated foods are consumed in restaurants and homes immediately or shortly after preparation. This study was conducted with the aim of microencapsulating baking powder with carnauba wax in tempura formulation and investigating the changes of tempura p More Introduction: Coated foods are consumed in restaurants and homes immediately or shortly after preparation. This study was conducted with the aim of microencapsulating baking powder with carnauba wax in tempura formulation and investigating the changes of tempura powder during storage. Finally, its effect on the characteristics of coated chicken was investigated.Materials and Methods: Baking powder was microencapsulated with carnauba wax at a ratio of 1:1. Tempura powder was prepared in three groups: T1 (control), T2 (tempura + 3% free baking powder), T3 (tempura + 3% encapsulated baking powder) and after comparing the physicochemical characteristics were used in preparation coats and evaluated for chicken fillet.Results: An increase in fat content, ash, and higher CO2 production, as well as a decrease in aw and protein in T2 and T3 treatments as compared to the control sample (p<0.05). The use of tempura powder with a new formulation significantly prevented the increase of peroxide in the samples during frying (p<0.05). Also, dough absorption and higher porosity were reported in the coated T2 and T3 samples as compared to the control (p<0.05). A decrease in L* and increase of a* and b*was also reported in these treatments (p<0.05). A decrease in texture stiffness was reported in tempura-coated products (p<0.05). The highest score in the investigated parameters (taste, aroma, color, texture, and overall acceptance) was reported in T2 and T3 treatments (p<0.05).Conclusion: Microencapsulation of baking powder is a promising method to prepare coated products with quality and texture and more marketability in this growing market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Mathematical Modeling and Otimization of Drying Kinetic of Quince (Cydonia olonga) Fruit Slices
Morteza Mohamadi Zahra pour Falah Monire Nahardani Seyed Mohamad MeshkaniIntroduction: Drying is one of the oldest methods for preservation of agricultural products and it is aimed and tried to effectively increase the drying rate by heat and humidity transfer. Materials and Methods: In this study, drying process for quince fruit slices with MoreIntroduction: Drying is one of the oldest methods for preservation of agricultural products and it is aimed and tried to effectively increase the drying rate by heat and humidity transfer. Materials and Methods: In this study, drying process for quince fruit slices with 3, 5 and 7 mm thickness at 60–80°C to reach a maximum of diffusion effects (Deff) and decrease drying time using response surface methodology have been optimised. Results: The results showed that Midli model had minimum amounts of RMSE, MRPD and W2 and a maximum of R2. Optimization of drying process indicated that the application of 71°C for 7mm thickness had the most diffusion effect with least drying time. Conclusion: Hot air drying method removes the moisture from the fruit and generally is suitable for drying quince fruit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Studying the Effects of Aqueous Safflower Extract as a Natural Colorant on Qualitative Parameters of Potato Chips During Storage
M.J. Jani S. Rahimi S. Koohi KamaliIntroduction: Color is one of the main parameters for food evaluation and marketing which can be improved by the application of natural colorants with known health effects. Materials and Methods: In this research, the addition of safflower aqueous extract as a natural c MoreIntroduction: Color is one of the main parameters for food evaluation and marketing which can be improved by the application of natural colorants with known health effects. Materials and Methods: In this research, the addition of safflower aqueous extract as a natural colorant was studied to improve the qualitative parameters of potato chips. For this purpose, safflower aqueous extract was prepared at 0.5, 1 and 2% concentrations and were added to potato chips by immersion and spraying. Color, texture and sensory analysis were carried out at different time intervals of 0, 30 and 60 days of storage at ambient temperature. Results: The results showed that a* and b* increased and L* decreased as the safflower extract concentration increased while all color indices decreased during storage, significantly (p<0.05). According to the results of texture analysis, there was no significant difference between the hardness (brittleness) of control and immersion type specimens (p>0.05) during storage, while spraying method caused higher hardness as well as less brittleness in all the samples. Totally, the potato chips prepared by immersion gained the highest sensory scores (color, odor, taste, texture and overall acceptance). Conclusion: Potato chips prepared by immersion containing 2% of safflower extract was chosen as the best sample due to the highest b* (45.22±0.77), least hardness (highest brittleness) (4.63±0.37 N) and the most overall acceptance score (4.50±0.51) after 60 days and immersion method was more effective than the spraying for improving the color of potato chips. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Antimicrobial Effect of Garlic Extract on Staphylococous aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ready to Cook Chicken
مریم Ranjbar انوشه Sharifan شاهرخ Shabani مهدی Amin AfsharIntroduction: In recent years chemical preservatives have been commonly used in foods to increase the shelf life. Due to these preservatives their continuous use in food might not be recommended therefore the application of natural preservatives, substances that have be MoreIntroduction: In recent years chemical preservatives have been commonly used in foods to increase the shelf life. Due to these preservatives their continuous use in food might not be recommended therefore the application of natural preservatives, substances that have been employed for a long period is preferred. In this research, the antimicrobial effects of garlic extract, a natural preservative has been investigated in ready to cook chicken. Materials and Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the garlic extract were determined by using agar dilution method for Staphylococousaureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7in vitro. Furthermore for testing the antimicrobial effect of garlic extract in food system, different concentrations of garlic extract (0, 6, 7, 8, 10 mg/ml) were added to ready to cook chicken and the activities were evaluated after 24, 48, 72 hours and one week .The effects of adding different concentrations of extract on sensory behaviour were also evaluated. Results: The results have shown that Garlic extract has significant anti-microbial effects on the tested bacteria and the MIC was 7 mg/ml for both bacteria. By increasing the concentration of the garlic extract, the counts were reduced (p<0.05). It is also proved that the optimum concentrations (7, 8 mg/ml) of garlic extract had a significant effect on the sensory characteristics of cooked chicken. Conclusion: The optimum concentration of garlic extract, apart from decreasing the bacterial counts and increasing the shelf life, had a positive effect on organoleptic properties of cooked chicken. Therefore this compound might be employed as replacement for the chemical preservatives used in food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Effect of Inulin and Microcrystalline Cellulose on Oil Absorption, Texture and Sensory Characteristics of Prebiotic Chicken Nuggets
P. Azizi L. NateghiIntroduction: In recent years, the consumption of fried and semi-fried meat products like nuggets has increased. Growing concerns about the dangers of consumption high-fat foods has caused the food industry to develop new-formulation for low-fat foods. Materials and Me MoreIntroduction: In recent years, the consumption of fried and semi-fried meat products like nuggets has increased. Growing concerns about the dangers of consumption high-fat foods has caused the food industry to develop new-formulation for low-fat foods. Materials and Methods: Chiken naggets prebiotic were produced using microcrystalline cellulose concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5 %) and inulin concentrations (1.5, 2.5, 3.5 %) Individually and in combination (2.5 % inulin and 1% microcrystalline cellulose). The physicochemical properties, texture, oil absorption and sensory properties were compared with the control sample at two stayes, one hour after production and 120 days of storage. Results: The results of the study showed physicochemical characteristics that the addition of different concentrations of inulin and microcrystalline cellulose did not have a significant effect (p<0.05) on protein, salt, ash and coating changes in comparison with control treatment. Also, by increasing the percentage of inulin and microcrystalline cellulose, percentage of moisture and Burn Drop significantly increased (p≤0.05) and the percentage of oil absorption, texture hardness, shear force, chewiness, springiness, gumminess and cohesiveness significantly decreased (p≤0.05) in chicken nugget samples. The results of histological test showed that by adding 1% microcrystalline cellulose and 2.5% inulin the of nugget samples were introduced as the best treatment. The evaluation of sensory properties showed that treatment containing 2.5 % inulin and 1% microcrystalline cellulose had the highest sensory acceptability. Conclusion: The evaluation of sensory properties showed that treatment containing 2.5% inulin and 1% microcrystalline cellulose were introduced as the best treatment and had the highest sensory acceptability and general acceptance for consumers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Effect of Wheat Flour and Salt Coating on Oil Uptake and Sensory Properties of Fried Chicken Meat
A.A. Sari S.S. Mirmoeini A. Daraei GarmakhaniIntroduction: Fried foods, due to the desirable taste and flavor are quite popular. However due to the high amount of oil absorbed during frying, the use of coatings to reduce oil uptake in this food has been investigated. Materials and Methods: In this study, pieces o MoreIntroduction: Fried foods, due to the desirable taste and flavor are quite popular. However due to the high amount of oil absorbed during frying, the use of coatings to reduce oil uptake in this food has been investigated. Materials and Methods: In this study, pieces of chicken breast were coated in different concentrations of wheat flour (0, 3, 5%) in two groups of coating containing 0 and 1% NaCl. All the treatments were fried at 170 ºC±3 for 5 minutes. The quality and characteristics of all treatments were investigated. Results: The results showed that the moisture contents of the samples were maintained by increasing concentrations of flour and consequently the amount of oil uptake of the samples were decreased. The sensory evaluation results indicated that flour coating improved the texture of the samples (p<0.05) but the appearance and color scored less and the flour did not have a significant effect on the taste (p>0.05). The evaluation of color indices showed that the brightness of the coated fried samples was less than the control treatment. Therefore fried treatments containing 1% NaCl had lower L index as compared to the control group and coated treatments with 5% wheat flour had the highest L index. In all the fried treatments, a index did not differ significantly, but b index increased considerably. Conclusion: This study showed that the application of wheat flour lead to produce low fat fried foods without adverse effect on the sensory attributes of the final product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The Effect of Heracleum persicum Essential Oil on Shelf-Life and Sensory Properties of Broiler Chicken Breast During Refrigerated Storage
F. Mohammadi M.R. KhaniIntroduction: Broiler chicken is one of the most popular products derived from poultry. Microbial growth and lipid oxidation are the primary factors of deterioration of this product in the fridge. Therefore this study is aimed to investigate the effect of Heracleum pers MoreIntroduction: Broiler chicken is one of the most popular products derived from poultry. Microbial growth and lipid oxidation are the primary factors of deterioration of this product in the fridge. Therefore this study is aimed to investigate the effect of Heracleum persicum essential oil (EO) on the extension of the shelf life and improvement of the sensory properties of broiler chicken under refrigerated storage condition.Materials and Methods: The samples of chicken breast were prepared in six groups including 2 control samples and 4 treated samples with H. persicum EO in four concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% (v/w). All the samples were kept at 4 °C for 7 days. The samples were evaluated and compared regarding microbiological (total bacterial count, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella), chemical (pH, TVN and TBA) and sensory (color, taste, odor, texture and overall acceptability) properties during this time at one day intervals. Statistical analysis was performed using two ways analysis of variance and mean values were compared with Duncan's multiple range test.Results: The results showed that samples treated with different concentrations of H. persicum EO had lower bacterial counts and also lower amounts of TVN and TBA as compared to the controls during this study (p˂0.05). The samples treated with 0.75 and 1% of H. persicum EO as compared to other concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 percent EO) were more effective regarding the increase in shelf life (p˂0.05). Moreover, the samples that contained 0.5 and 0.75 H. persicum EO had desirable and acceptable sensory properties and general acceptance within 4 days.Conclusion: In general, the results indicated that H. persicum EO not only could delay microbial and chemical spoilage and extend the shelf-life of broiler chicken breast under refrigerated storage, but also could improve its sensory properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Effect of Replacing Chicken Paste with Gelatin Chicken Feet on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Hot Dog Chicken Sausage
M. Milani A.R. Rahman S.E. HoseiniIntroduction: Gelatin is one of the most important biopolymers that is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. High demand for halal food has increased the need for gelatin in the food industry. Gelatin is one of the few proteins suitable for industrial produ MoreIntroduction: Gelatin is one of the most important biopolymers that is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. High demand for halal food has increased the need for gelatin in the food industry. Gelatin is one of the few proteins suitable for industrial production using by-products of meat factories.Materials and Methods: Gelatin was extracted from chicken feet and subjected to physicochemical tests (moisture, ash, protein, fat, pH and extraction efficiency). It was substituted in chicken hot dog sausage formulation at five levels of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% instead of chicken paste. Physicochemical and sensory properties of sausages containing gelatin chicken feet were investigated with a control sample during 45 days of storage. Five samples of hot dog sausages were prepared in three replications and the average quantitative and qualitative characteristics were compared using Duncan test at a significant level of five percent (p<0.05) using SPSS software version 21.Results: Gelatin from chicken feet was extracted by acidic method and the results showed the amount of ash; 2.45%, moisture; 6.5%, protein; 82.39%, fat; zero%, pH before and after drying 3.2 and 6.5 respectively and extraction efficiency (based on fresh weight) was 5.43%. The results showed that by adding gelatin chicken feet instead of a part of chicken paste in hot dog sausage, the amount of ash and protein increased (p≥0.05) and the amount of fat decreased significantly (p<0.05). By increasing gelatin chicken feet in chicken hot dog sausage, pH, humidity and cooking loss and sensory (taste, color, texture and overall acceptance) decreased significantly (p≥0.05). During the storage period, by increasing storage time from the day of production to the 45th day, the pH increased significantly (p≥0.05), the amount of moisture, cooking loss and sensory properties (taste, color, texture and overall acceptance) decreased (p≥0.05) in all treatments. On the 45th day, maintenance of texture properties (hardness, gumminess, chewiness) decreased (p<0.05) while the reduction of cohesiveness and elasticity was not significant.Conclusion: According to the results concluded the treatment containing 25% gelatin from chicken feet was the superior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Explaining the optimal functions of environment in terms of socializing educational and cultural centers for adolescents (Case Study of the Center for the Intellectual Development of Children and Adolescents)
paniz molavi nojoumi Sara Jalalian omid dejdarBackground and Objective: Adolescents need the most basic environmental features, namely the need for social power in the environment The purpose of this study is to investigate physical, non-physical and perceptual characteristics to explain the optimal environmental a MoreBackground and Objective: Adolescents need the most basic environmental features, namely the need for social power in the environment The purpose of this study is to investigate physical, non-physical and perceptual characteristics to explain the optimal environmental affordances in order to obtain maximum socialization in adolescent educational and cultural settings.. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study carried out in two sections. The first part deals with theoretical framework with a qualitative approach, reviewing the theoretical foundations of the research. The second part uses a qualitative-qualitative approach and case study method in combination with factor analysis of a large number of variables using SPSS and Smart PLS software to examine the results of the questionnaire. Five Likert scale questionnaires have been developed based on the theoretical framework indicators. Findings: Social spaces are among the ones' and bodies that provide the focus for dynamic activities in certain parts. According to the following six factors, "physical", "non-physical", "personality", "social", "cultural" and "emotional" as the capabilities of each environment, The analyzes showed that in the field of environmental capability, four factors were important (physical, personality, social and emotional) in order to socialize adolescent environments, which demonstrates the provision of peripheral- personality capabilities of these group of individuals. Discussion and Conclusion: the results showed that physical environmental capability is as the most effective factor that it can be expected to increase the socialization of adolescents in cultural-educational spaces with the least change. According to the paths extracted from the PLS model, the path to social capital factors having the highest path coefficient (0.516) is the critical one of the conceptual model of socialization among others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Create comfort conditions in building by using a hybrid passive cooling system
Mahnoosh Eghtedari Abbas Mahravan Maryam Ansarimanesh ali nouriBackground and Objectives: Increasing fossil fuel consumption in the building, especially in the air conditioning sector, has increased environmental pollution and global warming.In this research, a zero-energy passive system was designed in a warm and dry climate to ve MoreBackground and Objectives: Increasing fossil fuel consumption in the building, especially in the air conditioning sector, has increased environmental pollution and global warming.In this research, a zero-energy passive system was designed in a warm and dry climate to ventilate the building and provide comfortable conditions for people in the summer. This Hybrid Passive Cooling System (HPCS) includes two distinctive systems: the Solar Chimney (SC) and Evaporative Cooling Cavity (ECC).Method: This research experimental-analytical and simulation studied and tested the ability of the system in cooling the building in the warmest month of the year from 9: 00 am to 3:00 pm for ten consecutive days. The air temperature, humidity, and ambient air velocity were measured at the outlet of the evaporative cooling channel and the inlet of the solar chimney.Findings: The findings showed this system could reduce the air temperature by an average of 10 and could increase the air humidity by 34%. Moreover, the air velocity of the SC increased as the air got warm so that the maximum inlet air velocity in the solar chimney reached the highest level (2.8) at 3 pm. In addition. Since the outlet air velocity of the windcatcher rose to 0.41 at 3:00 pm compared to 9:00 am, which is equivalent to an air temperature drop of 3.6, the chamber was in comfort condition by using the hybrid system at 3:00 pm.Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that using a passive hybrid system, the chamber is in comfortable condition from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm. Calculating the cost of constructing and installing a hybrid passive system and comparing it with a water cooler indicates that the proposed is profitable since used, and the return time of the system after running and launching the system.With an increase in the number of people from 1 to 4 people, the room is in comfortable conditions at 9 am and noon, but at 3 pm the room is placed with 4 people out of the comfort zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Investigation of PM2.5 Adsorption on Car Filters and Improvement of Their Adsorption Quality Using Polymeric and Composite Nanofibers
Mohammad Hassan Amini Mitra Mohammadzadeh AhaniBackground and Objective: Particulate matter is one of the main air pollutants, especially in developing countries. Due to their small diameter, some of these particles are absorbed by the body and eventually entered the human circulatory or respiratory system. Since in MoreBackground and Objective: Particulate matter is one of the main air pollutants, especially in developing countries. Due to their small diameter, some of these particles are absorbed by the body and eventually entered the human circulatory or respiratory system. Since incomplete combustion of fuels are the main source of particulate matter, car occupants are particularly exposed to this pollution, especially in large city traffic. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the commercial filters in various vehicles in terms of the absorption of particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5). Then polyacrylonitrile nanofiber and its composite with nano-chitosan were used to improve the ability to remove suspended particles by these filters . Material and Methodology: First, a system was designed and built in the laboratory to measure the adsorption efficiency of PM2.5 and the pressure drop of filters. Then, six samples of various commercial cabin air filters and engine air filters were prepared and their PM2.5 adsorption was measured. The polymeric and composite nanofiber filters were made and their efficiency was investigated and finally, the results were compared. Findings: For commercial engine air filters, the PM 2.5 adsorption was equal to zero and the absorption by cabin air filters was measured in the range of 5-8.33%. The adsorption was measured respectively 97 and 95% by polyacrylonitrile nanofiber and polyacrylonitrile composite nanofiber filter with nanochitosan . Discussion and Conclusion: This study showed that the car filters were not able to remove PM2.5 but the polyacrylonitrile nanofiber filters were able to remove 95-97% of PM2.5. Therefore, by adding a layer of Nano-fiber introduced in this study to car filters, especially cabin filters, the PM2.5 removal efficiency can be improved, thus clean air is provided for car occupants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Identifying of influential components on management and planning of a safe urban environment with emphasis on the child-friendly city approach (Case study: Tehran metropolis)
narges shahmiri Mozhgan Zaeimdar Roxana Mooguei saeed malmasiBackground and Objective: Urban spaces play a unique role in meeting the social and individual needs of children. In this regard, given that children are considered the creators of the next generations; proper p planning and design of the urban environment suitable for MoreBackground and Objective: Urban spaces play a unique role in meeting the social and individual needs of children. In this regard, given that children are considered the creators of the next generations; proper p planning and design of the urban environment suitable for children's lives is very important in moving the human society towards a healthy and desirable society. For this purpose, the present study was written with the aim of identifying the influential components on management and planning of a safe urban environment with emphasis on the child-friendly city approach in Tehran metropolis. Material and Methodology: The research method is applied in terms of purpose and analytical and exploratory in nature, and data analysis has been done using Delphi method (15 elites and managers) and application of cross-impact analysis technique in Micmac software. Findings: The findings show that the most effective among the investigated components in the direction of safe urban environment management and planning with emphasis on the child-friendly city approach in Tehran metropolis is related to components of rules of respect for children's views (application and integration of children's views in urban planning and design in terms of various physical, mental and behavioral aspects), the right to life and maximum child development (suitable legal measures to reduce urban pollution) and environmental quality (suitability of sidewalks and streets for use by children). Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the current situation and the lack of key and strategic components affecting on development of system, the future of management and planning of a safe urban environment with emphasis on the approach of child-friendly city will be undesirable in Tehran metropolis. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - A comparative study of the case of the "Rabaeb" in the historical record of the children of Khadijeh (PBUH)
margan bavafa zohre akhavanA comparative study of the case of the "Rabaeb" in the historical record of the children of Khadijeh (PBUH) "Rebaeb" means daughters of the first husband. This word is mentioned only in verse 23 of Surah Nisaa. It is well-known in history that Kha MoreA comparative study of the case of the "Rabaeb" in the historical record of the children of Khadijeh (PBUH) "Rebaeb" means daughters of the first husband. This word is mentioned only in verse 23 of Surah Nisaa. It is well-known in history that Khadijeh was the wife of another man before marrying the Prophet (PBUH) and had daughters who would then become the Prophet's Prophet (pbuh). In this article, we will compare the interpretations of this verse and the historical accounts; the commentators did not make any reference to the children of Prophet Khadijeh. It turns out that the commentators' position was not in vain. Therefore, the Prophet's marriage with Khadijeh (AS) is only one daughter and that is Fatima (AS). Prophet Khadijeh (PBUH) did not marry before the Prophet (PBUH) and had no children. Zaynab, Ruqayyah of Kulthum loan, who came into history; daughters of Prophet Khadijeh (PBUH), who grew up only in the Prophet's skirt, and for this reason The Rebbe said. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Custody of an illegitimate child from the perspective of jurisprudence and law in verses and hadiths
Majid Reza Kamali Baniani Davood Nasiran Seyed Mohammad Hadi MahdaviThe main basis of jurisprudential and legal issues regarding child custody is derived from the verses and hadiths that have reached us. The custody of illegitimate children, based on these verses and hadiths and the opinions of earlier jurists, and especially with refer MoreThe main basis of jurisprudential and legal issues regarding child custody is derived from the verses and hadiths that have reached us. The custody of illegitimate children, based on these verses and hadiths and the opinions of earlier jurists, and especially with reference to the prophetic hadith "Alvalad Lelfarash Va Lelahar Al-Hajar", due to the denial of their origin (both customary and religious), along with other related provisions (such as guardianship, alimony, etc.) have also been discarded. Considering that due to change in the context of the situation of different periods and in the interest of the child and society, the opinions of jurists have also changed and have been subject to changes in parallel with environmental-social changes; Therefore, it is necessary to examine the opinions of contemporary jurists with the relevant rulings in the verses and hadiths quoted in the opinions of earlier jurists. The results of this study show that matters such as custody, guardianship, alimony, etc., were not the responsibility of the libertine; But with the changes that have taken place in the context of society and relying on the teachings of Imam Khomeini (ra) and, consequently, the views of the unity of the current judicial procedure, most of the duties of parents (except inheritance), regarding the legitimate child has been extended to the illegitimate child, and newer considerations have been made on some issues. The research method was analytical-descriptive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The development of children's literature in the three decades following the Islamic revolution based on historical criticism
Maryam Alkhatib Ali Asghar BabasalarThe Literature, in its development journey, is subject to historical, social and cultural conditions, and children's and adolescent literature in Iran is no exception. After the Islamic Revolution, children's literature expanded and became more popular. More attention w MoreThe Literature, in its development journey, is subject to historical, social and cultural conditions, and children's and adolescent literature in Iran is no exception. After the Islamic Revolution, children's literature expanded and became more popular. More attention was given to criticism of children's literature. The historical criticism or Biocritical is considered one of the important theories in literary criticism because any literary work is linked to historic conditions. Therefore, we aim to analyze the works of five authors of this literature during the three decades that followed the Islamic Revolution. This is based on the opinions of major critics who adopted this method of criticism, such as Ditchz, Guerin, Emami, Zarin Kobb, etc. Based on the descriptive-analytical approach, we show the impact of historical events on the development of children's literature in the first three decades that followed the revolution. The results show that historical events and special circumstances have affected the writers' lives, and this influence was reflected in the text and content of their stories. The Revolution and war affected the first decade stories. The second decade's stories reflected the economic and social issues left by the war. The third-decade stories turned to a world more specialized in childhood literature. This world is characterized by creativity, beauty, imagination, and learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Developing a model of educational system based on cognitive approach in preschool centers
Roya Fathi Seyed Rasul Hosseini Masoumeh OladianThe purpose of this study is to develop a model of educational system based on cognitive approach in preschool centers. Since in applied research, the main goal is not only scientific discovery, but also to test and study the application of knowledge, so the method of t MoreThe purpose of this study is to develop a model of educational system based on cognitive approach in preschool centers. Since in applied research, the main goal is not only scientific discovery, but also to test and study the application of knowledge, so the method of this research is applied in terms of purpose and has been done by exploratory method. The data collection method is mixed (quantitative and qualitative) and the data collection tool is interviews with experts by conducting semi-structured specialized interviews and questionnaires. Therefore, 292 principals, teachers and staff of preschool centers in the primary education system of Tehran (in the quantitative section) and 15 experts and specialists in this field (in the qualitative section) participated in this study. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential methods through SPSS 16 and Smart PLS software. After conducting the research, the results showed that the components: cognitive education, psychological characteristics, cognitive academic counseling, leadership and management style, cognitive educational content, educational space and equipment, and finally teaching methods with cognitive approach; Under the heading of components of the educational system based on cognitive approach in preschool centers; Approved. Model fit tests showed the validity of the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Civil Rights V.kyfry illegitimate child
mosayeb taghizadeh علیرضا عسکریAbstractThe illegitimate child is a baby who is born as a result of illegal and illegitimate relations such as adultery or incestuous marriage, with no kinds of marriage contract, then the illegitimate baby due to lack of legal relationship deprives some benefits in the MoreAbstractThe illegitimate child is a baby who is born as a result of illegal and illegitimate relations such as adultery or incestuous marriage, with no kinds of marriage contract, then the illegitimate baby due to lack of legal relationship deprives some benefits in the society. Based on dominion of the Art.1167, GH/M, up to the year 1997, s/he could not take benefit from any rights, except the issue of close relationship. However, the jurists with considering the unity discretion for the procedure No.1376/4/3/617, on the strength of the words of some Shia jurists and the Imam Khomeini's reputed theory in this regard, impart the illegitimate child in all civil rights including the custody, guardianship, alimony, ID. Card, residence and etcetera except the issue of heritage, and also if the illegitimate person is murdered by a legitimate person, that person shall also be retaliated, and based on the popular theory of the jurists, the atonement of the illegitimate equals the one of legitimate. In case s/he has no heirs, the religious Imam or governor is considered as his heir. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Child custody from the perspective of Jurisprudence
احمد مرادخانی سیده طوبی هاشمیAbstractIn addition Brshyr children to continue their lives has another mother in need of care. This care should in normal circumstances by the person who most emotional bond to the child, be done. This is to ensure that the custody issue. It is said that in its definit MoreAbstractIn addition Brshyr children to continue their lives has another mother in need of care. This care should in normal circumstances by the person who most emotional bond to the child, be done. This is to ensure that the custody issue. It is said that in its definition: Custody means the administration of life and to protect and nurture the child until that child needs protection and nurturing.Children under the custody of healthy people and deserve time to come. So in Imami to certain conditions considered responsible for the custody has the right and duty to be performed properly. Custody means the administration of life and to protect and nurture the child until that child needs protection and nurturing.Children under the custody of healthy people and deserve time to come. So in Imami to certain conditions considered responsible for the custody has the right and duty to be performed properl Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Jurisprudential and Juridical Review of Solemn Malediction and its Role in Facilitating the Divorce Process of Couples
Mahnaz AsgariGhonche Mahdi Mirdadashi Mohammad SadeghiThe purpose of the present study is jurisprudential and juridical analysis of solemn malediction and its role in facilitating the divorce process of couples. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that with respect to jurisprudence and expedi MoreThe purpose of the present study is jurisprudential and juridical analysis of solemn malediction and its role in facilitating the divorce process of couples. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that with respect to jurisprudence and expediency of maintaining the couples' life, it deems appropriate to execute solemn malediction, if its executive conditions and principles exist. Couples in some cases reach a dangerous stage where they cannot bear each other due to intense hatred, so the holy legislator wants to cut the relationship between them completely and permanently as soon as possible. It also prevents the couples to execute arbitrary punishment by themselves because in such circumstances lengthening the process of divorce is so risky. Therefore, it is suggested that the legislators by completing juridical deficiencies of the institution of solemn malediction and also executers by raising awareness in terms of this divine rule and consequences of false accusation of adultery to women, make use of the wisdoms in this institution to prevent family crimes and decrease social harms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Political Assessment of the Strategic Approach and Positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran Regarding the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Navid Nozaeem Seyyed Baqir Mirabbasi Mareyam Moradi Sohail Sohaili NajafabadiThe objective of this research is to politically assess the strategic approach and positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran concerning the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the findings indicate that the mutual MoreThe objective of this research is to politically assess the strategic approach and positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran concerning the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the findings indicate that the mutual interests of Iran and the two major powers within the SCO, Russia, and China, in preventing American influence in Southwest Asia, particularly Central Asia, have brought them closer together within the framework of bilateral relations and also within the SCO. To counter American hegemony at the regional level and ensure its national interests against the security threats posed by the United States, the Islamic Republic of Iran has taken steps towards permanent membership in the SCO. Permanent membership in the SCO has provided structural opportunities for Iran, which, on one hand, can create a balance against American hegemony in the region with the support of the powers within this structure, and on the other hand, enhances Iran's political and security status in Central Asian equations and Middle Eastern developments. Therefore, with the aforementioned high capacities in the Middle East region, Iran has the necessary strategic capability to become a regional power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Structural criticism of Dashtban, the novel, based on the theory of Cloud Bremond
Tayyebeh Farhadi Maryam khalili Jahantigh Mohammad BaraniIn spite of the negatives of Iran-Iraq imposed war, the war had a positive effect on our Literature andcreated a literary genre called HollyDefenseliterature ofwhich Holy Defence children’s &young adults’ literature is a sub-branch, created by the needs MoreIn spite of the negatives of Iran-Iraq imposed war, the war had a positive effect on our Literature andcreated a literary genre called HollyDefenseliterature ofwhich Holy Defence children’s &young adults’ literature is a sub-branch, created by the needs of society.Dashtban by Ahmad Dehghan is one of theseworks in the field of children and young adults.In this study we examined the structure of the novel based on the theory of Cloudbremond .The structural analytical research methodof thetext and the purpose of the research give the answer to this main question that if the structure of the novelbased on the theory of Cloud is analyzable. The findings of the study show that this novel is consistent with the above theory,consisting of one main sequence and a couple of minor sequences, and different types of concrete and linked chain sequencesare used in it.Also, all the three functions of possibility, process and consequence mentioned in the theory perfectly fitwith the structure of the novel. Dehghan, by the thorough knowledge of teen audience and the art of narration created a structured story which has a great role in conveying valuable concepts of holy defence to the today’s children and young adults of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - In Vitro Release Studies of Enoxaparin in Nanoparticle form and Enterically Coated Tablets Containing Surfactants
Orkide Ghorban Dadras Morvarid Goharzadeh Mohammad Reza Avadi Zahra Ghassemi Asal Mirmohammad Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
64 - Preparation of Antimicrobial Hydrogel Film Based on Chitosan, Poly Vinyl Poly Pyrrolidone, and Copper Ions
Ensieh Ghasemian Lemraski Elaheh khajehali Maryam Dashti Shirin Alibeigi -
Open Access Article
65 - Preparation, Characterization and in vitro Release Studies of Enoxaparin in Nanoparticle form and Enterically Coated Tablets Containing Different Enhancers
Orkide Ghorban Dadras Morvarid Goharzadeh Mohammad Reza Avadi Assal Mir Mohammad Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
66 - The stone children image the first intifada Palestine in the poetry of Nizar Qobbani the case of study (triple stone children)
Moosa Arabi zahra SohrabikiaAfter the bitter failure of the Arabs against Zionist regime, Nizar Kabbani wrote against the Zionist regime and censured the Arab diplomats and he joined to Intifada. He composed protesting songs for the children who have stones in their hands. and named them the pione MoreAfter the bitter failure of the Arabs against Zionist regime, Nizar Kabbani wrote against the Zionist regime and censured the Arab diplomats and he joined to Intifada. He composed protesting songs for the children who have stones in their hands. and named them the pioneers of the intifada. This research according to descriptive method tries to analyze The countenance of children of the stones of the first intifada of Palestine in Nizar Kabbani’s poems exactly in The Trilogy of the Children of the Stones. It considers how these children perform their role and show their countenance in resistance. The most important conclusion is that, their countenance unmask the heavy defeat of Arab men against the Zionist and negligence of Arab society in Palestine history. They are shown like characters who do jihad, protest, fight and die for holey purposes in contradicting men who are traitors, pensioners and just do something for business. Children who illuminate the Arabic language, identity and name. They urge others by hope and light. They destroy the absurd Arabic songs and give new and fresh identity and meaning to them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Cultural Globalization and linguistic creolization in Iranian and Algerian Novels: The Case Study of the novels 'Eshgh va Chizhāye digar' (Love and Other Things) and 'Mamlakat al- Farāsha' (Butterfly Kingdom)
Zahra Sadeghi Kobra Roshanfekr Faramarz Mirzaei Khalil ParviniThis research in the light of the developmental globalization theory and on the basis of the descriptive, analytic and comparative method, studies the problem of globalization and linguistic creolization in the novels 'Mamlakat al-Farasha' (Butterfly Kingdom) and 'Eshgh MoreThis research in the light of the developmental globalization theory and on the basis of the descriptive, analytic and comparative method, studies the problem of globalization and linguistic creolization in the novels 'Mamlakat al-Farasha' (Butterfly Kingdom) and 'Eshgh va Chizhāye digar' (Love and Other Things), because these are two examples of Iranian and Algerian narrative works that reflect more clearly the phenomenon of linguistic creolization. The results indicate that the phenomenon of linguistic crealization is caused by cultural globalization manifested in the narrative discourse of the novels Eshgh va Chizhāye digar and Mamlakat al- Farasha, in two types of nouns and sentences, but the creolization via nouns is the most prominent type of linguistic creolization which is manifested in these two novels. According to the data of statistical analysis, the component of change and distort the names of the characters with a sum of 33% and a frequency of 465, is the most used component in the novel 'Mamlakat al-Farasha'. Then, comes the component of recall and association of the names of famous foreign celebrities and characters with a sum of 25%, and a frequency of 352 leis in the next rank. But in the novel 'Eshgh va Chizhāye digar', the component of the names of lifestyle with a sum of 49%, and a frequency of 220 is the most used and most frequent component, then the component of changing and distorting the names of the characters lies in the next rank with a sum of 27% and a frequency of 122. This research shows also that the main difference between these two novels from the viewpoint of the linguistic creolization lies in the type of foreign language used, as well as the use of changed and distorted names by the writer, so that Aʽraj emphasized mostly on the of the French language, while Mastur emphasized on the use of the English language but didn't dealt with the names changed and distorted as much as Aʽraj did. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Child Lamentation in Poetry of Egyptian Poet Ibn-e- Nabata and Khaqani Sherwani
Abd-al- Qader Pariz Hamed KamaliMaskooniEgyptian poet Ibn-e- Nabata is one of the poets of Mamlooki era who witnessed the death of his beloved ones including his own wife and children and composed elegiesdescribing this event and its influence on him. Ibn-e-Nabata’selegy for children's death is true des MoreEgyptian poet Ibn-e- Nabata is one of the poets of Mamlooki era who witnessed the death of his beloved ones including his own wife and children and composed elegiesdescribing this event and its influence on him. Ibn-e-Nabata’selegy for children's death is true description of separation andpain for the loss of his children. So his elegy is sung with such a painful heart that is near to explode from great sadnessas if he is about to die. On the other hand Persian poet KhaqaniSherwani has told Elegy for death of hisdarlings and relatives. KhaqaniSherwani lost his son, Amir Rashid Al-Din and his death made him to compose elegy in his elegiesmost famous of whichbeing Taranom Al-Masaeb(The Songs of Sufferings). This study aims to compare the lamentation and its characteristicsinKhaqani and Ibn-e- Nabata’s poems based on American comparative literature school. In this regard, the below questions are discussed and responded: What is the view of two poets in their elegiacodes? Who is superior in this area? What are the similarand different aspects of their mournful poems? General result of this article shows that Khaqani surpasses his Arabic counterpart lamentation singing for his son since human feelings are depicted more fully in his composition than Ibn-e- Nabata's. In addition, he is innovative in this genre of poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Comparison of the Effects of Family Resilience Training and Selected Sports Exercises (Qigong Exercises) on the Depression of Mothers with Children with Cancer
Omm-e Leyli SaeedpanahThe purpose of this study is to compare the effect of family resilience training and selected sports exercises (chi-kung exercises) on the depression of mothers with children with cancer. The research method was semi-experimental (pre-test-post-test) and was conducted u MoreThe purpose of this study is to compare the effect of family resilience training and selected sports exercises (chi-kung exercises) on the depression of mothers with children with cancer. The research method was semi-experimental (pre-test-post-test) and was conducted using two experimental groups and one control group. Forty-five mothers with children with cancer at Tabriz Children's Hospital in April 2022, who scored higher than the mean on the Beck Depression Test, were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people each) and a control group (15 people). The first group received family resilience training (9 sessions; one-hour session per week), the second group received Qigong training (9 sessions; one session per week, 30-40 minutes), and the control group did not receive any training. All participants completed the Beck Depression Questionnaire (short form) before and after the training. One-way analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results indicated a significant reduction in the average depression scores of mothers with children with cancer in the family resilience training group compared to the Qigong training group, and in the Qigong training group compared to the control group in the post-test (p<0.05). Furthermore, family resilience training was found to be more effective than Qigong exercises in reducing depression among mothers with children with cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Optical communication with passive silicon photonic chips
Mohammad Amir Ghasemi Shabankareh Sara Rahimi JavanmardiReports of close optical communication with excellent accuracy of 10 gb / s using reflective mirrors and low-loss silicon isolators for interchip communication. The construction of this piece is done with a method for planting an 8µm wide rod waveguide with a shar MoreReports of close optical communication with excellent accuracy of 10 gb / s using reflective mirrors and low-loss silicon isolators for interchip communication. The construction of this piece is done with a method for planting an 8µm wide rod waveguide with a sharp mirror, which makes an angle of 54 degrees with the desired surface. Light in the waveguide of the lower chip can be paired with the waveguide in the upper chip, which is done by placing these chips facing each other, in which case the reflecting mirrors create a complete pair and a proximity and proximity of light. Very fast communication sizes have been achieved with chips placed along a nanometer-sized piece, and the results have been compared with a method in which silicon chips are bundled. Our new method of making chip cores is based on a combination of pyramid implantation on silicon, which uses a very small sphere to fine-tune the chip. Chip integration can cause the packages to adjust automatically using the location of the chips, which are a bit thick at first. The final adjustment of the chips in our new method is limited to the optical lithographic resolution. In addition, multi-chip arrays can be aligned with each other, which will have the same accuracy as before. Irreversible data (Nonreturn - to - zero data) was sent to the waveguides at zero and transmitted during a package consisting of 3 interconnected chips and two optical components. This was done for cross-chip communication. Values such as continuous optical losses, ocular diagrams, bit error rate and power error were measured. There are more places with nano-sized locations. Disturbance or distortion of RMS and small amplitude values for ocular quality are approximately equal to the case where OP × C channels are connected to 10 Gb / s channels. This mechanism for spontaneous tuning of chips allows chips to take advantage of close communications in several different classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Removal trace CrO42- using funcationalization nano magnetic active Rice bran by Chitosan and determination using UV- Vis spectrometry
ali moghimiIn this method, nano magnetic active Rice bran was synthesized. In which 0.1g nano magnetic active Rice bran dissolved in 100mL of deionized water and For 2 hours under conditions of ultrasonic power of 140 watts and then adding hydroquinone, 0.1g of the solution at a t MoreIn this method, nano magnetic active Rice bran was synthesized. In which 0.1g nano magnetic active Rice bran dissolved in 100mL of deionized water and For 2 hours under conditions of ultrasonic power of 140 watts and then adding hydroquinone, 0.1g of the solution at a temperature of 100 ° C to reflux for 24 hours. nano Active Rice bran obtained after centrifuge at 60 ° C in a vacuum oven to dry. In this research to amounting of the trace little amount of CrO42-in aqueos Samples by nano Active Rice bran which is modified by Chitosan, the method of solid phase extraction graphite was used. Amounting of the ions density in solution was performed by the method of UV- Vis spectrometry. The effective parameters on extraction such as: effect of pH=7, the amount eluent 10 ml ,eluent solvent HNO3 0.10 M and time of extraction 10 min optimized respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - DFT investigation of chitosan nanoparticle as hydroxyurea nanocarrier
Ali Morsali Hossein Harati Mohammad Reza Bozorgmehr Safar Ali BeyramabadiChitosan nanoparticles are widely used in anticancer drug delivery systems due to their unique properties. Ten various structures (CS/HU1-10) were optimized to study the interaction between hydroxyurea (HU) and chitosan nanoparticles (CS). The binding energies were eval MoreChitosan nanoparticles are widely used in anticancer drug delivery systems due to their unique properties. Ten various structures (CS/HU1-10) were optimized to study the interaction between hydroxyurea (HU) and chitosan nanoparticles (CS). The binding energies were evaluated using B3LYP and M06-2X levels to consider dispersion corrections. Appropriate values of binding energy indicate high drug loading due to the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds between HU and CS. Examination of quantum molecular descriptors revealed that HU does not undergo much change in its electronic structure in the drug delivery system, which is a great advantage. Calculation of binding energies showed that the most stable structures (CS/HU5 and CS/HU7) play a major role in this drug delivery system due to the formation of hydrogen bonds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The studying symbols in children stories with emphasis on some books published in 1380s by children and teenager intellectual training association
Mandana Alimi Maliheh Hefz saheThe story in the literature making today to two real and Virtual Learning. use real words in real space and virtual and precise meaning to word usage in the sense unreal. Two kind of famous in the story are allowed, allegory and symbol of which are indirect and implicit MoreThe story in the literature making today to two real and Virtual Learning. use real words in real space and virtual and precise meaning to word usage in the sense unreal. Two kind of famous in the story are allowed, allegory and symbol of which are indirect and implicit concepts indicator in the story are. In fact symbol method is correct-that the author with the use of a subject under the cover the theme of other nothing and according to other things shows and scenes and concepts to appeal to witness and example before it takes the author in this article with method of case selection and 50 the story of the universals to the examination of two important elements in allegory and symbol of the story of the children and Teenager . research has been done shows the fact that there is emotional to the world and children element in allegory and symbol of the special and extensive literature to children. Use of different kinds of symbols and allegory are writers-writers special to the story literature children-educational goals in inserting and upbringing indirect in the stories helped. Using the-dimensional style (or character of) belong to the animal kingdom, objects, space and time relations for human reflection and transmission of messages in the form of moral literature children in Iran. and major part of the book has been translated into the published or by the Center of Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults the book special age group Children animals of the kind of the story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Holiness of Derafsh kaviani in Shāhnameh
abdallah RezaeeIn Shāhnameh , each hero and warrior had a unique flag with special paintings which were used as their own symbol , and were very holy. The role of every flag was proportionate with every hero`s competency and character. Derafshe kaviani was the most important and the h MoreIn Shāhnameh , each hero and warrior had a unique flag with special paintings which were used as their own symbol , and were very holy. The role of every flag was proportionate with every hero`s competency and character. Derafshe kaviani was the most important and the holiest flag among them. This flag was the symbol of uprising and revolution against injustice, which was first elate by kaveh Ahangar`s hands , who destroyed Zahhac`s injustice. In this essay , the role and the colour of the heros have been addressed briefly; and the emergence and the importance and holiness of Derafsh kaviani have been discussed in details , in order to clari that this flag not only have been very holy among Iranians , but also have scared and frightened the enemies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Comparison of Neural Networks and Fuzzy System for Estimation of Heat Transfer Between Contacting Surfaces
Shayan Fathi Mohammad Eftekhari Arman Adamian -
Open Access Article
76 - The Investigation of Motor- free Visual Perception Skills in Educable Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder in Tehran
mona siminghalam alibakhshi hussainThe aim of this research was to study visual perceptual skills in the children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The method of this study was casual-descriptive, and the statistical population involved all mentally retarded children in Tehran in 2010. Si MoreThe aim of this research was to study visual perceptual skills in the children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The method of this study was casual-descriptive, and the statistical population involved all mentally retarded children in Tehran in 2010. Sixty educable children aged 9 to 13 including 30 children with DCD (15 boys and 15 girls) and 30 children without DCD (15 boys and 15 girls) were selected by sampling method. The data gathering was done by Test of Visual Perceptual Skills revised (TVPS-R) and the data were Analyzed by independent t-test and Univariate Analyze of variance. Results indicated significant differences across means of visual perceptual subtests scores between DCD and non-DCD children P(V) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The effect of resilience and psychological hardiness on mental health of mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Masood Sadeghi Tahere Rahimipour حسین علی محمدیThe goal of the study was to investigate the effect of resilience and psychological hardiness on mental health of mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to determine the contribution of each of the predicting variables in predicting MoreThe goal of the study was to investigate the effect of resilience and psychological hardiness on mental health of mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to determine the contribution of each of the predicting variables in predicting mental health. The statistical population of this descriptive-correlation study included all the mothers who consecutively referred to the child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of shahid Modares, Noor, Farabi & shahid Rajaii hospitals in Isfahan city that had at least one child with clinically diagnosed ADHD, aged between 6 to 12 years old. 141 mothers were selected through convenience sampling method. Research tools included the questionnaire of Goldberg & Hillier’s General Health (1979), Connor & Davidson’s resilience (2003) and Kobasa’s Hardiness (1982). Stepwise multiple regression analysis used for statistical analysis. The research results showed that hardiness and resilience were able to predict mental health significantly (p<0.001). In this research resilience was the best predictor of mental health. The findings indicate that hardiness and resilience are important and fundamental in the preservation and promotion of mental health in mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The two mentioned variables are able to explain the high rate of mental health variation and considering them in mental health is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Comparing the Effect of modified behavior therapy, parent-child interaction therapy and therapy based on mother and child's mentalization in preschool children with ODD
Mostafa Valipour Zainab khanjani Touraj Hashemi Majid Mahmoud Alilou,This study aimed to compare the effect of modified behavioral¬ therapy, parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) and therapy based on mother and child's mentalization on the improvement of symptoms of the oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in Zanjan preschool children. MoreThis study aimed to compare the effect of modified behavioral¬ therapy, parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) and therapy based on mother and child's mentalization on the improvement of symptoms of the oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in Zanjan preschool children. The framework of this research has a quasi-experimental multivariate design with pre-test and post-test. The population of this study included all children (girls and boys) aged 5-7 years who lived in Zanjan province in 1399 and received a diagnosis of ODD. From the children referred to the clinic, 75 samples were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced in three equal groups (25 participants for each group). In this study, Child Symptom Inventory (1997) was used. Paired t-test results showed that all three methods were effective in reducing the symptoms of the disorder (p≤. 05). The results of Covariance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test showed that there was a difference between the three treatments in reducing the symptoms of ODD (p≤. 05). The Comparison of experimental groups showed that the difference between the means of the modified behavioral therapy group with parent-child interaction therapy (1.07 *) and the therapy based on mother and child's mentalization (1.64 *) was significant (P <. / 001); But the difference between the parent-child interaction therapy and the therapy based on mother and child's mentalization (./57) was not significant (P =. /13). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Therapy on the Performance of Primary School Students with Learning Disability within Wechsler Intelligent Test for children
maryam azadi davood taghvayi shima chehreyiThe purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy on the performance of the elementary school students with learning disabilities within Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre MoreThe purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy on the performance of the elementary school students with learning disabilities within Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design. The statistical population was all the students with learning disability studying in the first to fifth grade of primary schools and referred to counseling and treatment centers in Isfahan in 2014. Among them,15 students were selected through available sampling method. To collect data, the neurofeedback device and Wechsler Intelligence Test For Children (Form 4) were used. Students received 20 sessions of 45-minute neurofeedback treatment for 7-10 weeks. They responded to Wechsler Intelligent Test for children before and after the treatment as pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed by dependent t-test. The results suggested that there was a significant relationship between the pre-test and post-test scores obtained from all the scales (P<0.05). Therefore it can be concluded that the neurofeedback therapy was effective in improving the performance of children with learning disability in Wechsler Intelligent Test for children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - The Effect of Teaching Mothers Child-Control Skills on Reduced Symptoms of Attention Deficit / Hyper-Activity Disorder (ADHD) in Children and Reduced Depression in Mothers
بهرام میرزائیان حسن احدی حسن پاشا شریفی حسین آزادADHD causes multiple problems for many students, affecting their cognitive, social, emotional and familial performance and their professional and conjugal performance during adulthood. Furthermore, the parents of children suffering from ADHD experience a great deal of m MoreADHD causes multiple problems for many students, affecting their cognitive, social, emotional and familial performance and their professional and conjugal performance during adulthood. Furthermore, the parents of children suffering from ADHD experience a great deal of mental pressure and are seen to undergo depression, feeling of restriction, increased frustration, decreased capability and self-confidence as well as conjugal disputes. The aim of the present work is to study the effect of training parents how to control child's behavior on reduced symptoms of ADHD, improved child's behavior and on decreased proclivity to suffer from depression in the mothers of children suffering from ADHD. For this purpose, students aged suffering from ADHD with a history of referrals to the counselling and mental health centers in Sari were selected purposefully on the basis of clinical interviews and their responses on SNAP-IV questionnaire. Subsequently, the sample subjects were matched for age, gender, and education and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. On the sessions training for child-control skills within the experimental group, only mothers were trained for hours in accordance with Barclay's and forhand's programs. However, the control group received no training through to the end of the posttest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Comparing Social Support and Social Anxiety between Mothers of Children with Special Needs and Mothers of Normal Children
mahnaz jadidi soheila safary سالار فرامرزی maryam jadidi somayeh jamaliThe purpose of this study was to compare social support and social anxiety of mothers of children with cerebral palsy, Down syndrome and autism with mothers of normal children in Isfahan in 2013 (1392s.c.). A causal-comparative study was used in this research. The resea MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare social support and social anxiety of mothers of children with cerebral palsy, Down syndrome and autism with mothers of normal children in Isfahan in 2013 (1392s.c.). A causal-comparative study was used in this research. The research sample which was selected randomly consisted of 90 mothers of children with special needs (30 mothers of children with down syndrome, 30 mothers of children with autism and 30 mothers of children with cerebral palsy) and 30 mothers of normal children attending primary schools in Isfahan. To collect the data, Social Support Questionnaire (Norbeck,1981) and Social Phobia Inventory (Conner et al., 2000) were used. The results of multivariate analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences between mothers of children with special needs and mothers of normal children in social support and social anxiety (P < 0.001). Furthermore, comparisons showed that mothers having a child with autism suffered the social anxiety more than mothers having a child with Down syndrome or a child with cerebral palsy (P < 0.001). Finally mothers of children with autism experienced the highest level of social anxiety compared to the rest of mothers studied in the research (P < 0.001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - The Effectiveness of Self-Compassion Training on Increase of Mothers´Resiliency with Autistic Children
hamid reza nuri bahar shahabiThe present study investigated the effectiveness of self-compassion training on the increase mothers´ resiliency with autistic children by the quasi-experimental method and was performed by pre-test and post-test with the control group. The population under study MoreThe present study investigated the effectiveness of self-compassion training on the increase mothers´ resiliency with autistic children by the quasi-experimental method and was performed by pre-test and post-test with the control group. The population under study was mothers of children with autism who referred to the Center of Yavarane Zeinab in Esfahan. Twenty-four mothers who were selected randomly and assigned to experimental and control groups completed the autism Scale (Cars, 1988) and resilience Scale (Conner and Davidson, 2003) were used. Experimental group trained weekly 7 sessions of self- compassion in two-hour and the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of training, both groups were assessed. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results showed that the teaching of self- compassion significantly contributed to the resilience of participation people and mothers in the experimental group showed significantly increased (P < 0/001) in resiliency. According to the findings of this study self- compassion can be offered as an effective method to increase the resilience of mothers of children with autism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The Relationship between Perceived ParentingStyles With Female Adolescent's Feeling of Loneliness
خاطره بزرگمهری بوذرجمهری محسن گلپرور ابوالقاسم نوریThe Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived parental styles and its components with adolescents' feeling of loneliness. To this ends, high school female students from Mashhad and Tabadkan were chosen by multi- stage random sampling. MoreThe Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived parental styles and its components with adolescents' feeling of loneliness. To this ends, high school female students from Mashhad and Tabadkan were chosen by multi- stage random sampling. The main hypothesis was that, adolescents' perceptions of their parents' child rearing styles could justify and/or alter their feeling of loneliness. Research instruments consisted of (A) Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire, (Robinson, Mandleco, & Olsen, ) which was used to examine subjects' perception status about the qualification of their parents' upbringing ,(B) Loneliness Differential Feeling Scale (Schmidt, & Sermat, ) for estimating participants' feeling of loneliness. The hypotheses of this study were tested by using two variables Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. The results indicated that: There were statistically significant negative relationship (P < ) among Authoritative child- rearing style and all of its components with feeling loneliness (respectively: Authoritative child-rearing style r= ,Relational dimension r= , the Regulatory or control dimension r = , and the Autonomy dimension r= ). Also there were statistically significant positive relationship (P < ) between Authoritarian child-rearing style and all of its components with feeling loneliness (respectively: Authoritarian child- rearing style r = , Physical coercion r = , Verbal hostility r = , and Punitive Non- rosoniny/punitive r = ). Finally here were statistically significant positive relationship (P < ) between Permissive child-rearing style and its component with feeling loneliness (respectively: Permissive child- rearing style r = , and Indulgent dimension r = ). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The Effectiveness of Group Training of the Reforming Parenting Styles Based on Mothers, Maladjustment Schemas on Improving Behavioral Problems among Preschool Children in Isfahan City
Mina Daneshmand khorasgani Zahra YousefiThis study investigated the effectiveness of group training of the reforming parenting styles based on mothers` maladjustment schemas on improving behavioral problems among preschool children in Isfahan city. The study was a semi-experimental research (pre-test and post MoreThis study investigated the effectiveness of group training of the reforming parenting styles based on mothers` maladjustment schemas on improving behavioral problems among preschool children in Isfahan city. The study was a semi-experimental research (pre-test and post-test) with a control group. Its statistical populations include all mothers whose children suffer from behavioral disorders in Isfahan city. For this purpose, based 40 people from among the mothers whose children had the sign of behavioral disorders were selected based on convenient sampling and were categorized into two experimental and control groups. Rutter`s child behavior questionnaire was used for data collection. 8 sessions of reforming the parenting styles based on reforming maladjustment schemas were hold for the experimental group while the control group received no specific training. To analyze the data, by the use of the mean and standard deviation of data and also multivariate covariance, the research hypotheses have been analyzed. Therefore, based on the total results of the general research, it can be concluded that reforming parenting style based on mother`s maladjustment schemas on improving has a significant effect in the reduction of behavioral disorders of their child (p<0.05) and can be applied as an effective intervention method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy Based on Mindfulness on Fear of Delivery in Primiparous Women
maryam aminolroayaee Asghar AghaeiThe objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on fear of childbirth in primiparous women. This was a semi-experimental research, having a pretest-posttest design, a control group and one-month follow MoreThe objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on fear of childbirth in primiparous women. This was a semi-experimental research, having a pretest-posttest design, a control group and one-month follow up period. The statistical population of this research was including all of primiparous pregnant women in spring 2017 in Isfahan city (Amin hospital). Of this statistical population, 40 individuals were selected using convenience sampling method and placed in two control (20 individuals) and test (20 individuals) groups. The tool used in this research was an Attitude Towards Childbirth Questionnaire (Harmen, 1998. Before performing the interventions, pre-tests were done for both of the groups. After ending the sessions, post-test and one-month follow-up period were done. Results analysis using covariance analysis test showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective on fear of childbirth in primiparous women (P<0. 05). Moreover, the results of follow-up period showed that the training of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has a lifetime effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Construction and Validation of the Leiter International Performance Scale Software for 3 to 6 Year Old Children of Isfahan
Elham Tabatabaie Kashani Salar FaramarziAbstract The present study aimed at developing and validating the Leiter International Performance Scale Software. The research method was psychometrics. Therefore, after developing the software, to validate the test, from among all 3-6 year old children in the City of MoreAbstract The present study aimed at developing and validating the Leiter International Performance Scale Software. The research method was psychometrics. Therefore, after developing the software, to validate the test, from among all 3-6 year old children in the City of Isfahan 240 children were selected using the stratified random sampling and participated in the study. To investigate the construct validity of the scale, the Vineland Social Maturity Scale and to investigate the concurrent validity, the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale were used. The test-retest reliability coefficient of the total score of the Leiter International Performance Scale Software for 2 year and 1 month to 4 year and 5 month children was 0.71 (p≤0.001). In addition, the reliability coefficient of the total score of the Leiter International Performance Scale Software for 4 year and 6 month to 6 year and 9 month old children was 0.82 ((p≤0.001). The Chronbach’s alpha coefficient for 2 year and 1 month to 4 year and 5 month old children was 0.75 and for 4 year and 6 month to 6 year and 9 month old children, it was 0.83. The correlation coefficient of the Leiter International Performance Scale Software with the Vineland Social Maturity Scale was positive and significant (r = 0.61). The correlation coefficient between the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Leiter International Performance Scale Software, as an evidence for the concurrent validity, was r = 0.34 in the verbal subscale and r = 0.75 in the non-verbal subscale. The results of the present study indicated that the Leiter International Performance Scale Software can be considered as a valid and reliable instrument for measuring children’s intelligence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The effectiveness of group existencetherapy on self-compassion and resilience of mothers with children with intellectual disability
behzad taghipuor rogaye barzegaranThe birth of a child with intellectual disability affectson mothers and place them under multiple stress. The purpose of the research was to examine the effectiveness of group existencetherapy on self-compassion and resilience mothers of childrenintellectual disability. MoreThe birth of a child with intellectual disability affectson mothers and place them under multiple stress. The purpose of the research was to examine the effectiveness of group existencetherapy on self-compassion and resilience mothers of childrenintellectual disability. This semi-experimental study was conducted using pre-test and post-test with control group the study universe included all mothers with children with intellectual disability who were referred to rehabilitating center in Ardabil city in the year of2017, 30 mothers were selected through the target sampling method and randomly were availability into two equal experimental and control groups. Experimental group experienced 8 weeks of Existence therapy, while control group were just followed. Self-compassion Questionnaire (Raes, Pommier, Neff & Van Gucht, 2013) and Resilience Questionnaire (connor& Davidson, 2003) were used in pre-test, post-test and follow up as the study instrument. Data were analyzed by descriptive indices and analysis of covariance. The result of comparing post-test of scores in two group showed that there were significant difference in self-compassion and resilience scores intervention group and the control group (p<0.01). Thus, can be said that of existential group psychotherapy increased self-compassion and resilience scores in mothers of children with intellectual disability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Investigating Psychometric Properties of Quinn Program in Preschool Children
masoomeh Bazoolnejad Jahanshah Mohamadzadeh vahid ahmadi Kourosh Sayemir shahram mamiThe aim of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of quinn program in preschool children. The research method was quasi-experimental and within the framework of a psychometric design. The statistical population of this study included all five year childre MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of quinn program in preschool children. The research method was quasi-experimental and within the framework of a psychometric design. The statistical population of this study included all five year children at Moloud kindergartens in Tehran at the academic year 2017-18. For this purpose, 80 children with their mothers were selected by available sampling. The instrument for the study of the Stanford- Binet Intelligence Scale (Roid, 2005), Q-Set Attachment Security Questionnaire (Waters, 1987), Motivation for Doing Work in Children (Kielhofner & Geist, 1998), Failure Tolerance Questionnaire (Harrington, 2005), and Self- Control Questionnaire (Kendall & Wilcox, 1979). Exploratory Factor Analysis was used for data analysis. The results of data analysis showed that the components of follow of interests self, perseverance, perseverance, Language skills, knowledge/ comprehension, memory, math abilities, spatial visual argumentation, cognitive skills and skills the finite movement were the highest correlation with cognitive factor. The components curiosity, tolerate failure, and self-control with motivational factor; and attachment with communicational factor were correlated. The three cognitive, motivational and communication factors explain 71.37 percentage of the total variance. Therefore, it is suggested that counselors and therapists can use the Quinn program for improve the cognitive, motivational and communicative factors of children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The Comparison of Attachment Styles, Psychological Hardiness, and Subjective Vitality between7 to 17-Year-Old Child Laborers and Normal Childrenin Shiraz
fariba tabe bordbar Leila FotohabadiLabor children, as one of the most vulnerable social classes who have been forced to take to thestreets due to their living and family conditions, are exposed to many physical and mental harm, according to many studies. The aim of this study was to compare attachment st MoreLabor children, as one of the most vulnerable social classes who have been forced to take to thestreets due to their living and family conditions, are exposed to many physical and mental harm, according to many studies. The aim of this study was to compare attachment styles, psychological hardiness and Subjective Vitalityof labor children and normal children in Shiraz. The research design was causal-comparative. Using convenience sampling method, 48 children aged 7 to 17 years (24 working children and 24 normal children) were selected. The instruments of this study included Hazan& Shaver Adult Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Hazan& Shaver, 1987), Ahvaz Hardiness Questionnaire (Kiamarsi, Najarian, & Mehrabizadeh Honarmand, 1998) and Ryan and Frederick Subjective Vitality Questionnaire (Ryan and Frederick, 1997). After completing the questionnaires, the data was analyzed using Spss software, t-test and multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the attachment styles of the two groups (P <0.05). Labor children in avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles were not in a good position. The results of t-test showed that there is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of psychological hardiness and Subjective Vitality. In general, living in difficult family and social conditions can lead to a weakening of psychological variables that have a transient effect on growth and mental health. Emotional neglect caused by laborchild in unhealthy family situations can lead to the continuation of their psychological and behavioral problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Evaluation of mood and behavior, in primary school children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during the outbreak of COVID-19: A qualitative study
zeinab norouzi zad marjan torkzadeh Alireza bakhshayeshWith the Coronavirus outbreak, closure of schools and the restriction of children to the house, several challenges have been encountered due to fewer possibilities of releasing excitement, playing, entertainment and limited use of therapeutic and hygienic facilities. Lo MoreWith the Coronavirus outbreak, closure of schools and the restriction of children to the house, several challenges have been encountered due to fewer possibilities of releasing excitement, playing, entertainment and limited use of therapeutic and hygienic facilities. Loss of daily routine life and social interaction can act as potentially dangerous factors in regards with mental health problems, and exacerbate ADHD symptoms. Due to the significance of this matter, the goal of this study was to examine the behavioral, communicational, and environmental conditions in primary school children with ADHD during the Covid-19 outbreak. This project was a qualitative study of the phenomenology type in which statistical population consisted of mothers of hyperactive children living in Goldasht, Isfahan. in this study 15 mothers with hyperactive children were chosen in a targeted manner with the snowball sampling method. Data was collected using the semi-structured interview method, and this procedure continued to the point of data saturation and finally, the data were analyzed using the Van Manen Phenomenology Data Analysis method. The obtained contents consist of the following eight main items: lethargy and lack of motivation, decreased control of excitement, mental affect arousal of the mother, environmental problems, reduced fun and games, slumping in educational progress, changes in the amount of sleeping and eating, and reduction in social interactions.The obtained results show an exacerbation of ADHD symptoms during the Corona outbreak. According to the results, this project can facilitate better understanding of the factors affecting hyperactivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - The effect of reflection training on executive functions, episodic foresight and creativity in children aged 3 to 5 years
ghasem mohammadyari Nasser Behroozi manijeh Shehni Yailagh gholamhossein maktabiThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of reflection training on executive functions, episodic foresight and creativity. This study was experimental, pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of reflection training on executive functions, episodic foresight and creativity. This study was experimental, pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all children ages 3- 5 with low executive functions in kindergartens in Ahvaz city on 1397. In this study 30 children had selected by single-stage random sampling. The tools used in this study were Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function – preschool version (Gioia, Espy & Isquith, 2003), Dimensional Change Card Sort (Zelazo, 2006), Picture-Book Task (Atance & Meltzoff, 2005) and Torrance's thinking creativity in action and movement (Torrance, 1981). Multivariate covariance analysis showed that there are significant differences between two groups (experimental and control) in executive functions, episodic foresight and creativity (F = 10.38, p < 0.001). An analysis of a variable covariance in the MANCOVA text revealed reflection training has a significant effect on the executive functions (F = 11.10, p < 0.01) on the episodic foresight (F = 5.85, p < 0.05) and on creativity (F = 12.52, p < 0.01) in favor of the experimental group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - The Effect of Hope Center Parenting Training on Parental Self-Efficacy of Mothers of Preschool Children
Mehdi Mazaheri Tehrani Mohamad Masoud Dayarian fatemeh javadzadeh shahshahaniThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of hope center parenting training on parental self-efficacy of mothers of preschool children. The research method was quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test and follow-up with experimental and control groups. The statist MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of hope center parenting training on parental self-efficacy of mothers of preschool children. The research method was quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test and follow-up with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study was preschool children s mothers in Isfahan in 2020, of which 30 mothers were screened through accessible sampling. Finally, 30 mothers randomly assigned to the experimental group(15 mothers) and the control group(15 mothers). The applied instruments included Instructional Hope Center Parenting Package(researcher-made) and Berkekeys Self-efficacy Questionary(second version, 2005). Participants in both groups completed Berkekeys Qelf-efficacy Questionary in three stages. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance in spss software. The results indicated the effect of the hope center parenting on the score of positive parental self-efficacy in the post-test stage and the stability of this effect was in the follow-up stage. These results suggest evidence that training of the hope center parenting to increase parental self-efficacy in mothers. This research can be useful for psychologists and counselors in the field of parenting and choosing the type of intervention to educate parents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Effectiveness comparison of solution-focused and supportive counselling based on self-compassion effects on control of behavior and emotional, social and educational adjustment for male street children
Mahsa Razmgar seyed Ali kimiaei Imanollah BigdeliThe aim of this study was Effectiveness comparison of solution-focused and supportive counselling based on self-compassion effects on control of behavior and emotional, social and educational adjustment for male street children. This study was a quasi-experimental resea MoreThe aim of this study was Effectiveness comparison of solution-focused and supportive counselling based on self-compassion effects on control of behavior and emotional, social and educational adjustment for male street children. This study was a quasi-experimental research study with experimental and control groups. The population of this study includes all street children of Mashhad street children center (2018). Samples were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (10 people each), a total of 30 people. Sinha & Singh's Adjustment Questionnaire (1993) and Youth Self Report (YSR) (1991) were used to perform pretest and posttest. The experimental groups were trained in groups for 8 sessions, once a week and for 90 minutes in each session. The results of analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the training groups who received solution-focused and supportive counseling based on self-compassion and the control group in the control of behavior (P>0/001). But none of the two educational methods could affect them in relation to the types of adjustment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The Effectiveness of Filial Therapy on Fear of Coronavirus in Children
zahra ahmadian Sara Zadafshar Ahmad AbediThe purpose of current study was to investigate the effectiveness of filial therapy on fear of coronavirus in children. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest, and control group. The statistical population consisted of all mothers of c MoreThe purpose of current study was to investigate the effectiveness of filial therapy on fear of coronavirus in children. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest, and control group. The statistical population consisted of all mothers of children with complain of fear of coronavirus visiting counseling centers in Isfahan, Iran, from among whom 22 people were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of filial therapy sessions, while the control group received no training. Data collection instrument was fear of covid-19 scale (FCV-19S) (Ahorsu et al, 2020) that was standardized and visualized in children society. Date were analyzed by univariate covariance in SPSS version 21. filial therapy was an effective intervention in reducing fear of coronavirus in children (p<0.01). filial therapy, like other psychological and pharmacological interventions, can improve the fear of coronavirus in children. Key words: play therapy, filial therapy, fear of coronavirus, children Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The effect of cognitive behavioral family therapy on general health and marital satisfaction of families with mentally retarded children in Khorramabad city
moslem siahposh Abdullah Motamedi Faramarz SohrabiConsidering the family as the most important social institution and the context for the growth of each individual in society is very important. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral family therapy on general health and mari MoreConsidering the family as the most important social institution and the context for the growth of each individual in society is very important. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral family therapy on general health and marital satisfaction of families with mentally retarded children in Khorramabad city. This research is a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all families with mentally retarded children referred to Khorramabad rehabilitation centers in the summer of 2014. 30 families were selected by sampling in random sampling and were randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 individuals) And witness (15 people). The general health questionnaire and marital satisfaction questionnaire were used as a pretest, then the experimental group received 12 sessions of cognitive-behavioral family therapy and the control group received no intervention. At the end of the post-test, the data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software and covariance analysis. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups of experimental and post-cognitive-behavioral family therapy (P<0.05). Mean score of general health and marital satisfaction in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group Increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The effectiveness of play therapy based on the relationship parent child (Filial Therapy) on addiction to computer games, and aggression in preschoolers
maryam soltani Hadi FarhadiThe aim of this research is Teaching play therapy based on the parent – child relationship (Filial Therapy) to mothers of preschool children and and its effects on computers game addiction and aggression in their children. Statistical population MoreThe aim of this research is Teaching play therapy based on the parent – child relationship (Filial Therapy) to mothers of preschool children and and its effects on computers game addiction and aggression in their children. Statistical population of this research includes all mothers of preschool children with addiction to computer games Were randomly assigned to either experimental or control groups.The instrument used in this research were addiction to commuter games questionnaire (Farhadi (1395), (parents form), and Vahedi et al. (1999), aggression scale of preschool children (parent form). The participants in two stage of pretest and posttest were answered to research instruments.The experimental group subjected to 10 sessions (2 hour), filial therapy education.The results of this research showed that, filial therapy training to mothers were effective to reduce addiction sign to computer games (p<0.01), children aggression (p<0.05), verbal aggression (P <0.01), and impulsive aggression (P <0.05).Accordingly focusing on educations related to parents was recommended as a strategy to reduce children’s extreme tendency to play computer games. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Comparing subscales of emotion understanding and emotion regulation in preschool children with and without sibling
Seyyede Zoha Sakkaki Mohammad ali Mazaheri Tehrani Saeed Ghanbari soudeh AghamohammadiThe purpose of this research was to compare emotion understanding and emotion regulation between children with and without sibling. Research method was casual-comparative and statistic population consisted of 4-6 years old children who were present in kindergartens of T MoreThe purpose of this research was to compare emotion understanding and emotion regulation between children with and without sibling. Research method was casual-comparative and statistic population consisted of 4-6 years old children who were present in kindergartens of Tehran city in 2017. From among them, 60 children were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling and matched based on age and sex. Data collection instruments included “emotion matching task” (Izard, Haskins, Schultz, Trentacosta & King, 2003), “emotion situation production task” (Wang, Hutt, Kulkofsky, McDermott & Wei, 2006) and “emotion regulation checklist” (Shields & Cicchetti, 1997). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The result showed that children with sibling, scored significantly higher than only children on emotion understanding and its subscales (emotion situation knowledge, expressive emotion knowledge and receptive emotion knowledge) (p<0.05). They also scored significantly lower than only children on “lability/negativity” subscale of “emotion regulation checklist” (p<0.05) which indicates more balanced emotional reactions. The result of this study suggested that growing up with sibling during preschool years provides unique opportunity for improving children emotional competencies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Comparing the effect of behavioral parenting training of mothers social skilled training of children on emotional regulation and behavioral symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in fourth grade male students
Farid Saeedeh hasan mirzahoseini Nader MonirpourThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavioral parenting training to mothers with training social skills to children on emotional regulation and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in children. The method of this research was semi-experimenta MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavioral parenting training to mothers with training social skills to children on emotional regulation and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in children. The method of this research was semi-experimental and including pre-test-post-test designs with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of the study included fourth grade male students and their mothers who had referred to psychology clinics in Tehran District 5 between August and September 2020. From the mentioned community, 50 children with oppositional defiant disorder who met the inclusion criteria were selected and 45 of them were assigned to three groups of 15 according to Morgan table by purposive sampling method. The sessions of the experimental group consisted of 12 90-minute sessions in which children were taught social skills in one of the experimental groups. In the other experimental group, mothers of children received behavioral parenting training and the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. In order to assess the participants, DSM 5 criteria were used to diagnose oppositional defiant disorder and the (Shields & Cicchetti, 1997) Emotion Regulation Checklist and (Achenbach's, 1991) Child Behavior Checklist. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance and pairwise comparison were used by Sidak test. The results showed that both methods were effective for emotional regulation and behavioral symptoms (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the two methods for research variables and their dimensions (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - effectiveness of Imago Therapy Training on cognitive flexibility and parenting stress of couples with deaf children
ezzatollah ghaampour Kourosh Amrai Hafez Padervand Fateme BavazinPurpose: Evaluation of the effectiveness of Imago Therapy Training on cognitive flexibility and parenting stress of couples with deaf children aged 7-12 years in Khorramabad. Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test and post-test. The statistic MorePurpose: Evaluation of the effectiveness of Imago Therapy Training on cognitive flexibility and parenting stress of couples with deaf children aged 7-12 years in Khorramabad. Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all couples with deaf children aged 7 to 12 years who had a file in the welfare center of Khorramabad in 2021. From the statistical population, 30 people were randomly selected and then this number of subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Research data were collected using the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire of Dena and Van der Waals (2010) and the Barry and Jones Parent Stress Questionnaire (1995). The experimental group underwent immatotherapy training for 10 sessions of 2 hours. Data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results of the analysis of research data showed that imagotherapy therapy has been effective in increasing cognitive flexibility and reducing the stress of parenting couples (P <0/01). The results of this study indicated the useful application of imagotherapy education approach in improving cognitive flexibility and reducing parenting stress of couples with deaf children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The Effectivness of Paranting Training Based Acceptance and Commitment and Filialtherapy on Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Pre-school Children and Life Satisfaction of Mothers
daruosh jalali Asghar Aghaee Maryam ShamsipoorThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of parenting training based acceptance and commitment (ACT) and filialtherapy on oppositional defiant disorder in pre-school children in Shahrekord and life satisfaction of their mothers. The statistical populat MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of parenting training based acceptance and commitment (ACT) and filialtherapy on oppositional defiant disorder in pre-school children in Shahrekord and life satisfaction of their mothers. The statistical population of the study consisted of all mothers of pre-school children in Shahrekord, of whom 48 were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (each group was 16). The research instrument was Oppositional Defiant Disorder Questionnaire (Swanson et al., 2001) for children and Life Satisfaction (Diner et al., 1985) for mothers which were completed during three pre-test , post-test and 3-month follow-up stages. Data were analyzed using analysis repeated measure ANOVA. The results showed that intervention methods were effective on children and mothers' variables (P< .01). The results also showed that parenting training based ACT and filialtherapy was effective in reducing oppositional defiant disorder (P<0.01). At the same time, it was found, only that parenting training based ACT was effective in improving life satisfacion of the mothers (P <0.01). It was concluded that both interventional methods, especially parenting training based ACT, are effective for children's emotional behavioral problems and improving the life satisfaction of mothers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Design and Development of a serious computerized musical serious game to improve the components of attention in both auditory and visual aspects of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: A case study
reyhaneh panahifar zohreh rafezi Hossein EskandariThe aim of this study was to design and develop a computerized musical serious game to improve the attention components in both auditory and visual aspects of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. First, based on the research background and experts' op MoreThe aim of this study was to design and develop a computerized musical serious game to improve the attention components in both auditory and visual aspects of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. First, based on the research background and experts' opinion, the content of the game was designed, compiled and validated. Then, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the game, a one-case exploratory method was used. For this purpose, a child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder was selected for the intervention and his attention span was assessed in 5 components of attention: selective attention, focused attention, continuous attention, intermittent attention and divided attention into auditory and visual aspects using the computer attention test (IVA-2), before intervention and after intervention (playing a serious game). Designed for 2 weeks (one hour daily). The results of the study of the effectiveness of serious game showed the improvement of the two components of selective attention and focused attention in the auditory and visual aspects of the child with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, but improved other components of attention such as continuous attention, Intermittent and divided attention appeared only in the auditory aspect. In addition, the findings of this study showed that the serious game has a more significant and positive effect on the components of auditory attention than the components of visual attention (P <0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The Effectiveness of Executive Function-based Training on Enhancement of Self-Control Symptoms in 6-8 Year Old Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Single Case Study
farnaz akvan mehrdad kalantariThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of executive function-based training on enhancement of self-control symptoms in 6-8 year old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research method was single case study and A-B design. The sta MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of executive function-based training on enhancement of self-control symptoms in 6-8 year old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research method was single case study and A-B design. The statistical population included all children aged 6-8 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in academic year 2016-2017. Sampling was performed by purposive method and 4 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were selected by psychiatrist using DSM-V and Hyperactivity Disorder Questionnaire (Conners, 1969), and after recording baseline data, they were intervened in 8 sessions of 45 minutes. Finally, one month after the end of the intervention, follow-up data were collected. Assessment tools included Teacher and Parent Questionnaire (Conners, 1990) and Children's Self-Control Questionnaire (Kendall and Wilcox, 1979). Data were analyzed using in intra-situ method. Visual analysis of the findings showed that the intervention was effective on three of the four subjects and executive function training has an effect on self-control symptoms in 6-8 year old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Content Analysis of Primary School Social Studies Curriculum in Terms of Attention to Child Rights Education
Rahman Paryad Ahmad Salahshoori Mohammadreza Yosofzade chosariThis study aimed to investigate the interdisciplinary attention to children's rights education in the curriculum of elementary school social studies have been conducted in Iran. In this study, a qualitative method to identify the components and characteristics of child MoreThis study aimed to investigate the interdisciplinary attention to children's rights education in the curriculum of elementary school social studies have been conducted in Iran. In this study, a qualitative method to identify the components and characteristics of child rights education also content analysis to analyze the elementary school social studies curriculum has been used. The population in the content analysis was the country’s social studies curriculum in primary schools among which the country’s social studies curriculum third, fourth, fifth and sixth in the year of 2015-2016 has been selected intentionally. In order to collect information, check lists was analysis objectives analysis check list, textbook content check list, and teacher's textbooks content check list. For the analysis of the data, Shannon’s entropy method was used to obtain the credibility ratings of each component and to compare their coefficients. After the study of literature and legal framework, the proposal was developed and its validity was confirmed by a number of experts in education, law and other relevant experts. The findings showed that in the social studies curriculum of primary education in the objectives most credibility rating is related to educational rights (0.274) and less to health rights (0) and justice component (0), among The textbooks most credibility rating was related to health rights (0.205), and less to procedural law component (0.15), and amongThe teacher's textbooks most credibility rating was related to specific support (0.243) and less to procedural law component (0). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The investigation of the reliability level of educational program of philosophy for children (p4c) in Education activities on controlling internalized and externalized anger in male high schools students in Tehran
عزت اله نادریTheThe aim of the recent study was to investigate the the reliability level of educational program of philosophy for children (p4c) in education activities in order to control internalized and externalized anger in male high schools students in Tehran. The t MoreTheThe aim of the recent study was to investigate the the reliability level of educational program of philosophy for children (p4c) in education activities in order to control internalized and externalized anger in male high schools students in Tehran. The type of the research was applied and by using quasi- experimental method. It was done by the research design of preliminary and final tests with a control group without random selection. The statistical population of the research was all highschool male students of the 1st grade of high school in 14th district enrolled in 2014-2015. There were 2994. The sample size of the study was 60students that were non-randomly placed in two groups of 30experimental and 30control groups. After the course of (p4c), a questionnaire of the State-Trait Anger Expression and Inventory- 2 Spielberger (STAXI-2) was used in order to collect data and in order to analyze data the Covariance analysis test was used by using SPSS in addition to the descriptive statistics. The findings of this research answered this general question: Does the performance of educational program of philosophy for children (p4c) in education activities have an effect on controlling internalized and externalized anger in male highschool students or not? These resuls confirmed the reliability of educational program of philosophy for children (p4c) to control the teenagers’ anger and place it in education activities, on one of its component, the externalized management of teenagers’ anger and it did not confirm on other components, decreasing internalized anger. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - The study of the impact of teaching philosophy to children on nurturing their research spirit among the preschool students
زهره جعفری پروین صمدی یحیی قائدیthe present communities, likewise in Iran, the present study was carried out with the aim of studying the impact of teaching philosophy to the children on nurturing the research spirit among the preschool students. The semi-experimental method of the immediate post-test Morethe present communities, likewise in Iran, the present study was carried out with the aim of studying the impact of teaching philosophy to the children on nurturing the research spirit among the preschool students. The semi-experimental method of the immediate post-test type along with a control group was applied in this research. The statistical population of this research consisted of 12 preschool students in a kindergarten in Tehran and the statistical sample (6 people) were selected purposefully as the experimental group. The experimental group received 15 sessions of philosophy teaching and in the last session, both the experimental group and the control group were filmed. The video, then, was given to 5 experts in order to reply to the respective questionnaires (Ranking students based on their research sprit). The Collected data, using descriptive statistical methods (Frequency Distribution Table, Graph of a frequency distribution, Dispersion and central indices) were analyzed. The parametric t-test for two independent groups (Due to distanced scale measurement, normality of the distribution, and existence of two independent groups) and non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test were, also, used for testing the research hypotheses. What being indicated from the findings was that that teaching philosophy to children not only has a great impact on the students' cognition (curiosity, question making, reasoning, critical thinking, creativity, interest in experimenting and experiencing) but also has a high effect on their emotion (interest in clarity, enthusiasm, partnership, independence, self-assurance, self- assertion). In general, implementation of this program has had a great impact on the research spirit of these children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Stories for âphilosophy for kidsâ program based on critical thinking
javad farzanfar a.akbar ajamPresent research has done by using content analysis in intellectual type of stories to show how philosophy for kids can achive its main goals, fostering critical thinking, in the stories which are in children's literature. As much as possible, the researcher tried t MorePresent research has done by using content analysis in intellectual type of stories to show how philosophy for kids can achive its main goals, fostering critical thinking, in the stories which are in children's literature. As much as possible, the researcher tried to choose well-known stories for audiences and acceptable for critics, experts and writers of kids and teenagers literature and the movement of teaching philosophy for Children. For example Morteza Khosro nejad, Yahya Ghaedi’s ideas have been used and to improve the philosophic level of stories, Mir Abdelhosien Naghib zadeh’s idea has been used too. Purposive sampling is used for sample size. Studing stories stopped when researcher found out the repetitive points. The texts of stories were the analysis unit. The findings showed that the stories have the potential of developing critical thinking in their readers adequately and beautifully. Therefore, studying and discussing these stories by kids and teenagers can help the program of “philosophy for kids” and reaching better results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The Effect of Motivational-Social Factors of Reading at Home and School on Reading Attitude of Fourth and Fifth Grades of Elementary Schoolâs Students
mohammad ahmadi dehghotbaddini hassan ahhadiThis research has been done with the purpose of studying the effect of home literacy environment, parents positive reading attitude and children’s reading interactions at home and school environment on children’s positive reading attitude of fourth and fifth MoreThis research has been done with the purpose of studying the effect of home literacy environment, parents positive reading attitude and children’s reading interactions at home and school environment on children’s positive reading attitude of fourth and fifth grades of elementary school’s students. To perform this correlational research, the methods and the required data by using the Chiu and Ko reading dimension questionnaire (2005) were applied from a sample of n=352 students in the fourth and fifth grades of Rafsanjan township through random clustered sampling. The data were analyzed using path analysis method. Results revealed that the direct effect of purposeful reading behavior of parents and family socioeconomic status on parents positive reading attitude was positive and significant. The effect of parent positive reading attitude on children’s positive reading attitude and children’s reading interactions at home environment was positive and significant but on reading interactions in school was not significant. Results also revealed that the reading interactions at home and school environment had a significant effect on creation of children’s positive reading attitude, and the effect of reading interactions at home environment was stronger too. Other results revealed that mother’s positive reading attitude played a more important role in increasing of reading interactions and creation of children’s positive reading attitude at home environment with regard to the father’s attitude Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - The explanation of the philosophical fundamentals (epistemology) of teaching philosophy to children in Iran
Zahra Jabal-ameli Foroushani Alireza Yousefy yahya Ghaedi Narges KeshtiarayPhilosophy is known as one of the effective programs in training thinking in childeran.In order to produce the intended results this program should firstly be adjusted with the national curriculum. Once being localized, the contents are to be designed. The aim of the pr MorePhilosophy is known as one of the effective programs in training thinking in childeran.In order to produce the intended results this program should firstly be adjusted with the national curriculum. Once being localized, the contents are to be designed. The aim of the present research was presenting the philosophical fundamentals (epistemology) of philosophy for children in Iran. The method being used was of qualitative content analysis, while applying deductive category application and adaptive combination method. The data were collected through utilizing library research and then were analyzed using the comparative analysis of categorization system. The results obtained indicated that there were some similarities and differences between epistemology fundamentals of philosophy for children in the West and the national curriculum in Iran. The fundamentals of epistemology of philosophy in Iran which were extracted using the adaptive combination indicated the two states of epistemology namely as “real” and “presumed” human’s capability to discover and create awareness. While being dynamic, awareness is stable, too. Different means for reaching to awareness are as: senses, imagination, contemplation, intellect, intuition, and discovery the limits on understanding the human being and attending to minimal realism. Awareness is a comprehensive outlook to the human’s essentials in order to improve his material and spiritual conditions. It is also a research method used for examining philosophical issues. Inspiration, nature, and intellect are the different resources of awareness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Content Analysis of Sixth Grade Social Studies Text Book Based on the Elements of the Fundamental Reform Document of Education
alireza ghasemizad fatemeh asadollahiPresent research has done by using content analysis in intellectual type of stories to show how philosophy for kids can achive its main goals, fostering critical thinking, in the stories which are in children's literature. As much as possible, the researcher tried t MorePresent research has done by using content analysis in intellectual type of stories to show how philosophy for kids can achive its main goals, fostering critical thinking, in the stories which are in children's literature. As much as possible, the researcher tried to choose well-known stories for audiences and acceptable for critics, experts and writers of kids and teenagers literature and the movement of teaching philosophy for Children. For example Morteza Khosro nejad, Yahya Ghaedi’s ideas have been used and to improve the philosophic level of stories, Mir Abdelhosien Naghib zadeh’s idea has been used too. Purposive sampling is used for sample size. Studing stories stopped when researcher found out the repetitive points. The texts of stories were the analysis unit. The findings showed that the stories have the potential of developing critical thinking in their readers adequately and beautifully. Therefore, studying and discussing these stories by kids and teenagers can help the program of “philosophy for kids” and reaching better results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Content Analysis of Farsi Elementary School Reading Textbooks Based on Philosophical Thought Criterions on Lippman's theory
Marziyeh Motamedi Mohammadabadi Elham Azimi Reza Ali NowroziTeaching philosophy has been proposed as an important program to train of thought in most countries in the world. The main objective of this study was to analyze the content of Persian elementary school reading books (with an emphasis on the stories) based on components MoreTeaching philosophy has been proposed as an important program to train of thought in most countries in the world. The main objective of this study was to analyze the content of Persian elementary school reading books (with an emphasis on the stories) based on components of philosophical thought in the philosophy for children program. The data collection was performed by content analysis method based on a list of philosophical thinking measures including three concepts (reasoning, conceptualization and judgment) and twelve sub-components. The population consisted of reading books of first to sixth grade of Iran in 2016. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used. In analyzed books, a total of 578 components related to the concepts of philosophical thinking were identified. The results suggested that in the textbook under study the highest frequencies were allocated to the category of reasoning and judgment has obtained the lowest attention. Also among the textbooks under study the reading textbooks of fifth and sixth grade were more focused on the components of philosophical thinking and the lowest level was associated with the reading textbook of the first grade. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - A Comparative Study of Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi’s View on Early Childhood Education
Shahla Hosseini mohamad hossin heidari zohreh saadatmandThe purpose of this study is to compare the Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi’s View in the field of early childhood education. This qualitative research utilized a transcendental analytic method. The study field, all the national and international written and non-wr MoreThe purpose of this study is to compare the Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi’s View in the field of early childhood education. This qualitative research utilized a transcendental analytic method. The study field, all the national and international written and non-written references in the field of the research’s subject. For selecting the sample among the existing references and documents, theoretical sampling method was used. Also, electronic note taking was used for gathering the data. Data analysis was conducted by qualitative content analysis with deductive categorical system type and in three stages of open, central and selective coding. Results of the research suggested the presence of high similarities between the views of Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi. Emphasis on comprehensive growth of children, integrative organization of curriculum, utilizing various learning activities, considering individual differences between children, using active teaching methods, and employing alternative or original assessment methods are among the most important similarities between these two views. However, there are some differences between the views of Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi on curriculum, including goal, teaching methods, teacher’s role and assessment methods. Finally, the most important implications of Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi’s views on pre-school education were discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Analyzing teachers' knowledge of developmental-educational characteristics of preschool children in Iran
saidkarm nourinfar Mohamad Reza Emam Jomea fharedh himidy alireza assarehThe purpose of this research is to "examine the knowledge of educators about the developmental-educational characteristics of preschool children in Iran". The approach of this research is qualitative and phenomenological. , Ilam and Kermanshah were selected purposefully MoreThe purpose of this research is to "examine the knowledge of educators about the developmental-educational characteristics of preschool children in Iran". The approach of this research is qualitative and phenomenological. , Ilam and Kermanshah were selected purposefully. The data collection tool included a semi-structured interview, which the researcher used to measure the knowledge of preschool teachers about children's developmental-educational characteristics. The validity of the intended tool was determined in two ways, "form and content" using the opinion of educational experts in the field of preschool children's education and psychology experts. In this section, the reliability method of agreement between two coders was used to check the reliability of the interviews. The findings of the research showed that the teachers' knowledge of the ratio of educational-developmental characteristics in the components of emotional-social, mental-cognitive, language-speech, creativity and innovation is weak and the level of knowledge of the teachers with the educational needs and characteristics of children's religious-moral development is within It was desirable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Designing a model for empowering preschool teachers with SCOPE approaches in Iran.
saidkarm nourinfar Mohamad Reza Emam Jomea alireza assareh fharedh himidyThe purpose of the research is to design a model of empowering pre-primary school teachers with the "scope" approach in Iran, the research was conducted qualitatively and using the basic data method to analyze and analyze the data using the Corbin and Strauss model, as MoreThe purpose of the research is to design a model of empowering pre-primary school teachers with the "scope" approach in Iran, the research was conducted qualitatively and using the basic data method to analyze and analyze the data using the Corbin and Strauss model, as well as open, axial and selective coding. The sampling method was purposeful and in the form of snowball, the sample size was 20 experts and experts in the field of curriculum planning, three-tiered methods were used for validity and reliability. The findings showed that the components (organizational atmosphere, principles and necessity of support) From the conditions of management strategies, the components (value-oriented, encouragement, unit and organization) of the consequent factors were identified in the design of the preschool teachers' empowerment model with the "Scope" approach. According to the findings of the research, it is suggested to the planners in Iran by adopting a combined approach focused on orientation aspects, rule orientation, justice orientation, teaching key experiences of teaching active approach, teaching creative and critical thinking, professional competence and human relationship). From the conditions of competence principles, components (process, growth-oriented and integrated method) from educational strategies, phenomena (lack of motivation, inefficient support centers and faulty evaluation) from intervening conditions, phenomena (scientific management concepts, creating a competitive-friendly environment and Work policy-strategy (from background conditions and quality education of people at distinct and prominent individual levels of each component, provide the right background for designing programs for empowering preschool teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Investigating and Analyzing the Effect of Router Components on Network Performance on the Chip with Regard to Power Consumption
Farnaz Zogh Azadeh Alsadat Emrani Zarandi Vahid Sattari Naeini -
Open Access Article
115 - The Role of CB1 Receptors on Central Food Intake Regulation in ad libitumfedLayer-type Chicken
Abbas Alizadeh Morteza Zendehdel Vahab Babapour Saeid Charkhkar Shahin HassanpourInroduction & Objective: Mechanisms that regulate appetite are different among animals. Also, nutritional status (food deprived or satisfied) has key role on appetite regulation. Endocannabinoids have crucial role on central food intake regulation in birds but its role MoreInroduction & Objective: Mechanisms that regulate appetite are different among animals. Also, nutritional status (food deprived or satisfied) has key role on appetite regulation. Endocannabinoids have crucial role on central food intake regulation in birds but its role has not been studied in layer-type chicken fed ad libitumThus, in this study 3 experiments designed to evaluate effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of 2-AG (2- Arachidonoylglycerol, selective CB1 receptors agonist), SR141716A (selective CB1 receptors antagonist), on feeding behavior in neonatal layer-type chickens fedad libitumMaterial and Methods:In experiment 1, birds ICV injected with control solution and 2-AG (0.25, 0.5 and 1 μg). In experiment 2: control solution, SR141716A (6.25, 12.5 and 25 μg) were ICV injected to birds. In experiment 3 animals received: control solution, SR141716A (6.25 μg), 2- AG (1 μg) and co-injection of SR141716A+2-AG. Then, cumulative food intake was recorded until 120 min after injection.Results: According to the results, 2-AG dose dependently increased cumulative food intake while SR141716A reduced appetite compared to control group (PConclusion:These results suggest CB1 receptors have an important role on ingestive behavior in neonatal layer-type chicken fedad libitum and nutritional status (food deprived or satisfied) had no effect on food intake induced by CB1 receptors in chicken. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Mechanism of Effect Opioid Central Food Intake Regulation in Ad LibitumFedNeonatalLayer-Type Chicken
Mohammad Shojaei Morteza Zendehdel Vahhab Babapour Saeed Charkhkar Saeed RasoulinejadInroduction & Objective:Opioidergic system has crucial role on central regulation of food intake in mammals and birds. This study was designed to investigate role of opioidergic system on opioid-induced feeding behavior in 3-h food-deprived (FD3) neonatal layer-type chi MoreInroduction & Objective:Opioidergic system has crucial role on central regulation of food intake in mammals and birds. This study was designed to investigate role of opioidergic system on opioid-induced feeding behavior in 3-h food-deprived (FD3) neonatal layer-type chicks.Material and Methods:144 chickens allocated into3 experiments, each with four treatment groups. In Experiment 1, birds were ICV injected with D-Ala2–NMe-Phe4-Glyol5-enkephalin (DAMGO, µ-opioid receptor agonist) (125, 250 and 500pmol). In Experiment 2, chickens were ICV treated with D-Pen2,5Enkephalin,D-Pen2,D-Pen5Enkephalin (DPDPE, δ-opioid receptor agonist) (20, 40 and 80pmol). In Experiment 3, the effect of ICV injection of U-50488H -, κ opioid receptor agonist (10, 20 and 30nmol) was investigated in chicks.Cumulative food intake recorded until 3-h post injection.Results: According to the results, ICV injection of µ-opioid receptor agonist significantly diminished food intake (P≤0.05). Also, injection of δ and κ-opioid receptors agonist significantly increased food intake (P≤0.05). ICV injection of DAMGO significantly decreased food intake whereas DPDPE and U-50488H increased food intake (P≤0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that central opioidergic system has important role on feeding behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Synergistic Effect of Oxytocin with mu Opioid Receptor Agonist on Central Control of Food Intake in neonatal Chickens
Faramarz Raji-Dahmardeh morteza zendehdel bita vazir Ahmad Asghari Negar PanahiIntroduction & Objective: The opioidergic system and its different receptors play an important role in the central control of food intake in birds. On the other hand, the decreasing effect of oxytocin on food intake of birds has been observed. The present study was MoreIntroduction & Objective: The opioidergic system and its different receptors play an important role in the central control of food intake in birds. On the other hand, the decreasing effect of oxytocin on food intake of birds has been observed. The present study was conducted to investigate the synergistic effects of oxytocin with opioid receptors on food intake in neonatal layer chickens.Materials and Methods: In this study, three experiments were designed, so that each experiment included one control group and three treatment groups. In all groups, birds received intracerebroventricular injection of diluent solution or drug solution after 3 hours of food deprivation. In the first experiment, normal saline, oxytocin(0.16 nmol), DAMGO(62.5 picomol) (agonist of mu-opioid receptors) and oxytocin plus DAMGO were injected. The other experiments were conducted as experiment 1, but instead of DAMGO, DPDPE (20 nmol)(agonist of delta opioid receptors) in the experiment 2 and U-50488H (10 nmol)(agonist of kappa opioid receptors) in experiment 3 were injected either alone or in combination with oxytocin. After the injection, water and food were freely available to the birds and then cumulative food intake (gr) was measured based on the ‎percentage of the body weight.Results: The results of the present study showed that sub effective dose injection of oxytocin plus DAMGO significantly reduced food intake in layer chickens (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, there is probably a synergistic effect between oxytocin with mu-opioid receptors agonist on food intake control of neonatal layer chicks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Exploring the Components of Aesthetics in Collaborative Architecture Education Spaces from the Perspective of Preschool Children
Anahita Eskandari Fahimeh Motazedian Ahmad Mirza Kouchak KhoshnevisCreating effective educational environments for children necessitates the utilization of innovative and dynamic spaces that foster their talents and creativity. The design of such spaces is a paramount concern in children's education. Empowering children to articulate t MoreCreating effective educational environments for children necessitates the utilization of innovative and dynamic spaces that foster their talents and creativity. The design of such spaces is a paramount concern in children's education. Empowering children to articulate their preferences in educational settings can significantly contribute to the architectural design process, resulting in more suitable learning environments. This study explores the architectural elements of collaborative educational spaces from the perspective of preschool children. A total of 212 randomly selected children from across the country participated in the "Anna P. Taylor" educational program, emphasizing a cooperative approach. The study identifies and analyzes essential architectural components required for the development of collaborative educational environments tailored for preschool children, including considerations related to space quality, style, lighting, colors, sounds, and materials. The research employs content analysis, questionnaires, student interviews, crafts, and paintings to scrutinize these components. The findings underscore the significance of color, texture, materials, geometric shapes, volumes, and design approaches in the eyes of children. These factors are categorized as internal and external architectural elements within educational spaces, and the insights gained from this research can guide educational space designers in catering to children's needs. This, in turn, facilitates enhanced learning experiences and the creation of more engaging and efficient spaces for young learners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Combining effect of Enthomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, and insecticides against Chilo suppressalis in field conditions
F. Majidi-ShilsarOne of the most devastating pests of rice is the lepidopteran insect striped stem borer (SSB) (Chilo suppressalis) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Present investigation was carried out to evaluate the relative efficacy of ecofriendly formulation of Beauveria bassiana ( 1&time MoreOne of the most devastating pests of rice is the lepidopteran insect striped stem borer (SSB) (Chilo suppressalis) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Present investigation was carried out to evaluate the relative efficacy of ecofriendly formulation of Beauveria bassiana ( 1×108 conidia/ml, Diazinon granule 15 kg/ha. and Fipronil granule 20 kg/ha.) for sustainable management of Chilo suppressalis. The fungus Beauveria bassiana is one of natural enemies of the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis in the rice fields. During the treatments, precent mortality, infestation of Dead heart and White heads both in vegetative and reproductive stages was observed after spray application at different times intervals i.e., 2 DAT, 7 DAT, 14 DAT and 21 DAT. All the treatments significantly reduced population of Chilo suppressalis larvae compared to control due to their mode of action. It was concluded that maximum mortality (59.29%) and (74.56%) of Chilo suppressalis were achieved with combined application fo B. bassiana both Diazinon insecticide after 21th day of application both fisrt and second generation of insect pest, respectively. In this study, The lowest infestation Dead heart and White heads 0.57 and 1% observed in treatments Beauveria bassian and Diazinon granular after 21th day, respectively. In this research, the highest infection is created dead hearts and white heads rice was observed in the control treatment 10 and 11.67%. Therfore, the above findings showed the these combinations can be successfully can be used in rice IPM programs for Chilo suppressalis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Investigation on the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var., Carbaryl and Diflubenzeron against the chickpea pod borer Heliothis viriplaca Hufn. (Lep., Noctuidae) in the field
M. kahrarianThe pod borer Heliothis viriplaca Hufn is one of the most serious pest of chickpea in the west of Iran. In this research the effect of Carbaryl, Diflubenzuron and Bacillus thuringiensis var. independently and in different combinations were tested against Helicoverpa vir MoreThe pod borer Heliothis viriplaca Hufn is one of the most serious pest of chickpea in the west of Iran. In this research the effect of Carbaryl, Diflubenzuron and Bacillus thuringiensis var. independently and in different combinations were tested against Helicoverpa viriplaca Hufn. in the field. Experiments were conducted at randomized block design. No significant different was observad between Bt, mixture of Carbaryl and Diflubenzuron, mixture of Carbaryl and Bt, mixture of Carbaryl, Diflubenzuron,Bt and Carbaryl treatments (p≤ 0.01). All 7 treatments were effective on the number of damaged pods, yield and 1000 seed weight. The non sprayed blocks had the highest percentage of damage (30%). The minimum amount of yield was obtained in treatment of Diflubenzuron (922 kg/ha) and checks (with mean 911.42 kg/h), the highest weight of 1000 seeds with 361.07 and 364.6 g from other treatments, respectively. These results showed that treatments had significant effect in the first 24 hours after spraying to control the pest and increase the yield. Although Carbaryl and mixture of Carbaryl and Diflubenzuron, had high mortality on the pest after 24 hours, no significant effect on the yield increase was observad. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Comparing the Rate of Marital Satisfaction and Perceived Social Support in Consanguine and Non- Consanguine Marriage Mothers of Exceptional and Normal Children
Mohammad Mohajerani Gholamali Afrooz Ali Akbar Arjmandnia Sogand GhasemzadehThe aim of this study was comparing the rate of marital satisfaction and perceived social support in consanguine and non- consanguine marriage mothers of exceptional and normal children. The present study was an ex-post facto type. The study population consisted of all MoreThe aim of this study was comparing the rate of marital satisfaction and perceived social support in consanguine and non- consanguine marriage mothers of exceptional and normal children. The present study was an ex-post facto type. The study population consisted of all the boys between 6 and 16 years of exceptional and ordinary children mothers in Tehran. The study participants were 251 couples (126 with consanguine and 125 with non- consanguine marriage women) that were selected through purposive sampling method. The study instruments included: Afrooz (2010) Marital Satisfaction Scale (short form), Zimet (1998) Perceived Social Support Scale. Results showed that there was a significant difference between women with and women without consanguineous marriage with respect to place of birth, age of marriage, spouse selection styles, marital satisfaction and perceived social support (p≤0.05). According to the results of this study, it seemed that women with consanguine marriages had a higher individual and social similarities than non- consanguine marriage women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy on The Experiential Avoidance of Mothers with Autistic Children
Leila Gholamipour Naser Amini Abdollah Shafiabady Moloud KeykhosrovaniThe aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on the avoidance of post-anxiety experience in mothers with autistic children in Ahvaz. The statistical population of this study was all mothers with autistic children in A MoreThe aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on the avoidance of post-anxiety experience in mothers with autistic children in Ahvaz. The statistical population of this study was all mothers with autistic children in Ahvaz. 30 mothers with autistic children were selected by purposive sampling method. After selecting the sample, individuals were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control, 15 mothers in each group. The method of the research was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with control group. The experimental group was exposed to acceptance and commitment based therapy for 8 sessions, 90 minutes each and one session per week. the control group received none. The follow up was conducted two months later. To measure the research variables, the Acceptance and Practice – Questionnaire, Bund et al second version (2011) was implemented. The data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance. The results indicated that there were significant differences in experiential avoidance scores of the experimental and the control groups that means the acceptance and commitment based therapy was effective in reducing experiential avoidance of mothers with autistic children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Armed Hostilities and Violence against Women and Children from International Regulations Point of View
H. A. Moazanzadegun M. A. Heidari امین NikomanzariThe armed hostility in the present age is one of the most important issues in international and domestic affairs. The world is almost facing civil and international war every day. Preventing such conflicts depends on the development of democracy and respect for human ri MoreThe armed hostility in the present age is one of the most important issues in international and domestic affairs. The world is almost facing civil and international war every day. Preventing such conflicts depends on the development of democracy and respect for human rights and the rule of law in various dimensions. Despite the wars stimulating factors, women and children have always been suffered the most injuries of the wars in different forms based on historical documents. One of the women urgent international problems is the systematic rape against women and children in armed disputes that aimed ethnic cleansing and carried on by brutality. Certainly decisive and serious confronting by the international community could have prevented such inhumane actions .The most important crimes were mentioned in this article referring the international documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - A comparison of the effectiveness of group counseling through acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on self-compassion and family resilience of mothers of educable children
mahmod fatahi Asadollah Veisi omid moradiAims: The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of group counseling with acceptance based on commitment and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, self-compassion, and family resilience of mothers of children in education. Method:This research was se MoreAims: The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of group counseling with acceptance based on commitment and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, self-compassion, and family resilience of mothers of children in education. Method:This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test with a control group and a follow-up period of 5 months. Sampling was done by simple random sampling. From the list of the statistical population of mothers of exceptionally educated students in the two cities of Mallard and Shahryar in the year (1401-1400), (36) people were selected using random numbers and in two experimental groups of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and therapy based on Acceptance and commitment and a control group were included. Self-compassion(Neff, 2003) and family resilience (Sixbey, 2005) questionnaires were used as research tools. The method of data analysis was covariance analysis to compare means. The software (SPSS 22) was used for data analysis. Findings:The results showed that both methods, therapy based on acceptance and commitment and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in the way of group counseling, have an effect on increasing self-compassion and family resilience of mothers of educated children.The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on increasing self-compassion (59.6%) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (27.9%) was compared to the control group. (P<0.001 and F=106.891) and the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on increasing resilience (81.5%) and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness (45.9%) compared to the control group. (P<0.001 and F=106.891. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, it is possible to use the method of group counseling, therapy based on acceptance and commitment, and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness to increase self-compassion and family resilience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The effectiveness of Islamic resilience skills training on Parental attitude and Guilt of mothers of blind children
samaneh SARFARAZI ELAHE SARFARAZIAim:The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Islamic resilience skills training on parental attitudes and guilt of mothers with blind children. Method: The research method is clinical trial by pretest-posttest method with a control group and the stati MoreAim:The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Islamic resilience skills training on parental attitudes and guilt of mothers with blind children. Method: The research method is clinical trial by pretest-posttest method with a control group and the statistical population includes mothers of blind children in 2021. Using purposive sampling method, 32 mothers were selected in cyberspace and randomly selected in two groups of control and Experiments were performed. Attitudes of Parents with Special Needs Child towards Their Children Scale’s Govender (2002) and Guilt Questionnaire’s Eisenhower (2007) were used to collect information. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS software version 24. Results: Findings showed that there was a significant difference between the performance of control and experimental groups in improving parental attitude and reducing guilt in the post-test stage (p <0.05). Also, the results of covariance analysis showed that Islamic resilience training has improved the subscales of parental attitudes (acceptance and affection, shame, failure, despair and extreme support) in mothers with blind children.Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that educating mothers based on Islamic resilience has had an effect on improving their attitude towards their children and reducing their guilt; Therefore, it can be used as an effective intervention method based on the culture and religion of the community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Investigating the Role of Humor of Manager in Organizational Evolution with the Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Happy Child Ego State of Employees (Case Study: Education Department of West Azerbaijan Province)
احمد اسدزاده مسلم یوسفی عبداله دهقانی سهراب احمدزادهIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between humor of manager and organizational evolution with respect to the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation and the happy child ego state of employees. Research Methodology: The statist MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between humor of manager and organizational evolution with respect to the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation and the happy child ego state of employees. Research Methodology: The statistical population in this study is 197 employees of Education department of West Azerbaijan Province who were selected by available sampling method. This descriptive study was applied in terms of purpose and was done with a survey method. In order to analyze the data, the partial least squares method and Smart PLS 2 software were used. A standard 36-question questionnaire based on an ordinal scale and a five-point Likert scale was used to collect data. The findings indicate that measurement tools have good validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient is more than 0.7 for all research structures. Findings: The results indicate that humor of manager has a positive and significant effect on the evolution of the organization. There is also a positive and significant effect between the variables of humor of manager and entrepreneurial orientation and happy child ego state. Also, the entrepreneurial orientation and happy child ego state of the employees have a positive and significant effect on the evolution of the organization. Finally, it can be said that happy child ego state plays a mediating role between humor of manager and organizational evolution, but the entrepreneurial orientation does not play a mediating role between these two variables. Conclusion: Nowadays, different styles of humor are used in different organizations, and since hierarchical models are used with high formality in the education system, it seems that the models of humor can be effective in achieving desirable mental states, entrepreneurship and organizational evolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - The relationship between parent - child conflict and family emotional conditions with academic performance in the first period high school students Karun City
Saeed BakhtiarporrThe aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between parent - child conflict and family emotional conditions with academic performance. The statistical community was all the first period high school students Karun City which 170 of them were selected thr MoreThe aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between parent - child conflict and family emotional conditions with academic performance. The statistical community was all the first period high school students Karun City which 170 of them were selected through multistage random sampling method. All participants were to complete parent - child conflict questionnaire and family emotional conditions questionnaire and data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression. The Results showed that there are a significant negative correlation between parent - child conflict with academic performance (r=-0/14, p<0/05), but there is no significant relationship between family emotional conditions and academic performance (r=0/09, p>0/05). Also the results of the simultaneous enter regression analysis showed that there are no significant multiple relationship between independent variables and academic performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Effectiveness of Mothers' parenting training on reduction of affective - behavioral problems in preschool children 8 to 12 years old
mohammad ahangarcani maryam hashemi fatemeh keshtlar Azam HabibollahiThe Aim of the present study was to investigate the Effectiveness of Mothers' parenting training on reduction of affective - behavioral problems in preschool children 4 to 6 years old. The Methods of present study was a quasi-experimental research and a pretest- posttes MoreThe Aim of the present study was to investigate the Effectiveness of Mothers' parenting training on reduction of affective - behavioral problems in preschool children 4 to 6 years old. The Methods of present study was a quasi-experimental research and a pretest- posttest design with control group and follow up. The statistical population were included all mothers preschool children with affective – behavioral problems in the Babol city. Research sample consisted of parents of 22 children with affective- behavioral problem who volunteered to take part in the study and who were chosen by available sampling. They were divided randomly into an experimental and control group. The experimental group received parental training which was comprised of eight sessions during a two month period. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). research finding indicate that affective-behavioral problems of the experimental group was reduced significantly )P<0/034( more than the control group .follow up tests indicated the relative stability of the effects of parenting training program after three months (P<0/001). parenting training program is an effective method for reducing affective-behavioral problems in children. It is recommended that did counselors and psychologists administer parenting training program as part of treatment for reducing affective – behavioral problems of children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Effectiveness of Mindful Self-compassion Training with Focus on Islamic-Iranian Life Style on Family Function Mothers of Children with Autism
Ghasem Abdollahi parviz sharifidaramadi Mahdi Ghodrati Mirkohi samira vakiliAbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the Effectiveness of Mindful Self-compassion Training with Focus on Islamic-Iranian Life Style on the Modification of early maladaptive schema of Mothers of Children with Autism.This was a quasi-experimental study. T MoreAbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the Effectiveness of Mindful Self-compassion Training with Focus on Islamic-Iranian Life Style on the Modification of early maladaptive schema of Mothers of Children with Autism.This was a quasi-experimental study. The statistical population of the study was all mothers of children with autism who were registered in the Autism Association of Kashan in 2019. The statistical sample included 24 mothers who that purposeful sampling method to participate in the study. They were randomly assigned into two groups (12 mothers in the experimental group and 12 mothers in the control group). The experimental group participated in the training for 8 sessions and the control group was placed on a waiting list for training. To assess the early maladaptive schema, the Young questionnaire was used. To analysis the data Analysis of the variance with repeated measures was used. The results showed that Mindful Self-compassion with focus on Islamic-Iranian life style training had a significant impact in modulating the early maladaptive schema in mothers of children with Autism (p≤ 0/001). Therefore, it is concluded that the program training was effective in Modification of early maladaptive schema of mothers with autistic children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Comparison of the Effectiveness of Social skills training and self- management on Teachers and Parents of Preschool Children on Their Theory of Mind
Maryam Soleimani Hamidinejad Zohreh Musazadeh Khadijeh Abolmaali Al-Husseini Abdul Hassan FarhangiThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of social skills training and self-management to educators and parents of preschool children on their theory of mind in Tehran in 1398. The present study was a randomized controlled application with two experimental MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of social skills training and self-management to educators and parents of preschool children on their theory of mind in Tehran in 1398. The present study was a randomized controlled application with two experimental and follow-up groups and using random assignment of subjects in experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all educators and parents of preschool children in Tehran, from which 60 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (20 people in each group) and one control group (20 people). N) were assigned. The first experimental group was trained in social skills training for 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the second experimental group was trained in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group remained on the waiting list. The tools used in the present study included theory of mind (Stirmann, 1994), which were used in two stages: pre-test and post-test. Analysis of information obtained from the questionnaire through spss-v19 software in two parts: descriptive and inferential (univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance, repeated measures analysis of variance) Took. Findings showed that both interventions used in this study can significantly mind theory in preschool children. Also, the effect of training social skills and self-management on reducing emotional and behavioral disorders and increasing mind theory over time has been significant. Therefore, these educational services can be used in preschool centers to improve theory of mind in preschool children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - The effectiveness of educational games based on social-emotional learning on empathy and social competence in preschool children
Mahmoud Hakimi Farimani Farideh Hamidi Hossein Akbari AmarghanThe aim of this research was determine the effectiveness of educational games based on social-emotional learning on empathy and social competence in preschool children. This research was a semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and two-month follow-up design with cont MoreThe aim of this research was determine the effectiveness of educational games based on social-emotional learning on empathy and social competence in preschool children. This research was a semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and two-month follow-up design with control group. The research population was a preschool children of 4th district of Mashhad city in the 2020-2021 academic years. The research sample was 48 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly by lottery replaced in two equal groups and the experimental group was trained for 20 sessions of 45 minutes with the method of educational games based on social-emotional learning and the control group did not receive training during this period. Data were collected with using two subscales of empathy and social competence in the social-emotional assets and resiliency scale for preschool (Ravitch, 2013) and analyzed by tests of chi-square, independent t and analysis of variance with repeated measures. The findings showed that in the pretest stage the experimental and control groups there was no significant difference in any variables of empathy and social competence (P>0.05), but in the posttest and follow-up stages there was a significant difference in both variables (P<0.05). Other findings showed that the intervention by method of educational games based on social-emotional learning significantly increased the empathy and social competence in preschool children and the results of the intervention were maintained in the follow-up stage (P<0.05). The results indicated the effectiveness of educational games method based on social-emotional learning on increasing empathy and social competence in preschool children. Therefore, to improve the social-emotional assets of preschool children can be used the method of educational games based on social-emotional learning along with other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Causal explanation of children's social skills based on economic capital with regard to the mediating role of family social capital among parents of primary school students in Yazd
alireza sharifi ardani Marzieh Asnanasharieh Elham sharifi ardani Masoumeh Dashtabadi Fatemeh Abdari TaftiPeople who experience less opportunities to socialize with others have less social skills and avoid social interactions by failing to socialize. The family has a very important role in providing opportunities for socialization and the formation of social skills in child MorePeople who experience less opportunities to socialize with others have less social skills and avoid social interactions by failing to socialize. The family has a very important role in providing opportunities for socialization and the formation of social skills in children, therefore, the purpose of this study was to explain the causal social skills of children based on economic capital with respect to the mediating role of family social capital. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was the parents of elementary Public Schools students in Yazd in the academic year 2020-2021. 500 people were considered Sample size According to Klein (2015) based on selecting a sample size of 2.5 to 5 times the number of items, the sampling method was multi-stage clustering, of which 419 people completed the questionnaires. The research instruments included Garsham and Elliott (1990) Social Skills Questionnaire, Akbari Family Social Capital (2014) and a researcher-made economic capital questionnaire. SPSS software version 23 was used to analyze the data and AMOS software was used to perform structural equations. The findings showed that the direct effect of economic capital on social skills (p = 0.015; β = -0.25) is negatively significant and economic capital positively and directly predicts family social capital (p = 0.002; β = 0.55). Family social capital directly predicts children's social skills (p = 0.002; β = 0.67). Findings showed that the indirect effect of economic capital on children's social skills is significant through family social capital (p = 0.002; β = 0.37) and according to the variance accounted for index (VAF = 100%), this mediation role is complete. The calculated fit indices are in the acceptable range (NFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.049). In the present research model, the coefficient of explanation of social skills (R2 = 0.33) and social capital (R2 = 0.30) Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that economic capital alone does not play a positive role in the social skills of children and this capital when combined with family social capital can lead to social skills in children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - The effectiveness of Seligman parenting training on child abuse tendencies and parenting self-efficacy in mothers with a history of child abuse
mahmood moradi Zahra Yousefi Mansoureh BahramipourIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Seligman parenting training on child abuse tendencies and parenting self-efficacy in mothers with a history of child abuse in Isfahan. Methods: The quasi-experimental research method was pretest MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Seligman parenting training on child abuse tendencies and parenting self-efficacy in mothers with a history of child abuse in Isfahan. Methods: The quasi-experimental research method was pretest-posttest with follow-up. For this purpose, among the clients of social emergency centers in 2019, 40 mothers with a history of child abuse were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Subjects in both groups answered the questionnaires of child abuse tendency (Shamaizadeh Yousefi, 2018) and parenting self-efficacy (Dumka, 1996) in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90-minute Seligman parenting style training but the control group did not receive any training. To analyze data from descriptive statistical methods (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistical methods (Analysis of variance of repeated measures) was used. Results: The results showed that Seligman parenting style training generally reduces the tendency to child abuse and also increases the self-efficacy of mothers with a history of child abuse (P<0.05). Conclusions: As regard to results, it can be said, to improve child abuse tendency and parenting efficacy, Seligman parenting is suitable method among women with history of child abuse Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - The effectiveness of educational games based on social-emotional learning on increasing the social-emotional abilities in preschool children
Mahmoud Hakimi Farimani Farideh Hamidi Hossein Akbari AmarghanConsidering the importance of social-emotional abilities in childhood especially in preschool age, the necessity of intervention with the aim of improving and promoting of social-emotional abilities and using game-based educational methods, especially for preschool chil MoreConsidering the importance of social-emotional abilities in childhood especially in preschool age, the necessity of intervention with the aim of improving and promoting of social-emotional abilities and using game-based educational methods, especially for preschool children, the present research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of educational games based on social-emotional learning on increasing social-emotional abilities in preschool children. The present study was a semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and two-month follow-up design with control group. The research population was a preschool children of 4th district of Mashhad city in the 2020-2021 academic years. The research sample was 48 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly by lottery replaced into two groups of 24 people. The experimental group was trained 20 sessions of 45 minutes with the method of educational games based on social-emotional learning and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training. The research tool was the social-emotional assets and resiliency scale for preschool. The data were analyzed by methods of analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software version 25 at a significant level of 0.05. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of social-emotional abilities in preschool children. In the other words, educational games based on social-emotional learning increased social-emotional abilities in preschool children and the results remained in the follow-up phase (P<0.05). According to the results of this research, planning is necessary to improve social-emotional abilities in preschool children based on educational games based on social-emotional learning along with other effective educational methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Performance prediction of a steam single-effect absorption chiller by the artificial neural network
Farshad Panahizadeh Mahdi Hamzehei Mahmood Farzaneh-GordDepending on the temperature and pressure of the heat source, single-effect absorption chillers are categorized in two types of hot water and steam single-effect chillers. Due to the ability to use the waste steam in oil, gas and petrochemical industries for air conditi MoreDepending on the temperature and pressure of the heat source, single-effect absorption chillers are categorized in two types of hot water and steam single-effect chillers. Due to the ability to use the waste steam in oil, gas and petrochemical industries for air conditioning and process cooling purposes, the steam type chiller is more widely used. In this study, the artificial neural network is exploited in the prediction of the steam single-effect absorption chiller performance since it is faster and has lower computational cost compared to thermodynamic modeling methods. The perceptron multilayer neural network with the error backpropagation algorithm, the hyperbolic tangent excitation function and the Levenberg-Marquardt learning method with 15285 data points and also the mean squared error estimation index are used. Inputs of the artificial neural network are the inlet cooling tower water temperature, inlet chilled water temperature, inlet steam temperature, outlet chilled water temperature and the solution heat exchanger efficiency respectively. Also, outputs of the neural network are the coefficient of performance and thermal energy consumption of the chiller. Results of this study show that the artificial neural network is capable to predict the coefficient of performance and the thermal energy consumed by the single-effect absorption chiller while the values of mean squared error are 3.183×10^(-7) and 7.466×10^(-8) respectively which verify the accuracy of the method proposed here in absorption chiller performance prediction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Investigating the removal of heavy metals using nanoclay composite stabilized on chitosan surface
قدرت اله موسوی ممبینی خوشناز پاینده لاله رومیانیThis research aimed to investigate the effect of nanoclay composite stabilized on chitosan surface in removing zinc, copper, iron and aluminum metals from fish meal Company effluent in 2017. Chitosan was prepared from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) skin. The amount of ab MoreThis research aimed to investigate the effect of nanoclay composite stabilized on chitosan surface in removing zinc, copper, iron and aluminum metals from fish meal Company effluent in 2017. Chitosan was prepared from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) skin. The amount of absorption of zinc, copper, iron and aluminum metals by chitosan-clay nanocomposite was investigated in five concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1 weight percentage and at contact times of 60, 120 and 180 minutes. . In two concentrations of 0.2% and 0.5% of adsorbent and in contact times of 60 and 120 minutes, zinc and aluminum metals had the highest absorption rate compared to copper and iron metals, and in contact time of 180 minutes, iron metal had the highest absorption percentage (P<0.05). In concentrations of 0.8% and 1% of adsorbent in all three times, zinc metal has the highest removal percentage and aluminum has the lowest removal percentage (P<0.05) and two metals iron and copper rank second without any significant difference were placed (P<0.05). The results of the present study showed that the amount of metal absorption by chitosan-clay nanocomposite is related to the concentration of the adsorbent and the contact time and chitosan-clay nanocomposite can be used to remove and reduce the level of heavy metal contamination in the wastewater of fishmeal and other food factories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The Effect of Educational Group Game Based on Constructivist Learning on Training of Creative Thinking Skill of preschool children
Seyed Rasoul emadi Mahin Orvati movafaghBackground: training of creative thinking skill is what is needed for the future. In this way, improvement and enhancement of creative thinking in children as a necessary skills in age of communication, is required proportionality and applying new educational designing MoreBackground: training of creative thinking skill is what is needed for the future. In this way, improvement and enhancement of creative thinking in children as a necessary skills in age of communication, is required proportionality and applying new educational designing patterns and methods.Goal: the present research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of educational group game based on constructivist learning environment pattern on training of creative thinking skill of preschool children.Method: this semi-empirical research has been implemented using pre-test and post-test with control group. Statistical population of the study was consisted of children of preschool institutions under the guise of State Welfare Organization of Iran in Hamadan city in school year of 2013-2014 which were selected using randomized cluster sampling method equal to 24 individuals in two groups of test and control. Form B of Torrance test of creativity thinking as pre-test and post-test was used in order to measure components of creativity, and group games were run for eight sessions just in test group.Results: results of covariance analysis indicated that training in the style of group games has effect on training of creative thinking skill of preschoolers.Discussion and conclusion: training in the style of group games can increase children’s creative thinking skill by a pleasant and enjoyable process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - The effect of LEGO education on social skills and creativity among deaf children with Cochlear implants
Saeideh Akbari Mitra Rajab boloukatAbstract The present research aimed to study the effectiveness of Lego education on creativity and social skill of preschool deaf children with cochlear implants in Tehran city. 3 children (2 females and 1 male) were selected by convenience sampling method. Creativity MoreAbstract The present research aimed to study the effectiveness of Lego education on creativity and social skill of preschool deaf children with cochlear implants in Tehran city. 3 children (2 females and 1 male) were selected by convenience sampling method. Creativity of the subjects were measured by Torrance’s Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement Test which includes three subscales of imagination, originality, and fluency. For studying the social skills of children, Gresham and Elliott’s Social Skills Rating System was used which involves three subscales of empathy, assertiveness, and self-control. The results indicated a significant increase in social skill and creativity of deaf children with cochlear implants. According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that Lego education has a positive impact on social skills and creativity (and their subscales except assertiveness). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - An Applied Pattern for Developing Children's Creativity through Music by Non-Specialized Teachers in Primary Schools (Based on John Cage's Pedagogical Experiences and Musical Innovations)
Zahra Akhoundi Reza AfhamiBackground: Considering the significance of creativity in global development, the emphasis on its development at an early age, and the role of art in its flourishing on the one hand and the concern about “the Creativity Crisis” and lack of understanding conc MoreBackground: Considering the significance of creativity in global development, the emphasis on its development at an early age, and the role of art in its flourishing on the one hand and the concern about “the Creativity Crisis” and lack of understanding concerning creativity in schools on the other hand, necessitate innovative and applied solutions in the present age. Objective: The present study aims to provide an applied pattern for promoting the creativity of elementary school students through music experiences with usability by Iranian non-specialized teachers and its validation. Method: This research has been conducted in three studies. In order to design the intended pattern with the applicability by non-specialized teachers in elementary schools, first and second surveys include assessing the implementation of the artists’ educational practices in the creativity development with musical concepts and Cage’s pedagogical experiences, the prominent musician, teacher of the 20th century, which were evaluated by two rounds of a self-made Delphi questionnaire with concepts and pedagogical practices used to fostering creativity, and determined by experts in three areas of education, art, and music. The third Experimental research, with the purpose of validating the discovered pattern, was conducted by a non-specialist teacher on a group of primary girl students, with a pre-post test of Torrance Creative Thinking Test (TTCT; figural version of form A). Results: The findings indicate acceptance of some dimensions of the artist's educational model and Cage’s pedagogical experiences as a set of strategies for implementing in Iranian schools, according to experts and the third study also showed the significant difference between experimental and control group on creativity dimensions, fluidity, originality, flexibility, and the overall creativity score except expandability. Conclusion: The analyzes indicate the effectiveness of the intended pattern on the creativity development of primary school children and its use by non-specialized teachers in the educational environment of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Developing Creativity among 6-Year-Old Children Using a Doodle-Book Training Program
Mahvash Raghibi Zahra KhanmohammadzadeAbstract Background: The world around us is rapidly changing. To keep pace with these changes and, subsequently, solve the issues caused by these transformations, we need creative and innovative people. Objective: This study mainly aimed at determining the effectivenes MoreAbstract Background: The world around us is rapidly changing. To keep pace with these changes and, subsequently, solve the issues caused by these transformations, we need creative and innovative people. Objective: This study mainly aimed at determining the effectiveness of a doodle-book training program in increasing creativity and its components among 6-year-old children. Methods: This quasi-experimental study followed by a pretest-post-test design with a control group. The present study had a statistical population including all preschool students in Zahedan selected using a convenience sampling method. In this regard, two classes were chosen as experimental groups (girls: 24, boys: 22) and two classes were selected as control groups (girls: 22, boys: 22). The experimental groups took part in 10 sessions of the doodle-book training program and Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (Form B) was carried out on these groups before and after holding the sessions. Results: Results of a multiple-way analysis of co-variance indicated that the doodle-book training program increased creativity and its components among the children. Moreover, results of a multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that there was a statistically significant difference between the girls’ and boys’ groups with regard to the components of creativity. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the doodle-book training program can be effective in increasing creativity among preschool children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The Effect of Teaching Philosophy for Children (p4c) on the Creativity Development of 5th Primary School Boy Students in the District of a Baharestan Education
Amirhossien Mehdizadeh Alireza Araghieh hossein heydariehPurpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the teaching of philosophy for children (p4c) on the development of students' creativity. Method: This research is a causal-comparative study. For data analysis in descriptive and inferential sections, Kolmo MorePurpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the teaching of philosophy for children (p4c) on the development of students' creativity. Method: This research is a causal-comparative study. For data analysis in descriptive and inferential sections, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Shapirovylak (SH-W) and independent t-tests were used by SPSS-22 software. Is. . Fifty fifth grade elementary school students were selected from among the regions of Baharestan using random cluster sampling. For data collection, the Torrance creativity test (Form B) Includes three activities that are used in four subsystems of fluidity, flexibility, originality and expansion. Results: The findings of the study showed that by comparing the averages, the difference between the group or the trained students (166.48) was more than the control group or the untrained students (1396.92). Conclusion: The results of the general hypothesis of the research that "the teaching of philosophy for children (p4c) on the development of creativity among male students of the fifth grade elementary school in Baharestan" showed that the teaching of children's philosophy (p4c) on creativity of students The fifth grade son of the district of Baharestan is affected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - The Effectiveness of Creativity Training by Using Lego on the Emotioen Regulation of Gifted Children
Masoumeh Bazoolnejad Samira Vakili Leila Kashani Vahid Mahdis YaripourAim: The aim of this study was to the effectiveness of creativity training by using lego on the emotioen regulation and cognitive emotional regulation of gifted children. Methods: The research method was a pretest-posttest test with control group in this study. The stat MoreAim: The aim of this study was to the effectiveness of creativity training by using lego on the emotioen regulation and cognitive emotional regulation of gifted children. Methods: The research method was a pretest-posttest test with control group in this study. The statistical society of this study included all children aged 4 to 5 are at lego education center in Tehran in the academic year 1397-98. For this purpose, 30 children were selected by available sampling. The research instrument consisted of emotioen regulation questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003), intelligence scale Stanford binet (Roid, 2003) and emotioen regulation checklist (Shields & Cicchetti, 1998). The experimental group was trained with creativity training by using lego in 12 sessions 60 minute. Data were analyzed by using covariance analysis. Results: The results showed that family-centered structured games using Lego bricks had a significant effect on the emotioen regulation subscale (emotioen regulation & emotional instability) (p < 0.01). But this effect on the cognitive emotioen regulation subscale (expressive source & cognitive reassessment) was not significant (P> 0.01). Conclusion: Therefore, consultants and therapists can benefit from creativity training by using lego method for improve emotioen regulation of gifted children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Documentary study of the effect of play on the creativity of primary school children
Robab Rahmati Amir Karimintroduction: Creativity is one of the most important cognitive components, which is important to pay attention to in the educational process, especially in the elementary period. Purpose: Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of studying the effect Morentroduction: Creativity is one of the most important cognitive components, which is important to pay attention to in the educational process, especially in the elementary period. Purpose: Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of various educational games on the development of students' creativity. Research method: It was a review type and databases of Nurmagz, comprehensive portal of humanities, scientific information center of academic jihad, Civilica, Alamnet, Mogiran, etc. were checked using research keywords and 19 related articles were published from 1390 to 1400 were selected and examined.Research findings: 84% of the articles have proven the positive effect of play on the creativity of primary school children, 5% of the articles showed a negative effect and 11% did not show a significant effect between play and creativity. Also, 29 percent of the studies showed the effect of computer games on general creativity/abstract thinking/cognitive load/flexibility and fluidity/academic progress. Computer action games / computer game creation / medium game hours / imagination / pretend play / storytelling / poetry has a 9% effect on creativity and creative games of the center of intellectual cultivation / plant cultivation and games / comprehension, linear and combined games / based on the Taba curriculum / Role-playing games/ creativity-based play therapy/ geometric educational games had a 5% effect on creativity. Most of the articles pay attention to computer games and the impact of games such as: climbing games, running, singing, outdoor and nature games, business games, games with effective strategies, conditioned games, serious games Role-playing has been neglected.As a result, the use of educational games can increase the creativity of students, and it is important to pay attention to the neglected aspects in researches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Analyzing the dimensions and components of behavioral innovation of human resources in the organization of exceptional children
golchehreh Lohrasbi mitra sadoughi Hossein Ali taghipoor esmaeil kazempourIntroduction and purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate and identify the behavioral innovation of human resources in the organization of exceptional children.Research methodology: The research was conducted qualitatively using thematic analysis method. MoreIntroduction and purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate and identify the behavioral innovation of human resources in the organization of exceptional children.Research methodology: The research was conducted qualitatively using thematic analysis method. Collecting data and extracting related themes was done using semi-structured interviews with key informants in this field. The participants were selected using the purposeful sampling method and the theoretical saturation criterion based on which 14 experts, experts, Faculty members of universities and general managers of exceptional children organization were selected. In order to obtain the reliability and validity of the data, two methods of review of participants and review of non-participating experts were used in the research. The data were analyzed by thematic analysis.Findings: A model for behavioral innovation of human resources in the organization of exceptional children in the form of 14 components (behavioral honesty, positive thinking in behavior, empowerment, self-control culture, innovative self-efficacy, confidence building, collaborative management, participation, timely thinking, job satisfaction, Organizational justice, culture of organizational communication, healthy space for competition, objective evaluation of resources) and 53 indicators were designed and the component of innovative self-efficacy has the highest and the component of objective evaluation of resources has the lowest impact on behavioral innovation of human resources.Discussion and conclusion: By using the components of behavioral innovation of human resources, employees can engage in innovative behaviors away from physical, psychological and... as well as welfare problems and difficulties caused by facilities and equipment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Explaining the functions of P4C stories for children's creativity
Ali Hassanzadeh Yahya Ghaedi Saeed Beheshti Ahmad SalahshoorAbstractPurpose: This article examines the characteristics of philosophy stories for children, in order to determine the possibility of using the features of these stories in children's creativity. In the first part of the article, the characteristics of Fabak stories a MoreAbstractPurpose: This article examines the characteristics of philosophy stories for children, in order to determine the possibility of using the features of these stories in children's creativity. In the first part of the article, the characteristics of Fabak stories are explained. In the second part, the functions of philosophy stories for children are shown on children's creativity.Method: This research was qualitative content analysis in terms of qualitative approach and method of analysis. Data were collected from scientific documents and texts, including books and articles, using the keywords of creativity, fiction, philosophy curriculum for children, the functions of fictional stories, fictional elements in children's creativity. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 articles and 21 book covers were included in the study.The findings showed that the features of the stories of the Fabak program, despite the basis of questioning and philosophical concepts, the topics of reasoning and thinking, as well as the philosophical topics related to the ways of children's lives in the dimension of daily life and in the dimension of community intersubjectivity, the reconstruction of the research community and some processes such as literary components And educational and activity-oriented patterns such as the pattern of writing, discussing and practicing in the story have an effect on the development of children's creativity.Conclusion: The improvement of children's creativity and questioning spirit is based on the use of elements and functions of the features of Fabak stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Designing and validation of creativity training program for preschool children
Marjan Alsadat Ghazizadeh Fard khadijeh aboalmaali hayede saberi Hossein Ebrahimi MoghaddamPurpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the creativity training program for preschool children.Method: The research method was qualitative with a content analysis approach. The community included specialized texts in the fiel MorePurpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the creativity training program for preschool children.Method: The research method was qualitative with a content analysis approach. The community included specialized texts in the field of creativity education in Farsi and English in the last 10 years (1400-1390 and 2011-2021) and were also experts in the field of creativity. Out of 100 extracted articles, 50 articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. 7 experts (until saturation) were selected and interviewed in a targeted way. Open and axial coding was used for data analysis. Experts were used to validate the proposed training program.Findings: A total of 520 basic codes were extracted from articles and interviews. Then these codes are included in higher level codes such as: children's participation in designing and changing the space and layout of the classroom, interacting with other children, presenting children's skills with the help of expression techniques, performing arts, music-based skills training, creative performances, photography, poetry reading, skills Physical-motor, the role of peers in the exchange of information in order to solve the problem and other cases were classified. Based on the identified codes, a creativity training program was developed for preschool children.Conclusion: The creativity training program can encourage preschool children to stimulate the world and the interrelationship of its constituent elements with flexibility, imagination and problem solving skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - The Effects of Teaching Philosophy to Children and Its Role on Creativity and Components Fluidity, Originality, Flexibility, and Expandability
Noor Mohammad Rezaei Nader Padervand Abdolreza Sobhani Ali Mohammad rezaei Background: Many researchers consider teaching philosophy to children as one of the main tools for fostering critical and creative thinking skills among them. Objective: The current research aims to survey the role of teaching philosophy to children on their crea More Background: Many researchers consider teaching philosophy to children as one of the main tools for fostering critical and creative thinking skills among them. Objective: The current research aims to survey the role of teaching philosophy to children on their creativity and its components among the fifth grade primary school boy students in five schools in Tehran. Method: The authors used post-test method with control group. To this purpose some 100 students (4 classes) were selected among fifth grade primary school students. The students were taught during 13 sessions for 45 minutes (1 session in a week) by Sharp Lipman community of inquiry and Phillip Cam thinking stories, then the Torrance tests of creative thinking were executed. Results: The results of MANOVA indicate effects on components fluidity and flexibility and total score of creativity and showed no effect on originality and expandability of the students. Conclusion: By teaching philosophy to children, we can increase their creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - A Study on the Effects of Teaching Philosophy with Community of Inquiry Method on Questioning and Attitude to Creativity to the Blind Students
Leila Akrami Amir Ghamarani Sedigheh AghalarBackground: Philosophy for children have important role in challenging and creativity thinking for children. Objective: The aim of this research was to study the effects of teaching philosophy with method community of inquiry on questioning and attitude to creativity to MoreBackground: Philosophy for children have important role in challenging and creativity thinking for children. Objective: The aim of this research was to study the effects of teaching philosophy with method community of inquiry on questioning and attitude to creativity to the blind students with 9-11 age group. Some 28 blind girls and boys students were selected randomly to carry out the test. Method: Some 14 persons for experimental group and some other 14 persons for control group were selected with simple random sampling method. The samples were assessed by questioning and CAS questionnaire. To study hypothesis, experimental (pre-test- post- test) method was employed and then community of inquiry Lipman, Robert fisher and Philip cam thinking stories they were used to teach them. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA. Results: Findings showed that, philosophy for children with method community of inquiry caused improvement of questioning (0/001) and attitude to creativity (0/001) of blind girls and boys were improved. Discussion: Philosophy for children have important role, in reinforcement questioning, critical thinking and creativity for blind child. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The effect of creativity training to mothers on creativity of their preschool children
K. Ganji B. Niusha F. Hedayati Background: Creativity is one of the basic and vital characters of humankind that have an effective role in development and evolutionary of individual and civilization. Researchers believed that creative thinking trend origins in childhood. The effect of more va More Background: Creativity is one of the basic and vital characters of humankind that have an effective role in development and evolutionary of individual and civilization. Researchers believed that creative thinking trend origins in childhood. The effect of more variables on creativity were studied, but the impact of creativity training to mothers on creativity of their preschool children ignored. Objective: This research investigated the effect of creativity training to mothers on creativity of their preschool children. Method: The research method was qusi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. The sample includes 60 preschool children who were selected with purposive sampling method, and each group was consisted of 30 children (15 females and 15 males). The children in both groups (experimental and control), were taken the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking A and B images form. After administering pre-test, the program of mothers training was conducted in 24 hours (once a week- each session 4 hours). Then, the children involved the practices and plays in open space, and finally after two months the post-test was performed. Data analysis was performed by MANOVA test. Result(s): Results showed that there is significant differences between experimental and control groups in the components of originality, fluid, extending authenticity and creativity. But, there wasn't a significant difference in the component of flexibility. Also, there was not any significant differences between boys and girls in components of creativity. Conclusion:According to the results, we could say that the creativity training to mothers can be effective on the preschooler's creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - The Effectiveness of Group Mindfulness Training on the Resilience and Anxiety of Mothers with Low Vision and Blind Children Referred to Sanandaj Health Centers.
Maryam Zolfaghari Shohreh Ghorban shirodiPurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness group training on resilience and anxiety of mothers of low vision and blind children referring to health centers in Sanandaj. Method: The research design was experimental with pr MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness group training on resilience and anxiety of mothers of low vision and blind children referring to health centers in Sanandaj. Method: The research design was experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study was all mothers with blind and visually impaired children referring to health centers of Sanandaj in 1397-1978. The sampling method was cluster sampling. The research tools used are Connor and Davidson Resiliency Questionnaire (2003) and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Descriptive statistics (graphs, frequency distribution tables, central indices (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation) were used for data analysis. 2) Inferential statistics methods; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The results showed that Group mindfulness training affects the resiliency of mothers with low vision and blind children, and Group mindfulness training affects anxiety of mothers with low vision and blind children. Conclusion: Mindfulness training is effective on resiliency and anxiety of mothers with low vision and blind children, as it allows one to respond to events rather than involuntarily responding to events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Comparison the Behavioral Disorders and Mother-Child Relationship in Diabetic and Normal Children of Isfahan City
Niloofar sadat Shokere khodayi Zahra YoosefiPurpose: Present study aimed to comparison the behavioral disorders and mother-child relationship in diabetic and normal children of Isfahan city. Methodology: This study was cross-sectional from type of causal-comparative. The research population was all diabetic child MorePurpose: Present study aimed to comparison the behavioral disorders and mother-child relationship in diabetic and normal children of Isfahan city. Methodology: This study was cross-sectional from type of causal-comparative. The research population was all diabetic children of Isfahan city in 2018 year and matched normal children with them. The research sample was 100 children (50 diabetic and 50 normal) who were selected by available sampling method. The research instruments were the child behavior checklist (Achenbach, 1992) and mother-child relationship scale (Yousefi, 2014). Data were analyzed by methods of chi-square and multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS software version 21. Findings: The findings showed that diabetic and normal children had significant differences in behavioral disorders and mother-child relationship. In the other words, diabetic children in compared to normal children had more behavioral disorders (and its dimensions including internalizing and externalizing disorders) and weaker mother-child relationship (p < 0/05). Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that diabetes has an effective role in increasing behavioral disorders and decreasing mother-child relationship, so planning for psychological interventions to improve the characteristics of diabetic children is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - The Effect of Family Life Education on Parenting Stress Components of Mothers with Mentally Retarded Children in the Parent Domain
Sofia Heidari Kamroudi Mohsen Moshkabid Haghighi Ali Asghar ShojaeiPurpose: Considering the importance of parenting stress of mothers with mentally retarded children in their other roles, the aim of this study was determine the effect of family life education on parenting stress components of mothers with mentally retarded children in MorePurpose: Considering the importance of parenting stress of mothers with mentally retarded children in their other roles, the aim of this study was determine the effect of family life education on parenting stress components of mothers with mentally retarded children in the parent domain.Methodology: This research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The study population was mothers with mentally retarded children of Rasht city in the academic years 2017-2018. The research sample was 60 people who according to the inclusion criteria were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced in two equal groups. The experimental group underwent of family life education for 12 sessions of 90 minutes and during this period the control group did not receive any education. To collect data were used from the researcher-made demographic information form and stresses of parenting index (Abidin, 1990) and analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method in SPSS-20.Findings: The results showed that family life education led to reduce the components of parenting stress including feelings of competence, attachment, role restriction, and depression, relationships with spouse, health and social isolation in mothers with mentally retarded children in the parent domain (P˂0.05).Conclusion: The results showed the effect of family life education on reducing parenting stress components. Therefore, therapists and health professionals can use family life education method along with other educational methods to improve family characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - The Effectiveness of Parent-Child Relationship Education on Perceived Stress and Psychological Well-Being in Mothers with Mentally Retarded Children
Mehri Rostamnezhad Shabnam Hajizadeh koli Roghayeh Eslamnia Leila Mohammadhoseini Sorosh AlimardaniPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent-child relationship education on perceived stress and psychological well-being in mothers with mentally retarded children. Methodology: The statistical population of the study included all mot MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent-child relationship education on perceived stress and psychological well-being in mothers with mentally retarded children. Methodology: The statistical population of the study included all mothers who were active members in supporting Tehran's disabled and mentally retarded children. Of these, 30 mothers with mentally retarded children who met the inclusion criteria were selected by available sampling method. They were randomly assigned to experimental groups (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). Then, the experimental group received 10 sessions of parent-child relationship training and the control group did not receive any intervention. Participants were assessed using the Cohen`s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), Ryff`s Being- Well Psychological of Scales. Data were analyzed by SPSS23 software. Findings: The results of the study using repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the experimental and control groups in the post-test and follow-up stages were significantly different in terms of both variables (P <0.05) and based on the results of Table 3, 35.0%. Perceived stress changes and 14.4% of psychological well-being changes are due to the intervention method, ie teaching the parent-child relationship. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that parent-child relationship education has been effective in reducing perceived stress and increasing psychological well-being in mothers with mentally retarded children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The Effectiveness of Treatment Based on Acceptance and Commitment to the Psychological Well-Being of Mothers of ADHD Children
Azam Sadat Mousavi Tabeshian Heman MahmoudfakhehPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to the psychological well-being of mothers of ADHD children. Methodology: The present study was a quasi-experimental study of pre-test-post-test designs wit MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to the psychological well-being of mothers of ADHD children. Methodology: The present study was a quasi-experimental study of pre-test-post-test designs with a control group. In a quasi-experimental study, 20 mothers referring to the nesting center in Mahabad in 2016 were selected by convenience sampling method and the experimental group (n = 10) and the control group (n = 10) were replaced. The intervention group received training with acceptance and commitment-based therapy and the control group did not receive training. The research tool was Reef Psychological Welfare Questionnaire (1989). Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis using SPSS software. Findings: The results showed that treatment based on acceptance and commitment was effective on the psychological well-being of mothers of ADHD children. Also, acceptance-based therapy and commitment to all subscales of psychological well-being have been significant (P <0.05) except for autonomy subscales and positive relationships. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, acceptance and commitment-based therapy can be used to increase the psychological well-being of mothers of ADHD children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - The Investigation of the Effect of Verse and Story Based Training on Improving the Attitudes of Normal Children toward the Deaf and Blind Children
Farideh Kalhori Qumarth KarimiPurpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of poetry-based education and storytelling on improving the attitudes of normal children towards deaf and blind children. Methodology: The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test wit MorePurpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of poetry-based education and storytelling on improving the attitudes of normal children towards deaf and blind children. Methodology: The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of normal girls aged 7-12 years in comprehensive libraries in Tehran in the summer of 2014. Then 50 female students were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (25 people in each group). Data were collected using the Chidak-McMaster scale to measure children's attitudes toward children with disabilities. Rosenbaum, Aramstrang, King (1988) (CATCH). After the pre-test, 13 training sessions based on poetry and storytelling were held by experienced instructors for the experimental group. After the training sessions, post-test was performed on both experimental and control groups. Research data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the scores of normal children's attitudes toward the blind and deaf children in the expriment group (verse and story based training group) in comparison with the control group who did not see training (P ≤.05). Conclusion: Findings of this research has implications for revision of educational programs of related organizations including the Education Organization and the Center for the Development of Children and Adolescents to change the attitude of children in different emotional, cognitive and social areas by verse and story based training to create more motivation in children to communicate with children with disabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Identification of Pathotypes in Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr., the agent of Ascochyta blight in chickpea in provinces of Kermanshah and Ilam and resistance evaluation of chickpea cultivars and lines against disease
Shahrzad Khalatbari Dariush Shahriari Mojdeh MalekiAscochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei Pass. (Labr.)is one of the greatest disease in chickpeathat cause total yield loss if the environmental conditions are favorable. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective management strategy for ascochyta blight in MoreAscochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei Pass. (Labr.)is one of the greatest disease in chickpeathat cause total yield loss if the environmental conditions are favorable. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective management strategy for ascochyta blight in chickpea. In our study, 24 different isolates of A. rabiei from plants infected by this disease were obtained in provinces of Kermanshah and Ilam and then isolated and purified. For evaluation of the morphological characteristics, discs of colonies of fungal isolates were sown in PDA, CDA, CSA and WA media. For pathotypes identification, the isolates were sporulated on differential chickpea cultivars by concentrations with 106 spores per ml. 41 genotypes and chickpea cultivars inoculated by three A. rabiei pathotype like pathogenicity method in greenhouse. The severity of the disease index is noted from 1 to 9, according to the scale of Jan and Wiese and 12 days later when the intensity of symptoms reached to 90 percent on susceptible cultivar. The results of our study revealed morphological and genetic diversity of the fungus. In this survey, three pathotypes identified in different districts of Kermanshah and Ilam, respectively. Pathotypes 1 of 13 of total isolates was the most widely distributed then, pathotype II with 6 isolates and pathotype III with 5 isolates were the least ones. The response of 41 cultivars against three pathotype of A. rabiei, Adel, Azad cultivar that have just been released by the Agricultural Research Institute of Dryland over the past few years together with advanced line of Flip 03-109C against the pathotype III showed moderately resistant response while other lines and cultivars were susceptible or highly susceptible. In total, lines of Flip51-87C, Flip03-119C, Flip04-13C and Flip04-10C showed resistant or moderately resistant response for pathotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Training parents for child sexual education to prevent sexual harassment
Fatemeh Pakpour Faezeh Nateghi Mahnaz JalalvandiThe present study explained the role and responsibility of parents and schools in the sexual education of children through library studies and qualitative-descriptive research methods in this field. Child sexual education requires parents to know when, what and how to p MoreThe present study explained the role and responsibility of parents and schools in the sexual education of children through library studies and qualitative-descriptive research methods in this field. Child sexual education requires parents to know when, what and how to pass it on to their child. Some parents think that it is better to keep the child away from any sexual issues so that sexual thoughts do not develop in their minds, but sexual questions inevitably arise in the minds of children and the ignorance of parents and their inability to answer some questions of children cause children to get confused about sexual issues. Therefore, the most important issue for them is to grow up in a safe environment physically, mentally and emotionally. In the meantime, due to the prevalence of abnormalities and widespread factors that make sexual deviations more and more widespread, it is the suitable implementation of sexual education methods that requires children to be raised in a healthy environment based on religious supervision and education. Employing such methods also guide their sexual instincts in the right direction, and protect them from all kinds of abnormalities such as masturbation, thirst, oral and verbal sexual abuse, prostitution and pornography that lead to sexual perversion and harm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Provide a Model for Identifying Indicators of Education Development (Tuition and Content Services, Health-Individual Education, etc.) in Working Children
Nafiseh Sadat Nabavi Jafari Mostafa Niknami Mohammadali Hosseini Nader Gholi Ghuorchiyan Parivash Jafari -
Open Access Article
159 - Improved flame retardancy on polyester fabrics using chitosan-modified clay
Sima Habibi S Nourbakhsh SH HakimpourThe main objective of the present study was an improvement in flame retardancy (FR) of polyester fabric using modified clay as a green flame retardant. For this purpose, the polyester fabric was first treated with an alkaline agent, then nano-clay was modified with chit MoreThe main objective of the present study was an improvement in flame retardancy (FR) of polyester fabric using modified clay as a green flame retardant. For this purpose, the polyester fabric was first treated with an alkaline agent, then nano-clay was modified with chitosan to form organo-clay and used as a flame-retardant finish for coating samples. To investigate the physical properties of samples, the water absorption and bending resistance of pristine polyester, alkaline, and modified clay-treated polyester were measured. Modified clay and surface-treated polyester fabrics were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR/ATR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study revealed that chitosan-modified clay treatment affects the flame retardancy of polyester samples through an increase in limiting oxygen index (LOI), char yield, and a decrease in melt dripping while burning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Determining the optimal per capita use of urban green space in designing a child-friendly city using GIS (Case study: Semnan city)
Mohsen Ghods Oliya Shariati Parnian Sadat AmidFrom childhood, human destiny has been intertwined with the environment and the surrounding space. Many educators believe that the personality of every human being is formed in the first 6 years of his life. On the other hand, the expansion of vertical constructions and MoreFrom childhood, human destiny has been intertwined with the environment and the surrounding space. Many educators believe that the personality of every human being is formed in the first 6 years of his life. On the other hand, the expansion of vertical constructions and the use of minimal space to create houses today do not give the opportunity to build yards and safe alleys for children's physical activities (such as running, playing, exercising, etc.). It is in this context that the role of public green space in the city for adults, especially children, becomes more prominent. Therefore, by examining the needs and problems that children face in urban environments, urban space designers can plan and design appropriate to provide favorable conditions for the physical, mental, emotional and social development of children and the flourishing of their talents and interests. Security and be actively present. However, the problem of lack of green space and its inappropriate distribution can be seen in many cities in Iran. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of water supply and dry air. The city of Semnan, as one of the desert cities with special climatic conditions, needs a favorable urban green space. In the present study, which is written in an applied type and based on a research-analytical method, data collection has been done in the form of documents (library) and field. A questionnaire was prepared to examine the research indicators and distributed among different sections of society. Then, using GIS and analysis, the significance coefficient was assigned to each of the indicators. Finally, according to the research formula of the study proposed by Mr. Kambiz Bahram Soltani, the proposed per capita amount for the use of green space in the city of Semnan due to unfavorable climatic conditions, 28 square meters was proposed. The result of the research shows that the city of Semnan, considering the climatic conditions, is far from the appropriate per capita research proposal. Finally, solutions to improve green space are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Predicting Child Abuse during the Covid-19 Epidemic based on Parental Burnout and Control
صدیقه نجفی مجتبی امیری مجدAbstractThe aim of the current research was to predict child abuse during the covid-19 epidemicbased on parental burnout and control. The research community was formed by all themothers of preschool students in Qazvin city in 1401, of which 90 people were selected as as MoreAbstractThe aim of the current research was to predict child abuse during the covid-19 epidemicbased on parental burnout and control. The research community was formed by all themothers of preschool students in Qazvin city in 1401, of which 90 people were selected as asample by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The tools used in this research wereStrauss et al.'s (1998) parent-child conflict assessment questionnaire, Rozkam et al.'s (2018)parental burnout scale, and PARQ parental control questionnaire. Pearson's correlationcoefficient and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findingsshowed that there is an inverse relationship between parental burnout and assertivediscipline, and there is also a direct relationship between parental burnout and mental andphysical abuse (p<0.05). Also, acceptance and affection have a direct relationship with firmdiscipline, but an inverse relationship with mental and physical abuse. Hostility/aggressionalso has an inverse relationship with firm discipline, but a direct relationship with mentaland physical abuse. Parental rejection also has a direct relationship with mental abuse andan inverse relationship with physical abuse (p<0.05). No significant relationship wasobserved between other variables. The findings of this research show the importance of therelationship between parental fatigue and control and child abuse, and 30.4% of child abusecan be predicted by parental exhaustion and control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Structural Model of the Relationship between Childhood Injuries and Sexual Intimacy with the Mediating Role of Self-compassion in Married Women
فرشته میرزایی صاحبه بریمانی فاطمه زارع سمانه فراهانیAbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between childhood trauma and sexual intimacy in married women. The present study was a descriptive-correlational modeling of structural equations. The statistical MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between childhood trauma and sexual intimacy in married women. The present study was a descriptive-correlational modeling of structural equations. The statistical population of the study included married women in Tehran and Sari city, from which 196 people were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools included a short form of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, self-compassion scale and sexual intimacy questionnaire. Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation model were used for data analysis using AMOS and SPSS version 22 software. The results showed that sexual intimacy had a negative relationship with childhood injuries (-0.44) and had a significant positive relationship with self-compassion (0.25) at the level of 0.01. Self-compassion also played a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and sexual intimacy in married women (P<0.001). Accordingly, compassion had a mediating role in the relationship between childhood injuries and sexual intimacy in married women. Thus, in married women, childhood trauma can reduce sexual intimacy through its effect on compassion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - The effectiveness of child-centered play therapy on improving working memory and attention in children with math disorders
پگاه نفریه علیرضا پیرخائفیAbstract One of the problems of students with math disorder is lack of attention and difficulty in active memory, which can be increased with play therapy. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy on improving MoreAbstract One of the problems of students with math disorder is lack of attention and difficulty in active memory, which can be increased with play therapy. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy on improving working memory and attention of children with math disorders. The method of this research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all students with math disorders in the first half of 2019. The research sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. And they answered the questionnaires of the Iran Key Math diagnostic test (2001), children's working memory by Pickering and Gathercole (2001) and color word Stroop (2006) before and after the intervention. The experimental group underwent child-centered play therapy intervention for 8 sessions of 45 minutes, and the control group did not receive any training. The research data was analyzed using correlation. The results of covariance analysis showed that child-centered play therapy has a positive effect on working memory and attention of students with math disorders. The effect on working memory was 0.55 and on attention was 0.61 (P<0.01). Play therapy is effective in improving working memory and attention of children with mathematical disorders. Therefore, this type of education can be used to reduce the problems of children with math disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Economic (Cost-Benefit) Analysis of Power Generation from Commercial Reinforced Concrete Solar Chimney Power Plant Built in the Desert Regions of Iran
Farhad Saleki Baghban Hosein Nasir Aghdam -
Open Access Article
165 - The impact of the philosophy program for children through the rings to explore creativity, social adjustment and academic achievement science in third grade students
حسین مومنی مهموئی عفت پرورشThe purpose of this study Philosophy for Children program through the rings to explore the creative, social adjustment and academic achievement of students’ third grade elementary school. The research method is quasi-experimental. Thus the success of the program a MoreThe purpose of this study Philosophy for Children program through the rings to explore the creative, social adjustment and academic achievement of students’ third grade elementary school. The research method is quasi-experimental. Thus the success of the program and how Lippmann, development and creation of programs (p4c) were considered. P4c taken from Lippmann's ideas were explored in the survey style rings. To study the effect on the population of the research program that all students in third grade boys Qaen academic year (94-93) are using cluster sampling, the beginning of the boys' schools randomly choose a school and then two classes (20 people) Stand-third of the schools selected Inventory Inventory creativity Torrance, California social adjustment and academic achievement in science questionnaire before and after the implementation of the program of philosophy for children in the course of implementation and obtained information collection and analysis, spss software was used. In the final stage of data using descriptive statistics and independent samples T-test and analysis of covariance were analyzed and the results showed that: Philosophy for Children program through the rings explored to increase social harmony, creativity and academic achievement of students in third grade primary influence, Therefore it can be concluded that the use of philosophy for children can be explored through the loop of social harmony, creativity and increase student achievement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - The investigation of Role of Teaching Philosophy to Children on Reduction of Outflow and Inflow of the Anger on Male Students in High School of 14th Educational district in Tehran.
maryam jenabzadeh rodbare فهیمه انصاریان عزت اله نادریThe aim of this study is to investigate the role of teaching philosophy (p4c) to reduce anger the outflow and inflow at first grade male students in the public high school of district 14 in Tehran. The study population includes all male students in public high schools w MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the role of teaching philosophy (p4c) to reduce anger the outflow and inflow at first grade male students in the public high school of district 14 in Tehran. The study population includes all male students in public high schools who were studying from the academic year 2015-2014 District 14 of Tehran. The research sample consists of 60 students in the experimental and control groups who are placed non-randomly. After teaching philosophy courses to children in order to assess their anger management, researcher uses the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, Inventory - 2 Spielberger (STAXI-2). In order to test the hypotheses, ANCOVA analysis of covariance is used. Generally, results of this study confirm the validity and reliability of the philosophy program for children on the reduced outflow and inflow of teen’s anger. In the last article, we have tried to theoretical explanation of why the effect of Philosophy for Children program to reduce anger in teenagers also be provided Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - The investigation of Role of Teaching Philosophy to Children on Reduction of Outflow and Inflow of the Anger on Male Students in High School of 14th Educational district in Tehran.
maryam jenabzadeh rodbare FAHIMEH ansarian ezaatollah naderiThe aim of this study is to investigate the level of reliabilityof teaching philosophy (p4c) inActivitieseducation, on anger management of male junior students of public high schools of the14thdistrict of Tehran.This study is an applied research project that was conduct MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the level of reliabilityof teaching philosophy (p4c) inActivitieseducation, on anger management of male junior students of public high schools of the14thdistrict of Tehran.This study is an applied research project that was conducted with quasi-experimental method and preliminary and final test with a control group without randomly selection.The study sample contains all high school male students of the 14th district ofTehran enrolled in the academic year of2014-2015.The sample size of the study was60students that were non-randomly placed in two groups of 30experimental and 30control subjects.After running the PhilosophyforChildren program,in order toassess students’ strategies to control their anger, the researcher used the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory- 2 Spielberger(STAXI-2).In order to test the hypothesis, ANCOVA, the analysis of covariance was used. In conclusion, the findings of this study the researcher general question whether the growing activities of teaching philosophy to children in the planning and control anger out on secondary school students is effective or not, call the validity and reliabilityof the programof Philosophy for Children in anger management in teens Vgnjandn its production operations, Barrick component, the Control Anger adolescents Weber other components, namely a reduction in anger, did not approve. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - The Effectiveness of the Philosophy Teaching Approach for Child (p4c) in English word Students Skills
homa Imani Ghodsi Ahqhar Maryam Seif NaraqiAbstract The purpose of this study was to determine the Effectiveness of the Philosophy Teaching Approach for Child (p4c) in English word Students Skills of first grade high school students in district 5 of Tehran. Sample size was determined according to Cochran's formu MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to determine the Effectiveness of the Philosophy Teaching Approach for Child (p4c) in English word Students Skills of first grade high school students in district 5 of Tehran. Sample size was determined according to Cochran's formula of 60 with multi-stage sampling. To collect the data, a pet understanding and teaching philosophy for the child was performed for 10 sessions each 90 minutes. This quasi-experimental study was a pretest-posttest with a control group with a follow-up phase. To analyze the data, intergroup analysis of variance and dependent t-test were used. The results of the study showed that the English word of students who received philosophy education for the child was significantly higher than the students who did not receive this training, so the implementation of the philosophy teaching approach for the child, the English language word skills of the students It also increases the stability and stability over time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - The ability of preschool children to distinguish among use right and ownership right
Saeed Mahmoodpour Hadi Bahrami Noorali Farrokhi Fariborz DortajThis research was aimed to investigate the ability of preschool children to distinguish among gifts, shopping and borrow. Present research was applied from type of quantitative. Research statistical population was preschool children of Pakdasht Township in 2017-18 acade MoreThis research was aimed to investigate the ability of preschool children to distinguish among gifts, shopping and borrow. Present research was applied from type of quantitative. Research statistical population was preschool children of Pakdasht Township in 2017-18 academic years. The research sample consisted of 25 people (10 girls and 15 boys) who were selected by random cluster sampling method. To collect data was used from structured interview about the concepts of gifts (take with you right of object), shopping (ownership right of object) and borrow (use right of object). The face and content validity of interview questions was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was reported desirable by method of examiners. To analyzed data used from one-sample T-test and SPSS-19 software. The results showed that preschool children understand that in borrow only have the use right of object, but don’t have ownership right and taken with you right of object. Also, in shopping and gifts have the use right, ownership right and taken with you right of object. In addition, ownership right and taken with you right in gifts and shopping significantly was higher than borrow and there was no significant difference between the rate of them in gifts and shopping. There was no significant difference between the use right in gifts, shopping and borrow (P>0/05). According to the results, it is recommended that to preschool children be trained distinguish among use right, ownership right and taken with you right based on the concepts of gifts, shopping and borrow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on the Components of Maternal Emotional Intelligence
Zobeideh Babajanzadeh Ghodratallah Abbasi Ramezan HasanzadehThe present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and commitment based therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on the components of maternal emotional intelligence. The present study is a pilot study of pretest-posttest design with control group and MoreThe present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and commitment based therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on the components of maternal emotional intelligence. The present study is a pilot study of pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up. The sample consisted of 45 mothers with 5-7 years old children who were selected by non-random sampling from four preschool centers and randomly divided into three groups - two experimental groups (15 each) and one control group (15) ) Were replaced. And answered the questions of the Revised Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (MSEIS). Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy had a significant effect on the emotional intelligence components of mothers of preschool children (p <0.01). The results also showed that in the components of emotion regulation, perception of the variable emotional intelligence of cognitive behavioral therapy was more effective than acceptance and commitment based therapy (p <0.01) and only in the component of emotion regulation between cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance-based therapy. There was no significant difference between commitment and commitment (p >0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - The effect of group training solution-focused parenting to mothers on aggression and problem solving of preschool children
Fatemeh Mousazadeh Farideh HashemianNejadThe aim of this study was determine the effect of group training solution-focused parenting to mothers on aggression and problem solving of preschool children. This research was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. MoreThe aim of this study was determine the effect of group training solution-focused parenting to mothers on aggression and problem solving of preschool children. This research was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The research population was mothers of preschool children of Mashhad in the 2019-20 academic years, which from them 40 people were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups (20 people in each group). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes group training solution-focused parenting and the control group received no training. To collected data used from the questionnaires of aggression (Buss & Perry, 1992) and problem solving (Heppner, 1988). To analyzed data used from tests of Fisher, independent t and multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS-19 software. The findings showed that in the pre-test there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of aggression and problem solving (P>0/05), but in the post-test there was significant difference in terms of both variables (p < 0/05). This means that group training solution-focused parenting to mothers led to decrease aggression and increase problem solving of preschool children. Therefore, it is recommended to use from group training solution-focused parenting method to improve psychological characteristics especially decreasing aggression and increasing problem solving. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Providing a model for teaching philosophy cooperatively to children through social problem solving with an emphasis on social problem solving
ُSeyed Mohsen Delbari Aboutaleb Seadatee Shamir Mohsen Imani NaeiniThe purpose of this study was to present a model of teaching philosophy to children in a participatory method with emphasis on social intelligence on elementary students of education in district five. The statistical population in this section of the study was academic MoreThe purpose of this study was to present a model of teaching philosophy to children in a participatory method with emphasis on social intelligence on elementary students of education in district five. The statistical population in this section of the study was academic community experts and education professionals with executive backgrounds in decision-making levels known as knowledgeable experts. This group was selected to conduct the qualitative part of the research and participate in the interview process using the Delphi method; the qualitative part of the present study purposely describes the open coding of Budastras and Corbin (1990). From the analysis that is specifically related to naming and categorizing the phenomenon through careful examination of the data ". In other words, in this type of coding, the concepts within the interviews and documents are classified according to their relevance to similar topics. The result of this step is to massively distill and summarize information obtained from interviews and documents into concepts and categories that are similar to these questions. The results showed that human cognition, relation of concepts to each other, social intelligence, concept definitions, reasoning about concepts and critical thinking respectively have the highest factor loadings and factor weight on the second-order factor six-factor model of philosophy education for children through participatory method. have. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - The Comparison Between Tow Methods of playing and storytelling in pre-school children self-help and Social skills
Maryam AfzalkhaniThe present study was conducted to compare the two methods of play and storytelling on self-help skills and social skills of preschool children in Varamin. Trascott (1989) and Spence (1999) Self-Help Skills Questionnaire were used to collect data. In order to conduct th MoreThe present study was conducted to compare the two methods of play and storytelling on self-help skills and social skills of preschool children in Varamin. Trascott (1989) and Spence (1999) Self-Help Skills Questionnaire were used to collect data. In order to conduct the research, the present study examines self-help skills and social skills through two methods of group storytelling and group play. Therefore, in this research, a quasi-experimental research method has been used with a pre-test-post-test design and It is done with the control group. Also, the statistical population of the present study includes all preschool children in Varamin. In the present study, 64 preschool children were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups including: 1- Games 2- Storytelling (each containing 16 people) and a control group of 32 people. The analysis of research data was performed by SPSS statistical software to describe the data of mean statistical indices and standard deviation and frequency distribution tables and bar graphs and in research hypotheses to keep the effect of scores from the statistical test of analysis of covariance used. The results showed that after adjusting the pre-test scores, the difference between the experimental and control groups in the variables of self-help skills and social skills is as follows. Increased There is also a significant difference between the preschool children of the experimental group and the control group in terms of social skills with pre-test control. And boy, there is no difference, and both methods are equally effective Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - The effect of storytelling and role playing on learning social skills by teachable mentally retarded children
robabeh abaresi saeed temuriThe present study investigates the effect of storytelling and role playing on learning social skills by teachable mentally retarded children. Te study is a quasi-experimental one, with pre-test, post-test and control group. The sample included 30 children who were assig MoreThe present study investigates the effect of storytelling and role playing on learning social skills by teachable mentally retarded children. Te study is a quasi-experimental one, with pre-test, post-test and control group. The sample included 30 children who were assigned randomly to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group experienced a 2.5 months of storytelling along with role playing. Based on t-test results, social skills in experimental group significantly improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - The impact of the philosophy program for children through the rings to explore creativity, social adjustment and academic achievement science in third grade students
hossein momeni effat parvareshThe purpose of this study Philosophy for Children program through the rings to explore the creative, social adjustment and academic achievement of student's third grade elementary school. The research method is quasi-experimental .Thus the success of the program and how MoreThe purpose of this study Philosophy for Children program through the rings to explore the creative, social adjustment and academic achievement of student's third grade elementary school. The research method is quasi-experimental .Thus the success of the program and how Lippmann, development and creation of programs (p4c) were considered. P4c taken from Lippmann's ideas were explored in the survey style rings. To study the effect on the population of the research program that all students in third grade boys Ghaen academic year (94-93) are using cluster sampling, the beginning of the boys' schools randomly choose a school and then two classes (20 people) Stand-third of the schools selected Inventory Inventory creativity Torrance, California social adjustment and academic achievement in science questionnaire before and after the implementation of the program of philosophy for children in the course of implementation and obtained information collection and analysis, spss software was used. In the final stage of data using descriptive statistics and independent samples T-test and analysis of covariance were analyzed and the results showed that: Philosophy for Children program through the rings explored to increase social harmony, creativity and academic achievement of students in third grade primary influence, Therefore it can be concluded that the use of philosophy for children can be explored through the loop of social harmony, creativity and increase student achievement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - The approach of Fars associations and tribal in the constitutional movement
Abolhassan Najafzadeh Nemat Ahmadi Nasab ali bigdeliObstractThe extensive confusion of Iranian society and its growing wave of dissatisfaction in 19th century led to the emergence of constitutional movement which created a new chapter in the Iranian history .The formation and evolution of the constitutional movement in F MoreObstractThe extensive confusion of Iranian society and its growing wave of dissatisfaction in 19th century led to the emergence of constitutional movement which created a new chapter in the Iranian history .The formation and evolution of the constitutional movement in Fars was subordinate to three powerful factors that each of them displayed a different role at this juncture of time. First, the feudal family of Ghavam Ol-Molk, who were practically the undisputed ruler of Shiraz for a long time and the head of Khamseh tribe and who were strongly against construction. associations advocating constitutionalism despite internal contradictions, were considered staunch enemies of Qavam and at the end , Ismail Khan Solat-Ol Doleh, who ruled over a large part of Fars state and who was always in internal rivalry with the Ghavam family and Khamseh tribe Therefore of the interaction of these powers, didn't cultivate a favorable environment for the growth of constitutional ideas such as law, equality and establishment of justice hom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Optimization of malachite green cationic dye adsorption process by chitosan-ethyl acrylate polymer biosorbent using Taguchi model
Nasim Ziaei far Saber KhodaeiMany dyes, such as malachite green, produce toxic by-products due to various reactions, which are harmful to aquatic organisms and humans. Surface absorption technology has wide applications in water and wastewater treatment. In this study, the natural biopolymer chitos MoreMany dyes, such as malachite green, produce toxic by-products due to various reactions, which are harmful to aquatic organisms and humans. Surface absorption technology has wide applications in water and wastewater treatment. In this study, the natural biopolymer chitosan was modified with the organic compound of ethyl acrylate and was used for the surface absorption of malachite green cationic dye. The obtained compound was identified using infrared spectroscopy. To investigate the decolorization characteristics of the synthesized compound, effective factors such as pH, concentration of absorbent, concentration of dye, temperature and the effect of different salts were investigated. The results showed that increasing the pH and amount of adsorbent has a positive effect on the amount of color removal, Taguchi method was used to investigate the effect and determine the optimal conditions of each of these parameters. The results of the experiment design showed the highest parameter, gram of bioabsorbent compared to other parameters and the lowest effect related to temperature in surface absorption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Acquisition of Tense by Persian and English Speaking Children Between 2 to 4 Years Aged
Maryam Babanezhad Ramin Rahmany -
Open Access Article
179 - Strength Characteristics of Clay Mixtures with Waste Materials in Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Mahya Roustaei Mahmoud Ghazavi -
Open Access Article
180 - Comparison of perceived social support, hope and academic achievement between the students living in Imam Khomeini relief foundation dormitories and the welfare organization homes of parentless and unsupervised children in West Azerbaijan
Javad keyhan sara mohammad moradi naghadeh fazel ganea gare baghThe aim this research is a comparative study of perceived social support, hope and academic achievement between the students living in Imam Khomeini relief foundation dormitories and the welfare organization homes of parent less and unsupervised children in West Azerbai MoreThe aim this research is a comparative study of perceived social support, hope and academic achievement between the students living in Imam Khomeini relief foundation dormitories and the welfare organization homes of parent less and unsupervised children in West Azerbaijan province. Research method was descriptive survey and the research community statistic were included all girl and boy students in high school living in Imam Khomeini relief foundations dormitories in the west Azerbaijan province. The sampling method due to statistic population restrict was census. In this research were used to gathering information from the multidimensional perceived social support scale (MSPSS) Zimet and colleagues (1988) , the Snyder hope questionnaire (1991) and the student academic records at the end of the semester. The results of multivariate analysis of one- way showed there are significant difference between these two groups in perceived social support, hope and academic achievement. So that students living in welfare organization homes of parent less and unsupervised have good social support perceived than Imam Khomeini relief foundation dormitories student. But, hope the students covered by the Relief Committee are for significantly more than students under welfare organization. Also the independent t-test results showed that academic achievement students living in Imam Khomeini relief foundations dormitories is Significantly higher than students living in welfare organizations home of parent less and unsupervised children Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - comparison of parenting style of usual and bulling children among elementary school of TEHRAN fifth region
Farkhondeh Mofidi Kamran Mamghaderi Masoud Najari Ali KhezernezhadThe purpose of this study was to compare the parenting styles of bullying children with the parents of normal children by causal-comparative method. The statistical population of this study was all sixth grade boys in district 5 of Tehran and their parents were 3796 peo MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the parenting styles of bullying children with the parents of normal children by causal-comparative method. The statistical population of this study was all sixth grade boys in district 5 of Tehran and their parents were 3796 people. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size was estimated to be 350. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster randomized questionnaire using Olweus Bully/Victim questionnaire (1996) and Baumrind parenting style questionnaire (1972), 300 questionnaires (due to some incomplete questionnaires and lack of accountability To them) were collected perfectly. The reliability of the questionnaires was 83% and 76%, respectively, through the Cronbach's alpha method. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between parenting style of bullying and normal children and the dominant role of permissive parenting style in the parents of bullying children, and authoritative parenting style in the parents of normal children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Surveying the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy on Anxiety, Stress and Depression in Diabetic Children of 17 Shahrivar Hospital at Rasht City
Gholamreza Manshae Shahin Kouh Manaie Seyedeh Sara MousaviIn recent years, research on the effectiveness of different psychological treatments to help people with different physical diseases has bene increased. The overall goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy treatment on MoreIn recent years, research on the effectiveness of different psychological treatments to help people with different physical diseases has bene increased. The overall goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy treatment on anxiety, stress and depression in diabetic children in 17 Shahrivar Hospital at Rasht. Materials and Methods: This study is semi-experimental and the type of the pre-test and post-test control group. The statistical population of this study consists of all children with Type I diabetes who were admitted to 17 Shahrivar Hospital of Rasht for treatment from March 2013 until the beginning of July 2014. The statistical sample consisted of 30 people who were randomly divided into two experimental (n = 15) and control groups (n=15). And cognitive-behavioral group treatment program were done for experimental group for 12 sessions of 1-5 hours. And after completion of the treatment, posttest was performed on both groups. Variables of depression, stress and anxiety in the two groups of patients were discussed in two stages of pre-implementation and post-implementation. The instrument used in this study was specific questionnaire for depression, anxiety and stress DASS 42 and demographic questionnaire were used. In this study, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-test, pre-test and post-test (paired) and bivariate independent t-test were used which the data was analyzed by SPSS software. The mean scores of depression and anxiety in the pretest and posttest in experiment and control group shows that implementation of cognitive behavioral therapy reduced the rate of anxiety and reduce stress and depression in the patients had no significant influence. The present study revealed that cognitive behavioral therapy group effect on anxiety and stress. It is therefore recommended to use this model as a treatment pattern for reducing anxiety and stress patterns in diabetic children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - The Assessment of the Relationship Between Resiliency and Hardiness with Imposter Syndrome.
Shohre Ghorban ShiroudiThe present research aims in standardizing a multidimensional anxiety scale in children among Iranian students. In this study, when the original transcript of MASC was translated into Persian, it retranslated then reviewed for correction and the final form provided for MoreThe present research aims in standardizing a multidimensional anxiety scale in children among Iranian students. In this study, when the original transcript of MASC was translated into Persian, it retranslated then reviewed for correction and the final form provided for implementation. The participants in this study include 10-16 Year old students (353 girls, 347 boys) studying in Tonekabon. The multi-stage procedure was used to pick up sample (classified and clustered random). To investigate the convergent validity, the students answered the questionnaires in Revised children’s manifested anxiety scale (RCMAS). To control scale reliability, it was utilized Cronbach coefficient. To calculate scale validity, factor analysis was used as main components analysis. To prepare the norm table, there were utilized Z & T balanced scores. Cronbach coefficient also was recorded 0.91 for the total scale. Implementing exploratory factorial analysis through varimax rotation revealed a robust eight-factor structure. Correlation coefficient was significant between the total score in multidimensional anxiety scale in children and RCMAS. The children’s multidimensional anxiety scale showed an appropriate validity and internal homogeneity among Iranian students, therefore it can be used for further studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - The relationship between attachment styles and child-parent conflict resolution strategies and self-efficacy with the attitudes of children toward parents
Ameneh KhalatbariThis study aims to determine the relationship between attachment styles and child-parent conflict resolution strat-egies and self-efficacy with the attitudes of children toward parents. Statistical population was of all high school students in Tonekabon city in 2015-201 MoreThis study aims to determine the relationship between attachment styles and child-parent conflict resolution strat-egies and self-efficacy with the attitudes of children toward parents. Statistical population was of all high school students in Tonekabon city in 2015-2016 who were selected as the cluster sampling method with a size of 150 samples. The research method is correlational. The results showed that:- Four variables of father’s aggression, mother’s argument, physical aggression of mother and self-efficiency of prediction power has the positive attitude of child towards father.- Four variables of father’s aggression, mother’s argument, self-efficiency and child’s aggres-sion has the prediction power of child’s positive attitude towards mother.As a result, it can be said that:For a posi-tive attitude of father, his aggression has the highest prediction power and self-efficiency has the least prediction power. However, for the positive attitude of mother, father’s aggression has the highest prediction power and child’s aggression has the least prediction power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Investigate the relation between Achieved identity, Percieved child training methods and Hope quantity with Perceived stress in Sama high school girl students in Guilan
Javad Khalatbari Alaleh AshouriThis research is functioned to investigate the relation between Achieved identity, Percieved child training methods and Hope quantity with Perceived stress in Sama high school girl students in Guilan. Research method was correlation and statistical population was all of MoreThis research is functioned to investigate the relation between Achieved identity, Percieved child training methods and Hope quantity with Perceived stress in Sama high school girl students in Guilan. Research method was correlation and statistical population was all of the Sama high school girl students of Guilan (2348 persons).The sample group of this research were 120 girl students selected from Rasht, Bandar anzali and Lahidjan. The tools used for the research were Robinson’s Child training methods, Snyder`s Hope scale, Objective measure of ego identity status (OMEIS) and Cohen`s Perceived stress scale .For data processing, Multiple regression was used .Based on the result of research, There is a positive and relevant relation between Foreclosure identity and Perceived stress (p<0.01). The relation between Moratorium identity and perceived stress was positive and relevant (p<0.01). The relativity that exists between Diffused identity and Perceived stress is positive and relevant (p<0.01). The relationship between Achieved identity and Percieved stress is negative and relevant (p<0.01). The relation between Permissive and Authoritative scale in child training method and Percieved stress is positive and relevant (p<0.01). The relation between Authoritarian in child training method and Perceived stress is negative and relevant (p<0.01). The relation between Hope scale and Perceived stress is negative and relevant (p<0.01). Conclusion: There is a relation between Achieved identity, Perceived child training methods and Hope quantity with Perceived stress in Sama high school girl students in Guilan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Effectiveness of family-based sensory-motor games in decrease of clinical symptoms in ADHD children
Maryam Mostafavi Masod Hejazi Gholamali AfrouzThe present research is aimed at determining the effectiveness of family sensory-motor games in decrease of clinical symptoms in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This research is a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and c MoreThe present research is aimed at determining the effectiveness of family sensory-motor games in decrease of clinical symptoms in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This research is a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group. The research population includes all the children (of 8-11 years old) in Zanjan during the academic year 2017-2018. 4 schools were selected from districts 1 and 2, Zanjan by cluster (random) sampling. 20 students were selected out of those who were affected by attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. After homogenizing the samples in terms of age, gender, and ADHD severity, they were assigned to experiment (10 people) and control (10 people) groups. ADHD diagnosis was done based on Snap and Conners’ IV parent scale. The subjects of the experimental group participated in family sensory-motor games for 8 weeks (sixteen 90-min sessions). Collected data were analyzed through covariance analysis . The results suggested that the performed interventions have significantly decreased the clinical symptoms of ADHD children (with the affect intensity of 0.88) in Experimental group. It can be concluded that this intervention can effectively decrease the symptoms of children with ADHD. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Married stepparents with stepchild in Iranian law
Alasadat Afghah Azam Khosh Sorat MovafaghAdoption is one of the most important issues in the family. The legislator has been paying attention to this issue for years, because human childhood usually has significant effects on adulthood. In 1392 note 26 of law of the protection of orphaned and neglected c MoreAdoption is one of the most important issues in the family. The legislator has been paying attention to this issue for years, because human childhood usually has significant effects on adulthood. In 1392 note 26 of law of the protection of orphaned and neglected children state that it is permissible to marry an adopted child with a guardian if appropriate. Jurisprudently and in accordance with the initial commandments there is no prohibition on this marriage, but the above mentioned note in the terms of jurisprudence and legally has been the matter of the place of reflection for, many lawyers and experts are concerned about family issues. Because it contradicts with the general order of society and good ethic. On one hand one handone hand the lack of clarity in the concept of expediency in the legislator expression on the other hand the deteriorating of educational environment for the adoptive child due to the interplay of adaption and possible spouse relationship and being ? by this marriage and also because of the loss of stepparent mental security due to the possible suspicion, it is suggested that The legislator should revise the mentioned not in the form of secondary provisions and prohibit the marriage of the adopted children with the stepparents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Effectiveness of the Mother -Child Relationship Education on Reduce physical and emotional Child Abuse
Ahad Ahangareanzabee Sakeneh Salamat Asgar FuladeThe relationship between mother - is among the most important risk factors to be in child abuse. This study aims to find out the effect of the mother child relationship on reducing the Effectiveness of the Mother -Child Relationship Education on Reduce physi MoreThe relationship between mother - is among the most important risk factors to be in child abuse. This study aims to find out the effect of the mother child relationship on reducing the Effectiveness of the Mother -Child Relationship Education on Reduce physical and emotional Child Abuse. Study was a quasi- With pre-test and post test and the control group. A sample of 30 mothers with of 7-10 years old children between 10-7 years old who have been enrolled in the first up to forth grade in primary school were selected And They were randomly assigned to two groups (n =15, and control (n =15) The training package of improving the parent and child relationships were taught to experimental group for 10 sessions group the 10 sessions. the abuse questionnaire was distributed before and after the treatment for two groups and after the next two meetings were conducted on both groups.. collected data were analyzed by analysis of one-Way covariance.The results showed there was a significant difference between the the pre-test and post-test scores of physical and emotional abuse (P <0/05),.According to the findings, we can conclude that the training methods for improving relations between parent and child can educe physical and emotional of child abuse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Comparison of the effectiveness of parenting education based on acceptance and commitment and parenting based on positive psychology on emotion regulation, resilience and mother-child relationship in mothers of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder
Mahboobeh Banani Naser Amini Mahmood Borjali Moloud KeykhosravaniMothers of children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder face significant challenges. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based parenting education and parenting based on positive psychology on emotion regulatio MoreMothers of children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder face significant challenges. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based parenting education and parenting based on positive psychology on emotion regulation, resilience and mother-child relationship in the statistical population of mothers with children with disabilities. Attention / hyperactivity 8 to 12 years old boy in Tehran in 1399-1400 was a quasi-experimental research method with a pre-test-post-test design with 2 expriences group and one control group. By available sampling, 45 volunteer mothers were included in the study and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The research instruments were the Graz and Roemer Emotion Difficulty Scale, the Conroy-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Pianta Mother-Child Relationship Scale, which included parenting and commitment training based on Kevin and Morrell and Seligman's Positive Psychology training. To analyze the data, descriptive indices (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate analysis of covariance) were used in SPSS software version 22. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the parenting group based on acceptance and commitment, the parenting group based on positive psychology and the control group in the mean score of emotion regulation and mother-child relationship. But there was no significant difference in the mean resilience score, so counselors are advised to use the findings of the present study in line with clinical interventions to help better emotion regulation increase resilience and improve the quality of mother-child relationship in mothers of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - A research on the evolution and diversity of the concept of "motherhood" in society and examining its examples
Nazi Abdullah PourUpon hearing the word "mother" - and its equivalent in any language - the first thing that comes to mind is the woman who gave birth to us, but this concept has suffered many examples throughout history. Rapid changes in human society make these examples more widespread MoreUpon hearing the word "mother" - and its equivalent in any language - the first thing that comes to mind is the woman who gave birth to us, but this concept has suffered many examples throughout history. Rapid changes in human society make these examples more widespread. This article aims to investigate the evolution of the concept and examples of "motherhood" in human language and is written with a descriptive-analytical method. Due to the fact that a large percentage of human society has been subject to Abrahamic religions during the past four thousand years, in this article, while examining the role of mother in wild and primitive societies, the function of the word "mother" in the religious texts of three major religions of the Middle East. Especially Islam is examined. Examples of mothers over time include: a group of mothers and women and even tribal girls in primitive tribes, the mother goddess - with different names - the biological mother who gave birth to the child or donated her egg, the mother who conceived an embryo from the egg of another raised in her womb, the person's grandmother and female ancestors, foster mothers, adoptive and alleged mothers, wives of the Prophet, mother-in-law, mother or biological and father who has changed gender. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Sociological Factors of Domestic Violence towards Adolescent Female Children (case study: High schools in Ahwaz)
محمود یعقوبی دوست حلیمه عنایتThis study aimed to examine the sociological factors of domestic violence towards adolescent female children in Ahvaz. The study is a survey. The population of the research consisted of high school girl students and their parents in Ahvaz‚ from among w MoreThis study aimed to examine the sociological factors of domestic violence towards adolescent female children in Ahvaz. The study is a survey. The population of the research consisted of high school girl students and their parents in Ahvaz‚ from among whom 384 were selected as samples through multi –stage sampling technique. In this study, Four questionnaires" Childhood Trauma Questionnaire measuring instrument (Child Abuse and Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) (Bernstein, 1995), Duncan’s scale of socio-economic parents (SES)‚ Russell’s social isolation UCLA)) 1976, a scale of perceived emotional support (MSPSS Zimet & et al) (1998) were used. For data analysis, statistical indicators, standard deviation, t test, and ‚ Pearson regression analysis were used. According to the study, the variable "social isolation, perceived emotional social support, socio - economic, situation and the household population have a significant relationship with domestic violence of parents toulard young female children. The results of multiple regression showed that the variable of social isolation has the most impact to predict the dependent variable. According to the research findings, this issue requires consideration of both the families and the authorities to prevent control and reduce its negative impact on society and families. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - نقش سبک حل مسأله در پیش بینی سازگاری زناشوییِ مادران کودکان استثنایی
مونا کارگر محمد جواد اصغری ابراهیم آباد -
Open Access Article
193 - The Effects of Using Different Levels of Mannanoligosaccharides on the Performance, Carcass Characteristic and Blood Fat Profile of Broiler Chickens
M. Afrouzie B. Golizadeh A. Manaf HossainiA complete randomized experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of mannanoligosaccharides (0, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg into the basal diets) on growth performance, carcass characteristic and blood lipid profile in broiler chicks. Six hundred one day old Ro MoreA complete randomized experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of mannanoligosaccharides (0, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg into the basal diets) on growth performance, carcass characteristic and blood lipid profile in broiler chicks. Six hundred one day old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 5 treatments. Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates and there were 20 chicks in each replicate. In this experiment, avilamicin antibiotic (10 mg/kg into the basal diet) was used as a positive control. The obtained in results starter period showed that, none of the growth performance parameters affected by adding prebiotic. Adding avilamicin also did not affect the parameters under study. By adding 2 and 3 g/kg prebiotic or avilamicin into basal diet weight gain improved as compared with control diet (P<0.05) and feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in diet supplemented by 3 g/kg prebiotic or avilamicin in comparison with control diet (P<0.05). In finisher period, supplementing 2 and 3 g/kg prebiotic or avilamicin to the diet at the final growth period improved feed conversion ratio and weight gain significantly (P<0.05) as compared with the control diet. Addition 2 and 3 g/kg prebiotic to the diet decreased abdominal fat pad (as a percentage of live weight) significantly as compared with control diet, but its difference with diet supplemented by avilamicin was not significant. Only, in diet supplemented by 3 g/kg prebiotic the level of serum cholesterol was lower as compared with control diet (P<0.05). It seems that the best levels of mannanoligosaccharides were 2 and 3 g/kg of broiler diets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Effect of Different Bedding material on Fruit Yield and Some Quantitative Parameters of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa cv. European) in Soilless Culture
M. Tavusi P. ShahinrokhsarNowadays widespread researches are being done on bedding material in crop production. Bedding materials, including soilless beds, perlite, coco peat and wood chips may affect crop quality and quantity. Thus, suitable bedding material should be used. Because, cost of the MoreNowadays widespread researches are being done on bedding material in crop production. Bedding materials, including soilless beds, perlite, coco peat and wood chips may affect crop quality and quantity. Thus, suitable bedding material should be used. Because, cost of these materials is high in strawberry production local substrate with low cost can be used. A greenhouse strawberry cultivar (Fragaria ananassa cv. European) trial was performed at research greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in cropping season of 2004-2005. The experimental design was complete randomize block with four replication. The treatments were (1) Perlite (2-5 mm), (2) Coco peat (3) Wood chips and (4) Wood chips and Perlite (1:1 W). In general, plants grown in Coco peat substrate improved vegetative growth parameters like dry and fresh weight (gp-1), chlorophyll index and number of leaves (np-1). While, the effect of perlite on yield (gp-1) and number of fruit (np-1) were not significant as compared with wood chips (p≥0.5), and even wood chips improved total soluble solids (TSS). On the other hand mixed wood chips and perlite, as bedding material did not have promising effect on vegetative and reproductive growth of strawberry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Evaluation of Species Diversity and Population Indices of Weeds in Chickpea Fields under Dry-land of Kermanshah Province
Iraj Nosrati Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab Rouhollah Amini Mohammad Reza ShakibaWeed identification is considered the most fundamental task in weed management. It would be possible to decide on specific methods of weed control through availability of weed information in a particular location, otherwise applying different methods of control will not MoreWeed identification is considered the most fundamental task in weed management. It would be possible to decide on specific methods of weed control through availability of weed information in a particular location, otherwise applying different methods of control will not show satisfactory effects. To evaluate the species diversity and population indices of weeds in dry-land winter chickpea fields at four counties of Kermanshah province, 30 fields were investigated in 2015. The sampling was done based on W method at twenty points in each field. All weed species in each quadrate were identified and counted on the basis of genus and species. The indices of density, frequency, uniformity, abundance index, and relative diversity for each species were calculated and 44 weed species belonging to 22 different families were identified: 18% of families belonged to Asteraceae, 13% to Fabaceae, 11% to Brassicaceae, and 9% to Poaceae of all the weeds identified 89 percent of belonged to dicotyledons and 11 percent to monocotyledon. The broad leaf weeds of winter dry-land chickpea of Ravansar county based on dominance were common chicory (Cichorium intybus), european bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), cow cockle (Vaccaria pyramidata) and stichy willie (Galium tricornatum), respectively. In Kermanshah county the european bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), common chicory (Cichorium intybus), stichy willie (Galium tricornatum) and yellow goatsbeard (Tragopogon major), were the dominant weeds, respectively. Also, at Dalahoo county the common chicory (Cichorium intybus), stichy willie (Galium tricornatum), cow cockle (Vaccaria pyramidata) and wild licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), were dominant weeds, respectively. In west Islamabad county the dominance was related to common chicory (Cichorium intybus), European bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) and yellow goatsbeard (Tragopogon major), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Investigating the relationship between use of virtual (social) networks and family cohesion among city of Naghade families
Rubabe Porjebeli Seyyede Samane RezaieThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of social networks and the social cohesion of families in Naghade. The population of the research was all family households (23706) in Naghade among whom 378 individuals chosen as a sample using C MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of social networks and the social cohesion of families in Naghade. The population of the research was all family households (23706) in Naghade among whom 378 individuals chosen as a sample using Cochran formula and multi-stage random cluster sampling method. In the present study a researcher-made questionnaire was used as a research tool. The validity and reliability was tested by alpha cronbach. Based on the results obtained, there was a reverse and significant relationship between the amount of use of virtual networks and the cohesion of the family. In examining the family cohesion, the relationship between variables of the degree of desirability of marital relationships and parent-child relationships with the amount of use of virtual networks is significant and inverse. But there was no significant correlation between the amount of use of virtual networks and the degree of desirability of family relationships. Also there was no significant difference between the type of activity in virtual networks and the integration of families. Finally, the degree of family cohesion was different in terms of educational level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - A comparative study of the role and function of fathers in family and satisfaction of their situation
Zahra Ghasemi Family is one of the most important institutions of society and father as important member of family has effective function in three levels of social system of family (macro, micro and middle level). This paper aims to recognize the main factors that influence f More Family is one of the most important institutions of society and father as important member of family has effective function in three levels of social system of family (macro, micro and middle level). This paper aims to recognize the main factors that influence fathers' disapproval of his role in the family. The research is descriptive and explanatory and 500 fathers living in Tehran with at least one child who are not married were interviewed. Sampling method is classification of probability and the theoretical framework of the study has been developed in three levels of median, macro and micro. Using a Durkheim, Weber and Marx theories the following variables are studied: changing in division of labor, father’s dependency to parents, changing of father’s practical tasks, generational differences between father and children, educational, age and job differences between women and men, patriarchy, the power of women. In micro sociological level, allegiance of women and the father’s assumption of his role in family are recognized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Investigating the right to employment of natural children and the restrictions against it based on jurisprudence and the constitution
Maryam Saadatduorabi Seyedasgari Hoseini moghadam Abbas Mogaddari amiriOne of the fundamental rights of every person is the right to employment. This right can be examined from several perspectives. The first is the right to freely choose a job and the prohibition of forced labor. From this point of view, no one can be forced to do anythin MoreOne of the fundamental rights of every person is the right to employment. This right can be examined from several perspectives. The first is the right to freely choose a job and the prohibition of forced labor. From this point of view, no one can be forced to do anything. From another point of view, the prohibition of slavery is also part of the debate on the right to freely choose a job.Non-discrimination in the selection of workers and the workforce as a whole, as well as non-discrimination in the payment of salaries and benefits, can be examined under this right. The constitution and ordinary laws, including the labor law, have dealt with this issue, and the right to choose a job and the prohibition of any discrimination have been explicitly legislated.These rights are also recognized in international documents and mentioned in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Charter of Civil and Political Rights. Iran has accepted both of the aforementioned documents and is considered as one of the internal and binding regulations based on Article 9 of the Civil Code.However, there are doubts about the right of natural children regarding some jobs such as judging, imam of congregation and Friday, leadership, etc. In this research, we discuss the basis of banning the employment of natural children in these occupations and its limitations.Contrary to what has been popularized, in practice, it is rarely possible to prohibit a person from working in these jobs based Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Assigning Natural Children to the Parents in Shiite Jurisprudence and Iranian Law
asalan veysi ehsan zarrokhAccording to Iranian law, rights of the natural child can not be attributed to parents. Shiite jurisprudence doesn’t assign natural children to their parents too. In this respect, the civil law and legal doctrine are discussed. The main reasons of the mattress are tra MoreAccording to Iranian law, rights of the natural child can not be attributed to parents. Shiite jurisprudence doesn’t assign natural children to their parents too. In this respect, the civil law and legal doctrine are discussed. The main reasons of the mattress are tradition and consensus. The reasons are not without difficulty. In this regard, opponents consider the nature and reality of customary lineage that is the abstract and foreign origin and the necessity of justice have the opposite opinion. Many lawyers' rule contained in Article 1167 of the Civil Code with regard to the majority of jurists have interpreted to deny parentage. However, other measures may reduce the strength of this view. Iranian lawmakers seem to not fully comply with the majority of jurists. The legislator attributed natural child to the parents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Jurisprudential examination of the status of parentage in a natural child
Fatemeh Nasseri Mohammad Mehdi Zareei One of the important issues in the natural child is the issue of lineage, which means whether the natural child has a lineage and can have parents or not. And does he have all the effects of legitimate descent like a legitimate son. Many opinions have been raise More One of the important issues in the natural child is the issue of lineage, which means whether the natural child has a lineage and can have parents or not. And does he have all the effects of legitimate descent like a legitimate son. Many opinions have been raised on this issue, some believe that a natural child is like an illegitimate child, which has no lineage and does not join its parents, and another group believes that a natural child, although born from a forbidden relationship, belongs to the parents and all the rules of descent are established between them. In this research, we came to the conclusion that a natural child is not an illegitimate child, he is attributed to his parents, but due to the lack of marriage relationship between his parents, he only has some traces of legitimate descent; means, the sanctity of marriage, custody, guardianship, alimony; and these children do not inherit from their parents. However, the cloned child is considered a twin with the owner of the cell, and the parents of the nucleus donor are the parents of the cloned child. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Application of ozone for reducing the microbial count of mechanically deboned chicken meat
M. H. Eskandari S. hasheminasab M. niakosari S. ShekarforoushOzone is a strong oxidant and potent disinfecting agent and it has gained a lot of applications to preserve food commodities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ozonated water on the shelf-life of mechanically deboned chicken (MDC) during storage at MoreOzone is a strong oxidant and potent disinfecting agent and it has gained a lot of applications to preserve food commodities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ozonated water on the shelf-life of mechanically deboned chicken (MDC) during storage at 4 °C. Five different MDC samples were treated with ozone (0, 0.032, 0.065, 0.098, 0.13 ppm/g) and individually wrapped and stored at 4 ± 2 °C. The samples were analyzed for chemical (peroxide value) and microbiological (aerobic mesophilic counts, psychrotrophic counts, Staphylococcus aureus counts, coliform counts and mold and yeast counts) at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days of refrigerated storage. The result showed that in comparison with the control sample, ozone treatment caused a significant (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - The probiotic and antagonistic properties of isolated lactobacilli from the intestine of free-range chickens from southwest and northwest of Iran
M. R. M. Hashemi R. Seighalani H. Alaie KordghashlaghiProbiotics as a replacement for growth promoter antibiotics and foodborne pathogens bio-control strategy are attractive in the broiler chicken industry and improve consumer food safety. This research was designed to investigate the probiotic properties of lactic acid ba MoreProbiotics as a replacement for growth promoter antibiotics and foodborne pathogens bio-control strategy are attractive in the broiler chicken industry and improve consumer food safety. This research was designed to investigate the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of local domestic chickens in Iran. In this study, the persistence of 216 lactic acid bacteria isolates was investigated to acid and bile and 13 superior isolates were selected to be identified using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Afterward, the ability of 13 selected lactobacilli isolates to control foodborne pathogens was studied. The results of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that all isolates belonged to the Lactobacillus species. Of the 13 isolates, 7, 3 and 3 isolates belonged to Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus salivarius,respectively. All of these isolates were able to tolerate pH= 3 for 3 hours and 0.3% bile salts. Three isolates belonging to L. salivarius were more effective to inhibit common Zoonotic bacteria. This study revealed that the in vitro favorable probiotic potential in some isolated lactobacilli from the native chicken digestive tract from Iran, introduce them as good candidates in probiotic supplements to improve food safety of consumer after conducting in vivo tests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Amount of silver residual in the liver, kidney and muscle of broilers chickens after administration of nanosilver
عزتاله Fathi Hafshajani فرزاد Fahami Nanosilver, as nano-particles of silver, is one of the most widely used in the field of nano- technology. The particles cause widespread use of poultry houses due to their antimicrobial properties. Application of excess material in poultry houses lead to th More Nanosilver, as nano-particles of silver, is one of the most widely used in the field of nano- technology. The particles cause widespread use of poultry houses due to their antimicrobial properties. Application of excess material in poultry houses lead to the residual of silver in muscle, liver and kidney in broiler chickens after a period of administration that it should be evaluated. In this study, 270 one-day old broiler chickens (Ross strain) were selected. The nanosilver that used in this study (nonacid) was manufactured by Chemical Bahaman Iran Co. The Concentration of nanocid was between 1 to 7 ppm. A week after end of nanosilver administration, chickens were slaughtered and liver, kidney and breast muscles (total of 36 samples for each limb) were obtained. The data was analyzed by SAS statistical program and Duncan test. Total mean residual of silver in different organs were 1.5 (ppm). The residual silver of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). There were no significant differences between residual amount of silver in the liver and muscles, but there was significant difference between kidney and other tissues. Results indicated that the amount of silver residue in the different organ was depended to the level of nanosilver consumption. These results seem to support the hypothesis that application of nanosilver must be with precaution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Attitude of broiler breeders toward the production of antibiotics-free chickens (case study: Tehran province)
آیت Behrouzi سیامک Mashayekhi Gh Asgari JafarabadiAbstract: This research aimed to investigate the attitude of broiler breeders toward the production of antibiotics-free chickens in Tehran province. The statistical population in this study included all broiler breeders (N=450) in Tehran province. Using stratified-rando MoreAbstract: This research aimed to investigate the attitude of broiler breeders toward the production of antibiotics-free chickens in Tehran province. The statistical population in this study included all broiler breeders (N=450) in Tehran province. Using stratified-random-sampling method 136 breeders were selected. The main tool for data gathering was a questionnaire contained 44 questions and items. Results showed that 52.9% of the respondents had “positive” or “relatively positive” viewpoints about the production of antibiotic-free chicken. The results also indicated that there were a significant (p < 0.05) positive relationship between the attitude of production of antibiotic-free chicken with the education level, job satisfaction, second job as well as having technical supervisor. Moreover, a significant (p < 0.01) positive relationship was observed between the participation in training courses related to the production of antibiotic-free chicken and the viewpoint of studied broiler producers. On the other hand, no significant correlation was observed between the “viewpoint of chicken producers” and the variables such as: “age”, “job background”, “frequency of progeny”, “production/non-production of antibiotic-free chicken”, “consumption/non-consumption of antibiotic-free chicken” and “knowledge on breeding the antibiotic-free chicken”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Effects of chiller on listeria monocytogenes contamination of poultry carcasses in industrial slaughterhouses of Western-Azarbaijan province
هیوا Karimi darhabi افشین Basti.AListeria spp. Has been isolated from poultry , red meat products and fish in many countries around the world. Listeria monocytogenes has been isolated from water and ice used for relating freshness of food. Chiller water could possibly increase the microbial conta MoreListeria spp. Has been isolated from poultry , red meat products and fish in many countries around the world. Listeria monocytogenes has been isolated from water and ice used for relating freshness of food. Chiller water could possibly increase the microbial contamination of poultry carcasses in slaughter-house. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of water chiller on Listeria monocytogenes contamination of poultry carcasses before and after chilling process in four industrial slaughter house of western Azarbaijan province was investigated. 180 poultry carcasses from 4 industerial slaughter house in western azarbaijan was investigated for Listeria monocytogenes befor and after chilling process using the modified Canadian version. All of the isolated belongs to the serogroup 1 and 4. Paired – samples T test indicated significant difference (P<0.05) between the contamination levels before and after chilling process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - The effect of oregano leaves on meat quality in broiler chicks
E. Rostami Gohari M. Afsharmanesh M. SamiThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of oregano leaves on meat quality in broiler chicks. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 treatment, 4 replicates of 10 chicks per replicate. The dietary treatments consisted of the 1) b MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of oregano leaves on meat quality in broiler chicks. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 treatment, 4 replicates of 10 chicks per replicate. The dietary treatments consisted of the 1) basal diet without additives, 2) basal diet containing 200 mg virginamycin/kg diet, 3,4) basal diet contain 0.1 and 0.2 percent oregano leaves, respectively. The quality parameters were measured included: Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), pH, water hold capacity, dripping loss and cooking loss. Data from the experiment were analyzed in a completely randomized design by SAS software and comparison means were performed with using of Duncan's multiple range tests at 5% level. The result showed that feeding with different levels oregano leaves caused reduction of TBA, dripping loss and cooking loss (P<0.05). Meat pH in chicks that receiving oregano leaves was higher than the control and antibiotic group and the maximum (W.H.C) was observed in the treatment receiving oregano leaves(P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - The effects of Mentha pulegium and Zataria multiflora on growth and carcass specifications and gut microbial count in broiler chickens
مسعود Godarzi N. Choobkar فروغ MohammadiRecently, the use of medicinal plantsas growth promoters, appetizers, immunological boosters and antimicrobial substances has increased in poultry industry. In this regard, the effect of Zataria multifloraand Mentha pulegium on growth characteristics, carcass quality an MoreRecently, the use of medicinal plantsas growth promoters, appetizers, immunological boosters and antimicrobial substances has increased in poultry industry. In this regard, the effect of Zataria multifloraand Mentha pulegium on growth characteristics, carcass quality and gut microbial count of broiler chickens were investigated. This research was carried out in a completely randomized design with 120 broiler chickens of Ross strain in 4 different feed treatment groups and 3 replicates consisting of 10 chickens each. The treatment groups consisted of T1 (Control) fed with basic diet (without plants), T2 fed with basic diet containing 200 mg/kg of dried Mentha pulegium, T3 fed with diet containing 200 mg/kg of dried Zataria multiflora and T4 fed with diet containing a mixture of 200 mg/kg dried Zataria multiflora and 200 mg/kg dried Mentha pulegium for 6 weeks. All chickens were weighed weekly and at the end of the experimental period, growth characteristics including carcass weight, thigh weight and breast weight and intestinal microbial total count were measured in each group. The results were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s post-hoc test in SPSS 19. The results showed that the mean weight, the weight of thighs and breasts between treatment groups were not statistically significant but the intestinal bacterial count was decreased by these supplements (p<0.05). The maximum microbial load was observed in the control group (T1). Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of these supplements in chicken feed reduces intestinal microbial counttherefore organic and safe meat production can be expected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - The effect of in ovo injection of different DL-methionine to L-lysine ratios on small intestinal histomorphology and immune system organs in day-old broiler chicks
Marziyeh Ebrahimi Roya Ghochkhani Masoud Adibmoradi Zolfaghar RajabiEarly development of small intestine can cause higher growth rate in hatchlings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of different ratios ofDL-methionine to L-lysine on small intestinal histomorphology and immune system organs MoreEarly development of small intestine can cause higher growth rate in hatchlings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of different ratios ofDL-methionine to L-lysine on small intestinal histomorphology and immune system organs of day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks. In this experiment, 210 fertile Ross 308 broiler breeder eggs were randomly assigned into 7 experimental groups including 30 individual eggs per group. Treatment groups included: sham control (non-injected), control (1ml distilled water), 40.5, 45.5, 50.5, 55.5, and 60.5% DL-methionine to L-lysine ratios which were injected into the amnion at 14 d of incubation. On day 22, hatched chicks were weighed and slaughtered in order to evaluate the characteristics of small intestine and immune system organs. Based on the results of the present experiment, the effects of in ovo injection with different DL-methionine to L-lysine ratios on weight and relative weight of ileum, ileum length, weight and relative weight of small intestine, length and relative length of small intestine were significant (p<0.01) and elevatory. Also, significant effect (p<0.05) of treatments was observed on crypt diameter (except for duodenum), crypt depth, villus height, and villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. On the other hand, immune system organs were not affected by the treatments. The overall results of the present study showed that in ovo injection from 40.5 to 50.5% of DL-methionine to L-lysine ratio improved small intestinal growth and histomorphology in broiler chicks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Isolation and identification of Helicobacter pullorum from cecal content and liver of broiler poultry referred to veterinary clinics in Tabriz using culture and PCR methods
Seyed mohammad Alavi shoushtari Afshin Javadi Golamreza Zarrini Hamid Mirzaei Shahram HanifianThe potential role of Helicobacter pullorum as an emerging cause of foodborne infection and a common disease between humans and livestock has been proven. This bacterium has been isolated from the contents of the cecum, liver and duodenum of laying and broiler poultry, MoreThe potential role of Helicobacter pullorum as an emerging cause of foodborne infection and a common disease between humans and livestock has been proven. This bacterium has been isolated from the contents of the cecum, liver and duodenum of laying and broiler poultry, as well as from the contents of the digestive system and bile ducts in human cases of gastro-intestinal inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate Helicobacter pullorum infection in broiler poultry with symptoms of enteritis referred to one of the poultry clinics in Tabriz city. For this purpose, 70 samples of cecal contents and 70 liver samples from 14 broiler flocks were evaluated using bacterial culture and PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) methods. Based on the findings, 10 cecal content samples from 2 different herds were positive for the presence of Helicobacter pullorum bacteria in culture and molecular PCR tests, while none of the liver samples were positive in this respect. Considering the role of Helicobacter pullorum in causing mortality and damages in poultry farms and its related economic importance and the possibility of causing secondary carcass contamination during the slaughter due to presence of the bacterium in the digestive system of poultry as well as the zoonotic nature of the disease, therefore the above bacterium should always be considered as a health risk factor threatening the health of consumers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - The effect of combination of probiotic, lactase enzyme and special antibodies on growth factors and histomorphology of small intestine in broiler chickens
Mir Hamed Sarvgad Afshin ZakeriImprovement of the immune system response along with increase in performance and growth factors are important goals of the modern poultry industry. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of combination of probiotic, lactase enzyme and special antibodies on im MoreImprovement of the immune system response along with increase in performance and growth factors are important goals of the modern poultry industry. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of combination of probiotic, lactase enzyme and special antibodies on improving the small intestinal histomorphology and growth factors in broiler chickens. For this purpose, 96 broilers (Ross 308) were distributed randomly into two groups of 48 with 4 replicates of 12 chicks. In the experimental group, two grams of the test compound was used in water for 42 days. All birds were weighed at the end of each week in order to investigate their growth factors. For histomorphological characterization, two broilers from each replicate were selected and the entire small intestine was removed and sent to the histology lab. The results indicated a significant difference in growth factors between the two groups from the third to the sixth week (p<0.01). Crypt depth, villi height, thickness of muscular and mucosal layers and the number of goblet cells in different parts of the intestine was significantly different between the two groups (p<0.01). The results showed that this compound can improve intestinal histomorphology and increase nutrient absorption and efficiency of food and improve growth factors therefore it seems that its use can improve the standard of growth in the poultry industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - The effects of different levels of arginine on cecum microbial population and serum antioxidant properties of healthy and coccidia-challenged broiler chicks
ّfatemeh Izadi ghoulam Ali moghaddam Ahmad Nematollahi monireh khordad mehr Mahdi Abbasabadi Hadi GhanbarzadehCocidiosis causes annual economic losses in industrial poultry farms and nutritional strategies can alleviate these losses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of arginine on cecum microbial population and serum antioxidant proper MoreCocidiosis causes annual economic losses in industrial poultry farms and nutritional strategies can alleviate these losses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of arginine on cecum microbial population and serum antioxidant properties of healthy and Eimeria-challenged broiler chicks. Experimental treatments included healthy and challenged broiler chicks fed with 85, 100, 125 and 150% of the recommended arginine. To conduct bacterial culture, samples were collected aseptically from cecum during slaughter (on days 21 and 42). The levels of antioxidant and oxidant factors and nitric oxide were also assessed in the serum of broiler chicks. The chicks which had received 125 and 150% of arginine showed lower E. coli population and higher population of lactobacillus, total bacteria, bifidiobacteria and pH in the cecum (p < /em><0.05), but entrococous population was not influenced (p < /em>>0.05). Eimeria challenge decreased the level of glutathione peroxidase, super oxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity and increased the levels of malondialdehyde (p < /em><0.05), but inclusion of arginine in the levels of 125 and 150% only increased the level of glutathione peroxidase (p < /em><0.05), and did not have any effect on other parameters (p < /em><0.05). In summary, consumption of arginine in higher levels (125 and 150%) decreased the pathogenic population and increased the beneficial bacteria and the level of glutathione peroxidase in Eimeria-challenged broiler chicks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Metastatic adenocarcinoma in a layer chicken flock (case report)
saeed seifi ali afzali larijaniIn hens, spontaneous tumors of the ovary and, less frequently, of the oviduct, are common. Leiomyoma and oviduct adenocarcinoma are the most common tumors of the reproductive tract in laying hens. The present article, reports a metastatic adenocarcinoma in an 80 week ol MoreIn hens, spontaneous tumors of the ovary and, less frequently, of the oviduct, are common. Leiomyoma and oviduct adenocarcinoma are the most common tumors of the reproductive tract in laying hens. The present article, reports a metastatic adenocarcinoma in an 80 week old commercial layer chicken flock in second-cycle of egg production in Mazandaran province. Eight dead layer hens were referred to division of avian diseases of Amol University. On necropsy examination, the mesentery and serosal surface of the intestine was studded with grayish white nodules. The ovary contained varying sizes of multiple single to lobulated grayish white nodules. Also, ascites were seen in some cases. Tissue samples were taken and placed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Microscopically, cuboidal neoplastic cells were arranged in acinar and tubular pattern in the serosal layer of intestine. The cells appeared as variable sized cuboidal cells with indistinct cell borders, eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, round nuclei, indistinct nucleoli and fine chromatin granules. The intestinal nodules showed neoplastic cells and structures similar to those of the ovary tumor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - The effect of different levels of Valine in low protein diets on cellular and humoral immunity of broiler chickens
Khosrow Parsaeimehr Mohsen Daneshyar Parviz Farhoomand Hosein Janmohammadi Majid OlyayeeDifferent levels of valine in low protein diets have a significant effect on the immune system of broiler chickens. This experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of different levels of valine in low protein diets on the immune response of broiler chickens. This s MoreDifferent levels of valine in low protein diets have a significant effect on the immune system of broiler chickens. This experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of different levels of valine in low protein diets on the immune response of broiler chickens. This study was conducted using 200 one-day old male broilers of Ross 308 strain in a completely randomized design with 5 replicates and 10 birds per replicate. Experimental treatments were adjusted based on the Brazilian tables and included: control diet with recommended levels of valine, 10% higher than the recommended level of valine and 20% higher than the recommended level of valine diluted in a diet containing 2% protein. The results showed that different levels of valine had no significant effect on the weight of liver, spleen, fabricius bursa and leukocytes (p<0.05). Diets containing 20% valine significantly increased the HI antibody and humoral immunity responses (p<0.05). The initial total antibody response was not affected by the experimental treatments (p<0.05). But the level of 20% valine significantly increased the total secondary response and IgM secondary response to SRBC (p<0.05). Moreover the addition of valine had a significant effect on the injection reaction of PHA-P (p<0.05), and level of 20% valine, significantly increased the cellular immunity of broilers in comparison to the control treatment and lower valine levels. In the present study, the addition of high levels of valine in low-protein diets improved the cellular and humoral immunity of broiler chickens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Detection of reoviruses in proventriculitis of broiler chickens in Isfahan province by RT-PCR method and pathological evaluation of related lesions
Sara Karimi Majid Gholami-AhangaranProventriculitis is a disease characterized by enlargement of the proventriculus. Several factors including infectious and non-infectious agents play a role in its development. Reoviruses could be considered as a main causal agent of proventriculitis in chickens. Based MoreProventriculitis is a disease characterized by enlargement of the proventriculus. Several factors including infectious and non-infectious agents play a role in its development. Reoviruses could be considered as a main causal agent of proventriculitis in chickens. Based on clinical evidence and reports of the prevalence of reovirus infection in poultry farms in Iran, the enlargement of proventriculus and proventriculitis may be related to the reovirus infections. In the present study, to detect reoviruses in the proventriculus samples, the S1 gene was amplified by RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction). According to the findings, out of 75 proventriculus samples collected from 15 broiler farms with large proventriculus in Isfahan province, 46 samples (61.33% of the samples) and 10 farms (66.66% of the studied farms) were positive for reovirus based on the amplification of the 532 bp fragment related to the S1 gene. The collected proventriculi were all macroscopically larger than normal and had more thickness. The area connecting the proventriculus to the gizzard was loose and lacked sufficient consistency. In addition, the mucosal layer of the proventriculus was slimy and contained yellow secretions. In all the histopathological sections related to positive samples, necrosis along with inflammatory cells were visible in the superficial and deep glands of the proventriculus. In general, it seems that there is infection with reoviruses in broiler chickens of Isfahan province and this infection can play a role in causing the inflammation and enlargement of the proventriculus, therefore, necessary measures should be taken to control and prevent this infection in broiler chickens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Evaluation of the antibacterial property of Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil following the experimental exposure of broilers to Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC: 14028) and its ability to prevent tissue complications in the small Int
Younes Anzabi یوسف Doustar Shayan Doolat-AbadiIn order to apply the use of plant essential oils in complementary medicine, it is necessary to investigate their effects in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the laboratory, animal model and also pay attention to their possible side effects. Therefore, th MoreIn order to apply the use of plant essential oils in complementary medicine, it is necessary to investigate their effects in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the laboratory, animal model and also pay attention to their possible side effects. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of garden thyme essential oil on Salmonella Typhimurium and to evaluate its ability to prevent possible side effects caused by experimental exposure to the mentioned bacterium. For this purpose, 35 pieces of 14-day-old male broiler chickens were divided into 5 groups of 7 including healthy control, gavage control, and experimental patient, treated with garden thyme essential oil and treated with Oxytetracycline. First day 0.5 ml of Salmonella Typhimurium microbial suspension and the next day, separately 1 ml of garden thyme essential oil and Oxytetracycline to all the chickens of the third to fifth groups and also 1 ml of sterile distilled water was gavage to the chickens of the second group twice a day with a time interval of 12 hours for 7 days. At the end of each stage, the microbial count of the stool samples was performed and at the end of the period, after the easy killing of the chickens, the pathological examination of the small intestine and liver samples of all birds was performed. The result is that the chickens that were treated with oxytetracycline had a significant decrease in the excretion and colonization of Salmonella Typhimurium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Histopathological evaluation of the effect of Sulfamide+Trimethoprim administration on renal tissue in broiler chickens
یوسف Doustar عادل Feizi داریوش Mohajeri M.H Khayat-Nouri M.H Mohammad pour, M.HAdministration of sulfonamides adversely affects renal tissue in human beings and animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the histopathological changes in renal tissue of broiler chickens following administration of Sulfamide+Trimethoprim. In this study, 2 MoreAdministration of sulfonamides adversely affects renal tissue in human beings and animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the histopathological changes in renal tissue of broiler chickens following administration of Sulfamide+Trimethoprim. In this study, 240 healthy 3 weeks old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to two equal groups. In the treatment groups, sulfonamide +Trimethoprim were administered at a dose of 20ml in 800lit of drinking water for 3 days while no drag was administered in the control group. After 72 hours, tissue samples were collected from the kidneys of the broiler chickens and 5µm thick sections were prepared from specimens fixed in 10% buffered formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the TUNEL technique. Histopathological examination of the renal tissue in the treatment group indicated the presence of necrosis and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells, congestion, hemorrhage and glomerolopathy. The difference between the treatment and control groups in the severity of renal pathological changes was significant (p<0.001). The result of this study indicates that the drag Sulfamide+Trimethoprim is capable of causing renal tissue damages through induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Effect of Cinnamon extract on COX-2 gene expression level in liver and lipid profile alterations in serum of healthy broiler chickens and those infected with E. coli
seyedmahmoud Tabatabaei reza Badalzadeh reza Mohammadnezhad bahman YousefiThe use of herbal medicine instead of antibiotics for treatment of livestock and poultry disease could have many beneficial implication due to their multiplex activities. This study has investigated the effects of cinnamon extract on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expres MoreThe use of herbal medicine instead of antibiotics for treatment of livestock and poultry disease could have many beneficial implication due to their multiplex activities. This study has investigated the effects of cinnamon extract on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression level in liver and lipid profile alterations in serum of healthy and Escherichia coli infested broiler chickens. Ninety Ross-308 broilers in healthy or E.coli-infected groups were received normal diet or diet supplemented with cinnamon extract in concentrations of 100 or 200 mg/kg of diet. E. coli suspension (108cfu/ml) was injected subcutaneously after 12 days of cinnamon administration. Seventy-two hours after E. coli injection, blood samples were taken for analysis of lipid profile alterations in serum, and then liver tissue samples were obtained for detection of COX-2 gene expression using real-time PCR. Infection with E. coli significantly decreased the levels of COX-2 gene expression as well as some variables of lipid profile including triglyceride level as compared with the control group (p<0.05). Pre-administration of cinnamon extract in broilers diet (in both concentrations) significantly reduced the tissue levels of COX-2 gene expression and triglyceride levels in serum of broiler chickens infected with E. coli in comparison with E. coli-alone group (p<0.05). The cinnamon extract could not induce statistically significant effects on the tested parameters in healthy broilers. Thus, pre-administration of cinnamon extract in diets of broiler chickens may be capable of reducing the inflammatory and oxidative injuries induced by pathologic conditions such as infection with E. coli. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Incidence of ascites in broilers affected by respiratory syndrome in Isfahan and Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiyari provinces
majid gholami ahangaran ezzatollah Gholami-Ahangaran houman kamali For comparison of the incidence rate of ascites in broilers affected by respiratory syndrome in Isfahan (ISF) and Chaharmaha-va-bakhtiari (CMB) provinces, 74 broiler chicken flocks in ISF and 27 broiler chicken flocks in CMB were monitored along growing per More For comparison of the incidence rate of ascites in broilers affected by respiratory syndrome in Isfahan (ISF) and Chaharmaha-va-bakhtiari (CMB) provinces, 74 broiler chicken flocks in ISF and 27 broiler chicken flocks in CMB were monitored along growing period during 2010-2012. Results showed the frequency of ascites incidence in CMB was significantly higher than ISF (p<0.05). The analysis of data showed that there was a significant relationship between respiratory syndrome and ascites syndrome incidence in broiler chickens (p<0.05) but there was no relationship between ascites and location after respiratory syndrome. Furthermore, the percent of ascites incidence after respiratory syndrome in CMB was significantly higher than ISF (p<0.05). It seems that broiler chickens in CMB, due to some risk factors such as high altitude and low temperature, were highly susceptible to ascites after respiratory syndrome in comparison to ISF and it is necessary to apply specific nutritional and hygienic management measures of broiler flocks in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Effect of supplementing ascorbic acid, vitamin E and betaine on the performance, immune response and blood parameters in broiler
S.M MotamediIn order to investigate the effects of vitamins C and E and betaine on performance, immune response and blood parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was conducted with completely randomized block design consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 30 chicks i MoreIn order to investigate the effects of vitamins C and E and betaine on performance, immune response and blood parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was conducted with completely randomized block design consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 30 chicks in each replicate. The groups were assigned to receive the treatment diets as follows: diet with no feed additive (control); diet supplemented with vitamin C; diet supplemented with vitamin E; diet supplemented with betaine; diet supplemented with vitamin E and betaine; diet supplemented with vitamin E, vitamin C and betaine. Body weight, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality were determined over the course of the experiment. At 35 days of age, two birds per replicate were randomly selected and 2 ml blood sample was collected to measure plasma concentration of T3 and T4 hormones. IgM and IgG antibody response to SRBC were also determined at 28 days of age. Body weight, FI and FCR were not affected by different treatments over the course of the study. Broilers fed diet supplemented with vitamin C, vitamin E and betaine showed the highest survival percentage and production index as compared with the other treatments. But it was not significantly different with the control group. IgM and IgG antibody response to SRBC, hematocrit percentage and plasma concentration of T3 and T4 also were not affected by different dietary treatments. The results of this experiment showed that there were no significant differences among the treatments in the performance, immune response and blood parameters of broiler chicken. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Comparative study of the effect of Immunowall and Avilamycin on antibody titre against Newcastle B1 vaccine in broiler chickens
افشین Zakeri سعید Charkhkar Sh Zakeri بهرام Reihani The purpose of the present study was to comparatively investigate the effect of Avilamycin and Immunowall on the improvement of humoral immunity in boiler chickens. In this study, 360 cobb broiler chickens were divided into three similar groups More The purpose of the present study was to comparatively investigate the effect of Avilamycin and Immunowall on the improvement of humoral immunity in boiler chickens. In this study, 360 cobb broiler chickens were divided into three similar groups of 120 chickens with four replicates of 30 chickens in each group. In the first and second experimental groups, 1 kg/ton of Immunowall and Avilamycin respectively were added to the basic diet while in the third control group only the basic diet was used. On days 9, 17 and 25 of the breeding period (corresponding to 1 day before and 7 and 14 days after the first Newcastle B1 vaccination), 40 chickens were randomly chosen in each experimental group, their blood samples collected, and then serum antibody titres of these chickens against the Newcastle vaccine were measured by HI test. After stastistical analysis using ANOVA and Duncans’s multiple range test, the results of serum antibody titres by HI test on day 9 of the breeding period was not statistically significant. The results of HI test on day 17 of the breeding period (5.01 ± 0.32, 5.27 ± 0.27 and 5.13 ± 0.20 in the control and experimental groups 1 and 2 respectively) was also statistically not significant. The HI test results on day 25 of the breeding period (5.04 ± 0.44, 5.87 ± 0.47 and 5.61 ± 0.41 in the control and experimental groups 1 and 2 respectively) indicated significant statistical differences (P<0.05) between experimental groups 1 and 2 and the conrol group. However, there were no significant differences between the two experimental groups although serum antibody titres in experimental group 1 (Immunowall) showed 0.26 log increase compared to experimental group 2 (Avilamycin). Immunowall as a natural product is notably capable of improving anti B1 antibody production in response to Newcastle B1 vaccine and as it does not leave any drug residues in poultry meat, it can be a suitable alternative to growth promoting generation of antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Determining drug resistance patterns of Clostridium perfringens isolates from acute necrotic enteritis (NE) outbreaks
حسین Nikpiran بهرام Shojadoost S.M Peighambari In this study, after separating 40 Clostridium perfringens isolates from affected broiler flocks, the antibacterial susceptibility test revealed 39 drug resistance patterns in which 95% of the isolates were distributed into 38 different patterns (one More In this study, after separating 40 Clostridium perfringens isolates from affected broiler flocks, the antibacterial susceptibility test revealed 39 drug resistance patterns in which 95% of the isolates were distributed into 38 different patterns (one isolate in each pattern) and only 5% of the isolates were placed in a single pattern (two isolates in a pattern). All 40 Clostridium perfringens isolates demonstrated resistance to chloramphenicol, vancomycin and sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprime, ranging from 0 to 17.5% while tetracycline, lincomycin and neomycin sulfate had a high level of resistance from 80 to 87.5%. Also an isolate demonstrated multiple resistance to more than 14 antibacterial compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Comparison of antibody titer against the infectious bursal disease virus following the disease with that obtained from live intermediate vaccines using indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test in broiler chicks
عادل Feizi مهران Alamdari عبدالله Yadollahi رضا Azmode In this study, antibody titer obtained from the outbreak of the infection bursal disease (IBD) was compared with the titer obtained from live intermediate vaccines by indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test in broiler chicks. A total of 450 one More In this study, antibody titer obtained from the outbreak of the infection bursal disease (IBD) was compared with the titer obtained from live intermediate vaccines by indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test in broiler chicks. A total of 450 one day old Cobb chicks were divided into 3 groups each containing 150 chicks and were kept for 42 days in the same rearing conditions. Chicks in groups 1 and 2 received Bursin-2 and D-78 vaccines respectively via drinking water n days 14 and 21. The rest of the chicks were kept as the controls (group 4) and did not receive any vaccine against the IBD. Serum samples were collected from all birds 2 weeks after the second IBD vaccination. Additional 150 serum samples were also collected from 3 broiler flocks that were affected by IBD and had a history of vaccination by the previously mentioned method, two weeks after the last clinical sings were observed (group 3). Antibody titer of the samples against the IBD virus were determined by the IHA test and the results were evaluated using ANOVA and SPSS software. The mean antibody titer obtained from Bursin-2 and D-78 vaccines were 3.19 and 3.21 respectively which is less than the titer of 6 needed for protection against the disease. The antibody titer in affected flocks was 7.19. comparison of the mean titer of the two vaccines did not show any significant difference but there was significant difference between the titer obtained from each vaccine and that of the effected flock (p<0.05). The results indicated that the titer obtained from the vaccines the manner that they were employed did not reach protective levels and there is the possibility of disease. Also the efficacy of IHA test in determining antibody titer against the IBD virus was demonstrated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - The effect of oxytetracycline on the amount of calcium and phosphorus of blood and density of bone tissue in broiler chickens
aziz Norouzi afshin zakeri seyyed esmaeil safaviThis study was designed to investigate the effects of oxytetracycline on the amount of calcium and phosphorus of blood and bone tissue density in broiler chickens. For this purpose, 72 day-old Ross chicks of, 308 strain in a completely randomized design in two groups: t MoreThis study was designed to investigate the effects of oxytetracycline on the amount of calcium and phosphorus of blood and bone tissue density in broiler chickens. For this purpose, 72 day-old Ross chicks of, 308 strain in a completely randomized design in two groups: the control group (without dietary antibiotic) and the treatment group (with a diet containing oxytetracycline 50%, 3 gr per kg of diet) with 6 replicates in the same environmental conditions and management were studied for 42 days. In this experiment, the diameter of femoral shaft and ratio of various tissues of the femur and skull were studied. Blood parameters included calcium and phosphorus. In the group treated with oxytetracycline, femur shaft diameter was significantly decreased with the addition of drug to diet (p<0.01). Also the trabeculaes in the femur shaft and skull significantly decreased (p<0.01). In the group treated with oxytetracycline, the bone marrow of femur and skull significantly increased (p<0.01). The effect of oxytetracycline on cartilage of skull was no significant. The addition of oxytetracycline, to diet had no significant effect on calcium and phosphorus of blood. The results showed that oxytetracycline reduced absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestine and reduced bone density. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - The effect of the additive containing Artichoke extract (APC) on growth performance, blood cholesterol level, carcass characteristics and immune system of broiler chickens
farang Rouzmehr ardeshir mohit mahmoud KoshSekeh mohammad hassanzade In order to investigate the effect of different levels of the additive containing Artichoke premix concentrated (APC) on growth performance, serum cholesterol level, carcass characteristics and immune responses of broilers two separate trials were conducted More In order to investigate the effect of different levels of the additive containing Artichoke premix concentrated (APC) on growth performance, serum cholesterol level, carcass characteristics and immune responses of broilers two separate trials were conducted. In the first trial, APC was added at three levels of 0, 100 and 200 gr/ton diet during the first 21 days of growing period. One hundred and fifty unsexed day old broiler chickens of Ross strain were randomly divided in three groups with 5 replicate of 10 chicks in each cage, by a completely randomized design. At the end of each week, the birds were weighed individually and feed conversion ratios calculated. In order to determine serum cholesterol level, at day 21 blood sample was taken from 15 chickens per treatment. At the end of the 42nd day, 5 birds from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered for investigation of carcass characteristics. In the second trial, the effects of APC at 150gr/ton feed were studied on growth parameters and immune function of broiler chickens in a commercial farm. The results showed that application of APC in a level of 200 gr/ton diet significantly increased body weight of chickens at the first (p<0.01) and sixth weeks (p<0.05) of age. Feed conversion ratio was improved significantly during the 0-7 (p<0.01), 0-21 (p<0.05) and 0-42 (p<0.01) days. The blood cholesterol level significantly (p<0.01) decreased in group of chickens that were fed APC in the diet when compared with the control birds. The carcass characteristics showed a significant increase (p<0.01) in average live weight, carcass weight, thigh and breast weights of Arc fed birds compared with the control birds, as treatment with APC significantly decreased abdominal fat of treated birds (p<0.05). On the other hand in the commercial farm conditions, APC cause improved growth performance and immune responses of broiler chickens but such improvements were not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Comparison of serum antibody titer of 8 types of commercial live infectious bronchitis vaccine in broiler chickens
saman mahdavi afshin zakeri yuosef MehmannavazThe aim of this study was to compare the serum antibody titer of 8 types of commercial live infectious bronchitis vaccines in broiler chickens. Three hundred and twenty one-day-old male broiler chickens (308 Ross strain) were divided into 8 groups (each group comprised MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the serum antibody titer of 8 types of commercial live infectious bronchitis vaccines in broiler chickens. Three hundred and twenty one-day-old male broiler chickens (308 Ross strain) were divided into 8 groups (each group comprised of 3 replicates) randomly. At 8 days of age, each treatment group received different types of live infectious bronchitis vaccine by eye-drop method. Twelve birds from each group were randomly chosen and blood sample was taken on the 22nd and 29th days of experimental period and ELISA test was performed on sera for detection of sample antibody titer. The mean of serum antibody titer against infectious bronchitis vaccines among treatment groups on the 22nd day of experimental period showed statistical significance between the group that had received HIPRAVIAR Colon/ H120 and the groups that had received Nobilis Ma5+ Clone30, H120 and Cevac Vitabron L (p<0.05) but no statistical significance was seen between the other treatment groups. The mean of serum antibody titer against infectious bronchitis vaccines among treatment groups on the 29th day of experimental period showed no statistical significance between the treatment groups. The comparison of serum antibody titer against infectious bronchitis vaccines in treatment groups between the 22nd and 29th day of experimental period showed statistical significance between the groups that had received Gallivax IB88, Nobilis Ma5+Clone30 and Cevac Vitabron L (p<0.05) but there were no statistical significance between the other treatment groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - The effects of L-carnitine and type of fat on carcass characteristics and immune response of broiler chickens
khosro Parsaeimehr habib Cheraghi saeid hosseinzade mohammad Afrouziyeh abbasali Ahmadie Naghdehi Two hundred and forty one-day-old male broilers (Ross-308) in 6 treatments with 4 replicates and 10 birds in each replicate were used in this experiment. Dietary treatments consisted of: 1)diet with 5% vegetable oil (T1), 2) diet with 5% vegetable oil + 300 More Two hundred and forty one-day-old male broilers (Ross-308) in 6 treatments with 4 replicates and 10 birds in each replicate were used in this experiment. Dietary treatments consisted of: 1)diet with 5% vegetable oil (T1), 2) diet with 5% vegetable oil + 300mg/kg L-carnitine (T2), 3)diet with 5% animal fat (T3), 4)­­diet with 5% animal fat + 300mg/kg L-carnitine (T4), 4)­diet whit mixed vegetable and animal fat (equal to 2.5%) (T5), 5)­ diet whit mixed vegetable and animal fat (equal to 2.5%) + 300mg/kg L-carnitine (T6). The diets with L-carnitine showed a significant effect on body weight in grower and whole growth period (p<0.05). Also adding L-carnitine in the diet increased carcass weight, leg and Breast meat and reduced abdominal fat (p<0.05). Adding L-carnitine in the diet had a significant effect on heart, liver, fabricious boursa, thymus and spleen weight (p<0.05). But adding L-carnitine in the diet had no significant effect on glucose, protein, albumin and globulins of blood (p>0.05). Also adding L-carnitine had a significant effect on HI Newcastle titer on the 32nd day (p<0.05) but it had no significant effect on HI Newcastle titer on the 42nd day (p>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - The effect of different levels of date meals on cockerles performance
فرشید Kheiri جواد Pourreza مصطفی Faghani یاسر RahimiyanIn order to study the effect of replacing different levels of date meal to corn, 180 one-day-old male broiler Ros308 chicks with 5 treatments and 3 replicates were used. The chicks had free access to food and water during the experimental period. Five experimental treat MoreIn order to study the effect of replacing different levels of date meal to corn, 180 one-day-old male broiler Ros308 chicks with 5 treatments and 3 replicates were used. The chicks had free access to food and water during the experimental period. Five experimental treatments were as follows: the first treatment (control group) consisted of the diet which lacked date meal, the second treatment was the diet which contained %5 of date meal which replaced corn, the third treatment was the diet which contained %10 of date meal, in the fourth treatment %15 date meal was used and in the fifth treatment %20 of date meal was used. In this experiment, feed consumption, average daily gain, feed conversion and the measurement of the metabolism energy were recorded after the end of each week and the broiler chicks were weighted each week. At the end of the experimental period two broilers from each pen were selected, killed and then dressing percentage, abdominal fat (the fat around the cloaca and gizzard), intestines, gizzard, spleen, pancreas, liver and gall-bladder were measured. The best average daily gain was observed in the group which had %15 date meal. Maximum feed consumption was observed in the group with %5 date meal and minimum feed consumption in the control group. The most body weight gain was related to %15 replacement group and the most dressing percentage was related to %15 replacement of the date meal group. The most fecal moisture was related to %20 date meal. Considering intestinal histopathological study, the diet containing %10 date meal had the least effect on intestinal thickness. According to the results, 15% is the best level of date meal inclusion in the diet of cockerels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Comparative survey on ascites syndrome incidence rate in Ross and Arbor –acres varieties broiler chicks
عادل Feizi کامروز KaboliAscites syndrome is an abnormal increase of non-inflammatory transudate in one or more of the peritoneal cavities or potential spaces. Ascites syndrome is considered as a main problem in broiler raising industry. Hypoxia is the factor for increase pulmonary blood pressu MoreAscites syndrome is an abnormal increase of non-inflammatory transudate in one or more of the peritoneal cavities or potential spaces. Ascites syndrome is considered as a main problem in broiler raising industry. Hypoxia is the factor for increase pulmonary blood pressure because of ascites syndrome in broilers. In this study, 120 pieces Ross variety broilers and 120 pieces Arbor-acres broilers were divided into two groups involving three with forty parts repetition. Raising conditions such as temperature, hum density, nutrition, vaccination and water were the same. In order to increase sensitivity broilers to ascites syndrome, pellet and cold stress were applied. For doing so, from 7 un days 16ºc was applied, then temperature reached to 22ºc and fixed until raising period. Ascites syndrome incidence rate in Arbor-acres chicks was more than Ross chicks. Hematocrite parameter was increased in Arbor-acres chicks from third weeks relative to Ross broilers it is meaningful in 35th day (p<0.05). At the end of 42 days period, there is a no meaningful difference in hematocrite between two groups. There is a meaningful increase in growth of Arbor-acres broiler relative to Ross in weeks 4&6 (p<0.05), So, a meaningful difference was not considered in conversion coefficient between both breed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Detection of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (4/91 type) in Broiler Chickens in Chahrmahal-va-bakhtiyari Province
مجید Gholami-Ahangaran A.M Shoushtari عباس Doosti E.A Fathi Hafshejani نوشا Zia-JahromiInfectious bronchitis (IB) disease is a viral contagious respiratory disease. The causing agent of this disease has several serotypes. In this study, 4/91 type of Infectious bronchitis (IB) was identified. For this, tracheal samples were taken from 18 broiler chickens f MoreInfectious bronchitis (IB) disease is a viral contagious respiratory disease. The causing agent of this disease has several serotypes. In this study, 4/91 type of Infectious bronchitis (IB) was identified. For this, tracheal samples were taken from 18 broiler chickens flocks having respiratory signs suspected to IB disease with one percent mortality in day. After RNA extraction from tissue samples in one step RT-PCR reaction, a fragment of S1 gene was amplified by common primers for all IB viruses. Then RT-PCR product was amplified for identification of 4/91(793/B) type by type specific primers in Nested-PCR. Results showed, 11 out 18 flocks (61.1%) were infected to IB that 45.45% of IB infected flocks were infected to 4/91 type. Therefore it seems 4/91 type of IB has role in forming and complexing of respiratory signs in broiler chickens suffering to respiratory syndrome in Chahrmahal-va-bakhtiyari province and it is necessary to give a suitable controlling strategy for prevention of 4/91 infection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Comparative survey on ascites syndrome incidence rate in broiler chickens infected and non-infected by infectious bronchitis
عادل Feizi کامروز KaboliInfectious Bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of chickens characterized by gasping, coughing, tracheal rales and nasal discharge. Infected chickens have congestion in trachea and lungs with caseous exudates exudates in the trachea in MoreInfectious Bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of chickens characterized by gasping, coughing, tracheal rales and nasal discharge. Infected chickens have congestion in trachea and lungs with caseous exudates exudates in the trachea in post mortem examination. Ascites syndrome is a significant cause of mortality in broiler chickens. Gross lesions of this syndrome are cardiac enlargement, hydropericard and ascites. Infectious Bronchitis virus induces repiratory damage and causes ascites in broilers. In this study eight broiler farms that were infected to infectious Bronchitis selected. Blood samples were collected at the onset of infection and ELISA Test was applied for confirmation of infectious Bronchitis. In each farm autopsy was applied, causes of mortality recorded and also feed conversion ratio, total weight and feed consumption were calculated. The percentage of ascites mortality in chickens that were infected to infectious Bronchitis increased significantly than the control chickens. In eight infectious bronchitis infected famrs, percentage ascites mortality was 3% and in non-infected chickens was 0.5%. Total weight in infected (IB) chickens was significantly lower than in healthy chickens. Feed conversion ratio in infected chickens was higher than healthy chickens. There is a positive correlation between Infectious Bronchitis and the rate of ascites incidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Survey of seroprevalence of Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale infection in slaughtered broiler chickens in Maragheh,Eastern Azerbaijan-Iran
سامان Mahdavi مهدی Ghyami rad یوسف MehmannavazOr­nithobacterium rhinotracheale has been known as a relatively recently discovered pathogenic bacterial agent in broiler and turkey flocks and it causes economic losses to the poultry industryannually. The purpose of this study was survey of seroprevalence of Or&sh MoreOr­nithobacterium rhinotracheale has been known as a relatively recently discovered pathogenic bacterial agent in broiler and turkey flocks and it causes economic losses to the poultry industryannually. The purpose of this study was survey of seroprevalence of Or­nithobacterium rhinotrachealeinfection in slaughtered broiler chickens in slaughter house of Maragheh, eastern Azerbaijan-Iran. By referring to poultry industrial slaughter house of Maragheh and recording the location of poultry house and the name of the city, a total of 270 blood samples were randomly taken from broiler flocks and then the samples were transferred to laboratory for gaining their sera. ELISA test was performed on sera. A total of 270 samples ( from 27 different flocks) were taken from poultry industrial slaughter house of Maragheh, 10 serum samples( 3.7%) were positive , 29 serum samples (10.75%) were suspect and 231 serum samples ( 85.55%) were negative. This seroprevalence is less than previous reports of other provinces in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - The effect of heat stress on some blood parameters, biochemical values and humoral immunity in Broiler Chickens
عادل Feizi فرهاد Dadian ساجد AsadzadehmajdiThis research was conducted to determine the effects of Heat stress on some Blood Parameters, serum Biochemical values and humoral immunity in broiler chicks. Eighty day old Cobb broilers were randomly divided into 2 equal groups of control and treatment. Both groups we MoreThis research was conducted to determine the effects of Heat stress on some Blood Parameters, serum Biochemical values and humoral immunity in broiler chicks. Eighty day old Cobb broilers were randomly divided into 2 equal groups of control and treatment. Both groups were kept under the same management, nutrition, density, ventilation and vaccination conditions. The only difference between the two groups was treatment of the last week of the breeding period (days 36-42). Which was 24 0C in the control group and 33 0C in the treatment group. At the end of the breeding period (days 42), blood samples were taken from the brachial vein of all broiler. To determine the blood parameters, part of the samples were collected in anticoagulant containing capillary tubes (1mg/ml, EDTA) and were determined immediately. The Haematocrit, Leucocyte counts and differential Leucocyte counts were determined immediately. The other portions of the brachial blood were used to determine blood PH and following centrifuging and separation of the sera, some biochemichal parameters such as Total protein and Glocose were evaluated by colorimetric method with specific kits. To determine the effect of heat stress on Humoral immiunity, serum samples were tested with HI (Haemagglutination Inhibition) method to to clarify antibody production in response to Newcastles disease vaccine. The results of this study showed that Haematocrit, Lymphocyte percentage and Total protein were significantly decreased (p<0/05), but serum levels of Glucose, blood PH, Heterophil percentage H/L and ratio was significantly increased in the treatment group (p<0.05). Evaluation of the Monocyte and Eosinophil percentage did not reveal statistically significant differences between the treatment and control groups (p>0.05). Results of Newcastle HI test showed that HI titers were significantly decreased in treatment group (p<0.05). As a result, broiler chicks subjected to heat stress are susceptible to Newcastles disease and subsequent secondary infections due to suppression of the immune system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Comparative study of antibody titers obtained from Avinew and La Sota vaccines in broiler chicks with ELISA test
adel feyzi peyman bijanzad kamrouz kaboliAbstract Newcastle disease is an important viral disease and its occurrence and virulence in Iran has increased in recent years. Therefore control of this disease through effective vaccination programs is very important. The objective of this study was to MoreAbstract Newcastle disease is an important viral disease and its occurrence and virulence in Iran has increased in recent years. Therefore control of this disease through effective vaccination programs is very important. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of La Sota and Avinew vaccines in broiler chicks. In this study, 270 day old Ross broiler chicks were divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 30 chicks in each replicate. Avinew and lasota vaccines were used in groups 1 and 2 respectively. Group 3 was the covered group and Newcastle vaccine wasn't used in this group. Breeding conditions were the same in the 3 groups and blood samples were collected the 3 groups and blood samples were collectd on days 1,14,24,34 and 44 for determination of antibody titers obtained from Newcastle vaccines using the ELISA serologic test. The results indicated that in the vaccinated groups, antibody titers increased significantly (v<0.05) after day 14 in comparison to the control group. In the control group, the antibody titer belonging to maternal immunity decreased significantly (p<0.05) after day 14 and the chicks became susceptible to Newcastle disease. Antibody titers obtained from the two vaccines significantly different (p<0.05) but due to less adverse reactions following vaccination, the Avinew vaccine is preferred over the lasota vaccine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - The Assessment of the Lived Experiences of Teachers and Students about the Role of the Ripple Effect of Leader Children in the Classroom
Mina Kam Far Mostafa SheikhzadehThe ripple effect of leader childern refers to the transfer of energy from these children to other children, which leads to change in them. The aim of study was to assess the lived experiences of teachers and students about the ripple effect of leader children on other MoreThe ripple effect of leader childern refers to the transfer of energy from these children to other children, which leads to change in them. The aim of study was to assess the lived experiences of teachers and students about the ripple effect of leader children on other students. It was a qualitative study with phenomenological method. The purposeful sampling was carried out to choose six teachers within the age range of 28 to 54 and teaching experience of 6 to 35 years, and 15 fifth grade primary school students in the district 1 of Urmia. The instrument used was semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed using the seven - srage Colaizzi method. The main themes were extracted through interviews and compared. The primary themes were exploring the characteristis of leader childeren and effecting factors, and in the next stages the following themed were found: arrogant self-confidence, sense of responsibility, ability to plan, creativity, relibility, obedience and empathy. According to the concepts extracted from the lived experience of teachers and students, it can be concluded that leader childeren dominate the hearts, are living, creative, and idealistic, movtivate others and give them incentives toward the target. Since other students find their hidden ideas and feelings in them, they try to willingly obey these leader children. Therefore, it seems possible to use this effect of leader childeren on other children in order to improve education and help teachers solve educational problems at school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - The Effect of Programming Training via Scratch Software on Student Problem Solving Skill
Somaye Razban Saeed Shahhosseini Mohsen BagheriThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of learning curriculum using Scratch software on problem-solving skills of primary school students in Farahan city in the academic year of 2012. The Scratch software helps children learn programming principles whil MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of learning curriculum using Scratch software on problem-solving skills of primary school students in Farahan city in the academic year of 2012. The Scratch software helps children learn programming principles while designing games or interactive stories. This research is of a practical nature and the criterion for collecting information is semi-experimental method. was selected from one of the girls' primary schools in Farahan city and randomly one of the classes was considered as the experimental group and the other was considered as the control group. The sample consisted of 34 primary school students, 17 in the experimental group and 17 in the control group. The instruments used in this research are Heppner problem solving questionnaires, which were used as pre-test and post-test. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used to determine the frequency and mean and inferential statistics for covariance analysis. The findings of the analysis showed that the difference between the control and control groups was statistically significant at the level of 0.05 and with a confidence level of 0.95. The results showed that programming skills with Scratch software had a significant effect on student problem solving skills. During the course, students actively engaged in solving various problems in the Scratch software, and inevitably, to solve these issues, they had to analyze the problem and test different solutions, involving students with this Challenges have improved their problem-solving skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Detection of the blood hemoglobin using an electro-optical biosensor based on a structurally chiral medium
Amir Madani Nadia Ghorani Samad Roshan Entezar -
Open Access Article
237 - بررسی عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی مؤثر بر گرایش به فرزندآوری در شهر اندیمشک با تأکید برسبک زندگی (مطالعه موردی زنان متأهل کمتر از 35 سال)
اسحق ارجمند ناهید برومندهدف از این پژوهش بررسی عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی مؤثر بر گرایش به فرزندآوری در شهر اندیمشک میباشد. دیدگاههای نوگرایی، بوردیو و گیدنز به عنوان چارچوب نظری انتخاب شدند. روش تحقیق، پیمایشی و واحد تحلیل زنان متأهل کمتر از 35 سال و سطح تحلیل، خرد است. شیوه نمونهگیری، خوشهای Moreهدف از این پژوهش بررسی عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی مؤثر بر گرایش به فرزندآوری در شهر اندیمشک میباشد. دیدگاههای نوگرایی، بوردیو و گیدنز به عنوان چارچوب نظری انتخاب شدند. روش تحقیق، پیمایشی و واحد تحلیل زنان متأهل کمتر از 35 سال و سطح تحلیل، خرد است. شیوه نمونهگیری، خوشهای چندمرحلهای و تصادفی ساده است و حجم نمونه طبق فرمول کوکران 240 نفر میباشد. ابزارگردآوری داده‏ها، پرسشنامه است. روش تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها، ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن، پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون چندمتغیره و از نرمافزار SPSS استفاده شده است. از اعتبار صوری جهت سنجش اعتبار(روایی) استفاده شد و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (اعتماد یا پایایی) سبک زندگی و گرایش به فرزندآوری به ترتیب برابر با 711/0 و 714/0 است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که بین ترجیح جنسی و گرایش به فرزندآوری رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. بین پیروی از سنت­ها، میزان تحصیلات، سبک زندگی و پایگاه اقتصادی اجتماعی با گرایش به فرزندآوری زنان رابطه منفی و معناداری وجود دارد. اما بین مؤلفههای سبک زندگی(اوقات فراغت، مصرف کالای فرهنگی و مدیریت بدن) با گرایش به فرزندآوری زنان رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. تحلیل رگرسیونی نشان میدهد که 3/17 درصد از تغییرات میزان گرایش به فرزندآوری زنان به متغیرهای مستقل(سبک زندگی، پایگاه اقتصادی اجتماعی، ترجیح جنسی و پیروی از سنت­ها) مربوط میشود و متغیرهای ترجیح جنسی و پیروی از سنت­ها تأثیر بیشتری در میزان فرزندآوری دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - مقایسه نگرش افراد مطلقه و متأهل پیرامون نقش ماهواره در انسجام خانواده
محمدرضا مزیدی محمودرضا مرتضوی علیرضا افشانیبا توجه به نقش رسانهها در عرصههای مختلف اجتماعی، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی و مقایسه نگرش افراد متأهل و مطلقه به نقش برنامههای ماهوارهای فارسی زبان در انسجام خانواده در شهر یزد پرداخته است. در تحقیق حاضر از روش پیمایش استفاده شده است. این پژوهش به لحاظ معیار زمان، مقطعی، ب Moreبا توجه به نقش رسانهها در عرصههای مختلف اجتماعی، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی و مقایسه نگرش افراد متأهل و مطلقه به نقش برنامههای ماهوارهای فارسی زبان در انسجام خانواده در شهر یزد پرداخته است. در تحقیق حاضر از روش پیمایش استفاده شده است. این پژوهش به لحاظ معیار زمان، مقطعی، به لحاظ ماهیت، کاربردی و به لحاظ معیار وسعت، پهنانگر است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق، افراد مطلقه و متأهل شهر یزد میباشد که حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران برای افراد مطلقه 211 نفر و برای افراد متأهل، 323 نفر تعیین گردید. افراد مطلقه به شیوه نمونهگیری تصادفی از لیست موجود در مرکز بهزیستی و افراد متاهل نیز بصورت خوشهای از مناطق مختلف سطح شهر یزد انتخاب شدهاند. ابزار مورد استفاده در این پژوهش، پرسشنامه بوده است که اعتبار آن به صورت محتوایی و سازهای و پایایی آن با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ به دست آمده است. در مجموع نزدیک به دو سوم پاسخگویان، بیشترین شبکه مورد تماشای خود را کانالهای فارسیزبان با موضوعات خانوادگی اعلام نمودهاند. همچنین میانگین میزان تأثیر منفی، شبکههای ماهوارهای بر انسجام خانواده از نظر نمونه آماری این تحقیق بیشتر از متوسط است ضمن اینکه افراد مطلقه و افرادی که ماهواره استفاده نمیکردند نگرش منفیتری نسبت به تأثیر ماهواره بر انسجام خانواده داشتند. هرچه پاسخگو بیشتر از شبکههای ماهوارهای فارسی زبان استفاده میکرد میزان تأثیر منفی ماهواره بر روابط زناشویی، روابط والدین و فرزندان، مناسبات خانوادگی و انسجام خانواده را کمتر ارزیابی میکرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - The Study of Social Factors Affecting the Tendency towards Childbearing among Young Women in Mazandaran Province
Majedeh Gholipour Khadijeh Ghazzani -
Open Access Article
240 - Structural Analysis and Comparison the Physical Architecture of Educational Spaces for Children, the case study: Amsterdam Center for Homeless Children and Isfahan Autism Garden
Moein Khamse Ashari Seyedeh Marzieh TabaeianAbstractThis article attempts to compare and analyze two examples of Child Care locations to create an effective step towards improving the status of unaccompanied children and children with autism by finding the right answer. Analysis and comparison have a structural i MoreAbstractThis article attempts to compare and analyze two examples of Child Care locations to create an effective step towards improving the status of unaccompanied children and children with autism by finding the right answer. Analysis and comparison have a structural impact and provide clearer answers to identify and address the needs of children who are impaired for some reason. The aim of this study is to find the same answer as a result of comparing two projects implemented in this field. As a result of the background and theoretical foundations, it is inferred that space flexibility is one of the main design factors for children. It is also necessary to use the right and diverse volumes in simplicity and intricacy, the right decorations for the child and the dynamics of the plan. In addition to all these things what is important before designing and starting research is knowing the child and his characteristics and ultimately the unaccompanied child and autism. This research has been done in a fundamental way with a qualitative nature and a descriptive _analytic method and a comparative approach. Library and field methods have been used to collect basic information, Then two case examples are evaluated and compared . To examine the samples, the indicators were first determined for comparison, and according to the description, the examination of the spaces in both samples was considered taking into account the research topic. After evaluating all the points the principles of architectural design common components and distinctions and the positive and negative points of each building were analyzed. The positive and negative points in the findings section were analytically compared to be identified in the Amsterdam unaccompanied child care center and the Isfahan autism garden.Conflict of intrest: None declared.This article attempts to compare and analyze two examples of Child Care locations to create an effective step towards improving the status of unaccompanied children and children with autism by finding the right answer. Analysis and comparison have a structural impact and provide clearer answers to identify and address the needs of children who are impaired for some reason. The aim of this study is to find the same answer as a result of comparing two projects implemented in this field. As a result of the background and theoretical foundations, it is inferred that space flexibility is one of the main design factors for children. It is also necessary to use the right and diverse volumes in simplicity and intricacy, the right decorations for the child and the dynamics of the plan. In addition to all these things what is important before designing and starting research is knowing the child and his characteristics and ultimately the unaccompanied child and autism. This research has been done in a fundamental way with a qualitative nature and a descriptive _analytic method and a comparative approach. Library and field methods have been used to collect basic information, Then two case examples are evaluated and compared . To examine the samples, the indicators were first determined for comparison Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Evaluation study of the principles of Pirnia with Maria Montessori in year-old recognizing the quality of game space for children from 2 to 6
Hirad Hosseinian Sara KalantarThroughout the history of early childhood education , various popular patterns and approaches have emerged that are still popular. The Montessori curriculum model is one of these models that is being used in our country . The purpose of this article is to examine the ph MoreThroughout the history of early childhood education , various popular patterns and approaches have emerged that are still popular. The Montessori curriculum model is one of these models that is being used in our country . The purpose of this article is to examine the philosophical foundations of this model , and to analyze the nature of learning arising from it. For this purpose , using the regressive philosophical analytical method in the form of inferential approach , some philosophical foundations of this model were inferred and developed . These elements include ; holistic view of existence and the child and the need for holistic education, the child's individual and social aspects and emphasis on both aspects in education, the existence of spontaneous force within the child in the development path , attention to the child' s desires and the need to reveal his inner capacities , emphasis on different stages of development and provision of learning experiences tailored to the requirements of each stage , the child's freedom as a key element throughout the education process, the relative compatibility of the Montessori educational approach with the constructivist approach , providing a favorable learning environment in cooperation with nature. Then , using descriptive-analytical method , it became clear that the nature of learning in this model is similar to the findings of new research on learning that is based on competence , agency , multiple childhood and priority of children's lived experience. Toys are with the child from the birth , so that the ability of distinguishing tissues for children leads to increase information and its conformity to their surroundings. In this way, using of the child’ s sense and stimulating them , evokes the significant factors in direction of proper using from the quality of the game space. In this way and from the point of view of the Iranian culture and principle of the Iranian architecture and with using these senses , it can lead to intimacy and understanding the environment in a simple format. The individuality of the human beings has been considered in such a way that this word can lead to the understanding environmental culture for its audience. Therefore , we first tried to analyze and describe variables between principles of the Iranian architecture with theories of Maria Montessori , with an interpretive approach and consequential reasoning and understanding primary concepts in order to answer this question : “ how can find out the criteria to recognize the quality of game space for children from 2 to 6-year-old through matching Pirnia’s intellectual principles and theories of Maria Montessori? " By answering this question , the impact of the quality of the game space based on the Iranian architecture can be achieved and it is possible to boost sense of the children in the age of 2 to 6 -year -old through understanding of their surroundings , which requires a correct knowledge of the roots of Iranian architecture with education system of theorizing such as Montessori . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Architecture Education, Development of Intellectual and Cognitive skills of Preschool Children
Anahita Eskandari Fahimeh Motazedian Ahmad Mirza Kouchak KhoshnevisExtended Abstract Introduction: Education is the cornerstone upon which individual growth and societal progress are built. Its multifaceted nature extends beyond the mere transfer of knowledge, encompassing cognitive, social, and emotional development. Yet, within th MoreExtended Abstract Introduction: Education is the cornerstone upon which individual growth and societal progress are built. Its multifaceted nature extends beyond the mere transfer of knowledge, encompassing cognitive, social, and emotional development. Yet, within this expansive landscape, the integration of architectural education into early learning stands as an often overlooked but potent catalyst for transformation. This study endeavors to delve into the nuanced implications of introducing architectural concepts to preschoolers, recognizing and emphasizing their profound impact on cognitive and intellectual development during the critical formative years. Architectural education, typically associated with advanced learning stages, extends far beyond teaching design principles or spatial awareness. Its introduction in early childhood settings is poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the cognitive framework of young minds. Understanding the depth and breadth of how architectural education influences the developmental trajectory of preschoolers holds promise for redefining educational paradigms. Methodology: The methodology adopted in this study was meticulously designed to comprehensively evaluate the influence of architectural education on the cognitive development of preschoolers. From a vast national pool of 30,000 educational centers, a meticulously chosen sample of 384 preschoolers underwent stringent selection using a combination of robust methods, including the Morgan, Kersey, and Cochran techniques. Each classroom, representing diverse demographics and learning styles, actively participated in a meticulously structured study. This carefully curated sample was methodically divided into a control group and a test group. Before the commencement of the study, both groups underwent comprehensive initial assessments, ensuring a clear baseline understanding. Subsequently, the test group received dedicated architectural training, while the control group followed the standard preschool curriculum. Furthermore, the study involved in-depth face-to-face interviews employing a mosaic method, allowing for a nuanced understanding of the diverse learning styles and individual responses exhibited by these young learners. Results: The empirical findings from this exhaustive study present compelling evidence supporting a robust correlation between architectural education and the enhancement of critical cognitive skills among preschoolers. Noteworthy advancements were discerned across a spectrum of cognitive domains: heightened spatial recognition (P Value= 0.0325, F= 6.14), amplified visualization capabilities (P Value= 0.0269, F= 6.3), adeptness in spatial reconstruction (P Value= 0.0017, F= 21.307), improved orientation skills (P Value= 0.00001, F= 51.822), enhanced comprehension (P Value= 0.004, F= 14.77), and a notable surge in problem-solving aptitude (P Value= 0.039, F= 5.17) among preschoolers exposed to architectural education. Conclusion: This research illuminates the pivotal role of architectural education as a transformative force that transcends conventional paradigms of knowledge dissemination. It emerges as a catalyst profoundly shaping the cognitive landscape during the crucial formative developmental years. The exposure to architectural concepts goes beyond imparting factual information; it fosters foundational comprehension and a nuanced understanding of spatial relationships. Furthermore, it ignites creative problem-solving abilities and cultivates holistic cognitive development, providing a robust groundwork for future educational endeavors and lifelong learning. Moreover, the implications of this study extend far beyond immediate educational contexts. They underscore the pressing need for the integration of interdisciplinary approaches in early childhood education. By integrating architectural education at the preschool level, educational systems can better nurture adaptable, innovative thinkers equipped to navigate and thrive in an increasingly dynamic and innovation-driven global landscape. Keywords: Architectural Education, Preschool Children, Intellectual Skills, Cognitive Skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Reviewing On The Assessment Of Human Comfort in Considering City Minab - Tiab Bioclimatic Indices
Ahmad Ansari Lari Hajar Zarei KNowadays the evaluation of bioclimatic conditions is considered as an efficient instrument by programmers in different regions. Calmness and health of human in natural environment has a direct relationship with climate situation such as temperature, humidity, sunlight a MoreNowadays the evaluation of bioclimatic conditions is considered as an efficient instrument by programmers in different regions. Calmness and health of human in natural environment has a direct relationship with climate situation such as temperature, humidity, sunlight and sunny time. Relative temperature and humidity is introduced as an index to survey comfort and convenience of human. This study aims to investigate comfort or discomfort of human based on bioclimatic models and indices of Becker, Terjung, nervous pressure and thermo hygrometric by using statistical data of synoptic station of Minab County for Tiyab rural district during 1990 to 2011. The results arising of this study show that Tiyab region in bioclimatic position during each year has from extremely hot to keen condition in different months. Considering the survey of climatic situation of this region, we can observe growth and development steps of this region by more speed in most of development and tourism planning of this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Determination of Wind Chill index based on the climatic data in Iran
Saeed Ranjbar Gholam Ali Kamali Hooshmand Ataei Amir Gandomkarآبوهوا تأثیر بسیار مهمی در حیات و گسترش موجودات زنده بر روی کره زمین دارد.Climate is so important for the life and development of the living organisms on Earth. Among all the effects of different atmospheric variables on human comfort, the effect of combined wind Moreآبوهوا تأثیر بسیار مهمی در حیات و گسترش موجودات زنده بر روی کره زمین دارد.Climate is so important for the life and development of the living organisms on Earth. Among all the effects of different atmospheric variables on human comfort, the effect of combined wind and temperature is of particular significance.افت شدید دما همراه با وزش باد،In this study, using statistical data of minimum temperature and wind speed of the synoptic stations during the period 1374 to 1393 ,which were obtained from the Meteorological Organization, the chill wind was zoned in the country.نتایج که از تحلیل داده های 120 تا 314 ایستگاه همدید کشور استفاده شد نشان داد که آبان و فروردین را میتوان به ترتیب بهعنوان ماههای شروع و پایان سوز باد در ایران در نظر گرفت.Results that were obtained from data analysis of 120 to 314 synoptic stations (for different time intervals) showed that we can consider the months of Aban to Farvardin as the start and end of wind chill in Iran, respectively.برای روزهای آبان تا فروردین، میانگین کاهش دمای حداقل بهواسطه وزش باد به میزان 0/4 درجه سلسیوس در ماه بهمن احساس شده است.نقشه های پهنه بندی کشور که برای ماههای سرد سال(ازآبان تا فروردین) ترسیم شد، مشخص نمود که تفاوت بین حداقل دمای هوا و دمای احساسی ( سوزباد) به خوبی معنی دار است.بیشترین فراوانی سوزباد مربوط به سال 1390 با 18069 مورد از 358 ایستگاههای تحت مطالعه و کمترین آن مربوط به سال 1374 با 4322 مورد بوده است.For days of Aban to Farvardin, the average reduction in minimum temperature of 4 degrees Celsius in Bahman due to the wind blowing has been felt.Zoning maps of the country that were traced for the cold months (from Aban to Farvardin), showed that the difference between minimum air temperature and the temperature that can be felt on human body (wind chill) is meaningful as well(Level of significance is in the range of 0.51 to 0.74). The highest frequency of wind chill is related to the year of 1390 with 18088 cases from 330 stations that are under study and the lowest is related to the year of 1374 with 4321 cases.نکته قابل توجه این که هر چه از سال پایه (1374) جلو می رویم فراوانی وقوع سوزباد بیشتر شده و عملاً احساس تعداد روزهای سرد در شهرهای کشور رو به افزایش است.It should be noted that from the base year (1374) onwards ,the frequency of the wind chill occurrence has increased and the numbers of cold days because of the wind existence in the cities of the country are increasing too. by investigating the frequency of wind chill occurrence in the months which are under the study, the month of Bahman with47219 cases from 350 stations and the month of Aban with 17728 cases from 305stations, had the highest and the lowest frequency of occurrence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Effect of different Ecological patches on soil surface quality indices (case study: Sofi Chai catchment, Maragheh county)
morteza Mofidi Chelan gholamali HeshmatiAbstract To manage rangeland ecosystems, identification of their components and interactions including soil and vegetation is of great deal of importance. The present study was aimed to compare the effects of different Ecological patches on soil qualitative attributes MoreAbstract To manage rangeland ecosystems, identification of their components and interactions including soil and vegetation is of great deal of importance. The present study was aimed to compare the effects of different Ecological patches on soil qualitative attributes (stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling) using landscape function analysis model as well as to identify vegetation indices in Sofi Chai basin located at Maragheh. For sampling purpose, number of 5 transects in 50 m length in were established in downslope as per randomized-systematic method along which four Ecological patches, grasses, shrub - grass and forbs and interpatch bare soil were identified. 5 replicates of each patch were determined and eleven soil surface indices were scored as per landscape function analysis. The results show that all three indicators of stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling were differed significantly among Ecological patches. The maximum amount of stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling and the minimum one was relate to shrubs and bare soils respectively. It can be note that shrubs and shrubs-grass patches showed better performance than others. investigation of function attributes in the different Ecological patches can help to identify effective reagents for healthy rangeland vegetation and the assessment of these reagents can be faster and time and cost-effective to study soil qualitative and quantitative sustainability indicators, infiltration and soil nutrient cycling can be realized. It can serve as important step for the evaluation, management and planning future of natural ecosystems. Abstract To manage rangeland ecosystems, identification of their components and interactions including soil and vegetation is of great deal of importance. The present study was aimed to compare the effects of different Ecological patches on soil qualitative attributes (stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling) using landscape function analysis model as well as to identify vegetation indices in Sofi Chai basin located at Maragheh. For sampling purpose, number of 5 transects in 50 m length in were established in downslope as per randomized-systematic method along which four Ecological patches, grasses, shrub - grass and forbs and interpatch bare soil were identified. 5 replicates of each patch were determined and eleven soil surface indices were scored as per landscape function analysis. The results show that all three indicators of stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling were differed significantly among Ecological patches. The maximum amount of stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling and the minimum one was relate to shrubs and bare soils respectively. It can be note that shrubs and shrubs-grass patches showed better performance than others. investigation of function attributes in the different Ecological patches can help to identify effective reagents for healthy rangeland vegetation and the assessment of these reagents can be faster and time and cost-effective to study soil qualitative and quantitative sustainability indicators, infiltration and soil nutrient cycling can be realized. It can serve as important step for the evaluation, management and planning future of natural ecosystems. �ربوط به لکه بوته و کمترین مقدار آن مربوط به خاک لخت می باشد. می توان گفت لکه های بوته ها و بوته- گندمیان از ویژگیهای عملکردی بهتری نسبت به دیگر لکه ها برخوردار بودند. بررسی ویژگیهای عملکردی لکه های اکولوژیک مختلف می تواند کمک زیادی به شناسایی معرفهای گیاهی موثر در سلامت اکوسیستم نموده و با ارزیابی این معرفها می توان سریعتر و با صرف وقت و هزینه کمتری به وضعیت کیفی سطح خاک پی برد که می تواند گامی مهم برای ارزیابی، مدیریت و برنامه ریزیهای آینده در این اکوسیستم های طبیعی باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Evaluation of growth Feature of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum trees using stem analysis
jamshid eslam dost hormoz sohrabi seyed mohsen hoseyniTree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and vo MoreTree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and volume growth of two fast growing species (namely Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum). After falling down the trees, 5 centimeter thick disks at 2 meter intervals were collected and transported to the laboratory. The thickness of the annual rings was measured in two perpendicular directions up to1millimeter precision. The results showed that the highest value of the current growth of diameter of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 4 and 6 year ages, respectively, equal to 1.5 and 5.4 cm and the highest value of the current basal area growth of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 9 and 10 year ages, respectively, equal to 0.1 and 0.14 square meters. Furthermore, the highest value of the current growth of height of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 6 and 9 year ages, respectively, with value of 1.3 m 3.1 m and the highest value of the current growth in the volume of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 8 and 12 year ages, with a value of 0.094 and 0.1 cubic meters, respectively. Finally, there would be concluded that both of these species in such sites can meet the environmental needs such as green spaces as well as economic goals such as commercial wood product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Effect of chitosan and nano-chitosan on agronomic properties and omega-3, 6 and 9 fatty acids in some cultivars of Nigella sativa L. under drought stresscondition
Atena Alaghmand shahab khaghani Mohamad Reza Bihamta masoud Gomarian Mansour GhorbanpourAbstract Water stress is one of the limiting factors of plant growth. In order to investigate the effect of chitosan and nano-chitosan on Nigella sativa L. under drought stress, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in research MoreAbstract Water stress is one of the limiting factors of plant growth. In order to investigate the effect of chitosan and nano-chitosan on Nigella sativa L. under drought stress, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in research Field of Islamic Azad University Arak Branch in 2016. The main plots consisted of spraying with chitosan, nano-chitosan and water as control and the sub plots consisted of cultivars Arak, Azerbaijan, Semirom, Yasuj and Torbat-e-Heydariyeh. Irrigation was performed regularly from the beginning of planting until flowering stage and then stopped and spraying was achieved. After 80% emergence of floret, plots were sampled and number of secondary branches, capsules per plant, plant height, 1000 seed weight and oil percentage were evaluated. Percentages of oil and fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography.Experimental results were showed that drought stress reduced the components of black cumin yield but improved qualitative factors such as oil and fatty acids percentage. The highest and lowest seed oil content was in Azarbaijan (28.76%) and Semirom (26.39%), respectively. Yasuj can be considered as a drought tolerant cultivar due to its high content of capsules, 1000-grain weight and weight/m2. The effect of nano-chitosan in moderating stress-induced effects was better than chitosan. Azerbaijan and Semirom cultivars had the highest amount of oleic acid (Omega 9), Yasuj cultivar had the highest amount of linoleic acid (Omega 6) and Torbat Heydariyeh and Arak cultivars had the highest amount of linoleic acid (Omega 3). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - A soft tissue fabricated using freeze-drying technique with carboxymethyl chitosan and nanoparticles for promoting effects on wound healing
Atiyeh Raisi Azadeh Asefnejad Maryam Shahali Zahra Doozandeh Bahareh Kamyab Moghadas Saeed Saber-Samandari Amirsalar Khandan -
Open Access Article
249 - A soft tissue fabricated using a freeze-drying technique with carboxymethyl chitosan and nanoparticles for promoting effects on wound healing
Atiyeh Raisi Azadeh Asefnejad Maryam Shahali Zahra Doozandeh Bahareh Kamyab Moghadas Saeed Saber-Samandari Amirsalar Khandan -
Open Access Article
250 - Well-Managed Classroom with Effective Use of Technology in Early Childhood Education
Mahjabin Chowdhury Zohreh R. Eslami -
Open Access Article
251 - Integration of Serious Games in Teaching English as a Foreign Language to Iranian Children
Azizeh Chalak Behzad Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
252 - English Language Learning and Reasoning Ability in Iranian Primary Schools: An Urgent Need for Curriculum Reappraisal
DOR: 20.1001.1.23223898.2021.9.36.8.4
Afsoon Piroozan Seyyed Ayatollah Razmjoo Sholeh Namazi -
Open Access Article
253 - Title: Analyzing reza shah encounter with religoin issue and searchikg his behavior with spiritualty
Mehrab Hatami Manizheh Sadri Simin Fasihi nazli Eskandari NezhadAbstractAfter the coup and accessing sultane, Reza shah at least apparently showed areligious behavior. But his behavior change from 1306 and gradually showedseverity against some religious ceremonies and spiritualties' actions. Rezashah, influenced by his counterpart a MoreAbstractAfter the coup and accessing sultane, Reza shah at least apparently showed areligious behavior. But his behavior change from 1306 and gradually showedseverity against some religious ceremonies and spiritualties' actions. Rezashah, influenced by his counterpart ataturk, considered religious anddenomination as a barrier for revival and modernization and desired building amodern iran by modernization in army, administration system , Law system,and education and even conseration organization and renewing power andcourt structures in which religion and spiritualty had a loe function. Is Rezashah encountered uniformally with religion and religious ulens or hid behaviorhas change during years? It can only be judged that for any reason in earlyyears of Reza shah sultanate, religion has been important and spiritualty hasbeen respectabke but gradually hus behavioe is influenced by his powerseeking behavior. Current study wants to answer this question in fact whyReza shah change his religious trend why he didn't continue that but also hechange toward contrasting with a descriptive-analytic procedure considerschallenges between spiritualties and Reza shah and reason of the contrastbetween these two wings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - An Experimental Investigation on Surface Roughness and Edge Chipping in Micro Ultrasonic Machining
Hamid Zarepour -
Open Access Article
255 - A Comparative Study of the Electronic Evidence in Criminal Justice Systems of Iran and China
Babak pourghahramani Reza GhaderiBackground and Objective: With expansion of cyberspace, crimes in this area have also spread. The need for credibility, seizure and collection of electronic evidence has been considered in various criminal justice systems. The purpose of this article is to comparatively MoreBackground and Objective: With expansion of cyberspace, crimes in this area have also spread. The need for credibility, seizure and collection of electronic evidence has been considered in various criminal justice systems. The purpose of this article is to comparatively study and analyze the position of electronic evidence in the criminal justice systems of Iran and China.Method: The present research employs a descriptive-analytical method in reaching its objectives. The rules and regulations governing electronic evidence in China and Iran have been studied and comparatively examined.Findings: Investigating cybercrime requires the seizure, collection and credibility of electronic evidence in the trial process. The laws and regulations of Iran and China have dealt with these issues separately and have provided solutions for criminal prosecution by criminalizing cybercrime.Results: The criminal systems of Iran and China have adopted different regulations and laws with regard to collection, seizure and credibility of the electronic evidence according to their own needs in the society. The legal system of China is more developed than Iran as far as its technical and specialization are concerned. The legal system of Iran, in its turn, follows a human rights approach of the same and attempts at restricting the authority of the justice administration law enforcement agents by stating their duties and responsibilities. Both of the systems use police force as the responsible body for collecting, seizure and credibility of the electronic evidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Examination of Chastisement Right of child in Imami Jurisprudence, law of Iran and International law
hasan falah Seyed Javad Seyed Alizadeh Ganji Behnam GhanbarporFrom an aspect of expedience, the right to punishment is an issue that exposes children's rights to danger and abuse in national and international realms. On the other hand, chastisement of child and harming the health of the child's body and soul is an issue that paren MoreFrom an aspect of expedience, the right to punishment is an issue that exposes children's rights to danger and abuse in national and international realms. On the other hand, chastisement of child and harming the health of the child's body and soul is an issue that parents and guardians are clinging to it for exercising their own taste and also to disavowal their responsibility. Of course, this issue is not the same everywhere, but providing a pattern for judicial exploitation in public dealing with this phenomenon is one of the important issues of the rights of the child. In Iran’s law, on the subject of chastisement right, without considering the foundations of guardianship of the child, there isn’t distinguish between parent or other guardians. So according to mentioned aspect, the reformation of Article 9 of the »Child and Adolescent Protection Law« and Article 158 of the »Islamic Penal Code« is proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Dejudicialization of Children and Adolescents under the Protection of the Children and Adolescents Special Police Bill Approved 1400 (Looking at the England Legal System Experience)
mohammad shahanaghi Mehdi Moghimi Receive Date: 2023/07/05 Revise Date: 2023/08/13   More Receive Date: 2023/07/05 Revise Date: 2023/08/13 Accept Date: 2023/09/10Abstract One of the innovations of some legal systems in dealing with the offences of children and adolescents is the formation of children and adolescents special police. For the first time, this idea was formed in England and America and because of that, a certain part of the police structure was dedicated to juvenile delinquency. The employed people in the special police have special education and expertise about the method of interacting with minors and principle dealing with crimes committed by them. In the countries that have recognized it, the special police have certain duties and certain competencies in the process of dealing with juvenile delinquency and as a result of the development of criminological ideas and even human rights’ doctrines, their approach in interacting with juvenile delinquents has become more reform-oriented and restorative; therefore, the responses that special police determines and implements in the dealing with juvenile delinquencies are different from the official punitive and repressive responses that governments determine and implement for adults. Authors in this article, with aim of investigate and explain the dejudicialization approach of the children and adolescents special police in Iran's legal system, have concluded that dejudicialization of delinquent children and adolescents is one of the most important prominent approaches in the bill of the special police of children and adolescents approved in 1400 in Iran. Looking at the experience of the English legal system in this field, it is clear that this country has also tried to avoid their entry into formal judicial processes and criminal proceedings, focusing on the dejudicialization of delinquent children and adolescents and using alternative methods, especially based on restorative justice to respond to the delinquency of children and adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Comparative Study of the Mechanical Properties of the Concrete Reinforced with Industrial Steel Fibers and Recycled Metal Chips
Farhad Jireh Ziaaddin Zamanzadeh Leila JaliliIn recent years, most of the experimental studies have been performed on the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete with recycled and industrial steel fibers in foreign countries, and it is necessary to conduct studies on fiber reinforced concrete made from existing MoreIn recent years, most of the experimental studies have been performed on the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete with recycled and industrial steel fibers in foreign countries, and it is necessary to conduct studies on fiber reinforced concrete made from existing materials in our country. In this paper, experimental and numerical research on the mechanical behavior of the fiber concrete has been conducted. In the experimental program, first, by modeling the mix design presented in previous research for recycled fiber concrete, two mixing designs were determined in accordance with the available materials of the country, so that by adding two different types of steel fibers, the desired slump flow is obtained. The effect of industrial fibers and recycled metal chips on the compressive and splitting tensile behavior of fiber reinforced concrete was investigated by performing compressive and tensile tests. The addition of industrial fibers and recycled metal chips has slightly reduced the indirect compressive and splitting tensile strength of the concrete. In the simulation and modeling of finite element compression tests, the formation of cracks in the concrete elements surrounding metal chips elements, confirmed the occurrence of stress gradients in these concrete elements, which led to a reduction in the compressive strength of the fibre reinforced concrete. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Investigation of Educational Computer Games’ Effects on Learning Mathematics’ Basic Concepts in Preschool Children of Kerman
Zohreh Mahmoudi Alireza Mohammadi Aria Mansoureh Karim Zadeh Pouria Reza SoltaniBackground and Purpose: The goal of this research was to investigate the effects of educational computer games on learning of mathematics’ basic concepts include Classification, Sorting, Conservation, Detecting Similarities and Differences and Geometry in preschoo MoreBackground and Purpose: The goal of this research was to investigate the effects of educational computer games on learning of mathematics’ basic concepts include Classification, Sorting, Conservation, Detecting Similarities and Differences and Geometry in preschoolers.Method: The statistical society of the research included preschoolers of four pre-schools in Kerman city. In this research non-probability (available) sampling has been used. The research’s selected sample consists of 44 children who have been divided into treatment and control group equally according to the number and gender. After doing the pre-test via “Basic Mathematic Skills Test for Children” on both groups, the treatment group received training via special designed educational computer games for 2 months, 2 sessions per week. Finally, the post-test was done and the results were recorded per each component and children. Then the data was analyzed by using differential t-test.Results: The results of analysis show that four out five primary hypotheses related to the effects of computer games on learning of categorization, sorting, conservation and detecting similarities and differences were confirmed. But, the hypothesis related to learning of geometry was not confirmed.Conclusion: The results show that using educational computer games has positive effects on learning of mathematics basic concepts in preschoolers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - The evaluation of changes on the microbial flora of meat by the addition of Virkon S in drinking water of Poultry
Majid Gholami Ahangaran Oveys Pourmahdi Akram Ghahremani-Chermahini Asiye AhmadiThis study was aimed to study the effects of virkon S on microbial load indices of poultry meat and internal organs. 180 broiler chicks were divided into three equal groups. The first and second groups received 250 g and 500 g of virkon S per 1000 liters of water for 10 MoreThis study was aimed to study the effects of virkon S on microbial load indices of poultry meat and internal organs. 180 broiler chicks were divided into three equal groups. The first and second groups received 250 g and 500 g of virkon S per 1000 liters of water for 10 consecutive days, from 31 days to 41 days, respectively, and the third group received no combination in the water. To evaluate the effect of virkon S on the population of Escherichia coli flora on meat, heart, and liver, poultry were sampled from these organs at the end of 42 days and their microbial status was evaluated by culture and enumeration of E. coli. The results showed that virkon S at concentrations of 250 and 500 g per 1000 liters of drinking water for 10 days could reduce E. coli population and microbial load of meat, heart, and liver of poultry, significantly. Therefore, according to the findings of this study, the use of virkon S in broiler chickens' drinking water can improve the hygienic quality of poultry meat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Study of correlation between microbial carcass and threonine on broiler chicks
Farshid Kheiri Ghasem Najafi Mohamad Ali JalaliAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of threonine on microbial carcass with use of 450 numbers of broiler chicks of the Ross 308.The chicks randomly are allocated to five experimental treatments and six replications (15 chicks in each r MoreAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of threonine on microbial carcass with use of 450 numbers of broiler chicks of the Ross 308.The chicks randomly are allocated to five experimental treatments and six replications (15 chicks in each replicates) in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets are including different levels of threonine with five levels of 90, 100, 110, 120 and 130 percent of the recommended Ross 308. The findings of the study shows the effect of experimental diets on microbial carcass in female and male broiler are (p< 0.05) significant. In carcass broiler chicks (different treatment) salmonella are not observed (P> 0/05). In dilution (-1) most level microbial carcass in treatment 90 ٪Threonine became observation, where with treatment 110 ٪threonine are significant (p< 0.05). Dilution (-2) least level microbial carcass in treatment 110 ٪became observation than another treatments are significant (p< 0.05).Too in total content microbial carcass least level relevant on treatment 110 ٪threonine was than another treatments are significant (p< 0.05). Results showed that the increase of threonine up to %10 leads to improvement of broiler chicks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Evaluation of Escherichia coli population in intestine and meat of broilers by cinnamon and thyme supplement in chicken diet
Ahmad Zeinodini Majid Gholami-Ahangaran Ebrahim RahimiFor evaluation and comparing effect of thyme and cinnamon on carcass contamination, 135 broiler chicks divided to 3 groups by 3 replicates. All chickens reared under same condition and received 0.5 percent thyme and 0.5 percent cinnamon on basic diet, continuously. Cont MoreFor evaluation and comparing effect of thyme and cinnamon on carcass contamination, 135 broiler chicks divided to 3 groups by 3 replicates. All chickens reared under same condition and received 0.5 percent thyme and 0.5 percent cinnamon on basic diet, continuously. Control chickens received no supplement in basic diet. In 42 days old, chickens were slaughtered and breast muscle was sampled for Escherichia coli (E.coli) detection. Cecal content were sampled for E.Coli colony counting, by conventional bacteriologic methods. Results showed that administration of 0.5 percent thyme can reduce carcass contamination and E.coli population in cecal content, significantly. There was no significant difference between control chickens and chickens received cinnamon for percentage of E.coli detection on carcass and cecal Ecoli population. all studied indices. According to results of this study, continuous consumption of 0.5 percent of thyme can improve hygienic quality in broiler chickens while this effect not expected for cinnamon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - The growth modelling of Escherichia coli in commercial chicken meat extract affecting by temperature and pH factors
Anna Ghaseminezhad Ali fazara Ebrahim RahimiThe purpose of this study is to provide a predictive model of Escherichia coli by selective growth factors such as heat storage (8 ° and 37 ° C) and PH (4, 5 and 6) in the extract was chicken business. For this purpose, a commercial extract of chicken prepared u MoreThe purpose of this study is to provide a predictive model of Escherichia coli by selective growth factors such as heat storage (8 ° and 37 ° C) and PH (4, 5 and 6) in the extract was chicken business. For this purpose, a commercial extract of chicken prepared using acetic acid and 1/0 normal profit on the desired PH was adjusted. The level of 105 cfu / ml of the extract prepared from bacteria were inoculated. Extract in the temperature of 8 and 37 ° C and at a different time than the samples were measured. . The results are consistent with the expectation that the significant growth in the PH 4 (P <0/05), less than the growth of the PH 5 and 6, respectively. In contrast to the expected reduction in the temperature of 37 ° C and 8 ° C was observed. In other words, the bacteria grow in temperatures of 8 and 37 were the same. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - بررسی تأثیر برخی از شرایط رویشگاهی بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس کاکوتی کوهی (Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam)
غلام رضا بخشی خانیکی فاطمه سفیدکن زینب دهقانمقدمه و هدف: گیاهان خانواده نعناعیان از قرن­ها پیش در اکثر کشورها به عنوان چاشنی یا ادویه غذاها و هم­چنین به عنوان دارو برای هضم غذا و مقابله با بیماری­های ویروسی استفاده می­شده­اند. این تیره در ایران 46 جنس و 410 گونه و زیر گونه دارد. یکی از گونه&sh Moreمقدمه و هدف: گیاهان خانواده نعناعیان از قرن­ها پیش در اکثر کشورها به عنوان چاشنی یا ادویه غذاها و هم­چنین به عنوان دارو برای هضم غذا و مقابله با بیماری­های ویروسی استفاده می­شده­اند. این تیره در ایران 46 جنس و 410 گونه و زیر گونه دارد. یکی از گونه­های ارزشمند و دارویی این خانواده کاکوتی کوهی Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. است. این گونه دارای اسانسی حاوی پولگون است که از آن به عنوان آرام بخش، مقوی معده، درمان سرماخوردگی، افسردگی، اسهال، سرفه، میگرن، تب و به عنوان ضد عفونی کننده استفاده می شود. به منظور بررسی تأثیر شرایط رویشگاهی بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. این تحقیق برای اولین بار در کشور، انجام شد. روش تحقیق: سرشاخه گلدار گیاه، از 4 منطقه رویشی آن در دو استان غربی کشور (همدان و کردستان) در مرحله گلدهی کامل جمعآوری شد. مهمترین شرایط رویشگاهی مناطق (از قبیل ارتفاع، جهت و درصد شیب، طول و عرض جغرافیایی و هم­چنین خصوصیات خاک و گونه های همراه) ثبت گردید. از نمونههای جمعآوری شده از هر منطقه، در سه تکرار اسانسگیری به عمل آمد. اسانس­ها توسط دستگاه­های GC و GC/MSتجزیه شیمیایی شدند. میانگین بازده اسانس ها توسط آزمون مقایسه ای دانکن مقایسه شدند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که شرایط رویشگاهی باعث اختلاف معنی دار در بازده اسانس در سطح یک درصد میشود. همچنین شناسایی ترکیبهای موجود در اسانسها نشان داد که میزان ترکیبهای عمده اسانس (پولگون و 8،1-سینئول) و سایر ترکیبها در نمونه های مختلف متفاوت است که نشان دهنده تأثیر شرایط رویشگاهی بر کیفیت اسانس است.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به اهمیت و خاصیت ضدمیکروبی ترکیب پولگون در گونه کاکوتی کوهی بهترین منطقه رویشگاه این گیاه با هدف تولید بیشتر ترکیب اخیر مربوط به منطقه نهاوند در استان همدان می باشد. بنابراین استفاده از جمعیت کاکوتی کوهی این منطقه جهت کشت و کار و نیز ایجاد شرایط اکولوژیکی (خاک ، آب و هوا، جغرافیایی) شبیه منطقه مورد مطالعه برای تولید کمی وکیفی اسانس این گیاه توصیه می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - تاثیر استفاده از سطوح مختلف دانه شوید بر عملکرد، برخی فراسنجه های خونی و جمعیت میکروبی روده در جوجه های گوشتی سویه Ross 308
یاسر رحیمیان فرشید خیری محمد علوی مهران ابوذرمقدمه و هدف: شوید با نام علمی Anethum graveolens گیاهی یک ساله از خانواده Apiaceae و نام جنس آن Anethum می باشد از جمله مزایای مصرف شوید میتوان به افزایش سلامت دستگاه گوارش،جلوگیری از بیخوابی،سکسه، اسهال و اسهال خونی، کاهش دردهای قاعدگی، مشکلات تنفسی و سرطان اشاره Moreمقدمه و هدف: شوید با نام علمی Anethum graveolens گیاهی یک ساله از خانواده Apiaceae و نام جنس آن Anethum می باشد از جمله مزایای مصرف شوید میتوان به افزایش سلامت دستگاه گوارش،جلوگیری از بیخوابی،سکسه، اسهال و اسهال خونی، کاهش دردهای قاعدگی، مشکلات تنفسی و سرطان اشاره نمود. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تاثیر استفاده از سطوح مختلف دانه شوید بر عملکرد، برخی فراسنجه های خونی و جمعیت میکروبی روده در جوجه های گوشتی سویه رآس 308 انجام گرفت. روش تحقیق: تعداد 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه در قالب یک طرح کاملا تصادفی با 4 تیمار و 6 تکرار با تعداد 15 قطعه جوجه در هر جایگاه استفاده شد. تیمار های آزمایشی شامل گروه شاهد(کنترل) بدون هیچ نوع ماده افزودنی و به تربیت مقادیر 200 ، 400 و 600 گرم از دانه شوید در هر تن خوراک بود. در این تحقیق افزایش وزن روزانه، میزان مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل غذایی در هردوره محاسبه گردید. در انتهای آزمایش تعداد چهار پرنده نر از هر گروه کشتار شده و بازده لاشه محاسبه شد. همچنین برخی از صفات لاشه و وزن نسبی اندام های داخلی مورد ارزیابی واقع گردید. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از دانه شوید سبب افزایش مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن روزانه بدن و بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی در مقایسه با گروه شاهد گردید. به علاوه اختلاف معنی داری(p<0.05) بین تیمارها از نظر FCR مشاهده شد. پیشنهادهای کاربردی و صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج، افزایش میزان شوید باعث بهبود عملکرد و فراسنجه های خونی در جوجه های گوشتی می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - اثرعصاره ی آویشن (Thymus vulgaris) بر پاسخ ایمنی در برابر ویروس واکسن بیماری آنفلوانزا و نیوکاسل در جوجههای گوشتی
فروغ طلازاده منصور میاحی حسین نجف زاده ورزی حدیث نوروزی زادهمقدمه و هدف:مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر عصاره آویشن بر پاسخ ایمنی علیه واکسن بیماری آنفلوانزا و نیوکاسل انجام شد. روش تحقیق: دویست و چهل و پنج قطعه جوجهی یک روزهی گوشتی خریداری و بیست قطعه جوجه برای تعیین میزان پادتن مادری خونگیری شده و بقیه­ی جوجه&s Moreمقدمه و هدف:مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر عصاره آویشن بر پاسخ ایمنی علیه واکسن بیماری آنفلوانزا و نیوکاسل انجام شد. روش تحقیق: دویست و چهل و پنج قطعه جوجهی یک روزهی گوشتی خریداری و بیست قطعه جوجه برای تعیین میزان پادتن مادری خونگیری شده و بقیه­ی جوجه­ها به طور تصادفی به 5 گروه مساوی تقسیم شدند. جوجه­های گروه A،B وC عصاره­ی آبی آویشن را به ترتیب به میزان 1/0 درصد، 15/0 درصد و 2/0 درصد در آب آشامیدنی در طول دوره­ی پرورش دریافت نمودند. جوجه­های گروه E، عصاره­ی آویشن را دریافت نکردند اما علیه بیماری نیوکاسل واکسینه شدند. جوجه­های گروه F به عنوان گروه کنترل، عصاره­ی آویشن و واکسن نیوکاسل دریافت نکردند. جوجه­های گروه­های A، B، C و D، با واکسن زندهی B1 به روش قطره­­ی چشمی و واکسن کشتهی دوگانه نیوکاسل-آنفلوانزای تحت تیپ (H9N2)، به روش زیر پوست پشت گردن واکسینه شدند. در روزهای صفر (قبل از واکسیناسیون)، 14، 28 و 35 بعد از واکسیناسیون، از 10 قطعه جوجه از هر گروه، به طور تصادفی، خونگیری به عمل آمد و عیار پادتن ویژه­ی نیوکاسل به وسیله آزمایش ممانعت از هماگلوتیناسیون تعیین گردید. نتایج و بحث:نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که عصاره­ی آویشن، تاثیری برپاسخ پادتن ویژه­ی ویروس واکسن نیوکاسل ندارد اما دریافت 2/0 درصد عصاره آویشن در 14 روز بعد از واکسیناسیون، عیار پادتن ویژه­ی ویروس واکسن آنفلوانزا را در مقایسه با سایر گروه ها به طور معنی داری افزایش داد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: گیاهانی مانند آویشن که سرشار از فلاونوئیدهامی باشد فعالیت ویتامین C را توسعه می دهند، به عنوان آنتی اکسیدان عمل می کنند و بنابراین ممکن است عملکرد سیستم ایمنی بدن را افزایش دهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - اثر گیاه چویل بر فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی سرم و برخی واکنش های ایمنی در جوجه های گوشتی
رضا گواهی غلامرضا قلمکاری مجید طغیانی شهین اقبال سعید محمد محمدرضایی مهدی شهریاری علیرضا دهقانی ابری -
Open Access Article
268 - افزایش عملکرد جوجه های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی دانه های خارمریم و آویشن
امید فانی مکی محمود قزاقی حسین انصاری نیکمقدمه و هدف: گیاهان دارویی از قابلیت بالایی به عنوان ماده افزودنی در خوراک جوجه­های گوشتی برخوردار هستند. این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثر دانه­های خارمریم و آویشن بر عملکرد جوجه­های گوشتی انجام پذیرفت. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه، 160 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر یک­رو Moreمقدمه و هدف: گیاهان دارویی از قابلیت بالایی به عنوان ماده افزودنی در خوراک جوجه­های گوشتی برخوردار هستند. این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثر دانه­های خارمریم و آویشن بر عملکرد جوجه­های گوشتی انجام پذیرفت. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه، 160 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر یک­روزه نژاد راس 308 به صورت تصادفی در چهار گروه، 4 تکرار و در قالب طرح کاملأ تصادفی تقسیم شدند. جیره­های آزمایشی عبارت بودند از؛ A) شاهد، ­B) جیره حاوی 20 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم دانه گیاه خارمریم،­C) جیره حاوی 20 میلی­گرم/ گیلوگرم بذر آویشن و D) جیره حاوی به ترتیب 20+20 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم دانه­های خارمریم و آویشن. جوجه­ها به مدت 35 روز روی بستر پرورش داده شدند. هم­چنین، آب و خوراک آزادانه در اختیار آن­ها قرار گرفت. مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن بدن در 3 مرحله (1-14، 14-28 و 28-35 روزگی) اندازه گیری شد و ضریب تبدیل غذایی مربوط به هر تکرار محاسبه گردید. نتایج و بحث: تا سن 28 روزگی مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. در حالی که درصد چربی بطنی در گروه­های B، C­و D به ترتیب 14/3%، 11/3% و 32/3% در مقایسه با گروه شاهد (23/4%) کاهش یافت (05/0p < ). در محدوده 28-35 روزگی، پرندگان تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی خارمریم به همراه آویشن (گروه D)، بیشترین مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد داشتند (05/0p < ). در حالی که، مصرف خارمریم یا آویشن به تنهایی، سبب کاهش ضریب تبدیل غذایی در دوره 28-35 روزگی شد (05/0P < ) و این اثر در مورد گروه (D) مشهود­تر بود. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: در نتیجه، پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که مکمل­های خارمریم و یا آویشن اثر مثبتی بر بهبود رشد جوجه­های گوشتی دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی اسانس میوه گلپر برفی (Heracleum lasiopetalum Boiss) بر خواص شیمیایی چیپس سیب زمینی
لیلا صداقت بروجنی محمد حجت الاسلامی جواد کرامت عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطیمقدمه و هدف: آنتی­ اکسیدان های شیمیایی، اکسیداسیون چربی و ترکیبات حاصل از آن به عنوان عوامل سرطان زا در مواد غذایی شناخته می شوند. در این مطالعه اثر اسانس میوه گلپر برفی با نام محلی کرسوم بر اکسیداسیون روغن و خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی چیپس سیب زمینی در مقایسه با آنتی Moreمقدمه و هدف: آنتی­ اکسیدان های شیمیایی، اکسیداسیون چربی و ترکیبات حاصل از آن به عنوان عوامل سرطان زا در مواد غذایی شناخته می شوند. در این مطالعه اثر اسانس میوه گلپر برفی با نام محلی کرسوم بر اکسیداسیون روغن و خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی چیپس سیب زمینی در مقایسه با آنتی اکسیدان های متداول BHA و TBHQ بررسی شده است. روش تحقیق: اسانس میوه گلپر برفی به روش تقطیر با آب توسط کلوینجر استخراج شد و توسط روش GC/MS به منظور تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی آن تجزیه شد. اسانس به روغن سرخ کردن چیپس های سیب زمینی در غلظت 3000 قسمت در میلیون اضافه گردید و اثر آنتی اکسیدانی آنبر چیپس های تولید شده با اندازه گیری عدد پراکسید، تیوباربیتوریک اسید و اسیدیته روغن استخراجی از چیپس مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. BHA و TBHQ به عنوان آنتی اکسیدان های متداول در غلظت 200 قسمت در میلیون اضافه شدند و روند کاهش اکسیداسیون در 45 روز ارزیابی شد. نتایج و بحث: اسانس میوه گلپربرفی مانند آنتی اکسیدان های سنتزی می تواند اکسیداسیون را کاهش دهد. تست TBA نشان داد که اسانس گلپر برفی در کاهش واکنش اولیه TBAنسبت به BHA موثرتر است در حالی که TBHQ کمترین مقدار را داشته است. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: اسانس میوه گلپربرفی دارای فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی است که می تواند به عنوان آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی در مواد غذایی در طول نگهداری استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - اثر مدت و میزان استفاده از پودر سیر بر رشد و میزان تیتر آنتی بادی علیه واکسن نیوکاسل و گامبرو در جوجه های گوشتی
مهدی رئیسی سیدعلی اوسط حسینی علی آباد محمدباقر پاشا زانوسی امیر روفچاییمقدمه و هدف: به منظور کاهش عوارض جانبی آنتی بیوتیک های سنتتیک محرک رشد، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی به عنوان محرک های بالقوه رشد، توجه بسیاری را به خود جلب کرده است. در این مطالعه تأثیر گیاه سیر که از دیر باز به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی مورد استفاده بوده است بر عملکرد رش Moreمقدمه و هدف: به منظور کاهش عوارض جانبی آنتی بیوتیک های سنتتیک محرک رشد، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی به عنوان محرک های بالقوه رشد، توجه بسیاری را به خود جلب کرده است. در این مطالعه تأثیر گیاه سیر که از دیر باز به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی مورد استفاده بوده است بر عملکرد رشد و میزان تیتر آنتی بادی علیه واکسن نیوکاسل و گامبرو در جوجه های گوشتی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: به منظور بررسی تأثیر مدت و میزان استفاده از پودر سیر (Allium sativum L.) بر صفات مورد آزمایش در جوجه های گوشتی، آزمایشی با 240 قطعه جوجه گوشتی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به صورت فاکتوریل 4´3 با دو عامل سطح مصرف پودر سیر در جیره (شامل: 0، 0/5، 1 و 3 درصد) و دوره زمانی مصرف (آغازین، پایانی و کل دوره) انجام شد. نتایج و بحث: مصرف پودر سیر در سطوح 1 و 3 درصد موجب افزایش معنی دار صفت وزن گردید(0/5>p). دوره زمانی مصرف پودر سیر اثر معنی داری بر مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن نداشت، اما در مجموع تیمارهایی که در دوره پایانی پرورش پودر سیر مصرف شدند، افزایش وزن بیشتری داشتند. پایین ترین ضریب تبدیل غذایی در پایان دوره پرورش مربوط به گروه های تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی 1 درصد پودر سیر بود که تفاوت معنی داری را با تیمارهای مصرف کننده 5/0 درصد پودر و سیر شاهد داشت (0/001>p). نتایج تیتر آنتی بادی نیوکاسل در هیچ یک از مراحل نمونه گیری اختلاف معنی داری را بین تیمارهای آزمایشی نشان نداد. نتایج تیتر آنتی بادی گامبرو در 33 روزگی نشان داد که تیمارهای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی 1 و 3 درصد پودر سیر دارای بالاترین تیتر آنتی بادی علیه واکسن گامبرو دربین گروه های آزمایشی بوده (0/001>p) و در 42 روزگی نیز، تیتر آنتی بادی پرندگان مورد آزمایش به طور معنی داری در تمام سطوح مصرف پودر سیر، نسبت به شاهد بیشتر بود (0/001>p). دوره های زمانی مصرف پودر سیر هیچ اثر معنی داری بر تیتر آنتی بادی نیوکاسل و گامبرو بین تیمارهای آزمایشی نداشت. به طور کلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که استفاده از سطوح 1 و 3 درصد پودر سیر در دوره زمانی مصرف، سبب بهبود عملکرد رشد و تیتر آنتی بادی بر علیه واکسن گامبرو در جوجه های گوشتی شده است. توصیه کاربردی-صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، پودر سیر به دلیل وجود خواص ضد باکتریایی ترکیب آلیسین و سایر ترکیبات موجود در آن، می تواند تأثیر مثبتی بر عملکرد رشد و سیستم ایمنی جوجه های گوشتی داشته باشد، لذا استفاده از آن به جهت تولید محصول سالم و ارگانیک توصیه می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - China's presence in the Persian Gulf: Political and strategic implications
Majid Bozorgmehri Maryam MirzaeiAbstract: While China pursues economic, industrial and foreign trade development strategy its need for energy source like oil and gas increases. This approach will lead to an increase in import of oil products from different parts of the world particularly the Middle Ea MoreAbstract: While China pursues economic, industrial and foreign trade development strategy its need for energy source like oil and gas increases. This approach will lead to an increase in import of oil products from different parts of the world particularly the Middle East. The reason for China to become more active in Persian Gulf is the need for energy and in this direction it is diluting emphasis on ideology in foreign policy. The question raised by the paper is “what is China's foreign policy is in the Persian Gulf?” How has been China's presence in this strategic region? What is China's policy about the free and unhindered flow of oil in the Persian Gulf? Will it be an inactive policy in conforming to the Western world or it wants to play an active role in region's development in competition with the United States? The underlying hypothesis is that China will be having an extensive presence in relation with its increasing need for oil. This presence will be in the shape of economic and commercial transactions, import of oil and the export of goods and services to the region. It seems that China is not interested in creating a confrontationist and security atmosphere with the United States. The priority of China is the stability of the region in cooperation with the West. The grand strategy of balancing with the United States in Persian Gulf is positive interaction with the United States. In this direction China establishes economic ties with the main actors in the region and creating the sense of dependence in them about the need for good relations with China. In this way China tries to strengthen its position in the region. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical and making use of documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - China’s Energy Security in the Direction of One Belt – One Road Initiative
Hadi Ajilit mahdi salami mehrdad fallahiAbstract: The "One Belt-One Road" initiative was introduced by Chinese president Shi Jingping in September 2013. This plan consists of two parts: One New Silk Road and the second Sea Silk Route. China by introducing this plan is pursuing ambitious goals. These goals inc MoreAbstract: The "One Belt-One Road" initiative was introduced by Chinese president Shi Jingping in September 2013. This plan consists of two parts: One New Silk Road and the second Sea Silk Route. China by introducing this plan is pursuing ambitious goals. These goals include economic growth, ensuring energy security, expansion of the sphere of influence, access to world markets and building cost effective transportation and transit routes. This project seeks to facilitate the transfer of energy and commodities to China and from China to other parts of the world within a short span of time. The sea route consists of two directions: First a route from the coasts of China through the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean to Europe and the second from the shores of China to the South Pacific Ocean. The question raised by the paper is "How the above said project will be effective and useful for China's energy security?" The underlying hypothesis is that China intends to implement this plan with the objective of establishing friendly relations with oil rich countries, creating different land and sea routes and diversifying its source of supply of energy and in this way ensures its energy security. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - The importance of soft power in international relations; From China's cultural exports to the Middle East to the cultural opportunities of the Iran-China agreement
Seyed Hassan Mirfakhraei Farhad FarahaniInternational relation's arena is extremely effected of cultural and identity ingredients. So gain an aspect and international prestige, penetrate in public opinion and access to soft power are the important and at the same time unspecified goals is the diplomacy o MoreInternational relation's arena is extremely effected of cultural and identity ingredients. So gain an aspect and international prestige, penetrate in public opinion and access to soft power are the important and at the same time unspecified goals is the diplomacy of countries. China's emerging power is trying to export its cultural industries and penetrate as deeply as possible in the MiddleEast in order to strengthen its soft power.The importance of this Chinese strategy can be seen in the cooperation document with Iran.At the same time, the identity and cultural opportunities contained in this agreement have the potential to expand Iran's soft power in the international system.Therefore, the purpose of this study is with descriptive-explanatory method and using library texts and available data to answer the main question, how does China's cultural exports to the Middle East and the cultural opportunities of the Iran-China Cooperation Agreement highlight the role of soft power in international relations?This hypothesis is raised in response to this question: China's investment in the distribution of identity products in the Middle East and the cultural opportunities resulting from the 25-year cooperation agreement for Iran, express the need for governments to pay attention to the concept of soft power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Analysis of the policy of developing relations with new China based on realism theory
ali ImaniThis article explains how to develop relations with New China .Therefore, the policy analysis process is used as a policy-transition method. And realism is used as a political theory. The process of conducting research begins with analytical problem-solving and ends wit MoreThis article explains how to develop relations with New China .Therefore, the policy analysis process is used as a policy-transition method. And realism is used as a political theory. The process of conducting research begins with analytical problem-solving and ends with writing an executive policy. The main problem of the research is to write executive policies in relation to the new China.The main research question is:How should the policy of developing relations with China be based on the political theory of realism?"The main goal of the research:Describing how to make policies for the relationship with the new China, relying on the capability of Iran in the Asian region.The socio-cultural situation of Iran and China and the international environment have been explained in this research as effective variables on the policy making of the relationship with the new China. The documentary research method is used and the researcher collects information by exploratory study . The important innovation of the research is the emphasis on executive capabilities instead of projecting subjective concepts.By doing this research, the void of theoretical foundations will be solved andExecutive policies are also written to develop relations with China. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Economic and Military Take off of China and its Security Impact on Islamic Republic of Iran
محمدعلی بصیری معصومه رشیدAbstract Islamic Republic of Iran and China can be considered as revisionist state in current international system. Economic and commercial relations between the two have prepared the ground for close and friendly relations. In the question of nuclear program of Iran a MoreAbstract Islamic Republic of Iran and China can be considered as revisionist state in current international system. Economic and commercial relations between the two have prepared the ground for close and friendly relations. In the question of nuclear program of Iran and Syrian crisis both the countries have had similar stand. What will be the security consequences of the rise of China as a stronger power than the United States for Islamic Republic of Iran? The present article wants to examine the consequences of this event within the framework of Barry Buzan security approach. The Underlying assumption is; that after the rise of China as a stronger power than the United States the international system undergoes change and the United States no longer be able to dominate or put pressure on Iran or jeopardize Iran's security. The methodology used by the article is descriptive-analytical and collection of data is library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - The Development Orientation of China and its political Repercussions
Mohammad Reza Rostami Javad ZeraatpaymaThe People’s Republic of China، after the passage of three decades of Maoist revolution changed its macro-economic، political and ideological orientations. The aim of the above changes was the survival of communist party in China and promotion of its power and inf MoreThe People’s Republic of China، after the passage of three decades of Maoist revolution changed its macro-economic، political and ideological orientations. The aim of the above changes was the survival of communist party in China and promotion of its power and influence outside. This turn in policies which included improvement of relationship with West and neighbouring countries and attraction of foreign investment and technology was conspicuous and decisive، especially in the field of economy and it led to a rapid economic development of China. The economic development strategy of China was pursued by renouncing many socialist values and socialist economy principles and it strengthened the values and principles of free market. Although this economic development has promoted the international status of China but it has led to internal challenges in political arena especially in the long term. As the tangible achievements of development policies yields fruit these challenges show themselves. Thus there is a need for a reform or a change in the political structure and these changes are among the most important challenges for China. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - The Possible Crises in the United States Relations with China
Hamed Mohagheghnia Jahanbakhsh MoradiThe foreign relations of countries always depend on a set of intentions, objectives, interests, interpretations and interactions which are the outcome of decision making centre in internal structures and international limitations and its repercussions are also seen in d MoreThe foreign relations of countries always depend on a set of intentions, objectives, interests, interpretations and interactions which are the outcome of decision making centre in internal structures and international limitations and its repercussions are also seen in domestic and external sphere. The bilateral relations of the United States and China are not an exception to this rule. The United States and China expanded their relations from 1971. They had a successful record in interaction with each other in many field especially in economic field but this does not mean that there are no differences between the two. There are always threat and danger of tension and crisis in relations of the two world powers. The most important possible crises in relations of the United States and China are the problem of Taiwan and also the presence of the United States of other powers in sphere of influence of China and the ensuing tensions in that direction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Tungstophosphoric acid embedded magnetic chitosan as a green catalyst for the synthesis of N-cyclohexyl-3-aryl quinoxaline-2-amines
Ali Ayati Mansoureh Daraie Majid Heravi Bahareh Tanhaei -
Open Access Article
279 - Synthesis of 1,3-diphenyl-2-propyn-1-ol derivatives in water catalyzed by silver ions immobilized on the magnetic cross-linked chitosan
Fatemeh Rafiee Sahar Kermani -
Open Access Article
280 - Pathology of the working children phenomenon in Tehran with a fuzzy approach
ali asghar sadabadi fatemeh fehriPhenomenon of street children and child labour become an increasing challenge in Tehran. The purpose of this paper is to investigate causes and consequences of emerging child labour and then offer proper approach to solve it. In this study using 3C model aims to analyze MorePhenomenon of street children and child labour become an increasing challenge in Tehran. The purpose of this paper is to investigate causes and consequences of emerging child labour and then offer proper approach to solve it. In this study using 3C model aims to analyze approach toward street children in three branches of Content, Structure and Context, then using data mining and content analysis elements that controlling causes and consequences of street childeren and its approches. Within Fuzzy Delphi questionnaries that given to experts were analyased. In order to demonstrate the relation between elements that were agreed on by these experts, SODA method had implemented. Eventually within integration of expert's plans its becames the one model that consist of 45 index and 57 approches. Also in finale model of research, approperiate approch in each index was provided by a figure. . . . . . . . . . . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Exploring the process of formation of the phenomenon of street work children and its consequences in the city of Ahvaz
Hoseyn Moltafet, Mohammadhoseyn Moghadam Aziz HazbaviThe purpose of the study is to Exploring the process of formation of the phenomenon of street work children and its consequences in Ahvaz. The nature of this research is qualitative and using grounded theory and purposeful sampling and with the principle of theoretical MoreThe purpose of the study is to Exploring the process of formation of the phenomenon of street work children and its consequences in Ahvaz. The nature of this research is qualitative and using grounded theory and purposeful sampling and with the principle of theoretical love with 10 street working children, deep quality interviews are acceptable. Findings include 10 subcategories, the problems facing family after parental divorce, post-divorce psychological trauma in family, environmental incentives, training and transfer of street work methods, child labor as assertiveness, social harms of child labor in the street, time challenges, people's dual treatments of child, work breaks, psychological damage of child labor in the street, 4 main categories, post-divorce challenges in the family, differential socialization of the child, selective strategy of child labor in the street, individual-social consequences of work The child on the street and the core category, the child's work as coping with the status quo. The results showed that factors family and the disorders existing in it are considered as a necessary condition and starting point of this process, and differential socialization and a more generally environmental cause as a source of inducing work to the child is a sufficient condition, which govern the process of the phenomenon of street children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - .A pathological study of children of work in the city of Tehran, using a Fuzzy approach
Ali asghar Sadabadi fatemeh fehri.The phenomenon of street children and child labour has increasingly become a major challenge in Tehran. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causes and consequences of emerging child labour and then offer a proper approach for its solution. Using data More.The phenomenon of street children and child labour has increasingly become a major challenge in Tehran. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causes and consequences of emerging child labour and then offer a proper approach for its solution. Using data mining and content analysis, elements contributing to the causes and consequences of street childeren were identified. The questionnaries were analyzed using Fuzzy Delphi approach. Then using 3C model, approaches toward street children were sorted in three branches of Content, Structure and Context. In order to demonstrate the relation between elements that were agreed on by the experts, the strategic options development and analysis (SODA) method was implemented. Eventually, by integrating expert's plans, a model emerged that consisted of 45 indices and 57 approches. The findings showed that poverty was the main cause of the occurrence and prevalence of this phenomenon, and structural factors or issues related to government and legislation can have the greatest impact on solving the problems of street children, and can lead to poverty reduction. Content factors are of secondary importance. The existence of various solutions in the field of cultural and religious arenas is also noteworthy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Identifying the components of social entrepreneurship and investigating their effects on empowerment of street children
alieh shekarbeigi parisa farahaniThe emergence of different social harms and lack of strategic and macro planning in countries has disrupted the natural growth and development of some children and has presented societies with emerging phenomena of labor children and street children. Therefore this rese MoreThe emergence of different social harms and lack of strategic and macro planning in countries has disrupted the natural growth and development of some children and has presented societies with emerging phenomena of labor children and street children. Therefore this research aims to identify the components of social entrepreneurship and to find its effects on empowerment of labor and street children. This is a descriptive -correlative study. The research population consisted of managers and the staff of empowerment offices of the city of Tehran that numbered close to 600 persons. Data collecting tool is a 27 items questionnaire that its validity was achieved by content and structure method and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0.935). The results showed that social entrepreneurship has direct effect on empowerment of street children. Of the components of entrepreneurship, highest and lowest effects were as follows, respectively: "basic principles of social entrepreneurship" with regression coefficient of 0.831 and "social entrepreneurial program" with regression coefficient of 0.691. Manuscript profile -
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284 - The Efficacy of Plant based Diets on Growth Potential, Energy Utilization, Nutrient Digestibility, Leg Bone Development and Litter Quality of Meat Chickens
م.آ. حسین ای.آ. آواد -
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285 - Genetic Perspective of Ascites Syndrome in Meat-Type Chickens
ج. احمدپناه ع.ا. شادپرور ن. قوی حسین-زاده ع. پاکدل -
Open Access Article
286 - The New Progresses in Trace Mineral Requirements of Broilers, a Review
ب. نویدشاد م. محمدرضائی م. زارعی ر. ولی زاده س. کرامتی ف. رضائی ص. جباری ر. کچوئی پ. اسمائیل نسب -
Open Access Article
287 - اثرات سطوح مختلف روغن کلزا و طول مدت مخلوطسازی جیره بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه و لیپیدهای خون جوجههای گوشتی
ع. عبدی ع. نوبختاین آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف روغن کلزا و طول مدت مخلوطسازی جیره بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه و غلظت لیپیدهای خون جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش تعداد 288 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 از سن 11 تا 42 روزگی با آرایش فاکتوریل (3×2) شامل سه سطح از Moreاین آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف روغن کلزا و طول مدت مخلوطسازی جیره بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه و غلظت لیپیدهای خون جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش تعداد 288 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 از سن 11 تا 42 روزگی با آرایش فاکتوریل (3×2) شامل سه سطح از روغن کلزا (0، 3 و6 درصد) و دو مدت زمان مخلوطسازی جیره (10 و 15 دقیقه) در 6 تیمار، 4 تکرار و 12 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار در قالب یک طرح کامل تصادفی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. استفاده از روغن کلزا عملکرد جوجهها را بهبود داد (01/0>P). بیشترین مقادیر افزایش وزن روزانه، خوراک مصرفی و وزن نهایی با جیره حاوی 6 درصد روغن کلزا به دست آمد (05/0>P). در اثرات متقابل سطح روغن و طول مدت مخلوطسازی جیره، 6 درصد روغن کلزا و 10 دقیقه مخلوطسازی موجب بهبود عملکرد جوجهها شد (05/0>P). استفاده جیرهای 6 درصد روغن کلزا درصد طحال را افزایش داد (05/0>P). روغن کلزا اثر کاهندگی بر روی غلظت کلسترول خون داشت (05/0>P). کمترین مقدار کلسترول در گروه حاوی 3 درصد روغن کلزا مشاهده شد. مخلوطسازی بیش از 10 دقیقهای جیره موجب افزایش غلظت لیپوپروتئینهای با دانسیته پایین (LDL) در خون شد (05/0>P). در اثرات متقابل، کمترین سطح کلسترول خون با 6 درصد روغن کلزا و 10 دقیقه مخلوطسازی جیره مشاهده شد. به طور کلی در جوجههای گوشتی استفاده از 6 درصد روغن کلزا و مخلوطسازی 10 دقیقهای جیره موجب بهبود عملکرد و کاهش سطح کلسترول خون میشود. Manuscript profile -
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288 - Effect of Chromium Methionine Supplementation on Performance and Serum Metabolites in Broiler Chickens Thermoneutral and Under Heat-Stress Conditions
K. Noori P. Farhoomand S.K. Ebrahimzadeh -
Open Access Article
289 - اثرات پروبیوتیک روی پاسخ ایمنی و ریختشناسی روده در جوجه های در معرض استرس القاء شده با کورتیکوسترون
ف. عابد درگاهی ح. درمانیکوهی ر. حسن ساجدی ع. روستایی علیمهر س.ح. حسینیمقدماین آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف اسپور باسیلوس سوبتلیس به عنوان پروبیوتیک روی پاسخ ایمنی، مورفولوژی روده و قابلیت هضم ایلئومی ماده خشک خوراک در جوجههای گوشتی در معرض تنش القایی با کورتیکوستورن انجام شد. 288 جوجه خروس نژاد رأس 308 یکروزه در 6 تیمار به صورت طرح ک Moreاین آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف اسپور باسیلوس سوبتلیس به عنوان پروبیوتیک روی پاسخ ایمنی، مورفولوژی روده و قابلیت هضم ایلئومی ماده خشک خوراک در جوجههای گوشتی در معرض تنش القایی با کورتیکوستورن انجام شد. 288 جوجه خروس نژاد رأس 308 یکروزه در 6 تیمار به صورت طرح کاملا تصادفی در قالب فاکتوریل با دو سطح تزریق کورتیکوسترون و سه سطح مصرف پروبیوتیک (0، 106×0.8 و 106×1.6 در هر گرم خوراک)اختصاص داده شدند. در سنین 7 تا 9 روزگی ( سه روز) جوجهها به صورت تزریق زیر پوستی کورتیکوسترون یا روغن به مقدار 2 میلیگرم به ازای هر کیلو وزن بدن دو بار در روز دریافت نمودند. همین مراحل تزریق در روزهای 25 تا 27 نیز تکرار شد. تزریق کورتیکوسترون موجب تغییر معنیدار مورفولوژی روده شامل طول پرز و نسبت طول پرز به عمق کریپت و هضم ماده خشک گردید. این پارامترها به طور نسبی با استفاده از پروبیوتیک افزایش یافتند. نسبت هتروفیل به لمفوسیت با تزریق کورتیکوسترون افزایش یافت اما تحت تأثیر مصرف پروبیوتیک قرار نگرفت. در حالیکه با تزریق کورتیکوسترون غلظت لمفوسیتها در بخش مدولای بورس کاهش یافت، این اثر منفی توسط پروبیوتیک بهبود یافت. گروه مصرف پروبیوتیک 106 × 1.6 در هر گرم خوراک تأثیر بیشتری نسبت به گروه 106 × 0.8 داشت. به عنوان نتیجه کلی، مصرف پروبیوتیک بر پایه اسپور باسیلوس سوبتلیس می­تواند اثرات استرس القاء شده با کورتیکوسترون را تخفیف دهد. Manuscript profile -
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290 - اثرات نعناع و آلوئه ورا بر جمعیت میکروفلورای ایلئوم و عملکرد رشد در جوجههای گوشتی در مقایسه با آنتیبیوتیک محرک رشد
ب. دارابیقانع ف. میرزایی آقچه قشلاق ب. نوید شاد ع. مهدوی ا. زارعی س. ناهاشوناین تحقیق به منظور مقایسه اثرات دو گیاه دارویی (نعناع و آلوئه ورا) و آنتیبیوتیک محرک رشد بر جمعیت میکروفلورای ایلئوم و عملکرد رشد در جوجههای گوشتی انجام گردید. در این آزمایش از 375 قطعه جوجه یکروزه نر (راس 308) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تیمار و هر تیمار شامل 5 تک Moreاین تحقیق به منظور مقایسه اثرات دو گیاه دارویی (نعناع و آلوئه ورا) و آنتیبیوتیک محرک رشد بر جمعیت میکروفلورای ایلئوم و عملکرد رشد در جوجههای گوشتی انجام گردید. در این آزمایش از 375 قطعه جوجه یکروزه نر (راس 308) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تیمار و هر تیمار شامل 5 تکرار و 15 جوجه در هر تکرار استفاده شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) جیره شاهد ( جیره پایه بدون هیچ افزودنی)، 2) جیره پایه + 10 گرم/کیلوگرم برگ خشک شده نعناع، 3) جیره پایه + 10 گرم/کیلوگرم ژل آلوئه ورا، 4) جیره پایه + 5 گرم/کیلوگرم برگ خشک شده نعناع + 5 گرم/کیلوگرم ژل آلوئه ورا و 5) جیره پایه + 10 پیپیام آنتیبیوتیک ویرجینیامایسین بودند. پارامترهای عملکرد رشد برای دورههای آغازین، رشد و پایانی و جمعیت باکتریهای لاکتوباسیلوس و اشرشیاکلی در روز 42 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. بیشترین تعداد باکتریهای لاکتوباسیلوس در ایلئوم جوجههای تغذیه شده با خوراک حاوی مخلوط برگ خشک شده نعناع و ژل آلوئه ورا مشاهده شد (05/0>P). جوجههای دریافتکننده مکمل گیاهان دارویی، کمترین جمعیت اشرشیاکلی را در مقایسه با جوجههای شاهد داشتند (05/0>P). جوجههای تغذیه شده با آنتیبیوتیک خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن بدن و درصد لاشه بیشتری نسبت به جوجههای شاهد و جوجههای تغذیه شده با گیاهان دارویی را بدست آوردند و جوجههای تغذیه شده با گیاهان دارویی خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن بدن و درصد لاشه بالاتری نسبت به جوجههای شاهد را دارا بودند (05/0>P). جوجههای تغذیه شده با خوراک حاوی مخلوط برگ خشک شده نعناع و ژل آلوئه ورا عملکرد رشد و درصد لاشه بهتری را داشتند. این مطالعه بیانگر آن است که استفاده از مخلوط برگ خشک شده نعناع و ژل آلوئه ورا بعنوان مکمل خوراک جوجههای گوشتی میتواند جایگزینی برای آنتیبیوتیک محرک رشد باشد. Manuscript profile -
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291 - تعیین انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز حقیقی برخی از مواد خوراکی با روش جدید تغذیه دقیق در جوجههای گوشتی
ا. رضایی ح. جانمحمدی م. علیایی ص. علیجانیدو آزمایش به منظور تعیین انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز برخی از مواد خوراکی طیور انجام شد. آزمایش اول جهت تعیین مناسبترین زمان جمعآوری فضولات بعد از تغذیه دقیق جوجههای گوشتی جهت بدست آوردن حداکثر مقادیر دفع فضولات و آزمایش دوم جهت تعیین انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز حقیقی تصحیح شده Moreدو آزمایش به منظور تعیین انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز برخی از مواد خوراکی طیور انجام شد. آزمایش اول جهت تعیین مناسبترین زمان جمعآوری فضولات بعد از تغذیه دقیق جوجههای گوشتی جهت بدست آوردن حداکثر مقادیر دفع فضولات و آزمایش دوم جهت تعیین انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز حقیقی تصحیح شده برای تعادل صفر نیتروژن دانه ذرت، کنجاله سویا، کنجاله گلوتن ذرت، کنجاله کلزا و پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور با استفاده از روش جدید تغذیه دقیق در جوجههای گوشتی 21 روزه انجام گرفت. در آزمایش اول، تعداد 35 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر 21 روزه با وزن بدنی یکسان در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در 7 گروه آزمایشی با 5 پرنده در هر گروه در قفسهای متابولیسمی قرار گرفتند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل زمانهای مختلف جمعآوری فضولات بود. همه جوجهها با مخلوط (60-40) ذرت-کنجاله سویا به مقدار 10 گرم مورد تغذیه دقیق قرار گرفتند. فضولات در زمانهای 2، 4، 6، 8، 10، 12 و 14 ساعت بعد از تغذیه دقیق جمعآوری شدند. در آزمایش دوم، تعداد 30 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر 21 روزه با 5 پرنده برای هر ماده خوراکی مورد آزمایش به مقدار 10 گرم مورد تغذیه دقیق قرار گرفتند و تعداد 5 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نیز برای تعیین دفع انرژی از منشاء داخلی به روش گرسنگی استفاده شد. حداکثر زمان جمعآوری فضولات در جوجههای گوشتی 21 روزه 12 ساعت بدست آمد که با سایر زمانها تفاوت معنیداری نشان داد (0.01>P). میانگین انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز حقیقی تصحیح شده برای تعادل صفر نیتروژن دانه ذرت، کنجاله سویا، کنجاله گلوتن ذرت، کنجاله کلزا و پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور به ترتیب 94 ± 3527، 116 ± 2572، 33 ± 4183، 162 ± 1806 و 112 ± 2678 کیلوکالری در کیلوگرم بود. اینطور نتیجه شد که مقادیر انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز حقیقی مواد خوراکی میتواند در جوجههای گوشتی 21 روزه با استفاده از روش تغذیه دقیق تعیین گردد. این تحقیق استفاده از مقادیر انرژی بدست آمده در جوجههای گوشتی را در فرمولاسیون جیرههای غذایی برای جوجههای گوشتی پیشنهاد مینماید. Manuscript profile -
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292 - تأثیر مکمل عصاره هسته انگور بر عملکرد، فعالیت آنزیم آنتیاکسیدانی و پاسخ ایمنی در جوجههای گوشتی تحت تنشگرمایی
ح. حاجاتی ا. حسن آبادی ا. گلیان ح. نصیری-مقدم م.ر. نصیریپژوهشهای حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر استفاده از عصاره هسته انگور به صورت مکمل با جیره غذایی بر عملکرد، پاسخ فعالیت آنزیم آنتی­اکسیدانی و پاسخ ایمنی در جوجه­های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: شاهد (بدون افزودنی)، عصاره هسته انگور در سه سطح 1 Moreپژوهشهای حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر استفاده از عصاره هسته انگور به صورت مکمل با جیره غذایی بر عملکرد، پاسخ فعالیت آنزیم آنتی­اکسیدانی و پاسخ ایمنی در جوجه­های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: شاهد (بدون افزودنی)، عصاره هسته انگور در سه سطح 150، 300 یا 450 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم، ویتامین C در سطح 300 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم به عنوان کنترل مثبت به پرنده­ها از 1 تا 42 روزگی تغذیه شد. تنش گرمایی مزمن (دمای 1±34 درجه سانتی­گراد روزانه به مدت 5 ساعت) از 29 تا 42 روزگی القا شد. مکمل کردن عصاره هسته انگور تا سطح 300 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم جیره افزایش وزن روزانه جوجه­های گوشتی را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد قبل از تنش حرارتی افزایش داد (28-1 روزگی). حین شرایط تنش گرمایی، مکمل عصاره هسته انگور در سطوح 300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره ضریب تبدیل غذایی را بهبود داد. مکمل کردن عصاره هسته انگور در سطح 300 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره تیتر ایمونوگلوبین G به عنوان پاسخ اولیه و ثانویه به تزریق گلبول قرمز گوسفندی را افزایش داد. به علاوه، پرندگان تغذیه شده با عصاره هسته انگور (150، 300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره)، یا ویتامین C (300 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) سطوح بالاتری از تیتر ایمونوگلوبین G به عنوان پاسخ ثانویه در برابر گلبول قرمز گوسفندی داشتند. مکمل عصاره هسته انگور در سطوح 300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره درصد هتروفیل، نسبت هتروفیل/لمفوسیت را کاهش و درصد لمفوسیت جوجه­های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی را افزایش داد. مکمل کردن جیره با عصاره هسته انگور (300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) فعالیت آنزیم گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز را در پرندگان تحت تنش گرمایی افزایش داد. مکمل عصاره هسته انگور یا ویتامین C تأثیری بر پاسخ حساسیت پوستی و وزن نسبی طحال و بورس فابریسیوس جوجه­های تحت تنش گرمایی نداشت. اما مکمل کردن جیره با عصاره هسته انگور (300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) یا ویتامین C (300 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) وزن نسبی تیموس پرندگان تحت تنش گرمایی را افزایش داد. بنابراین، مکمل عصاره هسته انگور بهتر از ویتامین C توانست اثرات مضر تنش گرمایی را در جوجه­های گوشتی کاهش دهد و برای اهداف اقتصادی و سلامت ارجحیت دارد زیرا بخشی از پسماندهای جانبی طبیعی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - اثر تزریق درون تخم مرغی مهارکننده های آروماتاز بر بازدهی تولیدی جوجه های
ت. مکرمی ب. نویدشاد ن. هدایت ایوریق ف. میرزائی آقجه قشلاقتغییر نسبت­های جنسی جوجه­ های گوشتی دارای مزایای اقتصادی زیادی در صنعت طیور است. گنادها در جنین جوجه در مراحل اولیه قابلیت تبدیل به هر دو جنس (نر و ماده) را دار هستند. تمایز جنسی به دلیل بیان آروماتاز در گناد چپ در روزهای 6-5 دوره جنینی و تولید استروژن از تستستر Moreتغییر نسبت­های جنسی جوجه­ های گوشتی دارای مزایای اقتصادی زیادی در صنعت طیور است. گنادها در جنین جوجه در مراحل اولیه قابلیت تبدیل به هر دو جنس (نر و ماده) را دار هستند. تمایز جنسی به دلیل بیان آروماتاز در گناد چپ در روزهای 6-5 دوره جنینی و تولید استروژن از تستسترون انجام می­گیرد. مصرف مهارکننده ­های آروماتاز مانع سنتز استروژن در پرنده­ های ماده با ژنوتیپ ماده و تولید نرهایی با ژنوتیپ ماده می­ شود. در این مطالعه، اثر تزریق درون تخم مرغی 0.1 میلی­گرم عصاره قارچ خوراکی، عصاره گزنه و فدرازول هیدروکلراید به عنوان مهارکننده آروماتاز در روز پنجم دوره جوجهکشی بر قابلیت جوجهدرآوری، تلفات جنینی و بازدهی تولیدی جوجه­های تفریخ شده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که هیچ تفاوت معنیداری در قابلیت جوجه­درآوری، تلفات جنینی طی دوره جوجهکشی و وزن جوجه­های تفریخ شده وجود نداشت. مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن روزانه در جوجه­های تفریخ شده از گروههای تزریق شده با عصاره قارچ و فدرازول هیدروکلراید بالاتر از دو گروه دیگر بود (0.05>P). همچنین، تزریق درون تخم مرغی عصاره قارچ، عصاره گزنه یا فدرازول هیدروکلرابد اثری بر درصد لاشه و اندامهای داخلی ایجاد ننمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Effects of Hydrolyzed Cottonseed Protein on Growth Performances, Carcass Traits, Immunity, Microbial and Morphological Responses of the Small Intestine and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Serum, and Small Intestine in Broiler Chickens
N. Landy F. Kheiri -
Open Access Article
295 - Growth Performance and Biochemical Parametersof Broiler Chickens on Diets Consist of Chicory (Cichorium intybus) and Nettle (Urtica dioica) with or without Multi-Enzyme
A. Safamehr F. Fallah A. Nobakht -
Open Access Article
296 - ویژگیهای صوتی و چندشکلی FoxP2 در جوجههای تیپ Crowing (Gallus gallus domesticus)
ب.اس. دریونو م. موشلیح آ.ب.آی. پرداماینجوجه تیپ crowing یکی از نژادهای مهم جوجه در اندونزی است. این مطالعه برای بررسی ویژگیهای crowing جوجههای Pelung و اثر چندشکلی اگزون 7 ژن FoxP2 در جوجههای بیصدا اجرا شد. جوجهها از پرورشدهندگان محلی جمعآوری شدند. ویژگیهای مورفولوژیکی و crowing جوجههای Pelung در Moreجوجه تیپ crowing یکی از نژادهای مهم جوجه در اندونزی است. این مطالعه برای بررسی ویژگیهای crowing جوجههای Pelung و اثر چندشکلی اگزون 7 ژن FoxP2 در جوجههای بیصدا اجرا شد. جوجهها از پرورشدهندگان محلی جمعآوری شدند. ویژگیهای مورفولوژیکی و crowing جوجههای Pelung در سیناجور، جاوای غربی، اندونزی انجام شد. پرورش جوجهها ( ♀Broiler×Pelung♂و ♀ Pelung×♂ F1)، استخراج DNA و تکثیر ژن FoxP2 در دانشکده بیولوژی، دانشگاه Gadjah Mada انجام شد. نتایج نشان دادند که طول دوره Crowing تقریباً 1.674 ± 8.453 ثانیه، شامل 0.210 ± 1.104 ثانیه اولین سیلاب، 1.274 ± 5.532 ثانیه دومین سیلاب، و 0.969 ± 1.858 ثانیه سومین سیلاب بود. تلاقیگری بین جوجههای Pelung و گوشتی منتج به ایجاد جوجههایی شد که همه از نوع غیر crowing بودند. نتایج پرورش ما نشان داد که صفات crowing بلند از وراثت اتوزومی نهفته پیروی میکند. توالییابی سنگر یک توالی اگزون 7 یکسان را در جوجههای بیصدا و تیپ crowing طبیعی آشکار ساخت. بنابراین، crowing یک ویژگی مهم برای تعیین جوجههای پرورشی خالص است، و آنالیز زیستی-صوتی در جوجههای نمایشی (chicken show) قابل اجرا بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - اثرات پودر کاسنی همراه با اسید بوتیریک بر صفات لاشه و برخی از فراسنجههای خونی در جوجههای گوشتی
م. فرامرززاده م. بهروزلک ف. صمدیان و. واحدیهدف این مطالعه تعین اثر سطوح مختلفی از پودر کاسنی به همراه اسید بوتیریک بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه، وزن نسبی اندام‎های داخلی و برخی از فراسنجه‏های خونی در جوجه‏های گوشتی بود. دویست و چهل جوجه یک روزه گوشتی (راس، 308) در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار و شش تکرا Moreهدف این مطالعه تعین اثر سطوح مختلفی از پودر کاسنی به همراه اسید بوتیریک بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه، وزن نسبی اندام‎های داخلی و برخی از فراسنجه‏های خونی در جوجه‏های گوشتی بود. دویست و چهل جوجه یک روزه گوشتی (راس، 308) در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار و شش تکرار در هر تیمار، شامل 10 جوجه در هر تکرار مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تیمارها عبارت بودند از: 1- شاهد (فاقد هر گونه افزودن پودر کاسنی و اسید بوتیریک به جیره)، 2- کیلوگرم/گرم 15 پودر کاسنی به علاوه 3/0 درصد اسید بوتیریک، 3- کیلوگرم/گرم 30 پودر کاسنی به علاوه 3/0 اسید بوتیریک و 4- کیلوگرم/گرم 45 اسید بوتیریک به علاوه 3/0 درصداسید بوتیریک. وزن بدن و مصرف خوراک پرنده‏ها در روزهای 21 و 46 به منظور تعیین عملکرد اندازه‎گیری و ثبت شد. در سن 46 روزگی دو پرنده از هر تکرار به طور تصادفی انتخاب شد و برای تعیین صفات لاشه و برخی از فراسنجه‏های خونی کشتار گردید. نتایج نشان داد که در دوره‏های رشد و پایانی و همچنین کل دوره پرورشی، افزایش وزن بدن پرنده‏ها در تیمار 4 به طور معنی‎داری بالاتر از تیمار شاهد و گروه‏های دیگر تیماری بود (05/0>P). وزن نسبی سینه و ران به عنوان درصدی از وزن زنده بدن، به طور معنی‏داری در پرندگان تیمار 4 در مقایسه با پرندگان تغذیه نموده از تیمار شاهد بالاتر بود. در کل در مطالعه حاضر، تغذیه کیلوگرم/گرم 45 پودر کاسنی به همراه 3/0 درصد اسید بوتیریک به جوجه‏های گوشتی، وزن بدن و بازده لاشه را افزایش داد (05/0>P)، ولی به جز کبد، بر وزن نسبی سایر اندام‏های احشایی و همچنین فراسنجه‎های خونی اثر معنی‏داری نداشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - تأثیر پودر کنگرفرنگی بر راندمان رشد، صفات لاشه و فراسنجههای خونی در جوجههای گوشتی
M. Tajodini F. Samadi S. Hasani S.R. Hashemi S. Samadiهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر مکمل نمودن جیره با کنگرفرنگی بر راندمان، صفات لاشه و برخی فراسنجه­های خونی جوجه­های گوشتی بود. تعداد 300 قطعه جوجه یکروزه (راس، 308)، به طور تصادفی به یکی از چهار تیمار تغذیه­ای شامل: جیره پایه (شاهد)، جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/1 Moreهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر مکمل نمودن جیره با کنگرفرنگی بر راندمان، صفات لاشه و برخی فراسنجه­های خونی جوجه­های گوشتی بود. تعداد 300 قطعه جوجه یکروزه (راس، 308)، به طور تصادفی به یکی از چهار تیمار تغذیه­ای شامل: جیره پایه (شاهد)، جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/1 و 3 درصد پودر کنگرفرنگی و نیز 300 میلی­گرم ویتامین ای به ازای هر کیلوگرم جیره اختصاص داده شد. هر جیره به 5 تکرار با 15 پرنده در هر تکرار، به مدت 42 روز اختصاص داده شد. مکمل کردن جیره با 3 درصد پودر کنگرفرنگی به طور معنی­داری (05/0P<) وزن بدن را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد کاهش داد. مصرف خوراک بیشتر (05/0P<) در گروه تغذیه شده با 5/1 درصد پودر کنگرفرنگی منجر به راندمان غذایی بهتر در مقایسه با گروه شاهد شد. غلظت­های پلاسمایی کل پروتئین و گلوبولین خون در روز 21 آزمایش، در گروه تیمار شده با 5/1 درصد پودر کنگرفرنگی کمتر (05/0P<) و در گروه شاهد بیشتر بود (05/0P<). غلظت پلاسمایی آلبومین خون در طول آزمایش از نظر آماری بدون تغییر بود. غلظت­های پلاسمایی پروتئین تام، آلبومین و گلوبولین خون در بین گروههای آزمایشی در روز 42 آزمایش بدون تغییر بودند. تفاوتهای معنی­داری در درصد هتروفیل و لمفوسیت و نیز نسبت هتروفیل به لمفوسیت بین تیمارهای تغذیه­ای در روز 28 آزمایش مشاهد شد، به طوری­که در پرنده­های تغذیه شده با جیره مکمل شده با پودر کنگرفرنگی، درصد هتروفیل بیشتر و درصد لمفوسیت کمتر بوده و در نتیجه نسبت هتروفیل به لمفوسیت در مقایسه با شاهد بیشتر بود. پرنده­های تیمارشده با کنگرفرنگی به طور معنی­داری (05/0P<) کمترین وزن سینه و ران را نشان دادند. وزن پانکراس در گروههای تیماری 5/1 درصد کنگرفرنگی و 300 میلیگرم ویتامین ای به ترتیب بیشتر و کمتر بود. وزن قلب، چربی شکمی، سنگدان و پیش معده در بین تیمارهای تغذیه­ای معنی­دار نبود. به طور کلی، این مطالعه نشان داد که پودر کنگرفرنگی به عنوان آنتی ­اکسیدان طبیعی ممکن است اثرات مثبتی بر راندمان رشد و صفات لاشه جوجه­ها داشته باشد، ولی تحقیقات بیشتر مورد نیاز است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - The Effect of Protease Enzyme and Replacement Soybean Meal by Cotton Seed Meal on Protein Efficiency and Performance in Broiler Chickens
M. Safari A.A. Saki S. Mirzaie Goudarzi A. Ahmadi A. Ashoori -
Open Access Article
300 - تأثیر منابع مختلف چربی بر عملکرد و متابولیتهای خونی در جیره پایانی جوجههای گوشتی
س.ع. میرقلنج ا. گلیان م.ع. بهروزلک س. مرادیاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات منابع اسیدهای چرب اشباع و غیر اشباع در جیره پایانی بر عملکرد، ذخایر چربی بدن و متابولیتهای سرم خون جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. این آزمایش با استفاده از 144 پرنده 28 روزه سویه تجاری راس (308) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تیمار و 6 تکرار Moreاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات منابع اسیدهای چرب اشباع و غیر اشباع در جیره پایانی بر عملکرد، ذخایر چربی بدن و متابولیتهای سرم خون جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. این آزمایش با استفاده از 144 پرنده 28 روزه سویه تجاری راس (308) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تیمار و 6 تکرار انجام شد. چهار تیمار جیرهای در این تحقیق شامل: سطوح 5 درصد از چربی پیه به عنوان منبع چربی اشباع و روغن زیتون، روغن کنجاله سویا و روغن کانولا به عنوان منابع چربی غیر اشباع بودند که در طول دوره پایانی پرورش جوجههای گوشتی از سن 29 تا 42 روزگی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. استفاده از چربی پیه در این آزمایش، مقادیر میانگین مصرف خوراک و میانگین افزایش وزن بدن را در مقایسه با روغنهای گیاهی بطور معنیداری کاهش داد (05/0­<­P). میزان چربی محوطه شکمی در پرندگانی که چربی پیه و روغن زیتون را مصرف کرده بودند در مقایسه با پرندگانی که روغن کنجاله سویا و روغن کانولا را مصرف کردند افزایش معنیداری نشان داد (05/0­<­P). در طی دوره پایانی، جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی چربی پیه نسبت به سایر تیمارها وزن نسبی کیسه صفرا بالاتری داشتند (05/0­<­P). میزان لیپوپروتئین با چگالی بالا (HDL) و تریگلیسرید سرم خون جوجههای گوشتی در سن 42 روزگی با مصرف روغن سویا و روغن کانولا در مقایسه با چربی پیه کاهش معنیداری را نشان دادند (05/0­<­P). این نتایج نشان میدهد که مقادیر عملکرد، چربی محوطه شکمی، وزن نسبی کیسه صفرا و برخی متابولیتهای سرم خون جوجههای گوشتی ممکن است با تغییر منابع چربی جیره در حدود 14 روز قبل از کشتار تغییر یابند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - تأثیر مکملسازی کوآنزیم کیو 10 بر عملکرد رشد، فعالیت آنزیمی و برخی فراسنجههای خونی در جوجههای گوشتی درگیر با سندرم افزایش فشار خونی ریوی (آسیت)
M. Fathiمطالعه حاضر برای بررسی اثرات مکمل­سازی کوآنزیم کیو 10 بر فعالیت آنزیم و فراسنجه­های خونی در جوجههای گوشتی درگیر با سندرم آسیت، انجام شد. 240 جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 به طور کاملاً تصادفی به 3 تیمار و برای هر تیمار 4 تکرار اختصاص یافتند. از روز 14 آزمایش، مقا Moreمطالعه حاضر برای بررسی اثرات مکمل­سازی کوآنزیم کیو 10 بر فعالیت آنزیم و فراسنجه­های خونی در جوجههای گوشتی درگیر با سندرم آسیت، انجام شد. 240 جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 به طور کاملاً تصادفی به 3 تیمار و برای هر تیمار 4 تکرار اختصاص یافتند. از روز 14 آزمایش، مقادیر0، 20 و 40 میلی­گرم به کیلوگرم خوراک پایه اضافه شد. همزمان هم با اعمال تیمارها، جهت القای آسیت، دمای سالن پرورشی به 15-10 درجه سانتیگراد کاهش یافت و این دما تا روز 42 حفظ گردید. تلفات نیر برای تشخیص دلیل مرگ و تعیین تلفات آسیتی به طور روزانه بررسی شدند. آزمایشات خونی، بیوشیمایی و پاتولوژیکی برای تشخص آسیت عبارت بودند از کل گلبولهای قرمز (RBC)، هموگلوبین (HGB)، هماتوکریت (HCT)، پروتئین و گلوکز خون، فعالیت آنزیم­های آلانین آمینوترانسفراز (ALT)، آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز (AST) و لاکتات دهیدروژناز (LDH). نمونه برداری از خون در روزهای 21 و 42 انجام شد. در پایان آزمایش، از هر قفس، 2 جوجه، به طور تصادفی انتخاب شده و بعد از کشتار، قبل آنها برداشته شد و بطن راست و بطن چپ از ناحیه سپتوم، جدا گشته و نسبت بطن راست به کل بطنها (RV/TV)، نیز محاسبه گشت. میانگین خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن حاصله و ضریب تبدیل غذایی نیز به طور هفتگی، از روز 15، اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که، مکمل­سازی 40 میلی­گرم کوآنزیم­کیو 10، سبب بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی شد (05/0P<). علاوه بر این، مکمل­سازی 40 میلی­گرم کوآنزیم ­کیو 10 در پرندگان سبب کاهش معنی­دار گلبول ­قرمز، گلوکز و پروتئین خون و هم چنین فعالیت آنزیم لاکتات­ دهیدروژناز پلاسما گشت. بین هموگلوبین و هماتوکریت خون پرندگان تیمارهای مختلف اختلاف معنی­داری مشاهده نشد. همچنین، سطح 40 میلی­گرم کوآنزیم­ کیو 10 سبب کاهش معنی­دار مالون ­دی­آلدئید (MDA)، تلفات آسیتی و شاخص نسبت بطن راست به کل بطن شد. نتیجه­گیری اینکه کوآنزیم­ کیو 10 می­تواند با اثرات آنتی ­اکسیدانی سبب ایجاد محافظت از سلولهای قلبی و گلبول قرمز شده واز تلفات آسیتی در جوجه­های گوشتی جلوگیری نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - بررسی پلی مورفیسم ژن گیرنده دوپامین و ارتباط آن با صفات رشد و تولید تخم مرغ در جمعیت مرغان بومی آذربایجان غربی
م. غلامی م. غفاری ع. هاشمیهدف از تحقیق حاضر مطالعه چند شکلی تک نوکلئوتیدی در ژن­ DRD1 و ارتباط آن با صفات رشد و تولید تخم مرغ در جمعیت مرغان بومی آذربایجان غربی با روش PCR-SSCP بود. برای این منظور نمونه­های خون از 180 قطعه مرغ بومی واقع در ایستگاه اصلاح نژاد مرغ بومی آذربایجان غربی گرفته Moreهدف از تحقیق حاضر مطالعه چند شکلی تک نوکلئوتیدی در ژن­ DRD1 و ارتباط آن با صفات رشد و تولید تخم مرغ در جمعیت مرغان بومی آذربایجان غربی با روش PCR-SSCP بود. برای این منظور نمونه­های خون از 180 قطعه مرغ بومی واقع در ایستگاه اصلاح نژاد مرغ بومی آذربایجان غربی گرفته شد. استخراج DNA به روش بهینه یافته نمکی صورت گرفت. قطعه 283 جفت بازی ژن DRD1با استفاده از واکنش زنجیره­ای پلیمراز تکثیر گردید. روش تفاوت فرم فضایی رشته­های منفرد (SSCP) جهت شناسایی چند شکلی در نمونه­ها بکار برده شد. برای شناسایی جهش تک نوکلئوتیدی از روش توالی­یابی استفاده گردید. برای این منظور 4 نمونه از هر الگوی باندی متفاوت برای توالی­یابی ارسال گردید که در نتیجه آن سه نوع ژنوتیپ AA، AG و GG به­ ترتیب با فراوانی 42/0، 49/0 و 09/0 مشاهده شدند. از رویه GLM نرم افزار SAS برای آنالیز داده­ها استفاده گردید. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که ناحیه مورد بررسی این ژن چند شکل می­باشد، بین ژنوتیپهای مشاهده شده و صفات تولید تخم ­مرغ ارتباط معنیداری وجود دارد. بنابراین این ژن می­تواند به عنوان جایگاه ژنی کاندیدا و یا پیوسته با ژن بزرگ اثر مرتبط با صفات تولید مثلی در مرغ بومی باشد. Manuscript profile -
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303 - Assessment of Lipid Metabolism in Broilers against Plant Extract and Probiotic Substance or Their Combined Use
G. Duskaev O. Kvan I. Vershinina S. Rakhmatullin -
Open Access Article
304 - ارزیابی نگهداری و دما بر کیفیت فیزیکی تخم مرغ برای جوجه های لاین در اوج تولید
ان. درجیهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر ذخیرهسازی و دما بر کیفیت فیزیکی تخم مرغ در جوجه های لاین بود. در مجموع 150 تخم مرغ از مزرعه دانشکده منابع طبیعی برای آزمایش حاضر جمعآوری شدند. حدود 70 تخم مرغ در یخچال خانگی (دما، 46/7±23/0 درجه سانتیگراد، رطوبت نسبی، 05/0±80 Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر ذخیرهسازی و دما بر کیفیت فیزیکی تخم مرغ در جوجه های لاین بود. در مجموع 150 تخم مرغ از مزرعه دانشکده منابع طبیعی برای آزمایش حاضر جمعآوری شدند. حدود 70 تخم مرغ در یخچال خانگی (دما، 46/7±23/0 درجه سانتیگراد، رطوبت نسبی، 05/0±80/24 درصد) و درجه حرارت اتاق (دما، 12/1±98/22 درجه سانتیگراد، رطوبت نسبی، 50/2±93/48 درصد) نگهداری شدند. از صحت شرایط با نصب غربالگری دادهها اطمینان حاصل شد. صفات کیفی تخم مرغ مورد بررسی شامل وزن تخم مرغ، شاخص شکل تخم مرغ، وزن مخصوص، حجم تخم مرغ، ضخامت پوسته، مرغ، شاخص زرده و pH سفیده بود. نتایج نشان میدهند که اثر ذخیرهسازی طولانی مدت بر کیفیت تخم مرغ مؤثر است و این اثر معنیدار بود (05/0>P). کیفیت تخم مرغ نگهداری شده در دمای اتاق در مقایسه با آنهایی که در یک محیط سرد قرار داده شدند، به سرعت کاسته میشد . در میان صفات مورد مطالعه در تخم مرغ به نظر میرسد، pH سفیده برای بررسی کیفیت تازگی تخم مرغ به دلیل روند ثابت آن قابل اعتماد باشد. با توجه به اطلاعات با pH سفیده تخم مرغ، تخم مرغهایی که به مدت 10 روز تحت شرایط سرد نگهداری شدند شبیه به تخم مرغ تازه باقی مانده و روزهای بعد به نظر میرسد به طور معنیداری (05/0>P) متفاوت است. علاوه بر این، این مطالعه اهمیت ضریب همبستگی در تعیین افت کیفی تخم مرغ در ذخیرهسازی طولانی را تأیید کرد. Manuscript profile -
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305 - اثر ضد اکسیدانی مکمل جیرهای عصاره آویشن شیرازی روی حساسیت گوشت جوجههای گوشتی به اکسیداسیون لیپیدی در طی ذخیرهسازی به صورت منجمد
ف. محمدپور ح. درمانیکوهی م. مطیحی اصلیدر این آزمایش، تأثیر مکملسازی عصاره آویشن شیرازی روی حساسیت گوشت جوجه­های گوشتی به اکسیداسیون در طول ذخیرهسازی در فریزر در دمای 20- درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 6 ماه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. 336 قطعه جوجه یکروزه به 7 تیمار در 4 تکرار (12 جوجه در هر تکرار) در یک طرح کا Moreدر این آزمایش، تأثیر مکملسازی عصاره آویشن شیرازی روی حساسیت گوشت جوجه­های گوشتی به اکسیداسیون در طول ذخیرهسازی در فریزر در دمای 20- درجه سانتی­گراد به مدت 6 ماه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. 336 قطعه جوجه یکروزه به 7 تیمار در 4 تکرار (12 جوجه در هر تکرار) در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی اختصاص داده شد. جیره­های آزمایشی در این مطالعه شامل: تیمار 1) جیره پایه (گروه کنترل، بدون عصاره آویشن شیرازی)، تیمار 2 و 3) به ترتیب جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/0 و 1 درصد عصاره آویشن شیرازی به مدت 42 روز، تیمار 4 و 5) به ترتیب جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/0 و 1 درصد عصاره آویشن شیرازی در 2 هفته پایانی دوره پرورش و تیمار 6 و 7) به ترتیب جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/0 و 1 درصد عصاره آویشن شیرازی در 1 هفته پایانی دوره پرورش، بودند. حساسیت گوشت به اکسیداسیون چربی به وسیله اندازه­گیری pH و سطح مواد واکنش دهنده با تیوباربیتوریک اسید (TBARS) در ماهیچه ران پس از 2، 4 و 6 ماه دوره ذخیرهسازی تعیین شد. نتایج حاصل تأثیر تیمار با عصاره آویشن شیرازی بر ثبات اکسیداتیو گوشت در جوجه­های گوشتی را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد نشان داد (05/0P<). با افزایش مدت زمان ذخیرهسازی، میزان TBARS در گوشت افزایش و میزان pH و رطوبت گوشت کاهش یافت (05/0P<). Manuscript profile -
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306 - اثر مکمل لیزین سنتتیک روی عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی در مرحله پایانی
M. Melaku M. Urge G. Animut A. Getuاین مطالعه برای ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف لیزین سنتتیک روی ماده خشک مصرفی، متوسط افزایش وزن روزانه، ضریب تبدیل ماده خشک، خصوصیات لاشه و راندمان اقتصادی تولید جوجه­های گوشتی در مرحله پایانی انجام شد. 240 قطعه جوجه گوشتی به­ طور تصادفی بر پایه یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی Moreاین مطالعه برای ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف لیزین سنتتیک روی ماده خشک مصرفی، متوسط افزایش وزن روزانه، ضریب تبدیل ماده خشک، خصوصیات لاشه و راندمان اقتصادی تولید جوجه­های گوشتی در مرحله پایانی انجام شد. 240 قطعه جوجه گوشتی به­ طور تصادفی بر پایه یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار تیمار جیره­ای توزیع شدند. جیره شاهد دارای محتوای لیزین 3/0 و 2/0 درصد پائین­تر از سطح توصیه شده بود. چهار جیره با استفاده از لیزین سنتتیک در سطوح 0، 50، 100و 150 درصد ازمقدارتوصیه لیزین تنظیم شدند. تفاوت معنیداری در میان تیمارها در ماده خشک مصرفی کل و روزانه، انرژی قابل متابولیسم، مصارف پروتئین و ضریب تبدیل خوراک مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). وزن پایانی (1665، 1707 و 1768 گرم (اشتباه معیار میانگین­ها=04/18)) و متوسط افزایش وزن روزانه در کل دوره (33، 1/33، 9/33 و 5/35 گرم در روز (اشتباه معیار میانگین­ها=36/0) برایT1، T2، T3و T4به ترتیب) به­ طور معنی­داری برای طیور نگهداری شده در جیره T4 بالاتر بود(05/0P<). هیچ اختلاف معنی­داری در مقدار تلفات در میان تیمارها آزمایشی مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). وزن لاشه (1407، 1426، 1461 و 1510 گرم (اشتباه معیار میانگین­ها=07/15))، وزن سینه (329، 334، 338 و 365 گرم (اشتباه معیار میانگین­ها=09/5)) و وزن ران (134، 137، 135 و 150 گرم (اشتباه معیار میانگین­ها=3/2) برای T1، T2، T3و T4به ترتیب) برای تیمار 4 در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها بیشتر بود. در نتیجه، اضافه نمودن 5/12 درصد لیزین سنتتیک بیش از سطح توسعه شده توسط جداول احتیاجات غذایی عملکرد جوجه­های گوشتی و سودآوری را بهبود داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - اثر سویه، سن و ارتباط بین کیفیت خارجی و داخلی تخم مرغ در دو سویه از طیور تخمگذار در مناطق جلگهای گینه شمالی در نیجریه
ام. کبیر آر.اُ. سلیمان آر.کا. ادریس اس.بی. آبدو اُ.ام. دائودو اس.ام. یاشیم ام.آر. حسن اچ.وای. آدامو ان.ام. اچه تی.اس. اُلوگبمی آی.آی. آددیبوآزمایشی برای تعیین تفاوت­های موجود در وزن بدن (BW)، مصرف خوراک (FI) و برخی از صفات تولید تخم دو سویه از طیور تخمگذار (ایسا بران و نرا بلاک) و تعیین همبستگی بین صفات مورد بررسی صورت گرفت. مطالعه در سن 26 هفتگی مرغان تخمگذار آغاز شد و مجموع 200 مرغ (100 مرغ از هر سو Moreآزمایشی برای تعیین تفاوت­های موجود در وزن بدن (BW)، مصرف خوراک (FI) و برخی از صفات تولید تخم دو سویه از طیور تخمگذار (ایسا بران و نرا بلاک) و تعیین همبستگی بین صفات مورد بررسی صورت گرفت. مطالعه در سن 26 هفتگی مرغان تخمگذار آغاز شد و مجموع 200 مرغ (100 مرغ از هر سویه) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. 60 تخم مرغ تازه (30 تخم از هر سویه) در هفته­های 26، 32 و 38 تخمگذاری جمع آوری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس اثر اصلی سویه، تفاوت­های معنیدار (05/0>P) در BW را نشان می­دهد که ایسا بران (IB) دارای وزن سنگین­تری (1978 گرم) نسبت به نرا بلاک (NB) بود (1887 گرم). در هر حال، سویه بر FI اثری نداشت. مقادیر صفات کیفیت خارجی تخم مرغ برای وزن تخم مرغ، وزن پوسته تخم مرغ و ضخامت پوسته تخم مرغ به ترتیب به صورت 06/58 گرم در مقابل 26/54 گرم، 4/5 گرم در مقابل 00/5 گرم و 44/0 میلیمتر در مقابل 31/0 میلیمتر بود که مقادیر مربوطه برای سویه IB بیشتر بود. درحالیکه مقادیر صفات کیفیت داخلی تخم مرغ برای وزن سفیده، وزن زرده و ارتفاع زرده به ترتیب به صورت 46/36 گرم در مقابل 60/33 گرم، 60/15 گرم در مقابل 26/12 گرم و 86/1 سانتیمتر در مقابل 62/1 سانتیمتر بود که مقادیر مربوطه برای سویه IB بیشتر بود. صفات دیگر (طول تخم مرغ، عرض تخم مرغ، ارتفاع سفیده و واحد هاو) به وسیله سویه تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفتند. اثر اصلی سن نشان داد که بیشتر صفات داخلی و خارجی تخم مرغ با افزایش سن مرغ­های تخمگذار کاهش یافت. وزن زرده با افزایش سن مرغ­های تخمگذار افزایش یافت که این مطلب اشاره ضمنی به این موضوع دارد که تخم مرغ­های پرندگان جوان­تر دارای مقدار کلسترول کمتری هستند. تجزیه همبستگی برای بیشتر صفات مورد مطالعه مثبت بود. BW به طور مثبت و معنی­داری (05/0>P) با FI (73/0) و وزن تخم مرغ (54/0) همبسته بود. نتیجه گرفته می­شود که سن از نظر عددی بیشتر صفات کیفیت مورد مطالعه را کاهش داد، درحالیکه سویه اثر معنی­داری بر BW داشت و برخی از صفات کیفیت تخم مرغ در سویه ایسا بران دارای عملکرد بهتری نسبت به سویه نرا بلاک در مناطق جلگه­ای منطقه گینه شمالی در نیجریه هستند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - بررسی عملکرد رشد، خصوصیات لاشه، کیفیت بستر و وقوع جراحات پا در جوجههای گوشتی رشد یافته در تراکمهای بالای پرورش
د. فرهادی س.م. حسینیبه منظور بررسی اثرات تراکم­های مختلف بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه، کیفیت بستر و وقوع جرحات پا دو آزمایش مکرر با استفاده از 5224 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه سویه راس 308 انجام گرفت. در هر آزمایش، تعداد 2612 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه در تراکم­های 16، 18، 20 و 22 قطعه در متر مر Moreبه منظور بررسی اثرات تراکم­های مختلف بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه، کیفیت بستر و وقوع جرحات پا دو آزمایش مکرر با استفاده از 5224 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه سویه راس 308 انجام گرفت. در هر آزمایش، تعداد 2612 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه در تراکم­های 16، 18، 20 و 22 قطعه در متر مربع بستر با چهار تکرار به 16 پن آزمایشی مستقر در یک سالن مرغداری با سیستم کنترل شده محیطی اختصاص داده شدند. اطلاعات حاصل از هر دو دوره آزمایش برای تجزیه و تحلیل آماری با یکدیگر ادغام شدند. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش تراکم در واحد سطح بستر، اضافه وزن بدن به طور معنیداری کاهش یافت (05/0>P). تراکم­های بالاتر از 16 پرنده در هر متر مربع بستر به طور معنی­داری موجب کاهش اضافه وزن بدن در دوره 1 الی 21 روزگی و تراکم بالاتر از 20 پرنده در هر متر مربع بستر در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها به طور معنی­داری موجب کاهش اضافه وزن بدن در دوره 22 الی 42 روزگی و کل دوره آزمایش گردید (05/0>P). وزن افزوده شده نهایی به شکل کیلوگرم وزن زنده در هر متر مربع بستر با افزایش تراکم به طور خطی افزایش یافت (05/0>P). تیمارهای آزمایشی فاقد اثرات معنی­دار بر ضریب تبدیل غذایی، میزان تلفات، شاخص کارایی تولید، صفات مربوط به لاشه (وزن لاشه، اوزان نسبی کبد، چربی حفره بطنی، بورس فابریسیوس و طحال) و اندازهگیری­های مربوط به بستر (رطوبت، pH و سطح آمونیاک) بودند (05/0<P). افزایش تراکم در واحد سطح منجر به افزایش معنی­دار در وقوع زخم کف پا شد (05/0<P)، در حالی که سوختگی مفصل خرگوشی تحت تأثیر افزایش تراکم قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده از آزمایش، نتیجهگیری می­شود که تراکم 20 قطعه در هر متر مربع بستر، یک تراکم مناسب برای پرورش جوجه گوشتی در سالن واجد سیستم کنترل شرایط محیطی می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
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309 - Effect of Tempol in Sasaki Diluent on the Quality and Fertility of Cryopreserved Chicken Semen
M. Shanmugam R.K. Mahapatra -
Open Access Article
310 - Effects of Varying Levels of Oxidized Fat and Copper Sulfate on Broiler Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Metabolites and Immune Cells
A. Nobakht A. Sehati H. Aghdam Shahryar -
Open Access Article
311 - انواع ژنتیکی ترانسفرین در اکوتیپ فولانی و یوروبا جوجههای بومی نیجریه
آ.اُ. ایگ آ.ای. سالاکوجوجه­های اکوتیپ فولانی (FEC) و جوجههای اکوتیپ یوروبا (YEC) دو نوع اصلی جوجههای بومی در نیجریه هستند. آنها در شرایط پرورش سنتی زندگی میکنند و بنابراین آمیزش آنها سیستم خاصی ندارد و تنوع ژنتیکی آنها از بین رفته است. FEC و YEC جهت تعیین تنوع ژنتیکی جایگاه ژنی ترانسف Moreجوجه­های اکوتیپ فولانی (FEC) و جوجههای اکوتیپ یوروبا (YEC) دو نوع اصلی جوجههای بومی در نیجریه هستند. آنها در شرایط پرورش سنتی زندگی میکنند و بنابراین آمیزش آنها سیستم خاصی ندارد و تنوع ژنتیکی آنها از بین رفته است. FEC و YEC جهت تعیین تنوع ژنتیکی جایگاه ژنی ترانسفرین با استفاده از الکتروفورز استات سلولز و ایجاد ارتباط ژنتیکی در درون و میان این دو اکوتیپ مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. روش مستقیم شمارش ژن برای تفسیر نتایج پس از الکتروفورز مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. از آمارههای توصیفی دیرینه شناسی (PAST) برای ایجاد دندوگرامی استفاده شد که برای اندازهگیری تشابه ژنتیکی بکار گرفته میشود. ترانسفرین بر اساس پنج فنوتیپ (AA، AB، BB، AC و BC) تفسیر میشود که توارث آنها از نظر ژنتیکی توسط سه آلل هم بارز (TfA، TfB و TfC) کنترل میشود. فراوانیهای ژنی TfA، TfB و TfCدر YEC به ترتیب 35/0، 2/0 و 43/0 و در FEC به ترتیب 21/0، 32/0 و 44/0 بود. درحالیکه فراوانیهای ژنوتیپی برای YEC به ترتیب 5/12، 10، 75، 35، 5/17 و 15 درصد و برای FEC به ترتیب 19/11، 5/2، 6/16، 2/22 و 7/27 درصد بودند. خوشههای اصلی مشاهده شده از روی دندوگرام نشان میدهند که 72 درصد تشابه ژنتیکی در FEC، 58 درصد تشابه ژنتیکی در YEC و 70 درصد تشابه ژنتیکی بین FEC و YEC وجود دارد. هیچ ارتباط ژنتیکی بین ترانسفرین و صفات فنوتیپی (جنسیت، رنگ پر و بال و نوع تاج) وجود نداشت. در نتیجه، دو جمعیت از نظر جایگاه ژنی ترانسفرین ارتباط نزدیکی با هم دارند. باید در ارتباط با نشانگرهای پروتئینی دیگر و در سطح DNA مطالعات بیشتری صورت گیرد و در جهت جلوگیری از حذف بیشتر این جوجهها و توسعه نژادهای لاین جوجه در نیجریه باید روشهای حفاظتی بکار گرفته شوند. Manuscript profile -
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312 - اثرات سطوح مختلف کنجاله کانولا با و بدون آنزیم بر عملکرد و سطوح مختلف T3،T4 و TSH در جوجههای گوشتی
م. احمدیاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف کنجاله کانولا بر عملکرد و مقدار T3، T4 و هورمون محرک تیروئید (TSH) جوجه های گوشتی انجام گردید. تحقیق حاضر در 8 تیمار به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل 2 × 4 شامل 4 سطح کنجاله کانولا (0، 5،10 و 15 درصد) و دو سطح آنزیم (0 و 05/0 درصد Moreاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف کنجاله کانولا بر عملکرد و مقدار T3، T4 و هورمون محرک تیروئید (TSH) جوجه های گوشتی انجام گردید. تحقیق حاضر در 8 تیمار به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل 2 × 4 شامل 4 سطح کنجاله کانولا (0، 5،10 و 15 درصد) و دو سطح آنزیم (0 و 05/0 درصد) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تکرار انجام شد. مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی در 8، 21 و 42 روزگی اندازهگیری شدند. به منظور بررسی سطوح T3، T4 و هورمون محرک تیروئید در انتهای دوره، سه جوجه از هر گروه تیمار برای اندازهگیری محتویات خون انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان داد، که سطوح مختلف کنجاله کانولا و آنزیم از لحاظ ضریب تبدیل غذایی، افزایش وزن و مصرف خوراک اختلاف معنیداری وجود نداشت (05/0>P). درحالیکه اثرات متقابل کنجاله کانولا و آنزیم بر بهبود مصرف خوراک اثر معنیداری داشت (05/0>P). تیمارها اثرات معنیداری بر مقدار T3 و TSH در سرم خون که کاهش را نشان دادند، داشت. با افزایش کنجاله و آنزیم در جیره مقدار T4 به صورت معنیداری تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفت. لذا براساس نتایج به نظر میرسد کنجاله کانولا را میتوان در جیره جوجههای گوشتی بدون کاهش در عملکرد تا سطح 15 درصد استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile -
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313 - The Effects of Feeding Watermelon Seed Meal and Full Fat Seed on Broiler Chicks Growth
H.S. Shazali E.A. El-Zubeir O.M.A. Abdelhadi -
Open Access Article
314 - Comparative Study of Probiotic, Acidifier, Antibiotic Growth Promoters and Prebiotic on Activity of HumoralImmune and Performance Parameters of Broiler Chickens
S. Mahdavi A. Zakeri Y. Mehmannavaz A. Nobakht -
Open Access Article
315 - منابع بتائین به عنوان دهندگان گروه متیل در جیرههای جوجههای گوشتی
ر. پریرا جی.ف.م. منتن ف.آ. لنگو م.ب. لیما ل.و. فریتاس کا.سی. زاواریزبتائین دهنده گروه­های متیل بوده و به همین دلیل می­تواند جایگزین بخشی از متیونین در جیره­ها گردد. هدف از این مطالعه، ارزیابی سه منبع بتائین جهت جایگزینی بخشی از مکمل متیونین در جیره­های جوجه­های گوشتی بوده است. 500 جوجه گوشتی کاب در یک طرح کاملاً تصاد Moreبتائین دهنده گروه­های متیل بوده و به همین دلیل می­تواند جایگزین بخشی از متیونین در جیره­ها گردد. هدف از این مطالعه، ارزیابی سه منبع بتائین جهت جایگزینی بخشی از مکمل متیونین در جیره­های جوجه­های گوشتی بوده است. 500 جوجه گوشتی کاب در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تیمار و 7 تکرار (هرکدام شامل 49 پرنده) مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. تیمار شاهد مثبت شامل سطح استانداردی از متیونی قابل هضم بوده و در شاهد منفی 17 درصد از متیونین قابل هضم جایگزین گردیده و سایر تیمارها نیز شامل سطح متیونین جیره شاهد منفی همراه با بتائین طبیعی (95 درصد) یا هیدروکلرید بتائین (72 درصد) بوده، HCl 1 و HCl 2 که ترکیبی مشابه داشته و از دو کارخانه مختلف تهیه شده بودند. عملکرد از 7 تا 21 روزگی، 7 تا 35 روزگی و 7 تا 43 روزگی ارزیابی گردید. در 43 روزگی، لاشه و بخش­های لاشه (شامل: سینه، ران و مچ­پا، کبد و چربی بطنی) جدا گردیده و آنالیز اقتصادی هر جیره انجام شد. نتایج عملکرد شاهد منفی مشابه سایر تیمارها بود. ولی گوشت سینه تولیدی در پرندگان تغذیه شده با شاهد منفی در مقایسه با شاهد مثبت و بتائین HCl 2 کاهش یافت. پرندگان حاصل از شاهد منفی کمترین تولید گوشت را داشته و بیشترین تولید ران و مچ­پا را نشان دادند. جوجه­های تغذیه شده با بتائین HCl 2 سینه بزرگ­تری در لاشه داشته (85/42 در مقایسه با 17/41 درصد) و هزینه تولید سینه در آنها در مقایسه با شاهد منفی کاهش داشت (941/1 دلار در برابر 042/2 دلار). تفاوتی بین تیمارها در تولید لاشه، درصد کبد و چربی بطنی دیده نشد. در پرندگانی که با جیره شاهد منفی تغذیه شدند، تمایل به ذخیره چربی بطنی در لاشه بیشتر بود. به عنوان یک نتیجه کلی، در نظر گرفتن بتائین در جیره­های گوشتی حاوی سطوح محدود متیونین از نظر اقتصادی به صرفه­تر بوده و هزینه تولید گوشت سینه را کاهش می­دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - اثرات سطوح مختلف اشباع و غیر اشباع و ترکیب آنها در دورههای رشد و پایانی بر عملکرد تولید و چربیهای خون جوجههای گوشتی
گ.ف. بیگی ع. نوبختاین آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف چربیهای اشباع و غیر اشباع و ترکیب آنها در دورههای رشد و پایانی بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه و سطح چربیهای خون جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش تعداد 432 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 از 11 تا 42 روزگی در 9 گروه آزمایشی و 4 Moreاین آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف چربیهای اشباع و غیر اشباع و ترکیب آنها در دورههای رشد و پایانی بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه و سطح چربیهای خون جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش تعداد 432 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 از 11 تا 42 روزگی در 9 گروه آزمایشی و 4 تکرار و 12 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار در دورههای رشد (11 تا 24 روزگی) و پایانی (25 تا 42 روزگی) در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. گروههای آزمایشی شامل: 1) گروه شاهد (بدون چربی)، 2) گروه حاوی 2 درصد روغن کلزا، 3) گروه حاوی 4 درصد روغن کلزا، 4) گروه حاوی 2 درصد پیه گاوی، 5) گروه حاوی 4 درصد پیه گاوی، 6) گروه حاوی 2 درصد روغن کلزا + 2 درصد پیه گاوی، 7) گروه حاوی 4 درصد روغن کلزا + 2 درصد پیه گاوی، 8) گروه حاوی 2 درصد روغن کلزا + 4 درصد پیه گاوی و 9) گروه حاوی 4 درصد روغن کلزا + 4 درصد پیه گاوی بودند. در دوره رشد، سطوح و منابع مختلف چربی اثرات معنیداری بر عملکرد جوجهها نداشتند. در دوره پایانی بیشترین مقدار افزایش وزن روزانه و بیشترین وزن نهایی در گروه 8 به دست آمد (05/0>P). در کل دوره تغذیه بهترین ضریب تبدیل خوراک و بیشترین وزن نهایی در گروه 8 مشاهده شد (05/0>P). کمترین مقادیر روده، چربی بطنی، سنگدان و کبد متعلق به گروه شاهد بود (05/0>P). با این وجود، در خصوص این صفات تفاوتی بین گروه شاهد و گروه 8 مشاهده شد. استفاده از سطوح مختلف چربیهای اشباع و غیر اشباع در دورههای رشد و پایانی اثرات معنیداری بر سطح چربیهای خون جوجهها نداشت (05/0<P). نتایج نهایی نشان داد که در جوجههای گوشتی استفاده از مخلوط چربیهای اشباع و غیر اشباع دارای اثرات سودمندی بر عملکرد آنها میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - نانوذرات چیتولیگوساکارید انباشته از آهن وقوع کندرونکروزیس باکتریایی با پوکی استخوان در جوجههای گوشتی را کاهش میدهد
ع. یوسفی ع.ا. ساکیمطالعه حاضر برای بررسی اثرات جیره نانوذرات چیتولیگوساکارید انباشته از آهن (Fe-CNP) روی وقوع کندرونکروزیس باکتریایی با پوکس استخوان (BCO) در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. 400 جوجه هشت روزه (Ross 308) به چهار تیمار با شش تکرار از 20 پرنده اختصاص یافتند. تمامی جوجهها روی سیستم Moreمطالعه حاضر برای بررسی اثرات جیره نانوذرات چیتولیگوساکارید انباشته از آهن (Fe-CNP) روی وقوع کندرونکروزیس باکتریایی با پوکس استخوان (BCO) در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. 400 جوجه هشت روزه (Ross 308) به چهار تیمار با شش تکرار از 20 پرنده اختصاص یافتند. تمامی جوجهها روی سیستم کفپوش سیمی تا سن 42 روزگی پرورش یافتند. جیره شاهد براساس توصیههای Aviagen به غیر از مکمل آهن فرموله شده بودند. گروههای آزمایشی شامل: 10 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم Fe از Fe-CNP (گروه Fe-CNP)، 20 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم Fe از FeSO4(گروه FeSO4) و 20 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم Fe از FeSO4 + CNP (گروه FeSO4 + CNP) بودند. نتایج یک افزایش معنیدار در فاکتور بهرهوری تولید، رشد وزنی و FCR در تمامی گروههای مکمل­سازی شده با Fe (05/0P<) در مقایسه با شاهد نشان دادند. خوراک مصرفی تفاوت معنیداری بین گروهها نداشت (05/0P<). سطح فاکتور آلفا نکروزیس تومور پلاسما (TNF-α) به طور معنیداری توسط Fe-CNP کاهش یافت، اگرچه سطح ایمونوگلوبولین G (IgG) سرم به طور معنیداری در این گروه افزایش یافت (05/0P<). شیوع امتیازات راه رفتن با اختلال (3GS≥) در پرندگان زنده در روز 42 تفاوت معنیداری بین تیمارهای جیرهای نشان نداد (05/0P<). ارزیابی جوجههای لنگ شده نشان داد که شاهد و Fe-CNP کمتر اختلالات راه رفتن کمتری داشتند (05/0P<). مکمل FeSO4به طور معنیداری درصد آسیبهای استخوانهای femur و tibia را افزایش داد (05/0P<). ارزیابی پای جوجههای زنده نشان داد که گروههای Fe-CNP و شاهد وقوع بیشتری از femur طبیعی (NF) و درصد کمتری از نکروز femur انتقالی (FHT) و آسیبهای کلی femur (تمامی F؛ 05/0P<) ارائه دادند. نکروز سر استخوان ران (FHN) و FHS به طور معنیداری توسط تیمارهای جیرهای تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفتند (05/0P<). به طور کلی، مکمل Fe-CNP، توسط بهبود سیستم ایمنی، وقوع آسیبهای BCO در جوجههای گوشتی را کاهش میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - پاسخ جوجههای گوشتی نوین به افزودن پودر دارچین در جیره
ک. شیرزادگانهدف این مقاله مطالعه پاسخهای عملکرد تولیدی، خصوصیات لاشه و اجزای پلاسمایی جوجههای گوشتی امروزی به افزودن پودر دارچین (CP) در جیره بود. جوجههای گوشتی سویه تجاری (راس 308) از 1 تا 42 روزگی مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. این مطالعه در قالب یک طرح کاملا" تصادفی با 5 تیمار و 4 ت Moreهدف این مقاله مطالعه پاسخهای عملکرد تولیدی، خصوصیات لاشه و اجزای پلاسمایی جوجههای گوشتی امروزی به افزودن پودر دارچین (CP) در جیره بود. جوجههای گوشتی سویه تجاری (راس 308) از 1 تا 42 روزگی مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. این مطالعه در قالب یک طرح کاملا" تصادفی با 5 تیمار و 4 تکرار (15 جوجه در هر پن) شامل: 1) جیره شاهد (جیره پایه)، 2) جیره پایه بعلاوه 25/0 درصد CP، 3) جیره پایه بعلاوه 5/0 درصد CP، 4) جیره پایه بعلاوه 75/0 درصد CP، 5) جیره پایه بعلاوه 1 درصد CP انجام گرفت. افزودن CP به جیره جوجههای گوشتی هیچ اثر معنیداری (05/0P>) روی کلسترول، تریگلیسرید، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته پائین (LDL)، وزنهای چربی محوطه بطنی، سنگدان، قلب و درصد پروتئین سینه نداشت. همچنین افزودن CP اثر معنیداری (05/0P<) را روی وزن نهایی بدن، افزایش وزن بدن، مصرف خوراک، ضریب تبدیل خوراک (FCR)، وزن کبد، میزان گلوکز، تیوباربیتوریک اسید (TBA) و درصد چربی عضله سینه جوجههای گوشتی نداشت. بیشترین (05/0P<) FCR و افزایش وزن بدن در انتهای دوره آزمایش با جیره 3 مشاهده شد. به طور کلی، افزودن CP به جیره جوجههای گوشتی موجب بهبود وزن بدن و کاهش TBA، گلوکز، LDL و وزن برخی از اندامهای داخلی گشت. با توجه به نتایج اشاره شده در فوق، استفاده از پودر دارچین به عنوان یکی از اجزای خوراکی در جیره جوجههای گوشتی میتواند پیشنهاد گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Effect of Thyroid Activity Modulation on Some Histological and Biochemical Aspects in Broiler Chicks
I. El-Wardany E.F. El-Daly A.H. Abd El-Gawad A.E.A. Hemid N.A. Abd El-Azeem -
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320 - Effect of Substituting Soybean Meal with Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata WAL) Supplemented with Natural Plant Charcoals in Broiler Diet on Growth Performances and Carcass Characteristics
J.R. Kana A. Teguia A. Fomekong -
Open Access Article
321 - Evaluating the Reproductive and Egg Production Traits of Local Chickens and Their F1 Crosses with RhodeIsland Red and Fayoumi Breeds under Farmers’ Management Conditions
A. Melesse M. Alewi Y. Teklegiorgis -
Open Access Article
322 - Differences between the Expression of the FSH and LH Genes in the Pituitary Gland of Three Populations of Iranian Native Hens and Hyline W-36
H. Javaheri Barfourooshi S.A. Hosseini A.H. Alizadeh-Ghamsari A. Yaghobfar -
Open Access Article
323 - تأثیر استفاده از برگ ترخون (Mentha piperita) و برگ نعناع فلفلی (Artemisia dracunculus) در جیره بر عملکرد رشد و پاسخ پادتن جوجههای گوشتی
ف. خلیق قرهتپه ا. حسنآبادی ح. سمنانی نژاد م.ر. نصیریآزمایشی با هدف ارزیابی اثر انفرادی و ترکیبی دو گیاه دارویی بر عملکرد رشد، خصوصیات لاشه، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و پاسخ ایمنی جوجه­های گوشتی انجام گردید. تعداد 384 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه آربور آکرس، مخلوط دو جنس، در 24 قفس زمینی نصب شده در یک سالن تجاری جوجه گوشتی در مج Moreآزمایشی با هدف ارزیابی اثر انفرادی و ترکیبی دو گیاه دارویی بر عملکرد رشد، خصوصیات لاشه، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و پاسخ ایمنی جوجه­های گوشتی انجام گردید. تعداد 384 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه آربور آکرس، مخلوط دو جنس، در 24 قفس زمینی نصب شده در یک سالن تجاری جوجه گوشتی در مجاورت مستقیم یک گله تجاری آربور آکرس (با همان سن و تهیه شده از همان جوجه­کشی)، توزیع شدند. پرندگان موجود در قفس­ها تا سن 42 روزگی با یکی از پنج جیره زیر تغذیه شدند: جیره پایه مبتنی بر ذرت-کنجاله سویا به عنوان شاهد (5 قفس)، جیره پایه همراه با 200 قسمت در میلیون ویرجینیامایسین (V؛ 4 قفس)، جیره پایه همراه با 4/0 درصد برگ نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita) (P؛ 5 قفس)، 4/0 درصد برگ ترخون (Artemisia dracunculus) (T؛ 5 قفس) و 2/0 درصد برگ ترخون + 2/0 درصد برگ نعناع (P+T؛ 5 قفس). نتایج نشان دادند که صفات عملکرد مشتمل بر متوسط وزن بدن، افزایش وزن روزانه، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل خوراک تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند (05/0<P). هیچ­گونه تفاوت معنی ­داری بین تیمار شاهد و تیمارهای آزمایشی از لحاظ قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی و عیار پادتن بر علیه ویروس بیماری نیوکاسل (NDV) مشاهده نشد. فراسنجه­های کشتاری گروه­های دریافت کننده مکمل­های گیاهی یا آنتی­بیوتیک تفاوت معنی ­داری با نتایج به دست آمده برای گروه دریافت کننده جیره شاهد فاقد مکمل نداشتند. نتیجه اینکه، افزودنی­های مورد آزمایش فاقد تأثیر بر رشد و وضعیت سلامت جوجه­های گوشتی بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - تأثیر افزودن والین به جیره غذایی بر عملکرد، تیتر آنتیبادی سرم و استخوان سازی جوجههای گوشتی
ف. فرودی پ. رضامنداین تحقیق به منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن والین به جیره دوره آغازین جوجههای گوشتی (15-0 روزگی) بر عملکرد، پاسخ آنتیبادی به واکسن نیوکاسل و استخوان سازی انجام شد. آزمایش با استفاده از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 انجام شد. جوجهها به طور تصادفی به 3 تیمار و 5 تکرار Moreاین تحقیق به منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن والین به جیره دوره آغازین جوجههای گوشتی (15-0 روزگی) بر عملکرد، پاسخ آنتیبادی به واکسن نیوکاسل و استخوان سازی انجام شد. آزمایش با استفاده از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 انجام شد. جوجهها به طور تصادفی به 3 تیمار و 5 تکرار با 20 پرنده در هر تکرار دسته بندی شدند. جوجه با سه نوع جیره غذایی با غلظتهای مختلف از نظر والین تغذیه شدند که جیره غذایی اول با میزان کافی والین از نظر نیاز جوجههای گوشتی (0 درصد ال-والین) و جیرههای دوم و سوم با سطوح بیش از حد نیاز والین (08/0 درصد و 16/0 درصد ال-والین) بود. نتایج نشان داد که والین افزوده شده به جیرههای غذایی تغییری در مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی نداشت. در صورتیکه افزودن والین به جیرههای غذایی به طور معنیداری موجب افزایش تیتر HI گردید (05/0>P). افزودن والین به جیرههای غذایی تأثیر معنیداری بر غلظت کلسیم استخوان داشت (05/0>P)، اما اثری بر غلظت فسفر استخوان دیده نشد. Manuscript profile -
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325 - Comparing Estimations of Return to Scale in Mechanized and Semi-Mechanized Broiler Chick Farms Located in Gorgan City
N. Alazmani A.R. Yazdani A. Darijani -
Open Access Article
326 - کاربرد مدل خطی و شبکه عصبی مصنوعی برای پیشبینی عملکرد رشد در جوجههای گوشتی
ش. غضنفریاین مطالعه به منظور پیشبینی عملکرد رشد با استفاده از مدل خطی و شبکه عصبی مصنوعی در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. شبکه عصبی مصنوعی ابزار قدرتمندی برای سیستم مدلینگ در دامنه وسیعی از کاربردها است. مدل شبکه عصبی مصنوعی با الگوریتم پس انتشار به طور موفقیت آمیزی ارتباط بین ورودی Moreاین مطالعه به منظور پیشبینی عملکرد رشد با استفاده از مدل خطی و شبکه عصبی مصنوعی در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. شبکه عصبی مصنوعی ابزار قدرتمندی برای سیستم مدلینگ در دامنه وسیعی از کاربردها است. مدل شبکه عصبی مصنوعی با الگوریتم پس انتشار به طور موفقیت آمیزی ارتباط بین ورودیها (انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز (کیلوکالری/کیلوگرم) و پروتئین خام (گرم/کیلوگرم) و خروجیها (مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن و ضریب تبدیل خوراک) را آموزش داد. ارزش R2و T بالا برای مدل شبکه عصبی مصنوعی در مقایسه با مدل خطی نشان داد که شبکه عصبی مصنوعی یک روش مؤثر برای پیشبینی عملکرد رشد در دوره آغازین برای جوجههای گوشتی است. همچنین، گسترش آزمایش با سطوح بیشتری از ورودیها برای پیشبینی عملکرد با استفاده از بهترین مدل شبکه عصبی مصنوعی انجام شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - اثرات تغذیه اسید لینولئیک کنژوگه و روغن ماهی بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و مورفولوژی روده کوچک جوجههای گوشتی
م. نصرتی ب. نویدشاد م. ملکیاین آزمایش در جوجههای گوشتی به منظور بررسی اثرات اسید لینولئیک کنژوگه (CLA)، روغن ماهی در سطح 7 درصد و یا مخلوط 5/3 درصد از هریک از آنها در جیره غذایی، بر صفات تولیدی و لاشه و همچنین ریخت شناسی روده جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی 7 درصد Moreاین آزمایش در جوجههای گوشتی به منظور بررسی اثرات اسید لینولئیک کنژوگه (CLA)، روغن ماهی در سطح 7 درصد و یا مخلوط 5/3 درصد از هریک از آنها در جیره غذایی، بر صفات تولیدی و لاشه و همچنین ریخت شناسی روده جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی 7 درصد روغن ماهی یا 7 درصد CLA اثر نامطلوبی بر افزایش وزن در فازهای رشد و پایانی داشتند. کاهشی معنی دار در مصرف خوراک در مورد جیرههای حاوی 7 درصد روغن ماهی مشاهده شد. با این حال، افزودن CLA به جیرهها اثری بر مصرف خوراک در پرندهها نداشت. مکملسازی روغن ماهی و CLA در جیره به طور نامطلوبی ضریب تبدیل غذایی و نیز صفات لاشه را تحت تأثیر قرار داد. CLA در سطح 7 درصد باعث افزایش وزن کبد شد. تفاوتی در درصد لاشه، ران یا چربی حفره بطنی بین تیمارهای آزمایشی دیده نشد، با این جود، پرندههای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی 7 درصد روغن ماهی دارای کمترین درصد سینه و بالاتری درصد کبد بودند. ارزیابی بافت شناسی روده کوچک مشخص نمود که جیره حاوی 5/3 درصد روغن ماهی + 5/3 درصد CLA باعث بالاترین ارتفاع ویلی در مقایسه با جیرههای حاوی 7 درصد روغن ماهی یا CLA شد. چنین افزایشی در عمق کریپت دودنوم و ژژنوم مشاهده گردید، اما تفاوتی در عمق کریپت ایلئوم دیده نشد. ضخامت دیواره روه کوچک و تعداد سلول گابلت در جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی مخلوط روغن ماهی و CLA پایینتر از سایر تیمارها بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که یک دز بالا از روغن ماهی یا CLA میتواند بازدهی تولیدی جوجههای گوشتی را کاهش دهد، اما ترکیب آنها میتواند این اثر مضر را تعدیل نماید Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - تشخیص ژن eaeA در اشریشیاکلیهای جداسازی شده در جوجههای گوشتی با استفاده از PCR
ا. ذاکریهدف اصلی از مطالعه حاضر، جداسازی باکتری اشریشیاکلی از جوجههای گوشتی و ردیابی وجود ژن eaeA به عنوان فاکتور حدت در این باکتری به وسیله PCR بود. ارگانهای مختلف جوجههای گوشتی (ریه، کبد و طحال) جهت کشت در محیط آگار خوندار و تستهای بیوشیمیایی آمادهسازی شدند. باکتری اش Moreهدف اصلی از مطالعه حاضر، جداسازی باکتری اشریشیاکلی از جوجههای گوشتی و ردیابی وجود ژن eaeA به عنوان فاکتور حدت در این باکتری به وسیله PCR بود. ارگانهای مختلف جوجههای گوشتی (ریه، کبد و طحال) جهت کشت در محیط آگار خوندار و تستهای بیوشیمیایی آمادهسازی شدند. باکتری اشریشیاکلی در 81 نمونه از 120 نمونه بالینی (5/67 درصد) جداسازی گردید. DNA در باکتریهای جداسازی شده استخراج گردید و برای آزمون PCR با پرایمرهای اختصاصی ژن حدت eaeA آمادهسازی گردید. در ژل آگاروز، محصول PCR تولید شده در 39 نمونه از 81 نمونه (1/48 درصد) با تشکیل باند 384 جفت بازی دیده شد که دال بر وجود ژن eaeA در نمونههای مورد آزمایش بود. ژن eaeA که به عنوان یکی از ژنهای حدت باکتری اشریشیاکلی محسوب میگردد، در اشریشیاکلیهای جداسازی شده از این منطقه به طور معمول وجود دارد. از این سو، اهمیت این ژن در این باکتری و انقال آن از طیور و اهمیت آن از نظر بهداشت عمومی مرد بررسی قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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329 - Alfacalcidol (1-Alpha-Hydroxycholecalciferol) and Its Efficacy in Broiler Nutrition
N. Landy F. Kheiri A. Kamyab -
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330 - Effects of Dietary Organic Selenium Supplementation on Performance and Antioxidant Enzymes of Broilers under Heat Stress Conditions: A Meta-Analysis
F. Tavakolinasab M. Hashemi -
Open Access Article
331 - اثرات مکمل سازی جیره با ال-ترئونین روی عملکرد و مورفولوژی روده جوجههای گوشتی در طی تابستان
ک. شیرزادگان ا. نیکخواه م.ع. جعفریمطالعه حاضر به منظور اثرات افزودن مقادیر 0، 5/0، 75/0 و 1 درصد ال-ترئونین در جیره روی عملکرد و توسعه روده جوجههای گوشتی در زمان تابستان صورت گرفت. از 0 تا 42 روزگی، میزان افزایش وزن بدن پرندگان تغذیه شده با 75/0 درصد ال-ترئونین بیشتر از پرندگان تغذیه شده با 0 و 5/0 درص Moreمطالعه حاضر به منظور اثرات افزودن مقادیر 0، 5/0، 75/0 و 1 درصد ال-ترئونین در جیره روی عملکرد و توسعه روده جوجههای گوشتی در زمان تابستان صورت گرفت. از 0 تا 42 روزگی، میزان افزایش وزن بدن پرندگان تغذیه شده با 75/0 درصد ال-ترئونین بیشتر از پرندگان تغذیه شده با 0 و 5/0 درصد بود (05/0(P<. علاوه بر این، در ژئوژنوم و ایلئوم مصرف 75/0 و 1 درصد ال-ترئونین نسبت به 0 و 5/0 درصد، موجب افزایش بیشتر طول پرزها گردید (05/0P<)، اما سایر فاکتورهای مورفولوژیکی تحت تأثیر مکملسازی ال-ترئونین قرار نگرفت (05/0(P>. هیچ تفاوت معنی داری برای مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل در طی دوران آغازین، رشد و کل دوره آزمایش در بین تیمارها مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). در طی دوره رشد، پرندگان تغذیه شده با 75/0 درصد ال-ترئونین بیشترین افزایش وزن بدن را نسبت به سایرین داشتند (05/0P<). در ضمن، صفات لاشه نیز تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). به طور کل، افزودن 75/0 درصد ال-ترئونین موجب بهبود مورفولوژی روده و افزایش وزن بدن جوجههای گوشتی قرار گرفته در شرایط گرم آب و هوایی میشود. علاوه بر این، سطوح بالاتر ال-ترئونین (1 درصد) در جیره میتواند موجب افزایش ارتفاع پرز ژئوژنوم و ایلئوم جوجههای گوشتی گردد. Manuscript profile -
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332 - ارزیابی دمای سطح بدن در جوجههای گوشتی بر اساس سن، دمای هوا و وضعیت پر در طول دوره پرورش
م. مقبلی دامنه ا. برازنده م. ستایی مختاری اُ اسماعیلیپور ی. بدخشانناحیه آسایش حرارتی دارای اهمیت حیاتی برای حفظ همئوستازی دمای بدن جوجه­های گوشتی می­باشد. از آنجاییکه دمای سطح بدن در آسایش حرارتی مؤثر می­باشد، می­توان برای ارزیابی تعادل گرمایی در حیوانات از آن استفاده نمود. بخشی از بدن جوجه­های گوشتی به وسیله پرها Moreناحیه آسایش حرارتی دارای اهمیت حیاتی برای حفظ همئوستازی دمای بدن جوجه­های گوشتی می­باشد. از آنجاییکه دمای سطح بدن در آسایش حرارتی مؤثر می­باشد، می­توان برای ارزیابی تعادل گرمایی در حیوانات از آن استفاده نمود. بخشی از بدن جوجه­های گوشتی به وسیله پرها پوشیده شده است از اینرو، جریان حرارتی در لایه مرزی بین بدن جوجههای گوشتی و محیط در نواحی پردار و بدون پر متفاوت است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بکارگیری مدل­های رگرسیونی خطی با استفاده از دمای محیط و سن برای پیش­بینی دمای سطح بدن در نقاط پردار و بدون پر بود. بدین منظور دمای سطحی 8 نقطه مختلف از بدن جوجه­ها با استفاده از یک دماسنج مادون قرمز در طول دوره 6 هفتگی پرورش اندازه­گیری شد. همبستگی بالای بین دمای نواحی پردار و محیط نشان داد که این نقاط سریعتر به تغییرات دمای محیط پرورش پاسخ می­دهند. برای پیش­بینی میانگین دمای سطح بدن و همچنین تفاوت دمای سطح بدن و محیط به صورت تابعی از دمای هوا، سن و نواحی پردار و بدون پر 6 معادله برازش داده شد. با افزایش دمای محیط میانگین دمای سطح بدن و تفاوت دمای سطح بدن و محیط به ترتیب افزایش و کاهش یافت (05/0>P). اثر سن بر تفاوت دمای سطح بدن و محیط مانند اثر آن بر دمای سطح بدن برای نقاط پردار و بدون پر متفاوت بود. بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه، پیشنهاد می­شود که تفاوت بین نقاط پردار و بدون پر در مدلهایی که برای پیش­بینی دمای سطح بدن جوجه­های گوشتی مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرند در نظر گرفته شود. Manuscript profile -
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333 - بررسی اثرات بهبود دهنده افزودن روغن ضروری گیاه آویشن به جیره بر عملکرد رشد و سیستم ایمنی جوجههای گوشتی تحت استرس گرمایی
ک. رافت خفار ع. مجتهدین ن. رستگار م. کلوانی نیتلی ع. الفتیاسترس گرمایی به عنوان تغییر دهنده عملکرد رشد و سیستم ایمنی شناخته می­شود. گیاهان دارویی به عنوان بهبود دهنده رشد و ایمنی استفاده می­شوند. بنابراین، این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات بهبود دهنده افزودن روغن ضروری گیاه آویشن به جیره بر عملکرد رشد و سیستم ایمنی جوجه& Moreاسترس گرمایی به عنوان تغییر دهنده عملکرد رشد و سیستم ایمنی شناخته می­شود. گیاهان دارویی به عنوان بهبود دهنده رشد و ایمنی استفاده می­شوند. بنابراین، این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات بهبود دهنده افزودن روغن ضروری گیاه آویشن به جیره بر عملکرد رشد و سیستم ایمنی جوجه­های گوشتی تحت استرس گرمایی طراحی گردید. جوجه­های گوشتی به پنج گروه تقسیم شدند؛ 1) جوجه­ها جیره پایه دریافت کرده و تحت شرایط دمایی نرمال قرار داشتند، 2) جوجه­ها جیره پایه دریافت کرده همراه با شرایط استرس گرمایی، 3، 4 و 5) جوجه­های گوشتی به ترتیب جیره پایه شامل 100، 150 و 200 میلی­گرم روغن ضروری آویشن/کیلوگرم وزن بدن دریافت کرده و تحت شرایط استرس گرمایی قرار داشتند. جوجه­های گوشتی در روزهای 35 و 42 آزمایش از جهت بررسی تولید آنتیبادی علیه گلبولهای قرمز گوسفند مورد ارزیابی واقع شدند. همچنین در روز 42 آزمایش از جوجه­های گوشتی به منظور بررسی پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی خون نمونه تهیه شد. استرس گرمایی میزان ضریب تبدیل غذایی و نرخ مرگ­ و ­میر را افزایش و باعث کاهش نرخ رشد و مصرف غذا گردید (05/0P<). افزودن روغن ضروری آویشن در سطوح 150 و 200 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم وزن بدن موجب بهبود اثرات منفی استرس گرمایی بر عملکرد رشد شد (05/0P<). استرس گرمایی باعث افزایش سطوح سرمی کلسترول، تری گلیسرید، کورتیکواستروئید، مالون دی آلدئید و میزان هتروفیل خون گردید (05/0P<)، و همچنین باعث کاهش تولید آنتیبادی علیه گلبولهای قرمز گوسفند، میزان لنفوسیت خون و وزن ارگان­های لنفاوی شد (05/0P<). افزودن روغن ضروری آویشن به جیره در سطوح 150 و 200 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم وزن بدن باعث بهبود اثرات منفی استرس گرمایی بر پارامترهای بیوشیمیای خون و پاسخ­های ایمینی گردید (05/0P<). روغن ضروری آویشن به جیره در سطوح 150 و 200 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم وزن بدن می­تواند به عنوان بهبود دهنده عملکرد رشد و پاسخ­های ایمنی در پرورش جوجه­های گوشتی در مناطق گرمسیری توصیه شود. Manuscript profile -
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334 - اثر دمای پلت، پروبیوتیک و دانه گندم بر عملکرد رشد، متغیرهای بیوشیمیایی خون، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و بیان ژن موسین 2 در جوجه های گوشتی
و. ایقانی ع.ا. صادقی س.ن. موسوی پ. جعفری م. چمنیکاندیشنینگ، یک مرحله اصلی در فرآیند پلت کردن خوراک محسوب می­گردد. پروبیوتیک­ها با داشتن توانایی بهبود عملکرد سیستم ایمنی و عملکرد رشد شناخته می­شوند. گندم می­تواند به عنوان یک جایگزین برای ذرت مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. از این رو، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی د Moreکاندیشنینگ، یک مرحله اصلی در فرآیند پلت کردن خوراک محسوب می­گردد. پروبیوتیک­ها با داشتن توانایی بهبود عملکرد سیستم ایمنی و عملکرد رشد شناخته می­شوند. گندم می­تواند به عنوان یک جایگزین برای ذرت مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. از این رو، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی دمای پلت، پروبیوتیک و دانه گندم بر عملکرد رشد، متغیرهای بیوشیمیایی خون، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و بیان ژن موسین 2 در جوجه­های گوشتی انجام گرفت. تعداد 800 قطعه جوجه یکروزه گوشتی در قالب هشت تیمار و چهار تکرار برای هر تیمار تقسیم­بندی شدند (به ازای هر تکرار 25 قطعه). طرح آزمایشی کاملا تصادفی به صورت فاکتوریل 2 × 2 × 2 براساس دو سطح مصرف گندم (0 و 500 گرم بر کیلوگرم)، دو سطح مصرف پروبیوتیک (0 و 200 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم) و دو دمای کاندیشنینگ (70 و 85 درجه سلسیوس) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. عملکرد رشد، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی، متغیرهای بیوشیمیایی خون و بیان ژن موسین 2 مورد اندازه­گیری قرار گرفت. در رابطه با عملکرد رشد، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و متغیرهای بیوشیمیایی خون، اثرات اصلی و متقابل معنی­دار نبودند (P<0.05). جیره­های محتوی پروبیوتیک هم بر پایه ذرت و هم بر پایه گندم، باعث افزایش بیان ژن موسین 2 شدند (P<0.05). گندم می­تواند به عنوان یک جایگزین برای ذرت مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - اثر تزریق داخل تخم مرغ ژل رویال بر جوجه درآوری، کیفیت جوجههای یکروزه، عملکرد و بعضی ویژگیهای ایمنی در جوجههای تازه تفریخ شده
م. گوهری ح.ر. خدائی م. طغیانیبه منظور بررسی اثر تزرق داخل تخم مرغ سطوح متفاوت ژل رویال بر میزان جوجه درآوری و کیفیت جوجههای یکروزه (راس 308) و بعضی ویژگیهای سیستم ایمنی آنها آزمایشی انجام شد. 640 تخم در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به چهار سطح تزریق ژل رویال شامل: 1) یک میلیلیتر سرم فیزیولوژی (کنترل)، Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر تزرق داخل تخم مرغ سطوح متفاوت ژل رویال بر میزان جوجه درآوری و کیفیت جوجههای یکروزه (راس 308) و بعضی ویژگیهای سیستم ایمنی آنها آزمایشی انجام شد. 640 تخم در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به چهار سطح تزریق ژل رویال شامل: 1) یک میلیلیتر سرم فیزیولوژی (کنترل)، 2) 5/0 میلیگرم ژل رویال، 3) 75/0 میلیگرم ژل رویال، 4) یک میلیگرم ژل رویال اختصاص داده شدند. برای هر تیمار، چهار تکرار در نظر گرفته شد و 40 تخم در هر تکرار استفاده شد. در روز 14 انکوباسیون، محلول آزمایشی با استفاده از سرنگ انسولین با سوزنی به طول 2 سانتیمتر داخل محلول آلانتوئیک تزریق شد. بعد از 510 ساعت انکوباسیون، همه جوجههای هچ شده به خوب، متوسط و ضعیف دستهبندی شدند. شاخصهای مورد مطالعه در طول دوره پرورش شامل افزایش وزن، مصرف خوراک، ضریب تبدیل غذایی و ویژگیهای سیستم ایمنی بود. تزریق ژل رویال تفاوتی در سرعت تفریخ ایجاد نکرد، اما کیفیت جوجههای یکروزه را به طور معنیداری افزایش داد (05/0>P). علاوه بر این، افزایش وزن، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل غذایی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل به طور معنیداری بهبود یافت. تیتر آنتیبادی تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت، اما در نتیجه تزریق ژل رویال افزایش یافت. براساس عملکرد جوجهها در دوره پرورش، میتوان نتیجه گرفت که بهترین عملکرد و پاسخ ایمنی در جوجههای تفریخ شده با تزریق 5/0 میلیلیتر ژل رویال به دست آمد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - بررسی بیان پنج ژن مرتبط با تنش در مرغان بومی خراسان تحت تنش گرمایی حاد
ر. توحیدی م.ر. نصیری ع. جوادمنش آ. جوانمرددمای بالا یکی از فاکتورهای اصلی محیطی مؤثر بر کاهش سود اقتصادی واحدهای پرورش طیور است زیرا، رشد و تولید پرنده را مختل می‎کند. پروتئین‎های شوک گرمایی (HSPs) نقش کلیدی در مکانیسم دفاعی سلولی علیه گرمای محیطی دارند. هدف از انجام مطالعه حاضر، بررسی میزان بیان ژن&lrm Moreدمای بالا یکی از فاکتورهای اصلی محیطی مؤثر بر کاهش سود اقتصادی واحدهای پرورش طیور است زیرا، رشد و تولید پرنده را مختل می‎کند. پروتئین‎های شوک گرمایی (HSPs) نقش کلیدی در مکانیسم دفاعی سلولی علیه گرمای محیطی دارند. هدف از انجام مطالعه حاضر، بررسی میزان بیان ژن‎های کاندیدا در کبد مرغان بومی خراسان تحت تنش گرمایی حاد بود. برای این منظور 16 جوجه 42 روزه به دو گروه تقسیم شدند؛ شاهد (دمای محیطی °C25 و رطوبت 50 درصد) و تحت تنش گرمایی (دمای محیطی °C42 و رطوبت 50 درصد)، و سپس از کبد آن‎ها نمونه‎برداری شد. سطح بیان ژن‎های HSPB1، HSPB9، SERPINH1، HSPA2 و HSP110 با روش RT-qPCR اندازه‎گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که بیان ژن‎های HSPA2 و HSP110 به طور معنی‎داری افزایش داشت. سه فرایند از فرایندهای بیولوژیکی هستی‎شناسی ژنی دارای FDR کمتر از 0.01 بودند. ژن‎های HSPA2 و HSPB1 در این فرایندها شرکت داشتند که باعث تحریک سلول‎ها در برابر افزایش دما می‎شدند. این نتایج نشان می‎دهند که مرغان بومی خراسان مقاومت مطلوبی در برابر تنش گرمایی حاد دارند. همچنین، ژن HSPA2توانایی بیان زیاد در دمای محیطی بالا برای حفظ ساختار پروتئین‎های سلولی را دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Effects of Different Sources of Probiotics on Performance, Carcass, Intestinal Morphology and Bone Characteristics in Broiler Chickens
F. Naghibi H.R. Aliakbarpour V. Rezaeipour -
Open Access Article
338 - عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با دو واریته از دانه ذرت گینه و دانه ارزن به عنوان جایگزین دانه ذرت
E.D. Bulus E.A. Ibe S.T. Yakubu I. Samuel O.J. Makindeاین مطالعه برای ارزیابی اثر جایگزینی کامل دانه ذرت با دو واریته از دانه ذرت گینهای و دو واریته از ارزن روی عملکرد رشدی و ابقاء مواد مغذی در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. پنج جیره با محتوای انرژی و پروتئین یکسان برای دوره آغازین (5/23 درصد پروتئین خام و 2800 کیلوکالری انرژی Moreاین مطالعه برای ارزیابی اثر جایگزینی کامل دانه ذرت با دو واریته از دانه ذرت گینهای و دو واریته از ارزن روی عملکرد رشدی و ابقاء مواد مغذی در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. پنج جیره با محتوای انرژی و پروتئین یکسان برای دوره آغازین (5/23 درصد پروتئین خام و 2800 کیلوکالری انرژی متابولیسمی) و دوره پایانی (5/21 درصد پروتیئن خام و 2900 کیلوکالری انرژی متابولیسمی) فرموله شدند. جیره فرموله شده بر اساس دانه ذرت به عنوان جیره کنترل استفاده گردید. جیرههای 2، 3، 4 و 5 به ترتیب جیرههای براساس دانه ذرت سفید گینه، دانه ذرت زرد گینه، دانه ارزن مرواریدی و دانه ارزن انگشتی بودند. تعداد 225 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه از سویه مارشال به طور تصادفی به پنج جیره آزمایشی اختصاص یافتند. وزن پایانی و افزایش وزن روزانه در جوجههای تغذیه شده با دانه ارزن مرواریدی و انگشتی در مراحل آغازین و پایانی بیشتر بود. جیره یر اساس دانه ارزن مرواریدی دارای بهترین ضریب تبدیل خوراک و پایینترین هزینه برای هر واحد افزایش وزن بود. مصرف خوراک در مرحله آغازین در جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی دانه دزت گینه در مقایسه با جیره بر اساس دانه ذرت بالاتر بود. جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی دانه ذرت گینه پایینترین وزن بدن، افزایش وززن روزانه، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل خوراک را در مرحله پایانی نشان دادند. نتیجه اینکه، جایگزنی کامل دانه ذرت با دانه ارزن یا دانه ذرت گینه در جیره جوجههای گوشتی به مصرف خوراک، وزن بدن، ضریب تبدیل خوراک و ابقای مواد مغذی آسیبی نمیرساند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Effects of Dietary Energy and Protein Levels on Growth Curve Parameters of Khazak Native Chickens
H. Faraji-Arough M. Ghazaghi F. Bagherzadeh Kasmani M. Rokouei -
Open Access Article
340 - Assessing Genetic Diversity in Two Local Chicken Breeds in Egypt Using Microsatellite Markers
M.I. El-Hefnawy E.A. El-Gendy A.M. El-Kaiaty M. Helal -
Open Access Article
341 - Lack of Association of Ascites Incidence with Growth Characteristics in a Commercial Chicken Strain
M. Karami J. Fayazi K. Hasanpur A. Javanmard H. Varnaseri -
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342 - A Review on the Effect of Arginine on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Intestine Morphology, and Immune System of Broiler Chickens
H. Ghamari Monavvar G. Moghaddam M. Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
343 - Effects of in ovo Injection of Nano Zinc Oxide on the Hatchability, Immunity and Antioxidant Responses, and Relative Gene Expressions of Interleukin 2 and 12 in Broiler Chickens
J. Palouj M. Kazemi-Fard M. Rezaei Z. Ansari-Piresaraei -
Open Access Article
344 - صفات کمّی مربوط به شکل ظاهری و همبستگی بین وزن بدن و صفات اندازه بدن در جوجههای اکوتیپ Isa Brown و Ilorin
T.R. Fayeye J.K. Hagan A.R. Obadareروی دادههای جمعآوری شده 400 جوجه در سال 2012 تجزیه واریانس دوطرفه صورت گرفت تا وزن بدن، صفات کمّی شکل ظاهری و همچنین همبستگی بین وزن بدن و صفات کمّی شکل ظاهری در جوجههای اکوتیپ Isa Brown و Ilorin برآورد شوند. صفات کمی شکل ظاهری مورد مطالعه شامل طول تاج، طول نوک، طول Moreروی دادههای جمعآوری شده 400 جوجه در سال 2012 تجزیه واریانس دوطرفه صورت گرفت تا وزن بدن، صفات کمّی شکل ظاهری و همچنین همبستگی بین وزن بدن و صفات کمّی شکل ظاهری در جوجههای اکوتیپ Isa Brown و Ilorin برآورد شوند. صفات کمی شکل ظاهری مورد مطالعه شامل طول تاج، طول نوک، طول سر، طول گردن، طول بدن، طول بال، طول استخوان شانک، طول ساق پا، طول انگشتان، طول سینه و تنفس سینهای بودند. نتایج نشان داد که ژنوتیپ، جنسیت و اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ و جنسیت به طور معنیداری (05/0>P) بر وزن بدن و مقادیر صفات کمی شکل ظاهری اثر میگذارند. جوجههای Isa Brown دارای وزن بدن هنگام بلوغ بالاتری (05/0>P) نسبت به جوجههای اکوتیپ Ilorin بودند. جوجههای Isa Brown در تمامی صفات کمی شکل ظاهری به استثنای طول انگشتان بالاتر (05/0>P) از جوجههای اکوتیپ Ilorin بودند. پرندگان نر دارای وزن بدن بالاتری بوده (05/0>P) و از نظر بیشتر صفات کمی شکل ظاهری نسبت به مادهها مقادیر بالاتری را به خود اختصاص دادند. اثر متقابل بین ژنوتیپ و جنسیت برای تمامی صفات وزن بدن و شکل ظاهری به استثنای طول سینه و تنفس سینهای معنیدار بود (05/0>P). صفات کمی شکل ظاهری اندازهگیری شده در پرندگان جوان به استثنای وزن بال در جوجههای اکوتیپ Isa Brown و طول سینه در جوجههای Ilorin با وزن بدن به طور معنیداری (05/0>P) همبسته بود (95/0-68/0). همبستگی بین صفات وزن بدن و صفات شکل ظاهری در جوجههای بالغ Isa Brown نسبت به این همبستگیها در جوجههای اکوتیپ Ilorin بالاتر بود (95/0-27/0 در مقابل 91/0-02/0). همبستگی منفی معنیدار بین وزن بدن و طول نوک (72/0-) در جوجههای Isa Brown و بین وزن بدن و طول بال (35/0-) در اکوتیپ Ilorin به دست آمد. صفات شکل ظاهری اندازهگیری شده در پرندگان نر به استثنای تنفس سینهای دارای همبستگی بالاتری با وزن بدن (95/0-68/0) در مقایسه با پرندگان ماده بودند. مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که دو ژنوتیپ میتوانند به حد کافی به وسیله شاخصهای شکل ظاهری شناسایی و توصیف شوند. همچنین این مطالعه نشان داد که شاخصهای شکل ظاهری نظیر طول بدن و طول تاج میتوانند به حد کافی برای پیشبینی وزن بدن پرندگان در دو ژنوتیپ استفاده شوند. در هر حال، همبستگی منفی به دست آمده بین وزن بدن و طول بال در دو جوجههای اکوتیپ Ilorin نیاز به بررسی و تحقیق بیشتری برای تعیین اساس آن جهت ایجاد انطباق و سازگاری در جوجهها دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Myostatin Gene Polymorphism and Its Association with Production Traits in Western Azerbaijan Native Chickens
S. Zandi P. Zamani K. Mardani -
Open Access Article
346 - اثر چندشکلیهای UCP روی صفات رشد، ارزش اصلاحی صفات رشد و صفات تولیدمثلی در مرغ بومی فارس
آ. محمدیفر م.ر. محمدآبادیپروتئین غیر مزدوج طیور (avUCP) عضوی از فوق خانواده ناقلین میتوکندریایی است که ورود پروتئین به ماتریکس میتوکندری را از سنتز ATP آزاد می­کند. از روش PCR-RFLP برای برآورد فراوانی­های آللی و ژنوتیپی چندشکلی­های UCP/HhaI استفاده شد و همبستگی بین این چندشکلی­ه Moreپروتئین غیر مزدوج طیور (avUCP) عضوی از فوق خانواده ناقلین میتوکندریایی است که ورود پروتئین به ماتریکس میتوکندری را از سنتز ATP آزاد می­کند. از روش PCR-RFLP برای برآورد فراوانی­های آللی و ژنوتیپی چندشکلی­های UCP/HhaI استفاده شد و همبستگی بین این چندشکلی­ها و صفات رشد، ارزش­ اصلاحی صفات رشد و تولیدمثلی در مرغ بومی فارس محاسبه شد. برای این منظور اطلاعات فنوتیپی 18 نسل متوالی از 200 پرنده با استفاده از مدل حیوانی تک صفتی با روش ASREML آنالیز شد. ارزیابی همبستگی بین این SNP با صفات تولیدمثلی اثر مثبت ژنوتیپ TC را با سن اولین تخم­گذاری (ASM) در مقایسه با ژنوتیپ CC پیشنهاد می­کند. به علاوه، ژنوتیپ TC همبستگی معنیداری با ارزش اصلاحی سن اولین تخم­گذاری در مقایسه با ژنوتیپ CC نشان داد (05/0>P). در نتیجه، نتایج این پژوهش پیشنهاد می­کند که ژنوتیپ TC ژن UCP با سن بلوغ جنسی (ASM) و ارزش اصلاحی سن بلوغ جنسی همبستگی دارد و چندشکلی­های UCP می­توانند به عنوان نشانگرهای DNA برای انتخاب در فرآیند اصلاح نژاد مرغ بومی فارس مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - مطالعه عملکرد تولیدی و تولیدمثلی جوجههای سویه رُد آیلند رِد سفید
آ.ک. داس اس. کومار آ. رحیم آ.ک. میشرااین مطالعه با هدف بررسی خصوصیات تولیدی و تولیدمثلی جوجه­های سویه رُد آیلند رِد سفید که در مؤسسه مرکزی تحقیقات طیور واقع در آیزاتناگار نگهداری و پرورش داده می­شوند، صورت گرفته است. 346 تخم مرغ نطفه­دار (بارور) در دستگاه جوجه­کشی الکتریکی قرار داده شده و 2 Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی خصوصیات تولیدی و تولیدمثلی جوجه­های سویه رُد آیلند رِد سفید که در مؤسسه مرکزی تحقیقات طیور واقع در آیزاتناگار نگهداری و پرورش داده می­شوند، صورت گرفته است. 346 تخم مرغ نطفه­دار (بارور) در دستگاه جوجه­کشی الکتریکی قرار داده شده و 234 جوجه در سه هچ مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. اطلاعات عملکردی با استفاده از آنالیز حداقل مربعات واریانس تحلیل گردید. درصد تفاوت­ها در باروری، قابلیت هچ و مرده­زایی در بین هچ­های مختلف با استفاده از آزمون انحراف از نرمالیتی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. درصد باروری، تعداد کل تخم گذاشته شده و تعداد تخم بارور گذاشته شده بر مبنای قابلیت هچ، مرده­زایی جوجه و میانگین حداقل مربعات وزن جوجه، وزن بدن، بلوغ جنسی، وزن تخم و دوره تولید تخم برآورد شدند. تفاوت در هچ به شکل معنی­داری (05/0­>­P) تحت تأثیر برآوردهای باروری، تعداد کل تخم گذاشته شده بر مبنای قابلیت هچ، وزن جوجه تا وزن خانه­روی، بلوغ جنسی، تولید تخم و مرده­زایی در سن جوان­تر بود. جنسیت جوجه­ها نیز تحت تأثیر برآوردهای وزن بدن در بعد از هشت هفتگی قرار گرفت. اثر رگرسیونی معنی­دار وزن جوجه بر وزن بدن در سنین نخستین تا دوازدهمین هفته مشاهده شد (05/0­>­P). وزن جوجه رابطه معنی­داری با بلوغ جنسی و انواع برآوردهای وزن بدن و وزن تخم با ضرایب همبستگی فنوتیپی پایین تا بالا داشت. ولی با تولید تخم رابطه منفی داشته است. در بلوغ جنسی با تأخیر، وزن نیمچه­ها سبک بوده و به دنبال آن وزن و تولید تخم نیز پایین­تر بود. این خصوصیات فنومیکی را می­توان به عنوان خصوصیات این سویه نادر از جوجه­های رُد آیلند رِد (RIR) در نظر گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - بررسی اثر جایگزینی مکمل سولفات آهن با نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و میزان ذخیره آهن بافت جوجههای گوشتی
M.A. Behroozlak م. دانشیار پ. فرهومند ع. نیکوآزمایشی به منظور مقایسه اثرات نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن (FeHPO4-nanoparticles) با سولفات آهن (FeSO4.7H2O) بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و میزان ماده معدنی ماهیچه سینه جوجه­های گوشتی انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش، تعداد 200 قطعه جوجه خروس گوشتی یکروزه سویه راس به طور تصادفی ب Moreآزمایشی به منظور مقایسه اثرات نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن (FeHPO4-nanoparticles) با سولفات آهن (FeSO4.7H2O) بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و میزان ماده معدنی ماهیچه سینه جوجه­های گوشتی انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش، تعداد 200 قطعه جوجه خروس گوشتی یکروزه سویه راس به طور تصادفی به 4 گروه آزمایشی با 5 تکرار و 10 پرنده در هر تکرار اختصاص یافتند. میزان آهن موجود در جیره پایه (ذرت-کنجاله سویا) در 3 دوره آزمایشی آغازین، رشد و پایانی به ترتیب 40/87، 13/85 و 24/82 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم بودند. گروه­های آزمایشی تغذیه­ای شامل: 1- جیره پایه + 80 میلی­گرم سولفات آهن (گروه شاهد) 2- جیره پایه + 4/6 میلی­گرم نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن 3- جیره پایه + 2/3 میلی­گرم نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن و 4- جیره پایه + 6/1 میلی­گرم نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن بودند که از سن 1 تا 42 روزگی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که جیره­های آزمایشی تأثیر معنی­داری بر صفات عملکردی میانگین مصرف خوراک روزانه، میانگین افزایش وزن روزانه، ضریب تبدیل خوراک، درصد تلفات و شاخص تولید اروپایی نداشتند (05/0P>). افزودن نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن به جیره پایه در گروه آزمایشی دوم، وزن نسبی چربی محوطه بطنی را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد به طور معنی­داری کاهش داد (04/0=P). همچنین با افزودن نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن در گروه آزمایشی سوم، پاسخ­های رگرسیون درجه سوم (05/0=P) و درجه دوم (02/0=P) به ترتیب در مورد بازده لاشه و وزن نسبی کبد مشاهده گردید. پرندگان تغذیه شده با نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن در گروه­های آزمایشی دوم و سوم در مقایسه با پرندگان دریافتکننده­ جیره حاوی 80 میلی­گرم سولفات آهن، میزان آهن و مس بیشتری در ماهیچه سینه داشتند (05/0>P). هیچ تفاوت معنی­داری در بین گروه­های آزمایشی برای میزان روی گوشت سینه مشاهد نشد (05/0P>). نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که جایگزینی مکمل سولفات آهن با نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن بر عملکرد پرندگان تأثیرگذار نبود ولی توانست میزان آهن موجود در گوشت سینه جوجه­های گوشتی را به طور معنی­داری افزایش دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - مقایسه اثرات افزودن پودر زنجبیل و آویلامایسین به جیره بر عملکرد و شمارش باکتری سالمونلای روده جوجه های گوشتی در معرض چالش سالمونلایی
ع.ا. صادقی و. ایزدی پ. شورنگ م. چمنی م. امینافشارمطالعه حاضر به منظور تعیین اثرات افزودن پودر زنجبیل به جیره بر عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی در معرض چالش سالمونلا و مقایسه اثرات آن با آویلامایسین، به عنوان محرک رشد بود. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی در شش تیمار و پنج تکرار انجام شد و به هر تکرار 10 Moreمطالعه حاضر به منظور تعیین اثرات افزودن پودر زنجبیل به جیره بر عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی در معرض چالش سالمونلا و مقایسه اثرات آن با آویلامایسین، به عنوان محرک رشد بود. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی در شش تیمار و پنج تکرار انجام شد و به هر تکرار 10 قطعه جوجه اختصاص یافت. تیمارها شامل کنترل منفی (جیره پایه بدون زنجبیل و بدون آویلامایسین و بدون چالش سالمونلایی)، کنترل مثبت (جیره پایه بدون زنجبیل، بدون آویلامایسین و با چالش سالمونلایی)، گروه دریافتکننده زنجبیل (5 گرم در کیلوگرم، بدون چالش)، گروه دریافتکننده زنجبیل در معرض چالش (5 گرم در کیلوگرم با چالش سالمونلایی)، گروه دریافتکننده آنتیبیوتیک (100 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم آویلامایسین بدون چالش سالمونلایی) و گروه دریافتکننده آویلامایسین در معرض چالش (100 میلیگرم آویلامایسین با چالش سالمونلایی) بود. کمترین میانگین مرگومیر به گروه دریافتکننده آنتیبیوتیک و بیشترین میانگین مرگومیر به گروه کنترل مثبت تعلق داشت. افزودن زنجبیل به جیره جوجههای در معرض چالش سالمونلایی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل مثبت مرگومیر کمتری داشت. کمترین افزایش وزن روزانه مربوط به گروه کنترل مثبت بود. افزودن زنجبیل یا آویلامایسین به جیره سبب افزایش معنیدار (05/0P<) افزایش وزن روزانه شد، البته اثر آویلامایسین بیشتر از زنجبیل بود. در کل دوره (42 روزه) چالش سالمونلایی سبب افزایش ضریب تبدیل غذایی شد و افزودن آویلامایسین و زنجبیل به جیره سبب کاهش معنیدار (05/0P<) آن شد، البته اثر آویلامایسین بیشتر از زنجبیل بود. بهطور کلی چنین نتیجهگیری شد که افزودن پودر زنجبیل به جیره، سبب بهبود عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی بدون چالش و در معرض چالش سالمونلایی شد و در مقایسه کارآیی زنجبیل کمتر از آویلامایسین بر عملکرد بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - Vitamin E Supplementation in Feed Containing Lemuru Fish Oil to Improve IPB-D2 Chickens Performance and Eggs Rich in Vitamin E as a Potential Functional Food
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354 - زیستفراهمی نسبی منابع مختلف عنصر روی براساس غلظت بافتی عنصر روی در جوجههای گوشتی
M. Sahraei H. Janmohammadiاین پروژه تحقیقاتی برای ارزیابی زیستفراهمی و خصوصیات شیمیایی منابع مختلف عنصر روی از قبیل سولفات روی، اکسید روی A، اکسید روی B و بیوپلکس روی در جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیرههای معمولی انجام گردید. برای این منظور از312 قطعه جوجه گوشتی جنس نر سویه راس 305، از سن 28-8 Moreاین پروژه تحقیقاتی برای ارزیابی زیستفراهمی و خصوصیات شیمیایی منابع مختلف عنصر روی از قبیل سولفات روی، اکسید روی A، اکسید روی B و بیوپلکس روی در جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیرههای معمولی انجام گردید. برای این منظور از312 قطعه جوجه گوشتی جنس نر سویه راس 305، از سن 28-8 روزگی در قالب 13 جیره آزمایشی شامل جیره پایه بدون مکمل روی و جیرهای مکمل شده با سطوح 200، 150،100 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم جیره، در سیستم قفس با 4 تکرار 6 قطعهای به صورت کاملاً تصادفی در قالب طرح فاکتوریل استفاده گردید. مکمل سازی جیره با سطوح و منابع مختلف عنصر روی تأثیری بر خوراک مصرفی و افزایش وزن بدن جوجهها در هفتههای اول و دوم نداشت اما ضریب تبدیل غذایی در هفته اول، دوم و خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی در هفته سوم و کل دوره تحت تأثیر سطوح مکمل سازی با منابع مختلف عنصر روی قرار گرفت (05/0>P). ذخایر عنصر روی استخوان درشت نی و کبد به طور خطی با افزودن سطوح مختلف منابع عنصر روی بجز اکسید روی A به جیره پایه افزایش یافت (05/0>P). بالاترین غلظت عنصر روی پانکراس فقط در جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره مکمل شده با 200 میلیگرم اکسید روی Bدر کیلوگرم جیره مشاهده گردید (05/0>P). استفاده از روش رگرسیون نسبت شیب براساس ذخایر روی درشت نی، کبد و پانکراس نسبت به میزان عنصر روی مصرفی از منابع مختلف نشان داد که براساس ذخایر عنصر روی درشت نی بالاترین ارزش زیستفراهمی نسبی در اکسید روی A، اکسید روی B و بیوپلکس روی به هنگام مکمل سازی جیره پایه با 150 میلیگرم از منابع مختلف عنصر روی در کیلوگرم جیره حاصل میگردد. لیکن ارزش زیستفراهمی تخمین زده شده براساس غلظت عنصر روی پانکراس، یک افزایش خطی را براساس افزایش سطح مصرف منابع مختلف عنصر روی، نشان داد. بالاخره در سطوح مصرف مساوی بالاترین ارزش زیستفراهمی متعلق به بیوپلکس روی بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - نوع و مقدار انرژی در جیره غذایی جوجههای گوشتی: اثرات بر عملکرد و مورفولوژی دئودنوم
ا. قهرمانی ع.ا. صادقی س. حصارکی م. چمنی پ. شورنگهدف از انجام مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی اثرات منابع و سطوح مختلف انرژی بر عملکرد، شاخص­های مورفولوژیکی روده کوچک جوجه­های گوشتی بود. تعداد 600 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه به صورت تصادفی در 5 تیمار و 4 تکرار قرار داده شدند. جوجه­ها با جیره پایه ذرت به عنوان منبع اصلی انر Moreهدف از انجام مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی اثرات منابع و سطوح مختلف انرژی بر عملکرد، شاخص­های مورفولوژیکی روده کوچک جوجه­های گوشتی بود. تعداد 600 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه به صورت تصادفی در 5 تیمار و 4 تکرار قرار داده شدند. جوجه­ها با جیره پایه ذرت به عنوان منبع اصلی انرژی و سطح انرژی بر اساس کاتالوگ راهنمای کاب 500 در گروه کنترل (C)، جیره پایه با 3 درصد انرژی کمتر از کنترل (T1)، جیره پایه با 6 درصد انرژی کمتراز کنترل (T2)، جیره پایه با ذرت و روغن سویا و سطح انرژی بر اساس کاتالوگ راهنمای کاب 500 (T3)، جیره پایه با ذرت و روغن سویا و سطح انرژی 3 درصد بالاتر (T4) برای مدت 42 روز تغذیه شدند. نتایج نشان داد، جوجه­های گروه T3 وزن بدن، افزایش وزن و ارتفاع پرز دئودنوم بالاتری در مقایسه با گروه کنترل (C) داشته و ضریب تبدیل غذایی ­در 42 روزگی بهبود یافت (05/0>P). جوجه­ها در گروه T2 پایین­ترین وزن بدن، افزایش وزن، ضریب تبدیل غذایی اما بیشترین مصرف خوراک را نشان دادند (05/0>P). تغذیه با جیره تیمار T4 افزایش وزن روزانه و ارتفاع پرز دئودنوم را بهبود بخشید در حالی که به طور همزمان ضریب تبدیل غذایی را افزایش داد. در مقایسه با گروه کنترل، سطوح انرژی بالاتر از نیازهای غذایی کاب به طور معنی­داری ارتفاع پرز در دئودنوم را افزایش داد و عمق کریپت را کاهش داد (05/0>P). به منظور دستیابی به وزن بالاتر، انرژی بیشتری از مقدار توصیه شده برای کاب 500 نیاز است اما برای داشتن بازده غذایی بهتر سطح انرژی بر اساس کاتالوگ کاب 500 کافی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - ارزیابی عملکرد تخمگذاری و خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغان بومی پرورش یافته در مناطق روستایی استان اصفهان
ع.ع قیصری ق. مقصودی نژاد ع. آذربایجانیآزمایش حاضر به منظور بررسی عملکرد تولیدی و خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغان بومی پرورش یافته در نواحی روستایی دو اقلیم مختلف در استان اصفهان انجام شد. به طور کلی تعداد 2160 قطعه جوجه بومی در این تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. دو ناحیه اقلیمی (سرد و گرم) در استان اصفهان تعیین شد و Moreآزمایش حاضر به منظور بررسی عملکرد تولیدی و خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغان بومی پرورش یافته در نواحی روستایی دو اقلیم مختلف در استان اصفهان انجام شد. به طور کلی تعداد 2160 قطعه جوجه بومی در این تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. دو ناحیه اقلیمی (سرد و گرم) در استان اصفهان تعیین شد و در هر اقلیم دو شهر و در هر شهر سه روستا مورد انتخاب قرار گرفتند. چادگان و کاشان به عنوان شهرهای اقلیم سرد و کاشان و ورزنه به عنوان شهرهای اقلیم گرم درنظر گرفته شدند. در هر روستا شش خانواده به عنوان واحد آزمایشی انتخاب (مجموعا 72 خانواده) وتعداد 36 قطعه مرغ و 4 قطعه خروس بومی 45 روزه به هر خانواده تحویل داده شد. عملکرد تخمگذاری جوجه­ها در طول دوره تخمگذاری (21 تا 72 هفتگی) رکوردبرداری و خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغ­ها هر دو ماه یک بار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج آزمایش حاضر نشان داد، اگر چه اقلیم بر تولید تخم مرغ طی دوره­های 25 تا 32 و 57 تا 64 هفتگی تأثیرگذار بود (05/0P<) ولی بر میانگین تولید در کل دوره تخمگذاری تأثیری نداشت. کمترین میزان تولید تخم مرغ در چادگان مشاهده شد (9/25 درصد) که به طور معنی­داری کمتر از ورزنه (9/35 درصد) و خوانسار (5/37 درصد) بود (05/0P<). علاوه بر این، شاخص­های کیفی پوسته در اقلیم سرد به طور معنی­داری بهتر از اقلیم گرم بود (05/0P<). بالاترین میزان ضخامت پوسته و نسبت ضخامت پوسته به وزن تخم مرغ در میان چهار شهر مورد آزمایش مربوط به چادگان بود (05/0P<). علاوه بر این، شاخص رنگ زرده در اقلیم گرم به طور معنی­داری نسبت به اقلیم سرد بهبود یافت (05/0P<). به طور کلی، خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغ تحت تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی قرار گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Genetics of Body Conformation and Feed Efficiency Characteristics in a Control Line of Rhode Island Red Chicken
آ.کا. داس اس. کومار آ. رحیم -
Open Access Article
358 - Sequencing and Molecular Analysis of ATP 6 and ATP 8 of Mitochondrial Genome in Khorasanian Native Chickens
ا. افشاریان م.ر. نصیری -
Open Access Article
359 - Efficiency of Biochemical Characterization to Differentiate Chickpea Genotypes for Cold Stress
Masoumeh Pouresmael Nazanin Amirbakhtiar Zahra-Sadat Shobbar Behzad Sorkhi Mehdi Zahravi Ali Sajjad BokaeiIn order to differentiate among susceptible and tolerant chickpea genotypes, different biochemical traits were investigated. A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design was performed in three replications. A combination of two factors i.e. genotype (c MoreIn order to differentiate among susceptible and tolerant chickpea genotypes, different biochemical traits were investigated. A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design was performed in three replications. A combination of two factors i.e. genotype (cold tolerant and suseptible line) and temperature (4 and 20 ° C), were used in this experiment. Leaf samples were prepared 12 and 72 hours after stress. Based on the results obtained, H2O2 content was significantly higher in the susceptible genotype under both conditions. Sequencing results comparison showed that the proline dehydrogenase gene expression was increased in the susceptible line. In addition, expression of an isoform of proline 5 carboxylate synthetase reduced in this line. Cold stress caused a significant increase in catalase activitiy in the tolerant cultivar. Decreased expression of a homologue of ascorbate oxidase in susceptible line showed a positive role of this enzyme and regulation of ascorbate homeostasis in the tolerant cultivar. Decreased expression of ABA hydrolase in the tolerant cultivar, decreased expression of ABA receptor in the susceptible line, expression of different ABI5 isoforms in the tolerant cultivar under stress as compared to the susceptible line indicated differences in ABA transduction pathway in the susceptible and tolerant genotypes. The result of this study clearly explained the differences between the biochemical responses of tolerant and susceptible chickpea genotypes in response to the cold stress, which could be considered as an indirect screening method for identification of chickpea genotypes tolerant unde rcold stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Rereading a chapter from Kalila and Demeneh (Analysis of the Chapter of the Lion and the Jackal based on the Fabled Foundations of Philosophy for Children)
Atefeh Yousefi Said Naji A large part of classical Persian literature is devoted to didactic texts. As its name suggests, these works are full of moral teachings and social concepts which are written in the form of fables and stories. The present research by using a des More A large part of classical Persian literature is devoted to didactic texts. As its name suggests, these works are full of moral teachings and social concepts which are written in the form of fables and stories. The present research by using a descriptive-analytical method is an attempt to answer the question whether educational texts can be used in another educational field like teaching philosophy to children or not. After answering this question, a fable from Kalila and Demeneh has been analyzed on a case-by-case basis, based on the criteria of philosophical thinking of children and teenagers. The examined issues include the main features of philosophical fable such as literary acceptability, psychological acceptability, rational acceptability, argumentative dialogue, and explorability. According to the findings of the research, this fable has literary, philosophical, and psychological capabilitiesThus,through rewriting it in standard language, it is possible to obtain a very good resource for teachers to use it in philosophical thinking classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Non-Blocking Routers Design Based on West First Routing Algorithm & MZI Switches for Photonic NoC
Masoume Seifolahi Elham Yaghoubi -
Open Access Article
362 - an Adaptive Routing Strategy to Reduce Energy Consumption in Network on Chip
Mohammad Trik Saadat Pour Mozafari Amir Massoud Bidgoli -
Open Access Article
363 - Five-Port Optical Router Design Based on Mach–Zehnder Switches for Photonic Networks-on-Chip
Elham Yaghoubi Midia Reshadi -
Open Access Article
364 - Presenting a Fault Tolerant Mechanism for Buffering Fault in Network on Chips
Sadeq Lotfi Ali Afzali-kusha Marzie Saffari -
Open Access Article
365 - Study on ectoparasites and gastrointestinal helminth of local chicken in Kerman 2018
maryam noshadokht mohammad mirzaie Ali Reza AbediIntroduction: Parasitic infections of native chickens are among sources of infection for people and industrial poultry, thereby constituting health and economic problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance of Ectoparasites and gastrointestinal helm MoreIntroduction: Parasitic infections of native chickens are among sources of infection for people and industrial poultry, thereby constituting health and economic problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance of Ectoparasites and gastrointestinal helminth of native chickens in Kerman.Method: One hundred native chickens selected randomly during summer, fall, springs, and winter. Gastrointestinal helminth and ectoparasites were identified using microscopic examination. Result: Totally of 100 native chickens investigated, 64 were infected and 36 were uninfected. The Present study shows that native chickens in Kerman are infected with Subulura brumpti, Ascaridia galli, Rallietina tetragona, Rallietina echinobothrida, larvae of Argas tick, and Menacanthus stramineus. Discussion and conclusion: Statistical analysis showed significance association between sex, season, and contact with another animal. While no significant association was found between age and helminth infection. With regard to importance of breeding of poultry and effect of internal and external parasites on poultry production as well as human health, it is hoped that the research could increase the knowledge of experts and executive organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - بررسی کاربرد اسید هیومیک بر برخی ویژگی های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی رز مینیاتور
پروین طالبی Zohreh Jabbarzadehدر سال های اخیر، استفاده بیش از حد از کودهای شیمیایی و کمبود مواد آلی سبب کاهش میزان ماده آلی خاک در ایران شده است. افزایش استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی در کشاورزی سبب ایجاد مسائل زیست محیطی نظیر تخریب فیزیکی خاک و به هم خوردن تعادل غذایی خاک شده است. از این رو در حال حاضر، Moreدر سال های اخیر، استفاده بیش از حد از کودهای شیمیایی و کمبود مواد آلی سبب کاهش میزان ماده آلی خاک در ایران شده است. افزایش استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی در کشاورزی سبب ایجاد مسائل زیست محیطی نظیر تخریب فیزیکی خاک و به هم خوردن تعادل غذایی خاک شده است. از این رو در حال حاضر، کاربرد کودهای آلی افزایش می یابد. به منظور بررسی اثرات کاربرد اسید هیومیک بر برخی ویژگی های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی رز مینیاتور رقم هفت رنگ، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با دو فاکتور غلظت اسید هیومیک در چهار سطح (0، 500، 1000 و 2000 میلی گرم در لیتر) و نحوه کاربرد آن به دو شیوه (کاربرد خاکی و محلولپاشی برگی) 5 بار با فاصله 15 روز یکبار با 3 تکرار و 2 مشاهده انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که اسید هیومیک سبب افزایش میزان آنتوسیانین و قندهای محلول برگ ها شد. محلولپاشی برگی 500 میلی گرم در لیتر اسید هیومیک، به طور معنی داری میزان کلروفیل و فتوسنتز را افزایش داد. همچنین محلولپاشی برگی با 1000 میلی گرم در لیتر اسید هیومیک، میزان قندهای محلول را بیش از سایر تیمارها افزایش داد. اسید هیومیک تاثیر معنی داری بر شاخص سطح برگ و وزن تر ریشه ها داشت. در مجموع به نظر می رسد تغذیه گیاهان با اسید هیومیک سبب بهبود ویژگی های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گل رز مینیاتور گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Evaluation of the Foliar Spraying Effects of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Salicylic Acid on the Petal Senescence and Postharvest Quality of Cut Roses cv. Samuraie
Vida Jodi Mansour Matloobi Asghar Ebrahimzadeh Gholam Reza MahdaviniaExtending the flower vase life is very important in the floriculture industry. In present study, the effectiveness of chitosan and salicylic acid nanoparticles in delaying of the senescence of cut roses was evaluated. Experiments were performed in a completely randomize MoreExtending the flower vase life is very important in the floriculture industry. In present study, the effectiveness of chitosan and salicylic acid nanoparticles in delaying of the senescence of cut roses was evaluated. Experiments were performed in a completely randomized design with 9 treatments in six repetitions, and the treatments were applied by petal spraying every three days. Chitosan nanoparticles with two concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 mg/L) and SA with two concentrations (0.1 and 0.3 mmol) on the postharvest quality of cut roses were tested during 15 days period (1, 4, 7, 11, 15 days after harvest). The maximum vase life (17.8 days) observed in flowers subjected to foliar spraying of 0.5 mg/liter of chitosan nanoparticles with 0.3 mM salicylic acid, while shortest flower longevity (13.5 days) obtained in untreated flowers. Also, the amount of relative water absorption of flowers and flavonoid content with significant increase were detected in 0.5 mg/L chitosan nanoparticles with 0.3 mM salicylic acid treatment. Treatments containing chitosan nanoparticles, especially the combined treatment of 0.5 mg/L of chitosan nanoparticles with 0.3 mM SA, reduced the amount of electrolyte leakage of the petals and increasing the vase life. moreover, the lowest activity of antioxidant enzymes including GPX, PPO, POD and hydrogen peroxide were observed in flowers sprayed with 0.5 mg/liter chitosan nanoparticles + 0.3 mM SA. Among chitosan nanoparticle treatments, the longest vase life was related to 0.5 mg/liter (15 days), which increased flowers vase life by 11% compared to the control. Between SA treatments, the concentration of 0.3 mM was the most effective with a 6% increase in flowers vase life comparing untreated flowers. Finally, the combined treatments of chitosan nanoparticles and SA beside improving postharvest quality of cut roses, caused a 31% increase in flower longevity comparing untreated flowers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Adoption of NERICA Varieties and Their Associated Technologies by Smallholder Farmers in the Northern and Southern Regions of Sierra Leone
Philip Kamanda Edwin Momoh Mark Yila Masa Motaung -
Open Access Article
369 - Nutritional Management of Broiler Rearing Farms in Guilan, Iran
Hossein Zaker Esteghamati Sayed Abdoullah Hosseini Hamid Reza Mohamadian Tabrizi Mohamad Hossein Palizdar Amir MeimandipourFrom a total of 656 broiler farms with the permission of exploitation in Guilan province, data was gathered from 20% of active farms including 85 units (Capacity of over 1663000 portions of broiler chickens) to evaluate the management of nutrition and nourish using ques MoreFrom a total of 656 broiler farms with the permission of exploitation in Guilan province, data was gathered from 20% of active farms including 85 units (Capacity of over 1663000 portions of broiler chickens) to evaluate the management of nutrition and nourish using questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed by the interview method. The methods of making feed, feed formulation, the shape of grain, the frequency of feeding, the type of dietary supplement and food additives, the use of experts, feed conversion ratio, causes of mortality, the age of mortality, drinking and feeding systems, and how to use fine nourishing (in the shape of supplement or concentrate) were considered in this study. The performance was calculated for each broiler farm. According to the production index, the farms were divided into three groups of weak (200+25), medium (250+25), and good (300+25) and their differences were compared. According to the results, among the managerial factors, the factors such as: feeding system, water quality, the conformity of ration in nutrition with the needs of commercial strains and drinking management, have the most portion in creating the three groups of good, medium and weak, among the broiler rearing farms. Thus, in the study of each group’s feeding system, the good group has the highest percentage of using automatic systems (86/60) and the weak group has the highest percentage of using manual systems. In comparing three groups regarding the drinking water quality, it was observed that good, medium and weak groups drink 92%, 61.84%, and 75% fresh water, respectively. Furthermore, in the weak group, most of the farms have used the water with tolerable hardness or saltiness. Finally, the conformity of strain’s requirement with diet was examined among groups. The results showed that 16.5% of units followed this conformity and the percentages of the good, medium, weak groups was 11.12%, 28%, 53.5%, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Investigating Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Organic Green Chicken in Iran (Case Study: Rasht City)
Mohammad Kavoosi Kalashami Morteza Heydari Houman KazeraniHealth and safety are important factors in today’s life. Most of studies show that consuming the chicken that has anti biotic caused different diseases like digestive vessel cancer. Attention to controlled use of antibiotics can play a key role in society health w MoreHealth and safety are important factors in today’s life. Most of studies show that consuming the chicken that has anti biotic caused different diseases like digestive vessel cancer. Attention to controlled use of antibiotics can play a key role in society health which considered in the production of green chicken. Planning for increasing the production of mentioned chicken needs the investigation of consumers’ WTP. So, using double bound contingent valuation method and logit model, present study estimates consumers’ WTP for green chicken in Rasht city. Among the explanatory variables applied in logit model, income and education level had positive and significant effects on WTP for green chicken. Results revealed that average WTP for a kg of green chicken equals to 37279 Rials, and because this WTP does not compensate the production costs, government protection such as Green subsidy should be considered in order to expand green products consumption in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Price Transmission Analysis in Iran Chicken Market
Seyed Safdar Hosseini Afsaneh Nikoukar Arash DourandishOver the past three decades vertical price transmission analysis has been the subject of considerable attention in applied agricultural conomics. It has been argued that the existence of asymmetric price transmission generates rents for marketing and processing agents. MoreOver the past three decades vertical price transmission analysis has been the subject of considerable attention in applied agricultural conomics. It has been argued that the existence of asymmetric price transmission generates rents for marketing and processing agents. Retail prices allegedly move faster upwards than downwards in response to farm level pricemovements. This is an important issue for many agricultural markets, including the Iranian chicken market. Chicken is an important source of nutrition in Iranian society and many rural households depend on this commodity market as a source of in-come. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the extent, if any, of symmetric price transmission in Iran chicken market using the Houck, Error Correction and Threshold models. The analysis is based on weekly chicken price data at farm and retail levels over the period October 2002 to March 2006. The results of tests on all three models show that price transmission in Iranian chicken market is long-run symmetric, but short-run asymmetric. Increases in the farm price transmit mmediately to the retail level, while decreases in farm price transmit relatively more slowly to the retail level. We conjecture the asymmetric price transmission in this market is the result of high inflation rates that lead the consumers to expect continual price increases and a different adjustment costs in the upwards direction compared to the downwards direction for the marketing agents and a non- competitive laughtering industry and that looking for ways to make this sector of the chicken supply chain more competitive will foster greater price ransmission symmetry and lead to welfare gains for both consumers and agricultural producers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - How should Rural Women's Enterprises Be Developed and Promoted?
Reza Movahedi Masoud Samian Khalil Mirzai Adel Esmaili SaloomahallehThis study was a qualitative research which was done by a case study approach. The samples were chosen from rural development experts of Hamedan Province during a snowball sampling process. The data were collected by the semistructured interviews. The data collection wa MoreThis study was a qualitative research which was done by a case study approach. The samples were chosen from rural development experts of Hamedan Province during a snowball sampling process. The data were collected by the semistructured interviews. The data collection was done by faceto- face interviews, after the interview questions guide was determined. The theoretical saturation was attained by interviewing 25 respondents and at this point the interview process was laid off. The qualitative analysis of interviews was done by a content analysis method. The results showed that in order to develop and promote the rural women enterprises not only financial, domestic, managerial, educational and cultural supports are needed but some approaches like culturalization and educational programs are vital too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Analysis of Labor-Management Negotiation based on Chicken Evolutionary Game and Catastrophe Theory
ahmad makui Seyed Mohammad Seyedhosseini Parinaz Esmaeili Seyed Jafar Sadjadi -
Open Access Article
374 - An alternative transformation in ranking using l1-norm in data envelopment analysis
S. Ziari -
Open Access Article
375 - Plan to develop a model for the production of sensory tactile books
Marjan Nikbakht zahra Abazari Mohsen Haji Zeanolabedini Fahimeh BabalhavaejiObjective: To present a plan for developing a model for the production of tactile books (from the perspective of production experts and educators of blind and visually impaired 3- to 6-year-old children) Methodology: The present study is a combined application. In the q MoreObjective: To present a plan for developing a model for the production of tactile books (from the perspective of production experts and educators of blind and visually impaired 3- to 6-year-old children) Methodology: The present study is a combined application. In the quality section, the Delphi method has been used to obtain the consensus of experts in the production and publication of tactile books. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to aggregate the views of educational instructors in an analytical survey. The content validity coefficient of the questionnaire was higher than 0.99 and the content validity index was higher than 0.79. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.863. The statistical population includes all experts in the production and publication of tactile books, which includes 33 production experts, of which 21 experts were selected as members of the Delphi panel in the qualitative part of the research by available sampling. In the quantitative section, all 76 in-service instructors were selected from 23 educational centers in Iran that work in connection with tactile books. Results: In the Delphi method in three stages and despite the low Kendall coefficient in the third round (0.565), it was concluded that finally the survey process of production and publishing experts, Delphi panel in the third round with 37 items Stop the questionnaire. Comparison of production criteria of tactile sensory books from the perspective of educational instructors to determine their approval indicates that the technical criteria of production (72%), content criteria (74%), and presentation criteria (72%) It was approved and among them, experts and educators assigned the highest amount to the content criterion with values (74%). Finally, the criteria for the production and evaluation of tactile books from the perspective of educators were largely approved (72%). Conclusion: In order to understand the most important criteria for the production of textbooks from the perspective of production and publishing experts and educators, after analyzing the components and turning them into new factors, with the help of factor analysis Exploratory and relative chi-square index and fitting confirmatory factor were presented, and a model for the production of tactile sensory books was developed and proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Suitable model for children's library from special librarians' viewpoint
Batool Rezaei-Ghomi Mohsen HamidiPurpose: This research presents a suitable model for children's library from special librarians' viewpoint. Methodology: This applied research was done using analytical survey approach. The research society includes fifty people of outstanding experts in children field MorePurpose: This research presents a suitable model for children's library from special librarians' viewpoint. Methodology: This applied research was done using analytical survey approach. The research society includes fifty people of outstanding experts in children field and Librarianship. To collect desired data a researcher-developed questionnaire was utilized. Findings: The suggested model was on the basis of ten indicators confirmed by IFLA guidelines. Conclusion: Ten indicators and two research hypotheses were confirmed according to the experts' viewpoints. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - A study of pictures of story books for children aging 7 to 12 published by the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults during 2001-2009
tahereh fazaliThe present research aims at evaluating the amount of desirability of pictures of story books for children aging 7-12, published by the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults (IIDCYA) during 2001-2009. The method of research in first sec MoreThe present research aims at evaluating the amount of desirability of pictures of story books for children aging 7-12, published by the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults (IIDCYA) during 2001-2009. The method of research in first section is library method and in second section is content analysis. The society of research includes all story books (68 titles) of children the range of 7-12 which has been published by IIDCYA. The collected data have been analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistics. On the basis of findings, it was realized that the amount of desirability is more than average in the most of pictures of story. Finally, some recommendations for improving the pictures, and some suggestions for further research were offered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - The application rate of five elements of Caldwell and Spinks’ strategic management in Tehran libraries of Intellectual Development Center of Children and Adolescents
Fatemeh Naderi narges neshatPurpose: Itstudies the use rate of five elements of Caldwell & Spinks strategic management in the libraries of intellectual development center of children and adolescents of Tehran City. Methodology: This is an analytic-survey study. A research-made questionnaire b MorePurpose: Itstudies the use rate of five elements of Caldwell & Spinks strategic management in the libraries of intellectual development center of children and adolescents of Tehran City. Methodology: This is an analytic-survey study. A research-made questionnaire based on five components of the model was developed and distributed to 167 M.S/PhD staff members. Findings: Among five components of Caldwell & Spinks strategic management, considering information exchange and the processes empowering the libraries of intellectual development center of children and adolescents received first and last place respectively. Although, it was supposed to be a difference between administrators’ majors and their opinions about using strategic management elements, the data show that there is no significant difference between the views of administrators majoring in librarianship, non-librarianship, and even management about their approach towards strategic management. Conclusion: Five management components are highly followed in Tehran libraries of intellectual development center of children and adolescents fulfilled between 5.68% and 7.75%. But, to achieve a desirable status and 100% fulfillment, each element particularly empowering ones need to be considered more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Investigating the Rate of Usage of IT in Libraries of the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adult, Ahwaz city and the Barriers of Applying Them in this Libraries
Seyyed Ali Akbar Famil Rohani Fatemeh Khajavi Mohsen Hamidipurpose: The aim of present research was to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the use of Information technology in libraries of the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adult Ahwaz city. Methodology: The descriptive survey is us Morepurpose: The aim of present research was to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the use of Information technology in libraries of the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adult Ahwaz city. Methodology: The descriptive survey is used.Three questionnaires were prepared for managers, employees and members of the library. For Analysis of Results Descriptive statistics and SPSS 18 Software were used. Findings: The amount of using information technology is in the lowest rate. Librarians declared that the major problem in using information technology in libraries, are inadequate facilities and in adequate training. Conclusion: 18.28 of employees declared the important priority barriers to use information technology was the loss of plan specifically for job training. Priority services client was online search services with an average of 111.70. The most important problem of the patrons was inadequate resources find with an average of 92.83 is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - The Role of Public Opinion in Changing Iran's Strategy in the Belt and Road Initiative and Turning Politics to the East
Ali Shabani Seyed Mohammad Kazem Sajjadpour Hassan Khodaverdi Karamollah Daneshfard -
Open Access Article
381 - Fundamental Labor Rights in the light of The European Court of Human Rights
Seyed Behnam Mehrdel کارن روحانی Iraj Rezainejad -
Open Access Article
382 - Properties, modification methods and applications of chitosan, Nano chitosan and their derivatives
fatemeh mohammadi javad safariabstractThe growing demand for bio-based polymeric materials in the recent decades has led to the use of a large number of polysaccharides. Chitosan is a deacetylated derivative of chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide after cellulose. Chitosan and its derivat MoreabstractThe growing demand for bio-based polymeric materials in the recent decades has led to the use of a large number of polysaccharides. Chitosan is a deacetylated derivative of chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide after cellulose. Chitosan and its derivatives have been considered by many researchers due to their numerous properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, chirality, high chemical reactivity, chelating and antimicrobial properties. This compound is intended as a bioactive polysaccharide with great potential for use in various fields such as food, cosmetics, medicine and biomedicine. However, its application is limited due to their solubility in many polar solvents and water, so chitosan modification is used for use in tissue engineering, transmission systems, wound healing, drug release, Agriculture industry and in general for greater advantage. This article seeks to provide an overview of the properties, modification and preparation methods, and applications of chitosan nano chitosan and its derivatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - Use of Films in Dynamic Assessment and the Writing Ability of Iranian Deaf Children
Mojgan Rashtchi Maryam Laleh -
Open Access Article
384 - An Inquiry into Intersemiotic Translation of Children's Books: A Case Study of Illustration and Rendition
Nastaran Habibian Alireza Ameri -
Open Access Article
385 - Methods of Persuasion in Mystical Books; The Case Study: Haqiq al-Haqq or Aina-i Haq Numa
Azam Khādemi Maryam Mahmoodi Parisā Dāvari Hossein ĀghāhosainiThe concept of "persuasion' has a special place in mystical and religious texts. It has a more important role than the concept of "waring" and is a means of indirectly guiding public opinion. The present essay examines the subject of persuasion in Haqiq al-Haqq or Aina- MoreThe concept of "persuasion' has a special place in mystical and religious texts. It has a more important role than the concept of "waring" and is a means of indirectly guiding public opinion. The present essay examines the subject of persuasion in Haqiq al-Haqq or Aina-i Haq Numa (Truth Showing Mirror), composed by Abd ul Latif Chishti. In this versified book, the poet attempts to attract the sālek (the holy traveler) to theistic mysticism and to immortalize the name of his own sect, the Chishtiye. By using the analytic-descriptive method and based on new linguistic methods and inspired by the functionalist theories of Jacobson and Lasswell, the present article tries to examine the subject of persuasion in the five areas of environment, stimulus, audience, reward and content. The results show that the use of figures of speech has brought the book a lot of literary value and the proper and frequent use of persuasion, as an educational method, has added to its educational richness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Mystical Symbolizing in I Ching, Feng Shen Yen I and Attār of Nishapur’s Mantiq-ut-Tayr (Simorgh, Duck, Rooster, Goose and Crane): A Comparative Study
Azim Hamzeian Raheleh MirakhorliSymbolic and allegorical poems are considered as literary masterpieces of Persian language and have similar examples in other languages such as two works from China called I Ching and Feng Shen Yen I. The present study intends to compare Mantiq-ut-Tayr with these two bo MoreSymbolic and allegorical poems are considered as literary masterpieces of Persian language and have similar examples in other languages such as two works from China called I Ching and Feng Shen Yen I. The present study intends to compare Mantiq-ut-Tayr with these two books by employing descriptive-analytical method. In all three works, birds such as Phoenix (Simorgh), duck, rooster, goose and crane are mentioned when talking about suluk (spiritual journey). Considering the antiquity of these two books and based on the researches, it can be said that the Chinese were influenced by pre-Islamic Iran in religion and some arts. In the Islamic period, in the fields of art, symbolism, literary and mystical stories, writing styles in poetry and prose, many similarities can be found between Iranian and Chinese cultures. The results indicate that there are similarities between the patterns and actions of these birds (such as attention to suluk or spiritual journey, purity, purification of the soul, avoidance of self-deception, attention to the end of all ends, tolerance of sufferings and attention to the idea of eternity and immortality) in both Iranian and Chinese mystical traditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - Psycho-Mythological Analysis of a Story of Children: The Study of the Horn that got Croup; Based on the Theory of Individuation
Amir Hossein Zanjanbar Ayoob MoradiJung considers psychoanalysis as archeology of human consciousness. On this basis, the term "archetype", which underlies the theory of the process of individuation, is derived from a combination of the terms archeology and typology. Individuation is the archetype of psy MoreJung considers psychoanalysis as archeology of human consciousness. On this basis, the term "archetype", which underlies the theory of the process of individuation, is derived from a combination of the terms archeology and typology. Individuation is the archetype of psychological development which is involuntary, gradual, regular and strong. It consists of a chain of archetypes such as shadow, persona, wise old man, anima. The goal of the process of individuation is the conscious integration of the components of this archetypal chain in the form of a single archetype called "self". Jung's psycho-mythological analysis is based on the discovery and interpretation of archetypes, and in the present research, we use this method of analysis to recognize and interpret archetypes related to the process of individuation in the story The horn that got Croup, written by Hamed Habibi and illustrated by Alireza Goldooziyan. We are also looking for an answer to the question of how the archetypes of psychological development are represented in the text and images of the story. The innovation of the research is that it examines the theory of individuation in a text composed of text and image. In other words, it considers the interaction of archetypes related to individuation in the verbal and visual text. The results show that the pattern of identification in such stories is the reproduction of the archetype of individuality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - The Story of the Tree and The Child of the People and the Myth of Medusa: A Comparative Study Based on the Theory of Castration Anxiety
Amir Hossein ZanjanbarFreud believes that myths, like dreams, are the symbolic representations of repressed sexual desires and the result of castration anxiety, and on this basis, he offers psychological-mythological reading of the archetype of " Medusa's head". He explains the works of art MoreFreud believes that myths, like dreams, are the symbolic representations of repressed sexual desires and the result of castration anxiety, and on this basis, he offers psychological-mythological reading of the archetype of " Medusa's head". He explains the works of art based on the theory of castration anxiety, and believes that psychological stories, like psycho-biographies, can be analyzed from psychoanalytic point of view. In the present article, the short story of The Tree and The Child of the People, by Abdolmajid Najafi, a psychological story, has been compared with the myth of Medusa, and a psychoanalytic reading of these two texts has been made. The purpose of this comparison is to show that both the myths and the contemporary child and adolescent stories are projections of human inner psyche. The article seeks to answer how castration anxiety is represented in the story of The Tree and The Child of the People and the myth of Medusa. The research, at first by using analytical-descriptive method, decodes the story, and then compares its theme with the psychological characteristics of Medusa from Freudian point of view. The results show that the theme of phallic stage, as one of the stages of psychosexual development, has always been present throughout history, from the myths made by primitive humans to the contemporary stories of children and adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Investigate of Perceived Stress in Divorced Adolescent Girls: A Qualitative Study
beigard nasrollahi Hossein keshavarzafshar Keyvan Salehi fahimeh bahonarThe aim of this study was to investigate the perceived stress of divorced adolescent girls. The research method was phe- nomenological qualitative. The study population consisted of 17 girls under 18 years of age who were selected based on purposive sampling for semi-st MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the perceived stress of divorced adolescent girls. The research method was phe- nomenological qualitative. The study population consisted of 17 girls under 18 years of age who were selected based on purposive sampling for semi-structured interviews and continued until data collection was saturated. The Colaizzi method was used to analyze the data. Data analysis led to the identification of 3 main themes and 53 sub-themes. The results showed that the sources of stress, positive and negative coping strategies, and the consequences of high stress in girls as the three main themes have a wide range. Therefore, divorce, while disrupting the psychological-emotional balance of family members, causes stress about the future lives of people. In such a way that negative strategies and consequences can overshadow their future and endanger their physical and mental health. According to the results of the research, the need for supportive counseling interventions for this spectrum is felt Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - Explaining the parents coping styles with children negative emotions (CCNE) based on the characteristics temperament and character, considering the mediating role of emotion regulation among parents with autistic children
Fereshte Babaei Mehdi Tavallaei alireza sharifi ardani Rayyan RajabiThe purpose of this study was to identify the mediating role of life management strategies in the relationship between generativity-stagnation with subjective well-being in the middle age period. The research method was correlation and the statistical population of the MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the mediating role of life management strategies in the relationship between generativity-stagnation with subjective well-being in the middle age period. The research method was correlation and the statistical population of the research consisted of all middle-aged citizens of Kermanshah 200 individuals (127 men and 73 women) were selected by voluntary sampling method and responded to four instruments of subjective well-being (Keyes, Shmotkin & Ryff, 2002), Loyola generativity scale) McAdams & de St Aubin, 1992), stagnation scale (Bradley,1997), life management Strate- gies scale (Baltes et al.,1999). For data analysis, we used path analysis. The results showed that generativity has a direct relationship with life management strategies stagnation has an opposite relationship with life management strategies and life management strat- egies have a direct effect on subjective well-being. Also, the results showed that life management strategies can act as a mediator in the relationship between generativity- stagnation and subjective well-being. As a result, considering the importance of subjective well-being in the middle-aged, psychologists can take a step towards increasing the quality of this period by relying on the two variables of generativist- stagnation, and life management strategies and trying to improve and modify them in the middle-aged and performing interventions and treatments in the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - The Mediating Role of Emotional Regulation in the Relationship Between Traumatic Childhood Experiences and Maternal Reflective Functioning 
Shahnaz Ahmadi Mohtaram NemattavousiThis study was done with the aim of determining the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship between child- hood traumatic experience and maternal reflective functioning. The statistical population included the mothers who visited safe houses in the ci MoreThis study was done with the aim of determining the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship between child- hood traumatic experience and maternal reflective functioning. The statistical population included the mothers who visited safe houses in the city of Tehran in 2021. By the convenient method, 312 mothers were selected using the convenience sampling method and the participants answered the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (Luyten et al., 2017), childhood trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein et al.,2003), and difficulties in emotion regulation scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004). The results of the path analysis test indicated that traumatic childhood experiences were able to explain 63% of the variance in emotional regulation diffi- culties. Moreover, traumatic childhood experiences and difficulties in emotion regulation were respectively able to explain 65, 25, and 32% of the variance of the subscales of the pre-mentalizing modes, the certainty of mental states, interest, and curiosity mental states of maternal reflective functioning. These findings indicate that emotional regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and maternal reflective functioning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - Kindergarten inventory of social/emotional tendencies:a cross-validation study
Parirokh Dadsetan Ali Asgari Susan Rahimzade Maryam BayatThe psychometric properties of the Persian translated of Kindergarten Inventory of Social/ Emotional Tendencies (KIST; Miller, Michie & Miller, 1997) were studied, using cross-validation method. A sample of 1435 children (767 boys and 668 girls) aged 5-6 years old-w MoreThe psychometric properties of the Persian translated of Kindergarten Inventory of Social/ Emotional Tendencies (KIST; Miller, Michie & Miller, 1997) were studied, using cross-validation method. A sample of 1435 children (767 boys and 668 girls) aged 5-6 years old-were randomly selected from Tehran kindergartens and preschools and assigned into two groups (sample A=725, sample B=710). The mothers of sample group filled out the KIST (50 items rated from zero to 5). Results of exploratory factor analysis using oblique rotations showed that by combining KIST’s two original subscales of Hyperactivity/Inattentiveness and Maladaptive Behaviors and omitting the Sleep behavior subscale, the Persian version of KIST consisted of six factors: 1) Hyperactivity-Maladaptive behaviors, 2) Social skills, 3) Communications skills, 4) Daily living skills, 5) Eating behavior, and 6) Separation anxiety smptoms. These factors accounted for 40.2% of the variance. The fit indices of CFA confirmed the cross validity of the inventory. Significant positive coefficients between the KIST total score and the teacher scores (r=0.35) confirmed the convergent validity. KIST's significant negative coefficients with the Children Behavior Checklist (-0.32) and Teacher Report Form (-0.33) of Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (Achenbach, 1991) confirmed the divergent validity. The theoretical bases of extracted factors are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - The Mediation Roles of Self-System Processes and Academic Emotions in Relationship between Autonomy Supportive Environment and Academic Engagement
Farideh Yousefi Maryam Bordbarpurpose of present study was to investigate the mediating roles of self-system processes and academic emotions in the relationship between autonomy supportive environment and academic engagement. The sample consisted of 461 Shiraz University students. The research instr Morepurpose of present study was to investigate the mediating roles of self-system processes and academic emotions in the relationship between autonomy supportive environment and academic engagement. The sample consisted of 461 Shiraz University students. The research instruments included academic engagement questionnaire (Reeve, 2013), basic psychological needs scale (Gagne, 2003), autonomy supportive environment questionnaire (Assor et al, 2002 & Assor 2012), hope scale (Pekrun et al, 2002), curiosity questionnaire (Litman et al, 2010), and empathy questionnaire (Vossen et al, 2016). The findings showed that autonomy supportive environment had direct effects on self-system processes and academic engagement and an indirect effect on academic engagement by mediating of self-system processes and academic emotions. Autonomy supportive environment had an indirect effect on academic emotions by mediating of self-system processes. Self-system processes had direct effects on academic emotions and academic engagement, furthermore by mediating of academic emotions had an indirect effect on academic engagement. Academic emotions had a positive and significant effect on academic engagement. Accordingly, self-system processes and academic emotions played mediating roles in relationship between autonomy supportive environment and academic engagement Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - Psychometric Properties of Preschool Children Anxiety Scale (Teacher Form)
Saeed Ghanbari Rahim Rabieenejad Parisa Ganje Sanaz Khoramzadehthe present study examined psychometric properties of teacher form of Preschool Children Anxiety Scale (Spense & Rapee, 2001) among a sample of 4-6 year old children of Ahvaz city. One hundred and fifty children from care centers of four areas of Ahvaz were selected Morethe present study examined psychometric properties of teacher form of Preschool Children Anxiety Scale (Spense & Rapee, 2001) among a sample of 4-6 year old children of Ahvaz city. One hundred and fifty children from care centers of four areas of Ahvaz were selected by multi-stage sampling. The children’s teachers completed the Teacher Form of Preschool Children Anxiety Scale and the Teacher Report Form of the Conner’s Child Behavior Checklist (Conner, 1999). The exploratory factor analysis with principal component and varimax rotation led to extraction of five factors, including general anxiety, social anxiety, fear of physical injury, separation anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive. The results indicated good psychometric properties of the teacher form of Spence Preschool Children Anxiety Scale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - The Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Life Skills Training on Mental Health
Haidar Ali Hooman Kamran Ganji Ahmad Omidifarthe aim of the present research was to conduct a meta-analysis examining the effectiveness of life skills training on the mental health of school children and university students. Twenty seven Iranian studies from 2001 to 2012 comprising of 3089 participants were used i Morethe aim of the present research was to conduct a meta-analysis examining the effectiveness of life skills training on the mental health of school children and university students. Twenty seven Iranian studies from 2001 to 2012 comprising of 3089 participants were used in the meta-analysis. Data was analyzed using standardized mean difference effect size method or Cohen’s d (1988) for fixed effect model. Findings indicated that the mean of mixed-model of effect size for fixed effect model and for random effect model were significant, respectively 1.834 and 3.117(P<0.001). Since the effect sizes were heterogeneous, moderating variables were searched. The results indicated that in terms of research designs and gender there were no significant differences between effect sizes across the studies. However, in terms of age and number of life skills training there were significant differences between effect sizes across the studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - the effectiveness of resilience training on psychological well-being of female street children with externalizing disorders
Marzieh Dousti Masoumeh PourmohamadrezaTajrishi Bagher GhobariBonabhe present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of resilience training on psychological well-being of street female adolescents with externalizing disorders. In this semi-experimental study, 94 female adolescents aged between 12 and 16 who were the members of the Morehe present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of resilience training on psychological well-being of street female adolescents with externalizing disorders. In this semi-experimental study, 94 female adolescents aged between 12 and 16 who were the members of the Society for Defending Street and Working Children in Tehran completed the Achenbach Self-Report Scale (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). Thirty adolescents with 63 and higher scores on the Achenbach Self-Report Scale were selected randomly and assigned into either experimental or control group. The experimental group received 15 weekly sessions of Resilience Training. Both experimental and control groups completed the Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (RPWB; Ryff & Keyes, 1995) before and after the training sessions. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results indicated that experimental group had higher scores in all components of psychological well-being than the control group except for autonomy. The findings suggest that the resilience training program increases the psychological well-being of female street addescents with externalizing disorders Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - psychometric properties of the behavior rating inventory of executive functioning-perschool version(teacher form)
Ali Mashhadi Jafar Hassani Zarrin Barerfan Parisa Njafi Gol Sharareh Daneshvarhe aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P; Teacher Form). Three hundred and ninety preschool children between ages two and five were sele Morehe aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P; Teacher Form). Three hundred and ninety preschool children between ages two and five were selected using multistage random sampling from Mashhad in 2011-2012 academic year. The participants’ teachers completed the BRIEF-P. The reliability of the inventory was assessed by internal consistency and item-rest correlations. In order to investigate the validity of the inventory, factor analysis and concurrent validity were used. The Cronbach’s alpha and item-rest correlations indicated satisfactory reliability of the inventory and its subscales. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated five factor (inhibition, shift, emotional control, working memory, and planning/organization) and three factor (inhibitory self-control, flexibility and metacognition) models. Moreover, convergent validity of the BRIEF-P (teacher form) with the CBCL was satisfactory. The findings suggested that the BRIEF-P(teacher form) may be a useful tool in assessing preschoolers’executive functioning and can be used in Iranian psychological research and clinical settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - Synthetic Research of the Aesthetic Education Studies Based on the Dimensions of Child Development
Nasrin Askari Mohammad Nourian Mahmood Abaeikoopaei The purpose of this study was a systematic study to provide a series of studies on the elements of aesthetic education based on the dimensions of child development. The study design was qualitative using the strategy of researching synthesis. Data analysis w More The purpose of this study was a systematic study to provide a series of studies on the elements of aesthetic education based on the dimensions of child development. The study design was qualitative using the strategy of researching synthesis. Data analysis was conducted using an analytical content analysis method with directional approach. In which recent research has been selected, categorized, and categorized in a systematic way. The surveyed community of related topics from 2000 to 2018 was published on prestigious domestic and foreign sites. Out of 59 papers, 41 samples were selected in a targeted way. First, theoretical foundations and main themes were extracted, coded and classified. The results represent the conceptual model, which has 19 categories related to goals, 18 categories of components and 19 categories of aesthetic education outcomes, which fall into four main categories of personality development, spiritual development, social development and cognitive development. The categories of imagination and accuracy in all aspects of transformation and other components are in some common dimensions.On this basis, it can be concluded that the teaching of aesthetic elements influences the development of children in different aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - Comparing the Efficacy of the Behavioral Therapy methods with Speech Therapy on the Development of Children’s Communicative Skills
Shima Jarahi Hamid NejatThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavioral therapy with speech therapy approach in improving autistic children’s communication skills. Thirty children with autism were selected. Participation was voluntarily. The participants MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavioral therapy with speech therapy approach in improving autistic children’s communication skills. Thirty children with autism were selected. Participation was voluntarily. The participants assigned equally in three groups: Two experimental and one control group. The participants completed the Word Health Organization Communicative Skills Scale (1980). The study design was pretest- posttest. One of the experimental group received 12 session of pivotal response behavioral therapy (each 90 minutes) and the other experimental group received 48 sessions of melodic speech therapy (each 30 minutes). The results of analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) indicated that both pivotal response behavioral therapy and melodic speech therapy increased communication skills in the experimental groups in comparison with the control group. There was a significant difference between the pivotal response behavioral therapy and melodic speech therapy communicative skills development, with pivotal response behavioral therapy was more effective than melodic speech therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - The Efficacy of Parent- Child Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention on Behavioral Problems of Physically Abused Children and Parental Practices
Mina Moein Eslam Mohamad Ali Mazaheri Karine Tahmasian Jalil FathabadiThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of parent- child focused cognitive- behavioral intervention on decreasing behavioral problems of physically abused children and improving parental practices. Twenty eight children aged 7-9 years from the Associa MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of parent- child focused cognitive- behavioral intervention on decreasing behavioral problems of physically abused children and improving parental practices. Twenty eight children aged 7-9 years from the Association for Protection of Working Children in Tehran and their mothers were selected by available sampling. Fifteen pairs of mother-child were assigned into the parent-child group and 13 mothers were assigned into the parent focused group. The mothers received 5 sessions of the combined parent-child cognitive- behavioral therapy package and the children received 8 sessions of the package. Posttest conducted at the end of the intervention. The study had a 2-month follow-up period. The mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991), the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (Frick, 1991) and the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (Milner, 1986). The data were analyzed by mixed ANOVA. The results indicated that the cognitive- behavioral intervention significantly decreased internalizing and externalizing problems. The scores of the poor monitoring and the corporal punishment subscales of the parental practices scale decreased but the scores of the child abuse potential subscale didn’t significantly change. Furthermore there were no significant differences between the effectiveness of the intervention on behavioral problems, parental practices and child abuse potential in both groups, which reflected the central role of mothers in child abuse interventions. By clarifying the role of child and parent in child abuse interventions, the findings suggested these interventions could be applied to clinical settings and may reduce the child abuse phenomenon.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - Parenting stress and general health:a research on the relation between parenting stress and general health among housewife-mothers and nurse-mothers with young children
Parirokh Dadsetan Ali Ahmadi Azghandi Hamid Reza HassanabadiThis study aimed at testing a) the relationship between parenting stress and general health among the mothers with young children b) the employment buffer approach in a housewives who were selected randomly among MoreThis study aimed at testing a) the relationship between parenting stress and general health among the mothers with young children b) the employment buffer approach in a housewives who were selected randomly among mothers in the city of Rasht, responded to the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and then completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and a questionnaire including the statements for controlling some variables. There was a significant difference between parenting stress levels of both groups, but the difference between general health rates of both groups was not significant. However, the difference between the groups in depression sub-scale was significant. Analysis of multiple regression indicated that the main effect of parenting stress and the interaction effect of employment and parenting stress on general health were significant. But, the employment did not have a significant effect on general health. Results showed that employment, even in such stressful profession as nursing, moderates the negative effect of parenting stress on mothers’ health. Findings explain the harmful psychological and physical consequences of parenting stress and the importance of the stress experienced by mothers of young children. Findings also emphasize a need for planning supportive and preventive programs for mothers who experience job stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - The Effectiveness of Parent-Child Story-Telling With Role Play on Creativity of Preschool Children
Sara Sadat Arabi Zanjani Ali Zadeh Mohammadi Parisa Sadat Seyed MousaviThis study aimed to compare the effectiveness of parent-child story-telling with and without role-play on the creativity of preschool children. The study population included 4 to 6-year-old children and their mothers. The sample consisted of 42 preschool children ( MoreThis study aimed to compare the effectiveness of parent-child story-telling with and without role-play on the creativity of preschool children. The study population included 4 to 6-year-old children and their mothers. The sample consisted of 42 preschool children (24 girls and 18 boys), who were randomly assigned to three experimental, compare, and control groups. In order to gather data, the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (1998) was used in the three stages of evaluation of creativity. The results of the covariance analysis indicated that story-telling with role-play had efficacy on the creativity of children and according to the following tests had more efficacy than the story-telling without role-play. According to repeated measures analysis of variance, the efficacy of parent-child story-telling with role-play on general creativity and all its components was stable through time and the efficacy of parent-child story-telling without role-play on creativity was stable only in general creativity and the components of originality and elaboration. According to the results, the methods of parent-child story-telling with role-play can be used to increase the creativity of children, whether at home or educational places Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - Development of executive functioning in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and normal children:from perschool to the end of primary school
Ameneh Karamshaii Ahmad AbediThis study aimed to investigate the development of executive functioning in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and normal children. Four hundred and twenty children (210 normal children, 210 ADHD children) were selected using multistage cluste MoreThis study aimed to investigate the development of executive functioning in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and normal children. Four hundred and twenty children (210 normal children, 210 ADHD children) were selected using multistage cluster random sampling .The participants completed the Connors Parental Questionnaire (Connors, 1997) and the NEPSY Tower Test (Korkman, Kirk, & Kemp, 1998). The results of two ways analysis of variance indicated significant differences in executive functioning between normal children and ADHD children in different age groups. The ADHD children performances were significantly lower than normal children. The findings suggest that the developmental trend of executive functioning in normal children increase with age. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - The Effectiveness of Training Protocol for Treating with Children of Divorce for Mothers and Children of Divorce Intervention Program on Emotion Management of Divorce Children
Maedeh Bazargan Akram Dehghani Zohreh RaeisiThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of training protocol for treating with children of divorce for mothers and children of divorce intervention program on the emotion management of divorce children. The method of the study was quasi-experimental with MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of training protocol for treating with children of divorce for mothers and children of divorce intervention program on the emotion management of divorce children. The method of the study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up. From divorced mothers referring to a psychological clinic in Tehran for parenting education in 2021, 45 of them were selected by available sampling (Three groups of 15 people). The research instruments included the Emotion Regulation Checklist of Shields & Cicchetti (1998).The results mixed analysis of variance showed that adaptive emotion regulation and instability/negativity in the post-test and follow-up stages showed significant changes compared to the pre-test and in the instability/negativity variable, the child-specific intervention group showed significant results compared to the control group. However, no significant results were observed for the training protocol for treating with children of divorce for mothers. According to the results, it can be concluded that the child-specific intervention program for divorce children is effective on managing the emotions of divorced children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - Perceived childhood attachment,family functioning and relodious coping
Fatemeh Shahabizadeh Mohamad A. MazaheriThis study aimed to examine family functioning patterns as mediators between perceived childhood attachment to each parent (secure and insecure) and religious coping. Seven hundred and seventy students of Tehran universities were selected using multi-stage sampling. The MoreThis study aimed to examine family functioning patterns as mediators between perceived childhood attachment to each parent (secure and insecure) and religious coping. Seven hundred and seventy students of Tehran universities were selected using multi-stage sampling. The participants completed the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (Olson, Gorall, & Tiesel, 2004), the Religious Coping Scale (Pargament, Koeing, & Perez, 2000), and the Childhood Attachment to each Parent Scale (Hazan & Shaver, 1986). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results indicated that 1) Chaotically disengaged family fully mediated the relationship between insecure attachment to each parent and positive religious coping, 2) Adaptability cohesion family mediated the relationship between secure attachment to each parent and negative religious coping, 3) Insecure attachment to father had direct and indirect (through family adaptability and cohesion) effects on negative religious coping, and 4) Secure attachment to father had a direct effect on positive religious coping but attachment to mother didn't not have a direct effect on religious coping. These findings suggests that not only attachment history is important in understanding religious coping strategies but also family functioning plays an important role in this relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
406 - Psychometric Properties of the Self-Esteem Inventory for Children
Raana Ravan Parsa Mohtaram Nemat TavousiThe study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory (CFSEI; Battle, 2002). The inventory was administered to 600 students (300 girls, 300 boys) aged between 6 and 8 years. The participants were selected from public preschoo MoreThe study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory (CFSEI; Battle, 2002). The inventory was administered to 600 students (300 girls, 300 boys) aged between 6 and 8 years. The participants were selected from public preschools, and from the first and the second grade of public primary schools located in northern and southern parts of Tehran using stage sampling method. The results of criterion validity, differential validity, and construct validity of the CFSEI were analyzed. To examine the convergent validity of the CFSEI, the Piers-Harris Children’s Self Concept Scale (PHCSCS; Piers, 1984) was used. The results indicated that CFSEI had a positive and significant association with the PHCSCS. To establish the divergent validity of the CFSEI, the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence, 1998) was used. The results indicated that the CFSEI had a negative and significant association with the SCAS. Except for one question which didn’t have an acceptable coefficient of determination which was removed from the CFSEI, the validity of the CFSEI was confirmed. To establish the reliability of the CFSEI, split half, test-retest and Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 were used. The results indicated that the CFSEI had good reliability. The findings suggest that the CFSEI is a reliable and valid tool to employ with Iranian children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - Preliminary Study of Developmental Progression of Clock Face Drawing in Children
Kamran Ganji Ali Delavar Rozita ZabihiThe purpose of this research was to study developmental progression of clock face drawing and conceptualization of time among the primary and middle school students of Tehran. One hundred and sixty students (106 males, 55 females; M=9, SD=1.5) without behavioral, emotio MoreThe purpose of this research was to study developmental progression of clock face drawing and conceptualization of time among the primary and middle school students of Tehran. One hundred and sixty students (106 males, 55 females; M=9, SD=1.5) without behavioral, emotional, mental, and pervasive developmental disorders, completed clock face drawing test (Cohen, et al ,2000). Conceptualization of time and construction of the clock face were assessed separately using Cohen and his colleague (2000) scoring system. The results indicated a gradual progression of the clock drawing and the concept of time from the age of eight onward. Results also demonstrated that the qualitative errors such as number reversals, spacing errors and erasing were common in ages seven and eight, but decreased gradually as the age increased. Given the pattern of the findings, linear progression in using the quarter of circle suggest that the neglect in children has developmental nature. In general, development of clock face drawing to a large extent parallels the frontal lobe maturation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - Qualitative Analysis of the Factors Affecting Self-Esteem of Iranian Children
Fatemeh Ebrahimi Kazem Rasoulzadeh Tabatabai Saeed Ghanbari Karineh TahasianThis study aimed to analyze the factors affecting self-esteem of Iranian children. To achieve this goal, two sample groups were used, which included child psychologists and parents. The two groups were interviewed in a semi-structured interview and, after writing these MoreThis study aimed to analyze the factors affecting self-esteem of Iranian children. To achieve this goal, two sample groups were used, which included child psychologists and parents. The two groups were interviewed in a semi-structured interview and, after writing these interviews, open codes, classes and themes were extracted using qualitative content analysis method. Finally, in order to measure the Data strength, their content validity was calculated by Delphi method and CVR rate was obtained for each class. The results showed that the factors affecting children's self-esteem fall into three themes: Self-inheritance, relationship inheritance and system inheritance. Self-inheritance refers to personality and temperament factors, relationship means the dimensions of the child's parental relationship, and the system refers to environmental factors that include the child's system. All classes of these three themes, except for the class of accompanying disorders, in the theme of self-inheritance, were able to obtain at least the Minimum content validity. Understanding the factors affecting childs self-esteem can enable more effective intervention on this transdiagnosticstructure and improve children's mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - Preliminary Properties of Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale (Parent Version)
Naeime Talaeinejad Saeed Ghanbari MohammadAli Mazaheri Ali AsgariThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale-ParentVersion (SAAS-P) (Hahn, Hajilian, Eisen, Winder, & Pincus, 2003) among 4-6 year old children. Three hundred and two preschool children selected MoreThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale-ParentVersion (SAAS-P) (Hahn, Hajilian, Eisen, Winder, & Pincus, 2003) among 4-6 year old children. Three hundred and two preschool children selected by available sampling from sixteen kindergartens in district 1 of Tehran, Iran. The children’s mothers completed the SAAS-P and the Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) (Spence, Rapee, McDonald, & Ingram, 2001). The reliability of the scale was examined usingthe internal consistency estimation. All subscales of the SAAS-P displayed moderate to high internal consistency (0.62 to 0.74). In order to investigate the validity of the scale, factor analysis and concurrent validity were used. Concurrent validity of the scale was supported by high correlation with the Preschool Anxiety Scale. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyse ssupported the four-factor model of the scale. The analyses of the psychometric properties suggested that the SAAS-P is a promising measure of separation anxiety that can be employed in clinical situations and to be used to screen children with separation anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - Perceived childhood attachment,adult attachment and attachment to god
Mojgan Sepah Mansour Fatemeh Shahabizadeh Elaheh KhoshnevisThis study investigated the relationship between three attachment styles : perceived childhood attachment, adult attachment, and attachment to God in the Islamic society of Iran. 193 high school students were selected by cluster sampling method and completed the measure MoreThis study investigated the relationship between three attachment styles : perceived childhood attachment, adult attachment, and attachment to God in the Islamic society of Iran. 193 high school students were selected by cluster sampling method and completed the measures of Attachment to God (Rowatt & Kirkpatrick, 2002), Adult Attachment Styles (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), and Perceived Childhood Attachment to Each Parent (Hazan & Shaver, 1986). Results indicated that insecure attachment to parents, insecure adult attachment, and insecure attachment to God were positively correlated with each other. Secure attachment to parents was positively related to secure attachment to God. The quality of relationship with God and attachment to parents in adulthood are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - The effectiveness of behavior management training on perental stress of autistic children,s mothers
Karineh Tahmassian Razieh Khorram Abadi Narges ChimehThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent behavior management training program in decreasing parental stress of mothers with autistic children. Based on semi experimental design, 30 mothers with autistic children were selected and divid MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent behavior management training program in decreasing parental stress of mothers with autistic children. Based on semi experimental design, 30 mothers with autistic children were selected and divided into two (experimental and control) groups. Groups were matched by children’s age and gender, and mother’s age and education. Participants completed Parental Stress Index (PSI; Abidin, 1990) in pretest, posttest and follow up phases. For six weeks, the experimental group received parental training (2 hours a week). The control group received no training. Repeated measure analysis indicated that parental training program reduced parental stress and enhanced coping to parental stress of autistic children. Clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of parental stress among mothers with autistic children were discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - the effectiveness of attachment-based storytelling on reducing bedtime problems and enhancing child-mother relationship
Shayeste Shokoufefard Mohammad Ali Mazaheri Karine Tahmassianthis study investigated the effectiveness of attachment based storytelling on reducing children’s bedtime problems and enhancing child-mother relationship, and comparing this method with positive routines. The sample consisted of 30 children ages between four and Morethis study investigated the effectiveness of attachment based storytelling on reducing children’s bedtime problems and enhancing child-mother relationship, and comparing this method with positive routines. The sample consisted of 30 children ages between four and six years who complained about bedtime problem from Shiraz nursing homes using convenience sampling. The participants were randomly assigned into attachment based storytelling, positive routines, and control groups. The experimental groups received the training sessions. At the end of training sessions post-test was conducted. The participants’ mothers completed the Child Sleep Habit Questionnaire (Owens, Spirito, & McGuinn, 2000) and the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (Pinata,1992). The results of analysis of variance (repeated measures) indicated that while bedtime problems reduced in both the attachment based storytelling group and positive routines, it was in the attachment based storytelling group which the childmother relationship was enhanced significantly. The findings suggested that the clinical application of attachment based on storytelling not only reduced sleep problems but also improve mental and emotional health of the child and the family. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - Parenting Attitude to Literacy and Cognitive Skills in Preschool Children
Seyedeh Marjan Mazloom Sousan RahimzadehThis study was conducted with the aim of recognizing the role of parenting attitude to literacy in predicting cognitive skills in children between the ages of 5 years old to 5 years old and 11 months. 128 children (66 boys and 62 girls) were selected from Borazjan, MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of recognizing the role of parenting attitude to literacy in predicting cognitive skills in children between the ages of 5 years old to 5 years old and 11 months. 128 children (66 boys and 62 girls) were selected from Borazjan, through randomized cluster sampling method. The study design was correlational and the children completed two scales of Early Cognitive Skills (Hamnavay-e Avay-e Royesh, 1394) while their parents completed the Home Literacy Environment Scale (Hamnavay-e Avay-e Royesh, 1394). Data analysis indicated that home literacy environment has a positive correlation with early child’s cognitive skills. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that home literacy environment explains 24% of the variance of early cognitive skills (14%reading-writing skills and 10% math skills) in children, and the parent’s interest in reading subscale (from literacy environment scale) predicts 4% of children’s reading-writing skills. Findings emphasize on the importance of enriching family environment and awareness in increasing the early cognitive skills in preschoolers, and preventing educational downfall in each grade Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - Storytelling and development of the concept of god in iarnian and lebanese children
Parirokh Dadsetan Omaime M. Aligh Kazem R. Tabatabaee Masoud Azarbaijani Maryam BayatThis research explored the effects of storytelling on the development of the concept of God in Iranian and Lebanese children. 238 (138 Iranian and 100 Lebanese) girls and 222 (107 Iranian and 115 Lebanese) boys 6-11 years old were randomly assigned to an experimental an MoreThis research explored the effects of storytelling on the development of the concept of God in Iranian and Lebanese children. 238 (138 Iranian and 100 Lebanese) girls and 222 (107 Iranian and 115 Lebanese) boys 6-11 years old were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. The experimental group received eight sessions of forty-five minute storytelling. The control group received none. Before and after all sessions of storytelling, clinical interview (Lawrence, 1965) was conducted to measure the concept of God. Analysis of covariance showed that storytelling had a positive effect on the development of concept of God and all its components. There were no gender and cultural differences in the total score of the concept of God; but Iranian children scored higher on the components of “existence of God” and “omniscience”. The Lebanese children scored higher in the “invisibility” component. Boys described God as more omnipotent than girls did. In the post test, boys in experimental group scored higher on the “nature of God” component than the girls and control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - Effectiveness of Mothers'Mindful Parenting on Emotional Regulation, Secure Child-Parent Attachment, and Aggression in Preschool Children
Elahe Aslami Akram Malekzadeh Nasrin PirmoradianThis study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mothers’ mindful parenting training on emotional regulation, secure child-parent attachment, and aggression of their preschool children. The research was quasi-experimental with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up MoreThis study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mothers’ mindful parenting training on emotional regulation, secure child-parent attachment, and aggression of their preschool children. The research was quasi-experimental with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers with preschool children in Isfahan in the academic year 2019-20, from which 50 people were selected by stage random sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The research instruments included Aggression Scale for Preschoolers (Vahedi, Fathiazar, Hosseini-Nasab & Moghaddam, 2008), Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) (Shields and Cicchetti, 1997) and Kinship Center Attachment Questionnaire (Kappenberg & Halpern, 2006). The experimental group then received Boggles and Rastifo protocol (2014) in 8 sessions of 90 minutes of mindful parenting protocol. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that mothers’ mindful parenting training increased adaptive emotional regulation and secure attachment and decreased the instability of emotional regulation and aggression in their children. However, in the follow-up phase (5 months after the intervention), no significant difference was observed between the variables of the two groups, which can confirm the reholding of these courses in short intervals for parents. The findings of this research highlight the necessity of applying mindful parenting training programs to mothers in order to improve parent-child attachment relationships, and emotional regulation and reduce aggression in preschool children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - Maternal obsessive-compulsive disorder and an xiety in children
Zahra Sarami Sholeh Amiri Hamid Taher Neshat Doust Hossein MolaviThe present study examined the effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) on maternal obsessivecompulsive symptoms and child anxiety. A sample of 217 mothers of primary school children completed the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI; Rachman & Hodgson, MoreThe present study examined the effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) on maternal obsessivecompulsive symptoms and child anxiety. A sample of 217 mothers of primary school children completed the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI; Rachman & Hodgson, 1980), Nilipour Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (NOCI; Nilipour, 2000) and Ontario Child Health Scale (Boyle et al., 1993). Based on the highest scores in MOCI and NOCI scores and on DSM-IV diagnostic interviews, thirty two mothers were randomly assigned to an experimental and witness groups equally. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90-minute CBT. The witness group received none. MANCOVA revealed significantly lower mean scores in symptoms of OCD (p=0.00) among mothers after receiving treatment. Inspite of, Mothers’ obsession and children’s anxiety were correlated, the treatment of mothers did not improve children’s level of anxiety. A follow-up test conducted a month later did not reveal a change in maternal OCD scores and child anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - Development of human and non-human agent concepts based on the theory of mind:a study of false belief attribution to human .god,angel and magician
Roshanak Nickpour Bahram JoukarThis study aimed to investigate the development of human and non-human agent concepts based on the theory of mind in children. The sample consisted of 150 children (79 females, 71 males) between the ages of 3 and 7 who were selected from Shiraz child-care centres and ki MoreThis study aimed to investigate the development of human and non-human agent concepts based on the theory of mind in children. The sample consisted of 150 children (79 females, 71 males) between the ages of 3 and 7 who were selected from Shiraz child-care centres and kindergartens. Two Tasks of False Beliefs (Doll House Task; Surprising Content Task) were administered individually to each child. The prediction of agents' behaviors was examined based on false beliefs. Results indicated that children predicted the behavior of magician (a non-human agent) similar to human agent. However, the results of other non-human agentsangel and God) were not consistent with those of Magician. In other words, according to children's views, these agents behave with the least false beliefs. In general, the results indicated that as the age increased, children predicted agent and non-agent behaviors in different ways. It is suggested that culture and family messages have considerable roles in predicting and distinguishing agents' behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - ,-%
Farideh Torabi MilaniThe purpose of this research was to assess self-help skills development in children aged 1-5 in Tehran’s preschools. 169 children from six preschools were randomly chosen from different districts and their 4 self-help skills of eating, dressing, personal hygiene a MoreThe purpose of this research was to assess self-help skills development in children aged 1-5 in Tehran’s preschools. 169 children from six preschools were randomly chosen from different districts and their 4 self-help skills of eating, dressing, personal hygiene and toileting were observed and evaluated by the Self-Help Skills Developmental Chart (Akers Sedjo, 1992). Results indicated that the distribution of children's scores in all age groups was normal, but on average these children did not meet the desired criterion. Findings were discussed in terms of the necessity of teaching parents and instructors about self-help skills development in children and the importance of early intervention programs in providing the opportunity to acquire primarily skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - Effectiveness of Respectful Listening to Children Package on Mothers’ Psychological Well-Being
Nazanin Abed Shahla Pakdaman MohammadAli Mazaheri Mahmood Heidarithis study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Respectful Listening to Children package on promoting mothers’ psychological well-being. Forty two mother- child dyads were selected by available sampling method from a preschool setting in Tehran. The lack of psych Morethis study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Respectful Listening to Children package on promoting mothers’ psychological well-being. Forty two mother- child dyads were selected by available sampling method from a preschool setting in Tehran. The lack of psychological and behavioral disorders were examined in the participants: The children completed the CBCL (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) and the mothers completed the GHQ (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979).The participants were randomly assigned into either the experimental or control group. The mothers in both groups completed the Warwick- Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (2008) at three stages of pre-test, post-test ,and two-month follow up. The mothers in the experimental group received the respectful listening to children package. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance with mixed procedure (between groups and within groups). The results indicated that in pre-test stage scores of psychological well-being in the two groups were not so different whereas in post-test stage scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the control group, and the differences maintained after two month follow up. The findings suggested that interventions based on mother-child relationship, especially effective listening to children, may be used in promoting mothers’ psychological well-being, and in preventing future problems in children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - the effectiveness of expressive art group therapy on interactive self-efficacy of foster children
Shiva ZarezadehKheibari Parvin Rafienia S. Mohsen Asgharinekahthe purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of expressive art group therapy on interactional selfefficacy of foster children. The research design was quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest control group). The sample consisted of 28 primary school par Morethe purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of expressive art group therapy on interactional selfefficacy of foster children. The research design was quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest control group). The sample consisted of 28 primary school parentless and mal-treated girls living in special centers for these children in the city of Mashhad using convenience sampling. The participants were assigned randomly into either experimental or control group. The participants completed the Children's Self-Efficacy for Peer Interaction Scale (Wheeler & Ladd, 1982) before intervention and one week after. The experimental group received expressive art group therapy for ten sessions (two 90 minutes sessions per week). The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that children of experimental group had better social self-efficacy in conflict situations and non-conflict situations than children of control group. The findings suggest that the expressive art group therapy may be contributed to the increase of self-efficacy in foster children Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - Validation and reliability of the wechsler intelligence scale for children-IV
Ahmad Sadeghi Mohammad Rabiee Mohammad Reza AbediThis study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) among students between the ages of 6 and 16 from Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari State. In order to examine the validity of WISC-IV, the Rave MoreThis study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) among students between the ages of 6 and 16 from Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari State. In order to examine the validity of WISC-IV, the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) (Raven, 1938) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R; 1974) were used. The validity results indicated significant correlations among WISC-IV, SPM, and WISC-R in related sections. The scale reliability was examined using test – retest and split-half methods. The split-half reliability coefficients of all subscales were adequate to very good. The test-retest reliability coefficients showed that all subscales except picture concepts were adequate to very good too. In addition of assessing IQ of individuals between the ages of 6 and 16, this scale can be used for diagnosing learning disorder, attention deficit disorder, brain injury, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - The Relationship between Dimensions of Mother's Attachment and Mother's Reflective Functioning with Preschool Aggression: The Mediating Role of Child Abuse Potential
Fateme Talebian Sharif seyed Amir Aminyazdi Maryam BordbarThis study aimed to investigate the mediating role of child abuse potential in the relationship between dimensions of mother’s attachment and mother’s reflective functioning with preschool aggression. This study examined the relationships of the variables as MoreThis study aimed to investigate the mediating role of child abuse potential in the relationship between dimensions of mother’s attachment and mother’s reflective functioning with preschool aggression. This study examined the relationships of the variables as correlation research by path analysis method. The statistical population of the research included mothers with preschool children (4 to 6 years) in Mashhad. For this purpose, 337 mothers were selected through convenient sampling and were asked to fill the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (Luyten, Mayes, Nijssens & Fonagy, 2017), the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins,1996), the Brief Child Abuse Potential Inventory (Ondersma, Chaffin, Mullins & LeBreton, 2005) and the parent form of Preschool Aggression Scale (Vahedi, Fathiazar, Hosseini nasab & Moghadam, 2008) which were available online. The results of the path analysis, which confirmed the model fit, showed that attachment anx- iety has indirect effects on aggression through the path of pre-mentalization-child abuse potential. The indirect effects of attachment anxiety on preschool aggression through the certainty about mental states and curiosity in the mental states were also significant. Also, the only indirect effect of attachment avoidance on aggression was through child abuse potential. The research findings indicate the role of attachment and reflective functioning in identifying potentials related to mothers’ abuse potential and preschool aggression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - A Psychometric Analysis of the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale
Sara Salavati Omid ShokriThe present study aimed to test psychometric properties of the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC-Y; McDonald &Grych, 2006) among students between the ages of 9 and 11. One hundred and sixty two elementary school students (104 bo MoreThe present study aimed to test psychometric properties of the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC-Y; McDonald &Grych, 2006) among students between the ages of 9 and 11. One hundred and sixty two elementary school students (104 boys, 54 girls) completed the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory for Youth (BDI-Y; Beck, Beck, Jolly & Steer, 2005). The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to investigate the CPIC-Y factorial validity and internal consistency, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported three-factor structure of conflict properties, threat, and self-blame. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that multidimensional structure of CPIC-Y was an acceptable measurement model. The significant positive correlations of all three CPIC-Y scales with depression provided support for the CPIC-Y convergent validity. Internal consistencies of the CPIC-Y scales were good. The findings suggested that CPIC-Y was an appropriate measure for assessing specific dimensions of interparental conflict in a sample of Iranian children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - Psychometric Properties of the Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Functions (BRIEF-P) among Preschool Children
Aliakbar Ebrahimi Ahmad Abedi Ahmad Yarmohammadian Salar Faramarzi More The present study aimed to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P) (Parent’s Form) among Iranian children. Five hundred and ninety two children ages between 2 and 5 years were selected from preschool centers of the City of Isfahan in 2014 academic year using cluster random sampling method. The children’s parents completed the BRIEF-P. To assess the reliability and internal consistency of the inventory, the correlation coefficient among items with the total score of factors, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, and the correlation coefficient among the subscales were used. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed embedding items and the five-factor structure of the inventory including inhibition, shift, emotional control, working memory, and planning. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was in satisfactory level for each factor and the total score of the inventory. The findings suggest that the BRIEF-P is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing executive functions of Iranian preschoolers and can be used as a suitable instrument in psychological research and clinical situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
425 - Molecular identification of avian infectious bronchitis virus serotypes of broiler chicken in Gilan province
Leila AsadpourBackground & Objectives: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the prototype of the family Coronaviridae, which is the causative agent of infectious bronchitis (IB). This disease is highly contagious, which causes massive damages to the poultry industry. This study a MoreBackground & Objectives: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the prototype of the family Coronaviridae, which is the causative agent of infectious bronchitis (IB). This disease is highly contagious, which causes massive damages to the poultry industry. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IBV serotypes of broiler chicken in Gilan Province. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on trachea and lung tissue samples collected from 50 broiler chicken flocks in Gilan province. First, the IBV positive samples were identified by RT-PCR. Thereafter, The serotypes of these isolates was determined by Nested-PCR reaction specified for Massachusetts and B/793 serotypes. Results: Overall 32 out of 50 (64%) poultry chicken flocks were infected to IBV. Specific nested PCR on IBV positive RT-PCR products revealed that 10 (31.25%) of IBV positive samples were infected by 793/B type and 22 (68.75) were identified as Massachusetts type. Conclusion: Massachusetts type vaccines such as H120 are only partially effective against other serotypes of virus. Because of the presence of 793/B type of virus in Gilan poultry farms, the addition of this strain in combination with Massachusetts strain seems necessary to stimulate better protective immunity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - The criminal response of the Iranian and Egyptian judiciary to juvenile delinquency in the critical adaptation plant
Atefeh Ehsani zadeh hasan bavi mohamad rezazadehBackground and Aim: One of the most important areas in criminal justice of countries is criminal policy in determining the type, rate and how to enforce criminal reactions to the delinquency of children and adolescents, regardless of age or gender segregatio.This proble MoreBackground and Aim: One of the most important areas in criminal justice of countries is criminal policy in determining the type, rate and how to enforce criminal reactions to the delinquency of children and adolescents, regardless of age or gender segregatio.This problem is to observe the observanceof gender and age, especially in Islamic countries. Since the two countries of Iran and Egypt are the two Islamic countries with the legal regimes of the Shari'a and are on the other hand, they are coordinated with customary criteria tailored to the presence of and international documents and regulations.Some criminal laws clearly cause the failure of criminal justice in this Two countries.Therefore, the aim of this study was to explain the sharing points and differentiation of the legal systems of the Egyptian orbit, based on the late jurisprudence of religious religions and the legal system of the Shari'a of Iran, based on Shiite jurisprudence. In the present study,we investigated four issues.The age of the criminal responsibility of children and adolescents, the effect of sexuality on the type, rate and criminal responsibility and the difference in criminal reactions based on the age and genderof adolescent and young people, and ultimately,how are the relevant sentences.Method:This research has been done with an analytical descriptive approach.Findings and Results:The findings of the research show that the judicial justice system of customary organizations and compliance with international regulations and coordination with them, as well as adoption of scientific and cognitive and criminal approaches of religious teachings in Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - Challenges and obstacles of criminalization and punishment of crimes that violate humanitarian rights
seyed milad javaheri abbs shekholeslami jafar kushaField and Aims: Humanitarian law is a set of international customary rules that govern the behavior of hostile forces in armed conflicts and has somehow replaced the concept of the law of war. Observance of humanitarian rights regardless of color, race, language and rel MoreField and Aims: Humanitarian law is a set of international customary rules that govern the behavior of hostile forces in armed conflicts and has somehow replaced the concept of the law of war. Observance of humanitarian rights regardless of color, race, language and religion, on the one hand, makes this branch of law have the nature of human rights And on the other hand, by concluding various conventions, it will have the nature of international law. The aim of the current research is to investigate the challenges and obstacles of criminalization and punishment of crimes that violate humanitarian rights in the territory of Iran's criminal system.Method: The present research was done with descriptive and analytical method and using library resources.Finding and Conclusion: The findings of the research indicate that in the process of legal unification of domestic and international systems, some challenges in the field of criminalization of crimes that violate humanitarian rights and criminal responses in external and internal dimensions and in legislative axes. , judicial and executive available. The challenges are mainly rooted in political, fundamental, ideological, legal and structural dimensions that sometimes conflict with each other and make the process of integrating international rules into the domestic legal system difficult. Statistics of crimes and compilation of humanitarian criminal laws, compilation of special laws to protect women and children during peace and war and compilation of appropriate and fair criminal responses by using dynamic inference in Shia jurisprudence, together with considering the rule of sanctity and rejection of religion and Also, reforming the judicial structures is one of the basic solutions to overcome the challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - Protection of natural children in Iranian law and international Instruments
Maryam Saadatdourabi Seyedasgari Hoseinimoghadam Ahmad EsfandiariField and Aims: A natural child is a child born out of wedlock who is deprived of inheritance and some social rights. Discrimination between legal children and natural children conflicts with the principle of equality of people mentioned in principles 19 and 20 of the c MoreField and Aims: A natural child is a child born out of wedlock who is deprived of inheritance and some social rights. Discrimination between legal children and natural children conflicts with the principle of equality of people mentioned in principles 19 and 20 of the constitution. The equality of all people is stated in international documents, and according to the documents to which Iran has joined, it is committed to eliminate any discrimination. When comparing Iran with some western countries, critics believe that natural children have less rights than other people. However, in Iran, the number of people who are legally considered adulterous and natural children is very small, and practically no one This cause is not deprived of its rights. Method: This article is written in an analytical-descriptive way. Finding and Conclusion: It seem that the natural child did not benefit from all the rights compared to ordinary people, and this deprivation is more serious in inheritance. Secondly, according to Article 1167 of the Civil Code, the child of adultery does not join the wife, therefore, illegitimate children are distinguished from legitimate children in some personal rights. But with regard to other rights, a specific range should be determined for these rights by inductive method in scattered domestic and international regulations. In international documents, there is no difference between legitimate and illegitimate children in terms of human rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - Iran's Challenges on the rights of child labor according to the international law
Mojdeh Pourmohammad Golzari Nobar Behshid Arfania Maryam Afshari Mostafa Taghizadeh AnsariField and Aims: Children's rights are considered as special examples of human rights, so ignoring this issue leads to violation of human rights from the international aspect and also has irreparable consequences inside the country. Eliminating child labor is not possibl MoreField and Aims: Children's rights are considered as special examples of human rights, so ignoring this issue leads to violation of human rights from the international aspect and also has irreparable consequences inside the country. Eliminating child labor is not possible except with the union of relevant institutions, the guarantee of effective and continuous legal implementation along with the unification of legal rules.Method: This is a qualitative and applied research in terms of purpose, and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and studying international documents, sources related to the subject and the obtained information has been analyzed descriptively-analytically method to examine the challenges of child labor in Iran with a view on international law. Findings and results: The lack of coordination of the responsible institutions and insufficient budget, along with the economic recession caused by Covid-19 and its effects, are among the most important reasons for child labor not being solved in the country. Ambiguity and contradictions in domestic laws by joining international treaties have made this problem more complicated.The approval of the Law on the Protection of Children and Adolescent Rights in 2019 in Iran has been a positive step for coordination with international laws, but in this law, without changing the age of the child in the previous definitions, people under the 18 are protected in specified cases. Therefore, in cases outside the scope of this law, children do not receive the necessary support. Continued reform of laws is necessary for comprehensive protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - William Chittick's Epistemological Studies In Mystical literature
Massoumeh Naghdebishi Mohammad Taghi Faali hadi vakili The epistemological study of the propositions of mystical literature such as Rumi and Ibn Arabi’s Sufism as William Chittick understood, has been considered in this paper. "Research" and "imitation" are two cognitive strategies that have left their effect in More The epistemological study of the propositions of mystical literature such as Rumi and Ibn Arabi’s Sufism as William Chittick understood, has been considered in this paper. "Research" and "imitation" are two cognitive strategies that have left their effect in earlier and later texts and have also been discussed in contemporary epistemology. The field is influenced by these two intellectual and narrative sciences, which have attracted the attention of scholars like William Chittick, and each one has its own appropriate method. This descriptive-analytical report shows that Chittick, in a paradoxical way, justifies the imitation in all the cognitions he acquires and the most rational stream of imitation, which is obedience to God. He tries to use the Islamic literary and mystical heritage to revive the intellectual tradition, and as a critique of modern epistemology, he points to the lack of cognition and existence, from Rumi’s view which is trapped in imitation and in the teachings of Ibn Arabi also make imitation an inevitable issue in the process of cognition and considering only God and open the way for creative thinking and reasoning. Although Chittick's opinions can be criticized in this regard as well as in the criticism of modernity, and some of them have been discussed in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - Philosophy for Children: the Growth of Analytical Thinking
مهران فرج الهی سیده مریم مصطفویThe present article tries to analyze a new approach to education and its related issues especially educating analytical thinking to children and adolescents which is included in the field of philosophical education for children. Improving the level of thinking is one of MoreThe present article tries to analyze a new approach to education and its related issues especially educating analytical thinking to children and adolescents which is included in the field of philosophical education for children. Improving the level of thinking is one of the most important issues in education inasmuch as one could properly distinguish between right and wrong and be able to think about what happens around his/her environment and analyze them correctly. This article firstly explains the reason why we choose "analytical thinking" rather than "critical thinking" and then mentions the elements of analytical thinking. Appling these elements (principles) could lead to an educational environment for cultivating analytical thinking that finally help children and adolescents to develop their power of thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Political Economy of China's New Silk Road And Iran's Interdependence
sepideh mohammadi mokhtar SalehiThe New Silk Road Initiative, as a China's development model and project, has absorbed and involved many countries and governmental and non-governmental organizations across the world to cooperate with that. This project intends to expand the cooperation between the con MoreThe New Silk Road Initiative, as a China's development model and project, has absorbed and involved many countries and governmental and non-governmental organizations across the world to cooperate with that. This project intends to expand the cooperation between the continents and creates the necessary infrastructure of the regional and global cooperation based on economic, political and cultural dimensions. Iran could have an important role in this project because of its geo-strategic and geo-economic position. The main question of this research is that what effects does this strategy have on Iran's development and its relation with china? Hypothetically, it seems that due to the Iran's look to the east and its economic and political prospects, the relation of both countries is going to be expanded towards Interdependence although it is predicted that this cooperation might be asymmetrical in favor of china's grand strategy. The viewpoint of this Paper is Based on Interdependence theory. Methodically, the research design is descriptive and analytical. According to the research findings, in the absence of an appropriate strategy in the way Iran cooperates with China, the nature of this plan may change from the level of symmetric interdependence to asymmetric interdependence in the interests of China. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - The Themes Network Of Iranians' Attitudes Toward China's New Silk Road: A Case Study of the Comprehensive Iran-China Cooperation Program
Reza Azizi امیر محمد Haji-YousefiThe Themes Network of Iranians' Attitudes Toward China's New Silk Road is the subject of this study, Which was studied from the perspective of published analyzes of the 25-year comprehensive informal cooperation plan between Iran and China in the Iranian political space MoreThe Themes Network of Iranians' Attitudes Toward China's New Silk Road is the subject of this study, Which was studied from the perspective of published analyzes of the 25-year comprehensive informal cooperation plan between Iran and China in the Iranian political space from early July 2020 to late September 2020. The statistical population of this study was all Internet sources related to this issue in Iran. After reviewing the sources extracted from the database, data consisting of notes, interviews and conversations, as well as analysis related to the Iranian media, 60 sources were considered as samples. The reliability of the results was 0/901 using the Holstie method. In this article, by studying this program and using the method of thematic analysis and the process of doing it manually and using Nvivo software, the themes of the Iranian view of China's New Silk Road have been discovered and drawn. The results of this study show that Iran's view of China's New Silk Road can be divided into two global and completely contradictory themes: the global theme of "Eastern interdependence" with 16 basic themes and three organizing themes and the global theme of "Eastern dependence" With 16 basic themes and five organizing themes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - The legitimacy of the Nine-Dash line of the 2009 China Declaration in the South China Sea
seyed fakhrodin mokhtari mohammad ali solhchi mansour pournouriAbstract:China issued a map to the UN Secretary-General announced the drawing of a Nine Dash Line in the South China Sea, In 2009. This Nine-Dash Line cover's all the main islands of the South China Sea. Also, the method of delimitation with this Nine-Dash Line is such MoreAbstract:China issued a map to the UN Secretary-General announced the drawing of a Nine Dash Line in the South China Sea, In 2009. This Nine-Dash Line cover's all the main islands of the South China Sea. Also, the method of delimitation with this Nine-Dash Line is such that it interferes with the Exclusive Economic Zones and the Continental Shelf of other neighbors. This way of drawing lines was not reformed even with China's accession to the Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982). The Philippines as the most affected and protesting country, Claims incompatibility of China's Nine-Dash Line with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) and considered all Chinese actions contrary to its obligations under this convention. According to this Convention and aimed at resolving disputes, The Philippines submitted its bill and petition to the Arbitral Tribunal pursuant to Annex 7 of the Convention. The summary conclusion of this study is that although the delimitation of borders, including maritime borders, is unilaterally practical in principle, a country cannot introduce itself as a coastal country outside the scope of international law and in areas that overlap with other coastal countries, to draw border lines unilaterally, and it is assumed that the Nine-Dash line drawn by China has no legitimate justification. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and relying on library resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - Feasibility of realizing the goals of the 25-year Cooperation Document between Iran and China
Mahdi Torabi Alireza Soltani Seyed Ali Tabatabaeepanah Hamid Reza ShirzadIran and China as two important and influential countries in the international system, have common interests and goals to expand cooperation in various fields. China's various capabilities, especially in the political and economic fields, have made this country an impor MoreIran and China as two important and influential countries in the international system, have common interests and goals to expand cooperation in various fields. China's various capabilities, especially in the political and economic fields, have made this country an important activist in the field of international politics.The signing of the 25-year comprehensive cooperation document between Iran and China in April 2021 has been met with a lot of positive and negative opinions. Considering the recent regional developments, the China-US dispute, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the acceptance of Iran's official membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the effects and consequences of the spread of the Corona virus and the changes in global value chains and the direction of investments, the power structure in the system. The international community will most likely change in the next few years, and in this regard, adopting a suitable strategy in relations with China is one of the most important goals and priorities of Iran's foreign policy.In fact, in the era of complex interdependence, China has a high capacity and ability to strengthen the current development process in Iran, and therefore, in the upcoming article, we are seeking to find out the fields and requirements of achieving the goals of the comprehensive document of 25 years of cooperation between Iran and China from a political and economic point of view, executive and development-oriented within the framework of the theory of complex interdependence to investigate and feasibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - Analyzing the consequences of the evolution of the concept of security on China's foreign policy strategy in relation to the Islamic Republic of Iran
mahdi salami mashallah heidarpourThe evolution of the concept of security after the collapse of the bipolar system in international relations has left a wide impact on the whole of China's foreign policy towards other countries. Based on this, it is necessary to conduct research in the field of an MoreThe evolution of the concept of security after the collapse of the bipolar system in international relations has left a wide impact on the whole of China's foreign policy towards other countries. Based on this, it is necessary to conduct research in the field of analyzing the consequences of the evolution of the concept of security on China's foreign policy strategy in against the countries of the Persian Gulf region and especially Iran. The main goal of this research is to answer the question that what effects did the evolution of the concept of security have on China's foreign policy approach towards the Islamic Republic of Iran? The transition from one-dimensional military security to sustainable multi-dimensional security has caused China to pay attention to many dimensions of security such as economic, political, cultural, energy, military and defense security of this country in relation to the Islamic Republic of Iran and foreign policy. China has undergone extensive changes and transformations in relation to Iran, and the text of this article deals with the research of its influential components. The data collection of this article is based on the library method and the use of documents and sources. It is virtual and the research method of this research is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - Transition to Hybrid Balancing in China’s Foreign Policy toward the United States
Abdolmajid SeifiChina is the most important great power that has posed a fundamental challenge to the position of the United States in the post-Cold War era. China's significant economic growth and becoming the second largest economy in the world, significant progress in the mili MoreChina is the most important great power that has posed a fundamental challenge to the position of the United States in the post-Cold War era. China's significant economic growth and becoming the second largest economy in the world, significant progress in the military and space fields, and the expansion of influence in different regions of the world have strengthened the prospect of expanding this challenge. In the base of grand strategy of offshore balancing, on the one hand, the United States has been trying to buck pass part of the responsibility of containing China to the states that have the desire and ability to contain China, and on the other hand, it is doing straight balancing. Straight balancing of the United States is in the form of a hybrid war. The complexity and multidimensionality of the US approach in this hybrid war has caused China's response to this war to have multiple dimensions, which can be elaborated as a hybrid balancing approach. From this point of view, the main question of this research is that what is China's strategy to deal with the hybrid war of the United States? In response, the present article claims that China's response to the United States' hybrid war is based on hybrid balancing, which takes place in the three dimensions of political, economic, and informational balancing. The present research was done by using descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - China's New Silk Road Initiative (Aims, obstacles and challenges)
Bahram Amirahmadiyan Roohollah Salehi DolatabadAbstract Today, Asia as a continent is faced with new developments and plans in order to meet the goals of different actors in different regions of the continent. China is one of the emerging players who plan to become a global power, has proposed the revival of the Sil MoreAbstract Today, Asia as a continent is faced with new developments and plans in order to meet the goals of different actors in different regions of the continent. China is one of the emerging players who plan to become a global power, has proposed the revival of the Silk Road initiative. Silk Road is one of China's foreign policy initiatives for expanding their influence to other areas. The plan, which almost covers an area of 4.4 billion people 65% of the world's population and 21 trillion of global GDP in total. The initiative was announced by President of China in September 2013 and the two economic belt “New Silk Road" (One road and one belt) and "Marine silk road" has been formed. Effort and dedication of China to promote such huge projects apart from the economic and political consequences could be serious for the country in the lead, also could be the formation of China's ambitious new foreign policy to expand more and trying to play a regional role. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - The effectiveness of the spirituality and life satisfaction educational package on the happiness of the families of exceptional children
Khaled Rashtiyani Maryam Akbari Hamzeh Ahmadiyan Yahya YarahmadiIntroduction: The presence of an exceptional child in any family affects its structure so that spirituality can play an important role in the life process of the parents of these children. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of MoreIntroduction: The presence of an exceptional child in any family affects its structure so that spirituality can play an important role in the life process of the parents of these children. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of spirituality and life satisfaction on the happiness of families of exceptional children. Methodology: The research method in this study is a pre-post-test pseudo-experimental design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all families with identified exceptional children in Sanandaj city, 80 of them were selected in two groups of 40 people, experimental and control, with a targeted method. Spirituality training was conducted on the experimental group in 12 sessions of 45 minutes. The research data was collected through the standard happiness questionnaire (OHI) Oxford (1989). The reliability of the test was also calculated through Cronbach's alpha of 0.86. To analyze the statistical data, descriptive statistics indices, including mean and standard deviation, and one-way covariance analysis were used in the inferential statistics section. Findings: Quantitative data shows a significant difference between the results of the two groups. Considering the potential that families with exceptional children have, teaching spirituality and life satisfaction has a significant effect on their happiness (p = 0.05).Conclusion: Teaching spirituality and life satisfaction to the families of exceptional children can provide an opportunity to increase happiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - Determining the contribution of psychological factors in the process of facilitating the bereavement of parents with a child with cancer: mixed research
Saeideh Eslahkar Shahram Vaziri Farah Lotfi KashaniIntroduction: The death of a child due to cancer can be considered one of the most difficult events in life with obvious effects on the physical and psychological dimensions of parents. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of psychological factors tha MoreIntroduction: The death of a child due to cancer can be considered one of the most difficult events in life with obvious effects on the physical and psychological dimensions of parents. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of psychological factors that facilitate the bereavement process in parents of children with cancer. Method: The present study was a mixed research. The desired community was formed by mothers whose children had died due to cancer. From this community, 54 people were selected and interviewed as a sample. Findings: The results of the research showed that the variables of self-efficacy, non-emotional coping, meaning-focused coping strategies, quality of interpersonal relationships, personality traits (toughness), emotional coping and physical symptoms facilitate the bereavement process in parents who lost their child. They have lost with cancer, they are effective. Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, self-efficacy variables, non-emotional coping, meaning-focused coping strategies, quality of interpersonal relationships, personality traits (toughness), emotional coping, and physical symptoms can be used to facilitate the bereavement process. Used by parents who have lost their child to cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - A study on Comparing the Emotional Regulation and Self Efficacy in Labor and Normal Children
Simin Kermanian Mahdieh Salehi Alireza MollazadehThe purpose of this study is to determine the amount of emotional regulation and self-efficacy between labor and normal children. The research method was descriptive and post event. The statistical population included the total number of labor children aged 12 -18 years MoreThe purpose of this study is to determine the amount of emotional regulation and self-efficacy between labor and normal children. The research method was descriptive and post event. The statistical population included the total number of labor children aged 12 -18 years in Tehran – Shousha region in 2019. Using available sampling method, 100 children (50 labor and 50 normal children) were selected. The research tools included the emotion regulation questionnaire (Gross and John, 2003) and the self-efficacy questionnaire for children (Murris, 2002). The acquired data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and one – way variance. For data analysis, the statistical software of SPSS version 26 was utilized. The significance level was estimated as 0.05. The results demonstrate that the working children had lower scores than normal children in regulating emotion with its various dimensions (emotional inhibition and cognitive reassessment) and had lower scores in self – efficacy with its various dimensions (educational, social and emotional) and the difference between the two groups was significant. (P< 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - A comparative study of executive laws related to educational support for exceptional children and adolescents in Iran and the international organization UNICEF
Abdulrahim Tajuddin Mansure Shahriari Ahmadi Gholamali Afrooz Hasan Pasha sharifiThe purpose of this study was to compare the executive laws related to educational support for exceptional children and adolescents in Iran and the international organization UNICEF. The research method was qualitative and comparative. The research sample included the d MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the executive laws related to educational support for exceptional children and adolescents in Iran and the international organization UNICEF. The research method was qualitative and comparative. The research sample included the documents and annual reports available in the welfare organization from 2010 to 2019, which were selected through available and targeted sampling, and in the international dimension, UNICEF's annual reports on educational support for exceptional children and adolescents in 2011. Reviewed by 2020. Some quantitative research data were analyzed using descriptive methods and content analysis was done in the document matching section. According to the findings, the number of exceptional children and teenagers who are covered by welfare has been increasing in recent years. The coefficient of correlation between the opinion of the families of exceptional children and adolescents and the welfare officials about the quantity and quality of educational support showed that the opinion of the families and the officials are aligned. According to the research conducted by UNICEF in 51 developing countries, 42% of girls and 51% of boys of exceptional and disabled children (average about 47%) managed to go to primary school, while in Iran this average reaches 62.5%. Therefore, it can be concluded that education support in Iran is in a better situation than the UNICEF reports of developing countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
443 - Optimal Short-Term Scheduling of Multi-Chiller Plants Considering Energy Requirement of Cooling Towers, Pumps and Chillers
Farkhondeh Jabari Behnam Mohammadi M.R. Bannae Sharifian Hadi Ghaebi -
Open Access Article
444 - Optimal Path Diagnosis by Genetic Algorithm for NoCs
Setareh Shafaghi Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan -
Open Access Article
445 - Sociological study of quality of marital life with demographic factors
Fatemeh Rashid Shahla kazemipoursabat Hossein Aghajani marsaThe purpose of this study is Measuring the relationship between the quality of marital life with demographic factors. This research is based on the descriptive-correlation nature. The statistical population contains all married women between the ages of 15 and 65 MoreThe purpose of this study is Measuring the relationship between the quality of marital life with demographic factors. This research is based on the descriptive-correlation nature. The statistical population contains all married women between the ages of 15 and 65 years living in Karaj, according to the Cochran formula, the sample size is 465 people. The sample was determined by cluster sampling and then by simple random sampling. In theoretical foundations, theories of quality of life, Parsons, Safi, homogeneous, and the like are used. Finally, theoretical model of the research is designed. This research was conducted using a survey method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire . Reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha for all dimensions of the questionnaire above 0.7, which is acceptable. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics and analyzed using SPSS software. The result of the hypothesis with related tests shows that there is a significant relationship between quality of life and age, marriage age, age interval with spouse, duration of marriage, number of children, fertility age. According to regression and path analysis, the most and the strongest influence on the quality of marital life can be directly related to the direct effect of the variables of the marriage period (0.772), the age difference with the spouse (0.381), the marriage age (0.440). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - Children's Social Participation in the Qualitative Model of Group Cultural and Educational Space Design, Solutions, and Challenges
Anahita Eskandari Fahimeh Motazedian Ahmad Mirza kouchak khoshnevisEducation and educational environments wield immense influence over societal mentality and civilization, notably through cultural and social lenses. Fostering a dynamic, creative education nurtures children's intellectual, social, cultural, and creative growth. Cru MoreEducation and educational environments wield immense influence over societal mentality and civilization, notably through cultural and social lenses. Fostering a dynamic, creative education nurtures children's intellectual, social, cultural, and creative growth. Crucially, reforming educational structures necessitates the meticulous design of spaces intricately linked to students' activities, finely attuned to optimize the holistic growth—physical, mental, emotional, and social—of children. This research endeavors to introduce a comprehensive model for the design of group educational spaces, emphasizing the active participation of preschool children throughout the design process. Employing a nuanced amalgamation of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, the study underscored the pivotal role of architectural education, revealing starkly divergent outcomes between control and test groups. Physical elements, such as the interplay of color schemes, spatial configurations, and the predilection for well-illuminated, open spaces adorned with natural light and transparent architectural elements, emerged prominently. Additionally, the study unveiled the paramount importance of fostering spaces conducive to peer dialogue, artistic expression, comfort-enhancing large cushions, personalized areas, circular tables, and verdant, green surroundings. These insights pave the way for shaping educational spaces to meet children's needs, fostering an enriched and inclusive learning environment through their active involvement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - Comparative study of the criminal liability of children and adolescents in the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1995 and 2011
Alireza Mohammadbeyki Habib Asady Navid AlhoeiBy examining the laws related to children and adolescents, it can be seen that regarding the age of criminal responsibility of children and adolescents as well as the procedure for the crimes of this category of people, the criminal laws of Iran have undergone changes a MoreBy examining the laws related to children and adolescents, it can be seen that regarding the age of criminal responsibility of children and adolescents as well as the procedure for the crimes of this category of people, the criminal laws of Iran have undergone changes and many regulations have been approved in this field. In Iran, according to Article 147 Approved in 1392 and the note of Article 1210 BC. The age of criminal responsibility is 9 full lunar years for girls and 15 full lunar years for boys. In the analysis of the old and new laws, we will see that unlike the old laws, the new law includes 3 types of age for children and adolescents: 1- Age of no criminal responsibility (minors): people under this age have no responsibility and in case of committing a crime They have no criminal liability. (Article 146 Q.M.A. approved 1392) The reduced age of criminal responsibility is that children between 9 and 15 years old are not punished but are subject to protective and educational measures and are divided into two categories. Children 9 to 12 years old (non-juvenile minors) Children 12 to 15 years old (juvenile minors) are the criminal age of majority, based on which if people under this age commit a crime, according to the laws and regulations related to juvenile proceedings Their crimes are dealt with, as the legal age of majority in Iran is 18 years. People who commit a crime between the ages of 15 and 18 are kept in a correctional center. In the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2012, there is no criminal responsibility for minors, and for people who have recently reached the age of puberty, the criminal responsibility is equal to Adult people have been accepted. The present study Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
448 - Coincident and common fixed point theorems using comparison and admissible function in w-distance metric space
S. Arora M. Masta -
Open Access Article
449 - Civil liability of parents and guardians due to violation of the right to education of children and adolescents
Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Karimpour AlehashemAbstract The purpose of this work is to investigate the civil liability of parents and guardians of children and adolescents for the violation of their right to education. The government is obligated to provide the means to exercise the right to education, the subject o MoreAbstract The purpose of this work is to investigate the civil liability of parents and guardians of children and adolescents for the violation of their right to education. The government is obligated to provide the means to exercise the right to education, the subject of this obligation is also a sovereign act, so in this case, the responsibility of the government cannot be ascertained in domestic law; Second: Government employees, if they are legally supervisors, will be civilly responsible according to general regulations; Thirdly: Parents, as well as legal and practical guardians, in case of violation of the right to education of children and adolescents, will be held civilly responsible for the material and spiritual damages caused to them, if they are found guilty. Civil liability resulting from damage to third parties as a result of violation of the right to education is out of the scope of the discussion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - The Effect of Computer Educational Software on Life Skills in Preschool Children
M. M. Pouralibaba H. H. ShahrakipourAbstract The role of technology and educational software in improving the quality of education and learning as key activities in education has been largely considered. Due to the importance of technology and educational software in learning processes, MoreAbstract The role of technology and educational software in improving the quality of education and learning as key activities in education has been largely considered. Due to the importance of technology and educational software in learning processes, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of using computer educational software on life skills in preschool children. The method of the present study is causal-comparative and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study included preschool students in District five of Tehran in the year 1400. The statistical sample was recruited by non-probability method (available sampling). The individals were organized into two groups: a) those with experience in using computer educational software, and b) those without any experience in using computer educational software. The life skills questionnaire in children was utilized as the data collection instrument. The research data were analyzed using independent t-test by using SPSS version 22. The findings of this study showed that life skills among students with experience of using computer educational software were higher in comparison with students who had no experience of using computer educational software. It can be argued that computer educational software has a significant effect on life skills in preschool children. The results showed the effectiveness of computer educational software on life skills in preschool children, so schools and preschools can use appropriate educational software programs in order to enhance life skills among children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
451 - Action Research: How Can I Enhance Academic Performance of Children with Attention-Concentration Disorder (Sluggish) by Using Handicrafts
Soudabeh Azedolmolki , Seyedeh Fatememh BarikaniThe purpose of the present study was to see how we can enhance academic performance of children with attention-concentration disorder (sluggish) by using handiwork. The sluggish students of interest were studying at an elementary school in District 5 of Tehran. Followin MoreThe purpose of the present study was to see how we can enhance academic performance of children with attention-concentration disorder (sluggish) by using handiwork. The sluggish students of interest were studying at an elementary school in District 5 of Tehran. Following Morgan’s Table, a total of 300 of the students were recruited to form the sample. Thirty of them were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (n= 15) and control (n= 15). Instruments of data collection consisted of Fam and Taylor’s students’ academic performance questionnaire, Swanson et al.’s (1980) attention-concentration disorder questionnaire, and handiwork application assessment scale. Inferential statistics including Pearson correlation were utilized to analyze the data. Findings demonstrate that attention-concentration disorder has a negative relationship with students’ academic performance. Also, using handicrafts showed a positive relationship with sluggish students’ academic performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
452 - Study of effects of sowing date, row spacing and zinc and nitrogen fertilizers on rainfed chickpea in Gonbad
Mohammad salahifarahi Mohammadreza Dadashi Hossein AjamnooroziAbstract:In order to evaluate the effect of sowing date, row spacing, foliar application of nitrogen and Zinc on yield and yield components of chickpea cv. Arman, a factorial experiment was carried arranged in an RCBD with three replications under rain-fed condition at MoreAbstract:In order to evaluate the effect of sowing date, row spacing, foliar application of nitrogen and Zinc on yield and yield components of chickpea cv. Arman, a factorial experiment was carried arranged in an RCBD with three replications under rain-fed condition at the agricultural research station of Gonbad Treatments were combination of four factors, i.e. sowing dates (Nov 6th, Dec 6th and Dec 26th), row spacing (24 and 36 centimeters), two nitrogen foliar application (without application and spraying urea at 5/1000) and zinc Levels (0 and 30 kg/ha of zinc sulphate). In this experiment, grain yield, pods per plant, seeds per pod, one-thousand seed weight were counted or calculated. The results revealed the positive effect of foliar application of nitrogen,and zinc sulphate on some phenotypic traits, seed yield and yield components of chickpea. Zinc sulphate significantly increased seed yield (1913 kg ha-1) compared to without zinc sulphate treatment (1853 kg ha-1). In addition, nitrogen foliar application significantly affected plant height and seeds per pod. Number of seeds per pod with nitrogen foliar application (1.79 seeds) was significantly higher than that of no foliar application (1.46 seeds). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
453 - Effects of vermicompost ,microorganisms mycorrhiza and phosphate biofertilizer on morphophysiological characteristics and seed protein percentage of chickpea in the autumn plantation
payam pezeshkpour M.R. Ardakani F. Paknejad S. VazanAbstract This experiment was conducted at Research Station in khoramabad at 2009-2010.The treatment were mycorrhiza inoculation(inoculated and non inoculated), phosphate biofertilizer (inoculated and non inoculated) and Vermicompost (0,6 and 12 ton/ha ). The experiment MoreAbstract This experiment was conducted at Research Station in khoramabad at 2009-2010.The treatment were mycorrhiza inoculation(inoculated and non inoculated), phosphate biofertilizer (inoculated and non inoculated) and Vermicompost (0,6 and 12 ton/ha ). The experiment design was factorial experiment in the base of randomized complete blocks design with four replication .Results showed that the highest seed yield (2497 kg/ha.),plant height (62.7 cm),number of primery branches (3.8),number of nodes per main stem(23.8),leaf area (915.9),seed protein percent(22.2%) were obtained with mycorrhiza inoculums. Phosphate biofertilizer showed significant effects on seed yield and seed protein percent. Also, vermicompost showed significant effects on seed yield ,plant height , number of primery branches, number of nodes per main stem and leaf area .The highest seed yield (2373.7 kg/ha ) seed protein percent (22.8%)were obtained with application of 12 ton /ha vermicompost. Thus it can be stated that the use of bio-fertilizers to improve grain quality, increase performance and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pea environmentally very useful. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
454 - Physicochemical Properties and Shelf Life of Button Mushroom under Essential Oils with Chitosan Coating Treatment
MARZIEH NAJAFIAN-JAZI Mehrdad Jafarpour MEHRNOOSH KAHVAEI BAKTASH RAEISI-DEHKORDI NILOUFAR ALAMARVDASHT -
Open Access Article
455 - Protective effect of nanocurcumin on renal histological damage in salinomycin-induced toxicity of broiler chickens
Seyed Mohammad Hosseini Reza Sayrafi Saber Yousefi-Robati Abolfazl Akbari Alireza SalehiSalinomycin (SLM) is an ionophore antibiotic used extensively in the poultry industry for the control and prevention of coccidiosis. The toxicity of the ionophore is thought to be due to oxidative damage caused by the production of free radicals. Curcumin is a major com MoreSalinomycin (SLM) is an ionophore antibiotic used extensively in the poultry industry for the control and prevention of coccidiosis. The toxicity of the ionophore is thought to be due to oxidative damage caused by the production of free radicals. Curcumin is a major component of turmeric, which has a wide range of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanocurcumin (NC) as a natural antioxidant on broiler chickens poisoned with a toxic dose of SLM. In this study, 60 broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups. The first group was considered as control. The second group received SLM at a dose of 300 mg/kg bw per day for 14 days. Groups 3, 4 and 5 received oral doses of NC at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw per day for 14 days in addition to SLM. After 14 days, blood and kidney tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological evaluation. It was observed that NC reduced the incidence and severity of renal histopathological lesions. The highest levels of inflammatory cells were observed in the cortex and medulla of the SLM group and it appeared that treatment with NC improved the condition and reduced the presence of inflammatory cells. It also significantly improved renal histomorphometric parameters (P<0.05). It seemed that SLM-induced adverse conditions can be reversed by oral administration of NC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
456 - Evaluation function of chickpea in mixed cultures of chickpea and barley as products forage
S. AhmadiAgriculture and Natural Resources was Boroujerd. In the treatment of various mixing ratios of two plants that were planted in five combinations: M1 = single ship 100% of the atmosphere, M2 = 75% +25% barley, peas, M3 = 50% +50% barley, peas, M4 = 25% barley + 75% MoreAgriculture and Natural Resources was Boroujerd. In the treatment of various mixing ratios of two plants that were planted in five combinations: M1 = single ship 100% of the atmosphere, M2 = 75% +25% barley, peas, M3 = 50% +50% barley, peas, M4 = 25% barley + 75% peas, M5 = single ship 100% of pea were studied. Results showed that total yield of forage peas and mixed fodder (barley and peas) mixing ratio was affected by treatment (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
457 - Heavy Metals in Commercial Food for Infants and Small Children Origin from the Sarajevo Market
Elma Omeragic Amir Causevic Aleksandra Marjanovic Miroslav Sober -
Open Access Article
458 - Evaluation of Removal Efficiency of Cr (VI) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Chitosan
Soheil Sobhanardakani Raziyeh Zandipak Mohadeseh Bonyadi Hassan Parvizimosaed Mehran Moslemi Mahsa Tahergorabi Tahergorabi Seyed Mehdi Hosseini -
Open Access Article
459 - Simulation of Drug Release in Expanding Hydrogels Containing Chitosan and Gelatin
Thair Aljawahiry Mohaned Adil Mohammed Abdulkadhim Sayah Abed J. Kadhim Mazin Abdullateef Alzubaidi Ahmed S. Abed Naseer Mehdi Mohammed -
Open Access Article
460 - The Right to Health of Child Labor and Adolescents Worker against Pollutants and Chemical Hazards in the Workplace
Mohammad Amin Hasanzadeh Fakhroddin Abuieh Jafar Shafiee SardashtAccording to the association between increased micronuclei (MNi) level in reproductive age women and increased risk of congenital abnormalities, we aimed in this study to find the contribution of WTS to women's health in apparently healthy young cases by comparing the v MoreAccording to the association between increased micronuclei (MNi) level in reproductive age women and increased risk of congenital abnormalities, we aimed in this study to find the contribution of WTS to women's health in apparently healthy young cases by comparing the variability of MN values in water pipe smokers and non-smokers. Finding the associations between MNi levels and demographic, socioeconomic, reproductive, and lifestyle factors was the secondary scope of this study. This cross-sectional case-control study was performed on 30 premenopausal women (15 cases and 15 controls) who lived in Tehran, according to our inclusion criteria. The mean MN frequency among waterpipe smokers was 28.53± 7.462, whereas the same parameter in the control group was 6.53 + 3.24 (p= 0.001). Non-parametric tests revealed a significant association between MNi and frequency of waterpipe smoking (p = 0.001), age of starting waterpipe smoking (p = 0.003), concurrent use of alcoholic drinks (p= 0.004), and secondhand smoking (p =0.001). In the context of heavy environmental pollution in Tehran, significantly higher MNi frequencies and decreased genomic health in waterpipe smoker women in reproductive age may predispose them to an increased risk of harmful reproductive outcomes. These findings emerge from governmental and non-governmental biomonitoring programs in high-risk women to concern more on unhealthy lifestyles and environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
461 - Preparation of a Novel Magnetic Nanocomposite Hydrogel Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan for the Adsorption of Crystal Violet as Cationic Dye
Meysam Akbarzadeh Mohammad Taghi Vardini Gholam Reza Mahdavinia -
Open Access Article
462 - The Impact of Vibration of Different Frequencies on the Body of Broiler Chickens in Industrial Keeping Conditions
Lyudmila K. Buslovskaya Alexey Yu. Kovtunenko Yulia P. Ryzhkova Olga N. Bykanova -
Open Access Article
463 - The Influence of Dietary Lysine Levels on Small Intestine Morphometrics in Starter and Grower Period of Broiler Chickens
غلامحسن واعظی مسعود تشفام شهاب بهادران حیدر فرازیانTheandshy; purpose of this study to demonstrate the effects of lysine supplement on Small Intestine Morphometrics of broilers chickens. 180 day old male Ross breed broiler were purchased and divided into 3 groups. In starter period Control group received diet containing MoreTheandshy; purpose of this study to demonstrate the effects of lysine supplement on Small Intestine Morphometrics of broilers chickens. 180 day old male Ross breed broiler were purchased and divided into 3 groups. In starter period Control group received diet containing 1.2% lysine, Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 group received diet containing 1.3% and 1.4% Lysine, respectively. In Grower period Control group received diet containing 1.1% lysine, Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 group received diet containing 1.2% and 1.3% Lysine, respectively. Intestine villous Morphometrics examination was done by analyzing of villiand#39;s height, width and depth of crypts. PAS solution was used in order to staining samples. Data analyzed by SPSS 17software through one-way variance analysis and Tukey Test. The finding shown that as diet lysine increased, in trearment2 the villous height and crypt depth had a significant increase compared to the control Group. The growth of intestine villous width which depends on lysine density had significant increase (Pandlt;0.05) compared to control group. Lysine had no significant effect villous height to crypt depth ratio and villous height to villous width ratio in the jejunum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
464 - The Effects of Replacement Vitamin E with Dietary Grape Pomace in Diets Containing Oil or Beef Tallow on Growth Performance, Blood Characteristics, Oxidative Status, and Gut Morphology of Broiler Chickens
Karim Ghorbani Mohammad Reza Ghorbani Ahmad Tatar Hassan AhmadvandTo investigate the effects of replacement vitamin E with dietary grape pomace in the diets containing oil or beef tallow on growth performance, blood chara­cteristics, oxidative status, and gut morphology of broiler chickens, the present study was carried out. Four MoreTo investigate the effects of replacement vitamin E with dietary grape pomace in the diets containing oil or beef tallow on growth performance, blood chara­cteristics, oxidative status, and gut morphology of broiler chickens, the present study was carried out. Four hundred and fifty-one-day-old broiler chickens were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments and five replicates. Experimental treatments were as follows; 1- control oil (CO, basal diet containing 3.5 percent soy oil) with 200 mg/kg vitamin E, 2-contraol tallow (CT, basal diet containing 3.5 percent tallow) with vitamin E, 3- CO with 9 percent grape pomace (GP), 4- CT with 9 % GP, 5- CO with 9 percent GP and vitamin E,6- CT with 9 % GP, and vitamin E. The results of this experiment showed that in the whole period, the birds fed diets containing soy oil, GP and vitamin E had the highest body weight gain and production index and the lowest feed conversion ratio compared to the others. The blood concentration of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteins were reduced when GB was used in diets. Blood superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase concentrations were increased, and malondialdehyde concentration was decreased when GP was used in broiler diets. In the duodenum part of the small intestine, villus height, crypt depth, villus height to crypt depth ratio, and muscularis thickness were increased when GP was used in broiler diets. To conclude, the result of this experiment suggests that although the GP has strong antioxidant properties, the simultaneous using vitamin E has a better effect on broiler growth performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
465 - Evaluation of the Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Methionine Hydroxy Analogue on Performance and Liver Histology of Broilers under Heat Stress Conditions
Mahsa Erfani Nima Eila Abolfazl Zarei Alireza NosharyThe present study was aimed at investigating the effect of ascorbic acid and methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) on performance and liver histology of broilers under heat stress conditions. To perform the experiment, 400 one-day-old male chickens of commercial Ross 308 st MoreThe present study was aimed at investigating the effect of ascorbic acid and methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) on performance and liver histology of broilers under heat stress conditions. To perform the experiment, 400 one-day-old male chickens of commercial Ross 308 strain were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five iterations (each iteration contained 20 chickens). The experimental treatments included: 1) base diet based on maize-soybean (the control), 2) base diet with 0.2% vitamin C, 3) base diet with 0.46, 0.36, and 0.32% MHA, in the starter, grower, and finisher periods, respectively, and 4) base diet with a mixture of 0.2% vitamin C and 0.46, 0.36, and 0.32% of MHA in the starter, grower, and finisher periods, respectively. During the growth period, feed consumption in the treatment containing MHA had a significant increase compared to the control group (P <0.05). In the final period, feed conversion ratio in treatments using a mixture of vitamin C and MHA had a significant improvement compared to the control group (P <0.05). Hepatocyte diameter and hepatocyte nucleus diameter were significantly reduced in chickens receiving vitamin C and a mixture of vitamin C and MHA compared to the control group (P <0.05). The results of this experiment revealed that the use of a mixture of vitamin C and MHA compared to their separate use in the diet could be effective in reducing the negative effects of heat stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
466 - Effect of Different Levels of Sumac (Rhuscoriaria L.) Powder on Performance, Development of Gastrointestinal Tract, Immune System and Blood Factors of Broiler Chickens
Zoleikhah Farhangian Hossein Reaz Shahbazi Forogh MohammadiUsing plant growth supplements in the diet of broilers increases the production efficiency. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different amounts of sumac powder on broiler chicken growth, gastrointestinal development, immune system, and blood factor MoreUsing plant growth supplements in the diet of broilers increases the production efficiency. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different amounts of sumac powder on broiler chicken growth, gastrointestinal development, immune system, and blood factors. 160 one-day-old male Ross 308 chickens were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications, each with ten chickens.The experimental diets were: 1) control with basal diet (no sumac), 2) basal diet containing the 0.25% sumac 3) basal diet containing the 0.75% of sumac, and 4) basal diet containing 1.5%. The results showed that the increase in body weight and feed conversion ratio during the rearing period in the diet containing 1.5% of sumac powder significantly improved (p <0.05). The weight of Fabricius bursa in all different levels of sumac powder significantly increased compared to the control (p <0.01). There was a significant increase in hematocrit percentage for the treatments containing levels of 0.75 and 1.5% of sumac powder (p <0.05). The amount of 1.5% sumac powder in the diet had a significant improvement on the concentration of albumin, cholesterol, and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) in the serum of broiler chickens (p <0.05). In general, the results showed that using sumac powder in the diet of broilers could have beneficial effects as a growth stimulant. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
467 - Evaluation of Antibody Titer from Newcastle Vaccine and Histological Effect in Sebright Chickens
Kimia Karimi Sani Mehdi Rezaei Mohammadreza HossenchiNewcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important viral disease which make lots of casualty in poultry flocks. Therefor vaccination against ND is the main way to prevents the damages. The aim of this research was evaluation of antibody titer from ND vaccines and histo MoreNewcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important viral disease which make lots of casualty in poultry flocks. Therefor vaccination against ND is the main way to prevents the damages. The aim of this research was evaluation of antibody titer from ND vaccines and histopathological effects in Sebright chickens. In this research, 72 one-day-old Sebright chickens were tested in a completely random format in two groups (with three replications). From day one to the end of period, the breeding conditions were the same for all quails and the differences between the groups were only in the Newcastle disease vaccination program. Vaccination in the first group was based on using: Clone ND vaccine in day old (eye drop), injection of ND/AI + Clone ND (eye drop) in day 8 and using Avinew vaccine (drinking water) in day 15. The second group was considered as the control group (without vaccination). Blood samples were taken at day 25 and 35 and evaluated by HI test. Also, a sample was taken from the intestine and a histopathology specimen was prepared. The results of statistical analysis by Tukey test showed that the mean titer of Newcastle antibody in the vaccinated groups was significantly different (p < 0.01). Also, the results of morphometry and morphology of Newcastle vaccine in the intestinal tissue in the vaccinated groups showed a significant difference compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study presents as a strategy in terms of antibody production and histological effects after vaccination in Sebright farms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
468 - The Effects of Phytase and Protease Supplementation in Diets Containing Seasame Meal on Nutrient Digestability, Bone Properties, Immunity and Blood Parameters in Broiler Chicken
Hesamoddin Farrokhi Rohullah Abdullahpour Vahid RezaeipourThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemented phytase and protease enzymes in diets containing 15% of sesame meal on digestibility, bone physicochemical properties, immunity and blood parameters in broiler chicken. An experiment was performed in a MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemented phytase and protease enzymes in diets containing 15% of sesame meal on digestibility, bone physicochemical properties, immunity and blood parameters in broiler chicken. An experiment was performed in a completely randomized design using five dietary treatments with six replicates in which 300 one-day-old Ross 308 commercial broiler chicks were reared for 6 weeks. Dietary treatments were 1) corn-soybean meal based diet (negative control) 2) a corn-soybean meal diet including 15% sesame meal (positive control), 3) positive control diet supplemented with phytase, 4) positive control diet supplemented with protease and 5) positive control diet supplemented with both phytase and protease enzymes. The results indicated that ileal digestibility for crude protein was increased in chicks treated with enzymes (p < 0.05). The ileal digestibility for calcium and phosphorus were higher in chicks fed both phytase and protease (p < 0.05). Experimental treatments had no significant effects on the viscosity of gastrointestinal ileal digesta (p > 0.05). Tibial bone breaking strength in chicks treated with both enzymes increased (p < 0.05), also treatments containing phytase (with or without protease) led to more bone calcium and phosphorus (p < 0.05). Experimental treatments had no significant effect on bursa and spleen weights (p < 0.05). Blood cholestrol concentration in chicks treated with both enzymes were decreased (p < 0.05). Phytase (with or without protease) in diet, decreased blood triglyceride concentration (p < 0.05). Lower total protein was in chicks fed protease (p < 0.05). Blood calcium concentration in chicks fed enzymes were higher (p < 0.05). Supplementing broiler chicken diets with phytase and protease containing 15% sesame meal, had beneficial effects on protein, calcium and phosphorus digestibility, bone resistance, and some blood parameters. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
469 - The Impacts of Lysophospholipd Supplememntation in the Diet on Performance, Carcass Indices, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Metabolites and Immunity of Broiler Chickens Fed with Different Levels of Threonine
Mehdi Bassareh Vahid Rezaeipour Rohullah Abdullahpour Sakineh AsadzadehThis research was conducted in order to evaluate the use of lysophospholipid (LPL) supplement on performance, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens fed with different levels of threonine (Thr) amino acid. In this exper MoreThis research was conducted in order to evaluate the use of lysophospholipid (LPL) supplement on performance, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens fed with different levels of threonine (Thr) amino acid. In this experiment, 400 male broilers of ROSS 308 strain were used with 8 treatments and 5 repetitions in a period of 35 days. The experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of 4x2 including two levels of LPL in the diet (0 and 0.1%) and four levels of Thr (100, 105, 110 and 115% of requirement). Experimental diets were used for starter (0 to 10 days), grower (11 to 24 days) and finisher (25 to 35 days) phases. The results of this research showed that during the 35-day period, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio improved in broiler chickens fed with LPL supplement (p < 0.05). However, the use of LPL supplement did not have a significant effect on feed intake in broilers. In addition, feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in broilers fed with 100% Thr level compared to higher amounts of Thr requirements (p < 0.05). The use of levels higher than 100% of Thr requirements and LPL supplement in the diet increased the digestibility of crude protein and crude fat in broiler chickens (p < 0.05). The use of LPL supplement increased the serum concentration glucose (p < 0.05). While the level of 105% Thr in the diet caused a significant decrease in serum triglyceride concentration (P < 0.05). Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the use of LPL supplement and levels higher than 100% of Thr requirements in the broiler chicken diet increased the growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
470 - The Effect of Different Levels of Garden Thyme and Mint Powder on Production Performance and Egg Quality of Native Chickens
Arash Rostami Majid TaghianiThe purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of garden thyme and mint powder on production performance and egg quality of native chickens. The present experiment was conducted with 150 pieces of native chicken in the form of a complet MoreThe purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of garden thyme and mint powder on production performance and egg quality of native chickens. The present experiment was conducted with 150 pieces of native chicken in the form of a completely random design with 5 treatments and 5 repetitions and 6 pieces of native chicken in each repetition. The experimental treatments are: treatment (A): basic diet without addition of garden thyme or mint (control treatment); treatment (B): adding 1% levels of garden thyme powder to the base diet; treatment (C): adding 1% of mint powder to the basic diet; treatment (D): adding 0.75% garden thyme powder along with 0.75% mint powder to the basic diet; and treatment (E): addition of 0.5% garden thyme powder along with 0.5% mint powder to the base diet. The results of the experiment showed that the percentage of egg production in the periods of 1-28, 28-56, 56-84 days and the whole production period of 1-84 days increased in the fifth treatment compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the weight of egg production in the periods of 1-28, 56-84 days and the whole production period of 1-84 days; However, in the period of 28-56 days, the level of birds that received 1% mint was higher (p < 0.05). The weight of the egg mass in all the tested laying periods in the birds receiving garden thyme and mint was higher than the control treatment (p < 0.05). The parameters of egg quality traits in birds receiving garden thyme and mint were significant compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). Generally, the results of this experiment showed that the use of garden thyme and mint powder at the level of 0.5% of the basic diet of local chickens will improve the productivity and quality of eggs. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
471 - Genetic Evaluation and Population Structure of the Gene Locus Involved in Heat Stress (HSP90β) in Native Chickens of Mazandaran, West Azerbaijan and Commercial Chickens
Jafar Pish Jang AghajeriIn hot and dry regions, heat stress causes significant economic losses in poultry production and leads to the reduction of several physiological and metabolic factors. This research was conducted in order to investigate the allelic and genotypic polymorphisms of the gen MoreIn hot and dry regions, heat stress causes significant economic losses in poultry production and leads to the reduction of several physiological and metabolic factors. This research was conducted in order to investigate the allelic and genotypic polymorphisms of the gene locus involved in heat stress (HSP90β) in native chickens of Mazandaran, West Azerbaijan and commercial broiler and egg-laying chicken populations using PCR-RFLP technique. Randomly, blood was taken from 400 chicken and genomic DNA was extracted by salting out method. The desired gene locus of 494 base pairs was amplified with the help of specific primers and MspI enzyme digestion was used to identify the mutation in the gene locus. For this gene locus, two types of genotypes M1M1 and M1M2 and two alleles M1 (with one band of 494 bp) and M2 (with two bands of 248 bp and 246 bp) were identified. Mazandaran, West Azerbaijan native and commercial broiler chicken masses were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. For Mazandaran, West Azerbaijan native and commercial broiler chicken populations, Shannon information index was 0.32, 0.28 and 0.40, respectively, the fixation index was 0.12, -0.11 and -0.16, respectively and the observed heterozygosity was 0.19, 0.17 and 0.28, respectively. Due to the presence of polymorphism and mutation in this gene locus, it is possible to use this marker in the native chickens of Mazandaran and West Azerbaijan with genetic selection and in commercial broiler chickens with genetic selection at the line level, to remove heat-sensitive chickens and keep them heat-resistant chickens are used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
472 - Comparing the Effect of Galbanic Acid and Chitosan Gel on Pro-Inflammatory Factors in Intra-Abdominal Adhesions after Laparotomy in Rats
Firoozeh Saghaei melika montazeri Mahsa RezvanAbdominal adhesions are a common complication after laparotomy (abdominal surgery) that can cause intestinal obstruction, pelvic pain and infertility. Since inflammation plays an effective role in induction of intra-abdominal adhesions and galbanic acid has anti-inflamm MoreAbdominal adhesions are a common complication after laparotomy (abdominal surgery) that can cause intestinal obstruction, pelvic pain and infertility. Since inflammation plays an effective role in induction of intra-abdominal adhesions and galbanic acid has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects, in the present research, its effect on inhibiting of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β, in abdominal adhesions after laparotomy was investigated. For this purpose, after anesthetizing and opening the abdomen, adhesion was induced in male wistar rats and, adhesion was induced in male wistar rats, and in one group, 2 cc of chitosan gel was injected in the adhesion induction site and the abdomen was closed, and in one group, galbanic acid (10mg/ kg) was injected intraperitoneally for 7 days. At the end of 7 days, the abdomen was opened again and the abdominal adhesion was observed and a sample was taken from the adhesion sites. RT-PCR method was used to determine the gene expression of pre-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β. The results of the study showed that intra-peritoneal injection of galbanic acid like chitosan gel effectively reduced the incidence of intra-abdominal adhesions after laparotomy. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β gene expression in both groups, which indicates the anti-inflammatory effect of these two natural substances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
473 - Comparison of the effect of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae extract with sodium bentonite on performance, immune response and Blood parameters of broiler chickens infected with aflatoxin
Seyed Saman Seif Amir Fattah mohsen MohamadisaeiThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae extract with sodium bentonite on the performance, immune responses and blood parameters of broiler chickens fed with aflatoxin-contaminated diet. The experiment was conducted using 384 c MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae extract with sodium bentonite on the performance, immune responses and blood parameters of broiler chickens fed with aflatoxin-contaminated diet. The experiment was conducted using 384 chicken pieces in a completely random design and were divided into 6 experimental groups in 4 repetitions and 16 pieces in each repetition. Experimental rations include: 1- negative control treatment (rations without aflatoxin); 2- Positive control treatment (rations contaminated with 0.5 mg/kg of aflatoxin); 3- Healthy diet + Chlorella vulgaris extract (0.4 g/kg feed); 4- Contaminated diet + chlorella extract (0.4 g/kg of feed); 5- Healthy diet + sodium bentonite (2 grams per kilogram of feed); 6- Contaminated diet + sodium bentonite (2 grams per kilogram of feed). In this study, functional parameters, hematological and immune parameters were determined. The results of the research showed that the addition of bentonite and chlorella food supplements to the basic diet in the final period did not affect weight gain and feed consumption, but in the initial period of growth and the whole period improved weight gain and feed consumption compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the control treatment and the aflatoxin treatment in any of the experimental periods in the field of food conversion coefficient (p < 0.05). Chickens fed with 0.4 g/kg of chlorella had the best performance in terms of blood biochemical metabolites compared to other experimental treatments. Adding chlorella supplement to the food diet compared to the control diet showed a positive and significant effect on the antibody titer and the relative weight of the lymphatic organs (p < 0.05), but bentonite did not showe a significant difference with the control in the spleen, thymus, and bursa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - The Effect of Garlic Extract on Reducing of Side Effects of Eimeria tenella Oocyte on the Growth Indices and Mucosal Tissue of Cecum in Broiler Chickens
A. Dehghani-Ashkezari M. Gholami-Ahangaran E. Fathi-HafshejaniIn this study, the efficacy of garlic extract versus commercial toltrazuril drug on oocyte excretion of Eimeria tenella and improving the side effects of this oocyte on growth and performance indices of broiler chicks was studied. In this regard, 360 broiler chicks were MoreIn this study, the efficacy of garlic extract versus commercial toltrazuril drug on oocyte excretion of Eimeria tenella and improving the side effects of this oocyte on growth and performance indices of broiler chicks was studied. In this regard, 360 broiler chicks were randomly divided into eight groups with three replicates. Groups 1 to 4 received a suspension of E. tenella at the age of 21 days. Groups 1 and 2 received garlic extract at a dose of 500 and 1000 ppm, respectively; and in the group 3, the chickens received toltrazuril, 5 days after the challenge. Group 4 did not receive any treatment. In this study, four control groups were considered for the main groups, which only received the extract and were not challenged. At 7, 9, and 12 days after the challenge, the number of oocyst excretion was counted in these groups. Additionally, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured and compared weekly. The comparing of oocyte excretion rate in different groups showed that all treated groups were significantly different from each other. The least amount of oocyte excretion was observed in the group receiving toltrazuril. Analysis of growth indices at the end of growing period showed that although there was no significant difference between weight gain and feed intake among garlic extract recipients with toltrazuril, the lowest food conversion ratio was seen in the group receiving toltrazuril. In addition, there was no significant difference between the two groups receiving garlic extract. Therefore, it can be concluded that garlic extract can reduce oocyte excretion and improve growth indices in chickens infected with Eimeria tenella and can be effective as a supportive treatment in coccidiosis control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - Studying the Role of Warning Fantasies in Gaining the Identity and Critical Thinkingof Children with Emphasis on Bruno Bettelheim 's Ideas
Sayed Fahimah Ghayyum Nia Bijan Zahiri Nav Mohammad Reza Shad ManamanAbstract The warning fantasy is of the fantasies which presents the most fundamental problems of human society in an imaginative mold. This kind of fantasy gives information about one of the most important aspects of child's e MoreAbstract The warning fantasy is of the fantasies which presents the most fundamental problems of human society in an imaginative mold. This kind of fantasy gives information about one of the most important aspects of child's existence; that's, his own identity and the others in the layers of narrative story. We have investigated, in this article, the methods of finding the identity, critical thinking, and the recognition of oneself and the other in an analytic – descriptive way. We have concentrated on " children need the story " from Bruno Bettelheim to attain a better perception of the child and juvenile's mentality and mental structure. Our investigation showed that most studied fantasy stories emphasize on the preservation of the environment, altruism, finding identity as speculation. The writers of these works enumerate the difficulties and disasters of the story characters to their readers in an indirect way; and without pretending being teachers. They transfer their recommendations in a fantasy mold to their readers. On the other hand, the most significant type of thinking is the instructive thinking. The most important restitution of this kind of thinking is creativity which is an important phenomenon and valuable in the child development and must have a special stance in the life of a child. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - Computational fluid dynamics analysis and geometric optimization of solar chimney power plants by using of genetic algorithm
Amir Karami Davood ToghraieIn this paper, a multi-objective optimization method is implemented by using of genetic algorithm techniques in order to determine optimum configuration of solar chimney power plant. The objective function which is simultaneously considered in the analysis is output pow MoreIn this paper, a multi-objective optimization method is implemented by using of genetic algorithm techniques in order to determine optimum configuration of solar chimney power plant. The objective function which is simultaneously considered in the analysis is output power of the plant. Output power of the system is maximized. Design parameters of the considered plant include collector radius (Rc), collector height (Hc), chimney height (Ht), chimney radius (Rt) and heat flux ( ). The multi-objective optimization results show that there are a strong positive correlation between the chimney height and the output power, as well as a negative correlation between the solar collector radius and the output power. Also, it was concluded that, output power of the plant could be considerably increased with increasing solar chimney height while increasing collector radius could slightly reduce output power This study may be useful for the preliminary estimation of power plant performance and the power-regulating strategy option for solar chimney turbines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
477 - An experimental model for predicting normal solar performance chimneys concerning the percentage of openings
Sajede Nazari Malihe Taghipour Aliakbar Heidari -
Open Access Article
478 - Check Tic-coated Tungsten Carbide Tool Wear in Machining Steel
M. Karimian , E. Mir Mohammad Sadeghi M. Mokhles Pour Esfahani M. badakhshian -
Open Access Article
479 - Yield Stability of chickpea promising Genotypes in autumn planting of Using GGE biplot
payam pezeshkpour Rahmatolah Karimizadeh Amir Mirzaei Mohhamad BarzaliThe purpose of this study was to identify genotype of high yielding and stable types in different environmental conditions. The experiment was conducted using eighteen chickpea genotypes in randomized complete bloch design with three replications in four agricultural re MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify genotype of high yielding and stable types in different environmental conditions. The experiment was conducted using eighteen chickpea genotypes in randomized complete bloch design with three replications in four agricultural research stations i.e. lorestan Ilam,gachsaran and Gonbad ,two successive cropping seasons (2014-2016) in autumn planting under rainfed conditions. The highest average seed yield (2911.5 kg.ha-1) was obtained at Lorestan in 2015 -16 and the lowest (742.9 kg.ha-1) was at Ilam in 2014-15. The highest and lowest average seed yield obtained in G2(1509.4 kg.ha-1) and G13 (1266.3 kg.ha-1), genotypes, respectively.The contribution of E, G, and GEI to the total variation in seed yield was about 87.7%, 0.65 % and 11.64%, respectively. The GEI was partitioned using GGE biplot model. According to singular value partitioning, the first two principal components explained PC1=36.6% and PC2=19.5% of total variations in data of seed yield. On the basis of GGE biplots, G2, G6 and G12 had high seed yield and yield stability as compared to the other genotypes.Genotypes G2,G17,G12,G4 and G6 were stable genotypes .On the other hand , genotype G2 had higher seed yield and , on the other hand , showed higher yield stability and was showed to be superior genotype compared to other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
480 - The effect of dietary inclusion of Hibiscus sabdariffa powder on growth performance and immune responses of broiler chicks under ascites condition
Toraj Ahmadi Amir Fattah Mohammad Hosein NematiThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of sour tea powder on growth performance and immune responses of broiler chicks under conditions challenge with ascites. 400 broiler chicks were studied in arrangement of 4 experimental diets including: Treatment 1: Po MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of sour tea powder on growth performance and immune responses of broiler chicks under conditions challenge with ascites. 400 broiler chicks were studied in arrangement of 4 experimental diets including: Treatment 1: Positive control group (without induction of ascites and without powder), treatment 2: Negative control group (induction of ascites without powder), Treatments 3 and 4) 1% and 2% sour tea powder groups with ascites induction, and inclusion of 1% and 2% tea powder. This study was conducted for 42 days and the induction of ascite was started from day 8. This study was conducted in form of a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Performance parameters (body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio), immune responses against SRBC, weight of immune organs (spleen, thymus and bursa) and heart indexes were investigated. The results showed that the induction of ascites decreased body weight and increased feed conversion ratio in finisher period. The induction of ascites also decreased relative weight of heart indexes, immune organs and antibody titer (p<0.05). Dietary inclusion of 2% plant powder increased growth performance in finisher and total periods. It also improved relative weight of immune organs and antibody titer against SRBC. In conclusion, adding 2% Sour tea powder into diet is suggested to improve immune responses and growth performance under ascites condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - Effect of corn and wheat glutens on performance and carcass traits of broilers
Ali Saki Abolfazl Zarei Nima EilaThis study was performed to evaluate of effect corn and wheat gluten individually and combination on performance and carcass traits broiler chickens. The experiment was performed using 400 broilers Ross 308 with the same initial weight in a completely randomized design MoreThis study was performed to evaluate of effect corn and wheat gluten individually and combination on performance and carcass traits broiler chickens. The experiment was performed using 400 broilers Ross 308 with the same initial weight in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications of 20 pieces for mixed sex and in a period of 42 days. The treatments included: 1- Control. 2- Corn gluten (5 %). 3- wheat gluten (4 %). 4- Mixed corn gluten (2/5 %) + wheat gluten (2 %).The measured experimental characteristics were; feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and production index. At the end of experimental period one bird was selected randomly from each replicate and slaughtered and carcass characteristics were measured. Results from compare means by duncan test showed that wheat gluten treatment significantly better performance in terms of feed intake, feed conversion ratio and production index is compared to other treatments. But in the case of weight gain, there is no significant difference between treatments. Wheat gluten treatment had a better carcass characteristics in terms of percentages of carcass, breast, thighs, wings and parts of the digestive system is compare to other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
482 - The Study of Incidence of Foot Pad Dermatitis in Broiler Chickens in Shahre kord
KARIM ALLAHBAKHSHI Ezatollah fathi hafshejani MAJED GHOLAMI AHANGARANSome studies represent that different factors play role in foot pad dermatitis but it seems the predisposing factor in this complication in wet litter that lead to maintain of this complication in poultry flock. This study was carried out in July to September of 2015, o MoreSome studies represent that different factors play role in foot pad dermatitis but it seems the predisposing factor in this complication in wet litter that lead to maintain of this complication in poultry flock. This study was carried out in July to September of 2015, on 200000 broiler chickens (10 poultry flocks) that were suspected to foot pad dermatitis. Totally 200 samples (10 samples per 10000 chickens) were taken from foot pad lesions. The grading of lesions carried out based of severity of lesions. The mean of litter humidity and the mean of temperature in deep litter were 24.23 and 36.03 (respectively). The mean of foot pad dermatitis incidence in 10 flocks were 29.2%. In this experiment, in 200 bacterial cultures, the frequency of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli and coliforme infections were 60, 12.5, 16 and 11.5 percent (respectively). In this study, there was a significant relationship between humidity of litter and foot pad dermatitis (P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
483 - spic and rfbjB Genes studies in isolated Salmonella strains from poultry in sari
میترا Salehi, سمیه Mohammadi,salmonella is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause infection in humans and a wide range of animals suchas human and farm animels such as cattle, poultry, pig and reptiles, which can be transmitted to humans throughinfected food. In this study, PCR was used to detect Moresalmonella is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause infection in humans and a wide range of animals suchas human and farm animels such as cattle, poultry, pig and reptiles, which can be transmitted to humans throughinfected food. In this study, PCR was used to detect salmonella in chicken intestine. In this study, 100 samplesof chicken intestines was prepared from aviculture around the city of Sari. All samples were examined usingbiochemical and biological methods. DNA samples was extracted by MBST kit and PCR method was employedby rfbjB and SpiC primers related to rfbjB and SpiC genes. The results of biochemical testing and culture methodson 100 samples collected from chicken intestine, 30 Salmonella was detected. Reults showed that all isolatedsamples contained SpiC gene and 50% contained rfbjB gene. these results indicate that this PCR assay is a simple,Rapid, reliable and reproducible method for identifcation of salmonella that will aid surveillance , prevention andcontrol of this pathogen Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - Effect of dextran prebiotic on experimentally induced Coccidiosis in broilers (Ross Strain) by Lesion scoring technique
S. S. R Shojaei حامد Hasani Valasejerdi کسری EsmaeilniaCocciodiosis is one of the most important parasitic diseases of poultry that is caused by protozoa of the genuseimeria. Due to increasing regulations with the use of prophylactic drugs, high cost of vaccines, and escalatingconsumer’s interest on naturally-raised c MoreCocciodiosis is one of the most important parasitic diseases of poultry that is caused by protozoa of the genuseimeria. Due to increasing regulations with the use of prophylactic drugs, high cost of vaccines, and escalatingconsumer’s interest on naturally-raised chickens, much interest has been devoted toward the development of alternative strategies to control avian coccidiosis. For example, prebiotics can be useful. Dextran, which is a glucosepolymer and has recently been under investigation as a prebiotic. dextran can promote the growth of benefcallactic acid bacteria in the intestines and boosting immune system, it can be speculated that, this effect promotes thehealth and productivity of poultry. There are not any studies about effect of this prebiotic on poultry coccidiosis.The hypothesis tested was that the feeding of dextran will suppress the lesion scores of a coccidiosis infectionin broilers. To evaluate the effect of dietary dextran, a total of One hundred and twenty 1-day old broiler chicks(Ross 308) were purchased from a local hatchery and randomly allocated to 6 groups of 20 birds each. Four groupsreceived the supplemented diet with dextran (experiment groups) and the other two groups were fed the basal diet(control groups). The experimental diet was prepared by adding a dextran preparation at a level of 1.5 g/kg diet.On day 21, Four groups fed the supplemented diet and one group fed the basal diet were challenged with 4 dilutedmixture of Eimeria containing sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella and E. necatrix. On day27 0f the experiment, 4 birds per group, were randomly selected, euthanized by cervical dislocation. The intestinewas removed, opened and coccidial intestinal lesion scored. The results of this experiment showed the mean oflesion score did differ signifcantly between the infected birds fed the diets without or with dextran in same dosesof sporulated oocyst inoculation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
485 - Effect of different levels of dicalcium phosphate in the diet on growth performance, bone characteristics and microbial flora in broiler chickens
S, M Motamedi جواد Vahed Khoshchehreh ملیحه RahatiThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dicalsium phosphate on growthperformance, bony characteristics and intestinal microbial flora in broiler chickens. Dicalsium phosphate wasadded in 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 % to basal diet. A total of 20 MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dicalsium phosphate on growthperformance, bony characteristics and intestinal microbial flora in broiler chickens. Dicalsium phosphate wasadded in 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 % to basal diet. A total of 200 Ross- 308 broiler chicks in 4 treatments and 5 replicates(with 10 birds in each replicate) in completely randomized design, reared for 42 days. The results showed thatall levels of dicalsium phosphate in diet of broiler chickens had a signifcant difference on daily weight gain andfnal weight compared to control group signifcantly (P>0.05). There was no signifcant difference between testand control groups as feed intake, but FCR was lower in test group signifcantly (P<0.05). In characteristics ofbone, the weight of the bones in test groups was signifcantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05).But the other characteristics (bone length, width bone, bone strength, bone ash) were not signifcant. Also, the testgroup had lower intestinal microbial flora signifcantly compared to controls group (P<0.05). Rate of intestinalmicrobial flora in treatments with 0.5 % dicalsium phosphate was less than the others. It can be concluded that thesupplementation of diet with dicalsium phosphate has positive effects on broilers performance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
486 - The situation of children in armed conflict
ebrahim mashhadi masoud bitaneh musa musavi zenuzChildren are not the cause of armed conflict, but they have always suffered a lot in this regard in various ways. Therefore, since the largest share of injuries caused by armed conflict is to this group of civilians, therefore, humanitarian organizations and institution MoreChildren are not the cause of armed conflict, but they have always suffered a lot in this regard in various ways. Therefore, since the largest share of injuries caused by armed conflict is to this group of civilians, therefore, humanitarian organizations and institutions and governments have thought of supporting this vulnerable group. Children make up half of the victims of international and non-international (domestic) armed conflict. According to statistics, in more than 36 countries, children have been victims of armed conflict. Today, most of the armed conflicts are internal and the rate of destruction, violence and injuries to children and human casualties is very high and terrible. CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, ARMED CONFLICTS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, GENERAL AND SPECIAL PROTECTION, UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, ARMED CONFLICTS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, GENERAL AND SPECIAL PROTECTION, UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, ARMED CONFLICTS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, GENERAL AND SPECIAL PROTECTION, UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
487 - The Survey of Chinese Government Role in the Development of This Country
Mahnaz Godarzi Hamid DerakhshandeUnderstanding development trends in countries that have succeeded in achieving this important Theoretical and Applied great value for policy makers and elites in developing countries. Among the successful countries in achieving development, no doubt China has been a suc MoreUnderstanding development trends in countries that have succeeded in achieving this important Theoretical and Applied great value for policy makers and elites in developing countries. Among the successful countries in achieving development, no doubt China has been a success on the road to development. The first and most important factor in the success of the country, there is a developmental state. The government, through the elite development-oriented, efficient bureaucracy and its nationalist nationalism, was able to design and implement appropriate policies and rational, Policies that were designed with the purpose of development and industrialization. The success of the pro-development efforts developmental state and administrative system. The aim of this paper is to examine the developmental state of China's development goals that are politically oriented Showed that the function of the driving force behind the development of this country songs and strategies pursued within state structures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
488 - The use of Peanut Meal Protein in the Diet and Commercial Enzyme Supplementation on the Performance of Broiler Chickens and Its Effect on Production Indicators
nafiseh rahmanian sharif abadThis experiment was carried out with 384 broiler chickens of the commercial Ras 308 strain with eight treatments and in the form of a factorial design with levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60 replacements of peanut meal protein mixture and tow levels of multiple enzymes, zero a MoreThis experiment was carried out with 384 broiler chickens of the commercial Ras 308 strain with eight treatments and in the form of a factorial design with levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60 replacements of peanut meal protein mixture and tow levels of multiple enzymes, zero and 250 grams per ton. The results showed that the effect of different levels of protein mixture on body weight at different ages was significant (p < 0.05) so with increasing levels of protein mixture in the diet, body weight decreased, but no significant difference was observed between the control group and the group with 20% replacement of protein mixture with soybean meal. The effect of protein mixture levels on the feed conversion ratio was significant. The Conversion ratio increased with the increase of the protein mixture levels, the highest conversion ratio was related to the treatment with replacing 60% of the protein mixture with soybean meal and the lowest conversion ratio was related to the control treatment. The effect of different replacement levels of peanut meal protein mixture and poultry slaughterhouse waste powder on the production index at 1-42 days was significant (p <0.05). So with increasing levels of protein mixture, the production index decreased. In general, the results of this research show that the 20% replacement level of protein mixture of peanut meal and poultry slaughterhouse waste powder in the diet does not have a significant negative effect on the performance of broiler chickens, and it can probably replace the expensive protein source of soybean meal. Also, the use of enzyme supplements in the diet had no significant effect on the performance of broiler chickens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
489 - Investigation of Salmonella enteritidis contamination in chicken and quail meat sold in Khuzestan province
Zahra Motaghi Hossein Khodabandeh shahraki mahla elahiniaSalmonellosis is caused by Salmonella bacteria and is one of the most common food-borne diseases that is accompanied by diarrhea, mild fever, nausea, abdominal pain and even death. This study was conducted in order to isolate and identify common Salmonella serotypes in MoreSalmonellosis is caused by Salmonella bacteria and is one of the most common food-borne diseases that is accompanied by diarrhea, mild fever, nausea, abdominal pain and even death. This study was conducted in order to isolate and identify common Salmonella serotypes in chicken and quail meat. For this purpose, 100 meat samples, including 50 chicken meat and 50 quail meat samples, were collected from distribution centers in Khuzestan province and after cultivation and isolation of salmonella and genome extraction, they were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction method. The results showed that 5 out of 100 samples were infected with Salmonella enteritidis. According to the results, it is very important to apply periodic microbial monitoring and tests and more measures from the officials of the provincial veterinary department in order to reduce the amount of microbial contamination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
490 - Evaluation of the phenolic compounds in the aerial part and roots of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) collected from different localities of the Iran using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
mahshid Rahimifard fatemeh sefidkon somayeh fekri qomi مریم مکی زاده تفتیIn this article, a phytochemical investigation including identification and measurement of some phenolic compounds in the hydroalcoholic extracts of the Cichorium intybus L. collected from 6 localities was carried out. Among the studied compounds, chicoric acid (0.55 to MoreIn this article, a phytochemical investigation including identification and measurement of some phenolic compounds in the hydroalcoholic extracts of the Cichorium intybus L. collected from 6 localities was carried out. Among the studied compounds, chicoric acid (0.55 to 6.04 mg per gram of dry plant), chlorogenic acid (0.50 to 5.37 mg per gram of dry plant), and rutin (0.56 to 2.25 mg per gram of dry plant) were found in extracts of aerial parts and chicoric acid (0.03% to 0.29 mg per gram of dry plant) and chlorogenic acid (0.84% to 2.88 mg per gram of dry plant) were found in the roots of all samples. Among the studied populations, the highest amount of major compounds (chicoric acid and chlorogenic acid) were observed in the aerial parts of the sample collected from the National Botanical Garden of Iran with 6.04 mg of chicoric acid and 5.37 mg chlorogenic acid per gram of dry plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
491 - Stability analysis of grain yield of Kabouli chickpea genotypes at spring sowing in cold area and rainfed conditions
يداله فرايديIn order to study the grain yield and stability of chickpea genotypes in spring planting under rainfed conditions and introduce the stable and high yielding genotypes, this survey was carried out with 18 Kabouli chickpea genotypes in randomized complete block design wit MoreIn order to study the grain yield and stability of chickpea genotypes in spring planting under rainfed conditions and introduce the stable and high yielding genotypes, this survey was carried out with 18 Kabouli chickpea genotypes in randomized complete block design with four replications during 2013-16 cropping seasons at Maragheh, Kordestan and Shirvan agriculture research stations. The results of combined ANOVA on grain yield showed that there were highly significant differences in years × location interactions. There was also noticeable differences in genotypes × year and genotype × location interactions. The highest average grain yield ( 904 kg. ha ) obtained at Maragheh in 2016 and the lowest ( 122 kg. ha ) was at Shirvan in 2014. The genotypes of Jam control ( 494 kg. ha ) and FLIP 06-88C ( 364.7 kg. ha ), Gazvin check ( 471 kg. ha ) , FLIP 93-58C ( 470.1 kg. ha), FLIP 86-6 C ( 466.3 kg. ha ), ILC 484 ( 465.6 kg. ha ) and FLIP 87-45C ( 464.3 kg. ha), produced more than 98% grain yield using variation range at years mean, Romer's environmental variance, Francis and Kannenburg's environmental coefficient variation, Lin and Binns' variance within places, and Rank non-parametric method indicated that FLIP 86-6C, FLIP 87-45C and FLIP 08-55C with high yielding more than mean and stability in most methods, were selected as superior and stable genotypes. FLIP 86-6C due to the highest 100 seed weight ( 34 gs. ) and plant height (27.6 cm ) was superior to the other genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
492 - The effect of cultivars, density and weed control on yield and yield components of rainfed chickpea
ارسلان فلاحي فرهاد صادقیTo evaluate the effect of chickpea cultivars ( Azad, Arman, Hashem and Adel ), three plant density ( 31.3, 38.5 and 50 m ) and weed control on yield and yield components of pea, an experiment was carried out on the farm of Agricultural Research Station, Razi University MoreTo evaluate the effect of chickpea cultivars ( Azad, Arman, Hashem and Adel ), three plant density ( 31.3, 38.5 and 50 m ) and weed control on yield and yield components of pea, an experiment was carried out on the farm of Agricultural Research Station, Razi University of Kermanshah in 2015. Design was conducted in factorial arrangement using randomized complete block design with three replications. The measured traits included the number of pods, main branch, seeds per pod, grains per plant, grain weight per plant, 100 grain weight, grain yield and biological yield. Analysis of variance showed that the effects of cultivars and weeding were significant for the traits at one percent. Effect of plant density and interactive cultivars × density were noticeable at the level of one percent for more characters except the number of seeds per pod and number of main branches per plant. Azad was the best cultivar with the greatest amount of seeds per plant, number of pods, number of main branches, weight of grains per plant, grain yield and biomass, 9.47, 8.89, 2.74, 2.59 gr and 1103 and 2953.8 kg. ha, respectively. Density of 31.3 perm2 was the most appropriate density for the number seed per plant, number of pods, seed weight per plant, biomass and grain yield per unit area, with 10.3, 9.44, 9.75, 3158 and 1114.7 kg ha respectively. According to our survey Hashem and Azad cultivars with the density of 31.3 plant per square meter together with weed control were the most suitable for the temperate region of Kermanshah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
493 - The Effect of Using Organic Zinc, Manganese, and Chromium Chelates on the Performance and Microflora of Broiler Chicken Caecum
Abolghasem Rezapour Shahabodin Gharahveysi کاوه جعفری خورشیدی روح الله عبدالله پورTo investigate the effect of using organic chelates of zinc, manganese, and chromium on the performance and microbial population of the caecum of broiler chickens, the present study was conducted. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design by 420-day-old MoreTo investigate the effect of using organic chelates of zinc, manganese, and chromium on the performance and microbial population of the caecum of broiler chickens, the present study was conducted. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design by 420-day-old broiler chickens of Ross 308 strain in 7 treatments, 5 repeats, and 15 birds per pen for 42 days. The treatments were 1) organic form of zinc, manganese, and chromium chelate, 2) organic form of zinc and manganese chelate, 3) organic form of zinc and chromium chelate, 4) organic form of manganese and chromium chelate, 5) organic form of manganese chelate, 6) organic form of zinc chelate and, 7) organic form of chromium chelate. Performance traits including feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were measured. At the end of the experiment, broiler chickens' cecum microflora was collected. Collected data were analyzed by LSmeans procedure in SAS statistical software. The effect of organic chelates on body weight in the initial period and feed conversion ratio in the growth period was significant (p < 0.05). The highest weight gain (176.6 grams) was observed in the treatment containing the organic form of chromium and the lowest weight gain (152.8 grams) was observed in the treatment containing the organic form of zinc. The highest value of feed conversion coefficient (1.1) was observed in the treatment containing the organic form of zinc, manganese, and chromium, and the lowest value (0.1) was observed in the treatment containing the organic form of chromium. The effect of organic chelates on the E. coli population of broiler cecum was significant (p < 0.05). The highest (5.65 LogCFU/g) and the lowest (5.15 LogCFU/g) E. coli bacteria populations were observed in treatments containing organic forms of zinc, manganese, and chromium and organic form of zinc, respectively. Considering the improvement of performance traits and cecum microflora of broiler chickens in this study, the use of organic chelates is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
494 - Growth Performance and Energy Utilization of broilers fed High and Low Metabolizable Energy Diets Supplemented with Multi-Enzyme
S.A. Moftakharzadeh H. Janmohammadi Samira Kian S. Sadeghi S. YousefiThis experiment was determined to investigate the effects of exogenous-enzyme addition to the high and low levels of metabolizable energy (ME), on performance, energy utilization and body composition of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal diets from 0 to 21 days of a MoreThis experiment was determined to investigate the effects of exogenous-enzyme addition to the high and low levels of metabolizable energy (ME), on performance, energy utilization and body composition of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal diets from 0 to 21 days of age. 240 one-d-old male Ross 308 broil-ers were used in a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial design, with six replicate cages per treatment. Two metabolizable energy level: 3150 or 2750 kcal/kg and two enzyme (with xylanase beta-glucanase, and phy-tase activity) level: 0 and 200 mg/kg dry matter (DM) were used. There was a main effect of energy (P<0.05) on feed intake of broilers and feeding 2750 kcal/kg ME diet increased feed intake (FI) of broilers in the whole period. The addition of enzyme to 2750 kcal/kg ME diet significantly (P<0.05) improved the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broiler chickens on 0-21 days of age (P<0.05). While net energy for production (NEp), NE, ME, organic matter, and dry matter digestibility were improved (P<0.05) by supplementing both energy level diets with enzyme at 21 d, only addition of enzyme to 2750 kcal/kg ME diet reduced heat production (HP) of broilers in the total trial (P<0.05). On day 21, the amount of NE improvement by enzyme supplementation was greater than ME for 2750 and 3150 kcal/kg, respectively. This study showed that NE is a more sensitive energy utilization measure than ME for evaluating the response of broilers to enzyme supplementation, and the energy retained as fat and protein in the body carcass was higher for the birds fed lower energy diet supplemented with enzyme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
495 - Evaluation of some phonological, morphological traits with yield and yield components of chickpea genotype in Fall planting under the dry farming condition
Abbas RanjbarA study of some phonological, morphological traits with yield and yield components of chickpea genotypes in Fall planting under dry farming condition was carried out through an experiment at Agricultural and Natural Research station of Ardabil in 2010-2011. The experime MoreA study of some phonological, morphological traits with yield and yield components of chickpea genotypes in Fall planting under dry farming condition was carried out through an experiment at Agricultural and Natural Research station of Ardabil in 2010-2011. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 15 chickpea genotypes with four replications. Characteristics were days of anthesis, poding , maturity, plant height, number of branches, number of fertile and non-fertile pod, number of seed per plant, 100-seed weight, biomass yield , harvest index and seed yield per plant. The results of variance analysis showed that all of studying traits except non-fertile pod per plant were significantly affected by experiment treatments. ( Flip 98-138C*Se 199 TER 85074)*SEL99TH15039 and CA9738007*SEL99TER85534 genotypes had maximum and minimum days to anthesis, respectively. The highest plant height belonged to Flip97-118C genotype and Local variety had the lowest value. This genotype had the highest branches per plant. CA9783007*SeL99TER 85534 genotype had the highest fertile pod and seed per plant, although the lowest seed number per plant belonged to Djam genotype. The highest 100-seed weight was obtained from ( ILC4291*Flip98-129C)*S98008 and S99326*SEL99TH15042 genotypes. This genotype had the highest biomass per plant and harvest index, too. There were positive and significant correlations between number of fertile pod and seed per plant, 100-seed weight, biomass and HI with seed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
496 - An investigation on the consequences of moral education in the collection of "good stories for good children" according to the human's quadruple relationships
Zahra Aminoroaya Zeinab sadat AthariThe purpose of the present study is hence "The Investigation of the Consequences of Moral Education in the Collection Of "Good Stories For Good Children" books according to the human's quadruple relationships. It was quantitative-qualitative in the case of method and it MoreThe purpose of the present study is hence "The Investigation of the Consequences of Moral Education in the Collection Of "Good Stories For Good Children" books according to the human's quadruple relationships. It was quantitative-qualitative in the case of method and it was conducted through content analysis. The Fifth and Eighth books were forgone due to the high congruity with the subject. Therefore, the unit of field included all the stories in the remaining six books containing 130 stories in 951 pages and the unit of analysis included half of the stories in these six books containing 64 stories in 421 pages. The applied tools in this study included the books under the title of "Good Stories for Good Children" and the content analysis checklist. The directed (comparative) content analysis method was used in the present study based on Meiring's theory. The validity of the recognized categories related to relationship components was confirmed with experts's investigation. The reliability of the identified categories, too, was achieved at 77.92% by using the Scott coefficient. The data analysis was done via the Shannon entropy method. These findings revealed that the author's attention in selecting the stories has been more on self-knowledge and anthropology and, godliness has been addressed independently; hence in order to make up the shortage of this collection in relationship with the environment, writing the related story books is necessary. Finally, it is suggested to use these stories in writing and compiling other books and story collections, especially textbooks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
497 - The Effect of "Philosophy for Children" Program as Community of Inquiry on Improving Interpersonal Relationship of Primary School's Students
Mehrnoush Hedayati Yahya Gha’edi Abdollah Shafiabadi Gholamreza YounesiAbstract To investigate the effect of community of inquiry method on improvement of interpersonal relationship skills, based on Lipman’s theory, an experiment was conducted in Tehran primary schools among students of third, fourth and fifth grade. 190 boy and gir MoreAbstract To investigate the effect of community of inquiry method on improvement of interpersonal relationship skills, based on Lipman’s theory, an experiment was conducted in Tehran primary schools among students of third, fourth and fifth grade. 190 boy and girl students were randomly selected (97 boys, 93 girls) and assigned to experimental and control groups (88 experimental, 102 control). The experimental group was taught based on community of inquiry method for twelve 90-minute sessions. Cooper, Ardly & Asher questionnaire for students and Vir & Davin questionnaire for teachers were used as the instruments of the study for collecting data about interpersonal relationship skills. To examine the effect of treatment, the collected data were analyzed using various descriptive and inferential statistical techniques such as mean, standard of deviation, ANOVA, paired and independent T test. The comparison of pre-test's means of both experimental and control group didn't show any significant difference. But the results of pre-test and post-test of both experimental and control group indicate that the mean of post-test in experimental group is relatively more than that of pre-test in interpersonal relationship skills while the mean score of control group hasn't undertaken a significant difference in post-test. Moreover, the mean of experimental group in post-test is higher than that of control group in post-test. Besides, to investigate insolubility of implementation effect, again the students were rechecked after 4 months. The results have indicated the insolubility of effect. Therefore, this semi-experimental study has shown that implementing community of inquiry method has positively affected interpersonal relationship skills of the experimental group. The effect that remained unchanged for at least 4 months. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
498 - WISC-R is alive in Iran: Standardization of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Revised (WISC-R) in the 15 years children
mehriar nadrmohammadi maryam shafiepourObjective: Due to the increasing use of the WISC-R in Iran clinical centers and not been standardized this test in 15 years old children. The purpose of this study was standardizing the WISC-R in 15 years old children.Method: This research was descriptive. 120 subjects MoreObjective: Due to the increasing use of the WISC-R in Iran clinical centers and not been standardized this test in 15 years old children. The purpose of this study was standardizing the WISC-R in 15 years old children.Method: This research was descriptive. 120 subjects (60 girls and 60 boys) were selected by random sampling in three age groups (4 months apart). Descriptive statistics parameters of raw scores of sub-scales were calculated and raw scores were converted to standard scores using non-linear transformation using Z table. The standard scores of each subscale were converted linearly to a scaled score with an average of 10 and standard deviation of 3 ss=((z*3)+10) . Reliability of verbal, performance and total subscales were evaluated the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The mean of verbal, performance and total intelligence was calculated.Results: For each of age groups obtained convert tables for transformation raw scores to scaled scores. The mean and standard deviation of row scores in all three age groups were calculated in 12 subscales. Using the scores of the 10 original subscales, the average of verbal, performance and the full scale intelligence respectively were VIQ=96.93, PIQ=97.12 FSIQ=96.69. The average relibility (Cronbach's alpha) of the verbal, performance and total subscales respectively were α=0.82, 0.71, 0.84. Conclusion: Regarding these results, it can be stated that WISC-R can be used to determine the intelligence in 15 years old students and until the standardization of the latest versions of WISC conversion tables can be used by counselors, psychologists for this age group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
499 - psychometric properties of the third version of the system of assessment of children's behavior (BASC-3) in students with learning disabilities
Sheyda Sanaii Shohreh Shokrzadeh Kambiz KamkariIn the present Research, the psychometric properties of the third version of the system of assessment of children's behavior in students with learning disabilities were discussed. The main question was thus elaborated on whether the third version of the system for measu MoreIn the present Research, the psychometric properties of the third version of the system of assessment of children's behavior in students with learning disabilities were discussed. The main question was thus elaborated on whether the third version of the system for measuring children's behavior in students with learning disabilities characterized by Is it desirable to have a psychometric measurement? The present research is in the field of psychometric planning. The present Research population is comprised of all students with learning disabilities who have referred to Tehran's learning disability centers. Therefore, 120 samples were selected as sample through a targeted sampling method. The third version of the child's behavior assessment system, which has a valid and reliable validity in the original version, was selected. Finally, the results of the research showed that the third version of the child's behavior assessment system using two alpha-Cronbach methods and Spilit-halph with Spearman-Brown correction was used to examine the validity coefficients of the coefficients of 0.84 and 0.83 Which indicates that the internal consistency is desirable; also, the coefficient of stability in the present Research is 0.83 which indicates the repeatability of the Instrument. Finally, in order to verify the validity of the construct, confirmatory factor analysis was used and it was determined that the share of factor loading is the third version of the child behavior assessment system 67/03 and, given that it is more than 40%, it is stated that The third version of the children's behavior assessment system for emotional and behavioral screening is appropriate for students with learning disabilities and the questions of the Instrument can be used to screen the emotional and behavioral patterns of students with learning disabilities. Also, in accordance with the concurrent criterion, the correlation between the emotional and behavioral screening system with the Rutter behavioral disorder questionnaire was used and the correlation coefficient was 0.60 which indicates that the criterion validity is of the same type. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
500 - Developing a Philosophy-Based Curriculum for children with an exploratory approach in the fourth elementary school
tahereh nezamianpoor ladan salimi vahid fallahThe purpose of the research is to develop a curriculum for the teaching of philosophy for children with an exploratory approach in the fourth elementary school. This research has been conducted as a qualitative research using qualitative case study method. Participants MoreThe purpose of the research is to develop a curriculum for the teaching of philosophy for children with an exploratory approach in the fourth elementary school. This research has been conducted as a qualitative research using qualitative case study method. Participants in the qualitative section were professionals, scholars, and researchers in the field of philosophy and curriculum. Using the snowball sampling technique and theoretical saturation, interviews were conducted with keynote speakers. Using the findings, the curriculum framework for legal education for high school philosophy for children with scientific research approach was developed for the fourth elementary element in the form of four design elements and curriculum. The content elements include (classification, allegory, total relationship, and other, the relation of the medium and the purpose and the meanings) the element of the method included (discussion Group development, group development, question and answer, narrator intervention, thought expression, brainstorming, scientific excavation) and evaluation (internal, process, outsourcing, feedback) were considered in curriculum design and design Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
501 - A Comparative Study of Islam and Divid Vikart’s View on Early Childhood Education
محمدحسین Heydari Sh Hosseini زهره SaadatmandAbstractIncreasing number of applicants for early childhood education, the need for working parents and the need of society, and solving existing problems in childhood education demonstrate the necessity of providing quality and rich programs in this course. For this re MoreAbstractIncreasing number of applicants for early childhood education, the need for working parents and the need of society, and solving existing problems in childhood education demonstrate the necessity of providing quality and rich programs in this course. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to compare the teachings of Islam and Divid Vikart in the field of early childhood education. This qualitative research utilized a transcendental analytic method. In the findings section, first, through coding, the content of ViKart’s works were analyzed, through which concepts such as education and learning based on growth, active learning, applying the problem solving method, all-round growth, observational measurement, and having a relationship between home and school were identified. About the education of preschool children, in Islamic teachings too, some concepts, such as Islamic-based education, the development of thinking skills, interaction of the home, society and preschool centers, alternative measurements (real), child-centered, the development of national children's identities, attention to differences, the decentralized curriculum and all-round education were identified and introduced. Through reviewing the Codified concepts, the similarities and differences between the views of Islam and Vikart were appeared in the field of early childhood education. As a result, according to the findings, it is expected that, in line with the effectiveness of early childhood education programs and the growth and development of children, from the findings of this research can be used in order to insight into the goals, content, principles, methods and the manner of evaluation of early childhood education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
502 - Managing the factors influencing the spiritual education of preschool children by presenting a model
mahdi bayati سید شمس الدین Hashemi علیرضا Faghihi۱۱۷۹/۵۰۰۰The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the spiritual education of preschool children and provide a model. In terms of purpose, research can be considered as applied research and in terms of mixed nature (qualitative and quantitative). The More۱۱۷۹/۵۰۰۰The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the spiritual education of preschool children and provide a model. In terms of purpose, research can be considered as applied research and in terms of mixed nature (qualitative and quantitative). The research community in the qualitative section (extraction of factors affecting children's spiritual upbringing) were related internal and external sources, which were selected using targeted sampling method and snowball and helped the researcher to saturate the information. In the quantitative section, the total number of preschool teachers in the north, south, east, west and center of Tehran was 5,000, and according to Karajsi and Morgan table, 358 of them were estimated as a sample and through stratified sampling method. O were selected in proportion to the volume ... The research findings in the qualitative section indicated that the spiritual education of preschool children is influenced by three main factors: sense of awareness, sense of worth and mystical feeling. In the quantitative section, the instructors of the preschool course in Tehran confirmed the validity of the extracted model. Therefore, policy makers and curriculum planners in preschool and elementary school can take appropriate measures to implement the desired and quality of spiritual development by using the conceptual model extracted. Instructors will also be able to apply the existing model based on practical teaching experiences to have more meaningful spiritual teaching. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
503 - Provide a practical model for improving the health quality of primary school children through life skills training
Farah Abbasi Hamidreza Motamed Alireza Ghasemi ZadThe aim of this study was to provide a practical model for improving the quality of health of primary school children through life skills training. The nature of research in terms of implementation is qualitative (phenomenological). The sample size (25 people) was selec MoreThe aim of this study was to provide a practical model for improving the quality of health of primary school children through life skills training. The nature of research in terms of implementation is qualitative (phenomenological). The sample size (25 people) was selected from among primary school teachers in Bushehr province based on a purposeful method. Data collection continued through in-depth interviews until saturation. Validity of the research instrument was performed by 10 experts through the technique of auditing and reliability of the collected information based on the criteria: acceptability, transferability, reliability, and verifiability. After coding the data, 93 key phrases, 12 sub-themes and five general themes were extracted as practical strategies for improving children's health as follows: Cognitive skills (self-awareness, decision-making); Preventive skills (health assistants, life accident training); Intellectual skills (problem solving thinking, creative thinking, critical thinking, media literacy); Communication skills (effective communication with others, mutual empathy); Coping skills (developing emotional intelligence, stress management, emotion management). The research model was drawn based on general themes. Teaching life skills as an independent subject in primary school was recommended by most teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
504 - Guardianship and adoption in Shahnameh Ferdowsi according to convention of children’s rights (1989)
somayeh ershadi Ahmad ZakeriAbstract The relationship between guardianship and adoption is a legal one. It has certain characteristics and necessitates special circumstances which according to its historical background and particular outlook in ancient Persia, various examples of it are seen MoreAbstract The relationship between guardianship and adoption is a legal one. It has certain characteristics and necessitates special circumstances which according to its historical background and particular outlook in ancient Persia, various examples of it are seen in Shahnameh. The purpose of this study is to examine different aspects of the rights of these adopted children in Shahnameh and to analyze the cases according to the articles of the convention of children’s rights. This document, Shahnameh is the first international agreement which supports the children’s rights and respects the same rights and privileges of a natural child for the adopted ones to the best interests of child. Different studies demonstrate that the guardianship and adoptions in Shahnameh had roots in social, political, and cultural factors and the economic coercion by no means had any role in the affair, the main concern being the cultivation and raising of children irrespective of winning the benefits gained in the process. The overall attention of the guardians towards the rights of these children are indeed praiseworthy. The emotional aspect in particular is an integral part of the guardian’s responsibility unlike the weak performances seen from some families in this regard. Keywords: Guardianship, adoption, the convention of children’s rights, child, Shahnameh Ferdowsi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
505 - Romanticism from England to Iran: A glance at the manifestation of Romanticism in the poetry of William Blake and Parvin E’tesami
Maryam KhademThe purpose of this article is to explain the school of Romanticism, speak of its root, discuss its characteristics, and to discuss lyrical poetry in this school, hence to take another step towards making this school better known. Then upon discussing the subject MoreThe purpose of this article is to explain the school of Romanticism, speak of its root, discuss its characteristics, and to discuss lyrical poetry in this school, hence to take another step towards making this school better known. Then upon discussing the subject of manifestation of Romanticism in the Persian literary style, an analytical comparison was made between “ the chimney Sweeper” composed by William Blake and “ Orphan Child” composed by Parvin E’tesami to exemplify the influence of this trend in the poetry of these two poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
506 - Evaluation of factor structure, validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5)
ali pirzad ghasem ahiThere have been major changes in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) compared to previous versions. This study was aimed to examine the factor structure, validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 ( MoreThere have been major changes in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) compared to previous versions. This study was aimed to examine the factor structure, validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5). In this descriptive study with factor analysis approach, 300 students aged 12 to 18 years old in Birjand were selected by cluster sampling method and were evaluated by using Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders- short form (SCARED-71). The results of the study showed that the internal validity of the part I I and part II of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5) were in range of 0.71 to 0.90 and 0.65 to 0.91, respectively. The criterion validity of the scale by using Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders- short form (SCARED-71) showed that there is a significant positive correlation between the YAM-5 and components of SCARED-71, in a range of 0.12 to 0.74. Validity in the internal consistency showed that the correlation between each of the five components together that set in a range of 0.38 to 0.56 were lower than correlation between each of the five components and total score that set in a range of 0.69 to 0.83. According to the results of this study, the importance of measuring anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, the lack of suitable standardized tools in our country, and the validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5), it is recommended to professionals and researchers to use this tool Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
507 - Comparing executive functions inhibition response and sustained attention in children with learning disabilities in mathematics and normal children
Majid Mahmood Alilou Toraj Hashemi Nosratabad Abolfazle FallahiExecutive functions, are higher cognitive and meta-cognitive functions which fulfills a collection of high capacity, inhibition, self-starting, strategic planning, cognitive flexibility and control of impulse. This aim of this study was to compare executive functions re MoreExecutive functions, are higher cognitive and meta-cognitive functions which fulfills a collection of high capacity, inhibition, self-starting, strategic planning, cognitive flexibility and control of impulse. This aim of this study was to compare executive functions response inhibition and sustained attention in children with learning disabilities in mathematics and normal children. To this end, in a comparative ex post facto study the statistical population were pupils in fourth and fifth grade of elementary from Tabriz city. 30 children with learning disabilities were selected and matched from available samples and multi-stage cluster from this population (disabilities in mathematics and normal children), in terms of intelligence. The participants were tested in terms of executive functions response inhibition and sustained attention. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that there is a significant difference between normal children and children with learning disabilities in mathematics, in terms of executive functions inhibition response and sustained attention. The results indicated that children with learning disabilities in mathematics had weaker performance than normal in terms of executive functions response inhibition and sustained attention. Therefore, for treatment interventions for these children, more attention should be paid to the role of executive function deficits Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
508 - Psychometric analysis scale of dysfunctional attitude towards children and adolescents
Omid Shokri Hossein Pour Shahriar Maryam Aghayi Mohammad Hossein Sanayi pourDepression schemas appear in the form of dysfunctional attitude and they are effective at all stages of information and process of information processing, including receiving, code switching and retrieving information from memory and the surroundings. The ai MoreDepression schemas appear in the form of dysfunctional attitude and they are effective at all stages of information and process of information processing, including receiving, code switching and retrieving information from memory and the surroundings. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric version of children and adolescents scale of dysfunctional attitude among Iranian group of adolescents. To this end, through a descriptive study, 214 adolescents (96 males and 118 females) were tested with DAS-CA dysfunctional attitude scale. Factorial validity of dysfunctional attitude scale was assessed using principal component analysis and internal consistency using cronbach's alpha dysfunctional attitude scale. To study the construct validity, the correlation coefficient between dimensions of the dysfunctional attitude scale was studied with positive emotion. Principal components analysis with Oblimin rotation indicated that dysfunctional attitude scale has been formed of two factor of individual-oriented perfectionism, and community-based perfectionism (the need for social approval). The results of the correlation between dimensions of dysfunctional attitude with positive emotion supports the construct validity of the scale of dysfunctional attitudes, empirically. Values of coefficient internal consistency of dysfunctional attitude scale for individual-oriented perfectionism, and community-based perfectionism are 72.0 and 78.0, respectively. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that dysfunctional attitude scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the concept of dysfunctional attitudes in Iranian adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
509 - Psychometric properties and factor structure of children and adolescents' hopelessness scale
Vahid Nejati Nasrin Esmaielian Omid AmaniHopelessness, or negative expectations about the future is an emotional state, in which the subset of the main emotion is sadness. It causes depression and helplessness and kills one’s motivation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliabil MoreHopelessness, or negative expectations about the future is an emotional state, in which the subset of the main emotion is sadness. It causes depression and helplessness and kills one’s motivation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the children and adolescents' hopelessness scale in Iran’s society. To this end, 244 students from 8 to 15 years of age in Tehran city were tested by children and adolescence’s hopelessness scale and children's hope scale. Exploratory factor analysis indicted that children’s hopelessness scale has a three factor scale. There was a negative correlation and significant difference between the lack of understanding the way to achieve the objectives, lack of feeling subjectivity, the total score of children and adolescence’s hopelessness scale with the received hope scale. This reflected the divergent validity of the children’s hope scale. Findings indicated internal consistency and eligible reliability of this scale in Iranian students. Many studies support the results of the current research and confirm the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. In this research, a promising evidence about the psychometric properties of children and adolescence’s hopelessness scale was received in Iranian society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
510 - Fabrication and Evaluation of Morphological, Structural and Biocompatibility Properties of Chitosan Nanofibrous Scaffolds Coated with ZIF-8 Metal-organic Framework for Application in Wound Dressing
Mahdi HasanzadehIn this study, chitosan-based nanofibrous scaffold was produced for application in wound dressing by electrospinning method. Then, the zinc-based metal-organic framework (ZIF-8) was in situ synthesized method on nanofibrous scaffold. The effect of growth time of ZIF-8 c MoreIn this study, chitosan-based nanofibrous scaffold was produced for application in wound dressing by electrospinning method. Then, the zinc-based metal-organic framework (ZIF-8) was in situ synthesized method on nanofibrous scaffold. The effect of growth time of ZIF-8 crystals on chitosan nanofibrous scaffolds was studied in order to achieve a uniform and continuous coating. The morphology and structure of the produced scaffolds were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In order to evaluate the potential of fabricated scaffolds in wound dressing, surface wettability, antibacterial activity, biocompatibility and cell viability were also investigated. The electron microscope images showed that after 30 minutes, ZIF-8 nanoparticles grew with a relatively uniform distribution with an average size of 80 nm on the chitosan scaffold. The results showed that the scaffolds were biocompatible after 24 hours of cell culture and also had antibacterial properties against Gram-negative and Gram-positive Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Due to the appropriate structural and morphological properties as well as the appropriate biocompatibility and antibacterial performance of the nanofibrous scaffold coated with a metal-organic framework, it can be used as a suitable candidate in wound dressing applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
511 - Efficacy of some post-emergence herbicides in controlling chickpea weeds (Cicer arietinum L) in south of Kerman.
Mostafa Khajeh Heydari Seyed Ahmad Hosseini behrouz Khalil Tahmasbi Mohammad Reza Dehghani Mohammad RoozkhoshChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important legumes. In order to investigate the efficacy of some post-emergence herbicides on the control of chickpea weeds in the south of kerman, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 8 t MoreChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important legumes. In order to investigate the efficacy of some post-emergence herbicides on the control of chickpea weeds in the south of kerman, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments (6 herbicides and 2 control) and four replications in the farm of Jiroft university research center in 2020. Treatments were using herbicides application post-emergence in 2-4-leafy stage of weeds, including bentazone (Basagran M®, 3 L ha-1), bensulfuron-methyl (Londax® 3 L ha-1), bentazone (3 L ha-1 Basagran M®) + hand weeding, penoxsulam (Rezlan®,1.5 L ha-1), oxadiazon + oxyfluorfen (Ronstar®+ Goal®, 1.5 + 2 L ha-1) and imazethapyr (Pursuit®, 1.5 L ha-1), weed-infested and weed-free controls. Fresh and dry weight of weeds, the density of weeds, the total density of chickpea, as well as the visual damage to weeds and chickpea in each treatment were measured. Results showed that there was a significant difference among the herbicide treatments. The highest yield of chickpeas (2690 kg/ha) was observed in hand weeding control treatment (weed-free), oxadiazon + oxyfluorfen (2660 kg/ha) and bensulfuron-methyl (2216 kg/ha) were in the next orders. The lowest chickpea yield was observed in the weed infested treatment (540 kg/ha). Application of oxadiazon + oxyfluorfen and bensulfuron-methyl as post-emergence were the most appropriate treatments to control weeds in winter pea fields in the south of Kerman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
512 - Analysis of the effect of the aspect of income and assets of household resources on children's behavioral problems
Azim Aran Roya Aleemran Majid Ahmadlu Mohammad NarimaniChildren's behavioral problems are caused by limited family resources during childhood. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to analyze children's behavioral problems with an emphasis on the aspect of income and assets of household resources. This research is p MoreChildren's behavioral problems are caused by limited family resources during childhood. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to analyze children's behavioral problems with an emphasis on the aspect of income and assets of household resources. This research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and causal in method and nature. The statistical population is households that have at least one school-aged child and has no geographic limits. The sample was selected by non-probability, random method and the sample size was selected using Morgan's table and the statistical population being unlimited 384 households. The method of research is library and field, the instrument used is a questionnaire, due to the qualitative and two-dimensional nature of the variable, the logit model was used. Based on the estimation results of the model "Owning a house and personal car at the age of 8" and "Household income at the age of 6" the child was significant. Based on the results of final effects estimation, having a house at the age of 8 years reduces the probability of problems by 0.088. which can be caused by the peace resulting from stability in the place of residence. Having a car at the age of 8 and household income at the age of 6 increases the probability of a problem by 0.069 and 0.018, respectively. The reason can be related to the insistence of children at a young age to drive and not agreeing the parents to it, the lack of balance in the demands and fulfilling them respectively, although the latter case is different from the existing theories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
513 - Effectiveness of group counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on self-compassion and family resilience of mothers of children
Mahmoud Fatahi Assadolah Vesii Omid MoradiThe purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of the treatment method based on acceptance and commitment to self-compassion, and family resilience of mothers exceptional Children. This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test with a c MoreThe purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of the treatment method based on acceptance and commitment to self-compassion, and family resilience of mothers exceptional Children. This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test with a control group and a follow-up period of 5 months. Sampling was done by simple random sampling. From the list of statistical population (24) people were selected using random numbers and were placed in two groups under the title of 1- experimental group of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and 2- control group. The educational intervention was developed using the protocol of Hayes, Strosal, (2012) treatment sessions with a little summary, and 8- 2-hour sessions were conducted for the experimental group. The method of data analysis was multivariate analysis of covariance (ANOVA). The software (SPSS 22) was used for data analysis. Questionnaires of self-compassion (Neff, 2003) and family resilience (Sixbey, 2005) were used as tools. The results showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment in the way of group counseling increases self-compassion and family resilience. Mothers of educable children have an effect and this effect was stable in the 5-month follow-up stage. According to the findings of this research, the group counseling method of treatment based on acceptance and commitment can be used to increase self-compassion and family resilience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
514 - The effect of comprehensive school physical activity program on social skills of children with developmental coordination disorder
Shirin Moomivand Behnam Maleki Negar Arazeshi Zahra EntezariMovement skills allow the child to gain more control over her living environment. The present study was conducted with the aim of the impact of Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP) on developmental coordination disorder. The present study was semi-expe MoreMovement skills allow the child to gain more control over her living environment. The present study was conducted with the aim of the impact of Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP) on developmental coordination disorder. The present study was semi-experimental of applied type with a pre-test and post-test design. The studied population was 9-12-year-old female students of Khorramabad city, among them 30 children who were diagnosed with developmental coordination disorder by the MABC-2 test were selected from six schools in the academic year ۱۴۰۲-۱۴۰۳ due to the research entry criteria. And they were randomly divided into two experimental groups (comprehensive school physical activity program) and the control group. The tools used for data collection are the revised version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ-7). Exercise programs were implemented in three time periods before school in two breaks at school and after school (with the presence of parents in Madras) for 8 weeks and 5 days each week. To analyze the data, correlated T-test and covariance analysis were used using SPSS version 19 software. The findings showed that 8 weeks of the school's comprehensive physical activity program had a positive and significant effect on the developmental coordination disorder. Developmental coordination disorder a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in fine and gross motor coordination that significantly affects a child's activities of daily living or school productivity. The results of this research were the improvement of social skills and quality of life with developmental coordination disorder following the CSPAP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
515 - The Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Arginine and Rice Hull on Growth Performance, Immune Responses, Intestinal Morphology, Tibia Bone Mineral Content and Intestinal Microbial Population of Broiler Chickens
M. Abbasabadi S.M. Hosseini H. Naeimipour F. Izadi YazdanabadiArginine and fibers may have positive effects on gastrointestinal tract and indirectly affect immune re-sponses, growth performance, intestinal morphology and microbial population. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of arginine and ric MoreArginine and fibers may have positive effects on gastrointestinal tract and indirectly affect immune re-sponses, growth performance, intestinal morphology and microbial population. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of arginine and rice hull on growth performance, immune re-sponses, intestinal morphology and intestinal microbial population of broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty male broiler chickens were randomly allocated into nine dietary treatments with four replications of 10 broiler chickens based on a factorial arrangement (3×3) in a completely randomized design. Experimen-tal treatments were including basal diets supplemented with arginine (90, 100, and 110% recommended levels), and fiber (0.00, 2.50, and 5.00%). Growth performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology, tibia bone mineral content and intestinal microbial population of broiler chickens were measured. The ef-fects of dietary inclusion of rice hull, arginine, and their interactions were significant on average daily gain (P<0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.05), so that highest gain and the lowest feed conversion ratio were observed in broiler chickens fed with highest levels of arginine (110.00%) and fiber (5.00%). Dietary supplementation of arginine progressively increased immune responses (P<0.05), while inclusion of rice hull increased villus height and crypt depth (P<0.05) and decreased the concentrations of calcium (P<0.05), phosphorous (P<0.05) and magnesium (P<0.05). The inclusion of arginine (P<0.05), and fiber (P<0.05) in higher levels increased Lactobacilli population (P<0.05). In total, higher levels of fiber (5.00%) and arginine (110.00%) improved the growth performance and are suggested in diet of broiler chickens for improving growth performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
516 - Allelopathic potancial of Ziziphora clinopodioides on germination indices and initial growth of chickpea and soybean
Behrouz Babaeinjad Jafar Alboghbeish Alireza Dadkhah Majid RostamiTo determine the allelopathic potential of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. on seed germination and seedling growth of chickpea and soybean in laboratory condition, an experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications and six treatments was carried ou MoreTo determine the allelopathic potential of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. on seed germination and seedling growth of chickpea and soybean in laboratory condition, an experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications and six treatments was carried out including distilled water as control, aqueous extract concentrations of Z. clinopodioides by 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15% (w/v) at Complex Higher Education of Shirvan during 2014. Germination percentage and rate, seedling shoot and root length, dry weight of chickpea and soybean significantly affected by aqueous extract concentrations of Z. clinopodioides in 5% probability levels. Germination percentage and rate of chickpea and soybean significantly decreased by increasing extract concentration. The most inhibitive effect was observed in 15%, that germination percentage of chickpea and soybean decreased by 17.5 and 23.5%, respectively compared to control. Z. clinopodioides extract had more inhibitive on germination rate than germination percentage. Z. clinopodioides aqueous extract significantly delayed the germination of chickpea and soybean. With increasing concentration of aqueous extract of shoot and root inhibition was more impressed than chickpea and soybean. Shoot and root dry weight of soybean showed more reduction than seedling dry weight of chickpea. However, shoot and root dry weight of soybean seedling decreased by 82.2 and 67% respectively, compared to control, while shoot and root dry weight of chickpea seedling decreased by 60 and 53.2%, respectively. According to the inhibitory effect of Z. clinopodioiedes, on growth of chickpea and soybean in farms growing perennial herbs such as Z. clinopodioiedes is not recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
517 - Agronomic characteristics, yield and yield components of some rain-fed chickpea cultivars by supplemental irrigation
Behrooz Karimi amin farniyaIn order to study the effects of some agronomic traits of rain-fed chickpea cultivars on yield and yield components in supplemental irrigation condition, a field experiment was conducted at Mahidasht Agricultural Research Station of Kermanshah province during 2007 cropi MoreIn order to study the effects of some agronomic traits of rain-fed chickpea cultivars on yield and yield components in supplemental irrigation condition, a field experiment was conducted at Mahidasht Agricultural Research Station of Kermanshah province during 2007 croping season.The experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. supplemental irrigation treatments including control (I0), Irrigation at 50% flowering (I1) and Irrigation at podding (I2) were considered as the main factor and four chickpea varieties of Bivaniej Local, ILC482, FLIP93-93 and Hashem were arranged in sub factors. Measured traits were plant height, number of pods per branch, number of pods per main stem, number of pods per plant, 100-grain weight, grain yield and grain size. Results showed significant effect of supplemental irrigation on plant height, number of pods per main stem, number of pods per branch, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, grain size, grain yield, 100-grain weight and biological yield. Based on the results, supplementalirrigation at podding stage was the most effective traetment in increasing yield and yield components. Yield and yield components increase were also higher in FLIP93-93 and Hashem cultivar than others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
518 - Effect of Guanidino Acetic Acid Supplementation in Soybean Meal and Canola Meal-Based Diets on Broiler Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Liver Enzymes, and Intestinal Morphology
F.S. Mirsalehi B. Dastar O. Ashayerizadeh R. MirshekarA total of 288 Ross 308 broiler chickens (mixed sex) were used to investigate the effect of supplemental guanidino acetic acid (GAA) to soybean meal (SBM) and canola meal (CM) based diets on growth per-formance, carcass characteristics, liver enzymes, and morphometric i MoreA total of 288 Ross 308 broiler chickens (mixed sex) were used to investigate the effect of supplemental guanidino acetic acid (GAA) to soybean meal (SBM) and canola meal (CM) based diets on growth per-formance, carcass characteristics, liver enzymes, and morphometric indexes. Birds were randomly assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 types of oil seed meal (SBM and CM) and 2 levels of GAA (0 and 0.6 g/kg) with six replicates in each. The results indicated that birds fed with CM diet had significantly lower feed intake and body weight gain and a worse feed conversion ratio than those fed with SBM diet (P<0.05). Supplementing GAA to the CM diet but not to the SBM diet led to increased feed intake so that the value was similar to those birds receiving the SBM diet as a statistical point (P<0.05), while the improvement of body weight gain was not achieved completely. Carcass, breast, and thigh yields were statistically lower in birds fed the CM diet than those fed the SBM diet, while the abdominal fat and liver weight were higher (P<0.05). Neither type of oil seed meal nor GAA significantly affected the liver enzymes and nitric oxide concentrations, as well as gut mor-phometric indexes (P<0.05). It can be concluded that supplementing 0.6 g/kg GAA to the CM-based diet to some extent improves the growth performance of broiler chickens, and more content may be needed for complete improvement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
519 - Performance Characteristics, and Behavior Indices of Broiler Chickens in Response to Color and Form of the Feed
M.A. Mesmarian M. ToghyaniThree experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feed color or feed form on feed preference, growth performance, and behavior indices of broilers. In experiment 1, 60 one-day-old broilers were dis-tributed in 3 vast floor pens whereby broilers of each pen w MoreThree experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feed color or feed form on feed preference, growth performance, and behavior indices of broilers. In experiment 1, 60 one-day-old broilers were dis-tributed in 3 vast floor pens whereby broilers of each pen were offered a non-colored feed as well as green, blue, and red colored diets. Broilers preferred to consume higher amounts of green or non-colored feed than those offered with blue and red diets (P<0.05) across the entire rearing period. In experiment 2, 240 one-day-old broilers were assigned to one of 4 treatments, comprising five replicates per treatment in a com-pletely randomized design. Dietary treatments included a control (non-colored diet) and diets with blue, green, or red colors. The most significant duration of tonic immobility was observed in broilers fed red feed, while the lowest duration was observed in birds fed blue diet (P<0.05). Feeding, preening, and aggres-sive behavior were higher in birds fed on green feed than those received a control diet (P<0.05). In experi-ment 3, 360 one- day-old chicks were allotted to 6 experimental treatments of a non-colored mash diet; non-colored pelleted feed; non-colored mash + non-colored pelleted diet; non-colored mash + blue color pel-leted feed; non-colored mash + green color pelleted feed; and non-colored mash + red color pelleted feed. Broilers fed non-colored pelleted feed had the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter, grow-ing, and entire rearing periods (P<0.05). Overall, broilers preferred to consume a colored diet. Feeding pel-leted feed improved the growth performance of broilers regardless of feed color. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
520 - Effectiveness of Language Skills Promotion Package Based on Cognitive Rehabilitation on Cognitive Performance of Children with Specific Language Impairment
پرستو شیرزادی Salar Faramarzi Samira Vakili Mohammad Parsa AziziAbstract The aim of the current study was determining the effectiveness of language skills promotion package based on cognitive rehabilitation on cognitive performance of children with Specific Language Impairment. The present research method was a mixed exploratory ty MoreAbstract The aim of the current study was determining the effectiveness of language skills promotion package based on cognitive rehabilitation on cognitive performance of children with Specific Language Impairment. The present research method was a mixed exploratory type. The statistical population of the research included all children aged 5 to 7 years with Specific Language Impairment who had referred to speech therapy centers in Borujerd in the academic year of 2022-2023, out of which 30 children were selected by purposive sampling method and they were randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The tools used included the Wechsler IQ scale for children (fourth version), semi-structured clinical interview and a questionnaire measuring neuropsychological skills in preschool children. In the following, interventions to improve language skills based on cognitive rehabilitation, after designing and evaluating content validity, were presented to the samples of the experimental group during 12 sessions of 45 minutes, and then the data were analyzed by repeated variance analysis. The results showed that the effect of language skills promotion package based on cognitive rehabilitation on the cognitive performance of the experimental group subjects in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages is significant (P < 0.01). In general, it can be said that the language skills promotion package based on cognitive rehabilitation has led to the improvement of cognitive performance in children with Specific Language Impairment, and therefore, this package can be used as an intervention method to improve the cognitive performance of these children. Keywords: Language Skills, Cognitive Performance, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Children with Specific Language Impairment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
521 - The Role of Childhood Trauma Dimensions in Predicting Components of Students' Emotional Intelligence
Ameneh Bakhshizadeh Hossein Ebrahimi Moghaddam Malek MirahashemiAbstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between dimensions of childhood trauma in predicting dimensions of emotional intelligence. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included students of I MoreAbstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between dimensions of childhood trauma in predicting dimensions of emotional intelligence. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included students of Islamic Azad University, Roudhen Branch, aged 20 and above, with no history of any neurological or psychiatric disorders, no acquired brain injury leading to a loss of consciousness for more than 1 minute, no substance abuse in the past 6 months (self-reported), and no history of neurological disorders (such as epilepsy), who were studying in the academic year 2021-2022. A total of 336 students were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (1998) (SSEIT) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (2003) (CTQ). Data analysis was conducted using multiple regression with SPSS-27 software. The results showed that emotional abuse was the strongest predictor of problems in students' emotional intelligence. In the dimensions of emotional intelligence, for emotion regulation, sexual abuse was the strongest predictor (β = -0.24, P < 0.001), and for emotion assessment and utilization of emotions, emotional abuse was the strongest predictor (β = -0.36, P < 0.001 and β = -0.26, P < 0.001, respectively). Consequently, it can be concluded that childhood trauma affects emotional intelligence capabilities. Therefore, it is suggested that therapists can play a significant role in reducing the negative impacts of childhood trauma by enhancing emotional intelligence skills. Keywords: Childhood trauma, Emotional Intelligence, Emotional Abuse Manuscript profile
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