Growth Performance and Energy Utilization of broilers fed High and Low Metabolizable Energy Diets Supplemented with Multi-Enzyme
Subject Areas : Poultry NutritionS.A. Moftakharzadeh 1 , H. Janmohammadi 2 , Samira Kian 3 , S. Sadeghi 4 , S. Yousefi 5
1 - Department of Animal Research, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 - Department of ELT, Khouzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. Department of ELT, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
5 - Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
Keywords: β-glucanase, body composition, broiler chickens, energy retention, net energy, xylanase,
Abstract :
This experiment was determined to investigate the effects of exogenous-enzyme addition to the high and low levels of metabolizable energy (ME), on performance, energy utilization and body composition of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal diets from 0 to 21 days of age. 240 one-d-old male Ross 308 broil-ers were used in a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial design, with six replicate cages per treatment. Two metabolizable energy level: 3150 or 2750 kcal/kg and two enzyme (with xylanase beta-glucanase, and phy-tase activity) level: 0 and 200 mg/kg dry matter (DM) were used. There was a main effect of energy (P<0.05) on feed intake of broilers and feeding 2750 kcal/kg ME diet increased feed intake (FI) of broilers in the whole period. The addition of enzyme to 2750 kcal/kg ME diet significantly (P<0.05) improved the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broiler chickens on 0-21 days of age (P<0.05). While net energy for production (NEp), NE, ME, organic matter, and dry matter digestibility were improved (P<0.05) by supplementing both energy level diets with enzyme at 21 d, only addition of enzyme to 2750 kcal/kg ME diet reduced heat production (HP) of broilers in the total trial (P<0.05). On day 21, the amount of NE improvement by enzyme supplementation was greater than ME for 2750 and 3150 kcal/kg, respectively. This study showed that NE is a more sensitive energy utilization measure than ME for evaluating the response of broilers to enzyme supplementation, and the energy retained as fat and protein in the body carcass was higher for the birds fed lower energy diet supplemented with enzyme.
Adeola O., Jendza J., Southern L., Powell S. and Owusu-Asiedu A. (2010). Contribution of exogenous dietary carbohydrases to the metabolizable energy value of corn distillers grains for broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 89, 1947-1954.
Alam M., Howlider M., Pramanik M. and Haque M. (2003). Effect of exogenous enzyme in diet on broiler performance. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 2, 168-173.
AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Barekatain M., Noblet J., Wu S., Iji P., Choct M. and Swick R. (2014). Effect of sorghum distillers dried grains with solubles and microbial enzymes on metabolizable and net energy values of broiler diets. Poult. Sci. 93, 2793-2801.
Bregendahl K., Sell J. and Zimmerman D. (2002). Effect of low-protein diets on growth performance and body composition of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 81, 1156-1167.
De Groote G. (1974). A comparison of a new net energy system with the metabolisable energy system in broiler diet formulation, performance and profitability. Br. Poult. Sci. 15, 75-95.
Fan C., Han X., Xu Z., Wang L. and Shi L. (2009). Effects of β glucanase and xylanase supplementation on gastrointestinal digestive enzyme activities of weaned piglets fed a barley based diet. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 93, 271-276.
Hashemipour H., Khaksar V., Rubio L., Veldkamp T. and Van Krimpen M. (2016). Effect of feed supplementation with a thymol plus carvacrol mixture, in combination or not with an nsp-degrading enzyme, on productive and physiological parameters of broilers fed on wheat-based diets. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 211, 117-131.
Hill F.W. and Dansky L.M. (1954). Studies of the energy requirements of chickens: 1. The effect of dietary energy level on growth and feed comsumption. Poult. Sci. 33(1), 112-119.
Hossain M., Islam A. and Iji P. (2012). Energy utilization and performance of broiler chickens raised on diets with vegetable proteins or conventional feeds. Asian J. Anim. Sci. 6, 117-128.
Kalmendal R. and Tauson R. (2012). Effects of a xylanase and protease, individually or in combination, and an ionophore coccidiostat on performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens fed a wheat-soybean meal-based diet. Poult. Sci. 91, 1387-1393.
Kiarie E., Romero L. and Ravindran V. (2014). Growth performance, nutrient utilization, and digesta characteristics in broiler chickens fed corn or wheat diets without or with supplemental xylanase. Poult. Sci. 93, 1186-1196.
Kocher A., Choct M., Ross G., Broz J. and Chung T. (2003). Effects of enzyme combinations on apparent metabolizable energy of corn-soybean meal-based diets in broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 12, 275-283.
Maisonnier S., Gomez J. and Carré B. (2001). Nutrient digestibility and intestinal viscosities in broiler chickens fed on wheat diets, as compared to maize diets with added guar gum. Br. Poult. Sci. 42, 102-110.
Moftakharzadeh S.A., Moravej H. and Shivazad M. (2017). Effect of using the matrix values for nsp-degrading enzymes on performance, water intake, litter moisture and jejunal digesta viscosity of broilers fed barley-based diet. Acta Sci. Anim. Sci. 39, 65-72.
Nian F., Guo Y., Ru Y., Li F. and Peron A. (2011). Effect of exogenous xylanase supplementation on the performance, net energy and gut microflora of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets. Asian Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 24, 400-406.
Noblet J., Dubois S., Labussière E., Carré B. and Van Milgen J. (2010). Metabolic utilization of energy in monogastric animals and its implementation in net energy systems. Pp. 573-582 in Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Energy Protein Metabol. Nutr., Parma, Italy.
Nourmohammadi R., Khosravinia H. and Afzali N. (2018). Effects of feed form and xylanase supplementation on metabolizable energy partitioning in broiler chicken fed wheat based diets. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 102, 1593-1600.
Olukosi O.A., Cowieson A.J. and Adeola O. (2008). Energy utilization and growth performance of broilers receiving diets supplemented with enzymes containing carbohydrase or phytase activity individually or in combination. Br. J. Nutr. 99, 682-690.
Pirgozliev V. and Rose S. (1999). Net energy systems for poultry feeds: A quantitative review. Worlds Poult. Sci. J. 55, 23-36.
Pirgozliev V., Bedford M., Acamovic T., Mares P. and Allymehr M. (2011). The effects of supplementary bacterial phytase on dietary energy and total tract amino acid digestibility when fed to young chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 52, 245-254.
Pirgozliev V., Rose S., Pellny T., Amerah A., Wickramasinghe M., Ulker M., Rakszegi M., Bedo Z., Shewry P. and Lovegrove A. (2015). Energy utilization and growth performance of chickens fed novel wheat inbred lines selected for different pentosan levels with and without xylanase supplementation. Poult. Sci. 94, 232-239.
Ribeiro T., Lordelo M., Ponte P., Maçãs B., Prates J., Aguiar Fontes M., Falcão L., Freire J., Ferreira L. and Fontes C. (2011). Levels of endogenous β-glucanase activity in barley affect the efficacy of exogenous enzymes used to supplement barley-based diets for poultry. Poult. Sci. 90, 1245-1256.
Rotter B., Friesen O., Guenter W. and Marquardt R. (1990). Influence of enzyme supplementation on the bioavailable energy of barley. Poult. Sci. 69, 1174-1181.
Sakomura N., Silva R., Couto H. and Coon C. (2003). Pacheco C. Modeling metabolizable energy utilization in broiler breeder pullets. Poult. Sci. 82, 419-427.
SAS Institute. (2003). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Short F., Gorton P., Wiseman J. and Boorman K. (1996). Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 5, 215-221.
Spring J.L. (1957). The influence of dietary protein and energy level on body composition of broilers. Poult. Sci. 36, 1159-1167.
Zanella I., Sakomura N., Silversides F., Fiqueirdo A. and Pack M. (1999). Effect of enzyme supplementation of broiler diets based on corn and soybeans. Poult. Sci. 78, 561-568.
Zhou Y., Jiang Z., Lv D. and Wang T. (2009). Improved energy-utilizing efficiency by enzyme preparation supplement in broiler diets with different metabolizable energy levels. Poult. Sci. 88, 316-322.
