The effects of L-carnitine and type of fat on carcass characteristics and immune response of broiler chickens

Subject Areas : Veterinary Clinical Pathology

khosro Parsaeimehr ¹ ( کارشناس ارشد واحد دامپروری ایستگاه تحقیقاتی خلعت پوشان، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز. )
habib Cheraghi ² ( کارشناس واحد دامپروری ایستگاه تحقیقاتی خلعت پوشان، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز. )
saeid hosseinzade ³ ( دانش‌آموخته علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. )
mohammad Afrouziyeh ⁴ ( استادیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران. )
abbasali Ahmadie Naghdehi ⁵ ( کارشناس ارشد علوم دامی، مدرس هنرستان کشاورزی شهید اسماعیلی نقده، ایران. )

Received: 2014-07-25 Accepted : 2014-10-20 Published : 2014-08-23

Keywords: carcass characteristics, broiler chicken, immune response, L-carnitine, Fat sources,

Abstract :

   Two hundred and forty one-day-old male broilers (Ross-308) in 6 treatments with 4 replicates and 10 birds in each replicate were used in this experiment. Dietary treatments consisted of: 1)diet with 5% vegetable oil (T1), 2) diet with 5% vegetable oil + 300mg/kg  L-carnitine (T2), 3)diet with 5% animal fat (T3), 4)­­diet with 5% animal fat + 300mg/kg L-carnitine (T4), 4)­diet whit mixed vegetable and animal fat (equal to 2.5%) (T5), 5)­ diet whit mixed vegetable and animal fat (equal to 2.5%) + 300mg/kg L-carnitine (T6). The diets with L-carnitine showed a significant effect on body weight in grower and whole growth period (p<0.05). Also adding L-carnitine in the diet increased carcass weight, leg and Breast meat and reduced abdominal fat (p<0.05). Adding L-carnitine in the diet had a significant effect on heart, liver, fabricious boursa, thymus and spleen weight (p<0.05). But adding L-carnitine in the diet had no significant effect on glucose, protein, albumin and globulins of blood (p>0.05). Also adding L-carnitine had a significant effect on HI Newcastle titer on the 32nd day (p<0.05) but it had no significant effect on HI Newcastle titer on the 42nd day (p>0.05). 

References:

• · خیرخواه، ا.ر.، رحیمی، ش.، کریمی‌ترشیزی، م.ا.، و ملک‌محمدی، ح. (1388) .تاثیر تغذیه سطوح مختلف ال کارنیتین در جیره مرغ‌های مادر و جوجه‌های گوشتی بر عملکرد، ترکیبات سرم خون، خصوصیات لاشه و سیستم ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی. مجله تحقیقات دامپزشکی، دوره 62، شماره 4، صفحات: 289-283.


• · مرادی، ا.، گرائیلی، م. و نیکپور، ک. (1383). ال-کارنیتین در تغذیه حیوانات. چاپ اول، انتشارات ژیان، صفحه: 182.
  
  
  
  • · Barker, D.L. and Sell, J.L. (1994). Dietary carnitine did not influence performance and carcass composition of broiler chicken and young turkeys fed low- or high- fat diets. Poultry Science, 73: 281-287. 
  
  
  • · Borum, P.R. (1983). Carnitine. Annual Review Nutrition, 3: 233-259.
  
  
  • · Bremer, J. (1983). Carnitine metabolism and functions. Physiological Review, 63: 1421-1480.
  
  
  • · Biber, L. (1988). Carnitine. Annual Review Biochemistry, 57:261-283.
  
  
  • · Bish, C.L., Beans, W.L., Ruszler, P.L. and Cherry, J.A. (1985). Body weight influence on egg production. Poultry Science, 2259-2262.
  
  
  • · Buyse, J., Janssens, G.P. and Decuypere, E. (2001). The effects of dietary L-Carnitine supplementation on the performance, organ weights and circulating hormone and metabolite concentrations of broiler chickens reared under a normal or low temperature schedule. British Poultry Science, 42(2): 230-241.                                                                                                                                  
  
  
  • · Cartwright, A.L., Mcmurtry, P.J. and Plavink, I. (1986). Effect of early feed restriction on adipose cellularity of broilers. Poultry Science 65 (supplement1): 21(abstracts).     
  
  
  • · Daskiran, M. and Tetter, R.G. (2001). Effect of dietary L-carnitine (Carnicking) supplementation on overall  performance  and  carcass  characteristics  of  seven  week-old  broiler  chickens. Animal Science Research Report, 1-5.
  
  
  • · Deufel, T. (1990). Determination of L-carnitine in biological fluids and tissues. Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 28: 307-311.
  
  
  • · Harmear, J. (2002). The Physiological role of L-carnitine. Lohmann Information, 27: 22-25. 
  
  
  • · Leibetseder, J. (1995). Studies on the effects of L-carnitine in poultry. Animal Nutrition, 48: 97-108.       
  
  
  • · Lien, T.F. and Horng, Y.M. (2001). The  effect of  supplementary dietary  L-carnitne  on  the performance,  serum  componens,  carcass  traits  enzyme  activates of  broiler  chickens.  British Poultry Science, 42: 92-95.   
  
  
  • · Mast, J., Buyse, J. and Godderis, B.M. (2000). Dietary L-carnitine supplementation increases antigen-specific immunoglobulin G in broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition, 83:161-166.  
  
  
  • · Nitsan, Z., Dvorin, A., Zoref, Z. and Mokady, S. (1997). Effect of added soybean oil and dietary energy on metabolizable and net energy of broiler diets. British Poultry Science, 38: 101-106. 
  
  
  • · Owen, K.Q., Nelssen, J.L., Coodband, R.D., Weeden, T.L. and Blum, S.A. (1996(. Effect of L- carnitine and soybean oil on growth performance and body composition of early weaned pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 74: 1612-1619.
  
  
  • · Pesti, G.M., Bakalli, R.I., Qiao, M. and Sterling, K.G. )2002(. A comparison of eight grades of fat as broiler feed ingredients. Poulty Science, 81: 382-390.
  
  
  • · Rabie, M.H., Szilagyi, M. and Gippert, T. (1997). Effects of dietary supplementation of diets differing in energy levels on performance, abdominal fat content, and yield and composition of edible meat of broilers. British Journal of Nutrition, 80(4): 221-229.
  
  
  • · Rabie, M.H., Szilagyi, M. and Gippert, T. (1997). Effects of dietary L-carnitine on the performance and egg quality of laying hens from 65-73 weeks of age. British Journal of Nutrition, 78: 615-62.
  
  
  • · Rabie, M.H. and Szilágyi, M. (1998). Effects of L-carnitine supplementation of diets differing in energy levels on performance, abdominal fat content, and yield and composition of edible meat of broilers. British Journal of Nutrition, 80: 391-400.
  
  
  • · SAS, Ins. )1998(. SAS/STET Users Guide. Release 6.3 SAS Inc: Carry, NC.
  
  
  • · Sandor, A., Kispal, G.y., Kerner, J. and Alkonyi, I. (1983). Combined effect of ascorbic acid deficiency and under feeding on hepatic carnitine level in quinea-piqs. Cellular and molecular life sciences, 39:512-513.
  
  
  • · Sanz, M., Lopez-Bote, C.J., Monoyo, D. and Bautista, J.M. )2000(. Abdominal fat deposition and fatty acid synthesis are lower and B-oxidation is higher in broiler chickens fed diets containing unsaturated rather than saturated fat. Journal of Nutrition, 130: 3034-3037.
  
  
  • · Xu, Z.R., Wang, M.Q., Mao, H.X., Zhan, X.A. and Hu, C.H. (2003). Effect of L – carnitine on growth performance, carcass composition and metabolism of lipids in male broiler. Poultry Science, 82: 408-413.