The effect of Zirfon (Tilia platyphyllos) on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, immune system status and antioxidant indices of broiler chickens
Subject Areas : zoologyrazagh Kazem Badr 1 , hosein Reza Shahbazi 2 , Forugh mohammadi 3
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 -
3 - Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
Keywords: glutathione peroxidase enzyme, broiler chicken, Tilia platyphyllos, immune system, growth performance,
Abstract :
This experiment was carried out in order to investigate the effect of adding different levels of Zirfon flower powder to the diet on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, immune system status and antioxidant indices of broiler chickens during 3 periods for 42 days. The number of 300 one-day-old chicks of ROSS-308 strain was assigned to 4 experimental treatments with 5 repetitions and each repetition with 15 chickens in the form of a completely random design. The experimental treatments included 1) control diet (without additive), 2) control diet + 1% Zirfon flower powder, 3) control diet + 2% Zirfon flower powder and 4) control diet + 3% Zirfon flower powder. The results of the experiment showed that the amount of feed intake in the entire breeding period in the treatments containing 2 and 3% of Zirfon flowers was significantly increased compared to the control treatment (P<0.05). The amount of total serum protein, antibody titer produced against sheep red blood cells, number of lymphocytes and percentage of carcass in the treatment containing 3% of Zirfon flower had a significant increase with the control treatment (P<0.05). Also, the addition of different levels of Zirfon flower to the diet, significantly increased the concentration of glutathione peroxidase enzyme in the liver tissue (P<0.05). Based on the results of this experiment, 3% of Zirfon can be considered as an additive that stimulates feed intake and improves the immune system and antioxidants in the diet of broiler chickens.
شریفی، س.د.، حسنی خورسندی، س.، خادم، ع.ا. و صالحی، ع. (1390). اثرات چهار گياه دارويي بر عملكرد و غلظت ليپيدهاي سرم جوجه¬هاي گوشتي. فصلنامه گیاهان دارویی. (8)1: 11-1.
نوبخت، ع. و اقدم شهریار، ح. (1389). اثرات مخلوط گیاهان دارویی پنیرک، خارشتر و نعناع بر عملکرد، کیفیت لاشه و متابولیت¬های خون در جوجه¬های گوشتی. نشریه علوم دامی. (3)3: 63-51.
منصورزاده، س.، سالاری، س.، بوجارپور، م.، ساری، م. و قربانپور نجف آبادی، م. (1394). تأثیر سطوح مختلف عصاره گیاه دارویی پنیرک بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و برخی فراسنجه¬های ایمنی و خونی جوجه¬های گوشتی. نشریه علوم دامی. (106)28: 12-3. doi.org/10.22092/ASJ.2015.101343
Abbasi, M.A., Ghazanfari, S., Sharifi, S.D. and Ahmadi Gavlighi, H. (2019). Influence of dietary plant fats and antioxidant supplementations on performance, apparent metabolizable energy and protein digestibility, lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition of meat in broiler chicken. Veterinary Medicine and Science. 10: 1-15. doi.org/10.22059/jap.2021.306922.623549
Abbasi, M.A., Mahdavi, A.H., Samie, A.H. and Jahanian, R. (2014). Effects of different levels of dietary crude protein and threonine on performance, humoral immune responses and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. 16: 35-44. doi.org/10.1590/S1516-635X2014000100005.
Al- Kassie, G.A.M. (2009). Influence of two plant extracts derived from thyme and cinnamon on broiler performance. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 29: 169-173.
Baskara, A.P., Ariyadi, B., Dono, N.D., Martien, R. and Zuprizal, Z. (2020). The potential use of essential oil nanoemulsion as a novel alternative to antibiotics in poultry production-A review. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science. 10 (2): 203-212.
Bouyahya, A., Et-Touys, A., Bakri, Y., Talbaui, A., Fellah, H., Abrini, J., Dakka, N. (2017). Chemical composition of Mentha pulegium and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils and their antileishmanial, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Microbial Pathogenesis. 111: 41-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.015.
Christake, E., Paneri, P., Giannenas, I., Papazahariadou, M., Botsoglou, N.A. and Spais, A.B. (2004). Effect of mixture of herbal extract on broiler chicken infected with eimeriatenella. Animal Research. 53: 137-144. doi.org/10.1051/animres:2004006.
Duskaev, G.K., Kvan, O.V. and Rakhmatullin, S.G. (2020). Eucalyptus viminalis leaf extract alters the productivity and blood parameters of healthy broiler chickens. Veterinary World. 13 (12): 2673-2681. doi: www.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.
Erener, G., Turan, C., Gungor, E. and Altop, A. (2023). Effect of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), linden (Tilia cordata Mill.), and green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) aqueous extract administration in the drinking water during pre-slaughter feed withdrawal period in broiler chickens. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 55: 252-263. doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03663-8.
Hosseini, S.A. and Meimandipour, A. (2018). Feeding broilers with thyme essential oil loaded in chitosan nanoparticles: an efficient strategy for successful delivery. British Poultry Science. 59 (6): 669-678. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1521511.
Karimi, A., Yan, F., Coto, C., Park, J.H., Min,Y., Lu, C., Gidden, J.A., Lay Jr., J.O. and Waldroup, P.W. (2010). Effects of level and source of oregano leaf in starter diets
for broiler chicks. Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 19: 137-145. doi.org/10.3382/japr.2009-00088.
Kondera, E., Dmowska, A., Rosa, M. and Witeska, M. (2012). The effect of bleeding on peripheral blood and head kidney hematopoietic tissue in common carp (Cyprinuscarpio). Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. 36 (2): 169-175.
Nobakht, A. (2014). The effects of different levels of Portulaca oleracea, medicinal plant, on performance, egg quality, blood biochemical and immunity parameters of mature laying hens. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science. 4 (2): 393-397.
Malik, H.E.E., Elamin, K.M., Abdalla, S.A. and Dousa, B.M. (2015). Influence of supplemented whey on growth performance and internal organs percentages of broiler chicken. Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research. 5(3): 68-73.
Mirzania, F., Sarrafi, Y. and Moridi Farimani, M. (2019). Comparative evaluation of chemical compositions and biological activities of wild and cultivated Froriepia subpinnata L. essential oils. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 21(2): 331-340.
Mosleh, N., Shomali, T. and Aghapour Kazemi, H. (2013). Effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil on immune responses and faecal virus shedding period in broilers immunized with live Newcastle disease vaccines. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 14: 220-225. doi.org/10.22099/IJVR.2013.1684.
Narimani-Rad, M., Nobakht, A., Aghdam Shahryar, A.H., Kamani, J. and Lotfi, A. (2011). Influence of dietary supplemented medicinal plants mixture (ziziphora, oregano and peppermint) on performance and carcass characterization of broiler chickens. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5: 5626-5629.
Nasiroleslami, M. and Torki, M. (2010). Including essential oils of Echinacea purpurea and thyme to diet and evaluating performance of laying hens, white blood cell count and egg quality characteristics. Journal of Advances in Environmental Biology. 4 (3): 341-345.
Pirmohamammadi, A., Daneshyar, M., Farhoomand, P., Aliakbarlu, J. and Hamian, F. (2016). Effects of Thymus vulgaris and Mentha pulegium on colour, nutrients and Peroxidation of meat in heatstressed broilers. South African Journal of Animal Science. 46: 278-284. doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v46i3.7.
Poorghasemi M., Chamani M., Mirhosseini S.Z., Sadeghi A.A. and Seidavi A. (2017). Effect of Lactofeed probiotic and different sources of fat on performance, carcass characteristics and lipid parameters in broiler chickens. Journal Livestock Science. 8: 1-7.
Rezvani, M.R., Arab, M. and Kami, O. (2019). Effect of peppermint, thyme and tarragon essential oils on the performance and antibody titer in broilers. South African Journal of Animal Science. 21 (3): 359-369.
Roofchaee, A., Irani, M., Ebrahimzadeh, M.A. and Akbari, M.R. (2011). Effect of dietary oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil on growth performance, cecal microflora and serum antioxidant activity of broiler chickens. African Journal of Biotechnol. 10: 6177-6183. doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.2596.
Saki, A.A., Kalantar, M., Rahmatnejad, E. and Mirzaaghatabar, F. (2014). Health characteristics and performance of broiler chicks in response to Trigonella foenum graecum and Foeniculum vulgare. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science. 4 (2): 387-391.
Shokri, H., Asadi, F., Bahonar, A. R. and Khosravi, A. R. (2006). The role of Zataria multiflora essence (Iranian herb) on innate immunity of animal model. Iranian Journal of Immunology. 3: 164-168.
Simitzis, P.E. (2017). Enrichment of animal diets with essential oils—A great perspective on improving animal performance and quality characteristics of the derived products. Medicines. 35: 1-21. doi.org/10.3390/medicines4020035.
Toghyani, M., Tohidi, M., Gheisari, A.A. and Tabeidian, S.A. (2010). Performance, immunity, serum biochemical and hematological Parameters in broiler chicks fed dietary thyme as alternative for an antibiotic growth Promoter. African Journal of Biotechnology. 9: 6819-6825. doi.org/10.5897/AJB09.1998.
Toker, G., Aslan, M., Yesilada, M.E. and Memisoglu, M. (2001). Comparative evaluation of the flavonoid content if officinal Tilia Flos and Turkish Lime species for quality assessment. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 26 (1): 111-121.
Torki, M., Sedgh-Gooya, S. and Mohammadi, H. (2018). Effects of adding essential oils of rosemary, dill and chicory extract to diets on performance, egg quality and some blood parameters of laying hens subjected to heat stress. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 46: 1118-1126. doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2018.1473254.
Torres-Martínez, R., García-Rodríguez, Y.M., Ríos-Chávez, P., Saavedra-Molina, A., LóPez-Meza, J.E., Ochoa-Zarzosa, A. and Garciglia, R.S. (2017). Antioxidant activity of the essential oil and its major terpenes of Satureja macrostema (Moc. and Sessé ex Benth.) Briq. Pharmacognosy Magazine. 13: 875-880. doi.org/ 10.4103/pm.pm_316_17.
Weitzel, C. and Petersen, M. (2011). Cloning and characterisation of rosmarinic acid synthase from Melissa officinalis L. Phytochemistry. 72 (7): 572-578. doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.01.039.
Zeinali, S., Ghazanfari, S. and Ebrahimi, M.A. (2017). Mucin2 gene expression in the chicken intestinal goblet cells are affected by dietary essential oils. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 23(1): 134-141.
Zhang, G., Yang, Z., Wang, Y., Yang, W., Jiang, S. and Gai, G. (2009). Effects of ginger root (Zingiber officinale) processed to different particle sizes on growth performance, antioxidant status, and serum metabolites of broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 88: 2159-2166. doi.org/10.3382/Ps.2009-00165.
