Effect of Guanidino Acetic Acid Supplementation in Soybean Meal and Canola Meal-Based Diets on Broiler Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Liver Enzymes, and Intestinal Morphology

Subject Areas :

F.S.   Mirsalehi ¹ (Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran)
B.  Dastar ² (Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran)
O.   Ashayerizadeh ³ (Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran)
R.   Mirshekar ⁴ (Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran)

Received: 2023-04-05 Accepted : 2023-12-31 Published : 2024-06-01

Keywords: broiler chicken, canola meal, guanidino acetic acid, liver enzyme, soybean meal,

Abstract :

A total of 288 Ross 308 broiler chickens (mixed sex) were used to investigate the effect of supplemental guanidino acetic acid (GAA) to soybean meal (SBM) and canola meal (CM) based diets on growth per-formance, carcass characteristics, liver enzymes, and morphometric indexes. Birds were randomly assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 types of oil seed meal (SBM and CM) and 2 levels of GAA (0 and 0.6 g/kg) with six replicates in each. The results indicated that birds fed with CM diet had significantly lower feed intake and body weight gain and a worse feed conversion ratio than those fed with SBM diet (P<0.05). Supplementing GAA to the CM diet but not to the SBM diet led to increased feed intake so that the value was similar to those birds receiving the SBM diet as a statistical point (P<0.05), while the improvement of body weight gain was not achieved completely. Carcass, breast, and thigh yields were statistically lower in birds fed the CM diet than those fed the SBM diet, while the abdominal fat and liver weight were higher (P<0.05). Neither type of oil seed meal nor GAA significantly affected the liver enzymes and nitric oxide concentrations, as well as gut mor-phometric indexes (P<0.05). It can be concluded that supplementing 0.6 g/kg GAA to the CM-based diet to some extent improves the growth performance of broiler chickens, and more content may be needed for complete improvement.

References:

Ahmadipour B., Khajali F. and Sharifi M.R. (2018). Effect of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on growth performance and gut morphology in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. J. 6, 19-24.
Ale Saheb Fosoul S.S., Azarfar A., Gheisari A. and Khosravinia H. (2018). Energy utilisation of broiler chickens in response to guanidinoacetic acid supplementation in diets with various energy contents. Br. J. Nutr. 120, 131-140.
Amerah A.M., van de Belt K. and van Der Klis J.D. (2015). Effect of different levels of rapeseed meal and sunflower meal and enzyme combination on the performance, digesta viscosity and carcass traits of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets. Animal. 9, 1131-1137.
Asadi M., Toghdory A., Hatami M. and Ghassemi Nejad J. (2022). Milk supplemented with organic iron improves performance, blood hematology, iron metabolism parameters, biochemical and immunological parameters in suckling Dalagh lambs. Animals. 12, 510-518.
Boroumandnia Z., Khosravinia H., Masouri B. and Parizadian Kavan B. (2021). Effects of dietary supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid on physiological response of broiler chicken exposed to repeated lactic acid injection. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 20, 153-162.
Castro F.L.S., Su S., Choi H., Koo E. and Kim W.K. (2019). L-arginine supplementation enhances growth performance, lean muscle, and bone density but not fat in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 98, 1716-1722.
Cengiz O. and Kucukersan S. (2010). Effects of graded contents of arginine supplementation on growth performance, haematological parameters and immune system in broilers. Rev. Med. Vet. 161, 409-419.
Cheragh-Birjandi S., Moghbeli M., Haghighi F., Safdari M.R., Baghernezhad M., Akhavan A. and Ganji R. (2020). Impact of resistance exercises and nano-curcumin on synovial levels of collagenase and nitric oxide in women with knee osteoarthritis. Transl. Med. Commun. 5, 3-11.
Cordova-Noboa H.A., Oviedo-Rondón E.O., Sarsour A.H., Barnes J., Sapcota D., López D., Gross L., Rademacher-Heilshorn M. and Braun U. (2018). Effect of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on live performance, meat quality, pectoral myopathies and blood parameters of male broilers fed corn-based diets with or without poultry by-products. Poult. Sci. 97, 2494-2505.
DeGroot A.A., Braun U. and Dilger R.N. (2019). Guanidinoacetic acid is efficacious in improving growth performance and muscle energy homeostasis in broiler chicks fed arginine-deficient or arginine-adequate diets. Poult. Sci. 98, 2896-2905.
Dilger R.N., Bryant-Angeloni K., Payne R.L., Lemme A. and Parsons C.M. (2013). Dietary guanidino acetic acid is an efficacious replacement for arginine for young chicks. Poult. Sci. 92, 171-177.
Disetlhe A.R.P., Marume U. and Mlambo V. (2018). Humic acid and enzymes inclusion in canola-based diets generate different responses in growth performance, protein utilization dynamics, and hemato-biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 97, 2745-2753.
Figueiredo D.F., Murakami A.E., Pereira M.A. dos S., Furlan A.C. and Toral F.L.B. (2003). Desempenho e morfometria da mucosa de duodeno de frangos de corte alimentados com farelo de canola, durante o período inicial. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 32, 1321-1329.
Gopinger E., Xavier E.G., Elias M.C., Catalan A.A.S., Castro M.L.S., Nunes A.P. and Roll V.F.B. (2014). The effect of different dietary levels of canola meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut morphology of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 93, 1130-1136.
Goudarzi S.M., Saki A., Mohammadi N., Zamani P. (2017). The effect of substitution of soybean with canola meal in laying hen diets formulated on the basis of total or digestible amino acids on performance and blood parameters. J. Livest. Sci. Technol. 5, 1–8.
Izadinia M., Nobakht M., Khajali F., Faraji M., Zamani F., Qujeq D. and Karimi I. (2010). Pulmonary hypertension and ascites as affected by dietary protein source in broiler chickens reared in cool temperature at high altitudes. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 155, 194-200.
Jiao P., Guo Y., Yang X. and Long F. (2010). Effects of dietary arginine and methionine levels on broiler carcass traits and meat quality. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 9, 1546-1551.
Khajali F. and Slominski B.A. (2012). Factors that affect the nutritive value of canola meal for poultry. Poult. Sci. 91, 2564-2575.
Khakran G., Chamani M., Foroudi F., Sadeghi A.A. and Afshar M.A. (2018). Effect of guanidine acetic acid addition to corn-soybean meal based diets on productive performance, blood biochemical parameters and reproductive hormones of laying hens. Kafkas Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg. 24, 99-105.
Kocher A., Choct M., Porter M.D. and Broz J. (2000). The effects of enzyme addition to broiler diets containing high concentrations of canola or sunflower meal. Poult. Sci. 79, 1767-1774.
Kodambashi Emami N., Golian A., Rhoads D.D. and Danesh Mesgaran M. (2017). Interactive effects of temperature and dietary supplementation of arginine or guanidinoacetic acid on nutritional and physiological responses in male broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 58, 87-94.
Li X., Yang B., Dong Z., Geng D., Wang C., Guo Q., Jiang Y., Chen G., Chang G. and Bai H. (2023). Growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and blood variables of small- sized meat ducks with different feed efficiency phenotypes. Poult. Sci. 102, 102818-102826.
Manyeula F., Mlambo V., Marume U. and Sebola N.A. (2020). Partial replacement of soybean products with canola meal in indigenous chicken diets: size of internal organs, carcass characteristics and breast meat quality. Poult. Sci. 99, 256-262.
Michiels J., Maertens L., Buyse J., Lemme A., Rademacher M., Dierick N.A. and De Smet S. (2012). Supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid to broiler diets: Effects on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and energy metabolism. Poult. Sci. 91, 402-412.
Mikulski D., Jankowski J., Zdunczyk Z., Juskiewicz J. and Slominski B.A. (2012). The effect of different dietary levels of rapeseed meal on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in turkeys. Poult. Sci. 91, 215-223.
Mousavi S.N., Afsar A. and Lotfollahian H. (2013). Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation to broiler diets with varying energy contents. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 22, 47-54.
Payvastagan S., Farhoomand P., Shahrooze R., Delfani N. and Talatapeh A. (2012). The effects of different levels of canola meal and copper on performance, susceptibility to ascites and plasma enzyme activities in broiler chickens. Ann. Biol. Res. 3, 5252-5258.
Portocarero N. and Braun U. (2021). The physiological role of guanidinoacetic acid and its relationship with arginine in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 100, 101203-101211.
Raei A., Karimi A. and Sadeghi A. (2020). Performance, antioxidant status, nutrient retention and serum profile responses of laying Japanese quails to increasing addition levels of dietary guanidinoacetic acid. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 19, 75-85.
SAS Institute. (2003). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Sharma N.K., Cadogan D.J., Chrystal P.V, McGilchrist P., Wilkinson S.J., Inhuber V. and Moss A.F. (2022). Guanidinoacetic acid as a partial replacement to arginine with or without betaine in broilers offered moderately low crude protein diets. Poult. Sci. 101, 101692-101701.
Slominski B.A. and Campbell L.D. (1990). Non-starch polysaccharides of canola meal: Quantification, digestibility in poultry and potential benefit of dietary enzyme supplementation. J. Sci. Food Agric. 53, 175-184.
Tamasgen N., Urge M., Girma M. and Nurfeta A. (2021). Effect of dietary replacement of soybean meal with linseed meal on feed intake, growth performance and carcass quality of broilers. Heliyon. 7, 1-8.
Tan B., Yin Y., Kong X., Li P., Li Xilong Gao H., Li Xinguo Huang R. and Wu G. (2010). L-arginine stimulates proliferation and prevents endotoxin-induced death of intestinal cells. Amino Acids. 38, 1227-1235.
Taraz Z., Jalali S.M.A. and Rafeie F. (2006). Effects of replacement of soybean meal with rapeseed meal on organs weight, some blood biochemical parameters and performance of broiler chicks. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5, 1110-1115.
Thanabalan A., Mohammadigheisar M. and Kiarie E.G. (2021). Amino acids and energy digestibility in extruded or roasted full fat soybean fed to broiler chickens without or with multienzyme supplement containing protease, phytase, and fiber degrading enzymes. Poult. Sci. 100, 101511-101519.
Xu Y.Q., Guo Y.W., Shi B.L., Yan S.M. and Guo X.Y. (2018). Dietary arginine supplementation enhances the growth performance and immune status of broiler chickens. Livest. Sci. 209, 8-13.
Yadav S., Teng P.Y., Choi J., Singh A.K., Vaddu S., Thippareddi H. and Kim W.K. (2022). Influence of rapeseed, canola meal and glucosinolate metabolite (AITC) as potential antimicrobials: Effects on growth performance, and gut health in Salmonella typhimurium challenged broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 101, 101551-101558.
Zarghi H., Golian A. and Tabatabaei Yazdi F. (2020). Effect of dietary sulphur amino acid levels and guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on performance, carcase yield and energetic molecular metabolites in broiler chickens fed wheat-soy diets. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 19, 951-959.