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Open Access Article
1 - Feasibility study of nitrate surface absorption by mineral pumice from Nitrate solution on a laboratory scale
Farzad Bakhshandegan Moghaddam Parisa HoseiniThe surge in population and imprudent consumption of water resources have created many challenges in securing sufficient water for sustaining human life. To supply part of the water demand for agriculture, the reuse of gray water is recommended. However, many decontamin MoreThe surge in population and imprudent consumption of water resources have created many challenges in securing sufficient water for sustaining human life. To supply part of the water demand for agriculture, the reuse of gray water is recommended. However, many decontamination methods are cost-prohibitive and pose challenges in sludge disposal after purification. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of nitrate absorption by a mineral pumice adsorbent from nitrate solutions. The present study was conducted as a two-factor factorial experiment and complete randomized design with three replications. The study involved sampling mineral pumice with diameters of 1 cm, and 5 cm and gradation ranging from 1 to 5 cm over 45 days. The samples were calibrated by spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 470 nm. Results showed that mineral pumice influenced nitrate absorption from the solution. The amount of nitrate in the control treatment was 0.88 grams per liter on the first day. The highest absorption occurred on the 20th day for the 1 cm soil gradation, resulting in a decrease to 0.62 grams per liter, which indicated 0.36 grams per liter of nitrate absorption. Larger gradations, however, showed the highest absorption on the 30th day. The 5 cm treatments and 1-5 cm gradation showed a reduction (absorption) of 0.19 and 0.27 grams per liter of nitrate, respectively, compared to the control treatment. According to the results, mineral pumice, an economical resource, can be used to absorb nitrate from nitrate solutions. Moreover, the used mineral pumice could find applications as a soil texture modifier or fertilizer in various fields beyond nitrate absorption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Face Detection based on Semantic Model for Mobile Banking
leili nosrati Amir Massoud Bidgoli hamid hajseiedjavadiIn this paper, a new authentication protocol for online banking based on the semantic model of features extracted from people's image is introduced. The proposed approach is presented using smart mobile phones for online digital imaging for customers. In this work, a fu MoreIn this paper, a new authentication protocol for online banking based on the semantic model of features extracted from people's image is introduced. The proposed approach is presented using smart mobile phones for online digital imaging for customers. In this work, a fuzzy clustering has been used to categorize the characteristics of the images of different people and by applying them to different machine learning methods, a combined technique of machine learning classification methods has been presented to improve performance and increases strength against various attacks. Also to reduce the complexity of machine design for operational tasks, the technique of reducing features extracted from face images with the help of genetic algorithm has been used. In the last part, in order to make a decision for authentication selected by machine learning systems, a fuzzy logic system is presented based on the highest accuracy of identifying the desired person. Using a public dataset, the experimental results showed that the genetic algorithm-based technique is the best feature selection to create an implicit authentication method for the smartphone environment. The results showed an accuracy of about 99.80% using only 30 features out of 77 to authenticate users. At the same time, the results showed that the proposed method has a lower error rate compared to the related work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Formation of a low current surface discharge using a negative corona barrier in argon
Bair B. Baldanov -
Open Access Article
4 - Effects of mixed electric field on characterization of electrohydrodynamics drying system
Hamid Ghomi Pourya Seyfi Ahmad Khademi Amir Heidari -
Open Access Article
5 - Modifying and adjusting features of ZnO-based UV sensors through singly- and co-doping with Ti and Zr using low current sputtering technique
Nader Madani-Mashaei Ebrahim Asl Soleimani Hamidreza Shirvani-Mahdavi -
Open Access Article
6 - Optical and morphological characterization of nanostructured AgO thin films
Adeleh Granmayehrad Hamed Abbasi -
Open Access Article
7 - The interface of FeCrP film with graphene-like BN: electronic, band alignment, and thermoelectric properties
Mansoure Ilkhani -
Open Access Article
8 - Spin dynamics and surface magnons in antiferromagnetic monoxide lattices along [001] and [011] directions
Malika Boucherrab Ouahiba Nafa Boualem Bourahla Farid Chelli -
Open Access Article
9 - Modification of surface energy and electrical and thermal properties of spherical polypyrrole nanoparticles synthesized by CTAB for potential application as a conductive ink
Kasra Vahidi Yousef Seyed Jalili -
Open Access Article
10 - Atomic transport and surface properties of some simple liquid metal using one component plasma system
Yogeshkumar A Sonvane Pankajsinh B Thakor Ashwin R Jani -
Open Access Article
11 - Plasmon resonance coupling in cold overdense dissipative plasma
Sedigheh Miraboutalebi Leila Rajaei Mohamad K Khadivi Borogeni -
Open Access Article
12 - The impact of AsH3 overflow time and indium composition on the formation of self-assembled InxGa1 − xAs quantum dots studied by atomic force microscopy
Didik Aryanto Zulkafli Othaman Abd Khamim Ismail -
Open Access Article
13 - Surface wave excitations on magnetized over-dense plasma
Sedigheh Miraboutalebi L Rajaee L Farhang Matin -
Open Access Article
14 - Effects of viscous dissipation on MHD natural convection flow along a vertical wavy surface
Kazi H Kabir Md A Alim Laek S Andallah -
Open Access Article
15 - Design and fabrication of highly hydrophobic Mn nano-sculptured thin films and evaluation of surface properties on hydrophobicity
Somaye Hosseini Hadi Savaloni Mehran Gholipour-Shahraki -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigation of the effects of pulse repetition frequency in a mixed electric field on a SDBD-like plasma jet
Amir Abbas Heidari Pourya Seyfi Ahmad Khademi Hamid Ghomi -
Open Access Article
17 - Surface coupling effects on contact mechanics: contact area and interfacial separation between an elastic solid and a hard substrate with randomly rough, self-affine fractal surfaces
M. Feshanjerdi A. A. Masoudi M. Khorrami -
Open Access Article
18 - Dynamics of a low-threshold optically pumped organic vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser
Mohammad Reza Shayesteh Ghafar Darvish -
Open Access Article
19 - Evolution of shapes in even–even nuclei using the standard interacting boson model
Ali M. Khalaf Mahmoud M. Taha -
Open Access Article
20 - Glass surface modification using Nd:YAG laser in SF6 atmospheres
H. R. Dehghanpour P. Parvin -
Open Access Article
21 - The effects of applying different bias voltages and phase differences on performance of an asymmetric surface dielectric barrier discharge; an experimental investigation
H. Mahdavi F. Sohbatzadeh -
Open Access Article
22 - Surface modification of Raw and Frit glazes by non-thermal helium plasma jet
M. Ghasemi F. Sohbatzadeh S. Mirzanejhad -
Open Access Article
23 - Study of an argon dielectric barrier discharge reactor with atmospheric pressure for material treatment
Maryam Hosseinpour Akbar Zendehnam -
Open Access Article
24 - The experimental approach into the influence of external inductance on the discharge characteristic of HiPIMS
Saeed Ghasemi Pourya Seyfi Alireza Farhadizadeh Hamid Ghomi -
Open Access Article
25 - Detection of overtone and combined peaks using Mn/Cu helical star-shaped (pine-tree-like) sculptured thin films in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Reza Babaei Shokoofe Goli-Haghighi Hadi Savaloni -
Open Access Article
26 - Effects on selective epitaxial growth of strained-SiGe p-MOSFETs on various (001) Si recess structures
Min-Hao Hong Dung-Ching Perng -
Open Access Article
27 - Investigation of the impact of different ARC layers using PC1D simulation: application to crystalline silicon solar cells
Galib Hashmi Mohammad Junaebur Rashid Zahid Hasan Mahmood Mahbubul Hoq Md. Habibur Rahman -
Open Access Article
28 - Effects of different gas flow rates and non-perpendicular incidence angles of argon cold atmospheric-pressure plasma jet on silver thin film treatment
Maryam Hosseinpour Akbar Zendehnam Seyedeh Mehri Hamidi Sangdehi Hamidreza Ghomi Marzdashti -
Open Access Article
29 - Transmission of electromagnetic waves through a nonlinear over-dense plasma slab
M. Tohfeh L. Rajaei S. Miraboutalebi L. F. Matin -
Open Access Article
30 - Hybridization of Facial Features and Use of Multi Modal Information for 3D Face Recognition
Nita Thakare -
Open Access Article
31 - The effect of reciprocal obligation, trust and face maintenance on perceived individual and group achievements of knowledge management with the mediating role of knowledge sharing in the telecommunication company of Isfahan province
Malihe Soltani Hamid Reza PeikariThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of reciprocal obligation, trust and face maintenance on perceived individual and group achievements of knowledge management with the mediating role of knowledge sharing in the telecommunication company of Isfahan pr MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of reciprocal obligation, trust and face maintenance on perceived individual and group achievements of knowledge management with the mediating role of knowledge sharing in the telecommunication company of Isfahan province. The present study is an applied research in terms of the purpose and the method of data collection is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study was3100employees of Isfahan Telecommunication Company in2017among them, at least342people were selected as the statistical sample using Cochran formula and 351questionnaires were distributed based on non-probabilistic sampling process and data were collected. Data gathering method in the present research is field method and data collection tool is a localized. To analyze the data, SmartPls software was used in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results obtained from structural equations showed that the reciprocal obligation (β=0/55, t=4/5), trust(β=0/61,t=2/3),facemaintenance (β=0/18, t=1/8) and knowledge sharing (β=0/45,t=3/8) have a positive and significant effect on the perceived individual and collective achievements of knowledge management . Also, it shows the positive and significant effect of reciprocal obligation (β=0/52, t=5/3) and trust (β=0/64,t=4/9) on knowledge sharing, but showed no significant effect on knowledge sharing (β=0/04,t=0/31). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Callenges to the use of persian script in the design of the mobile gaming interface
Behrooz Minaei Elham Azarbarzin Parisa AlikhaniToday, mobile games are used by all segments of the community, and all of them have different sections that need to be written with fonts, design logos and typeface. It should be noted that the use of the Persian fonts will apply its own strengths and weaknesses to the MoreToday, mobile games are used by all segments of the community, and all of them have different sections that need to be written with fonts, design logos and typeface. It should be noted that the use of the Persian fonts will apply its own strengths and weaknesses to the design; therefore, to create a proper design of logos and typeface, along with the attention to the principles of the user interface, the special features of the Persian fonts have also been considered. In this research, which has been conducted through a library and field study among 38 successful mobile games in Iran, and concluded through descriptive-analytic method, the authors concluded that observance of two principles of variable and cadastral design in the design of fonts and the choice of typeface It is important for the Persian fonts. Constant principles include the attention to formalistic and narrative principles in designing fonts and typeface, paying attention to the function of logos and legibility, and the role of informing about the nature of the game, beauty and visual appearance, attention to responsive design principles and observance of cultural and population principles Cognitive And the principle of the variable, which is unique to the Persian fonts, includes the recognition of the visual characteristics of the Persian font, the attention to the weight of the fonts, the identity of the letters, the way of joining, the thickness, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - study of Culture and Everyday Life on Facebook
Ghazal Bibakabadi mohamad soltanifar Ali DelavarToday, virtual social networks have become an integral part of the daily lives of the Iranian people. The activities of people in this network and their daily lives, which are meaningful through presence and communication with others in these networks, are the subject o MoreToday, virtual social networks have become an integral part of the daily lives of the Iranian people. The activities of people in this network and their daily lives, which are meaningful through presence and communication with others in these networks, are the subject of study in this study. It may not be outrageous to view Facebook as a city where users live as citizens. How the daily life of the residents of this city goes, what interactions and connections the citizens of this virtual city have, what is their leisure and entertainment in this virtual city, etc. can help us to get to know it better. The aim of this study is to understand the components of daily life on the social network Facebook and its relationship with the membership of users in this network. To achieve this goal, the qualitative method of virtual anthropology has been used in a virtual field consisting of 300 Facebook social network users. Data collection was done through participation, online viewing, and in-depth and in-depth interviews. The research findings show that the components of daily life of users in this network include display and implementation, multiplicity and fear of getting lost, ordinary narration to the current official narrative, desensitization of red lines. These components are a view of the daily life of Iranian users. And the current culture in the Facebook space of Iranian users is in the period of this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Effect of the New Social Networks (E.G. Facebook and Twitter) on People
Mohammad Soltanifar Ghangir Bakhshi Ali Rezahasani KhaliliThe use of the latest communication technology especially the social networks in the recent decades has entered us into a new era, to the point that the scientists such as daniel bell has called it the ''ultra industry society'' and manual castles has called it '' the n MoreThe use of the latest communication technology especially the social networks in the recent decades has entered us into a new era, to the point that the scientists such as daniel bell has called it the ''ultra industry society'' and manual castles has called it '' the network society'' . These latest technologies have deemed the distance meaningless and have increased the ability to communicate. The 21st century person has been able to create groups that are far away yet available. The social networks are one of the most effective ways of communication in todays world, which have influenced all the aspects of people's live, and in a way they could attract a lot of followers and fans,these social networks are facebook and twitter. In this article we are going to discuss the reason why the social networks such as facebook and twitter have so many fans. 360 people have been randomly chosen from twitter or facebook and been asked to fill in an electronic questionnaire for the survey. All the data has been analysed gathered from these questionnaires and by means of a computer software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Examination of Roll and Position of Social Networks in Softwar Against IRAN
Mozhgan Latifimehr Bibisadat Miresmaeili Hamid Reza HosenidanaThe role of soft war is different in the west foreign policy specialy USA and country. Softwar is play with though and hearts. That has special weapons and equipment and these facilities are developing on and on. In soft war, if media, tounqe, pen,.will effort inkeeping MoreThe role of soft war is different in the west foreign policy specialy USA and country. Softwar is play with though and hearts. That has special weapons and equipment and these facilities are developing on and on. In soft war, if media, tounqe, pen,.will effort inkeeping of moral values, could ruines of conspiracies of enemy. Othere wise, is soldier of enemy. Elites are the most important of factor in delivering massage to public. So they can support their country and can compte them. So that knowing their ability and using them, are so necessery. In getting the conclusion is used the kovanelplan that statistics show that there is a relationship between the role of social networks and their effects on republic of Iran soft war. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Effect of Social Networks (Facebook) on the Movement of the Egyptian People
Ruhollah Ahmadzadeh Kermani Amir Masoud Seyed AghaeiIn the present age, the world of communication and information, connecting to Internet Universal Network has become a vital principle. Using the Internet creates links between different levels of national, regional and global. Technological and communication revolution MoreIn the present age, the world of communication and information, connecting to Internet Universal Network has become a vital principle. Using the Internet creates links between different levels of national, regional and global. Technological and communication revolution is among the factors that increasingly weaker the authority of governments. Over the past few years, Islamic countries, like other developing countries to the world of computers and the Internet and then cyberspace was entered and the phenomenon of social networking and blogging have become familiar. Role and effect of mass media and the Internet, especially social networks like Facebook and Twitter in the recent developments in the Middle East and North Africa and rapid spread of these developments is undeniable. it must be said that the major difference between computer networks with more traditional media such as radio, television and the press is in the two-way or multi-way of communication. According to the purpose of research and in terms of methods, is descriptive research - analysis. The results showed that generally the social networks played a role in the movement of the Egyptian people, but we should not exaggerate the role of the Internet in the assessment because they on targeted only a tool for communication and speed up its. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - A comparative study of the political, economic and communicative functions of the social networks (case study: Facebook and Cloob)
Sara Mohammadpour Fatemeh TajikMechanisms and communication tools are important issues from the perspective of communication science because ofenabling the interaction, sharing and forming networks between actors in cyberspace. New communication technologieshave transformed the understanding of vario MoreMechanisms and communication tools are important issues from the perspective of communication science because ofenabling the interaction, sharing and forming networks between actors in cyberspace. New communication technologieshave transformed the understanding of various aspects of human life, so that the understanding of variations on each of thesechanges requires a separate field of study. The present study has the comparative analyzing on the communication functionsof economic and social networks on Facebook and Cloob. Indeed, the main research hypothesis is that the functions ofcommunication mechanisms, economic, social networking sites Facebook and Cloob are different. Method of Research issurvey and a questionnaire fulfilling has been used.The population of the study covers all the members of the social networkFacebook and Cloob. Our findings show that the best features which social networking sites like Facebook and Cloobproviding for users, is totally different. In the case of use of members on the social networks, Facebook is so stronger thanCloob in all cases. Except for a chat option that 100 % of respondents have responded to these options, as well as friends anddating options and participation in group discussions, two networks have been in the same levels. Through reviewed thefunctions of social networks Facebook and Cloob, best functions of these two networks, are Communication functions thattheir average mean is respectively 2/4 and 9/3 and the weakest functions of two networks are economic functions that theiraverage mean is respectively 4/3 and 3/2 . According to the findings of study the economic, social, and communicationFunctions of networks Facebook and Cloob are independent of each other and are generalizable to the population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - A Survey of the virtual social networking's Role on the Various Aspects of Satisfaction from the Viewpoint of Internet Users in Tehran
Hossein Molaei NoshahrThe study entitled "Survey respondents view the virtual social networking (Facebook) and their satisfaction with variousaspects " took place, is an attempt to clarify the scope of the contact angles very dark social network research in Iran. For thispurpose, 149 cluster MoreThe study entitled "Survey respondents view the virtual social networking (Facebook) and their satisfaction with variousaspects " took place, is an attempt to clarify the scope of the contact angles very dark social network research in Iran. For thispurpose, 149 cluster sampling method from Tehran five geographic regions (North, South, West, East and Central) wereselected and answered the questionnaire . Head results between the views of respondents and satisfaction of news,information, and knowledge, and social use of social media trust there are significant differences. In addition, the resultsshow Head: Between gender and satisfaction Facebook aspects of news, information and awareness, social use, but there isno significant difference between gender and satisfaction Facebook dimension of trust in the media, social difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Examining Practices of the Iranian Ethnic Representation in Virtual Social Networks
Hamideh Gohari Bahareh Bakhshi Seyed Hamid RazaviThe emergence of social networks in the modern world a unique opportunity for the groups that has no chance of being media is provided. Birth thousands of blogs, social networks and user centered media, Iranians before communicating and expressing their cultural and eth MoreThe emergence of social networks in the modern world a unique opportunity for the groups that has no chance of being media is provided. Birth thousands of blogs, social networks and user centered media, Iranians before communicating and expressing their cultural and ethnic concerns is strong. Due to the diversity of ethnic, racial, cultural and unique country that has a lot of potential to have a presence in cyberspace. Over the past few years with the advent of social networking Iranian ethnic group has the ability to display a unique opportunity for what it did not provide Ahead of you is an effort to explore ways of representing the Iranian ethnic group in Facebook. Researcher uses content analysis to examine the contents of ethnic media in this regard. The results showed that the expression of cultural notions of Iranian ethnic group in the media Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Optimization and modeling of growth conditions for Lactobacillus brevis IBRC10818 for biosynthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid, affected by ultrasonic shock
Mahboobe Rezaei Younes Ghasemi Anousheh Sharifan Hossein Bakhoda -
Open Access Article
41 - Optimization of methanol-water solvent extraction of anthocyanins from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) petals using response surface methodology
Mahboobeh Eksiri Seyed Ahmad Shahidi Leila Nateghi -
Open Access Article
42 - Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Potential of Astragalus fasciculifolius Gum Extract Against Clostridium perfringens in Meatball Formulations Using Response Surface Methodology
Najmeh Khademi Pour Anousheh Sharifan Hossein BakhodaAstragalus fasciculifolius Boiss. is a native medicinal plant of Iran with a long history of traditional use. This study investigated the phenolic composition, antimicrobial activity, and growth dynamics of Clostridium perfringens when treated with ethanolic extracts MoreAstragalus fasciculifolius Boiss. is a native medicinal plant of Iran with a long history of traditional use. This study investigated the phenolic composition, antimicrobial activity, and growth dynamics of Clostridium perfringens when treated with ethanolic extracts of A. fasciculifolius gum. Phenolic profiling revealed hesperidin as the most abundant compound (17.61%). Extracts showed antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 156 and 78 mg/g against C. perfringens, respectively. Microscopy indicated membrane shrinkage and changes upon treatment. A quadratic model was developed to describe C. perfringens growth in meat over time at different extract concentrations and temperatures. Optimization predicted the lowest bacterial numbers at 7200.8 ppm extract concentration, 14.29 h storage time, and 4.0°C temperature. These results demonstrate that A. fasciculifolius gum possesses bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties against foodborne pathogens. The extract could potentially be developed as a natural preservative for the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Evaluation and statistical optimization of process variables for xylitol production by Candida kefyr
Fatemeh Hedayati Rad Anousheh Sharifan -
Open Access Article
44 - L_1 operator and Gauss map of quadric surfaces
A. Mohammadpouri L. Kafili R. HosseinoghliThe quadrics are all surfaces that can be expressed as a second degree polynomialin x, y and z. We study the Gauss map G of quadric surfaces in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space R^3 with respect to the so called L_1 operator ( Cheng-Yau operator □) acting on the smooth MoreThe quadrics are all surfaces that can be expressed as a second degree polynomialin x, y and z. We study the Gauss map G of quadric surfaces in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space R^3 with respect to the so called L_1 operator ( Cheng-Yau operator □) acting on the smooth functions defined on the surfaces. For any smooth functions f defined on the surfaces, L_f=tr(P_1o hessf), where P_1 is the1-th Newton transformation associated to the second fundamental form ofthe surface and hessf denotes the self-adjoint linear operator metrically equivalent to the Hessian of, L_1G=(L_1G_1, L_1G_2, L_1G_3), G=(G_1, G_2, G_3). As a result, we establish the classification theorem that the only quadric surfaces with Gauss map G satisfying L_1G=AG for some 3×3 matrix A are the spheres and flat ones. Furthermore, the spheres are the only compact quadric surfaces with Gauss map G satisfying L_1G=AG for some 3×3 matrix A. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Mathematical modeling of fluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching surface in a porous medium
Mahmoud ZarriniIn the current research, fluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching surface in a porous medium were studied; And a mathematical model for the boundary layer equations of its stretching surface based on the Navier-Stokes equations was presented in the form of partial MoreIn the current research, fluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching surface in a porous medium were studied; And a mathematical model for the boundary layer equations of its stretching surface based on the Navier-Stokes equations was presented in the form of partial differential equations and boundary conditions; that these equations were changed in the form of ordinary differential equations with boundary conditions by changing certain variables; And with the shooting numerical method, the boundary conditions of the model were changed to the initial conditions. Finally, an analytical solution for the fluid flow velocity was obtained and to find the heat transfer, the energy equation was solved by using the numerical method of Ronge-Kutta.Repeat (In the current research, fluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching surface in a porous medium were studied; And a mathematical model for the boundary layer equations of its stretching surface based on the Navier-Stokes equations was presented in the form of partial differential equations and boundary conditions; that these equations were changed in the form of ordinary differential equations with boundary conditions by changing certain variables; And with the shooting numerical method, the boundary conditions of the model were changed to the initial conditions. Finally, an analytical solution for the fluid flow velocity was obtained and to find the heat transfer, the energy equation was solved by using the numerical method of Ronge-Kutta.) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Modified Goal Programming Approach for Improving the Discrimination Power and Weights Dispersion
Sahand Daneshvar Nazila Shahi Fariba NajafzadehData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a technique based on linear programming (LP) to measure the relative efficiency of homogeneous units by considering inputs and outputs. The lack of discrimination among efficient decision making units (DMUs) and unrealistic input-outpu MoreData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a technique based on linear programming (LP) to measure the relative efficiency of homogeneous units by considering inputs and outputs. The lack of discrimination among efficient decision making units (DMUs) and unrealistic input-outputs weights have been known as the drawback of DEA. In this paper the new scheme based on a goal programming data envelopment analysis (GPDEA) are developed to moderate the homogeneity and reasonability of weights distribution by using of facet analysis On GPDEA (GPDEA-CCR and GPDEA-BCC) models. These modifications are done by considering the lower bounds for each individual inputs and outputs weights in standard CCR model and an upper bound just for free variable of standard BCC model. In the both of the cases the mentioned modification preserved the inputs and outputs weights from zero value. The modified GPDEA models also improve the discrimination power of DEA. The advantages of each modified GPDEA-CCR and GPDEA-BCC models are shown by some examples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Efficacy of LEARN's Multifaceted Intervention on the Level of Perceived Stress in Women Who Are on the Verge of Divorce
Parinaz Banisi Ghanbar Ali Delfan Azari Amir Yagubi Parnian Farhadi afshar -
Open Access Article
48 - Investigation of the efficiency and effectiveness of graphic shapes as an alternative communication format in providing accounting information
Mohammadreza Mehrabanpour Seyed Abbas Borhani Fatemeh Geramirad Fatemeh Karbalaei HasaniLittle attention has been yet paid by Iranian researchers in accounting to improving the communicative ability of financial statements. This research aims to know the reaction of users of financial statements by analyzing their speed and accuracy (efficiency and effecti MoreLittle attention has been yet paid by Iranian researchers in accounting to improving the communicative ability of financial statements. This research aims to know the reaction of users of financial statements by analyzing their speed and accuracy (efficiency and effectiveness) in interpreting the accounting information about company’s profitability, liquidity, and leverage using schematic faces format presentation compared to conventional formats such as financial ratios. According to the findings of the first hypothesis, the average time required for the analysis of financial statements using schematic figures, was about 29% of analysis time using financial ratios. The results of the second hypothesis suggests that subjects using schematic forms in 96% of cases and using financial ratios in 83% of cases have been achieved in decision-making. As a result, users of financial statements on average spend a shorter time (performance) and greater accuracy (effectiveness) in the interpretation of accounting information on profitability, liquidity and leverage, by using schematic figures compared to traditional forms of analysis information such as financial ratios and also have Zmijewski's bankruptcy model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The potential of compost-based organic nano-adsorbent (Compost/Fe3O4NPs) for contaminated soil remediation
laleh Ghafghazi Lobat Taghavi Behnam Rasekh Hadi Farahani Amir hesam HassaniOne of the most important emerging pollutants in human health, food safety, and environmental protection challenges is phthalate esters. Among these, the contamination of agricultural soils with the endocrine-disrupting chemical Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has be MoreOne of the most important emerging pollutants in human health, food safety, and environmental protection challenges is phthalate esters. Among these, the contamination of agricultural soils with the endocrine-disrupting chemical Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been confirmed globally. In this research, the DEHP-absorption potential of compost enriched with Fe3O4 NPs was identified. The effects of the sorbent dose in the range of 2–5 g.L-1, 3–11 pH, and DEHP concentration at 5–10 mg.L-1 on absorption efficiency (%) were optimized via response surface methodology in design expert software. The kinetic equilibrium experiment results showed a two-step process, requiring 6 hours of equilibrium time for the exothermic adsorption process at 25ºC. The adsorption process of DEHP fitted best to the pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 = 0.9932) and the linear form of the Freundlich isotherm models. In the central composite design, the significant quadratic model was validated and used to predict the interaction of variables (P-value <0.0001, adjusted R2 = 0.9753). The optimum conditions of absorption efficiency (74.173%) were obtained at a sorbent dosage of 4.157 g.L-1, pH 5.85, and a DEHP concentration of 4.88 mg.L-1 with a desirability of 0.987. The comparison of FTIR absorption spectra confirmed the active participation of O-H bands (functional groups of phenol, alcohol, and carboxyl) and primary amine (N-H) in the DEHP absorption through interaction with the oxygen atom of the phthalate ester group (C=O). As a result of its successful and acceptable efficiency, using compost/Fe3O4 NP absorbent based on organic wastes is a low-cost and eco-friendly technique for DEHP removal from sensitive ecosystems and also to improve the efficiency of bioremediation in agricultural soils amended by compost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - A Study on effects of Virtual social networks (Facebook) On Youngsters’ Lifestyle
Sheyda Shekari Namin Ebrahim HajiyaniIntroduction and purposes: The virtual world is a universe which its effects on our lives have not only always been attractive but also a question and due to its over-expansion in today’s world, it has created a great deal of sensitivity. Therefore, at this resear MoreIntroduction and purposes: The virtual world is a universe which its effects on our lives have not only always been attractive but also a question and due to its over-expansion in today’s world, it has created a great deal of sensitivity. Therefore, at this research, we have tried to study these tools of communication & their effects on a statistical population, which in this case have been the students of Azad Tehran-Central University.Method: Accordingly, 300 questionnaires were distributed among two groups of social networks members & non-members students & by designing questions related to social networks and lifestyle, we studied the effects of these kinds of communication tools on lifestyles of Azad Tehran-Central university students, in order to answer this fundamental question that whether there is a meaningful relation between membership & presence at virtual social networks (Facebook) and the lifestyles of Azad Tehran-Central university students. This was analyzed by taking advantage of descriptive & inferential statistics (frequency, frequency percentage & frequency distribution rate & table) and the SPSS software.Findings: In this regards, the hypothesis of this research was set, as “there seems to be a meaningful relation between membership and presence at virtual social networks (Facebook) & the lifestyle of Azad Tehran-Central university students”.Conclusion: The research has shown that neither the length of membership at virtual social networks nor the amount of activity at these networks have not under-liedthe formation of any special lifestyle among the statistical population, therefore the hypothesis of this research was rejected and the lack of a direct relationship between membership at social networks & a significant lifestyle is proved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Influential Factors in the social network Facebook to attract students of Social Communication Sciences
Behroz Shahsavari BiBIsadat MiresmailyIntroduction and purpose: Due to full of audience on Facebook compared to other social networking, our study will be on this network.Given that membership of virtual social networks , especially Facebook, is growing in our country and the frequency Among students, accor MoreIntroduction and purpose: Due to full of audience on Facebook compared to other social networking, our study will be on this network.Given that membership of virtual social networks , especially Facebook, is growing in our country and the frequency Among students, according to statistics published by various news sources, growing certified Factors , increase the population and its causes can be helpful.Methods: The study of stratified sampling is used. In addition to statistical data analysis spss software is used.In this study, a stratified random sampling method was used and also to select the size of the sample population in each layer assignment method is suitable or PPS For stratified sampling method To achieve a higher degree of representativeness to lose.Methodology, Survey and Libraries and measuring tool was a questionnaire Survey, All students of Social Communication Sciences of Islamic Azad University of Tehran as well as Science and ResearchTehran University to analyze statistical data, Spss software package is used.Findings: the study of descriptive results demonstrates that most of the respondents were within the age range of 20-27 and the highest frequency of 55.7% belongs to the women. Among the hypotheses which investigated the effect of social, political, and economic participation, education and information, and the entertaining social network of facebook on the students of the science of communication, only the economic participation was disapproved.Results: the social networks in the developed communities -where there are appropriate infrastructures related to communication and information- play essential roles in the communication between the governments and the nations. In contrary, in the developing countries (like Iran) and underdeveloped ones, internet utilities and virtual social networks which employ the most advanced technologies for fulfilling the satisfaction of the customers are not used appropriately because there are not enough infrastructures for developing the internet network and the governments impose some limitations in these countries. In the present study, some promising results were gained in all areas except the economic participation which can be explained by the reasons like slow economic online activities, lack of trust in these activities and lack of knowledge on the part of users about different economic activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Ultrasonic Assisted Removal of humic acids (HAs) from aqueous solutions on Uultrasonically polysulfone/ X% Fe2O3 mixed matrix membrane, An Experimental Design Methodology
Fereydoon Khazali Shahnaz Davoudi -
Open Access Article
53 - Ultrasonic Assisted Removal of Methyl Paraben on Ultrasonically Synthesized Zn(OH)2-NPs-AC: Experimental Design Methodology
Amir Abbas Ghazali -
Open Access Article
54 - حذف رنگ بنفش کریستال با استفاده از جاذب سنتزی سیکلودکسترین اصلاح شده با نانو ذرات اکسید آهن و به کمک امواج فراصوت؛ با متدلوژی طراحی تجربی
Ali Omaniziarati Gholamhossein Vatankhahدر این پژوهش، کاربرد جاذب سیکلو دکسترین/نانو ذرات اکسید آهن سنتز شده به عنوان یک جاذب جدید برای حذف رنگ بنفش کریستال از محیط های آبی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این مقاله بر توسعه یک روش موثر برای به دست آوردن شرایط بهینه حذف با کمک امواج فراصوت برای حذف حداکثر رنگ بنفش کریست Moreدر این پژوهش، کاربرد جاذب سیکلو دکسترین/نانو ذرات اکسید آهن سنتز شده به عنوان یک جاذب جدید برای حذف رنگ بنفش کریستال از محیط های آبی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این مقاله بر توسعه یک روش موثر برای به دست آوردن شرایط بهینه حذف با کمک امواج فراصوت برای حذف حداکثر رنگ بنفش کریستال بر روی CM-β-CD-Fe3O4NPs در یک محلول آبی با استفاده از روش سطح پاسخ (RSM) تمرکز دارد. این جاذب جدید با تکنیک­های مختلف مانند FT-IR ،XRD و SEM مشخصه یابی و ارزیابی گردید. تأثیر متغیرهایی مانند غلظت اولیه رنگ(X1) ،pH (X2) ، دوز جاذب (X3) و زمان فراصوت (X4) با طراحی مرکب مرکزی (CCD) تحت روش سطح پاسخ مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این فرآیند به صورت تجربی مدل­سازی شد تا متغیرهای مهم و فعل و انفعالات احتمالی آنها آشکار شود. شرایط بهینه سازی برای زمان تابش امواج فراصوت،pH ، مقدار جاذب وغلظت رنگ به ترتیب، 10 میلی­گرم بر لیتر، 6، 5 دقیقه و 025/0 گرم تعیین شد. در نهایت، نشان داده شد که حذف رنگ بنفش کریستالی توسط جاذب در pH برابر با 6 اتفاق افتاد. به وضوح ثابت شد که جذب رنگ مورد مطالعه با معادله سینتیکی شبه درجه دوم مطابقت دارد و همدمای لانگمویر داده های تعادل را توضیح می­دهد. حداکثر ظرفیت تک لایه جذب توسط جاذب (qmax)برای رنگ مورد مطالعه در شرایط بهینه 100 میلی­گرم بر گرم بدست آمد. گرمازا بودن این فرآیند با مقدار منفی (ΔG˚، ΔH˚ وΔS˚) ثابت شد که نشان از میل جاذب سنتز شده CM-β-CD-Fe3O4NPs برای حذف رنگ بنفش کریستال دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - بررسی ساختار و دینامیک در رابط نانو ورق آب- نیکل و مقایسه آن با آب حجیم، با استفاده از میدانهای نیروی واکنشی
karim zare marziyeh samimi majid monajemiدر این کار، خواص ساختاری و دینامیکی آب بر روی نانو ورق نیکل را بررسی کردیم. برهمکنش مولکول های آب بر روی سطح نیکل با استفاده از دینامیک مولکولی میدان نیروی واکنشی (ReaxFF-MM) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که مولکول های آب در نزدیکی سطح نیکل از نظر ساختار و دینام Moreدر این کار، خواص ساختاری و دینامیکی آب بر روی نانو ورق نیکل را بررسی کردیم. برهمکنش مولکول های آب بر روی سطح نیکل با استفاده از دینامیک مولکولی میدان نیروی واکنشی (ReaxFF-MM) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که مولکول های آب در نزدیکی سطح نیکل از نظر ساختار و دینامیک تغییر می کنند. مولکول های آب یک ساختار دو لایه نزدیک به سطح نیکل تشکیل می دهند. علاوه بر این، اثرات طبقه بندی شدید در نزدیکی سطوح نیکل قابل مشاهده است. برای انجام این کار، محاسبات ابتدا با استفاده از ReaxFF به منظور بازتولید برخی از خواص شناخته شده سیستم های نیکل خالص و نیکل-آب انجام شد. ما هم مشخصات چگالی و هم تابع توزیع شعاعی (RDF) لایههای آب را از سطح نیکل محاسبه کردیم. نمایه چگالی احتمال اتمی نشان میدهد که آب به شدت بر روی سطح کریستوبالیت نیکل جذب میشود، در حالی که RDF مولکولهای آب متفاوتی را در اولین لایه جذب نشان میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Response Surface Methodology for Removal of Butyl Paraben Dye Using Zeolitic Imidazolate-67 Modified by Fe3O4 Nanoparticles from Aqueous Solutions
Arezoo Ghadi Mohammad Pourmohammad Ali Aghababai Beni -
Open Access Article
57 - Investingation and Chemisorption study of Oxygen Atoms and Cr (100) surface by DFT calculation
A. Kazemi Babaheydari K. Zare F. Mollaamin -
Open Access Article
58 - Plane-wave Pseuclopotential Density Functional Theory periodic Slab Calculations of NO Adsorption on Co(111) Surface
F. Khazali M. Gholami K. Zare -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigation of chemical adsorption of CO, CO2, [12 and NO molecules on inside and outside of single-wall nanotube using HF and DET calculations
M. Keshavarz M. Beheshti -
Open Access Article
60 - Nitromethane - Methyl Nitrite Rearrangement: The Seising of Discrepancy between Theory and Experiment
Jamshid Najafpour -
Open Access Article
61 - Introducing critical residues in the human prion protein and its Asp 178 Asn mutant by molecular dynamics simulation
S. Mansouri -
Open Access Article
62 - Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon derived from olive stone as adsorbent for Congo Red
S. Javad Hosseini H. Aghaie M. Ghaedi -
Open Access Article
63 - Al-Wahed (Unity) Rule: a Theological, Philosophical, and Interpretational Appraisal
maryam khoshnevisan sadredin tahery Babak AbbasiIslamic theologians and philosophers are disagree on the subject of issuing plurality from unity which is followed in Islamic philosophy under the title of the Al-Wahed or unity rule that says “no more than one is issued from the one”. Islamic theologi MoreIslamic theologians and philosophers are disagree on the subject of issuing plurality from unity which is followed in Islamic philosophy under the title of the Al-Wahed or unity rule that says “no more than one is issued from the one”. Islamic theologians based on theological criteria and the contents of narrated documents reject this rule. However, most of Islamic philosophers believe in the originality and correctness of this rule. In this article, first, the contents of the rule have been introduced and then the arguments of both sides debated. Two important theological arguments against the rule discussed more profoundly. First, the claim that this rule entails the denial of the will of God; second, this rule entails the denial of the power of God. Then, in evaluating the second argument, about twenty verses of the Holy Qur'an are categorized in four groups and it has been proved that the rule of unity, whether true or false, does not contradict the verses of the Holy Qur'an. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Relation between Drainage Density and soil Erosion rate (Case study: five watersheds in Ardebil Province, Iran)
ابوالفضل معینی Nazafarin Karami Zarandi Ebrahim PaziraDrainage density is one of the parameters that can be considered as an indicator of erosion rate. This study analysed the relation between drainage density and soil erosion in five watersheds in Iran. The drainage density was measured using satellite images, aerial phot MoreDrainage density is one of the parameters that can be considered as an indicator of erosion rate. This study analysed the relation between drainage density and soil erosion in five watersheds in Iran. The drainage density was measured using satellite images, aerial photos, and topographic maps by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies. MPSIAC model was employed in a GIS environment to create soil erosion maps using data from meteorological stations, soil surveys, topographic maps, satellite images and results of other relevant studies. Then the correlation between drainage density and erosion rate was measured. T.The results indicate that the relationship between these two factors improved when the types of sheet erosion, mechanical erosion and mass erosion was ignored because these types of erosion were not mainly influenced by the power of runoff. There was a high correlation between drainage density and erosion in most of the watersheds. Finally a significant relationship was seen between drainage density and erosion in all watersheds. Based on the results obtained, the present method for distinguishing soil erosion was effective and can be used for operational erosion monitoring in other watersheds with the same climate characteristics in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The Role Drainage Plate Network, Channel and Ecological Reservoir in the Management of Urban Surface Runoff; Case Study: Town of Sajadieh Tehran
Saeid Amanpour Morteza Abiyat Mostefa AbiyatVeneered surfaces, roofs of buildings, streets and the like in urban areas as a barrier against the infiltration of rainwater into the soil and groundwater recharge.They cause more of rainfall to surface runoff and floodsto be converted. Combined method influence, stora MoreVeneered surfaces, roofs of buildings, streets and the like in urban areas as a barrier against the infiltration of rainwater into the soil and groundwater recharge.They cause more of rainfall to surface runoff and floodsto be converted. Combined method influence, storage and transmission of Atlantis, as the most urban runoff management approach, including implementation of a network of underground ducts, using Atlantis materials and execution of drainage layers on it and store water collected from the network. In this way, the possibility of penetration, transfer and storage provided and benefit levels increased urban streets as well as the transfer and accumulation of contamination is prevented. Town sajadieh located in the lower elevations of the highway and besat shahrzad and street in the south and west causes waterlogging town streets in the rain times. The present study has a descriptive, analytical approach and to investigate the role drainage plate networks, channel and ecological reservoir as the new approach in connection with control and management of surface runoff in town sajadieh Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The Geomorphology of Darangir playa
R. Noujavan H. SadoughEvery kind of Geomorphological Landscapes has a basic roll in regionaldevelopment.In Yazd province using every kind of land use projects withought consideringplaya's landscape can't Complot the chain of it's development and Constraction,because. The playa's landscape is MoreEvery kind of Geomorphological Landscapes has a basic roll in regionaldevelopment.In Yazd province using every kind of land use projects withought consideringplaya's landscape can't Complot the chain of it's development and Constraction,because. The playa's landscape is one of the basic. Units of morphotectonic. In thisprovince. (Siah Kooh playa – Abar kooh playa Daranjir- Harat and marvast playa's andSaghand playa and….)Finding away for using, Landuse projects has a special roll in regional developmentAnd researching and recognizing this landscapes is one of the basic part of landuseproject in this province.Among of these playa's , Daranjir or bafgh playa is the thired playa (From the pointof area viwes) which it's shape like a hole (North – west to south – east).It's placed between kharanagh and bafgh. Which is in east of Yazd province.In this paper. Which is provide in base of Analytical Methodes and using a numberof digital dataes, in GIS Frame work, We can recognized different geomorphologicalaspects of this region and it's potential. In five surfaces (Convex, Concave – traces andun sustainability wind surfaces) and Conclude that: Knowing the paleo and dinamysmgeomorphology Of this region.Has an important roll in Document of Development sterategy Frame work .Because of the result of this researches. Salinization process is active in Daranjirplaya now (We can see it's effects on different part of playa).There are some Evidence of active Tectonic in the south – west of this region andanalysis of drainages show anticidence conception too.Because of above Conclusion and several other limitations we can say this region isnot suitable for development in tourism Field.The main axes of development in this area can be concentrated on mine activitiesespecially. Rare metals element which is deposite in playa Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Thermal classification of Ahvaz city using ETM Thermal Images
فریده AZIMIThe thermal remote sensing is a branch of remote sensing which discusses about processes and interpretation of data in thermal infrared (TIR) of electromagnetic spectrum. The main of the research is to present a method measuring the surface temperature of Ahvaz city usi MoreThe thermal remote sensing is a branch of remote sensing which discusses about processes and interpretation of data in thermal infrared (TIR) of electromagnetic spectrum. The main of the research is to present a method measuring the surface temperature of Ahvaz city using thermal images. To achieve the aim, after pre-process operations on images and geometric correction, the supervise classification method was used to determine the land use types. The sixth band of ETM+ was used to determine the surface temperature. After exerting the relevant relationships and corrections to the kind of land use, the thermal map was produced dividing into five qualitative temperature levels. The results of the research showed that the 8th municipality area in Ahvaz by 39 o C was distinguished with the highest surface temperature because of the existence of magnificent steel factories of khoozestan. Accordingly, the 5th area where are known with most green space among the total municipality areas, by 32.7 o C was considered with the lowest temperature. Applying land use temperature, it is distinguished that the water and green land classes with 24.3 o C and 30.1 o C have the lowest and the industrial and unutilized land classes with 39.6 o C and 38.1 o C have the highest surface temperature, respectively. This research indicated a direct relationship between land use and surface temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Analysis of farmers' behavior in using low pressure irrigation technology based on the development of the decomposed theory of planned behavior
arezo mokhtari hesari roholah rezaei Hossein shabanali fami ali nematiThe present study aimed to analyze the Farmers' Behavior in Using Low-pressure Irrigation System. This qualitative study is performed in East Azarbaijan province. The statistical sample population consists of 393 farmers out of 112010 farmers of East Azarbaijan province MoreThe present study aimed to analyze the Farmers' Behavior in Using Low-pressure Irrigation System. This qualitative study is performed in East Azarbaijan province. The statistical sample population consists of 393 farmers out of 112010 farmers of East Azarbaijan province. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire that face validity and convergent validity were used to assess the validity of the questionnaire. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the mean of variance extracted was acceptable for the studied structures (AVE≥0.522). Also, the combined reliability value was suitable for all structures (CR≥0.785). The SPSS version 20 and AMOS version 21 were used to analyze the data. In order to better understand the main factors influencing the behavior of low-pressure irrigation systems, the research model was based on the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) and extended. In this study, two variables of moral norm and self-identity have been added to the initial model of the decomposed theory of planned behavior, which has made it more complete and comprehensive. The results of using structural equation modeling showed that EDTPB had a suitable effectiveness and efficiency to predict farmers' behavior in using low-pressure irrigation system. In addition, variables including compatibility, advantages, facilitators, self-efficacy, attitudes, moral norms, self-identity and behavioral control were explained 72% of the variance changes. Also, the variables of benefits and adaptation explained 33% of the variance of attitudes towards the use of low pressure irrigation system and the variables of self-efficacy and facilitators explained about 21% of the variance of farmers' behavioral controling of the application of low pressure irrigation system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Presenting an efficiency analysis model of posts in social networks of digital marketing (Case Study: Facebook)
Mohhamad Reza Shahriari -
Open Access Article
70 - Consolidated Technique of Response Surface Methodology and Data Envelopment Analysis for setting the parameters of meta-heuristic algorithms - Case study: Production Scheduling Problem
Seyed Esmail Najafi Reza Behnoud -
Open Access Article
71 - Some Conditions for Characterizing Minimum Face in Non-Radial DEA Models with Undesirable Outputs
Sevan Sohraiee -
Open Access Article
72 - Optimization the antioxidative properties of catfish (Arius thalassinus) skin gelatin hydrolysate using response surface methodology
A. Taheri, V. Mokhtarnezhad, A. Motamedzadegan,Free radicals are cause of the various diseases. Oxidation also reduces the quality of the foodand causes the disease. Synthetic antioxidants have human health risks, so it is necessary toidentify the natural antioxidant agents. The objective of this study was to optimi MoreFree radicals are cause of the various diseases. Oxidation also reduces the quality of the foodand causes the disease. Synthetic antioxidants have human health risks, so it is necessary toidentify the natural antioxidant agents. The objective of this study was to optimize theproduction of gelatin hydrolysissate with antioxidant properties. The catfish skin gelatin wasextracted using sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid and citric acid by the washing after eachtreatment, finally 3 volumes of distilled water added at 45° C for 12 h in a shaker incubator andhydrolyzed under various conditions of temperature, enzyme concentration and time using theFlavourzyme. Gelatin for measuring the ion chelating of ferrous iron, mixed with FeCl2 andFrosin and after ten minutes of stay at room temperature, absorbance at 562 nm was measured.Response surface methodology was used to optimize the production of gelatin hydrolysis. Thetest variables included the time (min), temperature (oC) and enzyme-substrate ratio (%), percentthe chelated Fe (II) was considered as a response. Analysis of variance showed significance ofthe models, temperature and enzyme to substrate (P<0.05) and not significance for the time(P>0.05). This indicates a good fitness to the model. Catfish skin gelatin hydrolysate show agood percent Fe (II) ion chelating in the range of 20-81%. The results suggest antioxidantpeptides from catfish skin gelatin hydrolysis can be a potential candidate for the pharmaceuticalindustry and for the development of functional foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Evaluation of user interface of Iranian Children National Library in terms of meeting general and specialized criteria
Mohammad Hassanzadeh Sara sohrabzadehPurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the Children's National Digital Library of I. R. Iran. We strived to evaluate the user interface (UI) of the library with “general criteria for evaluating digital libraries” that have been extracted by Noruzi (2009) and MorePurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the Children's National Digital Library of I. R. Iran. We strived to evaluate the user interface (UI) of the library with “general criteria for evaluating digital libraries” that have been extracted by Noruzi (2009) and functionalities of the library by special criteria extracted by researchers. Method: The study used an evaluative document study method. The researcher used to compare the user interface and core functionalities of the library against extracted criteria. Findings: Findings of the study showed that conformation rate of the Library's interface with the general criteria was 28/62 percent and this account for general and special criteria was 91/90 percent. Results: Combining the obtained results in evaluation of user interface from the viewpoints of public and special evaluating criteria, the National Library of Children and Adolescent have suitably operated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Satisfaction rate and viewpoint of librarians of Jundi Shapur University of Medical Sciences about windows and web-based software of pars Azarakhsh
Zahra Chaik Morteza Kokabi Mohammad Hassan AzimiPurpose: The purpose of the present study is to examine and compare the users interfaces of web-based and windows-based versions of Pars Azarakhsh software from librarians' viewpoints in Jundi Shapur University of Medical Sciences, and studying their satisfaction with u MorePurpose: The purpose of the present study is to examine and compare the users interfaces of web-based and windows-based versions of Pars Azarakhsh software from librarians' viewpoints in Jundi Shapur University of Medical Sciences, and studying their satisfaction with user interfaces of these two versions. Methodology: The research is a survey one. Statistical population consists of librarians working with user interfaces of two versions of Pars Azarakhsh software, from Jundi Shapur University of Medical Sciences. The data were gathered by a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software, Ver. 19. Findings: The results of studying librarians' satisfaction with user interfaces of the two versions of ParsAzarakhsh showed that they were mostly satisfied with display and less with help factor. Conclusion: The results showed that the status of the user interfaces factors in the web-based and windows-based versions of Pars Azarakhsh was moderate and in this end, necessary steps need to be taken to improve efficiency and optimization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Evaluating the Performance of Biocomposite Pipes as a Subsurface Irrigation Method in Culturing Panicum (Panicum antidotale)
saeed rangrizi hosseinali bahrami mehran kianirad aboozar shojaaddiniConsidering the limited access to fresh water resources and intense plant respiration and high evapotranspiration in deserts and arid regions, subsurface irrigation seems to be the most appropriate method for cultivation. The aim of this study was finding a proper subsu MoreConsidering the limited access to fresh water resources and intense plant respiration and high evapotranspiration in deserts and arid regions, subsurface irrigation seems to be the most appropriate method for cultivation. The aim of this study was finding a proper subsurface irrigation to supply moisture for plant roots using bio-composite water pipes to supply water for panicum. Experimental design was factorial experiment conducted based on completely randomized block design with three replications in the Faculty of Agriculture in Tarbiat Modarres University in 2015. Main factors included subsurface irrigation using three types of bio-composite water pipes manufactured P3, P8, P9, subsurface irrigation using subsurface porous clay capsules and flood irrigation (control treatment). Secondary factors included three drought stress levels of 25, 50, and 100% of soil field capacity (FC). Results showed that, subsurface irrigation treatment using water pipe P8 and drought stress level of 25%, and FC decrease for 12.68%, was the lowest water consumption in irrigation. In addition, in subsurface irrigation, height, wet and dry weights were significantly different at %1 level compared to flood irrigation. Therefore, with regard to responsiveness of panicum water demand to subsurface irrigation using bio-composite water pipes, and considering the results of this research using subsurface irrigation by bio-composite water pipes, it is recommended to optimize water consumption for urban areas located in arid and semi-arid regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Soil nitrate transport in subsurface drip irrigation with different lateral spacing under turfgrass culture using municipal wastewater
سید حسن طباطبائی سیدمحمد موسویThe main objective of this study was determination of the effects of water quality, installation depth and space of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) laterals on soil nitrate under turfgrass culture at the experimental farm of the Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. MoreThe main objective of this study was determination of the effects of water quality, installation depth and space of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) laterals on soil nitrate under turfgrass culture at the experimental farm of the Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. Split Split Plot was employed as the experimental design with experimental arrangement of completely randomized block design including 16 treatments and three replications. Treatments included two types of water quality: fresh water (W) and treated wastewater (WW), two installation spacing of SDI laterals (45 and 60 cm) and four depths of placement of SDI dripper (15, 20, 25 and 30 cm). Soil samples were collected from two layers (0-30 and 30-60 cm) and analyzed for No3- at the end of the experiment. The ANOVA results show that interaction of irrigation water quality × lateral spacing × installation depth of SDI laterals was significant on No3- concentration in the layers. The results indicated that irrigation with the wastewater as compared to fresh water causes higher No3- concentration. The No3- concentration in the first and second layers increased by increasing lateral spacing. Also in the first layer, by increasing of lateral depth No3- concentration decreased at first, then increased, whereas in the second layer with increasing lateral depth, decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Impact pressures of falling jets on the plunging pool bed
منوچهر فتحی مقدم سجاد کیانی بابک لشکرآراPlunging pools are constructed at the downstream of dam spillways to dissipate the excess energy. The turbulent flow velocity converts to the dynamic pressure due to impact of flow with the pool’s bed. The aim of this research is to determine impact pressure of a MorePlunging pools are constructed at the downstream of dam spillways to dissipate the excess energy. The turbulent flow velocity converts to the dynamic pressure due to impact of flow with the pool’s bed. The aim of this research is to determine impact pressure of a vertical jet on plunging pool bed. Hence, the experiments were carried out in four different discharges (ranging from 6 to 27.5 lit/s according to the nozzle diameters), three jet diameters including 4.3, 5.2 and 8.2 cm and four falling heights of 37, 60, 90 and 120 cm. Also the experiments are conducted in similar flow conditions for smooth and rough surfaces, and results are compared. Dynamic pressures were measured with a pressure transducer. The analysis of data showed that increase of jet diameter causes decrement in the dynamic pressure coefficient. Results revealed an increase in dynamic pressures due to roughness of contacting surface. Moreover, variations of jet Froude number and fall length have significant effects on the dynamic pressure coefficient. The impact pressure was the highest in the surface center and was gradually reduced in outer zones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Effect of soil surface water repellency on the evaporation rate from three soils with different textures
Shahram Shahmohammadi Kalalagh حسین بیرامیReducing irrigation losses due to surface evaporation by using water repellent soil surface can help in maintaining water in the current situation that our country is suffering from water deficit. In this research, the effect of creating a water-repellent layer on the s MoreReducing irrigation losses due to surface evaporation by using water repellent soil surface can help in maintaining water in the current situation that our country is suffering from water deficit. In this research, the effect of creating a water-repellent layer on the soil surface in the form of anti-evaporation mulch layer was evaluated on three soil textures (sandy loam, loam and clay loam). For this purpose, soils artificially hydrophobized by Stearic acid at four different concentrations and water drop penetration time method to obtain four different degrees of water repellency. And its effect on the rate of surface evaporation from the small lysimeters (with height and diameter 30 cm) located at the ground was investigated in the form of water-repellent layer with three-centimeter thickness. All experiments were conducted at a field in Marand area (latitude: 38° 25' 16.87'' N and longitude: 45° 47' 30.30'' E) in summer 2016. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design with five treatments degree of water repellency and three replications. After analysis by SPSS and Duncan test (5% level), the average comparison carried out between evaporation in the different water repellency degrees for three soils. The results showed that the surface the water-repellent layer significantly decreased the amount of evaporation in the mentioned three soils. Also, the surface evaporation reduction rate was increased with increasing the water repellency degree. The maximum reduction of evaporation with increasing in the water repellency degree compared to the control treatment (zero degrees of water repellency) was 78.3 %, 42.2 % and 30.1 % in the sandy loam, loam and clay loam soil, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The effect of geocomposite sheets on the wetting pattern in subsurface irrigation system
فاطمه Heshmati Mahdi Ghobadinia M.R Nouri S.H tabatabaeiClogging of emitters is one of the main problems in subsurface drip irrigation. The objective of this study was investigation of effect of Geocomposite on wetting pattern in subsurface irrigation system. This research was conducted in lysimeters located at Shahrekord Un MoreClogging of emitters is one of the main problems in subsurface drip irrigation. The objective of this study was investigation of effect of Geocomposite on wetting pattern in subsurface irrigation system. This research was conducted in lysimeters located at Shahrekord University research field. The study was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 10 treatments and three replications of three factors. The first factor of experiment was geocomposite shape with the same area on two levels (shape square with dimensions (4 × 4) square centimeters and rectangular with dimensions (2 × 8) square centimeters), the second factor was combination of geocomposite material on two levels (two layers of geotextile on both sides of Geonet and The second level, a layer of geomembrane and a layer of geotextile on both sides of geonet), the third factor of placement in the soil at on two position (horizontal and vertical) and emitter with envelopment (in two position horizontal and vertical) were used as control. The ground wet and wet the maximum of soil depth profiles were measured. The results was showed that geocomposite of shape square with dimensions (4 × 4) square centimeters for a layer of geomembrane and a layer of geotextile on both sides and how to align horizontally in the soil wet ground level by lowering the 21.55 percent and increased 17.1 percent wet the soil deep profile compared to control (emitter with envelopment horizontally in the soil) is the most effective and best conditions on wetting profiles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Investigation of the relationship between net radiation flux and environmental characteristics and land surface coverage using satellite image (case study: south of Kerman province)
Seyed Karim afshari poor saeed Hamzeh saman nadizadeh shorabehThe amount of earth's surface net radiation directly depend on surface temperature, land use, soil and topography. In the present study, Landsat8 satellite imagery is used to estimate net radiation flux. Then, with using systematic sampling at 500 m intervals, the value MoreThe amount of earth's surface net radiation directly depend on surface temperature, land use, soil and topography. In the present study, Landsat8 satellite imagery is used to estimate net radiation flux. Then, with using systematic sampling at 500 m intervals, the value of each surface layer for example The LST, NDVI, altitude, slope, aspect, soil type and land use at the sample points for analysis were extracted. Mono-Window algorithm has been used to extract LST. The results showed that there is a direct correlation between the increase in altitude and NDVI with net radiation flux. The linear correlation coefficients were also 0.68 and 0.19 respectively. There is also an inverse relationship with the linear correlation coefficient of 0.74 between net radiation flux and LST. And from survey the rate of net radiation flux in different geographical directions in the case study it was found that in the northwest with 637(w/m2) the highest net radiation flux and eastern orientation with 582.7 (w/m2) had the lowest rate of net radiation flux. The net radiation flux in these directions with the slope rate had a direct correlation with correlation coefficient 0.54. In addition, the rate of net radiation flux at water levels such as lake and reservoir dam with 817 (w/m2) has the highest rate of net radiation flux and saline lands with 509 (w/m2) of minimum net radiation flux. There is the highest and lowest rate of net radiation flux in inceptisols and badland areas, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Impact Assessment of Operating Agricultural Management Scenarios on Quality and Quantity of Surface Water Resources Using Semi-Distributed Model and Checking the Vulnerability of the Aquifer (Case study: Hashtgerd Plain)
Mahmoodreza Nooralinejad Islamloo Mojtaba Shourian S. Sadjad MehdizadehBackground and Aim: The source of many qualitative and quantitative problems of water resources is the activities that are done in a watershed. Therefore, reviewing the planning strategies of watershed can lead to the reduction of these challenges therefore it is necess MoreBackground and Aim: The source of many qualitative and quantitative problems of water resources is the activities that are done in a watershed. Therefore, reviewing the planning strategies of watershed can lead to the reduction of these challenges therefore it is necessary to assess the effects of operating of these strategies before implementing them. Method: This research is carried out in the Hashtgerd basin is located in the central part of Alborz province. After making the semi distributed hydrological model (SWAT), this model has been developed to convert quantity and quality of surface water resources. For this purpose, the statistics of hydrometric stations Fashand, Dehsomeh and Najmabad and qualitative data of nitrate of the index station were calibrated and validated as control points. After model sensitivity analysis, its calibration process was conducted using SWAT-CUP software with SUFI2 algorithm and 500 iteration and the best values of selected parameters were obtained. Then, impact of implementing management scenarios are required such as modifying cropping pattern and improving irrigation methods to enhance the agricultural efficiency for improving agricultural state and reducing the contaminations. At last assessing the vulnerability of the Hastgerd aquifer using seven DRASTIC parameters by overlaying layers, ranking and weighing was assessed. Results: The results of the monthly surface runoff simulation were tested by Nash-Sutcliffe indicators and coefficient of determination. The results above 0.7 which showed that the simulation was done with good precision showed that simulation was done with proper precision(results over 0.7). The results of the Nitrate calibration and validation show that the NS was 0.83 and 0.7 and the R2 was estimated .87 and 0.89. These values indicate the proper performance of the model and approve high correlation between the observed and simulated data. After determining the vulnerability map of the Hashtgerd aquifer along the density of wells correcting the weights of the model layers, the central part of the plain is the most vulnerable. Conclusion: Two management scenarios were modeled including the change in the cropping pattern and improvement of the irrigation efficiency to assess the quality and quantity variation in surface resource. It was indicated, by modifying the cropping pattern and reducing water exploitation, the amount of surface runoff was increased. However, the density of Nitrate was reduced by 5 to 20 percent in different months. With implementation of scenarios, the water consumption in the agriculture sector will be reduced from the 85.3 MCM to 59.8 MCM. The final vulnerability index of the aquifer varied between 44 to 90 by using DRASTIC method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - The effect of constructed structures on time of concentration (Case study: Izeh watershed)
Alireza Jamshidian Mohammad Heidarnejad مریم محمدزادهEstimating the time of concentration is one of the most important concepts in physiographic and hydrologic studies in watersheds, and relatively correct estimation of it greatly influences calculation of hydrologic parameters, especially flood peak discharge. Constructi MoreEstimating the time of concentration is one of the most important concepts in physiographic and hydrologic studies in watersheds, and relatively correct estimation of it greatly influences calculation of hydrologic parameters, especially flood peak discharge. Construction of check dams in watersheds leading to residential areas is one of the strategies for changing time of concentration and reducing channel slope, which are substantially effective in controlling floods and reducing flood peak discharge. This research intended to evaluate the effects of corrective structures on hydrologic behavior of watersheds based on flood index. In this study Changes in time of concentration and flood discharge were compared between 1384-1389 years from construction of corrective structures by studying the region, topographic conditions, and protective measures. The return period between 1.25 to 100 years was selected. The parameters of the numbers and heights of the check dams, hydrologic soil groups, channel slopes, time of concentration, regional hydrology, and area of each watershed parcel were studied for this comparison. Results indicated that construction of corrective structures increased time of concentration in I28, I13, I12, I10, I9, I8, I6, I4 parcels amount of 4,8.74,2.68,1.43,1.31,2.01, 0.51 and 11.78 respectively. The lowest percentage increase in the concentration of Parcel No. I13 with a 1 percent. The maximum time to focus on I28, with 11.78 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Evaluating the Efficiency of Earth2Observe Re-Analysis Dataset and VIC-3L for Estimation of Runoff
Sakine Koohi Asghar Azizian Luca BroccaThe main objective of this study is to assess the performance of Earth2Observe's GHMs and LSMs reanalysis models in estimating runoff at the outlet of Sefidrood river basin (SRB). In addition, for better evaluating the efficiency of Earth2Observe uncalibrated models, th MoreThe main objective of this study is to assess the performance of Earth2Observe's GHMs and LSMs reanalysis models in estimating runoff at the outlet of Sefidrood river basin (SRB). In addition, for better evaluating the efficiency of Earth2Observe uncalibrated models, the VIC-3L land surface model is implemented over the SRB and calibrated using observed discharges. Results showed that, based on CC and NS statistics, the performance of SURFEX-TRIP model in both daily and monthly time scales is the best one and it led to the same results as well as VIC-3L calibrated model. The values of CC and NS statistics, at daily time scale, in the case of SURFEX-TRIP model are 0.75 and 0.55, respectively, while at the monthly time scale these values are 0.86 and 0.73, respectively. As an overall, findings indicate that LSMs performs better than GHMs in simulating runoff and this may be due to the ability of LSMs in considering both water and energy budgets and they can exchange energy and mass between land surface and atmosphere. Therefore it is highly recommended to use the results of reanalysis models as an appropriate guidance, particularly in the case of ungauged catchments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Particles size distribution of Lake Urmia area soils erosion sampling by BSNE sampler
FATEMEH ZABIHI Mehrdad Esfandiari MOHAMMADREZA DALAIAN Abolfazl MoeiniRecently, the Lake Urmia has become one of the key dust sources in Iran due to a sharp drop in its water level. One of the essential information to decide how to deal with this problem is to know the distribution of the particles size carried at different heights above MoreRecently, the Lake Urmia has become one of the key dust sources in Iran due to a sharp drop in its water level. One of the essential information to decide how to deal with this problem is to know the distribution of the particles size carried at different heights above the soil surface. In order to trap the dust particles of the Lake Urmia area soils erosion, one of dust centers that was located in the southeastern of the Lake Urmia in 30 kilometers distance from the Tabriz-Azarshahr road was selected and the BSNE samplers (Big Spring Number Eight) were used. 14 pole, each of which had 4 samplers at 0.15, 0.5, 1 and 2 m heights above the soil surface were installed in a circle pattern. The samplers were evaluated in 12 interval periods (March 2016-February 2017) and the particle size distribution and the vertical profile of gathered particles were determined. Results showed that the amount of fine particles (0.15-0.053 mm) was greater than the coarse particles (1-0.25 mm). The highest amount of the fine particles was obtained at 100 and 200 cm and of the coarse particles was obtained at 15 cm height above the soil surface. When the height above the soil surface increased, the weight of gathered particles decreased. The power function was the best to explain changes between the weight of gathered particles and the height above the soil surface. There was a negative correlation between monthly rainfall and the weight of gathered particles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Efficiency of Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation on Surface Strength of Jabalkandi Dune Sand
Kazem Badv ّFarzaneh Douzali Joushin Mohsen BarinBy approaching towards Urmia Lake, the potential source of sand dust originating from the sand dunes can be clearly observed. Wind erosion causes soil and environmental degradation. The high cost of petroleum mulches and their destructive effects on the environment have MoreBy approaching towards Urmia Lake, the potential source of sand dust originating from the sand dunes can be clearly observed. Wind erosion causes soil and environmental degradation. The high cost of petroleum mulches and their destructive effects on the environment have led to the use of environmentally friendly and cheaper materials. In this study, the control of surface erosion of sand dust in the Jabalkandi region has been investigated by enhancing its surface strength by microbial-induced carbonate precipitation. An aerobic sporosarcina pasteurii bacteria, which exists pervasively in natural soil deposits was utilized to control soil erosion. The industrial corn extract has been used to cultivate this bacterium. To evaluate the effect of bacteria, the undrained shear strength of the soil was measured using insitu vane shear apparatus. The evaluated parameters included the bacteria concentration, retention time, effect of double injection with 7 days delay period, effect of environmental conditions on the bacteria functionality and the rate of gain of surface strength. The results showed improvement of the soil shear strength with time. The resulted maximum soil shear strength was 0.65 kg/cm2. The results indicated that the reinjection of the bacteria solution and cementation resulted in 60 % extra surface strength gain of the soil compared to one time injection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Influence of different subsurface drainage systems on nitrate losses from rainfed-canola croplands
Farzad HaghNazari Fatemeh Karandish Abdullah Darzi-Naftchali Jirka SimunekIn this research, which was carried out in the 4.5-ha consolidated paddy fields of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during two cropping cycles of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017, the influence of different drainage systems on total nitrate loss into l MoreIn this research, which was carried out in the 4.5-ha consolidated paddy fields of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during two cropping cycles of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017, the influence of different drainage systems on total nitrate loss into local surface water resources was investigated. These systems included three regular subsurface drainage systems with different drain depths and spacings of, respectively, 0.9 m and 30 m (D0.90L30), 0.65 m and 30 m (D0.65L30), and 0.65 m and 15 m (D0.65L15), and a bilevel drainage system consisting of four drain lines with 15 m spacing and 0.65 and 0.9 m alternative depth (Bilevel). In addition to daily measuring drainage fluxes, nitrate concentrations in the collected drainage water were also measured every other weeks during the cropping cycles. Daily average drainage discharges under Bilevel, D0.90L30, D0.65L30, and D0.65L15 varied in the ranges of 0-231 cm3 s-1, 0-220 cm3 s-1, 0-227 cm3 s-1 and 0-250 cm3 s-1, respectively. Analyzing precipitation-drainage discharge correlations reveals that the precipitation intensity of 10 mm d-1 is the threshold of drainage capacity reduction, and precipitation intensities beyond this threshold may result in water logging challenges in the study area. Consolidating the selected drainage systems may result in annual nitrate losses of 2.2-34.7 kg ha-1 into the surface water resources; however, the D0.65L30 systems may have less environmental consequences in this view of point. Therefore, environmentally sustainable operations of these systems for expanding rainfed-cropping requires precious investigations when selecting drain depths and spacings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - An Analytical Solution of the non-Darcy Flow Governing Equation the Homotopy Analysis Method Using
Amirhossein Arvin Mohammad Hadi Fatahi Mohammad Sedghi-Asl Seyed Abbas MohammadiBackground and Aim: The Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) was first proposed by Liao (1992) to solve functional equations. This method is based on homotopy and provides an approximate-analytical solution for functional equations. In recent years, this method and its modifi MoreBackground and Aim: The Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) was first proposed by Liao (1992) to solve functional equations. This method is based on homotopy and provides an approximate-analytical solution for functional equations. In recent years, this method and its modifications have been effectively used to solve a wide range of linear and nonlinear problems in applied sciences to find solutions to series of various types of nonlinear equations, including algebraic equations, ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, and differential-integral equations (Abbasbandy et al. 2006). The purpose of this research is to provide an analytical solution of time delay with acceptable accuracy for the non-linear equation of non-Darcy flow in coarse-grained media using the HAM method, which previous researchers had recommended to conduct further research in this field. Method:In this research, the governing equation of the non-Darcy flow was solved by the HAM method for the first time, then the water level profiles of the final equation of the HAM method obtained for the 6 inlet flow rates with different boundary conditions and in two coarse-grained porous media including rounded and sharp-edged materials. The results of the water level profile using the HAM method have been compared with the laboratory data of Sedghi Asal (2010) reported at the Stuttgart laboratory in Germany. The normal objective function (NOF) has been used to compare the HAM method results with the experimental data of Sedghi Asal (2010). Results: The comparison of the results of HAM method with the experimental data of Sedghi Asal (2010) has been done under upstream and downstream boundary conditions for different discharges and with a slope close to the horizon S = 0.00001. The results have shown that flow rates of q=30 lit/s, with a NOF error percentage of 0.000099828 in the porous medium of sharp corners and q = 26.25 lit/s, with a NOF error percentage of 0.000102162 in the porous medium of round corners depict better accuracy than the experimental data in higher input flow rates. This method has logical solutions in horizon slopes and the water level profiles in HAM method and experimental data have coincided or are close to each other in most of the points. However, the subject of permanent and uniform flow needs a dependent research. Conclusion: The results showed that the water level profiles are close to each other in most cases. This illustrates the accuracy of the developed approach based on HAM method. However, when the difference between the upstream and downstream water levels increases, the percentage of error escalates. In other words, with the increase of the hydraulic gradient in the porous medium, the error also grows. Finally, by evaluating the results of the HAM method compared to the laboratory data, it can be concluded that this method shows better accuracy in the porous medium with sharp-cornered materials compared to round-cornered materials due to higher flow rates and higher porosity of this media. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Experimental Study of Discharge Doefficient of the Groove upstream of Concrete-Face Rockfill Dam (using Hydraulic Models)
zahra rahiminejad sayed habib musavi-jahromi Amir Khosrojerdi Hossien Hassanpour Darvishi Jamal Mohammad Vali SamaniConsidering the role of heterogeneous dams in flood control and also water storage, its very important to consider the flow hydraulic in them. On the other hand, proper design of Rockfill dams requires accurate study of flow behavior in these dams. In this regard by stu MoreConsidering the role of heterogeneous dams in flood control and also water storage, its very important to consider the flow hydraulic in them. On the other hand, proper design of Rockfill dams requires accurate study of flow behavior in these dams. In this regard by studying the concrete-face rockfill dam (CFRD) in the present study, by creating different cracks on the concrete face of the dam in the laboratory model, the water infiltration behavior inside the dam body was investigated. Transverse cracks of concrete slab on CFRD Dam and water flow and how to control it in CFRDs is one of the most important issues considered by experts in the design of dams. Determining the discharge coefficient of the groove to estimate the flow rate is important and unavoidable. The purpose of this study is to calculate the discharge coefficient of a rectangular groove located in the concrete surface upstream of the CFRD in both submerged and free conditions. Variable geometric parameters in this study include the height of the groove from the bed, the angle of the groove located upstream of the horizon and the variable hydraulic parameters include the height of the water head upstream of the CFRD. two equations were developed using dimensional analysis and nonlinear equation analysis, in order to predict the CD of the upstream groove of a CFRD dam in both free and submerged states. The equations are in good agreement (correlation coefficient of 0.988 (free ) and 0.984 (submerged )) with experimental results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Comparative Evaluation of NSFWQI and IRWQISC Indicators in River Quality Assessment
Alireza Shokoohi Omid BahmaniThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the two water quality indicators NSFWQI and IRWQIsc on the rivers of the five basins of Khuzestan, namely Karun, Karkheh, Dez, Marun-Jarahi, and Zohreh-Hindijan using data recorded in the years of 1390 to 1396. This study shows t MoreThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the two water quality indicators NSFWQI and IRWQIsc on the rivers of the five basins of Khuzestan, namely Karun, Karkheh, Dez, Marun-Jarahi, and Zohreh-Hindijan using data recorded in the years of 1390 to 1396. This study shows the differences between the two methods as well as the validation of the water quality index developed in Iran. While according to the NSFWQI index, the rivers of the region are in average condition in terms of quality and there is no particular problem except for points on the Karun River, there is no particular problem; the IRWQIsc index evaluates the status of surface water quality in the province as moderate to poor. Examining the differences between the two indices, it was concluded that the use of the electrical conductivity parameter in the IRWQIsc index has led to the detection of bad areas in terms of quality. The NSFWQI index has been successful in identifying points of high pollution around Ahvaz, while the IRWQIsc index has been successful in identifying points of high salinity on the Zohreh and Jarahi rivers. In determining the spatial distribution of the indicators, three methods were used: spline, kriging, and inverse distance weighting method, which based on the evaluation of the results, the last one was selected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Accuracy assessment of volume balance model solution methods in estimation of advance phase of furrow irrigation
Sonia Zebardast Hamed Riahi Farsani Sayyed Hasan TabatabaeiNowadays optimal management and conservation of water and soil resources seems to be more essential than ever before. The issue of surface irrigation systems as a major consumer of water in the country is very important. Accurate prediction of the advance phase is impor MoreNowadays optimal management and conservation of water and soil resources seems to be more essential than ever before. The issue of surface irrigation systems as a major consumer of water in the country is very important. Accurate prediction of the advance phase is important for the design and evaluation of these systems. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of solving methods of Volume Balance Model (VBM) in the estimation of the water advance of furrow irrigation. In this study, Michel, Philip, Power functions and Return functions solving methods were used and also new models were proposed. For each method, a computer program was written in Matlab and to measure the precision of solving Methods mentioned above, gathered data of seven fields in two-time irrigation (A: water-soil and B:middle growth) in Chaharmahal and Bakhtyari province were used. The statistics of solving methods mentioned were obtained by use of root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient residual mass (CRM) and model efficiency factor (EF). The results showed that Michel method has a lower RMSE (27.6 and 57.6 meters values for two-time irrigation respectively) and CRM (0.06 value) and the higher EF (-1.07 value) than the other solving methods of volume balance model. Other methods have close results for RMSE (33.3 and 61.4 meters values for two-time irrigation), CRM (0.21 value) and EF (-2.65 value). As a result, the best method to solve VBM is Michel's method. Accurate determination of infiltration coefficients and selection of infiltration equation are effective factors for model accuracy. Therefore, considering subsurface shape factor effect, the best suggestion for this coefficient is Kiefer equation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Soil moisture estimating with NDVI and land surface temperature and normalized moisture index using MODIS images
Fatemeh Khanmohammadi Mehdi Homaee Ali Akbar NorooziSoil surface water content is a key variable of hydrologic cycle which plays a significant role in global water and energy balance by affecting several hydrological, ecological and meteorological processes. Soil moisture varies significantly in space and time due to spa MoreSoil surface water content is a key variable of hydrologic cycle which plays a significant role in global water and energy balance by affecting several hydrological, ecological and meteorological processes. Soil moisture varies significantly in space and time due to spatial variability of soil properties, topography, vegetation characteristics and atmospheric dynamics. Soil moisture is either measured directly by in situ methods, e.g., Neutron probe, time domain reflectrometry (TDR) or estimated indirectly through pedotransfer functions (PTFs) or remote sensing (RS). Since in situ measurements in large scales are mainly expensive and time consuming, the RS-GIS methods can be used for this purpose. The objective of this study was to estimate surface soil moisture using NDVI, NDMI and LST indices. For this purpose, by using images of MODIS 1B, the indicators of soil moisture were obtained. By using the field soil moisture data, the required analyses were performed to calibrate and validate the model output. The results indicated that there is a reasonable correlation (0.66) between the soil surface moisture and some indices such as NDVI, NDMI and LST. The model validation further indicated that having a mean error of less than about 0.018, the proposed method can predict soil surface moisture reasonably. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - The synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles functionalized by Nb (V) metalloporphyrin for the selective removal of flouride ions from aqueous media
Tahere Poursaberi Mostafa Hassanisad Kamran TorkestaniAbundance of amounts of fluoride in water resources has a harmful effect on human health. A new magnetic nanoadsorbent was developed by treating Fe3O4 nanoparticles with 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane and Nb (V)- metalloporphyrin and applied to remove excessive MoreAbundance of amounts of fluoride in water resources has a harmful effect on human health. A new magnetic nanoadsorbent was developed by treating Fe3O4 nanoparticles with 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane and Nb (V)- metalloporphyrin and applied to remove excessive fluoride from aqueous solutions. Nb (V) - metalloporphyrin was attached to Fe3O4 via the interaction between the carboxylic groups and the amine groups of APTES. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The effect of pH, contact time, sorbent dosage and some co-existing anions present in aqueous solution was investigated. The results indicated that under optimal conditions (i.e. pH: 5.5, contact time: 30 min and sorbent dosage: 100 mg) the fluoride removal efficiency of 94.0% can be achieved. Regeneration of fluoride adsorbed material could be possible with NaOH and the modified magnetic nanoparticles exhibited good reusability for four cycles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Optimizing the conditions of frying chicken fillets using hot air by the response surface method
F. Keshavarzian H. Mirzaei M. Soltani firoz َA. Sadeghi Mahoonak M. Khan Ali H. Tashe Shams AbadiIntroduction: Chicken meat is one of the important and healthy sources of protein in the diet. Therefore, due to its high consumption, its preparation and cooking methods should be taken into consideration. Frying process is one of the most common operations in the food MoreIntroduction: Chicken meat is one of the important and healthy sources of protein in the diet. Therefore, due to its high consumption, its preparation and cooking methods should be taken into consideration. Frying process is one of the most common operations in the food industry. In this method efforts have been made to obtain products with low oil content. Hot air frying is a new method of frying in which products are processed through direct contact with hot air and oil droplets in the frying chamber.Materials and Methods: In this research, a hot air fryer was used to process chicken fillets. The response surface method was employed to model and obtain the optimal conditions of the hot air frying process. The effect of process parameters (temperature of 160,180,200 degrees Celsius, time of 10, 20 and 30 minutes and air flow speed of 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 m/s) on the characteristics of the final product (Moisture content, fat content, evaluation of color parameters, crispness and sensory evaluation) were evaluated in order to achieve the optimal conditions of the process.Results: The results showed that the moisture content, crisp texture of the product and changes in the color of the product are affected by the temperature and duration of the process and increase with the increase of the parameters. The variables of air flow speed, temperature and process time have a significant effect on the fat content in fried chicken fillets (P≤0.05) and show an increasing trend.Conclusion: Based on the results of the tests, the optimal conditions for frying with hot air temperature of 200 degrees Celsius, air blower speed of 1.50 meters per second and time of 22.87 minutes were determined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Development of an Optimal Formulation for Flavored Doogh-Based Soft Drink Using Response Surface Methodology and Evaluate the Resulting Powder
Z. Sarlak F. Garavand R. Mohammadi M. Hosseini M. RouhiIntroduction: Doogh is a fermented drink that is consumed in Iran and other Middle Eastern countries. Due to the increased awareness of the harmful effects of carbonated drinks, Doogh consumption have been increased considerably because of its nutritional benefits. Usin MoreIntroduction: Doogh is a fermented drink that is consumed in Iran and other Middle Eastern countries. Due to the increased awareness of the harmful effects of carbonated drinks, Doogh consumption have been increased considerably because of its nutritional benefits. Using healthy and antibacterial flavoring agents such as lime extract and mint distillate, in certain concentrations, can reduce the viability of traditional yoghurt starters and be a good alternative to industrial thermal processes (in heated Doogh). In addition, the powder of these products under certain conditions will contribute to ease maintenance and transportation. Materials and Methods: In the present study, Doogh-based soft drink optimized with lime extract (0-6% v/v) and mint distillate (0-4% v/v) for sensorial and antioxidant properties, using response surface methodology (RSM) and studied during refrigerated storage at 5°C. Soft drink powder was produced by spray dryer in different input air temperatures to increase the product’s shelf life and weight loss. Results: The results showed that the the best model fitted on the sensory total score and IC50 was quadratic. The addition of 3.382% (v/v) lime extract and 2.484% (v/v) mint distillate to drink led to the highest sensory total score and lowest IC50 (the highest antioxidant activity). The optimized formulated drink was stable for 42 days with non-significant loss of sensory quality (p>0.05). For long term storage and production of powder by spray dryer, input hot air temperature at 170°C caused the highest percentage of solubility and sensory acceptability. The resulting powder also had acceptable moisture content, water activity (aw) and color total changes (ΔE). Conclusion: The consumption of Doogh-based products with traditional flavors, might be a strategy to increase the variety of soft drink market. The results of present study showed that Doogh formulated with 3.382% (v/v) lime extract and 2.484% (v/v) mint distillate had desirable sensorial and antioxidant properties. Moreover, the novel Doogh-based drink was transformed to powder that have high solubility and sensory score using spray drier at 170°C. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Evaluation of the Effects of Osmotic Dehydration Pretreatment at Low Pressure on Texture, Colour and Oil Absorption of Vacuum Fried Kiwi Slices
Fateme Aghabozorgi Afge Alireza Basiri Abdol Reza Mohamadi NafchiIntroduction: Vacuum osmotic dehydration is one of the methods of preservation of fruits and vegetable. The aim of this work is the evaluation of the effects of variables in osmotic dehydration process (ambient pressure, contact time of product and solution, concentrati MoreIntroduction: Vacuum osmotic dehydration is one of the methods of preservation of fruits and vegetable. The aim of this work is the evaluation of the effects of variables in osmotic dehydration process (ambient pressure, contact time of product and solution, concentration and temperature of osmotic solution) on the quality factors of product (colour changes, texture, oil uptake) and finally achieving the optimum process conditions. Materials and Methods: A laboratory scale osmotic dehydration equipment including anaerobic jar, grid basket, vacuum pump, barometer and thermometer were used. The temperature range for osmotic solution (30 – 50° C), pressure (500-700 mbar), concentration of the osmotic solution (30- 50%) and contact time (60- 180 min) were employed. The test plans involving 31 tests were obtained by using response surface statistical models. The frying was carried out at 108ºC for 8 min and 320 mbar. Results: The optimum conditions of 48.71ºC for the osmotic solution temperature, 592.07 mbar for the pressure, 62.92 min for the time and 34.87% for the osmotic solution concentration were obtained. By applying the mentioned optimum conditions, the colour changes, oil absorption (g/100g) dry basis and texture (N/m) were found to be, 13.63, 14.82 and 2.78 respectively. Conclusion: The result showed that by increasing the osmotic solution temperature, texture rigidity is decreased and colour changes is increased. Colour changes, oil absorption and texture rigidity are decreased with increased osmotic solution concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Synthesis, Optimization and Modeling of Curdlan Gum Production from Paenibacillus polymyxaUsing Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
S.M. Rafigh M. Vossoughi A. Vaziri A.A. Safekordi M. ArdjomandIntroduction: Curdlan gum is a bacterial polysaccharidic biopolymer that is the result of β-(1→3)-D-glycosidic linkages. Due to its ability to curdle and the water-holding capacity, curdlan has applications in the manufacture of food products such as jelly, no MoreIntroduction: Curdlan gum is a bacterial polysaccharidic biopolymer that is the result of β-(1→3)-D-glycosidic linkages. Due to its ability to curdle and the water-holding capacity, curdlan has applications in the manufacture of food products such as jelly, noodles, edible fibers. Curdlan is biodegradable, nontoxic and it has applications in the pharmaceutical industry because of its potent biological activities. For the first time, the present study is concerned with the synthesis, characterization, optimization of cultural conditions and modeling of curdlan production from Paenibacillus polymyxa using RSM. Materials and Methods: After preparation of the microorganism and the medium, Plackett–Burman design with 12 experimental runs was used to screen the effective factors through 11 variables of batch culture medium for curdlan production. Central composite design with 20 experimental runs was used for optimization of the effective variables. In addition, four characterization methods such as FT-IR, C-NMR, XRD and DSC were employed. Results: The result of the experiments showed that three nutritional factors (glucose, yeast extract and triton x-100) had the predominant effect on curdlan production. The maximum production of curdlan was 4.75 g/l from the optimum condition consisting of glucose (100 g/l), yeast extract (3 g/l) and triton x-100(2.5 g/l). In addition, the average molecular weight of curdlan was determined at 170 kDa by GPC. Conclusion: The results from this study have demonstrated that Paenibacillus polymyxa PTCC 1020 with more specific growth rate (µ) than previous studies is capable to produce curdlan gum and also the production of the synthetic curdlan was confirmed using qualitative methods of identification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Optimization of Spray Drying Process to Produce Microencapsulated Powders of Functional Extract Obtained from Red-Beet
Sh. YousefiIntroduction: Spray drying is one of the most important ways to prevent waste of strategic food products and their shelf life extension.Optimization of operating conditions involved in this system can be a suitable background to produce products with ideal physicochemic MoreIntroduction: Spray drying is one of the most important ways to prevent waste of strategic food products and their shelf life extension.Optimization of operating conditions involved in this system can be a suitable background to produce products with ideal physicochemical quality. Materials and Methods: The effect of three operating parameters including inlet air temperature (IAT, 130-160°C), air flow rate (AFR, 2-4 m3/h) and feed flow rate (FFR, 4-10 mL/min) was investigated to attain the microencapsulated powders of red-beet extract containing functional pigment of betalain using RSM. The yield of produced powders, content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of reconstituted extract were optimized. Results: The quadratic equations with high correlation coefficients (0.960-0.994) can well predict the optimal conditions to achieve the highest physicochemical efficiency. An increase in IAT and AFR had a significant effect on the decrease of the level of phenolic and antioxidant components of the obtained powders, while this trend led to an increase in the yield. The antioxidant and phenolic content of microencapsulated powders with low yield at higher FFRs are well maintained. The analysis of microscopy observations and particle size also confirmed the results clearly. The findings showed that the maximum physical yield (75%), phenolics content (1238.72 µg gallic acid/mL), and free-radical inhibition percentage (78.77%) can be obtained under the optimum conditions of 136.0°C IAT, 3.6 m3/h AFR, and 8.8 mL/min FFR. Conclusion: Production of high-quality powders microencapsulating red-beet extract under the optimal conditions might be a beginning to develop fortification of food products with the obtained powders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Optimization of Hot Air Roasting of Peanut Kernels Using Response Surface Methodology
H. Bagheri M. Kashainejad M. Aalami A. M. ZiaiifarIntroduction: Roasting is a high temperature short time (HTST) heat treatment process and enhances the flavor of product and improves the textural and organoleptic properties of the nuts. Materials and Methods: In this study, a hot-air roasting process for the productio MoreIntroduction: Roasting is a high temperature short time (HTST) heat treatment process and enhances the flavor of product and improves the textural and organoleptic properties of the nuts. Materials and Methods: In this study, a hot-air roasting process for the production of peanut snack was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) over a range of air temperatures (140–180°C) for various times (10-30 min). The color parameters including lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and total color differences (ΔE), textural characteristics (hardness and compressive energy), sensory properties, moisture content of the peanuts and energy consumption were used as response parameters to develop predictive models and optimize the roasting process.Results: The results showed that by increasing the by temperature and time of roasting, the L*, b*, moisture content, hardness and compressive energy were decreased and ΔE* and energy consumption were increased. The result of RSM analysis showed that quality parameters could be used to control the roasting of peanut kernels in a hot-air roaster. In order to obtain the desired quality parameter, the optimum roasting for production of peanut snack was determined at 162°C for 29 min. Conclusion: This study revealed that RSM could be used to develop adequate prediction models for describing color and texture changes in peanut kernels during hot-air roasting. The changes in the quality parameters were adequately described by quadratic model. Successful optimization for the peanut kernels roasting process can also be made using desirability functions in RSM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Optimization of the Production of Protein Hydrolysates from Cotton Seed by Response Surface Methodology
P. Shabani B. Akbari - AderganiIntroduction: Protein hydrolysates are compounds with low molecular weight that after entering the body are easily absorbed and play important biological roles in cellular levels. The most important functions of bioactive compounds are antioxidant, antimicrobial, antica MoreIntroduction: Protein hydrolysates are compounds with low molecular weight that after entering the body are easily absorbed and play important biological roles in cellular levels. The most important functions of bioactive compounds are antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer activities and enhance the immune system. The main objective of this study was to produce cotton seed protein hydrolysate using pepsin enzyme that was optimized by response surface methodology. Materials and Methods: The factors investigated in this study were temperature (30-40◦C), time (2-5h) and enzyme/substrate ratio (0.5-2%) in order to obtain maximum antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activities were investigated using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, total antioxidant capacity, reducing power and chelating activity. All of the experiments were designed according to the central composite design. Results: Each of the studied variables had a significant effect on the responses (p<0/05). The optimal conditions to achieve maximum antioxidant activity were temperature of 31.1◦C, time of 5h and enzyme/substrate ratio of 1.75%, respectively. Under these conditions, (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, chelating activity, total antioxidant capacity and degree of hydrolysis were 83%, 0.158 Å, 70%, 1.99 mmol α- tocopherol/mL and 31.75%, respectively. Conclusion: Cotton seed protein hydrolysates have exhibited good antioxidant activity and might be employed as a natural antioxidant in food products and formulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Optimization of Canola Oil Extraction by Ultrasound Waves and Response Surface Methodology
F. Jalili S. M. Jafari Z. Emamjomeh M. Kashaninejad M. GanjehIntroduction: Canola seed is one of the most important oil seed with high ratio of oil andhigh nutritional value and is economically recommended for cultivation and oil extraction.Extraction with ultrasound waves as a nondestructive and novel method might be employed.Th MoreIntroduction: Canola seed is one of the most important oil seed with high ratio of oil andhigh nutritional value and is economically recommended for cultivation and oil extraction.Extraction with ultrasound waves as a nondestructive and novel method might be employed.Therefore the aim of this research is optimization of extraction of canola oil by ultrasoundwaves and RSM.Materials and Methods: In this project, Response Surface Methodology was employed foroptimization of canola oil extraction by ultrasound waves using hexane andhexane/isopropanol as solvents by the ratio of 3:2 (v/v). The influence of extractiontemperature in the range of 35, 45 and 55℃, ultrasound treatment time for 30, 60 and 90minutes and ratio of solvent to canola in three levels of 5, 10 and 15 ml/g were analyzed byBox-Behnken Design (BBD) based on extracted oil percent. The fatty acid compositions ofthe extracted oils using ultrasound-assisted method and soxhlet method employing gas liquidchromatography were determined and compared.Results: According to the high values of correlation coefficients of selected models optimizedfor hexane solvent extraction methods (R2 =0.93) and hexane-isopropanol solvent mixture(R2 =0.97) and no significant lack of fit tests (P>0.05) selected models might be useful topredict the extraction percentage of canola oil.Conclusion: The results showed that the optimum conditions for canola oil extraction byhexane (22.39 %) and combined hexane/isopropanol (30.66 %) were respectively atultrasound treatment times of 69.5 and 87 minutes, temperatures of 55 and 55 ℃ and ratio ofsolvent to canola of 6.39 and 9.12 (%v/w). Extraction efficiency was significantly improvedby ultrasound as compared to the soxhlet extraction. Fatty acid compositions of the canolaoils were not significantly affected by the application of ultrasound (P> 0.05). Thereforeultrasound might be regarded as a simple and rapid method to improve the extraction of oilwithout affecting the quality of the fatty acids present. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Measurement of Central Temperature and Color Changes of Onion Slices During Frying Process
F. SalehiIntroduction: Frying is applied as one of the oldest methods of food preparation both in domestic and industrial scale. Color development during the frying process is a surface phenomenon that depends on the processing temperature and time. The aim of this research is t MoreIntroduction: Frying is applied as one of the oldest methods of food preparation both in domestic and industrial scale. Color development during the frying process is a surface phenomenon that depends on the processing temperature and time. The aim of this research is the measurement of central temperature, surface changes and color changes the behavior of onion slices during frying process as a mathematical model at various temperatures. Materials and Methods: Onion slices with 1 cm thickness and cylindrical form were fried at the temperature of 150, 175 and 200 ºC and its central temperature was recorded using K type thermocouple with 1 mm thickness by 5-second intervals. The surface temperature of the product was measured using a laser thermometer. Color parameters as brightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and color change intensity (∆E) were recorded during frying time and kinetic model was fitted on their changes versus time and models coefficients were reported. Results: The temperature of the oil had a negative effect on the brightness of the fried onion and, with increasing process temperature, the brightness parameter decreased at the same time. The results of this experiment showed that most of the color changes occur in the early stages of the process. Higher temperatures increased the yellowness and redness of the onion surface from 14.24 to 29.31 and 5.73 to 17.86, respectively. Fried samples at a temperature of 200°C reduced the size about 40.48 %. The central temperature became closer to the water boiling point at a temperature of 200°C and after a brief period at this temperature, the temperature of the center increased again with full water exhaustion. Conclusion: The kinetics of the surface color parameters changes and color change intensity (∆E) of the onion followed the incremental exponential function and power function, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Investigation on Possibility of Using Hydrated Emulsifier in Soft Biscuits
F. Baei B. Ghiassi TarziIntroduction: Biscuits are one of the most important flour products, that are very popular due to its ease of production, storage, and consumption. In biscuits production using an emulsifier has increased the ability to spread fat in the flour and sugar system. The obje MoreIntroduction: Biscuits are one of the most important flour products, that are very popular due to its ease of production, storage, and consumption. In biscuits production using an emulsifier has increased the ability to spread fat in the flour and sugar system. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of three emulsifier SSL, DMG, DATEM in the hydrated form in soft biscuits and optimization of the formulation.Materials and Methods: The range of use of each emulsifier is 0.1-0.5 percent based on the weight of flour. The RSM was used to determine treatments and 22 treatments were identified. The experiments performed included measuring the long and short diameter, thickness, hardness, browning index and overall acceptability. The data were then analyzed and optimization performed.Results: The SSL has the most effect on the diameter than the other two emulsifiers and at 0.5% concentration has increased by 2mm in diameter. But, by increasing SSL, the thickness has decreased. The DMG on diameter has a positive effect and its effect is greater on long diameter. DATEM is the most effective factor on the texture and as it increases, the texture becomes softer. The use of hydrated emulsifiers reduces browning index. Increasing DATEM, causes dough adhesion to rotary moulding and the appearance of biscuits is unacceptable.Conclusion: By optimization, the formulation of the combination of emulsifiers was determined that included: 0.37 SSL, 0.45 DMG, 0.5 DATEM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Process Optimization in Vacuum Frying of Green Bean Slices Using Response Surface Methodology
M. Nikkhah Eshghi B. Ghiassi Tarzi A. R. BasiriIntroduction: Vacuum frying is a new technology that might be useful for producing newkind of snacks such as fruit and vegetable chips. The reason for this technology is to reducethe presence of oxygen and lower the processing temperature. The aim of this work is todete MoreIntroduction: Vacuum frying is a new technology that might be useful for producing newkind of snacks such as fruit and vegetable chips. The reason for this technology is to reducethe presence of oxygen and lower the processing temperature. The aim of this work is todetermine the effect of process parameters namely time, pressure, temperature on the specificcharacteristics of green bean in order to achieve the optimal processing condition.Materials and Methods: In this research, samples were processed in predeterminedtemperatures, pressures and times by using statistical response procedures. The effects offrying time and temperature and pressure on reduction of moisture, oil absorption, shrinkage,texture, and color were studied.Results: The optimum conditions of 119.13oC for the temperature, 285 mbar for the pressureand 14.63 min for the time were obtained. The results showed that the time of the exposure tofrying has a direct and significant relation to vacuum pressure and the samples moisture levelis related to frying time and the moisture of the sample is significantly reduced (p<0.05) byincreasing the frying time. Oil absorption level has a significant relation with temperature andtime (p<0.01).Conclusion :The results indicated that vacuum frying can improve the nutritional quality ofthe food with reduced cost and avoid the loss and wastage of the product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Optimization of Roasting Process of Sesame Seed to Produce High Quality Sesame Oil
ملیکا Borjian Broujeni S. A. Goli مریم Gharachorloo رضا AzizinejadIntroduction: Sesame oil because of having lignans such as sesamin and sesamolinhas greater resistance against oxidative degradation as compared to other edible oils.Roasting process can make a tremendous positive impact on the oxidative resistanceof the oil. The aim of MoreIntroduction: Sesame oil because of having lignans such as sesamin and sesamolinhas greater resistance against oxidative degradation as compared to other edible oils.Roasting process can make a tremendous positive impact on the oxidative resistanceof the oil. The aim of this work was to evaluate the roasting conditions of sesame interms of temperature and time using response surface methodology regarding thehighest rate of oxidative resistance and best color of roasted sesame oil.Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the roasting conditions, the twofactors of temperature (200, 215 and 230°C) and time (15, 25 and 35 min) were usedin 3 levels. The total number of tests for each sample was 12 and oxidativeresistance and color (XE and L index) were considered as responses. After dataanalysis by the software, statistical analysis of the models related to the stability andcolor (XE and L index) were evaluated.Results: The results indicated that the temperature was more effective than the timein oil oxidative resistance changes and by increasing the temperature and time, theoxidative resistance and XE index increased while L index decreased.Conclusion: The optimal condition of roasting for brown sesame seeds was at thetemperature of 216.86°C and time of 19.32 minutes while for the white type, the temperatureof 220.47°C and the time of 15 minutes were considered as the optimum condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Optimization of Irradiated Kiwi Fruit Properties Using Response Surface Methodology and Prediction with Neural Network and Regression Method
H. Kiani M. H. Rahmati A. Mohammad-RazdariIntroduction: Application of ionizing radiation as a new method in the preservation ofagricultural products has been introduced since 35 years ago. Gamma irradiation has beenintroduced as a new technique to preserve the foods.Materials and Methods: Kiwifruit cultivar (H MoreIntroduction: Application of ionizing radiation as a new method in the preservation ofagricultural products has been introduced since 35 years ago. Gamma irradiation has beenintroduced as a new technique to preserve the foods.Materials and Methods: Kiwifruit cultivar (Hayward) has been used and the samples with 0(Control), 0.5, 1 and 2 kGy cobalt-60 were gamma irradiated then refrigerated at 3±1°C for aduration of 0, 30.60 and 90 days. In this study Response Surface Methodology and inputparameters consisted of irradiation dose and storage time for optimal conditions for storage ofirradiated kiwis were determined. Finally, using regression and neural network methodsoutput prediction and response surface method were compared.Results : The optimal conditions for storage of irradiated kiwis were determined. Theoptimum point for shelf-life, radiation dose, weight, color parameters L*, a* and b*, ascorbicacid content and pH value, were proposed respectively, (two months, 1 kGy, 48.13 and 45.86,11.03 and 12.79, 29.916, 3.2545). By increasing storage time and radiation dose, the weightof stored samples reduced. By increasing irradiation dose and duration of storage a*parameter decreased. By increasing irradiation dose also the b* parameter reduced but byincreased storage time, L* increased. Similarly, by increasing storage time and radiation dose,pH value increased and ascorbic acid content reduced.Conclusion: The neural network and regression analysis have been employed to predict thechanges in color, weight, pH value and ascorbic acid content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Effect of Basil Seed Mucilage Coating on the Oil Absorption and Physical Characteristics of Fried Zucchini Slices
Fakhreddin Salehi Alireza Haseli Amirreza Roustaei -
Open Access Article
107 - Butter Separation from Cream Using Ultrasonication: Optimization of Parameters Using RSM
B. Maheshwari R. Saravanathamizhan N. Balasubramanian -
Open Access Article
108 - Modeling Red Monascus Pigment Production on Date Waste Substrate Using Submerged Cultivation
F. Bakhshi M. Jahadi N. Ghasemisepro S. Jahanfar -
Open Access Article
109 - Influence of Frying Conditions and Wild Sage Seed Mucilage Coating on the Physical Properties and Oil Uptake of Zucchini Slices during Deep-Fat Frying
F. Salehi A. Haseli A. Roustaei -
Open Access Article
110 - Formulation and Production of New Carbonated Malt and Jujube Drink and Evaluation of its Physicochemical, Microbial and Sensory Properties during Storage
M. Mohseni A. Rahmani F. Soleimany -
Open Access Article
111 - Optimization Specific Fuel Consumption of Diesel, Biodiesel and Bioethanol Fuel Blends by Response Surface Methodology
Golmohammad Khoobbakht Mohammad ghahderijani Background and Objective: Recently much attention has been paid to the development of alternative fuels in order to meet the emission standards and to reduce the dependency on fossil fuel. Especially biodiesel and ethanol have been considered as major alternativ More Background and Objective: Recently much attention has been paid to the development of alternative fuels in order to meet the emission standards and to reduce the dependency on fossil fuel. Especially biodiesel and ethanol have been considered as major alternative fuels as they are derived from renewable sources. These fuels are well oxygenated and therefore have a great potential to reduce emissions. Method: This study is aimed at investigating the effect of operating factors of engine load and speed as well as blended levels of biodiesel and ethanol in diesel fuel on the specific fuel consumption of a DI diesel engine OM 314. The experiments were designed using a statistical tool known as response surface methodology (RSM). Findings: The results depicted that specific fuel consumption increased with increasing percentage of bioethanol and biodiesel and the minimum of the specific fuel consumption (156 g/kWh) was accured at full load and engine rotational speed of 2453 rpm for pure diesel (B0E0D100) Discussion and Conclusion: the maximum of specific fuel consumption was obtained with amount of 413 g/kWh at 20% engine load and rotational speed of 2800 rpm and for a fuel blend containing 0.4 l biodiesel, 0.4 l ethanol and 1l diesel (B22E22D56). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Investigation the origin of Arsenic contamination in soil and agricultural products of Hashtrood city, East Azarbaijan Province
Azita Behbahaninia Babak NassiriBackground and Objective: Arsenic concentrations in soil and water can be increased by natural processes such as sedimentation of volcanic ash, mining, geothermal debris, oxidation and dissolution of minerals. Also, application of herbicides and animal fertilizers in ag MoreBackground and Objective: Arsenic concentrations in soil and water can be increased by natural processes such as sedimentation of volcanic ash, mining, geothermal debris, oxidation and dissolution of minerals. Also, application of herbicides and animal fertilizers in agriculture can increase the concentration of arsenic in the environment. In the Hashtrood area of East Azarbaijan province, evidence of arsenic contamination has been reported, possibly due to arsenic contaminated water, soil and crops. The purpose of this study was to identify the amount of pollution of water resources, soil and crops in the region to arsenic Method: Sampling of surface water resources, soil, and plants cultivated in the area in four seasons and the concentration of arsenic was determined in samples. Findings: Analysis of water samples showed the average concentration of arsenic 0.341 mg/lit. The mean concentration of arsenic in the soil in the area is 127.95 mg/kg. The concentration of arsenic is less than permissible 1mg/kg in agricultural products in both regions. Discussion and Conclusions: Theresults of the comparison samples with standard values represent water and soil arsenic contamination in this area which in the most samples is higher than the standard. The low concentration of arsenic in the plants in the area can be due to the alkalinity of the soil and high clay content. Arsenic has a low solubility in this type of soil and is absorbed on soil clay particles and plants grown on these soils cannot easy to absorb arsenic from the soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Evaluation of removal efficiency of some chemical parameters of Bu-Ali Industrial Estate wastewater using Phragmites australis in surface flow constructed wetland
Fereshteh Peynabar Soheil Sobhanardakani Mahdi Reyahi-KhoramBackground and Objective: Selection of appropriate technologies for wastewater treatment according to climate, economic and social conditions is very important. The use of non-advanced technology with low energy consumption wastewater treatment systems such as a constru MoreBackground and Objective: Selection of appropriate technologies for wastewater treatment according to climate, economic and social conditions is very important. The use of non-advanced technology with low energy consumption wastewater treatment systems such as a constructed wetland is cost effective and contributes to environmental reclamation. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of surface flow constructed wetland in the removal of COD and TSS parameters from Bu-Ali industrial town wastewater. Method: For the removal of COD and TSS parameters from Bu-Ali industrial town wastewater, three shallow artificial wetlands with retention time of 2 days were made as pilot. The samples were collected using specific containers from the input and output of the reactor and analyzed according to the standard methods. The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 statistical package. Findings: The results showed that the removal efficiencies of COD and TSS were 75% and 80% respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Although the removal efficiencies of COD and TSS in the surface flow constructed wetland containing Phragmites australis are acceptable, the treated wastewater is not suitable for irrigation because of the high concentration of organic matter at the wetland output. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Evaluation of Coagulation and Flocculation Process in Removal of Heavy Metals from Chemical Wastewater of Mobarakeh Steel Complex
Masoud Taheriyoun Alireza MemaripourBackground and Objective: Wastewater from the steel industry as one of the heavy metal pollution sources plays an important role in environmental pollution. Therefore, the optimal treatment and removal of these pollutants are very important to protect the environment an MoreBackground and Objective: Wastewater from the steel industry as one of the heavy metal pollution sources plays an important role in environmental pollution. Therefore, the optimal treatment and removal of these pollutants are very important to protect the environment and achieve discharge standards. In the Mobarakeh Steel Complex, wastewater is produced during the production of galvanized steel and tin-plated steel, containing high concentrations of ferrous and chromium metals. In this study, the efficiency of the coagulation and flocculation process in removing these metals from the wastewater of Mobarakeh Steel chemical treatment plant is investigated. Method: To design the experiments, the central composite design method, which is the most common design type in response surface methodology (RSM), is used. The variables studied in this study are four factors of pH, inlet turbidity, coagulant and coagulant aid concentrations that each is studied at five levels. For each of the studied metals, a regression model of removal percentage is obtained based on the effective factors. Findings: Results of the modeling stage shows that pH is the most effective factor on the effluent iron concentration and inlet turbidity is the most effective factor on chromium percent removal. The optimization results show the optimum coagulant dose (ferric chloride) 397 mg/L, coagulant aid concentration (polyelectrolyte) 0.06 mg/L, optimum pH of 10.25 and optimum inlet turbidity of 103 NTU. Discussion & Conclusion: RSM is an effective method in experimental design that by developing a second-order regression model of the coagulation-flocculation process, it is possible to predict different operating conditions and simultaneous effect of factors on the response. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Comparison of Impact of Carbonate Content, Cation Exchange Capacity and Specific Surface Area in the Retention of Heavy Metal Contaminant by Bentonite, Kaolinite, and Nano-Clay
Mohammad Amiri Vahid Reza OuhadiBackground and Objective: Carbonate, Cation exchange capacity and Specific surface area are the three factors which play a significant role in the retention of heavy metal contaminants by the soil. However, the amount and role of each of these three factors in hea MoreBackground and Objective: Carbonate, Cation exchange capacity and Specific surface area are the three factors which play a significant role in the retention of heavy metal contaminants by the soil. However, the amount and role of each of these three factors in heavy metal retention process is not clearly known. Accordingly, this experimental study attempts to examine the role of each of these factors on the heavy metal retention process. This study has been performed by the use of bentonite clay sample (which has 8% natural carbonate, significantly large specific surface area and cation exchange capacity), kaolinite (which has 4% natural carbonate, small specific surface area and cation exchange capacity), industrial nano-clay called Cloisite®Na+ (free of carbonate, large specific surface area and considerable cation exchange capacity), industrial nano-clay called Cloisite®30B (free of carbonate, large specific surface area and small cation exchange capacity), and laboratory sample of nano-clay called SLB (Surface Layer Bentonite) (free of carbonate, large specific surface area and considerable cation exchange capacity). Materials and methods: In this regard, by conducting a series of geotechnical and geo-environmental experiments, the interaction process of kaolinite clay samples, bentonite, industrial Cloisite®Na+, industrial Cloisite®30B, and laboratory nano-clay SLB with heavy metal contaminants of lead and copper were experimentally explored and studied. Results and discussions: The analysis of experimental studies including soil buffering capacity, X-ray diffraction test and the measurement of heavy metal retention by soil samples indicate that in comparing of carbonate content, cation exchange capacity, and specific surface area of soil samples the significant role of each parameter in heavy metal retention is as follows, respectively: Carbonate > Cation exchange capacity (CEC) > Specific surface area (SSA). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Evaluating the Effects of Run off on Khadijeh Khatoun Basin Using MPSIAC Model
Hamidreza Pazouki Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein BabazadehBackground and Objective: Unfortunately, in recent decade, due to land use change and vegetation cover degradation, most of the rainfall changed into run off and causes abundant loss of life and property by creating enormous floods. The purpose of this evaluation was to MoreBackground and Objective: Unfortunately, in recent decade, due to land use change and vegetation cover degradation, most of the rainfall changed into run off and causes abundant loss of life and property by creating enormous floods. The purpose of this evaluation was to study the run off impacts on the erosion of the catchment area using the MPSIAC model.Method: For this purpose, the basic information and maps of the Khadijeh Khatoon basin in 2018 such as topographic and geology maps were collected. Then the calculation steps of nine model factors including surface geology or metrology, soil, climate, run off, topography, land cover, land use, current erosion and river erosion, and erosion and Sediment is estimated. Finally, the relationship between runoff and erosion of the basin was determined and the model of erosion and sediment estimation from runoff was determined.Findings: The results of this study showed that the amount of soil erosion is equal to 5806.97 tons per year and is 3.58 tons per hectare per year. If the value of one ton of agricultural land is equal to 50 US dollars and if the condition of erosion is available, the value of 5806.97 tons per year is equal to 290348.5 US dollars, which is equal to 11613.9 million Rials. The MPSIAC's seventh and eighth factor basins are the most effective factors.Discussion and Conclusion: This conclusion suggests that pastures around Khadijeh Khatoun are not well-conditioned due to over-capacity utilization, and the whole of the region's pastures due to climatic conditions. Also, the results showed that the runoff factor had a linear correlation of 0.98 with erosion, which indicates that the higher the runoff, the increase in the amount of erosion and deposition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Removal of polluting Phenol out of aqueous solutions with the aide of nanocomposites of TiO2/SBA-15 and using Response Surface Methodology
Samira Khodabakhsh Lobat Taghavi Ebrahim Alaie Leila SamieeBackground and Objective: Phenolic compounds are one of the most important pollutants that poison water resources. Presence of phenol and its derivatives in water and wastewater is a major concern due to its toxic threat to human, animals and environment. Therefore, ide MoreBackground and Objective: Phenolic compounds are one of the most important pollutants that poison water resources. Presence of phenol and its derivatives in water and wastewater is a major concern due to its toxic threat to human, animals and environment. Therefore, identifying and tracking these pollutants as well as identifying ways to control and eliminate them is very important in order to protect the environment, treatment of sewage and healthy drinking water supply. In this research, the main goal is to eliminate phenol from aqueous solution,with high initial density by Heterogeneous photocatalysis in the slurry reactor with the quality of Pyrex glass.Method: First,Response Surface Methodology was used for nanocatalystTiO2with hydrogen peroxide and 250 watts UV radiation,to find optimum conditions for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution using heterogeneous photocatalysis.Then,SBA-15, which is highly capable of eliminating phenol due to its porous structure comparing to other absorbents, and then TiO2/SBA-15 were synthesized. Finally, the structure and physical properties of Nano composite were detected by analysis XRD, BET, FESEM, and TEM. Findings: Results of phenol elimination out of aqueous solutions by Heterogeneous photo catalyst and Phenol removal efficiency of 96% at a concentration of 100mg / l at the time of 420 minutes, respectively. Use of Response Surface Methodology to determine optimal conditions is one of the most effective methods to achieve the desired goal in this study.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, mesoporous materials containing TiO2 compared with pureTiO2,have high efficiency in photocatalytic degradation of water pollutants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Evaluation of the Efficiency of Catalytic Ozonation Process with magnesium-aluminum double layer hydroxide nanocomposite doped on zeolite in mineralization of cefixime antibiotic in Aqueous Solution
yalda sheikh elham Tazikeh-Lemeski yousef Dadban ShahamatBackground and Objective: One of the problems in the health systems of the world today is the prescription or overuse of drugs. Among these, antibiotics are of particular importance. Antibiotics are a group of drugs that are widely used in medicine and veterinary medici MoreBackground and Objective: One of the problems in the health systems of the world today is the prescription or overuse of drugs. Among these, antibiotics are of particular importance. Antibiotics are a group of drugs that are widely used in medicine and veterinary medicine. Cefixime (CFX) is also one of these antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal efficiency of cefixime from synthetic sample using catalytic ozonation with Mg-Al layered double hydroxides Doped with zeolite. Material and Methodology: In this experimental and laboratory study MgAl-LDH/Zeolite nanocomposite was used in laboratory reactor and ozonation to remove cefixime. Effect of pH variables (5,6,7,8,9), amount of nanocomposite (0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5 g/L), initial concentration of cefixime (5,10,15,20,25 mg/L) and reaction time (5,18.75,32.5,46.25,60 min) were examined to find the maximum mineralization efficiency and response surface methodology based on central composite design (CCD) was used to design experiments, analyze data and achieve optimal conditions. Analysis of variance was also used to analyze the date. This research was done in 2021-2022. Findings: The maximum mineralization efficiency of cefixime under optimal conditions (pH=8.70, nanocomposite value=1.76 g/L, initial concentration of cefixime=24.06 mg/L, contact time=40.76 min) is 78%, which increases the target efficiency with increasing pH and contact time. Discussion and Conclusion: Catalytic ozonation process with Mg-Al layered double hydroxides nanocomposite Doped with zeolite can be used effectively and efficiency to remove cefixime in aqueous media. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Surveying and Predicting Surface Currents of Khuzestan Province Using Time Series Models
Alireza Entezari Rasoul SarvestanThe purpose of this study was to study the surface currents of Khuzestan province and its prediction for the period (2019Background and Objective: The present study is to evaluate the surface currents of Khuzestan province and its forecast for the period 2019 to 2021 us MoreThe purpose of this study was to study the surface currents of Khuzestan province and its prediction for the period (2019Background and Objective: The present study is to evaluate the surface currents of Khuzestan province and its forecast for the period 2019 to 2021 using time series models.Material & Methodlogy: The present study was conducted in 9 selected stations from Khuzestan province in order to compare the accuracy of the time series model and predict the amount of surface currents. For this purpose, the monthly flow data of the hydrometric station for 22 years (1391-2014) has been used. The multiplicative seasonal time series model of surface currents was investigated and the best model was fitted. Findings: The results of these studies show that the best models fitted in SARIMA (1,1,1) (1,0,1), SARIMA, SARIMA (0,1,1) (1,0,1), telephoto SARIMA, Primate (1,0,1) (1,1,1) SARIMA, Dezful (1,0,2) (1,1,1) SARIMA, Plain SARIMA, Dokehe (0,2,2) (1,1,1) SARIMA, Gotvand (1,1,2) (1,0,1) SARIMA (1,1,1) And SARAB (1.1.2) (2.1.1), which had good accuracy to predict surface currents.Discussion and Conclusion: Surveying the annual prediction of surface currents for 2019 to 2029 showed that surface currents in all selected stations decreased and this decrease in Ahwaz station to the highest and the two-hill station to the lowest values reaches to 9.78 and 0/58 respectively; also, the monthly forecast showed that in December, with 6/98 and 1/67, the highest and lowest decreases would occur. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Study of the Potential Pollution of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Anzali Wetland Based on Sequential Extraction Technique
samira behravesh alireza pourkhabbaz Mohammad EbrahimpourBackground and Objective: In present century, population growth, technology development and agriculture development are causing environmental pollutions. Many pollutants are entering into the environment by humans; one of the major environmental pollutants is heavy meta MoreBackground and Objective: In present century, population growth, technology development and agriculture development are causing environmental pollutions. Many pollutants are entering into the environment by humans; one of the major environmental pollutants is heavy metals which enter to the aquatic ecosystems. These elements are very stable and because of their toxic effects and accumulation have a particular importance. Level of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems like wetland by measuring their concentration in water, sediments and organisms is considered. Sediments are the potential source of contamination in aquatic environments and act as sink for pollutants. As forms of heavy metals are varying to make different mobility, bioavailability and toxicity, the measurement of total elements cannot provide the complete information of the characteristics of heavy metals. Therefore, sequential extraction processes of elements of sediments have been developed.Material and Methodology: In this study, concentration of cadmium, copper, lead, zinc and chromium in surface of sediments at the southwest regions of Anzali wetland were studied by sequential extraction process in four stages. Sediments were sampled from six sites by Grab sampler. Concentration of elements in these samples was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).Findings: Average concentrations of elements in the sequential extraction method showed that metals rates in the different fractions was: Residual > Organic Oxidation > Acid Reduction > Exchangeable. In total, metals concentration in sediment samples of the southwest of Anzali wetland was: Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd.Discussion and Conclusion: Geochemical Accumulation Index (Igeo) was calculated for these elements. According to this factor, cadmium pollution in this area was moderate (Igeo=1.65). Other elements had shown no pollution. Individual Contamination Factor (ICF) for heavy metals calculated, also. These results showed that lead and chromium had the highest bioavailability so they can be dangerous for organisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Landscape Metrics as Tool for Investigating the Relationship between Landscape Patterns and Land Surface Temperature in suitable scale(Case Study: Tehran City
Fatemeh Effati Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Fatemeh SHafie Khorshidi Saeed KarimiBackground and Objective: Tehran has experienced extensive population growth in the last decades, leading to a high rate of urban expansion. Land use/land cover (LULC) patterns have noticeably been changed to impervious surfaces that led to the changes in the thermal co MoreBackground and Objective: Tehran has experienced extensive population growth in the last decades, leading to a high rate of urban expansion. Land use/land cover (LULC) patterns have noticeably been changed to impervious surfaces that led to the changes in the thermal condition and forming heat islands in this city. So this study wants to evaluate the landscape and the Land surface temperature patterns via using the landscape metrics on a proper scale in Tehran. Material and Methodology: In this study, a combination of remote sensing, GIS and landscape ecology approach is used to explain the relationship between land use/cover patterns and land surface temperature in Tehran's urban area. We used ETM + Landsat satellite images of February 28, 2013 to create a five class LULC map of the area through Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis and the maximum algorithm methods. Also, Land Surface Temperature map were prepared according to the available methods for thermal band of the sensor and were presented in four zones. Then, the relationship between LST and land use/cover was investigated using 7 landscape metrics (e.g MPS, PAFRAC, COHESION). Findings: We found that impervious surface has the highest percentage of class and mean patch size, cohesion and aggregation, and landscape metrics very well described the LST zone II with impervious surface dominance. Also, the results showed that the 30 m pixel size is good enough for assessing the spatial and ecological characteristics of LULC patterns and their relationships with LST in Tehran Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed the possibility of assessing the relationship between LST and LULC based on the landscape metrics. The findings can be useful for urban planners and environmental managers to decrease urban heat pollution during urban sprawl and development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Evaluation of sharp-interface simulation of saltwater intrusion into the multi-layered coastal aquifers exposed to pumping
S. Sadjad Mehdizadeh Freydoon VafaieBackground and Objective: Population growth and scarcity of coastal freshwater resources have increased the stresses on many coastal aquifers, leading to aquifer storage decline and salwater intrusion (SWI). Investigation of coastal aquifers routinely involves the appli MoreBackground and Objective: Population growth and scarcity of coastal freshwater resources have increased the stresses on many coastal aquifers, leading to aquifer storage decline and salwater intrusion (SWI). Investigation of coastal aquifers routinely involves the application of SWI models, which can be divided into two categories, namely sharp-interface and dispersive-interface approaches. There is no mixing between freshwater and saltwater at sharp-interface approaches. This makes them computationally more efficient while dispersive-modeling approaches are more numerically challenging, but allow for freshwater-saltwater mixing. Method: Most coastal aquifers comprise overlying sequences of geological strata, resulting in SWI characteristics that may differ significantly to those of homogeneous cases. The layered coastal aquifers have received significantly less attention than the more simplified single-layer case, despite the fact that stratified aquifers are widespread. In this study, a sharp-interface approach (named as SHI-SWIM) was developed using FORTRAN programming code. The model is first validated and then applied for the simulation of sand-tank experiment and field-scale multi-layered aquifers exposed to pumping in order to evaluate the strength and limitation of the developed model. Findings: SHI-SWIM model produced better result for higher pumping rates. Additionally, the results of fully penetrating wells and closer position of well to shoreline matched better with the dispersive modeling outputs. In real cases, where the saltwater may wend a long distance toward the well screen, the sharp-interface modeling weakly matched with the dispersive modeling, specially in terms of well salinities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Treatement of the Wastewater from E-PVC Unit in a Petrochemical Company Using Electrocoagulation Method
Hossein Hosseini Ali-Akabr Azemati Mohammad Reza Mousavinia Background and Objective: Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical process which is proven to be effective in water and wastewater treatment. In this research study, electrocoagulation method which was based on electron exchange, flocculation and flotation was us More Background and Objective: Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical process which is proven to be effective in water and wastewater treatment. In this research study, electrocoagulation method which was based on electron exchange, flocculation and flotation was used for the treatement of wastewater vrom E-PVC unit in Arvand Petrochemical Company. Method: Most of the contaminants from this unit contain suspended solids, dissolved solids and chemical oxygen. In this study, the batch and continuous units of electrocoagulation process were built. The experimental design was carried out by Design Expert 7 software. Findings: Results of the analysis show that density of flow, number of electrodes and PH are the most important parameters. Time and distance between electrodes are less effective than the original parameters listed. In addition, the increased or decreased effect on efficiency of the surface response is evaluated. Results showed that electrocoagulation process could conveniently remove major pollutants from the E-PVC unit. Discussion and Conclusion: The experimental analysis of the wastewater from the E-PVC unit indicate the proper operation of the electrical coagulation process. These results indicate that the electrical coagulation process can easily remove significant pollutants from the wastewater. The function of this process can be expressed as TSS removal: 84-95%, TDS: 51-80%, COD: 80-92%, OD: 80-95%, and TN and TP over 80%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Prediction of Flow Pattern in Surface Discharge of Negatively Buoyant Wastewater Compared with the Results from CORMIX Model
Mohsen Saeedi Ozeair Abessi Arash Aliabadi FarahaniBackground and Objective: Surface discharge of dense jet produced in coastal areas is considered as a common way for the disposal of brine in marine environment. Discharging flow patterns varies depending on the characteristic of discharge and receiving ambient water. T MoreBackground and Objective: Surface discharge of dense jet produced in coastal areas is considered as a common way for the disposal of brine in marine environment. Discharging flow patterns varies depending on the characteristic of discharge and receiving ambient water. Three flow patterns: free jet, shoreline attached jet and plume that have been reported in various field and laboratory studies are considered in this research. D-CORMIX is a computer simulation model that is used for the simulation of entrainment and mixing of negatively buoyant flow into water bodies. This model uses the principals of motion for bouyant flow to determin the flow patern in surface discharge. Thus, it seems that significant differences could be observed by comparing the experimental results of flow configurations for dense discharge using D-CORMIX. Method: D-CORMIX model was run for different discharge and ambient conditions. Same conditions simulated with a flume in a laboratory especially designed for the investigation of dense surface discharge from a rectangular channel. Results: The flow pattern predicted from running D-CORMIX model with laboratory observation was developed separately in non-dimensional diagrams in a way that vertical and horizontal cordinates showed the range of experimental conditions, to identify the area that each flow patern happens. Conclusion: Finanly, the differences between two diagrams and the reasons are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The study of Tehran gas stations pollution and its effect on the surface water
Amir Hesam Hassani Golnaz Sajadi NaeiniThe issue of non-point pollution sources is among the topics which are studied in the world at the present time. Gas stations are an example of such sources the pollution of which can affect the environment, especially the area around them and in rainy weather. In this MoreThe issue of non-point pollution sources is among the topics which are studied in the world at the present time. Gas stations are an example of such sources the pollution of which can affect the environment, especially the area around them and in rainy weather. In this research, the gas stations located in the city of Tehran were identified. Then, among the city’s 104 gas stations, 9 were selected in the different parts of the city and their contamination level was studied. The tests of pH, EC (Electrical Conductivity), TSS (Total Suspended Solid), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), and TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) were performed in three time periods, from October to February, on the samples of the 9 gas stations. The samples were taken from the surface water channels around the gas stations. The results demonstrated that the areas of gas stations were polluted due to their fuel run-off. The concentration of COD and TSS of the samples were 110 to 1140 mg/lit and 100 to 800 mg/lit, respectively. The amount of TPH detected in the samples was high in flat areas. The maximum contamination level occurred in November (a rainy month). The results also indicated that gas stations played an important role in polluting the surface water around stations and discharging hydrocarbon compounds in the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations on free surface flows
A. Mahmoud ‎Aly‎‎ -
Open Access Article
127 - Set a bi-objective redundancy allocation model to optimize the reliability and cost of the Series-parallel systems using NSGA II problem
M. R. Shahriari‎ -
Open Access Article
128 - Effect of slip and variable thermal boundary conditions on hydromagnetic mixed convection flow and heat transfer from a non-linearly stretching surface
M. Abd El-Aziz -
Open Access Article
129 - Investigating the Effective Factors in Breaking the Stability of Contemporary Housing Identity in Tabriz from the Perspective of Changes in the Face and Tone of Architecture (Case Study of Valiasr Neighborhood)
Bahram Mohammadian Shabnam Akbari Namdar Hasan Ebrahimi asl Nasim Najafgholipour KalantariBackground and Aim: Urban identity is a set of values that cover different cultural, economic or political terms and separates a city from the rest. Meanwhile, architecture and urban planning play a very important role in maintaining and sustainability of a community MoreBackground and Aim: Urban identity is a set of values that cover different cultural, economic or political terms and separates a city from the rest. Meanwhile, architecture and urban planning play a very important role in maintaining and sustainability of a community identity and culture, in Iran with the arrival of modernity, in Tabriz, regardless of identity - culture, architecture and urbanization of Tabriz, causing the lack of the stability of identity in the city and contemporary housing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the sustainability of contemporary housing identity in Tabriz from the perspective of face transformation and architectural tone. Methods: The present research is descriptive - analytical of survey type. The statistical population includes specialists in this area, the sample size is 12 of the experts and professors. For data analysis, structural equation method was used through Smart Pls and AMOS software. Findings: The results of the research show that the most impact on the sustainability of contemporary housing identity in terms of facial developments and architecture tone in Tabriz, the introduction of architecture in the concept of goods and not the place of living and the city in the warehouse of the goods and not the largest amount of civilization with bills of 0.96 And the conversion of Iranian architecture has had the least impact on architecture in Iran with a factor load of 0.34. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, there is a direct relationship between facial developments and architectural tone and the sustainability of architectural identity in Contemporary Housing Valiasr Nasr Tabriz. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The Study of the Diffusion Coefficient of Meso-Scale Eddies in the Persian Gulf
Amin Raeisi Hesameddin Mehrfar AbbasAli AliAkbariBidokhtiBackground and objectives: Meso-scale eddies are not only dynamically important, but also climatologically, environmentally, as well as in terms of air-sea interaction are of special importance. Due to the existence of oil and gas fields, the Persian Gulf is exposed to MoreBackground and objectives: Meso-scale eddies are not only dynamically important, but also climatologically, environmentally, as well as in terms of air-sea interaction are of special importance. Due to the existence of oil and gas fields, the Persian Gulf is exposed to oil pollution, analyzing the role of factors such as meso-scale eddies in the spread of pollution in the Persian Gulf is very important.Methods: In this study, sea level data related to the analyzed Aviso reference data series (2010-2014) were used and meso-scale eddies were identified and tracked using a method based on sea level, and the relevant maps were drawn. This method is more effective than other common methods of tracking eddies.Findings: By studying the location of formation of eddies, eddy distribution coefficient was also calculated and the results indicated that eddies created in spring have a larger scale and higher speed, while eddies created in winter have a smaller scale and lower speed.Discussion and Conclusion: The eddies located in the north and south of the Persian Gulf have moved to the west and east of the Persian Gulf, respectively, which is consistent with the results of other studies. The range of the most eddy activity in the entrance parts of the Persian Gulf is from the Strait of Hormuz and inclined to the coast of Iran as well as northwest of the Persian Gulf. The maximum number of eddies is observed in summer and winter and the least number of eddies is observed in spring and autumn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Preparation of Diazinon Adsorbent NanoComposite using Pine Activated Carbon and Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles
Noraddin Hosseinpour Azad Ehsan Shokri Najmeh NassiriBackground and Objective: The use of activated carbon in company with metal nano catalysts for pesticides removal from the environment has been considered by researchers, recently. This study aimed to remove diazinon residues from water using Nano-MnO2/PAC composite mad MoreBackground and Objective: The use of activated carbon in company with metal nano catalysts for pesticides removal from the environment has been considered by researchers, recently. This study aimed to remove diazinon residues from water using Nano-MnO2/PAC composite mading from Pinus eldarica activated carbon containing manganese dioxide nanoparticles.Method: Initially, the powdered residues of pine cone were treated using phosphoric acid and then converted to activated carbon by chemically heat method under ordinary atmosphere. Then manganese dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized in its substrate. The chemical structure and carbon appearance of the resulting pine fruit and nanocomposite were described by SEM, TEM, XRD, and IR characterization methods. Adsorption tests are performed to evaluate the removal efficiency of diazinon from aqueous solution by applying operational variables including pH (2-10), temperature (16-42 0C), contact time (2-120 min), and at initial concentrations (0.05-100 mg/L) of diazinon was studied.Findings: Microscopic images and spectroscopy showed that manganese dioxide nanoparticles with an approximate size of 37.5 nm were present in the nanocomposite. The results showed that small amounts of nanocomposite (3 mg/L) were able to remove 94.6% of the diazinon with an initial concentration of 40 mg/L. The best description of the adsorption process at optimal pH 4, with fit in the Langmuir isotherm model with a correlation coefficient of 0.985.Discussion and Conclusions: According to results, the presence of manganese dioxide nanoparticles improved the removal efficiency of diazinon by 13.7% compared to activated carbon of pine fruit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - A Comparative Study of Satire between Arabic and Persian Language (Concentrating on Bashār ibn Burd’s Potries)
Mohammad Hassan Masoumi Majid FotoohiSatire in literature means a piece of poem or prose which stands against eulogy and meets personal purposes. It bears a caustic, explicit and sometimes insulting tone, but if it is to express the socio-political pains, it employs a softer language. Satire is constructed MoreSatire in literature means a piece of poem or prose which stands against eulogy and meets personal purposes. It bears a caustic, explicit and sometimes insulting tone, but if it is to express the socio-political pains, it employs a softer language. Satire is constructed based on caustic and painful criticism, and sometimes, it is led to sarcasm and painful insult. Any form of emphasis on ugly aspects of a phenomenon, whether voluntary or involuntary, is a satire. Satire is a piece of prose or poetry which tends to ridicule or insult somebody. Due to the literary definition of satire and the difference the critics considered between satire and abusiveness, dissolute and indecent writings – which disgrace people - can be excluded from satiric ones. In this study, the authors have tried to analyze satire in Arabic and Persian language and its impact on Arabic, especially on Bashār ibn Burd Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Comparative Study of Vajhi’s “Sab Ras” and SibakNeishabouri’s “Lovers’ Face, Heart and Instructions”
AbulGhassem RadfarAsadollah a member of Vajhi family became the poet laureate of the court. He was a prominent poet and writer of Persian and Urdu who became famous as “GhalebDakn”. Vajhi is the first Urdu prose writer and his book “Sab Ras” is known as the first MoreAsadollah a member of Vajhi family became the poet laureate of the court. He was a prominent poet and writer of Persian and Urdu who became famous as “GhalebDakn”. Vajhi is the first Urdu prose writer and his book “Sab Ras” is known as the first Urdu prose work. His other book “GhotbeMoshtari” made him become known as the first critic of Urdu Language. In this latter book he has paid attention to the criteria and principles of criticizing poems and poetry. The book is still valuable today. Content analysis of the book “Sab Ras” which is the first Sophist allegorical work in Urdu shows that the writer has been under the influence of the famous sections by Fattahi or SibakNeishabouri. The present article studies this influence and brings in instances to prove it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Comparative Study of Shirin Image in "Shirin & Khosrow" and "Khosrow & Shirin"
Mehrnoush Mansouri MeymandiShirin Khosrow II's wife is one of the famous Persian Literature beloveds. She was charming and familiar to attraction tricks who made the mighty king to obey and curtsy her wishes. The fame of this eternal and everlasting love owes Nezami's efforts. Amir khosrow dehlaw MoreShirin Khosrow II's wife is one of the famous Persian Literature beloveds. She was charming and familiar to attraction tricks who made the mighty king to obey and curtsy her wishes. The fame of this eternal and everlasting love owes Nezami's efforts. Amir khosrow dehlawi – Non Iranian Persian poet – composed "Shirin & Khosrow" by versioning the abovementioned work. This paper attempts to study "Shirin"'s character in "Shirin & Khosrow" by Amir khosrow dehlawi from image and personality point of view. The issue made the author to choose such subject is the hidden role of women in Persian poets' thoughts and works. The present article has been done in librarian method from valid books of Iran and Tajikistan libraries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Surah Motafin's stylistics based on three phonetic, hybrid and rhetorical levels
seyedmajid nabavi somayeh Azaddel mahsa ghorbaniIt is a scientific stylistics that, by examining the descriptions and analysis, reaches the literary aspects of a text and convey the meanings and concepts of a literary text to the reader clearly. The Holy Qur'an, a divine miracle, has attracted the attention of stylis MoreIt is a scientific stylistics that, by examining the descriptions and analysis, reaches the literary aspects of a text and convey the meanings and concepts of a literary text to the reader clearly. The Holy Qur'an, a divine miracle, has attracted the attention of stylists as a literary text, especially in recent years. This article seeks to examine Surah Motafin in three phonetic, hybrid and rhetorical levels by using a descriptive-analytical method and using stylist knowledge to exist in the literary and semantic aspects of Surah. In Surat al -Mutafin at the phonetic level, by applying a rhetoric, the surah and the audience attracts the audience. At the combination level, using sentences such as presenting and delays, the line of beliefs and beliefs draws the polytheists. At the rhetorical level, it also points to the use of God's ownership and that everything is in the permission of God.At the combination level, using sentences such as presenting and delays, the line of beliefs and beliefs draws the polytheists. At the rhetorical level, it also points to the use of God's ownership and that everything is in the permission of God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - An Analysis on Balance Lexical Level of English Translations of the Holy Quran based on Baker's Theory (Case study)
Mostafa Mo’allemi Seyyed Ali Hashemi khanabbasiThe Holy Quran is the holy text of Muslims, a divine book revealed to the last Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, to be a message to the world for all ages. Since the Qur'an accepts the diversity of languages and considers it as a ground for the acquaint MoreThe Holy Quran is the holy text of Muslims, a divine book revealed to the last Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, to be a message to the world for all ages. Since the Qur'an accepts the diversity of languages and considers it as a ground for the acquaintance of peoples and nations, the translation of the Qur'an has long been considered. English is now an international and mediating language, and numerous translations of the Qur'an have been provided in this language. One of the most important issues in translating texts is creating balance or equality at different language levels. Balance at the lexical level as well as the precedence of meaning over the appearance is considered to be one of the most important priorities in translating texts. In the present study, three translations of the Qur'an based on Mona Baker's view on the issue of creating balance have been studied. According to studied examples, the findings show that these translations sometimes failed to strike a balance and failed to convey the meaning correctly to the target language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - A comparative study of the image of women in Khamsa Nizami and Ahmed Shawqi based on Phyllis Chesler’s theory
mina salari seyed aliakbar shariatifar abolghasem amirahmadiIn this article, a comparative study of the female image in Khamsa Nizami and Ahmed Shoghi's poems is done based on Phyllis Chesler's theory. The type of research is analytical-descriptive and its method is library. The results of the research show that there MoreIn this article, a comparative study of the female image in Khamsa Nizami and Ahmed Shoghi's poems is done based on Phyllis Chesler's theory. The type of research is analytical-descriptive and its method is library. The results of the research show that there are significant similarities in terms of the classification of women and some of their personality traits in the military style of thought and Ahmed Shoghi's point of view; Of course, this does not mean that the views of Nizami and Shoghi are completely similar, and they have completely different views in some fields. Ahmad Shoghi is a traditional poet who has not been freed from the shackles of traditionalism and has not taken steps that are very different from his predecessors. He pays attention to the external features of women and describes them following the example of ancient poets, but in his plays, when he talks about women and love, he seems like a poet in love. In this type of poetry, the poet is freed from the constraints imposed by the social situation, so it expresses sincere and sensitive feelings. In the introduction of women, Nizami introduces women with chastity and modesty, the profession in love making; Wisdom is a distinctive feature of women in love in Khumsa. A decent quality that Shoghi's desired women are miles away from. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Makeup ruling on Islamic law
سید محمد شفیعی مازندرانیFace to Face, one of the issues to the attention of the public and the Msyalh sometimes in terms of hygiene and health issues and sometimes aesthetically and sometimes religious perspective is investigated. The study of religion and the religious mandate for reform were MoreFace to Face, one of the issues to the attention of the public and the Msyalh sometimes in terms of hygiene and health issues and sometimes aesthetically and sometimes religious perspective is investigated. The study of religion and the religious mandate for reform were evaluated.In this study, the kind of reform that can make it in the title of the new study was the norm for believers razors and razor arrived in this study prohibitions problem known as the Qur'an, the Sunnah Ahlbyt, conduct religious persons Mtbdan true and pious, was confirmed.The study also considered the fact that many scholars shaving practical problem of evil, Satan and know the un-IslamicFace to Face, one of the issues to the attention of the public and the Msyalh sometimes in terms of hygiene and health issues and sometimes aesthetically and sometimes religious perspective is investigated. The study of religion and the religious mandate for reform were evaluated.In this study, the kind of reform that can make it in the title of the new study was the norm for believers razors and razor arrived in this study prohibitions problem known as the Qur'an, the Sunnah Ahlbyt, conduct religious persons Mtbdan true and pious, was confirmed.The study also considered the fact that many scholars shaving practical problem of evil, Satan and know the un-Islamic Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - the jurisprudence on the beautification of the head and face
narges khatami سید محمد مهدی احمدیOne of the nice features of Islam confirming and strengthening the sense of patriotism In regard to appearance and consequently maintain the dignity of man and Muslim Accordingly.This is in line with growing demand for cosmetic surgery has been done head and face. Accor MoreOne of the nice features of Islam confirming and strengthening the sense of patriotism In regard to appearance and consequently maintain the dignity of man and Muslim Accordingly.This is in line with growing demand for cosmetic surgery has been done head and face. Accordingly, for a license to beautify the verses and hadiths and practical principles And also because it can be argued rationally. In this paper, the library method And provide evidence, if accepted for any reason to briefly review And has been answered. Memel possible prolongation until Vakhtsar disruptive been warned. key words: Beauty, the reason, Head and face, Permit Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - A new strain of Rhodotrula mucilaginosa producing sophorolipid biosurfactant as an effective agent in microbial oil extraction
Zahra Ganji Keyvan Beheshti-Maal Ahmadreza Massah Zarrindokht Emami-KarvaniObjective: Biosurfactants have wide applications in the microbiology of food and oil. The aim of this research was to investigate the production of stable biosurfactant in high temperature and salinity from yeasts isolated from oil-contaminated soil.Materials and method MoreObjective: Biosurfactants have wide applications in the microbiology of food and oil. The aim of this research was to investigate the production of stable biosurfactant in high temperature and salinity from yeasts isolated from oil-contaminated soil.Materials and methods: Bushnell Haas culture medium was used to screen biosurfactant producing yeasts. The presence of biosurfactant was evaluated using oil dispersion and surface tension reduction tests.Findings: The best biosurfactant producing strain of Radotrulla mucilaginosawas named GBMEIAUF1 and its 5.8s-rDNA gene sequence was registered inthe NCBI gene bank under accession number CBS11162. The results of thin layer chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the extracted biosurfactant was sophorolipid with significant surface activity. Purified sophorolipid decreased the surface tension of water from 72 mN/m to 1.29 mN/m. The highest emulsification index, E24%, the extracted biosurfactant was 53% and retained 63.71 to 58.09% of its initial activity at 80 to 120 degrees Celsius. This biosurfactant also retained 82.67 and 89.41% of its initial activity at pH 10.5, and 12, 59.66% of its initial activity at 10% salinity.Conclusion: This research is the first report of sophorolipid production by the yeast Redotrula mucilaginosa.Due to its thermal stability and high pH and salinity tolerance, sophorolipid produced by Redotrula mucilaginosa can be strongly recommended as an effective emulsifying agent for application in microbial enhanced oil extraction programs as well as food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Study of clbB and clbN genes in E.coli isolates isolated from vegetables irrigated with surface water and urban waste
Samira Sadeghian Mohsen Zargar shahla Mohammad GanjiObjective: One of the factors causing colorectal cancer is infection with a specific strain of Escherichia coli (E.coli) that has a PKS genomic island with two clbB and clbN genes. One of the ways of human bacterial contamination is to consume vegetables irrigated with MoreObjective: One of the factors causing colorectal cancer is infection with a specific strain of Escherichia coli (E.coli) that has a PKS genomic island with two clbB and clbN genes. One of the ways of human bacterial contamination is to consume vegetables irrigated with water contaminated with bacteria. These two genes cause the activation of the message transmission pathway and the DNA mutation and tumorigenesis by producing the toxin Bactin. The main aim of the present study is to investigate clbB and clbN genes in Escherichia coli isolated from vegetables irrigated with surface water and urban waste. Materials and methods: Vegetables irrigated with surface water, well and urban waste were collected from three regions of Tehran. Their E.coli bacteria were isolated and identified and confirmed. Then, PCR test was performed for clbB and clbN genes of all isolated E.coli bacteria. Findings: The obtained microbial and biochemical results confirmed the E.coli bacteria isolated from the investigated vegetables. The molecular results showed that the highest and lowest frequencies for the samples that simultaneously contained both studied genes were related to vegetables irrigated with urban waste and vegetables irrigated with well water (P≤0.05). This result was almost the same for the vegetables of all three studied regions. Conclusion: Considering the high frequency of E.coli bacteria isolated from vegetables irrigated with municipal waste and in order to prevent bacterial infection and consequently colorectal cancer, complete disinfection of vegetables and non-irrigation of vegetables in areas with waste are suggested. Keywords: E.coli, clbB, clbN, Vegetables, Urban waste, Surface water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - syntax analysis of short story “entekhab” by Simin Daneshvar based on Paris school
fahime golnar ahmad zakerithe semantic sign analysis of the Paris school examines the relationship between linguistic signs in discursive system and the study of two narrative and semantic structures in two levels of structured and profound construction. This analysis shows that a sign in relati Morethe semantic sign analysis of the Paris school examines the relationship between linguistic signs in discursive system and the study of two narrative and semantic structures in two levels of structured and profound construction. This analysis shows that a sign in relation to other discriminant signs goes through a process that has a special meaning. In the study of surface structure of elements such as the external and internal forms of discourse, the dynamic dimension of the word, the role of effective verbs, actors, action, the relationship of elements in the axis of substitution and association, features and isotopes, and the like, and in the deep study of the semantic square and its relationship with the narrative structure and the semantic role of effective verbs in theology and in the interactive level of discourse, the study of the dimensions of cognitive, action, and emotional, are effective tools in semantic analysis. In this descriptive – analytical study, we tried to examine the structure of narrative syntax in the story of “entekhab” by Simin Daneshvar by studing the elements of narrative syntax, we show discursive signs in many stories of such a process to lead to the formation of the meaning of the story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Screening and Optimization of Microextraction of Pb(II) by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Using Response Surface Methodology
Maryam Salahinejad Fereidoon Aflaki -
Open Access Article
144 - Cure Characteristics and Physico-mechanical Properties of the Stearic Acid Surface of Modified Calcium Carbonate Reinforcement NR/SBR Compounds
Mercedeh Malekzadeh Fereshteh Motiee Saeed Taghvaei-Ganjali Zeynab Abdollahzadeh -
Open Access Article
145 - Production of Ethylene Glycol Diacetate Ester Using a Heterogeneous Titanium (IV) Isopropoxide Catalyst: Response Surface Methodology
Borna Bayat Kambiz Tahvildari Amin Bazyari Alireza Hemmati -
Open Access Article
146 - Ultrasonic Assisted Adsorption of Rhodamine B (RhB) Dye by Albizia Stem Bark Lebbeck Modified by Fe2 (MoO4)3 Nanocomposite Synthesis: Experimental Design Methodology
Shiva Enolghozati Nasrin Choobkar Elham Pournamdari Farzaneh Marahel -
Open Access Article
147 - Synthesize of Ion Imprinted Polymer for Selective Extraction of lead (II) from Environmental Water Samples
Mahboobeh Manoochehri Homayon Ahmad Panahi Meghdad Karimi -
Open Access Article
148 - Silane‐Functionalized Organic Macrocyclic Compounds‐Modified UVCurable Polyurethane Coatings: Synthesisand Properties
Afsaneh Barekat Behzad Shirkavand Hadavand Ayeh Rayatzadeh Rashid Badri -
Open Access Article
149 - Synthesis and Surfactant Effect on Structural Analysis of Nickel Doped Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles by C-precipitation Method
Pirouz Derakhshi Roshanak Lotfi -
Open Access Article
150 - Response Surface Methodology Modeling to Determine of Trace Amounts of Phenolic Compounds Using Silver Modified / Zero Valent Iron/ Fe3O4@G Nanocomposite
Mahmoud Reza Sohrabi Mohammad Reza Kashefi Alasl Mehran Davallo -
Open Access Article
151 - Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of condensed tannin from acron, gland, leaf and gall of oak using response surface methodology
Reza Tabaraki Alimohammad Safari Ali Yeganeh Faal -
Open Access Article
152 - Removal of Benzyl Paraben from Wastewater Using Zeolitic Imidazolate-67 Modified by Fe3O4 Nanoparticles with Response Surface Methodology
Mohammad Pourmohammad Arezoo Ghadi Ali Aghababai Beni -
Open Access Article
153 - Effect of Surface Treatment and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting
Q Salim Shaher M Razazi Boroujeni S Nosohiyan -
Open Access Article
154 - Improving the Tribological Behavior of Commercially Pure Titanium Using TIG Surface Alloying
A. Vahedi Nemani M. Ghaffari N. Rasekh Saleh H. Tazikeh -
Open Access Article
155 - Evaluation Microstructure and Hardness of the Fe-Cr-C Hardfacing Alloy with Cr/C=6 Ratio
H Sabet -
Open Access Article
156 - Investigation of Dental Implant’s Titanium Surface Hydrophilicity Effect on Biocompatibility and Osseointegration
B Mohammadi A. G Dezfuli E Anbarzadeh A. A Malek Altejari -
Open Access Article
157 - A Review on Biocompatibility Characteristics of Dental Implant’s Titanium Surface Treatment Methods, Focusing on SLA and SLActive Procedures
Mohammadi B Anbarzadeh E -
Open Access Article
158 - The Image of Self and the Other in Esmaeel Fasih's Sorayya in Coma
Fatemeh KazemzadehThe novel Sorayya in Coma by Esmaeel Fasih is among contemporary novels in which some important periods of historical and political life of Iran (the eighties) have been presented. Presence of the other in Iran is pointed and emphasized in the novel. In this paper, the MoreThe novel Sorayya in Coma by Esmaeel Fasih is among contemporary novels in which some important periods of historical and political life of Iran (the eighties) have been presented. Presence of the other in Iran is pointed and emphasized in the novel. In this paper, the other against "native" or same “Iranian essence” is whoever does not carry Iranian identity or nationality. Discussion method is analytical here and it has been tried to describe interpretation provisions and methods of “the other” including its set of values, culture manifestations, life style, religion, beliefs, dressing, customs and traditions as much as possible. The other's face- western or eastern- has been drawn abundantly in Sorayya in Coma. A corrupted and negative picture of the American, the Arab and the Turkish can be seen clearly in this novel. Although France is a European country, a logical and balanced picture of it has formed in personalities' subjectivity of the novel. Fasih has presented "native" face in character of Sorayya in this novel such that Status of Sorayya projects in mind the condition of Iran during imposed war. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Computational study of the effect of tin oxide nanoparticles on the thermodynamic properties of Mephedrone
Roya Ahmadi ashraf Sadat Shah Velayatih Shabnam Shashmani Masoumeh Simin GhadMephedrone is a drug that increases the speed of communication between the brain and the body by affecting the neurotransmitters in the brain. Superficial absorption of tin oxide nanoparticles with this stimulant increases the performance of this drug. In this study, su MoreMephedrone is a drug that increases the speed of communication between the brain and the body by affecting the neurotransmitters in the brain. Superficial absorption of tin oxide nanoparticles with this stimulant increases the performance of this drug. In this study, superficial absorption of tin oxide nanoparticles The methamphetamine stimulant in the aqueous phase of water was investigated by the continuous gas model (PCM) method using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. For this purpose, first, the structure of the drug Mephedrone stimulant and its derivatives with tin oxide nanoparticles and its effect on the nervous system with the level of calculations 6-316 * and hybrid functions of B3LYP were geometrically optimized. Then IR calculations, NBO studies, and molecular orbital calculations including the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) as well as the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) and to investigate parameters such as hardness, softness, chemical Brilliance and analytical potential. They did. Also, the calculated thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy changes (ΔGf), enthalpy formation changes (ΔHf) showed that the surface absorption of Mephedrone with tin oxide is heat-generating, spontaneous, unilateral and unbalanced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Non-destructive spectroscopic methods in the identification and quantitative measurement of various mycotoxins in pistachios
Rouhollah Karami-Osboo fahimeh faridshayganThe problem of aflatoxin contamination of pistachios is one of the important research issues and one of the national and regional problems of this valuable product and pistachio exporting countries have always used this tactic against Iranian pistachios in order to comp MoreThe problem of aflatoxin contamination of pistachios is one of the important research issues and one of the national and regional problems of this valuable product and pistachio exporting countries have always used this tactic against Iranian pistachios in order to compete in the international market. Many agricultural products are at risk of aflatoxin contamination and have been allowed in food due to health hazards. So in agriculture, we need controllers or processors of products, which are fast and cheap. The presence of fungi and the feeding of spores causes them to grow and produce more toxins in the product. The purpose of this study was to review the use of a spectroscopic method (surface-enhanced Raman SERS or FTIR) to detect the type and concentration of aflatoxin in pistachios using a simple method and rapid one-step extraction to discover and implement the method for analysis and Analysis is in place. The proposed SERS method can be used as a powerful tool to generate useful power for analysis with great accuracy and convenience to detect aflatoxins in many parts of the sample required for rapid analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Aesthetic Principles of the Beloved’s Face in Homam Tabrizi’s Sohbatnameh
Fazel Abbaszadeh Jalil TajlilImagery and image creation is one of the techniques to avoid the clichéd and ordinary language and enter the realm of ambiguous literary language. Homam as a great Persian poet, utilizing artistic imagination and colorful imagery, has managed to express several r MoreImagery and image creation is one of the techniques to avoid the clichéd and ordinary language and enter the realm of ambiguous literary language. Homam as a great Persian poet, utilizing artistic imagination and colorful imagery, has managed to express several referents in a single sign and create a novel poetic sphere. Profound studies of such examples of imagery familiarize us with some artistic values and rhetorical beauties. In this study, using “expressive” means, we have measured the quality and quantity of Homam Tabrizi’s image creation in Masnavi-e-Sohbatnameh, pictured by the beloved’s face, and analyzed his imagery devices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Estimation of Surface Roughness in Turning by Considering the Cutting Tool Vibration, Cutting Force and Tool Wear
A. Salimi A. Ebrahimpour M. Shalvandi E. Seidi -
Open Access Article
163 - Experimental Study on Magnetic Abrasive Honing of Inner Surface of Tube AISI304
Hamzeh Shahrajabian Masoud Farahnakian Payam Saraeian -
Open Access Article
164 - Optimization of AZ61 Mg Alloy Resistance Spot Welding using Response Surface Method
Afshin Lotfi Davood Afshari Zuheir Barsoum -
Open Access Article
165 - Investigation and Optimization of EDM Milling and its Comparison with Die Sink EDM
Mahmoud Moradi Reza AbbasiRad Majid Ghoreishi Hadi Abdollahi Majid Rostami -
Open Access Article
166 - Optimization of the Forging Process of a Gas Turbine Blade using the Finite Element Analysis and Response Surface Method
V. Alimirzaloo F. R. Biglari -
Open Access Article
167 - Experimental Study on Surface Roughness and Flatness in Lapping of AISI 52100 Steel
Masoud Farahnakian H. ُُShahrajabian -
Open Access Article
168 - Development of Process Model for Optimal Selection of Process Parameters for Geometric Tolerances and Surface Roughness in Stereolithography
Chockalingam Kunjan Jawahar N. Chandrasekhar U. Praveen J. Karthic M. -
Open Access Article
169 - A New Method for Measuring Perforated Surface by Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)
MohammadMahdi Amiri -
Open Access Article
170 - Transient Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer via Natural Convection over a Vertical Complex Wavy Surface
Morteza Ghadimi Amir Lotfi Cyrus Aghanajafi -
Open Access Article
171 - Influence of Vibratory Finishing Process by Incorporating Abrasive Ceramics and Glassy Materials on Surface Roughness of CK45 Steel
Payam Saraeian Mostafa Gholami Amir Behagh Omid Behagh Hamid Reza Javadinejad Mohammad Mahdieh -
Open Access Article
172 - Bone Surface Model Development Based on Point Clouds Extracted From CT Scan Images
I. Asheghi Bonabi S. J. Hemmati -
Open Access Article
173 - Numerical Analysis of Circular Pre-notched U-Channel Section Distortions in Cold Roll-Forming Process
S. Sattar S. Mazdak E. Sharifi -
Open Access Article
174 - Evaluation of Parameters Affecting Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) of Superalloy Inconel 718
Mehrdad Vahdati SeyedAlireza Rasouli -
Open Access Article
175 - Surface Characteristics Improvement of AZ31B Magnesium by Surface Compositing with Carbon Nano-tubes through Friction Stir Processing
M. Soltani M. Shamanian B. Niroumand -
Open Access Article
176 - Investigating the Effect of Rotation Speed and Ultrasonic Vibrations in the Incremental Forming Process
Saeed Amini Farshad Nazari Mohammad Baraheni Amir Hossein Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
177 - Effects of Abrasive Media on Surface Roughness in Barrel Finishing Process
Ali Vakili Sohrforozani Masoud Farahnakian Mohammad Sajjad Mahdieh Amir Masoud Behagh Omid Behagh -
Open Access Article
178 - Modal Analysis of Complex Structures via a Sub-Structuring Approach
Vahid Heydari Mohammd Ahmadi Balootaki Mohammad Orak Mehdi Salehi -
Open Access Article
179 - Thermal Loads and Surface Quality Evaluation in Machining of Hardened Die Steel under Dry and Cryogenic Machining
Farshid Jafarian Emad Mohseni -
Open Access Article
180 - Experimental Investigation of Pool Boiling of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) with Different Grooved Surfaces
Amir Vasei Moghadam Hamid Reza Goshayeshi -
Open Access Article
181 - Investigating Effects of Vertical Baffles on Damping of Shallow Water Sloshing using a 3D Model
Rahim Shamsoddini Bahador Abolpour -
Open Access Article
182 - Vibration Analysis of Different Types of Porous FG Circular Sandwich Plates
Mohsen Rahmani Younes Mohammadi Farshad Kakavand -
Open Access Article
183 - Effect of MIG Welding Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Weld Joints of AISI 202 and AISI 316 Steels
Venkatratnam Dirisala KESAVA RAO V.V.S -
Open Access Article
184 - Preparation of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Aerogel/Epoxy Nanocomposites and Experimental Study of Mechanical Properties
ali kordi saeed adibnazari Ali Imam mohammad najafi maryam ghasabzadeh saryazdi -
Open Access Article
185 - Mechanical Properties of Materially and Geometrically Gradient Cellular Structures Manufactured with SLS 3D Printer Applicable as a Bone Implant
Ali Salehi Alireza Daneshmehr Kiyarash Aminfar -
Open Access Article
186 - Evaluation of Fatigue Behavior and Surface Characteristics of Novel Machining Process: Rotary Chemical Machining (RCM)
Pooya Bahrami Ali Khoshanjam Abdolhamid Azizi -
Open Access Article
187 - Investigating the Effect of Electrical Discharge Process Input Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Surface
Hadi Eivazi bagheri Hamid Gorji Mohammad Reza Shabgard mohamad Bakhshi-Jooybari -
Open Access Article
188 - Active Control of Sandwich Microbeams Vibration with FGM and Viscoelastic/ER Core
Amir Hossein Yousefi farhad kiani Esmaeil Abedi -
Open Access Article
189 - Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Bubble Departure Frequency for Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer of Pure Liquids on Flat Heater
Samane Hamzekhani Farhad Shahraki Davood Mohebi- kalhori Mohammad Reza Fardinpour -
Open Access Article
190 - Simultaneous optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Ammi visnaga L. using response surface methodology
Zineb El Jabboury Smail Aazza Driss Ousaaid Oumaima Chater Uros Gasic Peđa Janaćković Zora Dajic Stevanovic Stefan Kolašinac Meryem Benjelloun Lahsen El Ghadraoui -
Open Access Article
191 - Effect of solvent, time and method of extraction on the amounts of phenolic, flavonoid and the antioxidant activity of the extract of Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f.
Fatemeh Rabbani Malihe Samadi Kazemi -
Open Access Article
192 - English Students' Attitudes Towards Using Flipped Classrooms in Language Learning at Hebron University
Mohammed Farrah Ahlam Qawasmeh -
Open Access Article
193 - A Study of Comparative Effects of Textual Enhancement Techniques on Iranian EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Noticing
Reza Rezvani Mohsen Khanzade -
Open Access Article
194 - Politeness Strategies Used in the Iranian and American Newspapers: The Case of Iran's Nuclear Deal
Rasoul Mohammad Hosseinpur Maryam Sadat Sadat HosseiniThe appropriate employment of language by politicians can settle many of the current global problems and crises. Iran’s nuclear deal with all its complexities and subtleties is one of the most contentious global issues that demands a lot of tact and prudence on the part MoreThe appropriate employment of language by politicians can settle many of the current global problems and crises. Iran’s nuclear deal with all its complexities and subtleties is one of the most contentious global issues that demands a lot of tact and prudence on the part of the politicians to be resolved. Politicians could draw upon different politeness strategies to employ appropriate speech, save the face of others, gain their trust, and resolve problems. Considering the significance of this issue, this corpus based descriptive research investigated the politeness strategies employed in the editorials of Iranian and American newspapers. Fifty news articles from the Tehran Times and New York Times published from May 2019 to June 2022 were investigated according to Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness strategies. These news articles were relevant to Iran's nuclear deal. The findings indicated that the most frequent politeness strategy in the Tehran Times news was the positive politeness strategy and the most frequent politeness strategy in the New York Times news was the negative politeness strategy. Finally, the results of the chi-square test revealed that there is a significant difference in the frequency of politeness strategies use in both newspaper articles. The findings highlight the sociocultural dependency of the politeness concept and imply that cultural differences affect preference for the choice of types of politeness strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - The Interrelationship Among EFL Teachers’ Smart Classroom Management, Their Students’ Learning Approach, Positive Orientation, and Language Learning
Afsaneh Ghanizadeh Shirin Maloomi -
Open Access Article
196 - Relationship between Study Approaches with Academic Achievement and Student’s Conception of Learning
Mahnaz Akbari Jalil Fathabadi Isaac Almasi Jahanshah MohammadzadehThe purpose of this study was to investigate the students' deep, surface and strategic learning approaches relationship with academic achievement and student’s perception of learning. The statistical population of this study was 5800 students of Ilam University th MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the students' deep, surface and strategic learning approaches relationship with academic achievement and student’s perception of learning. The statistical population of this study was 5800 students of Ilam University that by using tht categorical random sampling method and the Cochran sample size formula, 534 students from the faculties of humanities, sciences, engineering and agriculture at Ilam University (310 girls and 224 boys) were selected as sample group. The subjects responded to the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students “ASSIST” (Entwistle, 1997) that the first section af this inventory assess student’s concepts of learning and the individual information checklist and academic achievement checklist. Data were analyzed using the crosstabs, contingency coefficient, Pearson Chi-square coefficient Pearson and Spearman correlation and using SPSS22 software. The results of the study showed positive correlation between strategic (p <0.005, r = 0.18) deep approaches (p <0.0001, r = 0.22) and academic achievement, negative correlation between surface approach (05 / 0> p, 11 / 0- = r) and academic achievement. Also there was significant relationship between learning concepts and study approaches (p <0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Human Face Detection in Color Images using Fusion of Ada Boost and LBP Feature
Majid Emadi Mehran Emadi -
Open Access Article
198 - A Survey on Face Recognition Based on Deep Neural Networks
mohsen Norouzi Ali Arshaghi -
Open Access Article
199 - Comparison between land surface temperature estimation in single and multi-channel method using LandSat images 8
Parvaneh Asgarzadeh Ali Darvishi Boloorani Hossain Ali Bahrami Saeid HamzehLand surface temperature (LST) is a key parameter in environmental studies particularly for drought monitoring. Due to the ground limitations to measure the LST on a large scale, thermal remote sensing is a unique method for estimating LST. The aim of this article is co MoreLand surface temperature (LST) is a key parameter in environmental studies particularly for drought monitoring. Due to the ground limitations to measure the LST on a large scale, thermal remote sensing is a unique method for estimating LST. The aim of this article is comparing between LST estimation in single and multi-channel method using Landsat 8 thermal and reflective bands. Necessary ground data from meteorological stations Farabi (Khuzestan) and Karaj (Alborz) were taken to coincide with the dates and times of Landsat 8 overpasses. In this article Land surface emissivity and atmospheric water vapor content are major inputs for single and multi-channel LST estimation. After correction, processing and calculation of interest, LST were estimated. For result evaluation, statistical indices such as Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and coefficient of determination (R2) were used. Results show the high value of R2 in all LST estimation method in comparison with ground measurement. In single channel using band 10 highest accuracy with MAE about 1.04 and 0.98 degrees in Karaj and Farabi station was seen respectively. The lowest and highest value of RMSE is in the single channel method (band 10) and multi-channel method (band 10 and 11) respectively. Study area conditions in terms of temperature; land cover and water vapor content affect the results and appropriate thermal band selection. Take-in consideration, especially using multi-band LST estimation method is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Investigating the relationship between temperature, net radiation flux by biophysical properties and lanuse using LandSat 8 satellite imagery
Mohammad Karimi Firozjaei Majid Kiavrz MogadamDue to high heterogeneity in the land surface properties including variation in the type of surface coverage, varied topography conditions and placement in different geographic locations, investigating the relationship between temperature and net radiation and listed pa MoreDue to high heterogeneity in the land surface properties including variation in the type of surface coverage, varied topography conditions and placement in different geographic locations, investigating the relationship between temperature and net radiation and listed parameters of properties has great importance. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between temperature and net radiation surface with Indexes biophysical properties and land use in the region. For this purpose, LandSat8 satellite image, MODIS water vapor product and digital elevation model map of the city of Sari are used. In order to calculate the surface temperature, single channel algorithm, net radiation from Surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) mountain algorithm and the extraction of different surface properties from Tasselled cap transformation (TCT) Indexes were used. also, the combination of Maximum likelihood classification methods and decision tree are utilized to classify Image. Net radiation has a direct relationship with Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Greenness and Wetness parameters and inverse relationship with mean correlation coefficient 0.8 with NDBI, Albedo, Brightness and surface temperature parameters. In this study, the correlation coefficient of relationship between Wetness, Greenness and Brightness indicators and net radiation surface is 0.94. The Built up lands with an average 600.38 have the lowest net radiation and forest lands with an average 759.5 have the highest net radiation flux in the region. The results show that using remote sensing data and considering the TCT parameters related to biophysical properties of surface are very useful to assess the temperature and net radiation of the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Reconstruction of cloud-free time series satellite observations of land surface temperature (LST) using harmonic analysis of time series algorithm (HANTS)
Hamid Reza Ghafarian Malamiri Hadi Zare KhormizieLand surface temperature (LST) is an essential parameter in the energy exchange between the earth surface and atmosphere. It is widely used in various scientific fields, such as climatology, hydrology, agriculture, ecology, public health and environmental science where MoreLand surface temperature (LST) is an essential parameter in the energy exchange between the earth surface and atmosphere. It is widely used in various scientific fields, such as climatology, hydrology, agriculture, ecology, public health and environmental science where the time series analysis of LST is vital. One of the methods to estimate LST is to use thermal remote sensing technique and infra-red satellite imageries. But, the time series satellite data are commonly prone to miss data, outliers (spatially and temporally) due to clouds, aerosols, cloud masking algorithm malfunctioning and sensor errors. In this study, to solve the problem of missing data (gaps) and outliers Harmonic ANalysis of Time Series algorithm (HANTS) was used. The day and night MODIS LST products (MOD11A1) were used in 2015, with 1 kilometers and daily spatial and temporal resolution, respectively. The study area covers most part of Iran, Turkmenistan and the Caspian Sea, which belongs to an image frame that in the sinusoidal MODIS frame system has the horizontal and vertical number of 22 and 5 (h22v05), respectively. The quality evaluation of original data showed that on average 36.8 and 35.6 percentage of data was covered by a cloud by day and night time. The results of the HANTS algorithm illustrated that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the original and reconstructed data were 3.87 and 2.68 Kelvin during the day and night time. The results of this study indicate that HANTS algorithm can effectively solve the problem of gaps and outliers and improve the quality of data used in time series LST of MODIS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Identification of potential areas for presence of submarine springs in the persian gulf on the coasts of Bushehr province using thermal data of Landsat 8
Mohsen Farzin Ali Akbar Nazari Samani Saeideh Menbari Sadat Feiznia Gholam Abbas KazemiIn order to determine potential areas of submarine springs on the coast of Bushehr province, Sea Surface Semperature (SST) around Bahrain and the coasts of Bushehr province, according, to atmospheric correction coefficients and the relations for thermal band 10 of Lands MoreIn order to determine potential areas of submarine springs on the coast of Bushehr province, Sea Surface Semperature (SST) around Bahrain and the coasts of Bushehr province, according, to atmospheric correction coefficients and the relations for thermal band 10 of Landsat 8 in four months 2016 was mapped using ArGIS and ENVI software. After extracting the estimate temperature submarine springs of Bahrain, six springs was determined as a control. The temperature of the springs was estimated 16.54, 18.52, 17.29, 15.97, 17.73, and 15.83°C in the image of February. Matching coastlines estimated temperature of Bushehr province with the mean control temperature (16.98°C), several regions were identified as potential areas of submarine springs, including Asaloyeh-Nayband bay, a large part of the coastline between Bandar Dayer to Mond river, around the village of Kalat, east-west of Bushehr, between Shif island and Heleh river, Bandar Rig, around Bandar Ganaveh, and between Hendijan and Bandar Deylam. Thermal anomalies with less 100 meter diameter to water bodies probably are less important than wider anomalies; therefore using the images with moderate resolution, such as Landsat 8, may be more important than high resolution images for detecting the broad and significant anomalies, especially in terms of time and cost. The images may use as a preliminary screening test for the early identification of potential areas of the submarine springs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Evaluation of temporal-spatial variations of soil moisture balance by Thorenthwaite Matter method (Case study: Behesht Abad basin)
Elham Davoodi Hoda Ghasemieh Khodayar Abdollahi Okke BatelaanFor the sustainable management of water resources, it is necessary to determine the water balance and its components for the correct use of water. In this study, to obtain a general overview of the water balance and its components, the soil moisture balance was calculat MoreFor the sustainable management of water resources, it is necessary to determine the water balance and its components for the correct use of water. In this study, to obtain a general overview of the water balance and its components, the soil moisture balance was calculated using the Thorenthwaite Matter model in the Behesht Abad basin during 2003-2015. Distribution maps, including rainfall, temperature, actual and potential evapotranspiration, soil moisture, infiltration, surface runoff and leaf area index were prepared. The results showed that in spatial distribution, in spring and summer, the highest (8.98 mm) and the lowest runoff occurs at the altitudes and in the basin outlet, and in autumn and winter, the highest (46.72 mm) and the lowest runoff occurs at the outlet and in the altitudes, respectively. The correlation coefficient between observed and simulated surface runoff is 53%. The amount of infiltration decreases during dry months, the highest infiltration (range from 16 to 31 mm) has occurred in the range of sandy loam and clay loam textures and in agricultural areas and rangeland with good and medium coverage. In terms of spatial distribution, agriculture land and good and medium rangeland have more actual evapotranspiration, which often consistent with regions have the highest leaf area index. In general, the results of this research can be useful in identifying the soil moisture condition and various aspects of this complex system and also watershed management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Identification and differentiating of geomorphology facies of Sabzevar region using Remote sensing and GIS
Esmaeil Silakhori Majid OwneghGeomorphological landscapes are the foundations of natural resources investigations of the watersheds. Because these landscapes are affected by many factors such as climate, soil, hydrology, ecology, geology and so on. In this survey, Sabzevar region with diverse geomor MoreGeomorphological landscapes are the foundations of natural resources investigations of the watersheds. Because these landscapes are affected by many factors such as climate, soil, hydrology, ecology, geology and so on. In this survey, Sabzevar region with diverse geomorphological processes from mountain to play is selected in order to be identified and classified using RS and GIS. For this purpose, a combination of both overlaying and photomorphic units visual interpretation methods was used. In the overlaying method, slope, elevation and geological maps were prepared and classified. In visual interpretation, the TM 5 sensor satellite images were used. After preprocessing of images, the PCA, OIF index, FCC, HS, NDVI index techniques was used to separate photomorphic units with the aid of the Google Earth. Finally, 4 units, 10 types, and 96 facies (in 261 replications) were separated. Statistical analysis using Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference at the 99% level among the area of desertification units, types, and facies the confirming suitable spatial separation of the area. Pediment unit (50.97%), lower pediment type (25.97%) and alluvial fan facies with tunnel erosion (375.43ha) had the highest spatial distribution in Sabzevar region. Finally, it can be concluded that the overlaying method is not suitable for deserts and using a combination of visual interpretation method can fix this defect and increase the accuracy of the output map. The mentioned map can be used for development and implementation of land capability, natural resources and combating desertification projects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Assessing the impact of urban expansion and land cover changes on land surface temperature in Shahrekord city
Ataollah Ebrahimi Elham Kiani SalmiUrban expansion and land use changes have a significant impact on land surface temperature (LST). According to the fact that the development of urban is currently one of the most important phenomena in global warming, it is possible to study and measure the temperature MoreUrban expansion and land use changes have a significant impact on land surface temperature (LST). According to the fact that the development of urban is currently one of the most important phenomena in global warming, it is possible to study and measure the temperature of the Earth's surface in urban areas in the shortest possible time with the rapid development of satellite technology. The purpose of this study was to investigate urban expansion and urban heat island (UHI) using remotely sensed data in Shahrekord city. In this study, Ratio vegetation index (RVI) and Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and LST were calculated using multi-spectral and thermal bands of Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images. Land use map was extracted using the maximum-likelihood algorithm in TerrSet software. The overall kappa index was estimated at 0.82 and 0.93 for 2003 and 2016, respectively. By comparing two vegetation indexes (RVI and NDVI) and surface temperature during the 13 years (2003 to 2016), it was determined that with urban development, the surface temperature has increased to 2.210C (from 40.69 to 42.90 0C). The results showed that the correlation of NDVI index with the surface temperature map was negative but with positive RVI index. Moreover, these two vegetation indexes, RVI and NDVI, show a more significant relationship with LST in green areas than urban and bare lands. Due to, a significant effect of green areas on regulating LST we recommend that green areas should be expanded in accordance with the urban area expansion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Downscaling TRMM satellite-based precipitation data using non-stationary relationships between precipitation and land surface characteristics
Bahareh Zanjani Hesam Seyed Kaboli Mohsen RashidianSatellite-based precipitation dataset has been widely used to estimate precipitation, especially over regions with sparse rain gauge networks. However, the low spatial resolution of these datasets has limited their application in localized regions and watersheds. So, ha MoreSatellite-based precipitation dataset has been widely used to estimate precipitation, especially over regions with sparse rain gauge networks. However, the low spatial resolution of these datasets has limited their application in localized regions and watersheds. So, having an accurate estimation of precipitation by satellites along with the adequate spatial scale in hydrologic studies is the main goal of this study. In this research, Geographically weighted regression (GWR) method was investigated to downscale the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM-3B42 Version 7) over the DEZ river basin in the southwest of IRAN for 2010-2011. Downscaling was performed based on the non-stationary relationships between the TRMM precipitation and the Digital elevation model (DEM) derived products, the Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and the Land surface temperature (LST). The result shows that the downscale precipitation at 1 km spatial scale had significantly improved spatial resolution, and agreed well with data from the rain gauge stations. For the 16-day precipitation, Mean square root means square error (RMSE) and absolute mean error (MAE) values are 22.7 mm and 7.45 mm, respectively. However, the accuracy of the model varies in a different location and depends on the vegetation condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Estimation of Ardabil land surface temperature using Landsat images and accuracy assessment of land surface temperature estimation methods with ground truth data
Hossein Fekrat Sayyad Asghari Saraskanrood Seyed Kazem AlavipanahBackground and ObjectiveOver the past two decades, the intense need for land surface temperature information for environmental studies and management and planning activities has made estimating the land surface temperature one of the most important scientific topics. On MoreBackground and ObjectiveOver the past two decades, the intense need for land surface temperature information for environmental studies and management and planning activities has made estimating the land surface temperature one of the most important scientific topics. On the other hand, different methods have been proposed to estimate the land surface temperature, each of which has resulted in different results for different regions. In this study, the algorithms that have had acceptable results in different studies have been selected and evaluated. In the field of thermal studies, what is considered as a major defect in monitoring the land surface temperature is the lack of sufficient meteorological stations to know the temperature values in places without stations and information limitations in preparing temperature data, especially for large areas. The study area is also facing this shortage, and this limitation further highlights the importance of the topic selected for this study to estimate the surface temperature using remote sensing technology. Verification and validation of results obtained from estimating the land surface temperature are other basic and discussed topics in thermal studies. The purpose of this study is an estimation of temperature in Ardabil city and evaluate the accuracy of the four single-channel algorithms, the improved mono-window, the Planck's inversion function method and the radiative transfer equation (RTE) method, to compare the accuracy of the two Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellites in estimating the land surface temperature. Materials and Methods Three types of data have been used in this study; Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images, data of two meteorological stations and ground data harvested with a digital thermometer. The images used are from the two satellites Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 with a time interval of 19 years. The meteorological data used were obtained from two synoptic stations in the study area. In addition to land surface temperature, relative humidity, minimum temperature and maximum temperature data of 24 hours were also obtained on two dates. Also, two points of the study area were selected and land surface temperature in the position of these two stations simultaneously with the satellite Recorded from two digital thermometers. MODTRAN web version calculator software version 6 has been used to model the radiation and the amount of atmospheric transmission. Emissivity with two methods of LSE methods based on NDVI and LSE NDVI Thresholds Method and land surface temperature with four algorithms: single-channel algorithms, An Improved mono-window, inversion of Planck’s function and radiative transfer equation using band 6 Landsat 5 and band 10 Landsat 8 bands. It was coded in MATLAB software for 2000 and 2019. Finally, the accuracy of the algorithms was evaluated using synoptic station surface temperature data and field sampling. Results and Discussion The collected data and results are analyzed and while presenting the output maps, the accuracy of the methods with terrestrial and meteorological data as well as the accuracy of Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellites in estimating the land surface temperature has been compared and evaluated. The results showed that for the three single-channel algorithms, the inversion of Planck’s function and RTE, the first method of emission and for the An Improved Mono-Window algorithm, the second method of emission had a higher accuracy. Land surface temperature data obtained from meteorological stations in 2000 differ by 12 minutes in terms of time and by 2019 differ by 4 minutes in terms of satellite transit time. The first meteorological station is located somewhat within the city limits and according to the results, it seems that the most important factor is the greater difference between the data of the first station and the estimated LST compared to the second station is the same factor because the heterogeneity of pixels and large changes in levels in urban areas interfere with a pixel value. And subsequently increases the likelihood of errors in estimating surface temperature within the urban anthropogenic range. For the ground station, two points with a homogeneous environment and outside the urban area with agricultural use (alfalfa) and barren use of the harvested product were selected and their surface temperature was measured at the same time as the satellite. The output results of land surface temperature estimation were compared and evaluated with two synoptic stations and two ground stations. In both histories, the single-channel algorithm showed the least difference with the temperature recording stations. Conclusion In this research, using Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellite images, four algorithms for estimating the land surface temperature of the earth, including single-channel algorithms, An Improved mono-window, inversion of Planck’s function and radiative transfer equation and land surface temperature maps of Ardabil city for two 2000 and 2019 were coded and extracted in MATLAB software environment. The band 6 Landsat 5 satellite was used for 2000 and the band 10 Landsat 8 satellite was used for 2019 due to less noise than the 11th band and the proximity of 9.66 (which is the highest radiation in this range). Comparison of land surface temperature maps obtained by the algorithms with synoptic and ground stations showed that in both 2000 and 2019, the single-channel algorithm was more accurate than the other methods. Comparison of the results of the single-channel method with the stations shows a difference of +2.5 and 2- with stations 1 and 2 for the year 2000 and a temperature difference of +3.3, +0.9, 1- and -0.9. Shows stations 1, 2, 3 and 4 for 2019, respectively. It seems that the direct use of atmospheric transmittance coefficients in the single-channel method process has been effective in the high accuracy of this method. In terms of accuracy, after the single-channel algorithm, the An Improved Mono-Window method, the RTE algorithm, and finally the Planck function inverse correlation algorithm were placed, respectively. The results of comparing the output of all four algorithms with the data of stations 1, 2, 3 and 4, show that the ground stations harvested with a digital thermometer are more accurate than the data of meteorological stations. One of the reasons for this is the location of meteorological stations (especially, Station_1) in the urban area due to the heterogeneity of the urban environment and the possibility of pixel interference and temperature interference of land uses, while ground stations from the out-of-town area. And was selected from an environment with homogeneous pixels (barren and agricultural). Also, the results of all four algorithms extracted from the Landsat 8 image show more accuracy compared to the results of the four algorithms obtained from the Landsat 5 image, and due to the improved spatial resolution of the TIRS sensor compared to the TM, the TIRS sensor output is more accurate, It was predictable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Quantifying the effect of surface parameters and climatic conditions on land surface temperature using reflective and thermal remote sensing data
Naeim Mijani Saeid Hamzeh Mohammad Karimi FirozjaeiThe land surface temperature (LST) plays a vital role in a wide range of scientific researches including climatology, hydrology, natural resources and etc. There are some determining factors which affect the land surface temperature, such as the kind of surface elements MoreThe land surface temperature (LST) plays a vital role in a wide range of scientific researches including climatology, hydrology, natural resources and etc. There are some determining factors which affect the land surface temperature, such as the kind of surface elements, topography and environmental conditions and also the amount of incoming radiation to the surface. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of topographic parameters, climatic conditions and downward radiation on land surface temperature using remote sensing data. For this purpose, the Landsat 8 satellite image, ASTER digital elevation model, MODIS water vapor product (MOD07) on 24 July 2018, topography and climate map of Kerman province were used. To calculate the LST and downward shortwave and longwave radiation to surface the single channel and SEBAL energy balance algorithms were used, respectively. Finally, using statistical analysis the relationship between LST and independent variables, including elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation cover index and downward radiation to the surface were studied. The results of the study shown that the correlation coefficient between the LST and each of the independent parameters is more than 0.7. Also, the relationship between LST and topographic, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and downward radiation parameters at the 95% level was significant. The results of the mean of LST values in climatic conditions, including extra-dry, dry, semi-dry, Mediterranean, semi-wet and wet indicate that climates classes with higher LST relative to climates classes with lower LST have means of elevation, NDVI lower and mean longwave downward radiation to surface higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Impact of vegetation indices and urban surface characteristics on land surface temperature changes (Case study: Sanandaj city)
Shadman Darvishi Karim Solaimani Mostafa RashidpourLand surface temperature (LST) is an important factor in global warming studies. Therefore, considering its negative effects on human life, it is very important to study this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vegetation indices and surf MoreLand surface temperature (LST) is an important factor in global warming studies. Therefore, considering its negative effects on human life, it is very important to study this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vegetation indices and surface characteristics of Sanandaj city on land surface temperature changes. For this purpose, the land surface temperature was calculated in ArcGIS and vegetation indices and the surface Sanandaj city were derived from Landsat images in ENVI software. The results of regression analysis and correlation of LST with synoptic station data were 0.45 and 0.20 respectively, which shows a positive relationship. The results of the overall accuracy and the indices shows that the correlation analysis the precise indices (enhanced buildup and bareness index, index-based built up the index, normalized difference built up the index, urban index), positive relationship and low precision indices (normalized difference bareness index, new built up the index, normalized difference water index, modified normalized difference water index) have the opposite correlation with land surface temperature. The results of the temperature situation in the vegetation classes indicate that the high temperature was observed in the low vegetation classes in the early summer of 1988, 1999, 2008, 2012, 2014 and 2015, and the lowest temperature in dense vegetation classes at the end of spring, 1989, 1993, 2000, 2007, 2010 and 2016. Therefore, the reduction of vegetation and growth of built-up areas has an important role in increasing the land surface temperature, and spectral indices to extract buildup areas from satellite images can provide acceptable results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Evaluation of indicators of remote sensing measurement in quantitative and qualitative studies of surface water with Landsat-8 satellite images (Case study: South of Khuzestan province)
Seyed Reza Mir Alizadehfard Shahrooz MansouriWater as one of the most basic needs of our present life and the extent of our use in drinking, agriculture, industry, economic, social, and political-security politics make us to identify with minimal cost savings and time characteristics of the watersheds, rivers and MoreWater as one of the most basic needs of our present life and the extent of our use in drinking, agriculture, industry, economic, social, and political-security politics make us to identify with minimal cost savings and time characteristics of the watersheds, rivers and water levels by various methods, including the use of satellite imagery. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the methods of detecting zones, water levels and rivers with indicators; Normalized difference vegetation index, Enhanced vegetation index, Soli adjusted vegetation index, Normalized difference water index, Modified normalized difference water index, Automated water extraction index, Automated water extraction index and Unsupervised IsoClusterc and supervised Maximum likelihood classification methods to identification waters basin and the Optimum factor index for identifying the quality of water in terms of salinity, as well as determination infiltrate tabs water entering the larger zones in the part of the basins of the Karun river, Jarahi-Zohreh in the southern province of Khuzestan, with Landsat-8 satellite Land Earth Observations sensor. The results of the study showed that the automatic indicators of the extraction of water in shadow and urban areas are more effective than other indicators because of the consideration of short-range infrared wavelengths in water identification. With the results of the Supervised classification method, they were Maximum likelihood to the Kappa coefficient of the same 94% and the same performance. The results of the Optimum factor Index indicator for the detection of salinity water and the determination infiltrate tab water Show the most useful information and remove duplicate image banding data the Landsat-8 satellite Earth Observation Sensor was 79.10% for the color combination RGB of 651. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - An investigation of the relationship between land surface temperatures, geographical and environmental characteristics, and biophysical indices from Landsat images
Abbasali Vali Abolfazl Ranjbar Marzieh Mokarram Farideh TaripanahLand surface temperature (LST) is an important indicator of habitat quality assessment for a local and global scale. In the present study, the effects of multiple factors on land use, geological formations, topographical and climate factors on LST in Kharestan region we MoreLand surface temperature (LST) is an important indicator of habitat quality assessment for a local and global scale. In the present study, the effects of multiple factors on land use, geological formations, topographical and climate factors on LST in Kharestan region were investigated. To this end, images of July Landsat 7 and 8 satellites during the period 2000-2017, digital elevation model, geological map and topography were used. The surface temperature was extracted using a split-window method and also land use extracted from the supervised classification method which has been done in 2017. The correlation between surface temperature and elevation, aspect, slope, vegetation, soil moisture, and air temperature variables was investigated using statistical methods. The results indicated that the surface temperature average was 43 °C, Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was 0.144 and Normalized difference moisture index (NDMI) was 0.068. According to the classification of images with an overall accuracy of 99.96% and kappa coefficients of 0.96, pasture and horticultural land cover the highest and lowest area, respectively. The highest surface temperature, 53 °C was observed in bare soil and residential areas and the lowest 29 °C in horticultural land. Moreover, the highest and lowest surface temperatures were related to Pabdeh-Gurpi and Asmari formations, respectively. In sunny slopes, the highest correlation, R2>0.5 was observed between surface temperature, elevation, temperature, vegetation, and surface moisture. Furthermore, in shady slopes, the surface temperature had the highest correlation, R2>0.5 with elevation, temperature, and vegetation. Among the above factors, elevation and temperature had the most influence on surface temperature. In addition, the correlation between vegetation index and a normalized moisture index with inverse surface temperature was >0.9. Also, the correlation between surface temperature and the air temperature was positive. Therefore, land use, geology, topography, vegetation, soil moisture, and air temperature are important factors in ecosystem temperature equilibrium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - The effect of Meighan wetland environmental changes on land surface temperature of surrounding areas by using Landsat satellite data
Saeed Mahmoodi Behrouz Sari Saraf Majed Rezaei Banafsheh Hashem RostamzadeWetlands are one of the most important aquatic zones that affect the climate of the surrounding areas and are also one of the most fragile natural phenomena. Therefore, it is very important to detect changes in the environment around the wetlands. The purpose of this st MoreWetlands are one of the most important aquatic zones that affect the climate of the surrounding areas and are also one of the most fragile natural phenomena. Therefore, it is very important to detect changes in the environment around the wetlands. The purpose of this study, the land use change detection, the normalized vegetation index, land surface temperature patterns in the surrounding of the Meighan wetland, were analyzed using Landsat TM multi-time sensor data for 30 May 2002, and 5 June 2010. Supervised classification algorithms with maximum likelihood were used to extract land use changes. The results of classification accuracy, using the Kappa coefficient for 2002 and 2010 were 99.13% and 98.93% with 98 and 97 kappa coefficients, respectively. The results of land use changes showed that the barren lands increased by 100 km2 and, in contrast, vegetation areas were reduced by 84 km2. The average of the normalized vegetation index was not significantly changed and the maximum and minimum values in 2002 were 0 and -0.52, and in 2010, -0.05 and -0.58, respectively. The warmer temperature classes in the regional temperature pattern in 2010 were more extensive than in 2002. The minimum, average and maximum temperature in 10 km of surrounding of Meighan wetland in 2002 were 16.72, 27.35 and 36.4°C with a standard deviation of 3.2, and in 2010, 15.5, 29.8 and 37°C with a standard deviation of 3.5. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Study of the relationship between land use and vegetation changes with the land surface temperature in Namin County
Azad Kakehmami Ardavan Ghorbani Sayyad Asghari Sarasekanrood Ehsan Ghale Sahar GhafariBackground and ObjectiveRapid development of cities due to extensive changes in land use and land cover has had negative effects on global environmental quality. Land cover and land use changes, and the development of urban and agricultural regions and deforestati MoreBackground and ObjectiveRapid development of cities due to extensive changes in land use and land cover has had negative effects on global environmental quality. Land cover and land use changes, and the development of urban and agricultural regions and deforestation are changing the regional and local temperature regime. Knowing the land surface temperature degrees contribute significantly to a wide range of issues relating to the Earth science such as urban climate, global environmental changes, and the study of the interaction of human and the environment. The lack of sufficient meteorological stations to be aware of temperature values in regions lacking a station is considered as a major flaw in monitoring the land surface temperature. Due to the information limitations, collecting data especially to a large extent, is associated with many problems and obstacles, and the real-time access is difficult or impossible. Therefore, the need to use remote sensing technology with time conditions along with the feature of continuity and data collection in wide ranges can be very effective. The purpose of this study is to investigate the land surface temperature of Namin county in a period of 28 years and to compare the obtained results with land use and vegetation changes. Materials and MethodsThe data used in this study included Landsat 8 satellite image of the OLI sensor in order to extract land use map and TIRS sensor image to extract land surface temperature for the year 2015. Moreover, Landsat 5 satellite image of the TM sensor were used to extract land use map by using visible and infrared bands, and also to extract land surface temperature by using thermal bands for the year 1987. Images were taken in late spring and early summer due to the lack of high cloudy and snowy covers , as well as the high intensity of sunlight. The eCognition8.9 software was used for object-based classification. Classification in five classes (dry and irrigated farming, rangeland, forest and residential) and six classes (dry and irrigated farming, rangeland, forest, residential and water bodies) were selected for the years 1987 and 2015 respectively. To assess the accuracy and comparison of the obtained maps, the error matrix, overall accuracy, and kappa statistics were used. Split-Window method was used to extract the land surface temperature of the study area. Finally, in order to analyze the relationship between land surface temperature with vegetation index, the correlation coefficients between land surface temperature and vegetation index were calculated based on land use types in the years 1987 and 2015. Results and Discussion The highest land use area in the years 1987 and 2015 belongs to the rangeland use with 43781 and 34114 hectares respectively and the second land use area belongs to dry farming use with 23854 and 33277 hectares respectively. Moreover due to the lack of water use , the lowest land use area in 1987 belongs to residential use with 1301 hectares, while in 2015 with the construction of water structures, water use with an area of 86 hectares has the lowest land use area. The highest land use area increase was in the dry farming with 9423 hectares, which is a significant increase compared to 1987. The highest recorded temperature for Namin county in 1987 and 2015 was related to dry farming use (34°C and 27°C, respectively), indicating the concentration of heat in these regions. This type of land use has the highest temperature due to the factors such as the dryness of the products at this time and the harvest of the products. In 1987, dry farming use had the highest temperature (34°C), but in 2015 it experienced a decrease in temperature (27°C), despite the fact that it had the highest land surface temperature compared to other types of land uses in 2015. The reason can be attributed to the factor of harvesting crops. Due to the fact that the rainfed crops in the study area are mostly wheat, and at this time of the season, most of the wheat is ripe or harvested, so the transpiration of these products is insignificant. The lowest recorded temperatures in Namin county are related to the uses of water bodies (21°C), forest (21°C) and irrigated farming (22°C), respectively. Since water has a high heat capacity, it has the greatest effect on reducing the temperature. In forest and irrigated farming land uses, due to the higher vegetation density, the land surface temperature has the lowest value (23°C and 24°C in 1987 and 21°C and 22°C in 2015 respectively) compared to the other land use types. Agricultural land use in this area has the lowest land surface temperature (24°C in 1987 and 21°C in 2015) after forest areas. Due to the fact that the crops cultivated in this area are plants such as potatoes and these plants have more water needs, therefore these plants have a high greenness value at June to early July, which has led to more transpiration in the area where they are cultivated than other areas, thus it has been very effective in keeping the land surface temperature cool. The rangeland use has had high land surface temperatures (27°C and 25°C, respectively) in the two study years, and there is little difference between the two years. According to the study season which was late June to early July, the high temperature of this land use type is due to the increase in the areas lacking canopy cover or areas having low or scattered vegetation. Due to the fact that in August, most of the leaves and brunches of the existing plants are dry and the transpiration is low, high temperatures are also recorded. The relationship between land surface temperature and vegetation index in rangeland use in the two study years had the highest correlation (0.91 in 1987 and 0.83 in 2015), while the correlation coefficient of the forest use was the lowest (0.46 in 1987 and 0.23 in 2015). Conclusion Land use type and land use and vegetation changes have a significant effect on land surface temperature changes. However, areas without vegetation have a higher land surface temperature than the areas with vegetation. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between vegetation cover and land surface temperature, which is mainly due to sufficient vegetation. In general, the results showed that in most areas with lower temperatures, there is high density vegetation indicating an inverse relationship between vegetation index and land surface temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Evaluating the types of split window algorithms for calculating the land surface temperature to determine the best algorithm for MODIS sensor images
Mohammad Kazemi Garajeh Behnam Salmani Bakhtiar FeizizadehBackground and ObjectiveIn recent years, the study of climate changes as well as their effects, has become a constant topic in the scientific fields of many countries. One of the main features of these changes is the increase in air temperature over the last 5 decades c MoreBackground and ObjectiveIn recent years, the study of climate changes as well as their effects, has become a constant topic in the scientific fields of many countries. One of the main features of these changes is the increase in air temperature over the last 5 decades compared to the last 500 years. Statistics show an increase of one degree centigrade in air temperature over the last 5 decades. The land surface temperature means the radiant temperature of the earth's crust and the amount of pure energy that is balanced on the earth's surface under climatic conditions and depends on the reached the amount of energy, surface emissivity, humidity and atmospheric airflow. Land surface temperature is considered as one of the key variables in climate and environmental studies of the Earth’s surface. It is also one of the basic parameters in the physical features of the earth's surface at all scales from local to global. Currently, the most important sources of climatic data are meteorological stations, and these stations provide climatic statistics for certain points, while the temperature may alter at different intervals stations and decrease or increase compared to the desired station. Therefore, it is necessary to have a technology that can eliminate the shortcomings of meteorological stations in calculating the temperature at sampling intervals and in impassable places where it is not possible to build a meteorological station. In recent years, new sciences such as remote sensing have provided new ways to monitor the environment and acquire, evaluate, and analyze environmental data, and can provide a wide range of parameters relating to the environment. This technology is considered as an important and increasing source of information for studying climate change that has a direct impact on global warming. Over the past two decades, 18 algorithms have been developed to calculate the land surface temperature. These algorithms fall into four categories: emissivity-dependent models, two-factor models, complex models, and radio-based models. The results of the comparisons between different algorithms shows that different algorithms perform differently in different situations with different geographical climates. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the types of LST calculation algorithms for MODIS sensor images and determine the best algorithm for East Azarbaijan province. Materials and Methods Convert digital numbers (DN) to spectral radiation. The following equation was used to convert the numerical values to spectral radiation for thermal bands of MODIS sensor images. Planck's equation was used to convert spectural radation to spectral reflection when the radiant power of thermak data of MODIS sensor is considered to be a maximum of one. In order to estimate the surface emissivity, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) thresholding method is used. The radiant power is divided into three categories to determine the soil characteristics in each pixel and to calculate the emissivity rate and emissivity difference; 0.2>NDVI, it is considered as dry soil and its radiant power is considered to be equal to 0.978. 0.5 NDVI, it is related to pixels with higher vegetation density and its radiant power is considered 0.985. 0.5>NDVI<0.2, it is based on a combination of pixels relating to vegetation and soil and the radiant power for them can be calculated. The vegetation ratio, that its value can be calculated. The value of each scientific finding depends on its accuracy. To compare the obtained results from the algorithms used to calculate the land surface temperature with the recorded temperature in meteorological station. Results and DiscussionThe results of the present study show that among the 18 algorithms for the land surface temperature estimation for MODIS sensor images, the Sobrino algorithm with RMSE value of 1.79 has the highest accuracy, Cole Casillas and Prata algorithm with RMSE value of 2.85 is in the second position, and also the Salisbury and Sobrino algorithms with RMSE values of 2.39 have the third place for LST calculation among the other algorithms. The Qin algorithm with a RMSE value of 5.28 has the lowest accuracy for LST estimation. Conclusion A review of the data obtained from comparing split-window algorithms shows the overall compliance of the calculated temperatures with the topographic conditions of the region, so that almost the lowest temperature values in all algorithms are related to the parts having more height (mountainous) and green cover of the region and also, temperature values have risen in low-lying areas lacking dense vegetation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Assessing the relationship between land surface temperature with vegetation and water area change in Arsanjan county, Iran
Ali Ebrahimi Baharak Motamedvaziri Seyed Mohammad Jafar Nazemosadat Hassan AhmadiBackground and ObjectiveLand cover and soil moisture changes have a significant impact on land surface temperature (LST). Therefore, LST can be used to study land cover and desertification changes. Arsanjan County, which is located in the northeast of Fars province, has MoreBackground and ObjectiveLand cover and soil moisture changes have a significant impact on land surface temperature (LST). Therefore, LST can be used to study land cover and desertification changes. Arsanjan County, which is located in the northeast of Fars province, has a relatively good forest and rangeland. Unfortunately, excessive harvesting of the groundwater resources and also reduced precipitation in this area caused to decrease water levels and dried up many wells in this area during recent years. So the area of the farmland and Bakhtegan Lake has decreased in this region during the last decades. However, so far, the condition of the LST and its relationship with land cover changes has not been assessed in Arsanjan County. In this study, spatial-temporal changes of LST and its relationship with vegetation and the water area of Bakhtegan Lake have been studied. Materials and Methods The eleven images related to Level-1 data of Landsat satellite was taken from 2003 to 2018. Since the vegetation situation in the study area is in the best vegetation and water area condition in April and May, so the images related to these months were selected to check the fluctuation of vegetation cover and water level of Bakhtegan Lake. The data pre-processing was performed in three sections: geometric, radiometric and atmospheric correction by ENVI software. The FLAASH algorithm, which is one of the best methods of atmospheric correction, was applied for atmospheric correction. In this study, NDVI was used to estimate the amount of vegetation. The Planck algorithm method was applied to calculate the LST. The change detection process was done using the index differencing method. To classify the LST map and the temporal-spatial changes, the LST difference map was normalized. Then, the normalized image was categorized using the standard deviation parameter in five temperature classes. Results and Discussion In the present study, 11 Landsat images were examined to investigate the spatial-temporal changes in land coverage and LST and the relationship between these two parameters from 2003 to 2018. The NDVI mean value was 0.25 in 2003, which decreased to 0.18 in 2018. On the other hand, the LST mean value had an upward trend as it increased from 29℃ in 2003 to 41.7℃ in 2018. The NDVI mean value was 0.66 in the farmland in 2003, however, its value reached to 0.33 in 2018. In contrast, LST mean value increased in the farmland from 20.9℃ in 2003 to 39.5.5℃ in 2018. Also, the LST mean value in the lake area increased from 20.1℃ in 2003 to 36.5 in 2018. Based on the results, the NDVI mean value in the rangeland and farmland decreased by 0.07 and 0.33, respectively, in 2018. However, due to the positive relationship between NDVI and LST in water-covered areas, the NDVI mean value increased by 0.39 in Bakhtegan Lake area in 2018. In contrast, the LST mean value in the rangeland, farmland and Bakhtegan Lake increased by 12.7℃, 18.6℃ and 16.4℃, respectively, in 2018 compared to 2003. The results indicated a negative relationship between NDVI and LST (R2= 0.862). The LST value decreases by increasing NDVI value in the vegetated area. In contrast, there was a positive correlation between NDVI and LST in salt-marshes and barren areas. According to the results, the highest negative correlation was obtained for the farmland, which was -0.94. The reason for this high correlation can be related to the high density of vegetation cover in agricultural areas. The low negative correlation between NDVI and LST in the rangeland indicates the low vegetation density in rangeland and forest area. In order to study the area of decrease or increase of LST in the farmland, rangeland and water classes, the LST difference map was classified to five categories including very low temperature, low temperature, medium temperature, high temperature and very high temperature. According to the result of LST classification, the highest area was related to the moderate temperature class in all land covers, so that the highest area of this temperature class was associated with the rangeland by 86733 hectares. Since the vegetation density, especially in the farmland, had a significant decrease in 2018 compared to 2003, the area of high and very high-temperature classes increased in 2018, so that their area reached to 4625 ha and 7192 ha, respectively, in the farmland. Also, since the water area of the lake decreased in 2018 compared to 2003, the area of high and very high-temperature classes in these classes reached to 1824 ha and 3919 ha, respectively. Conclusion According to the results, the NDVI mean value in 2018 decreased in the farmland and rangeland and increased in the Bakhtegan Lake area. In contrast, the LST increased in the mentioned areas. The results of the LST classification showed that the highest amount of LST change is related to the moderate temperature class. Since the vegetation density, especially in the agricultural area, had a significant decrease in 2018 compared to 2003, the results showed that the area of high and very high temperatures had a higher increase than low and very low temperatures. Also, since the lake's water level decreased in 2018 compared to 2003, the area of high and very high temperatures in these classes increased. The findings show that there is a negative correlation between vegetation and land surface temperatures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Extraction of soil moisture index (TVDI) using a scatter diagram temperature/vegetation and MODIS images
Salah Shahmoradi Hamid Reza Ghafarian Malamiri Mohammad AminiBackground and Objective Soil moisture is an important parameter in controlling many processes of the climate system, one of the basic parameters of the environment and its direct impact on the plant, animal and microorganisms, its importance in the global cycle of MoreBackground and Objective Soil moisture is an important parameter in controlling many processes of the climate system, one of the basic parameters of the environment and its direct impact on the plant, animal and microorganisms, its importance in the global cycle of water, energy and carbon, the energy exchange between air and soil is known for its natural water cycle (especially in the distribution of rain between surface runoff and infiltration) and the management of water and soil resources. Soil moisture plays an important role in the interactive processes between the atmosphere and the earth and global climate change. Triangular and trapezoidal methods combining thermal and visible data are the most commonly used methods for determining the amount of soil surface moisture. The aim of this study is to estimate the surface moisture of the soil (TVDI), by the triangular method in the south of West Azerbaijan province using land temperature index (LST) and vegetation index (NDVI), during 2010, 2014 and 2018. Materials and Methods The present study using MODIS timing series images, NDVI index and LST index, to estimate the surface moisture index (Temperature–Vegetation Dryness Index, TVDI), in three time periods including; the first time period from 1 January 2010 to 30 December 2010 and the second period is from 1 January 2014 to 30 December 2014 and the third period is from 1 January 2018 to 30 December 2018. During each period, 12 images were used on the 15th day of each month. Also, surface moisture was estimated by two methods, one was to establish a high regression relationship and remove the minimum temperature, and the second method was to establish a high and low regression relationship of the pixels. To evaluate the accuracy of these two methods, a regression correlation between the results of these methods with the soil surface moisture content of the Agricultural Jihad (30 points) at a depth of 5 to 15 cm was used. The reason for choosing these three years is due to the difference in high rainfall in some months of the studied years. This study was conducted in the south of the province of West Azerbaijan, which is part of the western region of Iran. Results and Discussion The evaporative triangle diagram consisting of the vegetation index and the surface temperature of the earth in 2010 from January to December month has seen many temperature changes. These same changes in the Earth's surface temperature have caused that the graphs have many changes. During the 2010 year, according to the chart, the maximum temperature was August and the minimum was January, and the maximum vegetation was May and the minimum was December. In 2014, the maximum temperature in August and the minimum in January and the maximum vegetation in May and the minimum in January and also this year were relatively warmer and drier than in 2010. The evaporative triangle chart in 2018 is rainier than the other two years studied, and the amount of vegetation and according to the graphs in this year, the maximum temperature in July and the minimum is January and the maximum vegetation is May and the minimum in January. The surface moisture level of the soil in 2010 for the western region of Iran, which is the maximum moisture level in May and the minimum in August. In most of the 2010 moisture index maps, the maximum humidity in the west and the lowest in the South of this region. The results of the moisture index maps in 2014 this year have been relatively drier than in other years studied. In 2014 has little rainfall and vegetation. Humidity changes this year are lower than in 2010. The maximum and minimum humidity in 2014 was between 0 and 0.6. The maximum humidity is June and the minimum is August. The TVDI moisture index maps for 2018 have had more moisture indicators this year than in the other two years. In 2018, heavy rains caused the vegetation to increase and the ground temperature to decrease, and this has led to an increase in the moisture index compared to 2010 and 2014. In 2018, the vegetation reached 0.89. But in other years it has been studied up to 0.7. This year, the high humidity is in May and the lowest in August. The maximum humidity during this year is in the west and the lower is in the south. The results of the TVDI index for 2010, 2014 and 2018, using the second method, the general results of this method are similar to the first method. Based on the results obtained from the accuracy of both methods, we conclude that the accuracy of the first method is better and generally simpler than the second method. In 2018, in May, according to the first method, the amount of R2 = 0.67, and also according to the second method, the amount of R2 = 0.41. Conclusion Estimation of surface soil moisture is essential for optimal management of water and soil resources. Surface soil moisture is an important variable in the water cycle of nature, which plays an important role in the global balance of water and energy through its impact on hydrological, ecological and meteorological processes. Examination of the two methods used indicates that the first method, which was also used in this research in general, has higher accuracy than the terrestrial fields due to the results of image accuracy. In 2010, the months of May and August, according to the first method are R2 = 0.61 and 0.57. In 2010, the amount of R2 according to terrestrial data and the use of the second method in May and August are R2 = 0.43 and 0.47. Also, in 2018, the value of R2 using the first method in May is 0.66. In 2018, the value of R2 using the second method in May is 0.41. The results of the soil surface moisture index, in this study, showed that this model is able to estimate the amount of soil moisture in large geographical areas with acceptable accuracy. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26767082.1400.12.1.3.4 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Monitoring land use changes and its relationship with land surface temperature and vegetation index in the southern areas of Ardabil province (Case study: Kiwi Chay catchment)
Shirin Mahdavian Batool Zeinali Bromand SalahiBackground and Objective Irregular and unplanned urban expansion is known as urban sprawl and is characterized by low-density, transport-driven development, spreading out over large swathes of land towards the fringes of established urban centers. It is generally held t MoreBackground and Objective Irregular and unplanned urban expansion is known as urban sprawl and is characterized by low-density, transport-driven development, spreading out over large swathes of land towards the fringes of established urban centers. It is generally held that morphological modification of the urban landscape results in rising urban temperatures and the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. The biophysical properties of the urban space are determinants of the local urban climate. When there is significant alteration such as the replacement of vegetation and evaporating surfaces with impervious surfaces, the surface energy budget experiences fluxes which leads to warming at the local scale. Most scientists believe that the Earth's temperature has been rising since the 19th century. Meanwhile, a phenomenon called heat island in metropolitan areas (UHI) has caused a faster rise in temperature in these micro-climates, and in the coming years, the rapid urbanization trend will also increase the slope of temperature rise in cities. According to statistics provided by the United Nations, by 2025, more than 80% of the world's population will live in cities, and this will worsen the situation as cities become warmer. Surface temperature (LST) is one of the most important environmental parameters that is affected by land use change. The purpose of this study is to analyze the land use change in the two periods of 1987 and 2019, to estimate and study the changes in LST and NDVI in the same period, and to analyze the impact of land use change in LST and NDVI and the relationship between all three parameters.Materials and Methods In this study, Landsat 8 satellite images were used from the OLI sensor to extract the land use map and vegetation index, and the TIRS sensor was used to extract ground surface temperature for 2019 also Landsat 5 OLI sensor image was used to prepare land use map and vegetation index. Using visible, near-infrared, and infrared bands, the TM sensor was used to extract the surface temperature using thermal bands for 1987. Ecognition software was used to classify the object. Error matrices and related statistics (overall accuracy, kappa coefficient, user and Producer accuracy of each class) were used to evaluate the classification accuracy. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between LST and NDVI, and the Contribution index was used to evaluate the impact of land use on surface temperature.Results and Discussion Investigating land use changes and their relationship with land surface temperature and vegetation index requires determining the type of land use and accurate estimation of land surface temperature and vegetation index. Preparing a satisfied land use map using Landsat satellite images and applying the object classification method Oriented has a relatively high accuracy. The accuracy of land use map classification in 1987, 82.5, and in 2019, 96.1 shows the high accuracy of the land use classification method and land use map. The study of land use changes in 1987 and 2019 in the Givi Chay catchment showed that rangeland use with an area of 1224.18 and 10469.59 square kilometers is the dominant land use, while in 1987, residential use with an area of 66.63 square kilometers and in 2019, water use with an area of 3.77 square kilometers had the lowest area. Also, the most modified use of rangeland use was dryland agriculture (181 square kilometers), which indicates the destruction of rangelands. The results of surface temperature during the 33-year period were evaluated which showed that the average surface temperature in 1987 from 28.39 °C to 38.86 °C and in 2019 from 34.35 °C to 46.62. The temperature has increased so that the average temperature of the whole study area in 33 years has increased by about 7.11 degrees Celsius. This indicates the urban development in the study area. The highest temperature recorded in both periods belongs to dryland agricultural use (38.86 and 46.62 ° C, respectively), which indicates the concentration of heat in these areas. Dryness and harvest at this time can be the main cause of high temperatures of this use. Garden, forest, and water uses showed lower surface temperatures in both periods than other uses. Vegetation areas due to evapotranspiration have a temperature-moderating role and have areas with a minimum temperature in both periods. Water use also has a great effect on reducing the temperature due to its high heat capacity. The use of residential areas compared to rainfed and pasture agricultural uses showed a lower temperature, which can be due to the existence of parks, and gardens that cause evaporation and cooling of the city, as well as factors such as roofing, felt in The reflection of radiant energy has a great share. Rangeland use had high temperatures (36.57 and 44.81 °C, respectively) in both years under study. The reason for the high temperature of this land, according to the study season, which is late June and early July, is an increase in areas free of vegetation or vegetation that is small and scattered. There was also a large negative correlation between LST and NDVI in the two study periods. Rainfed and rangeland agriculture with higher LST have lower NDVI, while vegetation and water have higher NDVI. Aquatic agricultural use, which was mostly observed in the areas around the Givi Chai River, showed lower temperatures due to the presence of moisture and evapotranspiration due to vegetation density. In the study area, suburban areas (gardens) and irrigated arable lands along the Givi Chai River and forests have the highest amount of vegetation index (NDVI) due to their relatively high green biomass, while irrigated areas, rainfed lands, Residential areas, and pastures have the lowest vegetation index. The results of vegetation index analysis for each land use class showed that forests, rainfed agriculture, and rangelands with the highest LST values and the lowest NDVI values while the lowest LST values and higher NDVI values were observed in forest and garden classes. Replacement of vegetation and forests with residential areas causes the conversion of wet soils to impenetrable surfaces, which leads to reduced surface evaporation. Absorbed solar radiation is converted to heat and reflected with higher values of LST. Increased vegetation has reduced the earth's surface temperature, and this is due to the fact that more vegetation leads to more evapotranspiration and transfer of part of the temperature and cooling of the earth's surface. Finally, the calculation of the participation index for each land use class in 1987 and 2019 showed that dryland agricultural use in 1987 and rangeland use in 2019 had the largest share in increasing surface temperature in the study area. According to the time of the selected images, the main reason for this participation can also be attributed to the time of harvest of dryland agricultural products and drying of pastures.Conclusion The results confirm the increase in surface temperature between different land use classes. Rangeland and dry agricultural uses showed higher LST values compared to forests and irrigated agriculture and water areas. High-temperature areas also had low NDVI values. Conversely, low-temperature areas such as vegetation and water had higher NDVI values. In addition, a high negative correlation was observed between LST and NDVI in both study periods. It has also been shown that rangeland and irrigated agriculture have a positive effect on LST, while forests and water have a cooling or moderating effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Comparing the estimation of soil surface moisture in agricultural lands using SAR data: ALOS PALSAR-2 and Sentinel-1A data
Sadollah Sangini Hadi Fadaei Amir Sadoddin Vahedberdi Sheikh Chooghi Bairam KomakiBackground and Objective Aq Qala plain is one of the fertile plains of Golestan province. Runoff accumulation and flood formation cause a lot of human and financial losses. Understanding the temporal and spatial distributions of soil surface moisture is a key variable i MoreBackground and Objective Aq Qala plain is one of the fertile plains of Golestan province. Runoff accumulation and flood formation cause a lot of human and financial losses. Understanding the temporal and spatial distributions of soil surface moisture is a key variable in simulating runoff and reducing flood hazards in the research area. In this study, the soil moisture content was investigated using data from ALOS PALSAR-2 radar satellites in the L band and Sentinel 1 in the C band.Materials and Methods In this research, three series of ALOS PALSAR-2 radar data, Sentinel 1, and optical data of Sentinel 2A were used. To calculate the soil surface moisture, first soil samples were taken and weighed at a depth of 5 cm in each cluster by weight method. After drying the samples in the oven, the dry and wet weight was calculated. Then two important parameters of soil moisture, including dielectric constant and soil surface roughness were measured. The dielectric constant was calculated using TDR and the roughness was calculated using two digital cameras. Using Agisoft photo scan and Arc GIS software, a digital elevation model and surface roughness profiles were extracted. Radar data were processed with SNAP software from the European Space Agency (ESA). The processing steps included radiometric calibration, sigma note extraction in decibels, filtration of Lee filter and 5x5 kernel size, geometric correction and finally geocoding of all three data. With Sentinel-2 optical data, while preparing vegetation and moisture indices, a land-use map was prepared with the Forrest random algorithm. Then, with the values of roughness, dielectric constant and plant and moisture indices in MATLAB 2019 software environment, two models Oh, and WCM were coded and the soil moisture values were calculated and taken out. Then the moisture obtained from the surface redistribution model with gravity, moisture at the site, and previous studies was evaluated.Results and Discussion In terms of radar signal sensitivity to soil surface moisture in Oh model in HH and HV polarization ALOS PALSAR- 2, in with R2 = 0.86, with R2 = 0.905 and for Sentinel-1 images, in with R2 = 0.91 and with R2 = 0.93 are sensitive to soil surface moisture. The surface backscattering coefficients sensitivity of the Oh model in ALOS PALSAR-2 in HH polarization and in HV polarization and for Sentinel-1 data in VV polarization and in VH polarization is sensitive to surface roughness. Also, the surface backscattering coefficients sensitivity of the Oh model in ALOS PALSAR-2 in HH polarization with R2 = 0.96 and in HV polarization with R2 = 0.94 and for Sentinel-1 data in VV polarization with R2 = 0.72 and in VH polarization with R2 = 0.74 is sensitive to surface roughness. Relationship between total surface backscattering coefficients obtained from the Water cloud model and soil surface moisture measured in HH and HV polarization PALSAR-2 images, in and with R2 = 0.73 and R2 = 0.399, respectively, and for Sentinel-1 data in polarization VV and VH, in and with R2 = 0.073 and R2 = 0.13, respectively, are sensitive to soil surface moisture. In the soil moisture estimation section based on Oh model for PALSAR-2 and Sentinel-1 data on bare lands in HH and HV polarization for PALSAR-2, and with R2 = 0.88, RMSE = 1.924 and R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 1.45 for Sentinel-1 data, respectively, and are with R2 = 0.81, RMSE = 2.57 and R2 = 0.97, RMSE = 0.90 , respectively. The results of Oh model showed that in HV polarization, Pulsar-2 images and VH sentinel-1 polarization images have stronger soil moisture results. Soil moisture results in WCM model in vegetated lands for PALSAR-2 images in HH and HV polarization in and , respectively, with R2 = 0.81, RMSE = 2.44 and R2 = 0.78, RMSE = 2.64 , R2 = 0.88, RMSE = 1.924 for Sentinel-1 in and with R2 = 0.75, RMSE = 2.74 and R2 = 0.76, RMSE = 2.69 , respectively. In the discussion of estimating soil moisture with WCM model, the results of PALSAR-2 in polarization HH with R2 = 0.81 in lands with vegetation density of more than 0.4% have better results.Conclusion In the Oh model, the results showed that the sensitivity of HV polarization in PALSAR-2 images and VH polarization in Sentinel-1 in an area with vegetation density less than 0.4 is much higher than the polarization sensitivity of HH PALSAR-2 and polarized VV Sentinel-1. Also, the HH polarization sensitivity of PALSAR-2 and VH Sentinel-1 polarized images to surface roughness is higher than other polarizations. In the Water cloud model, the results obtained from Sentinel-1 data by eliminating the effects of vegetation and simulating the surface backscattering coefficients are very poor. Has reduced the penetration of the wave. The results showed that the polarization sensitivity of HH in areas with vegetation with a density of more than 0.4 was much higher than the polarization sensitivity of HV, also the sensitivity of the radar signal to noise was low in polarized HH but high in polarized HV. This showed that the polarization of the HH matrix is sensitive to vegetation, so the model will be more stable in the presence of vegetation. A comparison of two SAR data in the range showed that PALSAR-2 images are more efficient for estimating soil surface moisture in the study area and similar areas due to their long wavelength and depth of penetration into soil and vegetation. In line with the research topic, other researchers, including Alishan et al. A study has attempted to estimate soil surface moisture in barren lands using PALSAR-2 and Sentinel-1 data, which concluded that the WCM model eliminates plant water content. And surface moisture estimation using the inverse model was high in both PALSAR-2 and Sentinel-1 data. A study by Zaribi et al. Showed that the OH model in both polarized HV and HH with lower RMSE is able to estimate soil surface moisture. This research is suitable for environmental management, agriculture, natural resources, and water resources management and contributes significantly to hydrological modeling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Study and prediction of land surface temperature changes of Yazd city: assessing the proximity and changes of land cover
Mohammad Mansourmoghaddam Iman Rousta Mohammadsadegh Zamani Mohammad Hossein Mokhtari Mohammad Karimi Firozjaei Seyed Kazem AlavipanahBackground and Objective The expansion of urbanization has increased the scale and intensity of thermal islands in cities. Investigating how cities are affected by these thermal islands plays an important role in the future planning of cities. For this purpose, this stu MoreBackground and Objective The expansion of urbanization has increased the scale and intensity of thermal islands in cities. Investigating how cities are affected by these thermal islands plays an important role in the future planning of cities. For this purpose, this study examines and predicts the effect of land cover (LC) changes in the three classes of LC including urban areas, barren lands, and vegetation on land surface temperature (LST) in the city of Yazd during the last 30 years using Landsat 5 and 8 images. This study also examines the effect of the ratio of proximity to the barren land and vegetation classes during this period to examine how the recorded LST is affected by the mentioned ratio.Materials and Methods The LC maps of Yazd city were extracted using a supervised Artificial Neural Network classifier for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. Terrestrial data, google earth, and ground truth maps were used to derive training data. The LST of Yazd was obtained from the thermal band of Landsat 5 and Landsat 8. After that, the LST was classified into six available classes, including 16-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40, and 41-46°C which has shown that the four last classes play an important role in LST changes in Yazd city during last 30 years. To evaluate the effects of the proximity of barren land and vegetation LC classes on the LST recorded by the sensor, firstly the proximity ratio was calculated in 5×5 kernels for all image pixels. Then the mean of LST was derived based on this ratio of barren and vegetation lands.Results and Discussion The results of this study showed that in Yazd city, from 1990 to 2020, the area of the urban area has grown 91.5 % (33.6 km2) over the last 30 years. Barren and vegetation land, have negative growth in the area over the same period. From 1990 to 2020, barren lands in Yazd experienced a growth -79.4% (21.3 km2), which the sharp growth of urban areas justifies this negative growth in barren lands. Vegetation classes in Yazd from 1990 to 2020, have experienced a growth -68.5% (12.2 km2). The average ground temperature of this city has been constantly increasing during these 30 years. By 2020, the city of Yazd, reaching an average of 38.1°C compared to 29.2°C in 1990, has experienced a 30.4% increase in its average LST. The temperature classes of this city have also moved towards warmer temperature classes in these 30 years. As the main part of the LST area of Yazd, in 1990, in the first place, the class of 26-30 °C with 47 km2 and at the second place the class of 31-35 °C with 26.4 km2 are classified. In 2000, in a reverse trend, the main LST class was 31-35°C with 52.8 km2 as the first place and the 26-30°C class with 20 km2 as the second place. With an increased class, the LST class of 36-40 °C for both 2010 and 2020 with 40.2 and 63 km2 respectively has been recorded as the largest LST class. The LST class of 31-35 °C has been recorded as the second LST class of both years with 33.2 and 9.7 km2, respectively. The difference between these two years is in the growth -70.7% (23.5 km2) of the class area of 31-35°C and the increase of 10.3% (0.8 km2) of the hottest class of the statistical period, 41-46°C, in 2020, compared to 2010. The results of this study also showed that the highest average temperature in all year was recorded for barren lands at 37.3°C. Also, a positive correlation (mean correlation 0.95) was shown between the proximity to barren land cover and the mean LST. However, the sharp upward trend of urban areas in the whole statistical period (91.5% with 33.6 km2) as the second class with the highest average LST after the barren lands with an average of 34.1 °C versus a downward trend of 79.4% (21.3 km2) of barren lands has increased the average LST over a statistical period of 30 years. It is because the decrease of 68.5% (12.2 km2) of vegetation areas as an LC class with the lowest average LST (32.2°C) in the same period, neutralized the effect of decreasing barren lands and intensified the trend of increasing the LST. Meanwhile, a negative correlation (mean correlation -0.97) was established between the ratio of proximity to vegetation and the average LST. The results of forecasting land cover changes in 2030 in the city of Yazd indicate that in a process similar to previous periods, the class of urban areas will increase. This growth will not be significant compared to 2020, with 1.6% (1.1 km2). However, a significant decrease in green areas (vegetation) by -19.6% (1.1 km2) in the same period, along with a slight decrease in barren lands -1.8% (0.1 km2) will cause the earth’s surface to become warmer, and the area of LST classes will be increased by the year. Accordingly, the main area of the LST class in 2030 for the city of Yazd, as in 2020, is forecasted 36-40°C with 58.2 km2 (-7.6% growth compared to 2020). But the dramatic growth of the hottest class of LST over the statistical period (41-46°C) with 166.3% (14.3 km2) growth as the second major class of LST in this year (2030), as well as the negative and dramatic growth of the relatively cooler class 31-35°C with -97.9 % (9.5 km2) in this year indicates the warmer ground surface temperature in 2030.Conclusion The results of this study indicate that in 30 years in Yazd city, the decrease in vegetation in the first place, along with the increase in urban areas in the second place, has caused an increase in LST. Thus, the vegetation class reduces the LST due to its cooling effect considering its water content. In this study, it was shown that by taking all factors into account, the reduction of barren lands will lead to a decrease in LST, and also increasing urban areas with a lower impact factor than barren lands will increase the LST. However, the decrease in the area of green lands (vegetation) in recent years, along with the sharp increase in the area of urban areas has caused an increase in LST. Increasing the proximity to vegetation by creating green areas by increasing the ratio of vegetation in the vicinity of different LC and also reducing the area of barren lands, can be a good solution to deal with the impact of urbanization in recent years on ground surface temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - The effect of land use change/land cover on land surface temperature in the coastal area of Bushehr
Fazel Amiri Tayebeh TabatabaieBackground and Objective Urbanization accelerates the ecological stress by warming the local or global cities for a large extent. Many urban areas are suffering from huge land conversion and resultant new heat zones. Remote sensing techniques are significantly effective MoreBackground and Objective Urbanization accelerates the ecological stress by warming the local or global cities for a large extent. Many urban areas are suffering from huge land conversion and resultant new heat zones. Remote sensing techniques are significantly effective in detecting the land use/land cover (LULC) change and its consequences. Several satellite sensors are capable to identify these change zones by using their visible and near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands. Apart from the conventional LULC classification algorithms, some spectral indices are used in detecting specific land features. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) can be considered the most applied spectral index in this scenario. NDVI is a dominant factor in LST derivation processes and is used invariably in any LST-related study. NDVI is directly used in the determination of land surface emissivity and thus is a significant factor for LST estimation. It also determines the LULC categories by its optimum threshold limits in the different physical environments. Being a vegetation index, NDVI depends largely on seasonal variation. Hence, LST is also regulated by the change of seasons. Thus, seasonal evaluation of LST and NDVI is an important task in LST mapping and monitoring, especially in an urban landscape. In this research, LST and NDVI in August in the coastal lands of Bushehr are investigated using Landsat satellite images for the years 1990, 2005 and 2020. The LULC map was obtained with suitable threshold values of NDVI. The objectives of this study are; 1) to analyze the temporal changes of the LST spatial distribution pattern in the study area, 2) to determine the spatial-temporal changes of the LST-NDVI relationship for the whole studied land, and 3) to investigate the spatial-temporal changes of the LST relationship - NDVI in different types of land use/cover.Materials and Methods The land study area of Bushehr city, which is on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf, with dimensions of 20 × 8 km2 an area of 1011.5 km2 and with an average minimum temperature of 18.1 oC and an average maximum temperature of 33 oC, relative humidity between 58-75% and the average annual rainfall is 272 mm. The data used in this research include; Landsat 8 (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sounder (TIRS) data in 2020; 2005 ETM+ data, and 1990 TM data downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) (https://earth explorer.usgs.gov). The Landsat 8 TIRS instrument has two TIR bands (bands 10 and 11), in which band 11 has calibration uncertainty. Therefore, only TIR band 10 (100 m resolution) is recommended for the present study. The 10 TIR band was converted to a pixel size of 30 × 30 meters by the USGS cubic convolution method. Landsat 5 TM data has only one TIR thermal infrared band (band 6) with 120 m resolution, which was also converted by USGS to 30 × 30 m pixel size by cubic convolution method. For Landsat TM and ETM+ data, the spatial resolution of 30 m visible to near-infrared (VNIR) bands was used. The maximum likelihood classification method was applied to validate NDVI threshold-based LULC classification. In this study, the mono-window algorithm was applied to retrieve LST from multi-temporal Landsat satellite sensors. NDVI can extract different types of LULC by using the optimum threshold values. These threshold values can differ with respect to the differences in the physical environment. The NDVI threshold limits were applied to the images to extract the different LULC types.Results and Discussion The overall accuracy values of the LULC classification were 73.6%, 83.9%, and 84.6% in 1990, 2005, and 2020, respectively. The kappa coefficients for the LULC classification were 0.77, 0.80, and 0.84 in 1990, 2005, and 2020, respectively. In the present study, the average overall accuracy and average kappa coefficient were 80.7% and 0.80, respectively. Thus, the NDVI threshold method-based LULC classification was significantly validated. The results of this research showed a gradual rising (1.4 °C during 1990–2005 and 2 °C during 2005–2020) of LST during the whole period of study. The mean LST value for three study years was the lowest (30.86 °C) on green vegetation and the highest (49.07 °C) on bare land and built-up areas. The spatial distribution of NDVI and LST reflects an inverse relationship. The best (-0.97) and the least (-0.80) correlation, respectively, whereas a moderate (-0.89) correlation was noticed. This LST-NDVI correlation was strong negative (-0.80) on the vegetation surface. The LST is greatly controlled by land-use characteristics.Conclusion The present study analyzes the spatial, and temporal relationship of LST and NDVI in Bushehr coastal lands using 3 Landsat data sets for 1990, 2005, and 2020. The mono-window algorithm was applied in deriving LST. In general, the results showed that LST is inversely related to NDVI, irrespective of any year. The presence of vegetation is the main responsible factor for high negativity. The LST-NDVI relationship varies for specific LULC types. The green area presents a strong negative (-0.80) regression. The mean LST of the study area was increased by 3.4 °C during 1990-2020. The conversion of other lands into the built-up area and bare land influences a lot on the mean LST of the city. Both the changed and unchanged built-up area and bare land suffer from the increasing trend of LST. This study can be used as a reference for land use and environmental planning on coastal land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Determination of land surface temperature using Landsat images (Case study: Bushehr coastal lands)
Fazel Amiri Tayebeh TabatabaieBackground and Objective Land surface temperature (LST) has become an important issue in the world today, as it affects the climate and environment at the local, regional and global levels, and these changes in land surface temperature are mainly caused by it arises fro MoreBackground and Objective Land surface temperature (LST) has become an important issue in the world today, as it affects the climate and environment at the local, regional and global levels, and these changes in land surface temperature are mainly caused by it arises from urbanization, and human activities and extreme Landuse and Land-cover (LULC) changes. Due to the limitations of meteorological stations, remote sensing can be used as the basis of many meteorological data. One of the most important practical aspects of remote sensing in climate studies is the estimation of surface temperature. In this research, the temperature of the earth's surface between 1990 and 2018 was extracted from the images of TM and OLI sensors of the coastal lands of Bushehr, using the Stefan-Boltzmann method.Materials and Methods The land study area of Bushehr city, which is on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf, with dimensions of 20×8 km2 an area of 1011.5 km2 and with an average minimum temperature of 18.1oC and an average maximum temperature of 33 oC, relative humidity between 58-75% and the average annual rainfall is 272 mm, it’s located in the geographical location of 50°50' to 10°51 E longitude and 28°40' to 29°00' N latitude. The data used in this research include; Landsat 8 (OLI) data in 2018 and TM data in 1990, which were downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) data center (https://earth explorer.usgs.gov). In order to calculate the parameters related to temperature extraction, the meteorological data of the synoptic stations located in the studied area were used. After taking the images, due to the larger range of the images, the images were cut (Resized) and then the geometric correction of the images was done using topographic maps on a scale of 1/25000 and all the images were adjusted to the UTM coordinate system of the 39 N were adapted. In geometric correction, the RMS error of all images was less than 0.5 pixels. In order to compare the results of Stefan-Boltzmann method for extracting LST with ground data, thermal map data obtained was compared with soil temperature data (obtained from meteorological stations in the selected area). In order to evaluate the Stefan-Boltzmann method from ground data, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) index statistical method was used.Results and Discussion The average minimum and maximum Land surface temperature (LST) extracted from the 1990 TM image was 26.5 and 45 °C, respectively, and for the 2018 OLI image, it was 30.1 and 48.6 °C, respectively. The results showed that the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) index values for TM and OLI sensors are to 7.1 and 5.6, respectively. The results of the research showed that the Stefan-Boltzmann method provided a reliable result in estimating the Land surface temperature.Conclusion This research aims to extract LST by Stefan-Boltzmann method. The results of this method were estimated using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) statistical index for the study period (1990-2018). Applying the MAE on the produced thermal maps, it was found that the Stefan-Boltzmann method is suitable for future research in the fields of thermal remote sensing by observing the results of using the MAE index on thermal maps. Therefore, we conclude that the Stefan-Boltzmann method is suitable for estimating the surface temperature of the land in coastal areas. Finally, it is suggested that for quantitatively describing LST patterns a GIS/RS-based method, and methods such as spatial autocorrelation and semivariance are used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Creating a graphical user interface (GUI) to automatically calculate the land surface temperature and use the results in evaluating temperature changes in land uses in Ardabil city
Hossein Fekrat Sayyad Asghari Saraskanrood Seyed Kazem AlavipanahBackground and Objective Land surface temperature is a vital indicator for studying environmental changes, hydrological conditions and the energy balance of the earth, which can also be used to monitor the temperature changes of cities. The lack of meteorological statio MoreBackground and Objective Land surface temperature is a vital indicator for studying environmental changes, hydrological conditions and the energy balance of the earth, which can also be used to monitor the temperature changes of cities. The lack of meteorological stations in most parts of the country, including the study area, has created information limitations in the field of surface temperature data. There are also a large number of non-remote sensing users who need LST maps, and most of them are not familiar enough with LST computing software and inevitably have to spend a lot of time mapping to prepare their maps. This process can be time-consuming even for remote sensing professionals if the number of images is high. The use of valid data for validation that has the least time difference with the satellite passes time is very important in estimating the accuracy of the results. By reviewing internal research similar to the one under study, most internal studies used only meteorological station data to validate the results, the data recording time at these stations is different from the satellite passes time. In this study, due to the large area of the study area and the insufficient number of meteorological stations, in addition to the surface temperature data measured in synoptic stations, the land surface temperature in two ground stations was recorded simultaneously with the satellite. Creating a graphical user interface (GUI) to automatically calculate the surface temperature of Ardabil city with two single-channel and RTE algorithms and use the results to evaluate the temperature changes of land usesMaterials and Methods In this study, in order to automatically calculate the land surface temperature of Ardabil city from three types of data: Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images, land surface temperature data recorded at two meteorological stations in the study area and also due to an insufficient number of stations Meteorological data land surface temperature data measured with digital thermometers are also used as the satellite passes. After preparing thermal and multispectral images, first MODTRAN web computing software was used to model the atmospheric transferability and atmospheric coefficients were extracted. Then, to create graphical user interfaces and automatic calculation of LST, land surface temperature with two algorithms single-channel and RTE method with Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellite images for two dates: 31/07/2000 and 21/08/2019 in MATLAB software were coded and using these codes, graphical user interfaces were created for each algorithm and finally, an automatic land surface temperature calculator application was produced. Also, the land use map of Ardabil city for both mentioned dates was classified and extracted using a random forest algorithm in the Google Earth engine system environment with 7 classes. This algorithm has a much better performance compared to traditional methods such as maximum likelihood due to its hierarchical structure in selecting each pixel to the appropriate class. To validate surface temperature maps from two types of surface temperature data recorded in two meteorological stations and surface temperature recorded by a digital thermometer that simultaneously passes the satellite in two points of the homogeneous non-urban environment with agricultural use (alfalfa) and Bayer that product It was harvested, used. To evaluate the accuracy of land use maps, using Google Earth, which has a better spatial resolution than the image used, 248 ground control points were obtained from pure pixels of different land uses and used in the validation process. Also, statistical parameters such as error matrix, overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were applied to the output of both land use maps.Results and Discussion Using the codes written in MATLAB software, graphical user interfaces (GUI) were created and then the automatic LST calculator application was produced. The output of the application was surface temperature maps with single channel algorithms and radiation transfer equation (RTE) for 31/07/2000 using thermal image (band 6) of Landsat 5 satellite TM and 21/08 / 2019 was created by the 10 TIRS sensor band of Landsat 8 satellite. After comparing the output maps with the meteorological station and ground station data, the results showed that the single-channel method had the lowest temperature deviations compared to the stations in both years. After preparing LST maps and selecting the optimal algorithm (single channel), land use maps of Ardabil city were prepared using a random forest algorithm in the GEE platform. Statistical evaluations of the classification results showed that for 2000, the highest pixel interference was related to the middle and poor rangeland class, which has a 16-pixel displacement with residential and rainfed agricultural classes. Due to the improved spatial resolution of the Landsat 8 satellite compared to the Landsat 5, followed by better class separation, this pixel displacement in the 2019 user map shows a smaller value. The most common error was related to the aquaculture class, which had a displacement of 10 pixels with rich rangeland and rainfed agriculture classes. Finally, using the LST map and land use map, the temperature changes of the land uses over a period of 19 years were evaluated. By entering the input images and atmospheric parameters in the application, the land surface temperature was calculated with two one-channel algorithms and the RTE method. Evaluation of output maps with meteorological and terrestrial data showed that the single-channel algorithm with a difference of +2.5 and -2 with stations 1 and 2 for the year 2000 and with a temperature difference of +1.3, +0.9, -1 and -0.9 with stations 1, 2, 3 and 4 in 2019, respectively, had higher accuracy than the RTE method. Also, the results of validation of land use maps showed an overall accuracy of 0.95 and a kappa coefficient of 0.94 for 2000 and overall accuracy of 0.96 and a kappa coefficient of 0.95 for 2019.Conclusion Assessing the relationship between land surface temperature and land use maps showed that despite the significant physical growth of the urban sector over a period of 19 years, except for residential areas, all land uses in 2019 compared to 2000 with an increase in average surface temperature. It seems that factors such as the expansion of agricultural lands with irrigated cultivation around the urban area up to a radius of 10 km and the entanglement of these farms with the urban sector have a great impact on the temperature adjustment of the urban sector. In 2000, these lands were mainly under cultivation of rain-fed crops, and by solving the water problem (digging deep wells and water transfer projects), they became orchards and irrigated farms such as potatoes. Due to the high water requirement, these products also have high greenery, and this factor has increased the rate of evapotranspiration, followed by cooling of the cultivation area and the urban sector. Among other classes, in both years of water use, the lowest and the use of barren lands had the highest average surface temperature. The generated application can be run on any operating system that supports the exe format, and the user by specifying atmospheric parameters can automatically estimate the LST. This application can also be used in various sectors such as agricultural systems, and climate and water resources management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Assessment relations of land use in heat islands using time series ASTER sensor data (Case study: Bandar Abbas city)
Ali aKbar Matkan Ahmad Nohegar Babak Mirbagheri Nahid TorkchinInvestigation of the situation of heat radiation scattering and its relationship by land use types is important in identification of the urban microclimate. Temperature is one of the features that are influenced by environmental conditions and it is considered as one of MoreInvestigation of the situation of heat radiation scattering and its relationship by land use types is important in identification of the urban microclimate. Temperature is one of the features that are influenced by environmental conditions and it is considered as one of quality indices of environmental. According to this study the quality of the environment and the amount of pressure on which come to attention. On the other hand, land use planning as the main core of the urban planning based understanding of the environment is searching to find a way to improvement of environmental, social and ecological system of cities to the aims of sustainable development, especially countries. In this study, the effects of land use/cover and risk of land surface temperature (LST) in the coastal city of Bandar Abbas assessed by using satellite imaging data Terra ASTER for the years 2007 and 2011. After the processing required and using the heat equation, the surface temperature was prepared. Land use layers and harvesting of selected parts and also inferential statistical tests (Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficient) the relation between land use/cover and surface temperature was calculated. The results showed industrial areas, barren land of high temperature and high coastal areas due to the presence of water due to evaporation and transpiration from vegetation green leaf area of trees and shade temperatures were lower than those of other users. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Evaluation of the geographical factors effect on land surface temperature using satellite imagery in Taftan volcanic cone
Shahram Bahrami Elahe Akbari Atefeh DoranLand surface temperature estimation in the vast area using remote sensing can be eliminated depletion of its monitoring in limited numbers of weather stations. The surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) used for estimating the temperature in most parts of the MoreLand surface temperature estimation in the vast area using remote sensing can be eliminated depletion of its monitoring in limited numbers of weather stations. The surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) used for estimating the temperature in most parts of the world. The aim of this research is gaining the land surface temperature and studying its relation to geographical factors like height, geographic direction, lithology and morphometric of some landforms in Taftan volcanic cone. Therefore, by using SEBAL method on ETM+ imagery in 2001 year, heat map of this area is produced. As for performing this method, the corrected thermal radiance, surface emissivity in thermal band, spectral radiance, reflectivity in each bands and surface albedo was calculated. Ridges and thalweg map is produced by studying the regional contours using topographic maps and Google Earth. On the other hand, river maps, digital elevation model, geographic direction and geology are digitized and created. Then by overlapping the mentioned maps with land surface temperature (LST) map and using zonal statistical analysis, the LST is taken in every elevation class, geographic directions, formation and special land forms. Overall, results showed that at higher levels, LST decrease and geographic directions have an important role in temperature rate of cone. The minimum average of temperature and the maximum average of temperature are seen in west direction and east direction, respectively. Furthermore, formations and land forms that have minimum and maximum temperature are located in these directions. So, by regarding temperature conditions in geographic directions and different formations, could plan for implanting compatible agricultural crops and appropriate environmental conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Determination of urban surface temperature using landSat images (Case study: Karaj)
Behrouz Ebrahimi Heravi Kazem Rangzan Hamidreza Riahi Bakhtiari Ayoub TaghizadehLand surface temperature is a key indicator of energy balance. Besides, it serves as input data for models of climate change, agriculture, meteorology, urban heat islands, choosing the best time to agricultural activities, study of volcanic and geothermal activity, and MoreLand surface temperature is a key indicator of energy balance. Besides, it serves as input data for models of climate change, agriculture, meteorology, urban heat islands, choosing the best time to agricultural activities, study of volcanic and geothermal activity, and fire detection. In this study land surface temperature has been extracted by available methods using 4 images of TM and ETM+ sensors of Landsat in span years of 1985 to 2003. The methods of land lurface temperature extraction included landsat project science office, mono window, SEBAL, Stefan-Boltzmann and single channel. Because of the multiplicity of methods and the number of images used in this study using a statistical method is required. It is required to determine the most efficient extraction method of land surface temperature, which is close to the existing field data. The statistical indicator used in this study was a mean absolute error (MAE). The results indicated that Stefan-Boltzmann method was the best method for both TM and ETM+ sensors. The MAE values for TM and ETM+ were 4.3 and 6.8 respectively, which showed a minimum value among other results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Detecting changes trend of geomorphic faces of Zayandeh Rood deltaic cones using remote sensing
Maliheh Mohamadi Abdollah SeifRemote sensing technology is a tool to identify and evaluate changes of geomorphic faces. Preparing the geomorphic maps and detecting of changes is one of the main elements in projects related to land capability assessment. In this study, geomorphic faces changes of the MoreRemote sensing technology is a tool to identify and evaluate changes of geomorphic faces. Preparing the geomorphic maps and detecting of changes is one of the main elements in projects related to land capability assessment. In this study, geomorphic faces changes of the Zayandeh Rood Delta were detected in the 27 years period using MSS (1975) and ETM+ (2002) satellite images, topography and geology maps, and field visit. The ETM+ and MSS satellite images were corrected using the nearest neighbor method with a 0.15 and 0.18 percentage error respectively. For each image the best false colure composite (FCC) was prepared using spectral profiles and PCA index. After a linear stretch the maps of each image were prepared using supervised classification geomorphic with an overall accuracy of 62% (MSS 1975) and 74% (ETM+ 2002). The prepared maps were evaluated by the post-classification comparison (PCC) method. The results show that bloat lands has expanded from 13 km2 to 26 km2 and clay-sandy faces have increased from 45 to 52 km2. However the area of other units has been reduced due to the prevailing drought conditions and in some cases due to land use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Evaluation of surface temperature in relation to land use/cover using remote sensing data
Behrouz Ahmadi Ardavan Ghorbani Taher Safarrad Behrouz SobhaniThis study aimed to evaluate land surface temperature in relation to vegetation and urban land use using remote sensing data within the city of Ardabil and urban margin of up to 15km radius, using 2010 Landsat TM image, after preprocessing, such as data preparation, rad MoreThis study aimed to evaluate land surface temperature in relation to vegetation and urban land use using remote sensing data within the city of Ardabil and urban margin of up to 15km radius, using 2010 Landsat TM image, after preprocessing, such as data preparation, radiometric and geometric correction, which was performed using ENVI®4.7 software. Then for measuring the surface temperature, the thermal band of an image using relevant equations for converting digital numbers to radiance and radiance to brightness temperature was used. In the next step for calculating emissivity the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) index was used and finally land use map in six classes using supervised classification method were extracted from the image. For extracting the vegetation fraction the Dimidiate model was used. To assess the accuracy of surface temperature extracted from the image, hourly data from 4 weather stations was used and to reconcile these data with each other, a simple regression equation was used. Results show that the coefficient of relationship between land surface temperature (derived from the image) and air temperature recorded at the stations was 0.79 and the correlation between recorded air temperature of stations and derived air temperature from the image was obtained 0.99. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Detection of Accelerated Osteointegration in Surface Modified Dental Implants with Sensor Nodes Located in Wireless Network of Body Areas
moluk EyvaziIntroduction: Intraosseoues Dental implants are widely used in the field of oral restoration. Endosseous dental implants have been well accepted for replacing missing teeth in today’s dental practice. The success of dental implant therapy is essentially based on t MoreIntroduction: Intraosseoues Dental implants are widely used in the field of oral restoration. Endosseous dental implants have been well accepted for replacing missing teeth in today’s dental practice. The success of dental implant therapy is essentially based on the process of osseointegration. These success rates depends on the mechanical,structural and surfaces properties in contact with the jaw bone and timely identification of osseointegration process. In zirconia implants,the combined surface modification of femtosecond laser and bioceramic coatings is important to accelerateosteointegration.The major challenge for contemporary dental implantologists is to provide oral rehabilitation to patients with healthy bone conditions asking for rapid loading protocols or to patients with quantitatively or qualitatively compromised bone. These charging conditions require advances in implant surface design.The elucidation of bone healing physiology has driven investigators to engineer implant surfaces that closely mimic natural bone characteristics.The type of surface modification has a great effect on uniting the implant with the jawbone. But still many problems such as osseointegration defect and infection adjacent to the implant lead to their failure in clinical applications This paper provides a comprehensive overview of surface modifications that beneficially alter the topography, hydrophilicity, and outer coating of dental implants in order to enhance osseointegration in healthy as well as in compromised bone.Method: It is important to use effective surface modification methods and apply appropriate coatings in order to create successful osseointegration and preventing bacteria from adhesion. Results: Byreducing periimplantitis and accelerating osseointegration, it will lead to improved repair and clinical success. The review gives an insight of the various surface modifications and designs that can be successfully applied on dental implants so that a greater level of osseointegration can be achieved.Discussion: Major advancements have been made in order to develop implants with innovative surface topography and design. These modifications have greatly influenced the rate and degree of osseointegration. Therefore, the purpose of this review article was study new methods of surface modification for detecting of accelerating osteointegration by sensory nodes that located in wireless body area network, reducing the periimplantitis and aims to comprehensively discuss currently available implant surface modifications commonly used in implantology in terms of their impact on osseointegration and biofilm formation,which is critical for clinicians to choose the most suitable materials to improve the success and survival of implantation and Follow-up of patients at any time without the use of X-rays with sensory nodes that located in body area wireless network. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Face Recognition in Images Using Viola_Jones Method and Image Texture Analysis
Mahdi Hariri Narmineh HeydarzadehIntroduction: Face recognition is one of the most important biometric technologies for people identification, also used in access control. Face recognition is one of the important steps before identity recognition. Usually, one method is used to detect the presence of f MoreIntroduction: Face recognition is one of the most important biometric technologies for people identification, also used in access control. Face recognition is one of the important steps before identity recognition. Usually, one method is used to detect the presence of faces in images. Still, in this research, to increase the accuracy of detection, the combination of two methods is used to improve the detection performance: Viola-Jones algorithm and the matching of image components and texture with face and skin components. In the first step, we use the Viola-Jones algorithm to detect the facial features. In the next step, the features of the eye and nose tissues are analyzed with regression neural networks, and facial features are recognized better according to the facial features. In this research, the texture features of the right and left eyes and the nose of the face are used to increase the matching accuracy. We have used the faces of the FDD-Fold dataset to evaluate the proposed method. Comparing the performance of this method with the RCNN deep network method with a much smaller number of training data, we reached an accuracy of 96.36%, more than the deep learning network. This method gives good results in systems with limited computing ability and average amount of data.The face recognition system is one of the biometric identification systems and one of the most important technologies for people identification, which is also used in access control. Face identification is one of the few biometric methods that, with the advantages of high accuracy and low level of human intervention, is used in cases such as information security, law enforcement and monitoring, traffic control, and registration in attendance systems. This method creates more convenience and development with fewer requirements. then, this method has received more attention during the last twenty years.Face detection is a local binary classification problem that shows the presence of faces in the given image using boxes surrounding them. Although the Viola-Jones method is less accurate than modern methods such as convolutional neural networks; Its much lower efficiency and training parameters compared to the millions of parameters of a typical CNN result in faster training, better accuracy with limited data, and its use in devices with limited computing power such as cameras and mobile phones. The innovation of this method is matching the geometric pattern of the edges to identify the presence of the face in the image, along with matching the skin texture. This method seems to be faster and more accurate than the previous ones.Method: In this research, in the first step, we use Viola-Jones, one of the optimal face recognition algorithms in the image, to detect facial components. In the next step, we use the adaptation of the general shape of facial parts such as eyes, and match the textures in the image with the predicted texture for human skin, to improve the recognition performance and increase the recognition accuracy, in such a way that the regression neural networks examine the eye and nose tissue characteristics and according to the characteristics of the facial tissue, the facial components are recognized by the regression neural network. The investigated features in the texture include minimum and maximum color intensity, mean and median, and variance of the image. The data is given to the regression neural network for training. Here Remarkable thing is matching the overall shape of the human head and face, and in the next step matching the overall shape of the facial parts such as the eyes to improve the accuracy of the presented method. We also use the matching of textures in the image with the texture predicted for human skin to further improve the accuracy of the program's performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Man from Seyyid Imadaddin Nasimis Viewpoint
Ali Ramazani Maryam Mohammadzadeh Rasoul EbadiOne of the most important views put forward by Hurufieh sect is that man can be the symbol of God. They have tried to analyze man in all its facets, and Nasimi as a brave poet has done the same. Nothing can be found in his works to be irrelevant to man's creativity and MoreOne of the most important views put forward by Hurufieh sect is that man can be the symbol of God. They have tried to analyze man in all its facets, and Nasimi as a brave poet has done the same. Nothing can be found in his works to be irrelevant to man's creativity and investigation. The aim of this paper is to familiarize readers with human related studies of his works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - An Overview Of Secondary Mystical Concepts on the Beloved Face in Hemam Tabrizi Divan
Fazel Abbasszadeh Jalil TajlilAbstract: Though Hemam Tabrizi is known to be the follower of Sa’di and even his own student, and the beloved introduced Motehalli in his words castle a sample of earthly beloved, through reflection over his poetry, there is a bas relief of the arrays of his mystical MoreAbstract: Though Hemam Tabrizi is known to be the follower of Sa’di and even his own student, and the beloved introduced Motehalli in his words castle a sample of earthly beloved, through reflection over his poetry, there is a bas relief of the arrays of his mystical teachings that are mostly written in an encrypted and condensed and metaphoric language found in the delicately texture and underground layers of his words. That is why it is endeavored to study the secondary mystical concepts that the poet has drawn up via the elements of the beloved face out of imagination and later the extensive mystical meanings is commented out of a few verses in his divan. Manuscript profile -
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232 - Rigidity and Irregularity Effect on Surface Wave Propagation in a Fluid Saturated Porous Layer
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241 - An Analytical Study on Surface Energy Effect on Free Longitudinal Vibration of Cracked Nanorods
H Shokrollahi R NazemnezhadThe present work analytically studies the free longitudinal vibration of nanorods in the presence of cracks based on the surface elasticity theory. To this end, governing equations of motion and corresponding boundary conditions are obtained using Hamilton’s princ MoreThe present work analytically studies the free longitudinal vibration of nanorods in the presence of cracks based on the surface elasticity theory. To this end, governing equations of motion and corresponding boundary conditions are obtained using Hamilton’s principle. Due to considering the surface stress effect, as well as the surface density and the surface Lamé constants, the obtained governing equations of motion become non-homogeneous. The non-homogeneous governing equations are solved using appropriate analytical methods, and the natural frequencies are extracted. To have a comprehensive research, the effects of various parameters such as the length and radius of the nanorod, the crack severity, the crack position, the type of boundary condition, and the values of surface and bulk material properties on axial frequencies of the nanorod are investigated. Since this work considers the effects of all surface energy parameters, it can be claimed that it is a comprehensive study in this regard. Manuscript profile -
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242 - Mixed-Mode Stress Intensity Factors for Surface Cracks in Functionally Graded Materials Using Enriched Finite Elements
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244 - Nonlinear Instability of Coupled CNTs Conveying Viscous Fluid
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Open Access Article
246 - Surface Stress Effect on the Nonlocal Biaxial Buckling and Bending Analysis of Polymeric Piezoelectric Nanoplate Reinforced by CNT Using Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka Approach
M Mohammadimehr B Rousta Navi A Ghorbanpour Arani -
Open Access Article
247 - Dynamic Instability of Visco-SWCNTs Conveying Pulsating Fluid Based on Sinusoidal Surface Couple Stress Theory
A Ghorbanpour Arani R Kolahchi M Jamali M Mosayyebi I Alinaghian -
Open Access Article
248 - Axial and Transverse Vibration of SWBNNT System Coupled Pasternak Foundation Under a Moving Nanoparticle Using Timoshenko Beam Theory
A Ghorbanpour Arani A Karamali Ravandi M.A Roudbari M.B Azizkhani A Hafizi Bidgoli -
Open Access Article
249 - Surface Effects on Free Vibration Analysis of Nanobeams Using Nonlocal Elasticity: A Comparison Between Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko
Sh Hosseini – Hashemi M Fakher R Nazemnezhad -
Open Access Article
250 - Effect of Surface Energy on the Vibration Analysis of Rotating Nanobeam
M Safarabadi M Mohammadi A Farajpour M Goodarzi -
Open Access Article
251 - Engineering Critical Assessments of Marine Pipelines with 3D Surface Cracks Considering Weld Mismatch
S.M.H Sharifi M Kaveh H Saeidi Googarchin -
Open Access Article
252 - Reflection of Plane Wave at Traction-Free Surface of a Pre-Stressed Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Material (FGPM) Half-Space
P.K Saroj S.A Sahu -
Open Access Article
253 - Nonlocal Piezomagnetoelasticity Theory for Buckling Analysis of Piezoelectric/Magnetostrictive Nanobeams Including Surface Effects
A Ghorbanpour Arani M Abdollahian A.H Rahmati -
Open Access Article
254 - Finite Difference Method for Biaxial and Uniaxial Buckling of Rectangular Silver Nanoplates Resting on Elastic Foundations in Thermal Environments Based on Surface Stress and Nonlocal Elasticity Theories
M karimi A.R Shahidi -
Open Access Article
255 - Pull-In Instability of MSGT Piezoelectric Polymeric FG-SWCNTs Reinforced Nanocomposite Considering Surface Stress Effect
A Ghorbanpour Arani B Rousta Navi M Mohammadimehr S Niknejad A.A Ghorbanpour Arani A Hosseinpour -
Open Access Article
256 - Design and Interfacing a Double Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor System at High temperature with Coplanar Waveguide
Mohammad Javadian Sarraf Moh. Nizar hamidonThe wireless measurement methods with batteryless systems are very attractive in harsh environments. In this paper the design method of a double surface acoustic sensor system at the high temperature is discussed. The design methods of meander inductor and interdigital MoreThe wireless measurement methods with batteryless systems are very attractive in harsh environments. In this paper the design method of a double surface acoustic sensor system at the high temperature is discussed. The design methods of meander inductor and interdigital capacitor, which are used in the matching circuit of the system, at the high temperature are introduced. The method of second level interconnection of these devices, using the coplanar waveguide is discussed. The implementation of this system by thick film method is mentioned and finally the measurement results of this system up to 410C are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Determination of residual concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides in surface and groundwater sources supplying drinking water of Tehran city
سهراب Imani E. Dezfouli Shila Goldasteh reza vafaie K. LarijaniPollution of water resources by increased use of pesticides is one of the environmental problems. The aim of present research is the determination of residual Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos in surface and groundwater resources of Tehran city (2018). 12 samples were taken fro MorePollution of water resources by increased use of pesticides is one of the environmental problems. The aim of present research is the determination of residual Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos in surface and groundwater resources of Tehran city (2018). 12 samples were taken from 6 water source stations in 3 geographical regions on Tehran city. we designed new experiments to evaluate the rate of decomposition of pesticides in water, consider the two states of stagnant and current water, each sample was impregnated with 3 Liters of water with 50 mg/L, the active ingredient of the formulation of each of the pesticides studied, then the extraction method was performed at intervals of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days. The liquid-liquid extraction method was used and residual pesticides measurement was accomplished by GC/ NPD. In the stagnant water samples of all the stations, the results of the mean concentration of 3 replicates show a decreasing trend of the residual concentration of the pesticides in over time, but in the 25th day of extraction, the residual amount of pesticides did not reach zero, but in the current water samples, the results showed that the residual concentration of the pesticides was not measurable from the 15th to the 25th day of extraction. The simulation of the current state of the water using the aquarium pump is likely to increased oxidation of pesticides has increased their rate of degradation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Effects of temperature on calling song parameters of White faced bush cricket, Decticus albifrons (Ensifera: Tettigoniidae)
Sh. Jafari M. H. Kazemi M. Shojaei H. Lotfalizadeh M. Mofidi-NeyestanakMost males of katydids stridulate in mating. Calling song has important role in reproductive successes. In the present work, the stridulatory organ of White faced bush cricket, Decticus albifrons (Fabricius, 1775) was described and an analysis for possible relationship MoreMost males of katydids stridulate in mating. Calling song has important role in reproductive successes. In the present work, the stridulatory organ of White faced bush cricket, Decticus albifrons (Fabricius, 1775) was described and an analysis for possible relationship of song parameters with temperature in range of 18-37°C was provided. The calling song is chirp and consists of short echemes. The file length was 3.74±0.32 mm and composed of 77-91 teeth that there is about 22.46 teeth per mm. The inter-echeme interval, echemes and syllables duration showed inverse relationship with temperature in 18-30°C, whereas the dominant frequency, rate of echemes and syllables increase within this range of temperature. The entire curves were reversed after 30­°C; consequently, this point was determined as the optimal temperature for calling song of D. albifrons. Among song parameters of White faced bush cricket, echemes rates, dominant frequency and inter-echeme interval have significant differences in different temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Influence of front row burden on fragmentation, Muckpile shape, Excavator cycle time, and back break in surface Limestone Mines
Bhanwar Choudhary Rajesh Arora -
Open Access Article
260 - Near surface cavities mapping using integrated geophysical techniques: Case study of Gadwalian dam, North Pakistan
Waqar Ahmad Khaista Rehman Muhammad Farooq Asghar Ali Tanveer Ahmed -
Open Access Article
261 - Theoretical study of oxidation of acetonitrile with nitrogen trioxide and formation of secondary organic aerosol
Morteza Alihosseini Morteza vahedpour Mahsa Yousefian -
Open Access Article
262 - Polyethyleneimine-modified super paramagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles: An efficient, reusable and water tolerance nanocatalyst.
Hosein Hamadi Maryam Gholami Mehdi Khoobi -
Open Access Article
263 - Manganese salophen complex supported on magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient, selective and recyclable catalyst for epoxidation of alkenes
Mozhgan Afshari Maryam Gorjizadeh Simin Nazari -
Open Access Article
264 - Magnetic nanoparticles containing Manganese salophen complex as an selective and recyclable catalyst for epoxidation of alkenes
Mozhgan Afshari Maryam Gorjizadeh Simin Nazari -
Open Access Article
265 - Theoretical study of oxidation of acetonitrile with nitrogen trioxide and formation of secondary organic aerosol
Morteza Alihosseini Morteza vahedpour Mahsa Yousefian -
Open Access Article
266 - Novel TiO2 NPs Loaded on Activated Carbon as a Green and High Efficient Absorbent: Synthesis, Characterization, Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of the Adsorption of Bismarck Brown and Thymol Blue from Aaqueous Solutions
Saideh Bagheri Hossein Aghaei Mehrorang Ghaedi -
Open Access Article
267 - Modern Advances in Click Reactions and applications
Shedrach Yakubu Emmanuel Etim -
Open Access Article
268 - A Study on the Role of Nanosilica Seeds on the Synthesis of Silica Colloids
Fatemeh Kholghi Seyed Mojtaba Zebarjad Elham Katoueizadeh Habib Daneshmanesh -
Open Access Article
269 - شبیه سازی پرش هیدرولیکی در بستر با زبری سنگریزه ای با نرمافزار FLOW-3D
ناهید پورعبدالله تورج هنر شهاب انصاریکنترل پرش هیدرولیکی در کانال­های روباز به منظور کاهش انرژی و خسارات وارده بر ابنیه پایین­دست همواره از موضوعات مورد توجه محققین بوده است. یکی از مهم­ترین موارد در این زمینه ساخت انواع حوضچه آرامش با در نظر گرفتن عوامل اقتصادی و سهولت احداث می­باشد. به هم Moreکنترل پرش هیدرولیکی در کانال­های روباز به منظور کاهش انرژی و خسارات وارده بر ابنیه پایین­دست همواره از موضوعات مورد توجه محققین بوده است. یکی از مهم­ترین موارد در این زمینه ساخت انواع حوضچه آرامش با در نظر گرفتن عوامل اقتصادی و سهولت احداث می­باشد. به همین خاطر اغلب قبل از تصمیم­گیری برای احداث حوضچه، شبیه­سازی جهت پیش­بینی رفتار پرش در حالات مختلف انجام می­گردد. یکی از روش­های جدید کنترل پرش در کانال­ها، احداث حوضچه آرامش با زبری سنگ‎ریزه­ای است. لذا در این تحقیق شبیه­سازی پرش بر روی بستر بدون شیب و با زبری سنگ‎ریزه­ای در اعداد فرود اولیه 9/4 تا 8/7، در چهار زبری متفاوت صفر، 1، 4 و 10 میلی‎متر با نرم­افزار FLOW-3D انجام شد. در ادامه نتایج با داده­های آزمایشگاهی مقایسه گردیدند. براساس نتایج بدست آمده، بیش‎ترین و کم‎ترین خطا در تخمین عمق اولیه به ترتیب در بستر بدون زبری و با زبری 4 میلی‎متر و بیش‎ترین و کم‎ترین خطا در تخمین عمق ثانویه به ترتیب در بستر با زبری 4 میلی‎متر و بستر بدون زبری تعیین گردید. همچنین نتایج نشان داد بیش‎ترین و کم‎ترین خطا در تخمین طول پرش به ترتیب در بستر با زبری 4 میلی‎متر و بستر بدون زبری رخ داده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - بررسی بهسازی آب بندان ها در مهار و ذخیره سازی آب های سطحی در استان مازندران
علی باقرییکی از سازه­های ذخیره آب در استان مازندران، آب­بندان می­باشد. آب­بندان در واقع یک استخر ذخیره خاکی و بسیار بزرگ است که از گود کردن و خاک­برداری یک محدوده و ریختن و کوبیدن و ایجاد دیواره دور این محدوده به وجود میآید. آب­های مازاد در فصول غیرزراعی Moreیکی از سازه­های ذخیره آب در استان مازندران، آب­بندان می­باشد. آب­بندان در واقع یک استخر ذخیره خاکی و بسیار بزرگ است که از گود کردن و خاک­برداری یک محدوده و ریختن و کوبیدن و ایجاد دیواره دور این محدوده به وجود میآید. آب­های مازاد در فصول غیرزراعی در آب­بندان­­­ها ذخیره می­شود و در فصول زراعی از آن بهره­برداری می­شود. با توجه به اینکه اکثر آب­بندان­­­ها از قدمت زیادی برخوردار هستند و با وسایل مقدماتی احداث شده­اند دارای عمق کمی می­باشند و دیواره­های آنها از استحکام کافی برخوردار نمی­باشد و با بارش سنگین باران احتمال تخریب دیواره و بروز خسارات وجود دارد؛ و همچنین میزان هدررفت آب از طریق نشت زیاد می­باشد و با ورود رسوبات حجم ذخیره آب در آب­بندانها کاهش یافته است، بنابراین با توجه به موارد ذکر شده آب­بندان­ها نیاز مبرم به لایروبی، افزایش عمق مخزن، تحکیم و تثبیت دیواره دارند. در این تحقیق 7 آب­بندان در سطح استان با مساحت 690 هکتار در نظر گرفته شد و تاثیر بهسازی آنها بر افزایش حجم ذخیره آب و افزایش مهار آبهای سطحی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که پس از بهسازی، حجم ذخیره این 7 آب­بندان 35/19 میلیون مترمکعب افزایش یافت. یعنی برای هر هکتار آب­بندان حجم ذخیره پس از بهسازی بطور متوسط، 28043 مترمکعب افزایش می­یابد. که این افزایش حجم ذخیره برای هر هکتار آب­بندان معادل 7/185 درصد می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Investigating the relationship between superficial and in-depth study approaches With self-centered learning skills
habibeh najafi The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the superficial and deep approaches of study with self-directed learning skills among teacher education students. The method of this research is correlation. The statistical population i More The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the superficial and deep approaches of study with self-directed learning skills among teacher education students. The method of this research is correlation. The statistical population includes 430 students of Teacher Training in Tabriz in 2018. A sample of 272 people was estimated using the Kerjesi-Morgan table that were selected through simple random sampling method. The data gathering tool consists of two standard questionnaires: self-centered learning skills questionnaire–Tran (2009) and the study approach questionnaire–Biggs, Kember and Leung (2001). The second questionnaire was modified in 2011 in Turkey by Ilymas and Orhan. The statistical tests used in this research are Anova, T-test and independent groups, Pearson correlation coefficient. Data were analyzed using Spss 20 software. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the deep study approach and self-centered learning skills (r = 0.320). But there is a negative and significant relationship between the surface study approach to self-centered learning skills (r = -0.282). The results of t-test showed that self-centered learning skills and surface study approach have significant differences between men and women (p < 0.05). Anova results showed that there is no significant difference between the different groups of teacher education students about the measurement scales (p > 0.05). The in-depth study can lead to increased self-directed learning skills and educational authorities should take the necessary steps to promote this approach in teacher training centers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - Review the story of Sshamseh and Ghahghaheh on the theoty of Genette narratives
ferasat dezhdah davood mohammadiIn recent decades, narrative and narrative have become a relatively new debate in literary criticism. People like Vladimir Prop, uh. Jay Gromas and Tzutan Todorov are pioneers of the constructivist approach. Influenced theory-writers such as Gerard Gent.. The theory of MoreIn recent decades, narrative and narrative have become a relatively new debate in literary criticism. People like Vladimir Prop, uh. Jay Gromas and Tzutan Todorov are pioneers of the constructivist approach. Influenced theory-writers such as Gerard Gent.. The theory of genes is based on five pivotal concepts that include order, continuity, frequency, aspect and toneWe examined these five principles of genius on the story of lullaby and lilac-from the popular book of Al-Qalub - as a narrative of the tenth century, with a library and analytical approach. To discover the feasibility and validity of narratives through the analysis and analysis of the text, and to grasp the coherent structure of the narrative of the effect.The results of this study, after reviewing and adapting the text to Genet's theory, state that, in terms of time, the text is not linear, the narrative is straightforward, events are going on with characters. In the discussion of continuity, due to the attention of the author in all parts of the story, the description of events and the detailed description of events are negative, and this trend continues until the end of the story.. Frequency is also frequent, which emphasizes the goals of the author in the story of the story. The narrator is the wise, the type of focalization of that variable and the personality of the story is dependent. At first, the story has the first person tone, but in episodic narratives it continues with third person narratives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Proposing an alternative method for the design of air ductworks through coding in EES software
Iman ZahmatkeshIn the design of air ductworks, a permissible velocity for air in the main branch is taken firstly. Then, according to this velocity and flow rate in the main branch, the diameter of the duct and the corresponding head loss are computed. Here, for the rectangular ducts, MoreIn the design of air ductworks, a permissible velocity for air in the main branch is taken firstly. Then, according to this velocity and flow rate in the main branch, the diameter of the duct and the corresponding head loss are computed. Here, for the rectangular ducts, the dimensions are found taking into account the limitations in the height of the duct. Thereafter, the diameter of the duct (or the dimensions of the rectangular duct) are calculated in other branches according to the flow rate in each branch as well as the head loss in the main branch. Finally, the fan head is obtained based on the head loss in the branches having the highest losses. It is obvious that change in the conditions in accompanied with the repetition of the computations. To remove this shortcoming, in this work, an alternative method is proposed through coding in the EES software. In this method, the branches are input to the code once. Then, with any changes in the conditions, the code is required to be run once more. To demonstrate the suitability of this method, it is utilized here for the design of a typical ductwork. Thereafter, a parametric analysis is undertaken to examine the effects of the duct height as well as the velocity on the main branch on the area of the consumed plate. This analysis is based on the response surface method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Optimizing the conjunctive use of Surface and underground water resources and its impact on the environment (Case Study of the central city of Gorgan
MAHMOOD ZAKERINIRI SEYIDERFAN HOSSINI SEYIDEMAD HOSSINI ATA OLLAH NAJAFI JEILANIAn integrative operating system consists of a surface water subsystem and groundwater subsystem. To satisfy water demands, these subsystems interact with each other. They will act as two parallel tanks that they can use each other's storage volume through sending the op MoreAn integrative operating system consists of a surface water subsystem and groundwater subsystem. To satisfy water demands, these subsystems interact with each other. They will act as two parallel tanks that they can use each other's storage volume through sending the operating commands. This paper presents a simulation-optimization model for designing dimensions as a mass form whose components include periodic series.For more accurate results, water status relating to two years with eight seasons, in the first year, the amount of water was more than the second year, have also been studied. In this method, simulation method is placed in optimized model so that it forms a simulation-optimization model. The results, which were based nonliner programming, revealed that release from the dam reservoir will not necessarily be similar to non-consolidated model. Also based on the other results, we can refer to the optimized design of model components such as dams and wells and optimal usage command. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Risk assessment of pollution accidents in dam reservoirs, Using WRASTIC Model (Case study: Shafarood Dam, Guilan, Iran)
Hamed Hassanpour Kourandeh Ebrahim FataeiNowadays, important parts of water requirements for various sectors of agricultural, potable and industrial aresupplied from surface water resources. Population growth and civilization and also, industrial and agriculturaldevelopments increased the risk of water resourc MoreNowadays, important parts of water requirements for various sectors of agricultural, potable and industrial aresupplied from surface water resources. Population growth and civilization and also, industrial and agriculturaldevelopments increased the risk of water resources pollution. So, application of appropriate methods for themanagement of surface water quality seems necessary to consider. In this research, the risk of Shafarood damwhich is located in Guilan(northern Iranian province) was examined in the phase. In this study according to thehydrologic characteristics of the basin, potential of its pollution acceptance against contaminants were zoning.For this purpose, WRASTIC model and GIS were used. Required data for this model were collected by threeresearch methods of surveys, studies, and documents and use of experts opinions. So at the beginning, the fieldstudies were performed for identification of the study area. The next step was identification of pollutionresources influencing on Shafarood dam basin. The identified pollution resources were recorded by GPS, then,the pollution resources map was prepared by GIS software. Finally, the risk value of pollution resources wascalculated by WRASTIC model and according to major indicators, extent of the area and land usage. The riskvalue obtained from model calculations showed the moderate to high risk level caused by human and naturalactivities at this hydrological environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Study of Microfaunistic of foraminifera in Holocene surface sediments of the Asalouyeh area – persian Gulf
معصومه Molaei معصومه Sohrabi-Molahoseini سارا Kahrobaei-MonfaredConsidering the economic importance of this region, for the first time some studies on superficial sediments(deposits) foraminifera were carried out in this region. Purpose of these studies was to investigate effect ofenvironmental changes on foraminifera and to use the MoreConsidering the economic importance of this region, for the first time some studies on superficial sediments(deposits) foraminifera were carried out in this region. Purpose of these studies was to investigate effect ofenvironmental changes on foraminifera and to use them as bio-indices in diagnosis of contaminations. In thestudies regarding foraminifera, 12 genus and14 species were identified and foraminifera with hyaline lime shellhad the greatest frequency. The main identified collection is: Ammonia beccarii Linne.And the speciesaccompanying this collection are: Amphistegina lessonii, Elphidiom crispum, Elphidiom craticulatum,Triloculina tricarinata, Quniqueloculina seminulum, Ammonia parkinsoniana, Eponides repandus, Dendritinaambigua After foraminifera with hyaline lime shell, foraminifera with selenosis progeny shell were ranked nextin terms of frequency. However, foraminifera with agglutinated shell were not observed in this region. Ingeneral, the obtained results from mineralogy studies on deposits of the ebb and flow area is the evidence thatmajor part of the sediments are related to continental environment of the detrital deposit type. In sectionecological studies, water's physicochemical factors are measured. Based on these studies, increase of water'stemperature and salinity results in decrease of solution oxygen in water and water's acidity degree. However, ingeneral, water's acidity fluctuation is slight and insignificant. The most important physicochemical factoraffecting development of foraminifera is amount of solution oxygen in water which controls their frequency anddiversity. Precipitation of oil carbohydrates and other contaminators produced by petrochemical activities in theregion ruins the bio-environment, reduces solution oxygen, and gives rise to release of heavy and toxic metals(mercury and lead) from solid state to liquid which leaves numerous negative effects on marine andenvironmental ecosystem Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Investigating the effect of soil layering on the pressure and acceleration on the underground habitats against the waves caused by surface explosion
Parham Mehdipour Ghazvini Vahid Hosseinitoudeshki Mohammad Hossein Noori GheidariThe response of underground habitats to loading from a surface explosion is a major issue in environmental Protection. Underground habitats are often found in small and large caves, as well as in the form of groundwater aquifers under mountain ranges and in various part MoreThe response of underground habitats to loading from a surface explosion is a major issue in environmental Protection. Underground habitats are often found in small and large caves, as well as in the form of groundwater aquifers under mountain ranges and in various parts of the globe. So far, many studies have been carried out on various parameters such as ground response, structure response, field experiments, etc. However, there are still many unknown and vague aspects of the explosion and its impact on the soil and structure environment. In this study, the effect of soil layering on the safety of an underground habitat has been investigated in terms of acceleration value and pressure transfer on it. Autodine software has been used to model the underground habitat, and two Lagrangian and Eulerian environments have been considered. The chosen explosive charge in this study is 52.16 kg of TNT, and the data is recorded using the gauges enclosed in the model. The results show that the presence of a sandy clay layer in the surface has transferd the more pressure to the next layer and led to the deterioration of the situation. Also, the presence of dry sand clay under the sand layer has increased the acceleration value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - The relationship between the use of land cover and urban thermal islands using Landsat 8: Case study of Sanandaj
loqman rahimiGrowing population growth (including natural increase and migration) and rapid industrial growth are one of the main causes of global climate change. Today, the most important problem in urban areas is the increase in surface temperature due to changes in natural levels MoreGrowing population growth (including natural increase and migration) and rapid industrial growth are one of the main causes of global climate change. Today, the most important problem in urban areas is the increase in surface temperature due to changes in natural levels. In urban areas, depending on the type of land and vegetation used, areas with different temperatures develop from other areas. In this research, to answer the question how different types of the urban usage affect the creation of high temperature areas with the aim of understanding the temperature difference between different regions of the city and the surrounding area in order to provide a thermal island map in Sanandaj, discharge and surface temperature in Sanandaj was estimated using Landsat 8 satellite data by Jenks method in the summer and autumn. For this purpose, Envi and Arc GIS software were used, and finally, changes in surface temperature were evaluated in comparison to against land uses, and the role of each user in the creation of surface temperature was determined. The results of the research showed that Bayer land, industrial and urban facilities have the highest temperature and commercial applications and the green space has the lowest temperature, a result, the influence of urban utilization in the emergence of the current thermal conditions in Sanandaj (indicates the relationship between the type of user and the surface temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Preparation of surfactant modified inorganic nanofibers for the removal of oily compounds from water
Elnaz Doshanbeh pourOily compounds threat people’s health and aquatic life due to their toxic nature. In this project, surfactant grafted functionalized mesoporous silica nanofiber with the aim of separating the oil spillage was synthesized. Firstly, the electrospun mesoporous silica MoreOily compounds threat people’s health and aquatic life due to their toxic nature. In this project, surfactant grafted functionalized mesoporous silica nanofiber with the aim of separating the oil spillage was synthesized. Firstly, the electrospun mesoporous silica nanofiber was functionalized by [3-(2, 3- Epoxypropoxy)-propyl]-trimethoxysilane in an alkali condition. Secondly, the 4-nonylphenol as a surfactant was grafted onto the surface of functionalized mesoporous silica nanofiber. The grafting yield of surfactant on the surface of functionalized mesoporous silica nanofiber was evaluated. Then by using the BET analysis, the nanofibre surface area was investigated, and finally, optimum conditions with respect to the grafting yield of 4-nonylphenol and BET analysis were reported. In order to characterize the synthesized nanofibers, FTIR, SEM, and AFM analyses were used. The pore size distribution of synthesized nanofibers was investigated by the BJH method.The results showed that the [3-(2, 3- Epoxypropoxy)-propyl]-trimethoxysilane and surfactant were attached to the nanofiber surface through the covalent linkages. SEM images exhibited the deposition of a dense layer on the surface of grafted nanofibers. Moreover, AFM analysis revealed that the surface of the nanofiber became rough after the functionalization and grafting processes. In order to evaluate the superhydrophobic properties of nanofibers, contact angle analyses were investigated. The synthesized absorbent showed a high absorption capacity of 128.1 and 102.3 g/g for heavy motor oil and diesel fuel, respectively. The absorbed oil was easily removed by vacuum filtration and the nanofiber could be reused for several cycles while keeping high absorption capacity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Effects of clay minerals in soil pollution
Peyman Azizi In addition to providing nutrients, soil also has a purifying property. This characteristic of the soil is obtained as a result of the physical (infiltration and movement of water through the pores), chemical (surface absorption, etc.) and biological properties o More In addition to providing nutrients, soil also has a purifying property. This characteristic of the soil is obtained as a result of the physical (infiltration and movement of water through the pores), chemical (surface absorption, etc.) and biological properties of the soil (decomposition and decay of organic matter). Clay minerals are cation exchangers and have an important effect on the storage capacity and mobility of heavy metals in the soil. There is a positive relationship between cation exchange capacity and heavy metal absorption. Kaolinite mineral does not show a significant correlation with the amount of heavy metals and forms the weakest cation-clay bond. Studies have shown that there are no polluting elements with this mineral. Minerals of the smectite group are strong cation exchangers and their presence can affect the mobility of toxic elements. Studies confirm the positive correlation between the presence of vermiculite and heavy metals, which is probably due to the higher specific levels and bonding capacity of this type of mineral. Minerals that have variable electric charge, such as iron and aluminum oxides, which have various charges from positive to negative depending on soil pH, have a large storage capacity. Surface absorption and release of heavy metals in soils is significantly controlled by the amount and proportion of secondary oxide minerals. Therefore, phyllosilicate and oxide clay minerals are effective as a surface absorbing agent for the correction and treatment of potential environmental pollution, and the capacity of trapping and surface absorption of heavy metals by them can be an important parameter for evaluating the geochemical vulnerability of an ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - RSM in Analysis of Energy Absorption of thin-walled conical groove tubes filled with polyurethane foam
بتول سرکبیری علی جهان محمد جواد رضوانیAbstractEnergy absorbers are used in various – especially in the automotive – industries as a solution to reduce the damages stroke on the passengers, and to enhance automobile safety. Nowadays, thin-walled tubes as one of the most efficient energy absorptio MoreAbstractEnergy absorbers are used in various – especially in the automotive – industries as a solution to reduce the damages stroke on the passengers, and to enhance automobile safety. Nowadays, thin-walled tubes as one of the most efficient energy absorption systems have found increasing applications. In this study, energy absorption parameters is performed to investigate the impacts of designing variables related to thin-walled conical groove tubes using finite element analysis. However, since the output of these studies depends to methods of designing computational experiments, the design of experiments technique (DOE) is used in this study along with the finite element analysis. For this purpose a conical aluminium tube filled with polyurethane foam is simulated that the grooves are designed with a given distance on the inside and outside surfaces under quasi-static load. Objectives of the design include the specific energy absorption e (SEA), and designing variables including conical angle, grooves distance, foam density, groove depth, and tube thickness. response surface methodology (RSM) showed that the tube thickness foam density, groove depth and grooves distance, respectively and linearly relate to the amount of specific energy absorption These results can be helpful in the design of thin-walled tubes with different conical geometries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Investigation of energy absorption in shock absorbers of grooved circular using response surface
شیما شهروی محمد جواد رضوانی علی جهانThe main objective of this research is improving the design and performance of the polyurethane foam-filled thin-walled aluminum grooved circular tubes. The tubes are shaped with the inner and the outer circular grooves at different positions along the axis. In this stu MoreThe main objective of this research is improving the design and performance of the polyurethane foam-filled thin-walled aluminum grooved circular tubes. The tubes are shaped with the inner and the outer circular grooves at different positions along the axis. In this study, the effects of the grooves distance, tube diameter, grooves depth, foam density, and tube thickness are investigated on the Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) of grooved circular tubes. finite-element analysis (FEA) and response surface methodology (RSM) is carried out for crush force efficiency. Finite-element analysis is performed with design of experiments technique (DOE) at the different combinations of the design parameters. The results of RSM indicate that SEA is related to the grooves distance, tube diameter, tube thickness of the groove and groove depth, by a quadratic model. Moreover, the effects of the interaction between the grooves distance - the foam density and the grooves distance - the tube diameter on the SEA was significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - perimental Study on the Performance of a New Type Solar Air Heater with Cross-Corrugated Surface on Different Environmental Conditions
نادر رهبر محمد جوادی نیا ایزدی پژمان ظهوریان ایزدیIn This paper, the effect of using cross-corrugated surface as an absorber plate in a solar air collector was experimentally investigated. Black plate geometries of air heater was V-type, while some vertical baffles were used to conduct air flow between surfaces. With t MoreIn This paper, the effect of using cross-corrugated surface as an absorber plate in a solar air collector was experimentally investigated. Black plate geometries of air heater was V-type, while some vertical baffles were used to conduct air flow between surfaces. With these modification turbulence regime and heat transfer enhancement were achieved. A centrifugal fan was also used to produce 0.003-0.01 kg/s air flow. Moreover different position angles (30, 45 and 90 degrees) were used to evaluate the performance of the system. The results showed that with these modification the Nusselt number was 5 times greater than before. Furthermore, a new correlation was proposed which has a good accuracy in estimation of Nu number. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - The Effect of Nozzle Diameter and Water Pressure On Cutting CK45 Steel Quality in Water Jet Process
Unes Anamoradi Mehrdad Ozv AminianCold cutting properties is one of the advantages of abrasive water jet usage that does not generate heat and prevent melting or cracking or warping and surface hardening of the parts. In this study, the effect of nozzle diameter and water pressure in two different amoun MoreCold cutting properties is one of the advantages of abrasive water jet usage that does not generate heat and prevent melting or cracking or warping and surface hardening of the parts. In this study, the effect of nozzle diameter and water pressure in two different amounts has considered on CK45 steel cutting surface roughness. The results show that by increasing the nozzle diameter of 0.76mm to 1.1mm, cutting surface roughness. Also by increasing water pressure from 2500 bar to 3000 bar, although there is no significant change in surface quality, but cutting surface roughness has decreased by increasing water pressure and cutting quality increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Design And Numerical Analysis of Propeller for Khazar Dredger
احد عابدینی سهیل اسدیIn this article, using a central composite design response surface methodology is that design of the optimal propeller geometry for khazar dredger will be discussed. B_Wageningen standard series is designed propeller-type licenses. To verify the performance and Check no MoreIn this article, using a central composite design response surface methodology is that design of the optimal propeller geometry for khazar dredger will be discussed. B_Wageningen standard series is designed propeller-type licenses. To verify the performance and Check non-occurrence of cavitation ,the propeller designed using Computational Fluid Dynamics, numerical modeling and compare with B_Wageningen series. The results show the ability of response surface methodology in finding the optimal geometry propeller. Numerical solution of fluid flow, to prove non-occurrence of cavitation in the propeller designed for kazar dredger. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Parameters change effect of cutting tool diameter, depth of cut and feed rate in the process of turbine blade 4 axis milling on the roughness and surface texture
Amir Alinaghizadeh Behrouz Norouzi Ali FarahmandiAlways in the production of turbine blades tried use less of secondary operations. Such as for increasing the quality of surface finishing that reduces the level of geometric accuracy. Accordingly in this paper, improvement of roughness and surface texture turbine blade MoreAlways in the production of turbine blades tried use less of secondary operations. Such as for increasing the quality of surface finishing that reduces the level of geometric accuracy. Accordingly in this paper, improvement of roughness and surface texture turbine blade directly with the optimization of machining parameters is been studied. Variable parameters of this research include tool diameter, depth of cut and feed rate. Experimental work by using a four-axis CNC milling machine was done on turbine blade aluminum. Experimental work by using four-axis CNC milling machine and the turbine blade was aluminum. Design of experimental was full factorial and All permutations of variable parameters been implemented. The surface roughness of machined areas by using surface roughness tester and the texture was examined using a stereo microscope. By using roughness tester, surface roughness of machined areas was measured. Form of surface texture was examined by a stereo microscope. Finally, by comparing data the best mode was introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Size- dependent static displacement analysis of nanotube under electrostatic force with different boundary conditions
abbas zandi baghche maryam سید علی موسویIn present study, size- dependent static displacement analysis of nanotube under electrostatic force with considering the surface effects and different boundary conditions is investigated. The results of this analysis are obtained for four different boundary conditions, MoreIn present study, size- dependent static displacement analysis of nanotube under electrostatic force with considering the surface effects and different boundary conditions is investigated. The results of this analysis are obtained for four different boundary conditions, namely pinned-pinned, fixed- fixed, fixed- pinned and fixed- free. Also, the nanotube is subjected to magnetic field, electrostatic actuation, mechanical and thermal force. In the investigation, the governing equation of motion are achieved using the Eringen's theory and this equation is calculated by using the weighted residual method. Also, velocity of fluid, length scale parameter, magnetic field, electrostatically voltage, effect of surface layer and different boundary conditions on the static displacements has been studied. Finally, the validity of the results by comparing them with the results of the numerical methods in previous research is investigated, in which there is very good agreement between the results of the present work and previous studies. It is obvious that the structural stiffness is increased with increases in the effect of surface layer and the static displacements increase with the increases of the velocity of fluid. In addition, it is shown that the stiffness of nanotube and the dimensionless static displacements, respectively, is decreased and increased with increases in the length scale parameter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Study on Young's Modulus, Fracture toughness & Energy of Composites Reinforced by ZnO Nanoparticles through Regression Tree, ANN & RSM
abdorreza alavi gharahbagh Ali dadrasi sasan folladpanjehA study on fracture toughness (KIC), fracture energy (GIC) and Young's modulus of styrene acrylonitrile composites by two volume content of 24% and 34% acrylonitrile has been conducted. ZnO nanoparticles were added to composites up to 1 vt%. Volume percent parameter has MoreA study on fracture toughness (KIC), fracture energy (GIC) and Young's modulus of styrene acrylonitrile composites by two volume content of 24% and 34% acrylonitrile has been conducted. ZnO nanoparticles were added to composites up to 1 vt%. Volume percent parameter has been described as a sensational parameter. The experimental results indicate that adding ZnO nanoparticles increase the mechanical properties and in some cases, it decreases them. Also the experimental results and the results of modeling show that the second order response surface method makes the best prediction. Additionally, the best value for Fracture toughness is 2.283 MPa.m1/2 when the volume percent of styrene acrylonitrile is 34% and volume percent of ZnO is 0.1%. Also, the best value for fracture energy is equal to 1101 J/m2, when the volume percent of styrene acrylonitrile is 34% and the volume percent of ZnO is 0.33%. And finally, this method shows that the best value for Young's modulus is 4.281 GPa when the volume percent of styrene acrylonitrile is 31% And volume percent of the particle is 0.5%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Investigation and Optimization Of the Parameters Affecting the Strength Of Nd:YAG Pulsed Laser Spot Welding in Steel Sheet Using Design Of Expriment
Abbasali Habibollahi Nasrollah Bani mostafa Arab Ali Dehghani Amir AlinaghizadehWelding plays an important role in manufacturing and it is a reliable and efficient joining process in which the coalescence of metals is achieved by fusion. Nowdays welding is as the main and most common process for joint of metals. Among the welding methods, Laser Bea MoreWelding plays an important role in manufacturing and it is a reliable and efficient joining process in which the coalescence of metals is achieved by fusion. Nowdays welding is as the main and most common process for joint of metals. Among the welding methods, Laser Beam Welding) has the potential of welding very small and precise components. Localized heating with solidification of the melt, makes the connection between parts. In this thesis, laser spot welding process, which is one of the varieties of LBW process, is studied. In fact the laser spot welding is a simple type of laser welding that is widely used in various industries. The low strength of joints can damage structures. Therefore it is important that the strength of the joint be estimated and optimized. In this research, investigation and optimization of the laser spot welding process using design of experiments and response surface method is considered. Three parameters (peak power, pulse duration and thickness) of the process at three levels were the input factors. Material of sheets that was used in this research is AISI 304 stainless steel. The response or output factor was tensile - shear strength. Minitab16 software was used for design of experiments and analysis of the results. Finally, results showed that increase the peak power until 4250 watt and pulse duration until 3/5 millisecond provide the most tensile - shear strength (2200 Kg), and Square of thickness has the most negative effect on tensile shear strength of the joint. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Vibration analysis and control of cantilever micro-beam integrated piezoelectric actuator and sensor layers considering surface effects
seyedali Eftekhari Mohammad KhajeKhabaz mohamad HashemianNowadays, accurate prediction of micro structure vibration and dynamic behavior have been considered by many researchers. In this work, vibration analysis and control of cantilever micro-beam integrated with piezoelectric actuator and sensor layers considering surface e MoreNowadays, accurate prediction of micro structure vibration and dynamic behavior have been considered by many researchers. In this work, vibration analysis and control of cantilever micro-beam integrated with piezoelectric actuator and sensor layers considering surface effects have been investigated. Hamilton’s principle and Energy method are used to derive governing partial differential equation of the motion. GDQM is applied to discretize the PDE into the ordinary differential equation. The effects of system geometry, Young’s modules of surface stress, surface residual stress and surface mass density on natural frequency are analyzed. Also, the effect of linear optimal controller design on dynamic the response time and piezoelectric control voltage has been evaluated. Results indicate that respond on model increases and vibration amplitude decreases faster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Numerical Simulation of Pool Boiling Heat Transfer, Focusing On Surface Structural Characteristics In ANSYS Fluent: A review
Ermia Zargham Mohammad Hassan Nobakhti morteza khayatMultiphase flows, such as pool boiling, are complex multi-physical -multi-scale problems that require a multitude of numerical techniques to solve different physics combined for a specific set of flow parameters and different regimes. For this reason, a well-established MoreMultiphase flows, such as pool boiling, are complex multi-physical -multi-scale problems that require a multitude of numerical techniques to solve different physics combined for a specific set of flow parameters and different regimes. For this reason, a well-established numerical solution for well-validated predictive simulations has not yet been clearly defined. The main purpose of this study is to summarize the methods and basic principles of numerical simulation of pool boiling and explain all the steps of its implementation in ANSYS Fluent software in a clear and transparent manner. In this research, the details of numerical models and the results obtained for the nucleate boiling regime are presented to analyze the single bubble dynamics and calculate the critical heat flux. Heat flux is also included. The results of this study show that numerical simulations have a relatively good agreement with laboratory and experimental data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Identification of Geothermal Regions by Examining Vegetation Changes Under Stress By Using of ETM + Sensor and ASTER Sensor (Case Study, Khoy Township)
Tajadin karami kamal rassouli Vahid isazade esmail isazadeThermal remote sensing, as a branch of remote sensing science plays an important role in environmental studies. Thermal sensing is one of the new and low cost methods against ground surveys in remote areas, which provides valuable information from the study area to rese MoreThermal remote sensing, as a branch of remote sensing science plays an important role in environmental studies. Thermal sensing is one of the new and low cost methods against ground surveys in remote areas, which provides valuable information from the study area to researchers in the shortest time. It is possible to prepare a surface temperature map to identify areas prone to geothermal and plant stress by using an infrared thermal band. Which provides the basis for further exploratory studies. In this research, we used the ETM + and ASTER sensors to map the vegetation anomalies using the NDVI index of Khoy city. And plant seasonal variations were examined. Two datasets, one in early summer 2002 and the other in late summer and fall 2002, were derived from Landsat 7 data. By calculating the LST for the ETM + sensor, in this study, changes beyond the normal seasonal changes were considered as thermal anomalies. Also, by calculating the surface temperature by ASTER data, the surface manifestations of these anomalies under dense vegetation were revealed. MODIS sensor images were used to validate LST calculated by ASTER sensor and NDVI and ALI were calculated using it. The results of the present study showed that the identification of geothermal regions has a good spatial correlation with plant stress in Khoy city. ETM + and ASTER sensors, due to their high resolution in the infrared thermal band, 60 meters and 90 meters, respectively, are suitable sensors for calculating the surface temperature and detecting thermal anomalies. Therefore, the image difference method in this study was not a suitable method and did not show good results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Evaluation Remote sensing of land use effects on land surface temperature gradient using Landsat images: Case study: Kharestan Watershed
Abbasali vali abolfazl ranjbar marzieh mokarram farideh taripanahSeveral factors affect the temperature gradient of the Land surface, one of the factors affecting human activities is land use changes that can lead to global temperature changes. Land surface temperature changes affect the natural climate of the region, so understandin MoreSeveral factors affect the temperature gradient of the Land surface, one of the factors affecting human activities is land use changes that can lead to global temperature changes. Land surface temperature changes affect the natural climate of the region, so understanding its changes and balancing it is essential to understand the indirect effects of human intervention on ecosystems and their management. The aim of this study is to investigate land use, land surface temperature characteristics in each land use as well as correlation between land surface temperature variations and normalized difference index (NDVI). In this study, land use, land temperature and NDVI analysis was used from Landsat 5TM in 1990, 2010, ETM7 2000, and 8OLI for 2017. Land use was studied using supervised classification method. The results showed that the amount of land surface temperature in each land use was different and the maximom amount was found in the bare soil and in the built areas and the lowest in the garden. The difference in land surface temperature between built areas with vegetation in the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2017 was 3.58, 2.27, 3.20 and 2.12 ° C, respectively. Also, the difference in temperature between bare soil with vegetation cover in these four periods was 3/3, 0.8, 0.81 and 2.38 ° C respectively. In this study, the relationship between NDVI and surface temperature showed a negative correlation, so that areas with low NDVI had higher temperatures than those with high NDVI. The relationship between vegetation changes and surface temperature changes showed a significant correlation between these two parameters (R = 0.63). Therefore, it can be stated that land uses with more vegetation have lower temperatures than land uses with less cover. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Effect of urban construction on the temperature of the earth's surface (case study: Sahand New City)
Firouz jafaria shiva sattarzadehFollowing the increase in population and the growth of urbanization in recent decades, natural landscapes are being transformed into human landscapes and urban open spaces are being transformed into built-up areas. The purpose of this research is the changes made in urb MoreFollowing the increase in population and the growth of urbanization in recent decades, natural landscapes are being transformed into human landscapes and urban open spaces are being transformed into built-up areas. The purpose of this research is the changes made in urban constructions and the excessive increase of buildings and their relationship with the surface temperature of the earth using Landsat satellite from 2005 to 2020 for the new city of Sahand. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and Global Human Settlement, Built-Up (GHSL) layers related to Landsat images of OLI/TIRS sensor in Google Earth Engine system have been used. The best results for the index of built-up complications were obtained with an accuracy rate of 79.97%, which was considered as the best method for extracting construction phenomena. While in 2010, it shows 45.32%, and the lowest rate of construction development is related to 2005, which showed 16.98%. The highest average air temperature for the LST image from 2010 to 2020 shows more than 16 degrees. In this year, the highest air temperature on the surface of the earth has coincided with the peripheral areas, built buildings and the northwestern parts of the new city of Sahand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Bioethanol production from starch by glucose cerevisiae assessed with Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Ali Kazemi mohamad sadegh davari mahsa shokri foad naeem abadi mosareza mohamadiSaccaromyces cerevisiae has many different uses such as baker's yeast and bioethanol production. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a complex of statistical techniques for experimental model creation. In this study was done to determination of optimal condition of bi MoreSaccaromyces cerevisiae has many different uses such as baker's yeast and bioethanol production. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a complex of statistical techniques for experimental model creation. In this study was done to determination of optimal condition of bioethanol production from starch by yeast using RSM. Initially saccaromyces cerevisiae was proliferated on agar then by α-amylase, dextranase and amyloglucosidase respectively, then starch 5% was hydrolyzed to glucose. 250 cc glucose was put at 30 C° and velocity of 150 rpm for 36 h. Bioethanol quantity was evaluated by dichromate oxidation and ethanol measurement methods and temperature, time and pH variables were considered at 25-98 C°, 1 to 6 weeks and 3 to7, respectively. The highest bioethanol production was 12.5 ml at 30 C°, pH 4 also at 80 C°, pH 7 for 5 weeks. The lowest bioethanol production was 3 ml at 98 C°, pH 7 for 1 week which was practically compatible. Regarding the results, RSM method has many benefits such as increase in efficiency of chemical reactions, prevention of wasting raw material, time, money and energy which could use in different biological reactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Vector control of induction motor using moving sliding mode fuzzy controller
saman ebrahimi boukani -
Open Access Article
297 - Design and simulation of a fast SAW waveguide with Comsol software
Hadi Amos Majid Ghandchi -
Open Access Article
298 - Selecting and Extracting Effective Features of SSVEP-based Brain-Computer Interface
Seyedeh Faezeh Teymouri Sendesi -
Open Access Article
299 - Providing a hybrid method for face detection, gender recognition, facial landmarks localization and pose estimation using deep learning to improve accuracy
peyman jabraelzadeh Asghar charmin Mohsen Ebadpore -
Open Access Article
300 - Optical Excitation of Surface Plasmon Polariton in Thin Gold, silver and Copper Metal Layers and Measuring the Metal Layer
Behnam Kazempour -
Open Access Article
301 - Calculation of Reflection Loss in Fundamental TE Mode Versus Angle of Tilted End Facet of Superluminescent Light Emitting Diodes
Mohammad Hosein Salman Yengejeh nasser moslehi milani -
Open Access Article
302 - Design of fuzzy sliding mode controller with moving sliding surface for robot manipulator
saman ebrahimi boukani -
Open Access Article
303 - The Combinational Use Of Knowledge-Based Methods and Morphological Image Processing in Color Image Face Detection
Sima Emami1 Emami Ramin Meshkabadi -
Open Access Article
304 - Face Detection with methods based on color by using Artificial Neural Network
Reza Abbasgolizadeh Habib Izadkhah Ramin Meshkabadi -
Open Access Article
305 - Face Detection at the Low Light Environments
Mehdi Asadzadeh Arash Rikhtegar -
Open Access Article
306 - The Mechanical Design of Drowsiness Detection Using Color Based Features
Peyman jabraelzade Rahim parikhani -
Open Access Article
307 - Optimizing Surface Roughness of Nylon6/CaCO3 Nano-Composites Using Harmony Search Algorithm
Shahab Mohammadi Reza Farshbaf Zinati MohammadReza Razfar -
Open Access Article
308 - Face Recognition using Eigenfaces , PCA and Supprot Vector Machines
Parvaneh Shayghan Gharamaleki Hadi Seyedarabi -
Open Access Article
309 - Identification of Building Façade Functions by Using Fuzzy TOPSIS Technique
Paria Akbari Seyed Abbas Yazdanfar Seyed Bagher Hosseini Saeid Norouzian-Maleki -
Open Access Article
310 - Islamic revolution of Iran in the context of the difference between the attitude of present science and positivist perception
Bahamn Kohantorabi mojtaba atarzadeh alirreza golshaniThe present research was conducted with the aim of examining a part of the theoretical foundations of two positivist approaches and presence thinking in Iran after the Islamic Revolution, with a comparative method. This essay raises the question that what was the common MoreThe present research was conducted with the aim of examining a part of the theoretical foundations of two positivist approaches and presence thinking in Iran after the Islamic Revolution, with a comparative method. This essay raises the question that what was the common denominator in the design of positivist attitudes and present science during the Islamic revolution? It assumes: Both approaches have presented the political and social theory leading to their desired governance model in response to the basic needs of the nascent revolutionary system, while explaining the epistemological foundations. The findings of this research show that the first approach, while modeling western modern knowledge with the link of democracy and religion, introduces its governance model as a religious democratic government, but the second approach, in the light of serious criticism towards the West and modernity, with an emphasis on thinking and science Hozuri chooses the Islamic government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Improving Face Recognition Rate Based on Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Difference of Gaussian
Sahar Iranpour Mobarakeh Mehran Emadi -
Open Access Article
312 - Comparison of Different Linear Filter Design Methods for Handling Ocular Artifacts in Brain Computer Interface System
Sahar Seifzadeh Karim Faez Mahmood Amiri -
Open Access Article
313 - Disguised Face Recognition by Using Local Phase Quantization and Singular Value Decomposition
Fatemeh Jafari Hamidreza Rashidy Kanan -
Open Access Article
314 - Modeling and Solution Procedure for a Preemptive Multi-Objective Multi-Mode Project Scheduling Model in Resource Investment Problems
Mostafa Salimi Amir Abbas Najafi -
Open Access Article
315 - An Efficient Economic-Statistical Design of Simple Linear Profiles Using a Hybrid Approach of Data Envelopment Analysis, Taguchi Loss Function, and MOPSO
Maryam Fazelimoghadam Mohammad Javad Ershadi Seyed Taghi Akhavan Niaki -
Open Access Article
316 - Social Networks as a Phenomenon of the Information Society
Anastasiia Bessarab Olha Mitchuk Anna Baranetska Natalia Kodatska Olha Kvasnytsia Galyna Mykytiv -
Open Access Article
317 - Reliability Modelling of the Redundancy Allocation Problem in the Series-parallel Systems and Determining the System Optimal Parameters
Mani Sharifi Mohsen Yaghoubizadeh -
Open Access Article
318 - Assessment of Tunnel Excavation on Surface Settlement
Meysam Kalhor -
Open Access Article
319 - Free vibration analysisof soft-core composite-faced sandwich plates using three-dimensional finite element method
Mohammad Mahdi Kheirikhah Hasan Aghabarati Pooneh Khosravi -
Open Access Article
320 - Assessment of Subsurface Explosion caused by Tunnel Construction in Urban Areas
Hossein Haghighimanesh Mohammad Azadi -
Open Access Article
321 - Analysis of the consumption of new media among women in Tehran(Case study: the extent and type the use of virtual social networks)
Akram Boorboor Somayeh Tajik EsmaeiliThe present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the use of virtual social networks among women in Tehran and also comparing the purposeful use of virtual social networks among them. the research design was descriptive and , the statistical population of the MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the use of virtual social networks among women in Tehran and also comparing the purposeful use of virtual social networks among them. the research design was descriptive and , the statistical population of the research includes all the women living in Tehran and the sample number is 303 women who answered the research questionnaires through google form. The findings of the research showed that Instagram (average 3.19) and Telegram (average 2.53) had relatively better status than Twitter (average 1.96) and Facebook (average 1.42). The results also showed that Tehrani women mostly use Telegram to receive information and gain knowledge and are at a weak level in terms of content production. Women mostly use Instagram pages and other people's personal experiences on Twitter to receive various trainings. Female Facebook users are more active in commenting for others. The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the use of virtual social networks among women in Tehran and also comparing the purposeful use of virtual social networks among them. Descriptive research method, the statistical population of the research includes all the women living in Tehran and the sample number is 303 women who answered the research questionnaires through google form. The findings of the research showed that Instagram (average 3.19) and Telegram (average 2.53) had relatively better status than Twitter (average 1.96) and Facebook (average 1.42). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - Emotional Management: A Step toward the Development of the Sociology of Emotions
Mohammad Abbaszadeh Akbar Talebpour Mahsa PanahshahiThe Transition from the second paradigm of economic to its third paradigm represents an evolution and transformation from industry to the service jobs, in which knowledge, information, communication and emotions play a major role. The recent developments in the sociolog MoreThe Transition from the second paradigm of economic to its third paradigm represents an evolution and transformation from industry to the service jobs, in which knowledge, information, communication and emotions play a major role. The recent developments in the sociology have also served to this economic transition; so that, the importance of such professions, especially, to which emotions are central can be understood by the emergence of sociologists such as Hochschild, Turner, Collins, Camper and … . So far, the sociocultural origins of emotions have been paid no attention and they were often studied in the psychological fields. Now, sociology is to compensate for these lacks and its significant works has shown how emotions are constructed by culture in different communities. Hochschild the most prominent theorist in this field claims that, we not only learn to manage our emotions, but also use the different strategies of managements (deep acting and surface acting) for selling our feelings and are paid for doing them. So, emotional labor has an exchange value and is regulated by emotional rules. Therefore, the present paper intends to take a step toward the development of this field of sociology by introducing the emotional management and its key concepts being discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - Sociological Studyof the relationship between Facebook Social Network and Fashionism in Women of Tabriz City
Samad Rasoulzadeh Aghdam Samad Adlipour Seyyed Ahmad MirmohammadtabarIn­ the presentage, modern information and communication technologies which have resulted in fading spatial and temporal borders, have caused the expansion of personal values among cultures which have the possibility of presenting more of these values in the world. MoreIn­ the presentage, modern information and communication technologies which have resulted in fading spatial and temporal borders, have caused the expansion of personal values among cultures which have the possibility of presenting more of these values in the world. Virtual social networks such as Facebook are among the most important instruments of promoting such cultural values in societies. In the present study the effect of Facebook Social Network on the fashionism of girls and women of the city of Tabriz is studied. The study was conducted using a survey research with the instrument of a researcher-made questionnaire distributed among 15 to45yearold women in Tabriz in 2014 with relying on the Structuration Theory of Giddens, Cultivation Theory, and Satisfaction Theory. The sampling method was the stratified sampling. Findings of the present study indicates that, there is a significant and positive correlation between the duration of membership of users in Facebook, the degree of using Facebook, purposive use of Facebook, the degree of participation and activity of users in Facebook and fashionism, and also, this social network plays a significant role in the tendency to fashionism among women and girls. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - The analysis of the relationship between the use of Facebook social network and gender identity among Tabriz University students
Pouyan Ehyayi Morteza Mobarak BakhshayeshThe communications revolution and globalization in present era have had a big impact on different aspects of human life of which the impact of internet and social networks on identities is the most important. New media especially internet with the change in the concepts MoreThe communications revolution and globalization in present era have had a big impact on different aspects of human life of which the impact of internet and social networks on identities is the most important. New media especially internet with the change in the concepts of time and space, change in the new forms of communication and introducing new identity references cause to the emergence of new identities and unstable mentalities. In this paper the between the impact of Facebook on youngers’ identity has been considered. It is a survey and the data gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire among Facebook users in Tabriz University in 92-93 educational years. The results show that, the users’ gender identity is affected by the membership in the Facebook. High and persistent use of Facebook can cause to gender identification disorder. Also, there is a meaningful relationship between gender and the use of Facebook. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - Phenomenological Analysis of the of Tabriz Women’s Tendency to Facebook Social Network
Samad Razoulzadeh Aghdam Samad Adlipour Hakimeh Malek AhmadiAt present time, with the outstanding entry of women and girls in the virtual space, internet and cyber social networks have had a lot of effects on them. One of the most important effects can be considered as the process of “womanization” (feminization) of MoreAt present time, with the outstanding entry of women and girls in the virtual space, internet and cyber social networks have had a lot of effects on them. One of the most important effects can be considered as the process of “womanization” (feminization) of modern media. Womenization (feminization) refers to the process of qualitative and quantitative expansion of the presence, roles, and influences of women and their desires, interests, and characteristics in different dimension and grounds of social, economic, political, and cultural life of the contemporary society. Therefore, the present study is to investigate the reasons for the presence of Tabriz women and girls in Facebook Social Network. The present study was conducted using the qualitative method and employing the phenomenological approach.The technique of deep semi-structured interview was employed for collecting data. Tabriz women aged from 18 to 30 years who were users of Facebook for at least two years were selected as the population. In fact, 16 women of these users were selected as sample using the purposive sampling method. From theanalysis of participants’ interviews, five major themes extracted as: “breakdown of limitations of the real world”, “breakdown of mental and personal limits”, “utilization of potentials of Facebook”, “not being behind of the caravan of technology”, and “adventure andcuriosity”. These five themes can be discussed in the components of “elimination of experienced and perceived limits” and “obtaining new opportunities”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - تاثیر یادگیری معکوس رو در رو در مقابل یادگیری معکوس آنلاین برمهارت گفتاری زبان آموزان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی دانشحویان ایرانی در سطح پایین تر از متوسط
مریم میرایی محمدی سید محمد علوی محمد خطیباگرچه یادگیری معکوس به عنوان روشی موثر به صورت ترکیبی و آنلاین مورد استفاده قرار گرفته، در زمینه مقایسه یادگیری دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی در مهارت گفتاری با استفاده از این روش در این دو محیط تحقیقات کمی صورت گرفته است. لذا این تحقیق اثر یادگیری معکوس رو در رو و آنلاین را ب Moreاگرچه یادگیری معکوس به عنوان روشی موثر به صورت ترکیبی و آنلاین مورد استفاده قرار گرفته، در زمینه مقایسه یادگیری دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی در مهارت گفتاری با استفاده از این روش در این دو محیط تحقیقات کمی صورت گرفته است. لذا این تحقیق اثر یادگیری معکوس رو در رو و آنلاین را بر مهارت گفتاری دانشجویان ایرانی پایین تر از سطح متوسط که زبان انگلیسی را به عنوان زبان خارجی می آموزند مقایسه می کند. این یک تحقیق شبه-آزمایشی است که در آن ۳۲ شرکت کننده متجانس از طریق آزمون تعیین سطح آکسفورد در سطح پایین تر از متوسط قرار گرفتند. سپس از طریق نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده به دو گروه آزمایشی یادگیری معکوس به صورت ترکیبی و آنلاین گروه بندی شدند که در پیش آزمون و پس آزمون شرکت نمودند. یافته های این تحقیق نشان داد استفاده از روش یادگیری معکوس به طور چشمگیری مهارت گفتاری هر دو گروه را بهبود بخشید چرا که عملکرد هر دو گروه رو در رو و آنلاین در پس آزمون بهتر از پیش آزمون بود. یافته های این تحقیق همچنین مشخص کرد شرکت کنندگان در یادگیری معکوس رو در رو عملکرد بهتری نسبت به گروه دیگر داشتند. به عبارت دیگر، استفاده از یادگیری معکوس رو در رو بر مهارت گفتاری دانشجویان را به طرز موثری بهبود بخشید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Reviewing the Believers’ Evidences to Prohibit Shave among the Shiite Jurists
Ahmad Beheshti Javad HashemiOne of the main issues that engaged the mind of religious persons is the command of religion about shave. The issue of shaving among Shiite jurists was first introduced at the end of seventh century but specifying its legality was started in the tenth or eleventh centur MoreOne of the main issues that engaged the mind of religious persons is the command of religion about shave. The issue of shaving among Shiite jurists was first introduced at the end of seventh century but specifying its legality was started in the tenth or eleventh century in shiite’s jurisprudence books. According to the different reasons, Quran, traditions, consencus, fame, wisdom and etc, the believers in shave legality deduced some documents, but by reviewing them exactly it can be found that none of them has enough competence to prove shave legality. On the other hand, from the early to now, none of our prophets, jurists and Islamic law scientists has not shaved their beard. So based on the precaution condition it should not be shaved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - Thermal stability optimization of the Soybean oil affected by thymus daenensis Celak essential oil by use of response surface methodology
M. Eghbalian Rad A. A. Sari A. Daraei GarmakhanyOxidative stability of oils and fats was affected by various factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzymes. The use of synthetic antioxidant for preventing oxidative deterioration, despite having high performance, due to the possibility of toxicity and car MoreOxidative stability of oils and fats was affected by various factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzymes. The use of synthetic antioxidant for preventing oxidative deterioration, despite having high performance, due to the possibility of toxicity and carcinogenicity, has been under question. The aim of this study was to optimize the thermal stability of soybean oil by the addition ofThymus daenensis Celakessential oil. In this study soybean oil was treated under various conditions of frying temperature (150, 170 and 190 °C), frying time (0, 6 and 12 h) and Thymus daenensis Celak essential oil concentrations (0, 400 and 800 ppm) and different quality attributes of samples such as the acid value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid, polar compounds, and conjugated diene value were studied. Results showed that Thymus essential oil due to containing different phenolic compounds increased the thermal stability of soybean oil significantly (p<0.05). The results of the acidic value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid, and polar compounds in fried oil samples for 12 hours at 190 °C showed that the addition of essential oil of thyme oil keeps the quality of fried oil after 12 hours frying at 190 °C. This study shows that essential oils can be a good alternative for synthetic antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - Optimization of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger
H.R Samadlouie Sh GharanjikAmong the various fungal strains screened for citric acid production, Aspergillus niger is known to produce considerable amounts of citric acid and other organic acids when cultivated in submerge fermentation. In this study, optimization of the medium components was car MoreAmong the various fungal strains screened for citric acid production, Aspergillus niger is known to produce considerable amounts of citric acid and other organic acids when cultivated in submerge fermentation. In this study, optimization of the medium components was carried out using "one-factor-at-a-time" and response surface methods (RSM). One-factor-at-a-time indicated that the amount of citric acid production was increased along with the increasing of agitation speed (from 150 to 200 rpm), raising the incubation temperature (from 17 to 32) and decreasing pH value (to 2). Moreover, in comparison with the other groups, citric acid production in the treatment containing soy bean powder and minerals revealed a significant increase (up to 25 g/l). The results showed that application of ultrasonic wave during the growth phase could remarkably enhance the production of citric acid. Based on the results of one-factor-at-a-time, sucrose and soy bean powder were the selected additives to test their effect on citric acid production using RSM. The two variables were identified to have significant effects on citric acid production and the maximum citric acid production of 58 g/l was resulted from the combination of 230.87 g/l sucrose and 200.81 g/l soy bean powder. In this study, the significant increase in the production of citric acid in the optimal conditions indicated the using of appropriate statistical methods and also the correct levels of selected variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - Thermal processing optimization of honey using physicochemical properties and hydroxymethylfurfural content
S. Seyyedi Mansoor L. Roufegari-NejadHydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the compounds formed due to the heat treatment and storage of honey and the maximum level of HMF in honey have been set in 40 ppm under codex standards. In this study, the effects of heating temperature (55, 65 and 75 °C), heati MoreHydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the compounds formed due to the heat treatment and storage of honey and the maximum level of HMF in honey have been set in 40 ppm under codex standards. In this study, the effects of heating temperature (55, 65 and 75 °C), heating duration (10, 20 and 30 min) as well as storage temperature (25 and 40 °C) were assayed during the three months of storage, based on response surface methodology. The effect of the above-mentioned variables on physicochemical properties (Lab color factors, pH, and moisture) and HMF content (based on spectrophotometric technique) of the samples was studied. Prediction model of each treatment was calculated. The outcomes during the 45 and 90 days of storage were analyzed. Results showed that temperature, time of heat treatment and storage duration had no effect on pH, moisture content, and color; while storage temperature had a significant effect on L* and a*. HMF content was affected by of all the variables so that its rate was increased significantly with increasing thermal process and storage time. Among the studied samples, HMF content was exceeded the standard limit in the sample heated at 75 °C for 20 min and kept at 40 °C for 90 days. The optimal level of HMF resulted by heating at 55 °C for 10 min and under the storage temperature of 25 °C for 45 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - The relationship between multiple intelligence and personality characteristics with students’ Surface and deep strategic learning procedures
Akbar Rezaei Javad mesrabadi Ali MohammadzadeThe objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between the multiple intelligence (verbal, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, physical kinetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic), and personality characteristics (extraversion, compatibility, MoreThe objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between the multiple intelligence (verbal, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, physical kinetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic), and personality characteristics (extraversion, compatibility, conscientiousness, neuroticism, flexibility) in prediction of the students’ strategic surface and deep learning procedures. The statistical population included 413 human sciences students from TabrizPayamNoorUniversity. The sampling method was multistage random sampling. The sample size was (283 female and 130 male): to gather the data two questionnaires, namely five main personality factors, the study skills and procedures were used. To analyses the data, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used. The result showed that there was not significant difference between, verbal, logical- mathematical, spatial, intrapersonal, naturalistic and surface strategic learning procedures. There was significant difference between multiple intelligence components and seep strategic learning procedures. The results of regression analysis showed that the conscientiousness, verbal, and interpersonal (with negative Beta value) were the meaningful predictors of strategic learning procedures. The best predicting factor for surface learning was interpersonal intelligence and openness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, verbal and musical ranked thereafter the predicting for deep learning, variables such as verbal, naturalistic, and conscientiousness (with positive Beta value) were statistically meaningful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - The comparison of attentional bias in relation to anxiety faces in adolescents with high and low state – trait anxiety
Sara Bakhshar Mohammadali Nazari Golamreza Chalabiyanlou Mahdi reza SarafrazThe aim of the present study was to investigate the attentional bias in relation to anxiety faces (happy, angry and neutral) among the female adolescents with high and low state-trait anxiety. The sample size was 60 adolescents female aged 16 to 18 with high state-trait MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the attentional bias in relation to anxiety faces (happy, angry and neutral) among the female adolescents with high and low state-trait anxiety. The sample size was 60 adolescents female aged 16 to 18 with high state-trait anxiety (n=30). To gather the data the Spilberger state-trait anxiety inventory was used. To assess the selective process, picture-pair Dot probe task was used. To analyse the data, analysis of variance with repeated measurement was used. The results showed that interaction between the state-trait anxiety and attentional bias was only significant for angry faces and for other emotional faces (happy and neutral) was not significant. This study indicated that the adolescents with high state-trait anxiety showed considerable vigilant comparing with angry faces, while the adolescents with low state-trait anxiety showed considerable avoidant comparing with the same faces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Design sensitive plasmonic based 1D photonic crystal biosensor with graphene-two metal layer
Maryam Sharifi Sadeq Mohammed Ameen Mahmood -
Open Access Article
334 - Polypyrrole-Graphene Quantum dots Nanocomposite Layer for Detection of Uric Acid Using Plasmonic Sensor
Amir Reza Sadrolhosseini Seyedeh Mehri Hamidi -
Open Access Article
335 - Simulation of surface flux received through breast tumor radiation therapy with MCNPX code
Parsa Afshin Sharifeh Shahi Farhad Azimi Far -
Open Access Article
336 - The Study of Plasmonic Biosensors based on Mach-Zehnder Interferometry
Reza Kheradmand Tanin Kazemzadeh Fariba Lotfi -
Open Access Article
337 - بررسی تأثیر فیس بوک بر سرمایه اجتماعی پیوندی و پل زننده در بین جوانان
محسن نوغانی مرتضی چرخ زریننقش جوانان در ساختار جامعه مهم و ارزنده تلقی میگردد، از اینرو پرداختن به مسألههای پیش روی آنان امری خطیر است.از جمله مهمترین مسایل جوانان، کیفیت روابط اجتماعی آنان می باشد. فیس بوک به عنوان گستردهترین شبکهی مجازی، یکی از عوامل تأثیرگذار بر این امر محسوب میگردد. هر Moreنقش جوانان در ساختار جامعه مهم و ارزنده تلقی میگردد، از اینرو پرداختن به مسألههای پیش روی آنان امری خطیر است.از جمله مهمترین مسایل جوانان، کیفیت روابط اجتماعی آنان می باشد. فیس بوک به عنوان گستردهترین شبکهی مجازی، یکی از عوامل تأثیرگذار بر این امر محسوب میگردد. هر چه میزان استفاده از شبکه-های مجازی در فضای خانواده بیشتر باشد، تعاملات کاهش یافته و سرمایه اجتماعی پیوندی در خانواده رو به زوال میرود از سوی دیگر سرمایه اجتماعی پل زننده در بین آنان افزایش یافته و بر رشد یا انحطاط جوانان تاثیر گذار است. مسأله اساسی این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر شدت استفاده از فیس بوک بر میزان سرمایه اجتماعی پیوندی و پل زننده در بین جوانان میباشد. روش تحقیق حاضر، پیمایشی بوده و با استفاده از پرسش نامه انجام گردیده است. جامعه نمونه، کلیه ی دانشجویان دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال تحصیلی91-1390 بوده است که حجم نمونه 156 نفر برآورد گردید.نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که شبکه ی اجتماعی فیس بوک می تواند باعث کاهش سرمایه اجتماعی پیوندی و افزایش سرمایه اجتماعی پل زننده گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - The Role of Virtual Media in Changing Social Values with an Emphasis on Telegram and Facebook Social Networks
Saeed Faramarziani -
Open Access Article
339 - Providing LST map and the estimation of soil temperature by using surface temperature (Case study: the city of Tabriz)
لیلا خدائی قشلاق سید اسدالله حجازی سعید صاحب خیرIn recent years, remote sensing technology has been used in almost all areas, and has been considered as a method of creating and updating data in many countries around the world. However, studies to extract surface temperature, especially in Iran, have been limited by MoreIn recent years, remote sensing technology has been used in almost all areas, and has been considered as a method of creating and updating data in many countries around the world. However, studies to extract surface temperature, especially in Iran, have been limited by infrared band and satellite imagery, and so far the first steps have been taken in this regard. Also, soil temperature is an important parameter in hydrological studies, agriculture meteorology and climatology, which is necessary to measure and predict. This parameter is measured only at synoptic stations, so the lack of it in areas without a station is an important challenge in many agricultural sciences. In this study, Sibal algorithm was used to achieve ground temperature, using Landsat 8 thermal imagery and Emissivity Refrence Chanel method to calculate ground surface temperature. Using surface temperature, soil depth was estimated at six depths of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 and 120 cm using satellite imagery and remote measurement techniques. The study area is Tabriz city. The results showed that the soil temperature at 5 cm depth in the morning was less than the night temperature, and the daily temperature change at a depth of about 40 cm is insignificant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - Monitoring of Land Surface Temperature and Analysis of Recovered Temperature in Land Use Surface in Parsabad, Moghan Using ETM and OLI Sensor Images
Batool Zeinali Shahnaz Panahi Shirin MahdavianThe temperature of the land surface is one of the most key parameters that can provide valuable information about the physical characteristics of the earth's surface and the surrounding air. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating and evaluating the la MoreThe temperature of the land surface is one of the most key parameters that can provide valuable information about the physical characteristics of the earth's surface and the surrounding air. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating and evaluating the land surface temperature and analyzing it in relation to land use by the separate window algorithm in Parsabad city with two Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images for August 24, 1990 and 2020. The results showed that in the years 1990 and 2020, generally the western and northwestern parts of the city have forest covers and relatively dense vegetation, while the southwestern parts are generally mountainous and barren. The vegetation index of 1990 and 2020 in the eastern parts of the studied area has an NDVI index higher than 0.3, which indicates medium to high density vegetation. The maximum vegetation index in the range reached 0.55 in August, which is generally related to garden and agricultural lands or dense forest areas in the north and northeast of the range. On the other hand, large parts of Parsabad city, especially in the south and southwest of this city, lack vegetation and are considered barren lands. Also, the results of the land surface temperature evaluation showed that the retrieved spatial average temperature of the earth surface on August 24, 1990, which was obtained at 11:30 local time using the separate window algorithm, was 31.8 degrees Celsius in Parsabad city. While this temperature on this day and at this time in 2020 was equal to 33 degrees Celsius. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - Investigation of mechanical properties and fracture surfaces of 5086 Al-based alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing in different routes
Seyed Elias Mousavi Mohammad Hossein Khaleghifar Farshid Ahmadi Mahmood Meratian -
Open Access Article
342 - Fatigue and corrosion fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V implant grade titanium alloy in Ringer solution
Mahmoud Hajisafari Arman Zare Bidaki Saeid Yazdani -
Open Access Article
343 - CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF BIOACTIVATED TITANIUM DENTAL IMPLANT USING DIFFERENT CHEMICAL METHODS
Mohammad Khodaei Ehsan Khoda Bande Dastjerdi Hamid Nazemi Alireza Valanezhad Ikuya Watanabe -
Open Access Article
344 - Optimization of the strain distribution in the roll forming process using the desirability function and finite element methods
Siroos Ahmadi Vali Alimirzaloo Meysam Abdollahzade Gavgani -
Open Access Article
345 - Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mo40/C93200 bimetal processed by compound casting process
Mohammad Honarpisheh Mobin Javaheri Hadi mansouri -
Open Access Article
346 - Fabrication, Characterization and Osteoblast Response of Cobalt-Based Alloy/Nano Bioactive Glass Composites
Mohammad Reza Bafandeh Raziyeh Gharahkhani Mohammad Hossein Fathi -
Open Access Article
347 - Statistical Analysis and Optimization of Factors Affecting the Surface Roughness in UVaSPIF Process Using Response Surface Methodology
Mehdi Vahdati Ramezanali Mahdavinejad Saeid Amini Mahmoud Moradi -
Open Access Article
348 - Effect of morphology and nonbounded interface on dielectric properties of plasma sprayed BaTiO3 Coating
Amirhossein Pakseresht Mohamadreza Rahimipour Mohamadreza Vaezi Mehdi Salehi -
Open Access Article
349 - Dissimilar resistance spot welding of AISI 1075 eutectoid steel to AISI 201 stainless steel
Mehdi Safari Hossein Mostaan -
Open Access Article
350 - Synthesis of nano-structured sphene and mechanical properties optimization of its scaffold via response surface methodology
Amirmostafa Amirjani Masoud Hafezi Ali Zamanian Mana Yasaee Noor Azuan Abu Osman -
Open Access Article
351 - Pore surface fractal dimension of sol-gel derived nanoporous SiO2-ZrO2 membrane
maryam shojaie bahaabad -
Open Access Article
352 - Mechanical Characterization of Hemp Cotton Hybrid Composites: Effect of Surface Treatment
Hiral Parikh Shrey Patel -
Open Access Article
353 - Investigating the Effects of Boron and Zirconium on the High-Temperature Fatigue Behavior of Nimonic 105 Super Alloy
Zahra Asghary Masumeh Seifollahi Maryam Morakabati Seyed Mahdi Abbasi -
Open Access Article
354 - Effect of Fluoride Coating on the Degradation of Mg-Based Alloy Containing Calcium for Biomedical Applications
Abouzar Rezaei-Baravati Masoud Kasiri-Asgarani Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad Mahdi Omidi Ebrahim Karamian -
Open Access Article
355 - The Effects of Oxide Fluxes on the Penetration Depth of 316L and A516 Steels in A-TIG Welding: a Comparative Study
Mohammad Emami Seyed Hossein Elahi -
Open Access Article
356 - Comparative evaluation of niobium surface preparation methods for electrodeposition
H Nasiri Vatan M.R Mohammadshafiee -
Open Access Article
357 - Numerical Simulation Of Heat Affected Zone Microstructure During Laser Surface Melting
M Amin Jabbareh H Asadi -
Open Access Article
358 - Bimetal friction stir welding of aluminum to magnesium
P Pourahmad M Abbasi H.A Mehrabi -
Open Access Article
359 - Drought effects on surface water quality in Golestan province for Irrigation Purposes, Case study: Gorganroud River
Nader Jandaghi Ali Heshmatpour Mojtaba Ghareh Mahmoodlu Saeedeh PasandIn this study, a part of the Gorganroud basin was selected to evaluate of the drought effect on 13 water physicochemical parameters. After collecting meteorological and hydrometric stations data in a period of 43-year (1350-1393), a 5-year drought index was determined u MoreIn this study, a part of the Gorganroud basin was selected to evaluate of the drought effect on 13 water physicochemical parameters. After collecting meteorological and hydrometric stations data in a period of 43-year (1350-1393), a 5-year drought index was determined using the standard precipitation index and moving average method. Then, the water quality parameters were obtained for a long-term and a drought period using the available hydrometric stations data. The average concentration of most of anions and cations, electrical conductivity, and sodium adsorption ratio have increased from upstream to downstream, so that, this increase in the downstream station is about seven times higher than its upstream station in the drought period. The average of anions, cations, electrical conductivity, and sodium absorption ratios were increase during the drought period compared to the long-term period. Using the Wilcox diagram, agricultural water quality is decreases in the direction of river flow, so that the water category changes from C2S1 (suitable for agriculture) in the upstream to C4S3 (harmful to agriculture) in the downstream. Therefore, it can be concluded that the occurrence of drought periods has a significant effect on the water quality factors in comparison with the long-term period, so that, the agricultural water quality drastically has reduced by a decrease in rainfall and subsequently decrease in river discharge within the drought period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Satellite Monitoring of Daytime Land Surface Temperature (LST) of Jazmourian Catchment Using MODIS Sensor Products
behrooz abad - Bromand Salahi Koohzad Raispour masood moradiLand Surface Temperature (LST) is one of the most important variables that provides important information about the physical and chemical properties of the litosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere. Since this variable represents the first thermal reaction to environmental MoreLand Surface Temperature (LST) is one of the most important variables that provides important information about the physical and chemical properties of the litosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere. Since this variable represents the first thermal reaction to environmental changes, its analysis can provide valuable information to environmental scientists. In recent years, MODIS sensor data have been widely used to estimate LST. In the present study, MODIS sensor data (MOD11C3 & MYD11C3) were used to analyze the daytime LST on the Jazmourian basin (2003-2019). Extracted data were used after quality control and necessary processing to estimate daytime LST. Based on the results; LST values in the Jazmourian basin range from 20-55 °C and clearly follow the altitudes and latitudes. Seasonal analysis of the LST spatial distribution shows the winter and summer seasons with a range of 5-40 °C and 35-65 °C as the coldest and warmest seasons, respectively. Also in the monthly spatial distribution of LST, January and February had the lowest and June and July had the highest LST. The time series trend of LST anomaly indicates an increase of about 0.5 °C in the study period. Also, the spatial distribution of LST indicates the maximum of positive anomalies in the southwestern and central parts and the minimum of positive anomalies in the east of the basin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Evaluation of land use changes and its effect on surface albedo and surface temperature Case study: Cities from Sari to Chalous
Abbas Ebrahimi Taher Safarrad Gholamreza janbazghobadiLand use change in cities leads to changes in surface temperature and surface albedo. Surface albedo plays an important role in land surface energy budget and climate. This article examines the land use changes and its effect on the surface albedo and surface temperatur MoreLand use change in cities leads to changes in surface temperature and surface albedo. Surface albedo plays an important role in land surface energy budget and climate. This article examines the land use changes and its effect on the surface albedo and surface temperature. For this purpose, 3 satellite images of Landsat 5 and 8 were used for August, 1998, 2010 and 2017 in the area of Sari to Chalus cities. The Sabal algorithm was used to extract the surface temperature and surface albedo. Urban thermal characteristics were analyzed by examining the relationships between land surface temperature (LST) and two indices, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI). The results of this research confirm the inverse and significant relationship between LST and NDVI and the direct and significant relationship between LST and each of the variables Albedo and NDBI. On the other hand, during the years 1978 to 2017, built-Up area that form impervious surfaces have been replaced by natural and permeable surfaces, in other words, a decrease in NDVI and an increase in NDBI and Albedo have been observed in the studied area. The surface of the earth has been manifested in cities. Also, the correlation between NDVI and LST is rather weak, but there is a strong positive correlation between albedo, NDBI and LST. The increase in construction in cities has led to an increase in albedo and the subsequent increase in surface temperature due to the increase in impervious surfaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Numerical Analysis of surface Ozone and its relation to synoptic patterns in Tehran
Ali Afshariazad Bahman Ramezani atoosa bigdeli mohammadreza afshariazadThis research tries to assess the emission and concentration of surface Ozone related to the synoptic weather patterns in general circulation of atmosphere. 2020 – 2021 is the time and Tehran is the place of this research. Based on the defined scenarios, the extre MoreThis research tries to assess the emission and concentration of surface Ozone related to the synoptic weather patterns in general circulation of atmosphere. 2020 – 2021 is the time and Tehran is the place of this research. Based on the defined scenarios, the extreme emission day, the pure day accompanied with stability and instability of the atmosphere, air pressure in sea level and 500 hpa. Skew-T chart from Mehrabad airport were analyzed. The emission datum was taken from the six stations of the air quality control organization in Tehran. The analysis was done daily and seasonally. The result of the research shows that in 24 hours emissions the most concentration happens in the mid-day and last until 6 in the evening. Among the seasons, summer has the most concentration because of the dominance of high pressure in atmosphere, increase in surface temperature high radiation and wind speed. More than 6 m Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - Assessing the relationship between urban land use and thermal islands, Case study: Yazd desert city
کمال امیدوار کمال امیدوار سعیده موید فر سعیده موید فر مهران فاطمی مهران فاطمی مهدی نارنگی فرد مهدی نارنگی فردUrban thermal islands are one of the most common urban climatic phenomena in which some urban areas, especially urban centers, are several degrees warmer than the surrounding areas. The study of this phenomenon and its mechanism of study is very important for urban plan MoreUrban thermal islands are one of the most common urban climatic phenomena in which some urban areas, especially urban centers, are several degrees warmer than the surrounding areas. The study of this phenomenon and its mechanism of study is very important for urban planning. This research has been applied in terms of analytical method and in terms of purpose and has been done with the aim of investigating the effect of applications on the temperature of Yazd desert city. To illustrate this relationship, images from the 2005 and 2015 Terra satellites measuring the Aster were used. The results of the studies show that the physical expansion of the city of Yazd in different historical periods, has led to the advancement of this city in the marginal salt and sand surfaces, so that construction and asphalt areas, increase and areas Salt and sand and barren lands on the outskirts of the city have declined. As a result, most of the thermal islands of Yazd city have been formed in marginal areas and barren lands. In this regard, there is a negative correlation between the two variables of vegetation and land surface temperature during the 10-year period, which indicates that the size of the heat islands has increased as the green space decreases Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Spatiotemporal Changes in Snow-Cover related to the Land Surface Temperature over Central Alborz
امیرحسین حلبیان امیرحسین حلبیان سینا صلحی سینا صلحیThe area, covered by snow or snow-cover variations, is one of the important factor in climatologic and hydrologic studies, that could be also useful and applicable in water management and environmental studies, specifically when it is combined with topographic character MoreThe area, covered by snow or snow-cover variations, is one of the important factor in climatologic and hydrologic studies, that could be also useful and applicable in water management and environmental studies, specifically when it is combined with topographic characteristics. In this research Land Surface Temperature (LST) and snow-cover interactions were considered. These environmental indicators interactions, combined with focal topographic characteristics such as slope, play a major role in snow-cover persistency. As a result, the influences of these factors had taken into account in central Alborz mountainous belt in Iran northern boundary. To achieve this goal, snow-cover (SC) and land surface temperature (LST) obtained from Aqua and Terra satellite images that are carrying Modis sensor, used in a the temporal range of 2003 up to 2018. Snow cover data with spatial resolusion of 500m analyzied using python programming language. The analysis performed related to the aspect as a major topographic characteristic in the scope of terrain modeling with using moving window and cell by cell raster analysis thechniques. The result, shows a strong relationship between terrain aspect and snow coverage in the central sector of Alborz Mountains. Land surface temperature and snow-cover had an inverse trend, specifically during winter and fall seasons. June LST (Khordad) was high according to the higher zenith angle of the sun in this period of year. There is a clear gap between the LST values of northern and southern aspects of central Alborz that could be result of mountain orientations to the sun rays, higher humidity levels and denser vegetation cover in the northern part. Southward areas, show higher temperature in almost all months. Directional analysis of LST, demonstrated, that maximum levels of LST are observed in the south-faced and specifically southeastward area and the minimum levels observed in northeastward and specifically northward area during all months. Southward area of the alborz mountainous wall, located at the latitude band of 36N, experienced a higher sun ray incident angle and thus having higher LSTs in southern and southeastern parts. Finally in almost all temporal periods (including month, season and year) higher LSTs in southern aspects (South, Southeast and southwest) in compared to northern one (North, Northeast and northwest) has been observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - A Study of The Relationship Between The Land Surface Temperature and Normalized Indicator of Vegetation in Urban Environment (Case Study: Esfahan Mega City)
Om Salameh Babaee FiniThe purpose of this research is to study the method of distribution of thermal models of land surface and the normalized indicator of vegetation and the relationship between these two variables in the cold and hot seasons in Isfahan city as one of the most important pop MoreThe purpose of this research is to study the method of distribution of thermal models of land surface and the normalized indicator of vegetation and the relationship between these two variables in the cold and hot seasons in Isfahan city as one of the most important population centers in Iran. In line with this objective, employing the four images of the Landsat TM sensor, the land surface temperature and the normalized Index of vegetation in a 19-year time span was made in the dates of January 7, 1991, June 16, 1991, December 29, 2010 and July 4, 2010. The results of the research showed that: On 7 January, 1991, the minimum temperature of-1/1 centigrade, the maximum temperature of 16 centigrade with an average of 5/1 and standard deviation of 1/4 were calculated. On 16 June, 1991, the minimum temperature of 16, the maximum temperature of 33 centigrade with an average of 28 centigrade and standard deviation of 3, On 4 June, 2010, the minimum temperature of 18, the maximum temperature of 37 , with an average of 29 centigrade and standard deviation of 3/2, On 29 December, 2010, the minimum temperature of -3/6, the maximum temperature of 19, with an average of 7/7 centigrade and standard deviation of 3/2 were calculated. Also, the index minimum On 7 January, 1991 of -0/96 and its maximum of 0/78 with an standard deviation of 0/1 and On 16 June, 1991, the minimum index of -0/36, the maximum of 0/66 and the standard deviation of 0/14, On 4 June, 2010, the minimum index of -0/23, the maximum of 0/68 and the standard deviation 0/11 and on 29 December, 2010, the minimum index of -0/4, the maximum of 0/56 and the standard deviation of 0/066 were calculated. The dispersion of the hot temperature range in the regions of 5, 6 and 13 and in the cold period of the year and the hot temperature range in the regions of 6 and 5 and cold in the peripheral regions of Zayandeh Rood (River) in the hot period of the year is observable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Analysis and Comparison of SPI and GRI Indices in Assessing Meteorological Drought and Groundwater, Case Study: Mehran Plain, Ilam Province
Ali Abbasinia jafar morshedi Mnizheh Zohoriyan Jebrael GhorbaniyanDroughts are one of the most devastating weather events, causing significant damage to both natural resources and human life. The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare meteorological drought and groundwater of Mehran plain using standardized precipitation inde MoreDroughts are one of the most devastating weather events, causing significant damage to both natural resources and human life. The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare meteorological drought and groundwater of Mehran plain using standardized precipitation index (SPI) and groundwater index (GRI). In order to study the meteorological drought, the monthly rainfall information of Mehran synoptic station was used and in order to study the dryness of the groundwater of Mehran plain, the changes of groundwater level of Mehran plain were analyzed based on water level data of 23 observation wells. Also, SPI index was used for meteorological drought monitoring and GRI index was used for hydrological drought monitoring of Mehran plain. The statistical period required for drought analysis of a 25-year statistical period from the water year of 75-74 to 97-96 was selected. After determining the moisture periods of the indices, monthly groundwater zoning maps were prepared. To prepare these maps, the kriging model was selected from among different models. Finally, by applying the optimal half-change model in kriging and entering groundwater data as a point layer, raster maps were prepared using Arc GIS software. The results of the study of SPI index show that during the statistical periods in question, 4 severe droughts occurred, the most severe of which was 90-91, with a value of SPI index of -1.73. Also, the results obtained from the GRI index in the region show that an 11-year drought period of groundwater occurred, ie it started from the water year 88-87 and continued until the water year 98-97, the most severe of which was 90-91 with the amount of The index is -1.11. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Analysis of temporal-spatial changes of land using land surface measurements (case example: Pakdasht city)
Alireza Taherinasab Lila Ebrahimijanmani Amaneh Haghzad Mehrdad RamezanpourOver the past 50 years, humans have changed landscapes even faster and more widely than in any other era. Today, the main concern of human societies is the fragmentation of landscapes as a result of the development of human infrastructure, industrial activities, the des MoreOver the past 50 years, humans have changed landscapes even faster and more widely than in any other era. Today, the main concern of human societies is the fragmentation of landscapes as a result of the development of human infrastructure, industrial activities, the destruction of agricultural land and vegetation, the increase in population and the development of urbanization. The main goal of this research is to study and examine the temporal-spatial changes of barren lands, agricultural lands and man-made lands in Pakdasht city using land surface metrics. The data is obtained through satellite images from the Landsat satellite belonging to the years 2019 and 1989, which were taken by the OLI and MSS5 sensors. These images were classified in ENVI 5.3 software based on maximum likelihood algorithm. After preparing the land use maps and classifying these images in the studied time frame, Fragstats software was used to extract measurements at two levels of class and land surface. In total, 7 parameters were measured to quantify the topography of the land in the years 1989 to 2019 AD (1368-1398). The results show that in all land uses in the studied period of time, fragmentation and fragmentation are observed, and most of this fragmentation and fragmentation belong to agricultural lands, and the lowest amount of fragmentation and fragmentation belongs to the residential class. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Evaluating the Drainage Process of Agricultural Lands in Golestan Province based on Agricultural Drainage Reuse
Mahdi Mardanifar Mahmoud Ansar Marzieh Parvar دنیائی Donyaii Seyed Erfan HosseiniConservation of water and soil resources in Iran is one of the most important issues in the field of water, agriculture and food security. In this research, a practical example of the results of pilot implementation of a subsurface drainage plan in Karimabad village, Go MoreConservation of water and soil resources in Iran is one of the most important issues in the field of water, agriculture and food security. In this research, a practical example of the results of pilot implementation of a subsurface drainage plan in Karimabad village, Gorgan, was investigated. This project includes 100-hectare subsurface drainage using 100 mm diameter PVC pipes with 50 m intervals for laterals and 200 mm in diameter of collectors as well as concrete manholes with 800 mm internal diameter. In this study, while evaluating before and after the implementation of the project, the results were recorded. The results showed that the yield of wheat, paddy, cotton and canola increased by 12%, 36%, 28% and 39% respectively, after the project implementation. In addition, the possibility of second cultivation will be provided for farmers followed by the disappearance of wetlands in agricultural lands at the end of project. Moreover, the effect of groundwater draining on the effluent quality will provide the possibility of reusing irrigation drains and reducing the groundwater discharge, which will be very effective in reducing water stress in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Surface Fuel Models and Fire Hazard in Golestan National Park
Roghayeh JahdiDetermining custom fuel models in forest and rangeland ecosystems is crucial to predict the potential fire behavior and spread, wildfire management, and ecosystem restoration. The objective of this study was to quantify the amount and structure of surface fuel available MoreDetermining custom fuel models in forest and rangeland ecosystems is crucial to predict the potential fire behavior and spread, wildfire management, and ecosystem restoration. The objective of this study was to quantify the amount and structure of surface fuel available for combustion in grasslands, shrublands and forests in Golestan National Park, NE Iran. All information related herbaceous vegetation and surface litter were collected from 1m × 1m, 10m × 10m, and 30m × 30m sampling plots, respectively in the grasslands (n=24), shrublands (n=8), and forest (n=22) fuel types based on Stratified Random Sampling. A fuel hazard rating is assigned to each fuel by assessing the key attributes including fuel load (t ha-1), fuelbed depth (cm), and litter cover (%). The results revealed that variation in surface fuel hazards among fuel types corresponded to patterns of fine fuel loading (1-hr). Broadleaves litter fuels had higher total fine fuel loads resulting from greater grass dominance, potentially providing higher surface fuel hazard. Differences in fuel structure between the existing fuel types also had an important effect. Determining custom fuel models and fire risk assessment in these models is important for natural resource managers to select methods to reduce fuel loads, fire mitigation, and retain the landscape resilience to future wildfires. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Effect of different Ecological patches on soil surface quality indices (case study: Sofi Chai catchment, Maragheh county)
morteza Mofidi Chelan gholamali HeshmatiAbstract To manage rangeland ecosystems, identification of their components and interactions including soil and vegetation is of great deal of importance. The present study was aimed to compare the effects of different Ecological patches on soil qualitative attributes MoreAbstract To manage rangeland ecosystems, identification of their components and interactions including soil and vegetation is of great deal of importance. The present study was aimed to compare the effects of different Ecological patches on soil qualitative attributes (stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling) using landscape function analysis model as well as to identify vegetation indices in Sofi Chai basin located at Maragheh. For sampling purpose, number of 5 transects in 50 m length in were established in downslope as per randomized-systematic method along which four Ecological patches, grasses, shrub - grass and forbs and interpatch bare soil were identified. 5 replicates of each patch were determined and eleven soil surface indices were scored as per landscape function analysis. The results show that all three indicators of stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling were differed significantly among Ecological patches. The maximum amount of stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling and the minimum one was relate to shrubs and bare soils respectively. It can be note that shrubs and shrubs-grass patches showed better performance than others. investigation of function attributes in the different Ecological patches can help to identify effective reagents for healthy rangeland vegetation and the assessment of these reagents can be faster and time and cost-effective to study soil qualitative and quantitative sustainability indicators, infiltration and soil nutrient cycling can be realized. It can serve as important step for the evaluation, management and planning future of natural ecosystems. Abstract To manage rangeland ecosystems, identification of their components and interactions including soil and vegetation is of great deal of importance. The present study was aimed to compare the effects of different Ecological patches on soil qualitative attributes (stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling) using landscape function analysis model as well as to identify vegetation indices in Sofi Chai basin located at Maragheh. For sampling purpose, number of 5 transects in 50 m length in were established in downslope as per randomized-systematic method along which four Ecological patches, grasses, shrub - grass and forbs and interpatch bare soil were identified. 5 replicates of each patch were determined and eleven soil surface indices were scored as per landscape function analysis. The results show that all three indicators of stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling were differed significantly among Ecological patches. The maximum amount of stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling and the minimum one was relate to shrubs and bare soils respectively. It can be note that shrubs and shrubs-grass patches showed better performance than others. investigation of function attributes in the different Ecological patches can help to identify effective reagents for healthy rangeland vegetation and the assessment of these reagents can be faster and time and cost-effective to study soil qualitative and quantitative sustainability indicators, infiltration and soil nutrient cycling can be realized. It can serve as important step for the evaluation, management and planning future of natural ecosystems. �ربوط به لکه بوته و کمترین مقدار آن مربوط به خاک لخت می باشد. می توان گفت لکه های بوته ها و بوته- گندمیان از ویژگیهای عملکردی بهتری نسبت به دیگر لکه ها برخوردار بودند. بررسی ویژگیهای عملکردی لکه های اکولوژیک مختلف می تواند کمک زیادی به شناسایی معرفهای گیاهی موثر در سلامت اکوسیستم نموده و با ارزیابی این معرفها می توان سریعتر و با صرف وقت و هزینه کمتری به وضعیت کیفی سطح خاک پی برد که می تواند گامی مهم برای ارزیابی، مدیریت و برنامه ریزیهای آینده در این اکوسیستم های طبیعی باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Effects of Woody Plants on Rangeland Ecosystems Function
gholam Ali heshmati paria KamaliTo shed light on the relationship between vegetation and soil will help to identify rangelands potential and functions. As an integral part of rangelands, woody plants play a substantial role in constituting soil properties. The present study was aimed to investigate th MoreTo shed light on the relationship between vegetation and soil will help to identify rangelands potential and functions. As an integral part of rangelands, woody plants play a substantial role in constituting soil properties. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of woody plants on rangelands functions in Parvar region, Semnan province. According to landscape function analysis method (LFA), the number of eleven soil features on three woody plant structures (closed, semi- closed and open canopy) with three transects were studied along which five replicates on per patch as well as bare soil considered. Then factors measured on three parameters of stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling were classified as per each structure. The results showed that woody species with closed canopy have more contributes in improving rangeland function indices, including stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling compared to those relatively closed and open. On the other hand, the shorter woody species have greater contribution in soil stability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Optimization of inulin extraction from Cynara scolymus L. root using response surface methodology (RSM)
Mohammad Mohsenzadeh Jalal Ehsani Morteza Khomeiri azem Ghasem NejadInulin is a low digestable or indigestible fiber which is found in various plants. Inulin amount ranging from 1% in Banana to more than 15% in Chicory roots changing. It has a positive impact on the composition of the intestinal flora, mineral absorption, blood lipid co MoreInulin is a low digestable or indigestible fiber which is found in various plants. Inulin amount ranging from 1% in Banana to more than 15% in Chicory roots changing. It has a positive impact on the composition of the intestinal flora, mineral absorption, blood lipid composition and prevents colon cancer. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is one of the most important sources of inulin. The aim of the present study was extraction of inulin from artichoke root and optimization of extraction conditions to achieve the highest extraction efficiency. For this purpose, the artichoke roots were collected from the research stead of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in september 2015 and inulin extraction with using of warm water solvent and response surface methodology (RSM)and central composite design (CCD) was performed. Response surface methodology in comparison to voluminous methods such as full factorial is preferred. In this technique for optimization of inulin extraction process, three variables extraction time (35-65 min), extraction temperature (55-95 °C) and the ratio of water to the roots (3:1 to 9:1)as independent variables were considered and their effect on the extraction efficiency of inulin were examined. After performing experiments, linear, 2FI and quadratic models on the inulin extraction yield were evaluated, also lack of fit test, coefficient of determination (R2)and Adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adjusted) for investigation the adequacy of the model were calculated. Study of the lack of fit test as well as R2 and R2adjusted values were showed the suitability of quadratic model. This model was used to find the best condition of extraction process with maximum efficiency. Results showed that the optimum condition for extraction of inulin with highest extraction yield (8.01%) related to temperature (95 °C), time (35.67 min) and ratio of water to root (9:1) with desirability of (92%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Optimization of Effective Parameters in Essential Oil Extraction of Heracleum persicum Desf. Ex Fischer Seed Using Response Surface Methodology
محمد فتاحی maryam rezapoorAbstract In the recent years use of plant essential oils (EOs) in the food and medicine industry is increasing. So, the aim of this study was to optimize effective factors for maximizing essential oil yield and evaluation of its composition under the optimal conditions. MoreAbstract In the recent years use of plant essential oils (EOs) in the food and medicine industry is increasing. So, the aim of this study was to optimize effective factors for maximizing essential oil yield and evaluation of its composition under the optimal conditions. The effect of different parameters including different amounts of plant (X1), extraction time of essential oils (X2) and particle size of seeds obtained with mesh (X3) on three levels (1, 0, 1-) as independent variable to optimize essential oil percentage as dependent variables were evaluated using response surface methodology. The seeds of Heracleum persicum Desf. Ex Fischer were collected from Ayalono area (East Azerbaijan) in August 2015. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger apparatus and were identified by GC/MS. ANOVA analysis results and experimental error for the RSM model were showed that the predicted model for the essential oil percentage was significantly accurate (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Detection of Heat Islands over Arak City Based on Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis
Mohammad Ghasem TorkashvandThe assessment of urban heat islands is considered as a key variable in the studies of environmental sciences because modeling the interactions of the land surface flux can best respond to many urban problems of modern societies. This study aimed to detect heat islands MoreThe assessment of urban heat islands is considered as a key variable in the studies of environmental sciences because modeling the interactions of the land surface flux can best respond to many urban problems of modern societies. This study aimed to detect heat islands over Arak city and their clustering was done. For this purpose, the satellite images of Landsat 8 (OLI and TIRS) related to August for three consecutive years 2013, 2014 and 2015 were taken from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Site. For the extraction of Urban Heat Islands (UHI) values of Land Surface Temperatures (LST), Moran's autocorrelation functions and hot spot analyses by MATLAB and Arc GIS capabilities were used. After land surface temperature (LST) calculation, hot and cold clusters of heat islands over Arak were extracted using the hot spot analysis index. To evaluate the factors affecting on the formation and clustering of heat islands in Arak NDVI and NDBI indices were used. The results showed that there is a high correlation between the two parameters, vegetation and urban built areas with land surface temperature so that the vegetation index has moderated and urban built areas has exacerbated the heat islands over Arak city. Comparative assessment of urban heat islands led to the detection of two types of heat islands over Arak: Focal heat islands and the linear heat islands. Moran's spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that the land surface temperature has spatial structure in Arak; in other words, land surface temperature is distributed in clusters in Arak. Finally, analysis of hot spots is a clear confirmation on focus and clustering of heat islands over Arak by increasing the time period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Extraction and Identification of Land Surface Temperature and Explaining Its Relationship with Urban Land Use (A Case Study of Districts 1 And 21 of Tehran)
gholamreza moradi alireza hasaniToday, cities are extremely vulnerable due to population growth, industrial expansion, consumption of fossil fuels as a result of greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and finally climate change. With the expansion of cities, many natural surfaces go under constructi MoreToday, cities are extremely vulnerable due to population growth, industrial expansion, consumption of fossil fuels as a result of greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and finally climate change. With the expansion of cities, many natural surfaces go under construction, more synthetic materials are used, and population and building densities increase the production of heat from human activities. All of these cases, along with the type of land use in the city, cause certain characteristics such as radiant power, heat capacity, albedo, etc., and show a different surface temperature than other places. Space technology has been used successfully to determine surface temperature and urban energy balance. In this study, the surface temperature of districts 1 and 21 of Tehran was identified using Landsat 7 satellite images and its surface temperature was estimated by adapting it to the land use map of these areas. The results show that there is a close relationship between land use and surface temperature, as in these two areas, depending on the role and activity of each area, different surface temperatures have been identified. District 21 with industrial and workshop operations, barren lands, lack of vegetation, lack of waterways, and excessive use of artificial and industrial materials as well as production of heat due to human activities shows an average surface temperature of 5 degrees Celsius higher than that of region 1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Preparation of Ag Loaded WO3 Nano Rod and Its Highly Efficient Degradation of Flumequine under Sunlight Irradiation
Somayeh Saleh Fekr Mehdi Ardjmand Reza Fazaeli Mehdi Rafizadeh -
Open Access Article
377 - Investigation of removal efficiency of Cr (VI) from industrial wastewater using chitosan and synthesized chitosan nanoparticles
arezou ghadi Soleiman Mahjoub Mohsen ziyari -
Open Access Article
378 - Dynamic light scattering: A useful technique to characterize nanoparticles
Abbas Rahdar Nooshin Amini Faezeh Askari Md. Susan -
Open Access Article
379 - Photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution by a new Cu(II)-MOF based on diamino diphenyl sulfone ligand through response surface methodology (RSM)
Zahra Moseni nik Saeed Jamehbozorgi Majid Ramezani Tahere Momeni Esfahani -
Open Access Article
380 - Application of response surface methodology for optimization of fluoride adsorption from aqueous solution using MgO-based nanocomposites
Somayeh Rahdar Leili Mohammadi Abbas Rahdar Shahin Ahmadi Saeideh Sistani Md. Abu Bin Hasan Susan -
Open Access Article
381 - An innovative method for estimating optimal Gate work function and dielectric constant of a nanoscale DG-TFET based on analytical modeling of tunneling length in ambipolar Off and ON states
Fayzollah Khorramrouz Seyed Ali Sedigh Ziabari Ali Heydari -
Open Access Article
382 - PVA and EDTA grafted superparamagnetic Ni doped iron oxide nanoparticles prepared by constant current electrodeposition for biomedical applications
Mustafa Aghazadeh Isa Karimzadeh Mohammad Reza Ganjali -
Open Access Article
383 - Photo Degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution by a new Cu(II)-MOF based on diaminodiphenyl sulfone ligand through response surface methodology (RSM)
Zahra Moseni nik Saeed Jamehbozorgi Majid Ramezani Tahere Momeni Esfahani -
Open Access Article
384 - An innovative method for estimating optimal Gate work function and dielectric constant of a nanoscale DG-TFET based on analytical modeling of tunneling length in ambipolar, Off and ON states
Fayzollah Khorramrouz Seyed Ali Sedigh Ziabari Ali Heydari -
Open Access Article
385 - Microstructure and Swelling Behaviour of Poly (Acrylamide-co-Acrylic Acid) based Nanocomposite Superabsorbent Hydrogels
Sasan Ganjehie Ahmad Gholizadeh Seyed Ahmad Ketabi -
Open Access Article
386 - Stabilisation of Wet Protein Foams Using Starch Nano-Particles
Saeed Sadeghpour Saghar Abedini -
Open Access Article
387 - Design and Production of Music Educational Assistant and its Effectiveness on the Cognitive and Skill Learning of Music Students in Comparison with Face-to-Face Training
Rashed Mohammadyan Saeid Pourroostaei Ardakani -
Open Access Article
388 - A Study of the Basmaleh Structure and the Preface of Some Historical Books of Persian Prose from the Fourth Century to the End of the Fourteenth Century AH
Mohammad Asnaashari Darioush Kazemi مریم ShayeganIt has been a tradition that before the beginning of his original text, the author has brought a section which is considered as a threshold and gateway to the original text and has been read with names such as: introduction, beginning, etc. This tradition has existed si MoreIt has been a tradition that before the beginning of his original text, the author has brought a section which is considered as a threshold and gateway to the original text and has been read with names such as: introduction, beginning, etc. This tradition has existed since ancient times and the oldest works and More or less changes are seen than before the fourteenth century AH, although today, preface writing has become more common. A number of works were selected and analyzed completely randomly in topics such as: history, geography, astronomy, medicine, mysticism, jurisprudence and theology. Different authors, different writers, different cultures and sometimes contradictory, and in appearance may be very different, but there is a kind of unity in them, which leads to several similar structures. (Body) and 3- beds (later). Introduction is the beginning of the name of God and saying in the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful, etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Investigation of Parameters Affecting Surface Integrity and Material Removal during Electrical Discharge Machining of HARDOX-400 Steel
Hesam Motevasseli Ahmad Afsari Ali Khosravifard -
Open Access Article
390 - Predicting the Influence of Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) Parameters on the Finished Work Surface in CK45 Steel
Esmaeil Jafari Ahmad Afsari Sina Abedpour -
Open Access Article
391 - Experimental Investigation of the Effects of the Roller Burnishing Parameters on the Surface Roughness and Micro-hardness of Ti6Al4V Alloy
Mohammad Asadbeiki Reza Nosouhi -
Open Access Article
392 - Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) Approach for Optimization of the Surface Grinding Process
Ahmad Afsari Mohammad Ramezani Shahin Heidari Jafar Karimi -
Open Access Article
393 - Experimental Study of Germanium Dry Machining with Various Rake Angles and Different Feed Rates of Tool
Mohammad Reza Safavipour Masoud Farahnakian -
Open Access Article
394 - Investigation of Mass Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process on Compressor Blades
Seyed Alireza Rasouli Davood NoriAttempts at research across various industries to achieve high-quality surfaces have led to the development of new finishing processes. Magnetic Abrasive Finishing is a novel technique where a magnetic field is employed to control an abrasive tool. Gas turbine compresso MoreAttempts at research across various industries to achieve high-quality surfaces have led to the development of new finishing processes. Magnetic Abrasive Finishing is a novel technique where a magnetic field is employed to control an abrasive tool. Gas turbine compressor blades are among the industrial components requiring high surface quality due to their exposed surfaces. The reduction in surface roughness on these components has a significant impact on the efficiency of motor turbines. This paper focuses on studying the Magnetic Abrasive Finishing process parameters for the free surfaces of Titanium blades. Using a mass Magnetic Abrasive Finishing machine, the influence of powder weight, type of abrasive particles, and gap on the variation of surface roughness is investigated through statistical methods such as the response surface. The fabrication of the machine and determination of magnet polarity are carried out using Maxwell simulation software. The Factorial method is employed for experiment configuration. Mechanically alloyed powders produced by ball mills are used in this study. Results demonstrate that employing the magnetic abrasive method can reduce the surface roughness of the blade by up to 33%. The empirical model derived from regression analysis is utilized to predict the variation in surface roughness. Variance analysis of the experimental results indicates the significance of all studied parameters. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) are employed for a qualitative evaluation of the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - Experimental Study of the Effect of Different Spindle Speeds and Feed Rates in Dry Machining on a Brittle Material
Mohammad Reza Safavipour Masoud Farahnakian -
Open Access Article
396 - Comparing and Investigating the Effect of Input Parameters on External Parameters in Parts of Different Materials in EDM Operation Using Taguchi Method
Seyed Mohammad Reza Nazemosadat Ahmad Afsari Najwan Nejah Adnan Jeddeh Alireza BahramkiaThe correct selection of input parameters in the electric discharge machining (EDM) process leads to improvements in the material removal rate (MRR), dimensional accuracy of the parts, quality of the surface finish, and reduction of tool wear. The main goal of the resea MoreThe correct selection of input parameters in the electric discharge machining (EDM) process leads to improvements in the material removal rate (MRR), dimensional accuracy of the parts, quality of the surface finish, and reduction of tool wear. The main goal of the research was to investigate the type and extent of the influence of input on output parameters in EDM operations. Experimental data and the contribution of parameters were obtained using the Taguchi test design with three levels. The tool used was made of copper. Samples were selected from three types of alloy steel: 4340, Ti6Al-4V, and AISI D2 steel. The test variables included maximum current (Ip), gap voltage (Vg), and duty factor (DF). In these experiments, Ip values of 5, 10, and 15 amps, Vg values of 25, 50, and 75 volts, and DF values of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 were selected. The number of machining operations was 81 tests, and the L9 orthogonal array related to the Taguchi approach used for Design of Experiments (DOE) reduced the number of machining operations from 81 to 27 tests. The results indicated that the current parameter of 5 amps had the highest effect on surface roughness (SR) in samples of AISI4340 steel. The current of 15 amps had the greatest impact on MRR, while the duty factor (DF) of 0.6 played the highest role in electrode wear rate (EWR). Maximum Ip contributed 36.77%, Vg contributed 31.03%, and DF contributed 32.18% to EWR. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - Optimization of Fused Deposition Modeling Process Parameters to Achieve Maximum Mechanical Properties Using Response Surface Methodology
Ali Hasanabadi Hossein Afshari Seyyed Mohammad Bagher MirafzaliIn this study, the researchers investigated the impact of various parameters, including layer raster angle, infill extrusion width, and layer height, on mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus of polylactic acid printed samples. T MoreIn this study, the researchers investigated the impact of various parameters, including layer raster angle, infill extrusion width, and layer height, on mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus of polylactic acid printed samples. To reduce experimental costs, the Box-Behnken method was employed along with response surface methodology using Minitab software to establish the relationship between input and output variables. The results of the tension test indicated that the raster angle had a significant impact on all three properties. Furthermore, the regression equations showed that changes in infill extrusion width and layer height had a strong effect on tensile strength but had a less significant impact on elongation and Young's modulus. The optimal output parameters were determined to be 38.67 MPa tensile strength, 3.42% elongation, and 1117.47 MPa Young's modulus using input parameters of 10 degree raster angle, 170% infill extrusion width, and 0.2 mm layer height. The study validated the results obtained through experimental testing and concluded that the response surface methodology could predict part properties with high accuracy (less than 6% error) based on input parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - Evaluation of the Cryogenic Effect on Friction Stir Processed AA7075/Si Matrix Nanocomposites
Navid Molla Ramezani Behnam DavoodiFriction-stir processing is a green manufacturing process for surface composite fabrication and surface modification. To achieve this critical goal, the type of cooling and lubrication are of great importance. Therefore, in this paper, the cryogenic effects were investi MoreFriction-stir processing is a green manufacturing process for surface composite fabrication and surface modification. To achieve this critical goal, the type of cooling and lubrication are of great importance. Therefore, in this paper, the cryogenic effects were investigated on friction-stir processing (FSP) tool wear and surface quality of an aluminum matrix nanocomposite. Silicon carbide (SiC) nanopowder was used as the reinforcing phase. The effects of cooling strategy and tool rotation speed on the tool wear, microhardness, surface roughness, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were studied. The cooling procedure was conducted under dry and cryogenic conditions. Additionally, the rotation speed was set at three levels, while other parameters were kept constant. The FSP tools were examined under a scanning electron microscope, and the wear mechanisms were investigated under different conditions. The results showed that tool wear, surface roughness, and microhardness were improved under cryogenic conditions compared to air conditions. Furthermore, in the presence of liquid nitrogen, the metal matrix composite did not exhibit any microstructural defects, such as micro-cracks. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis also demonstrated that SiC had better penetration into the base material under cryogenic conditions compared to dry conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - Analysis of Surface Roughness and Micro-hardness in Roller Burnishing of Aluminum Alloy 6061
Amin Poursafar -
Open Access Article
400 - Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Deionized Water on Surface Roughness of Near Dry Electro Discharge Machining of AISI D2 Steel
Mojtaba Taghizadeh Sayed Ali Mosavi -
Open Access Article
401 - Experimental Investigation of Subsurface Damages Made by Cup Grinding and Lapping Process of Optical Glass BK7 in Ductile Mode
Vahid Barahimi Masoud Farahnakian -
Open Access Article
402 - Investigation of the Effective Parameters on Surface Roughness in Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process Using Design of Experiments
Yahya Choopani Mohammad Reza Razfar -
Open Access Article
403 - Micro Machining of AISI 440C Stainless Steel using Magnetic Field and Magnetic Abrasive Particles
Yahya Choopani Mohammad Reza Razfar -
Open Access Article
404 - Dry Friction and Wear Performance of Micro Surface Textures Generated by Ultrasonic Assisted Face Turning
Hossein Nouri Hosseinabadi Masoud Farahnakian -
Open Access Article
405 - Investigation of Magnetic Abrasive Finishing on Inner Surface of AL 6061 Tube
Hamzeh Shahrajabian Masoud Farahnakian Seyed Alireza Mousavi Hasan Soltani -
Open Access Article
406 - Machinability Investigation of Inconel 657 in High-speed Turning
Amir Hossein Khoei Hasan Fathi Masoud Farahnakian Mohammad Reza Razfar -
Open Access Article
407 - The Effect of Annealing Heat Treatment on the Bond of Explosivewelded Copper/Steel after the ECAR Process
Mohammad Honarpisheh Ali Akbar Haddadi Hadi Mansouri -
Open Access Article
408 - Design, Manufacturing and Surface quality Analysis of Machining by Self-Rotary Milling Tool
Mostafa Rabi Yeganeh Aminolah Mohammadi Hamed Ghafarirad Mehdi Meskin -
Open Access Article
409 - Experimental Investigation of the Surface Roughness in Grinding of BK7 Optical Glass in Brittle Mode
Vahid Barahimi Masoud Farahnakian -
Open Access Article
410 - The Effect of Artificial Aging Treatment and Lubrication Modes on the Cutting Force and the Chip Surface Morphology when Drilling Al-Si-Mg (A356) Cast Alloys
Seyed Ali Niknam Keyhan Jabbari -
Open Access Article
411 - An Experimental Investigation on Surface Roughness and Edge Chipping in Micro Ultrasonic Machining
Hamid Zarepour -
Open Access Article
412 - The Effectiveness of Ceramic Wiper Tool in Turning of Monel K500
Mohammad Lotfi Saeid Amini Sayed Ali Sajjady Adil Hussein Juaifer -
Open Access Article
413 - Machining of Makrana White Marble Surfaces by Abrasive Water Jet Machining
Vishal Gupta M.P. Garg Garg N.K. Batra Arjun S. Wadwa -
Open Access Article
414 - Adaptive Neural Network Dynamic Surface Control for Nonlinear Stochastic Systems in The Strict-Feedback Form with Prandtl-Ishlinskii Hysteresis in The Actuator
Mohammad Mahdi Aghajary Mahnaz HashemiUsing the adaptive radial basis function (RBF) neural network dynamic surface control design method, a controller design approach is presented in order to the stabilization of strict-feedback nonlinear stochastic systems subjected to Prandtl-Ishlinskii nonlinearity in t MoreUsing the adaptive radial basis function (RBF) neural network dynamic surface control design method, a controller design approach is presented in order to the stabilization of strict-feedback nonlinear stochastic systems subjected to Prandtl-Ishlinskii nonlinearity in the actuator. This method is capable to be applied to nonlinear stochastic systems with any unknown dynamics. According to the universal approximation capability the RBF neural networks make it possible to approximate the unknown dynamics of the nonlinear stochastic systems. Using the minimal-learning-parameters algorithm the approximation procedure is done with a minimum complexity and required calculations. The stability of the proposed control system is proven analytically and its results are demonstrated using a simulation example. It is shown that the proposed design approach guarantees the boundedness in probability for adaptive control system, and in turn the uniformly ultimately boundedness of all closed-loop signals. It is also shown, that using this method the tracking error can be made arbitrarily small. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - A solution to Secrecy Sum Rate Enhancement in 5G Networks Using IRS and NOMA by Cooperative Legal Users
Afshin Souzani Mohammad Ali Pourmina Paeiz Azmi Mohammad Naser MoghadasiThe use of new physical layer security approaches such as intelligent reflective surfaces as well as the use of existing capabilities in the mobile network such as the participation of network users as network partners are solutions that can be very effective in the nex MoreThe use of new physical layer security approaches such as intelligent reflective surfaces as well as the use of existing capabilities in the mobile network such as the participation of network users as network partners are solutions that can be very effective in the next generation of mobile telecommunications to improve and increase the total Secrecy Rate in the physical layer.The proposed solution for improving the secrecy rate of the transmitted signal in the physical layer performed by closed-form solution to the described system. In this paper, we analyzed a network consisting of a gNB, two users, an IRS and an eavesdropper in an environment full of obstacles. Using Simulations, we evaluate our solution mathematically and investigate the effect of the eavesdropper location on the total secrecy rate. Also, the analysis and simulation of secrecy rate for the proposed network is performed by taking into account practical network considerations such as changing the location of the Eavesdropper in the network. In addition, the impact of changing the number of elements of smart surface arrays has been analyzed. The numerical results reveal that increasing IRS elements can enhance the ergodic secrecy rate, the reason is that increasing of IRS elements can focuses the main beam of data signal on the first user which increase secrecy rate. Finally, we compare the performance of the OMA and NOMA techniques in the proposed system model. We show that the NOMA technique provides 50% more ergodic secrecy rate compared to the OMA technique. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - Design and Torque Analysis of Double-Slot Surface and Spoke-Type BLDC Motor Using Finite Element Method
Ali Esteki Behrooz MajidiThe aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of second slot in stator tooth on performance of two commonly used rotor structures, namely Surface-type and Spoke-type, for a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor. The comparative results are reported for different cl MoreThe aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of second slot in stator tooth on performance of two commonly used rotor structures, namely Surface-type and Spoke-type, for a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor. The comparative results are reported for different closing slot conditions. Afterwards by inserting a direct current driven winding or permanent magnets (PMs) into the stator tooth slots of best performed model of previous stage, two hybrid-brushless direct current (HBLDC) motors are introduced and studied. The results demonstrated that slot-closing strategy has high impact on torque fluctuations while the torque produced remain almost constant. For HBLDC, the auxiliary Electro-Magnetic field, placed in stator slot, developed torque performance of the motors. The finite element method (FEM) is used in stages of study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - Optimizing the Cutting of Inconel 718 Sheets with CO2 Laser by Particle Swarm Algorithm
Saeid Kiani Rasoul Tarkesh Esfahani Zahra ZojajiIn this paper, the impact of different operative variables on the quality of cutting of Inconel material 718 is studied. Utilizing Taguchi test design, the input variables including carbon dioxide laser power and the cutting speed for cutting three different thicknesses MoreIn this paper, the impact of different operative variables on the quality of cutting of Inconel material 718 is studied. Utilizing Taguchi test design, the input variables including carbon dioxide laser power and the cutting speed for cutting three different thicknesses of Inconel 718 alloy were investigated in order to achieve the optimal conditions. After obtaining experimental test results, dataset was modeled using artificial neural networks. The neural network model is then used for evaluating candidate solutions in particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm which is employed for optimization of cutting conditions. The results indicated that when the laser power of is 1714 (W), the cutting speed is 1382 (mm/min) and the thickness of the material is 0.8 (mm), The best quality for cutting Inconel 718 is achieved with a carbon dioxide laser cutting machine. The results of optimal cutting parameters of Inconel alloy with carbon dioxide laser which were obtained by PSO were verified through an experimental test and similar papers. The results of this experimental test were very close to the optimal values of the PSO, which demonstrates the efficiency of neural network model in predicting the quality of cutting and the efficiency of PSO in finding optimal conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - Simulation and Analysis of the Effect of Parameters on the Spectral Response of Electric Field Enhancement Factor in the Proposed AFM-TERS System
Mohsen Katebi Jahromi Rahim Ghayour Zahra AdelpourOne of the most important advances in Raman spectroscopy in recent years has been its integration with scanning probe microscopes (SPM), especially atomic force microscopes (AFM). Currently, AFM is recognized as one of the best imaging methods for studying the distribut MoreOne of the most important advances in Raman spectroscopy in recent years has been its integration with scanning probe microscopes (SPM), especially atomic force microscopes (AFM). Currently, AFM is recognized as one of the best imaging methods for studying the distribution of heterogeneous surface in nanoscale dimensions. Scientists are now focused on obtaining more enhancement factor of electric field, to the extent that detection and mapping of only one molecule has become possible with this method. Therefore, spatial resolution is being improved in detecting sub-molecule levels. In this paper, using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) calculation method, the effect of changing the parameters of the probe such as cone angle, tip radius and its material on the electric field intensity near the apex of the probe is investigated. In addition, the effect of polarization of light on the increase of electric field has been analyzed. The simulation results obtained for different cone angles show that the cone angle of 30 degree creates the highest amount of electric field enhancement factor at the tip apex. Furthermore, the use of laser source with radially polarized light and the use of substrate are very effective factors on improving the electric field enhancement factor. Finally, the maximum value of electric field enhancement factor of the proposed configuration is 3.2×104, where this value has been improved significantly comparing to the results reported in the previous papers published in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - Evaluation of Surface Electromyogram Signal Decomposition Methods in the Design of Hand Movement Recognition System
Maryam Karami Mahdi KhezriOne method for determining motor commands to control hand prostheses is to use surface electr­omy­ogr­am (sEMG) signal patterns. Due to the random and non-stationary nature of the signal, the idea of using signal information in small time intervals was inves MoreOne method for determining motor commands to control hand prostheses is to use surface electr­omy­ogr­am (sEMG) signal patterns. Due to the random and non-stationary nature of the signal, the idea of using signal information in small time intervals was investigated. In this study, with the aim of more accurate and faster detection of hand movements, two signal decomposition methods, namely discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) were evaluated. The sEMG sign­als of the Ninapro-DB1 dataset, which were extracted from 27 healthy subjects while performing hand and finger movements, were used to design the system. Simple time domain features with fast calculation capability were extracted for each subband of the decomposed signals. Also, support vector machine (SVM) using different kernel functions was applied as a classifier. The results show that the use of DWT and EMD methods with the ability to access the information of time and frequency sub-intervals of the signals, provides better results in identifying hand movements compared to previous studies. With the EMD method and eight intrinsic mode functions (IMF), the highest recognition accuracy of 83.3% was obtained for six movements. Also, the DWT with the Bior5.5 mother wavelet and five levels of decomposition, achieved 80% recognition accuracy for ten movements and with the Coif2 mother wavelet and six levels of decomposition, the accuracy was 83.33% for eight movements. The results show the better performance of the DWT decomposition method compared to EMD for the design of the hand movement recognition system using sEMG signal patterns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - Robust Identification Based on Extracted Features With Visual Ventral Stream
Zohreh Yaghoubi Morteza Eliasi Ardalan EliasiBiometrics based personal identification is regarded as an effective method for automatic identification, with a high confidence coefficient. A multi modal biometric system consolidates the evidence presented by multiple biometric sources and typically provides better r MoreBiometrics based personal identification is regarded as an effective method for automatic identification, with a high confidence coefficient. A multi modal biometric system consolidates the evidence presented by multiple biometric sources and typically provides better recognition performance compared to systems based on a single biometric modality. So in this paper we use combination of Face, Palm print and Ear characteristic to individual’s authentication. In our approach, features extracted using HMAX model are translation and scale-invariant. Then we applied Support vector machine and K-nearest neighbor classifiers to distinguish the classes. In fusion stage we use matching-score level. Experimental results showed 96% accuracy rate on ORL Face database and 96/6% accuracy rate on POLYU Palm print database and 97% accuracy rate on USTB Ear database; however we achieve 100% accuracy rate on Face, Palm print and Ear multi modal biometric. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - Adaptive Dynamic Surface Control is designed for Twin Rotor unmanned helicopter in three-dimensional space
Amir Reza Moadeli Khoshnam Shojaee Afshin EtesamiIn this paper, the system control design problem twin rotors helicopters Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in three dimensional space Without uncertainty based on the dynamic adaptive control is studied. the adaptive Dynamic surface control approach complexity explosion pr MoreIn this paper, the system control design problem twin rotors helicopters Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in three dimensional space Without uncertainty based on the dynamic adaptive control is studied. the adaptive Dynamic surface control approach complexity explosion problem in non-linear control step back or backstepping method [45] using the First-order filters removed. The first helicopter dynamic equations and functions are examined. Then, the Dynamic surface control techniques by compare non-linear control technique back stepping [45] is checked and the system is simulation by both techniques adaptive Dynamic surface control and nonlinear control back stepping method. The proposed adaptive dynamics surface nonlinear control method approach is able to guarantees that all the signals in the closed-loop system are asymptotically stable for all initial conditions and you can also choose appropriate design parameters of the system output converges to a small neighborhood of origin ensured . Finally, simulation results are presented, showing the effectiveness of control methods are given. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - Comparison of Two Cogging Torque Reducing Methods of 6-Poles Single Phase SMPM
Amir Hossein Tavakol Zadeh Javad Faiz Ghazanfar ShahgholianSurface permanent magnet structure of pm machines is widely used in these types of machines. In the slotted machines, low armature reaction and high overload capability features can be achieved by selecting surface permanent magnets. A uniform air gap, the basic n MoreSurface permanent magnet structure of pm machines is widely used in these types of machines. In the slotted machines, low armature reaction and high overload capability features can be achieved by selecting surface permanent magnets. A uniform air gap, the basic nature of a permanent magnet motor with surface permanent magnet and without slots. Cogging torque creates variable reluctance of the air gap because of slots existence. Cogging torque can be reduced in different ways. This paper surveyed two pm setting methods that are inclusive shifting and sliced surface pm. Results show that shifting method has more effect on reducing of cogging torque. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - A New Approach in Designing Multi-Layer Frequency Selective Surfaces based on Tuning Pole-Zeros of Individual Layers
Mahmoud Fallah Ali AbdolaliIn this paper, a new approach (not new technique) is introduced for designing frequency selective surfaces (FSSs). We try to compose the desired frequency response using the frequency response of each constituent FSS. Also, a new dual-band miniaturized frequency selecti MoreIn this paper, a new approach (not new technique) is introduced for designing frequency selective surfaces (FSSs). We try to compose the desired frequency response using the frequency response of each constituent FSS. Also, a new dual-band miniaturized frequency selective surface is proposed. In contrast to the conventional FSS design technique, the presented structure takes advantage of non-resonance elements and has unit cells with a miniaturized dimension. The proposed FSS cells are composed of two complex and inductive planes that act as a dual-band filter through the pass of electromagnetic wave propagation. The performance of this structure toward various angles of incident waves and different polarizations is stable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - Evaluating the changes in Gavkhuni Wetland using MODIS satellite images in 2000-2016
Maryam Zarei Mahdi Tazeh Vahid Moosavi Saeideh Kalantari -
Open Access Article
425 - Air quality and its impact on climate change in major urban areas across Cairo and Moscow cities
Mohammad Ali Ghoveh Nodoushan Seyedeh Mahtab Pormazar -
Open Access Article
426 - Evaluation of nsm method for strengthening of rc two fixed-end beama with composite of cfrp bars
mohammadkazeme sharbatdar mohammadreza mohamadiyan Near surface mounted (NSM) is a recent strengthening technique based on bonding carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars (rods or laminate strips) into pre-cut grooves on the concrete cover of the elements to strength. The corrosion or lack o More Near surface mounted (NSM) is a recent strengthening technique based on bonding carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars (rods or laminate strips) into pre-cut grooves on the concrete cover of the elements to strength. The corrosion or lack of steel bars in reinforced concrete members and the resulting deterioration of structures prompted research on fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) bars as potential reinforcement for concrete members, for use in new construction. These FRP bars can be used to increase flexural and shear capacity of existing concrete members at NSM (Near Surface Mounted) method. The paper presents the details and results of the experimental and numerical programs. Two large-scale reinforced concrete beams were designed, constructed, and tested under one point concentrated loading system. The specimens had two fixed-end support. They were in same size and reinforcement characteristic. A new type of CFRP bar was proposed in this study, the CFRP bars were manually made in laboratory and were hooked at end for anchoring in concrete. The test results has been used to calibrate the analytical models. Moreover extra analytical work has done. The results indicate that FRP bars can be used effectively in existing structures to increase their flexural capacity and change their crack pattern. Photographs taken at selected stages of loading illustrated the performance of each specimen. The force-displacement was presented and compared to find efficiency of FRP bars at NSM method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - Iranian teachers' Lived experience of virtual teaching in the early days of the coronavirus epidemic
mohammad hassani Sohaila gholam azad Ahad NaveedyThe aim of this study was to investigate the teaching experiences of teachers in cyberspace at the beginning of the coronary quarantine period. The required data were collected through the implementation of an open-ended questionnaire in cyberspace (shad system and teac MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the teaching experiences of teachers in cyberspace at the beginning of the coronary quarantine period. The required data were collected through the implementation of an open-ended questionnaire in cyberspace (shad system and teachers' social networks). Teachers' narratives were extracted using software (MAXQDA) analysis, summarization, classification (open, axial and selective coding) and main themes. Two general themes (preparing for the transition from face-to-face pedagogy to virtual / virtual education implementation) and six categories (entering cyberspace / inviting to a virtual class / virtual teaching / virtual homework / evaluating virtual academic achievement / parental cooperation in virtual teaching) Obtained. Findings show that at the beginning of changing their teaching practice from face to face, teachers have simulated their usual educational pattern in cyberspace and have not paid enough attention to the pedagogical knowledge and principles of teaching in cyberspace. There was also widespread pessimism about the quality and effectiveness of e-learning among teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - The effectiveness of teaching philosophy through comic strip media on the quality of mindfulness of fifth grade elementary students
fatemeh poursajadi Soroush SozangarThe aim of the authors research is to present an educational plan usingFacebook and comic strip media to improve the quality level of children's mental awareness.Method: The present research is of applied type and its statistical populationwas all fifth grade students o MoreThe aim of the authors research is to present an educational plan usingFacebook and comic strip media to improve the quality level of children's mental awareness.Method: The present research is of applied type and its statistical populationwas all fifth grade students of Dezful city, among whom 60 people were selected by two-stage cluster sampling method and replaced in two groups of 30 people, experimental and control. The tools used in this research wereresearcher-made comic strip and Grieco (2010) Mindfulness Questionnaire inChildren and Adolescents (CAMM), which was completed in two phases: pre-test and post-test. In order to implement the independent variable, in 8 sessions and during 4 weeks, 8 stories from classical Persian texts were selected for the experimental group and the same topics were performed for the control groupthrough the lecture method.The findings showed that the educational program had a significant impact on the growth of students' mindfulness, so that the effect size on mindfulness was 62.32% (P<0.05.(Conclusion: Fabak's approach using the comic strip media as a visual andattractive media for teaching content can lead to strengthening the level of children's mindfulness in real situations and deepening the learning experiences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - Evaluation of Incubation Time, Salt and Date Waste in Production of Orange Pigment by Monascus purpureus Using Response Surface Methodology
Mahshid Asghari Mahshid Jahadi Nafiseh GhasemiseproMonacus purpureus (M. purpureus)produce six types of pigments from yellow to dark red color pigments. Monascus­ fungus has been welcomed due to its various pigment production and healing properties. The aim of this study, evaluation of incubation time (11-21days), s MoreMonacus purpureus (M. purpureus)produce six types of pigments from yellow to dark red color pigments. Monascus­ fungus has been welcomed due to its various pigment production and healing properties. The aim of this study, evaluation of incubation time (11-21days), salt (7-12 %) and date waste (15-55%) in production of orange pigment by M. purpureus using response surface methodology in solid state. After optimization of these factors, it was showed the highest amount of orange pigment was obtained during the 21-day incubation period, 7% salt and the date syrup concentration was 55%. In optimum conditions, a maximum yield of orange pigment was 5.31 (ODU.ml-1), fermentation yield was 0.252 (ODU.ml-1.day-1), pigment production yield per biomass 0.623 (ODU.mg-1), yield of orange production per carbon source consumption 0.043 (ODU.gr- 1), the substrate conversion rate was 93 (%). The results of this study showed that date waste and Wheat Straw could be used as an affordable and effective substrate for the production of orange pigment by M. purpureus fungus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - Optimization of the Orang Pigment Production by monascus purpureus from Date Waste Using Response Surface Methodology
Fatemeh Bakhshi Mahshid JahadiPigments produced by Monascus spp. can be used as food grade biocolorant and are preferred over the synthetic variants which elicit various adverse effects. Monascus purpureus PTCC 5303 has been investigated in the present study for orang pigment production employing su MorePigments produced by Monascus spp. can be used as food grade biocolorant and are preferred over the synthetic variants which elicit various adverse effects. Monascus purpureus PTCC 5303 has been investigated in the present study for orang pigment production employing submerged fermentation. Central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the three significant medium components (date sugar concentration (20-60 g/l), salt (6-12%) and pH (6-9)). According to the response surface point prediction analysis, date sugar concentration of 20 g/l, NaCl 6% with 9 pH of medium could give maximum orang pigment yield up to 6.7 OD. Under optimized experimental conditions, a maximum yield of orang pigment, biomass productivity, substrate conversion and productivity of orang pigment production were 6.24±0.05 (OD),7.2 (g/l), 82 (%) and 5.36 (g/l.day), respectively. From the results of this study, date waste can be used as a low cost substrate for the production of orang pigment in large scale studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - Optimization of the Extraction Process of Aqueous and Alcoholic (Ethanol) Extracts of Allium Ampelloprasuml Plant by Response Surface Methodology and Its Antioxidant Effect on Soybean Oil Stability over Shelf Life
الهام Azadfar Maryam Sabetghadam زهره Bahrami بیتا BeyzaeiPlants contain phenolic compounds ranging from simple molecules such as phenolic acids to highly polymerized molecules such as tannins Phenols and polyphenols in plant tissues have gained increasing scientific interest because of their potential beneficial effects on hu MorePlants contain phenolic compounds ranging from simple molecules such as phenolic acids to highly polymerized molecules such as tannins Phenols and polyphenols in plant tissues have gained increasing scientific interest because of their potential beneficial effects on human health..In this study, Allium ampelloprasum L plant was prepared and homogenized from Sabzevar. The extraction was performed by the ultrasound extraction method using ethanol and water solvent. The amount of and antioxidant compounds of extracts was investigated by and DPPH methods, respectively. The results of the optimization process have shown that the optimum conditions of alcoholic extraction were determined as 17.81 minutes with the concentration of 800. Also, the optimum conditions for the aqueous extraction were determined as the concentration of 800 ppm and the time of 13.52 minutes. According to the optimization results, the extraction amount of antioxidant compounds in aqueous and alcoholic extractions were reported as 33.893-33.499, respectively. The results of the oxidative stability of oil have shown that the peroxide and thiobarbituric acid index in water and alcoholic extraction were 1.938-3.158 and 0.173-0.337, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Antioxidant Effect optimization of ethanol extract of Cirsium vulgare on oxidative stability of soybean oil and comparison with synthetic antioxidant (BHT)
الهام Azadfar Maryam Sabetghadam زهره Bahrami بیتا BeyzaeiVarious factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzymes can affect the oxidative stability of oils and lipids and finally, oxidative rancidity can occur. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been questioned to delay oxidative rancidity due to their MoreVarious factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzymes can affect the oxidative stability of oils and lipids and finally, oxidative rancidity can occur. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been questioned to delay oxidative rancidity due to their toxicity and carcinogenic probability. This study aims to optimize the oxidant performance of an ethanolic extract of Cirsium vulgare on oxidative stability of soybean oil and compare it with synthetic antioxidants (BHT). In this study, Cirsium vulgare extract was extracted under the influence of concentration (100-300 ppm), duration hours and temperatures . After performing different experiments on the extraction of the best extraction conditions, the best extraction conditions were determined using response surface methodology and extraction in optimum conditions. Data analysis was carried out. The results of the optimization process showed that the oxidative stability of oil showed that; time 24.0 min and concentration 100/01temperature 44/745 were determined. Results showed that the optimum sample of Cirsium vulgare in the stability of soybean oil during storage time was more effective than synthetic antioxidant (BHT), due to higher levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant present in the optimized sample of Cirsium vulgare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - The effect of rice flour on survival of Lactobacillus paracasei in fruit yoghurt and its qualitative properties with response surface methodology
Farnaz Nabizadeh Paniz ZinsazIn this study the effect of rice flour on survival of lactobacillus paracasei and qualitative properties of fruit yogurt was investigated during storage, using response surface method (RSM). For this, rice flour in three ranges of (0, 1.5 and 3%) was added to the milk. MoreIn this study the effect of rice flour on survival of lactobacillus paracasei and qualitative properties of fruit yogurt was investigated during storage, using response surface method (RSM). For this, rice flour in three ranges of (0, 1.5 and 3%) was added to the milk. Then the milk and was pasteurized in 85ºC for 15 minutes. After cooling, yoghurt starter culture and probiotic bacterium inoculated in 43 ºC and added into sterile containers containing 15% peach puree. The samples were incubated in 42 ºC until reaching pH 4.6 ±0.1. Then the samples were cooled down to 4 ºC and refrigerated in the same temperature until experiment day. Survival of lactobacillus paracasei, pH, amount of moisture, acidity, syneresis and apparent viscosity and sensory properties were investigated in three periods of (1, 11 and 21 days). The statistical analysis of the results showed that with increasing of rice flour, lactobacillus paracasei count increased and decreased during storage (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - کاهش نیتریت در سوسیس با استفاده از روش سطح پاسخ و بکارگیری اسانس مرزه ی بختیاری و پودر گوجه
بنفشه محمدی نفیسه جهانبخشیان مریم جعفریBackground & Aim: The use of synthetic additives is one of the main approaches for preventing microbial growth and oxidative reactions in meat products. These preservatives were recently marked as unhealthy to humans; therefore, the consumers demand for fresh, natur MoreBackground & Aim: The use of synthetic additives is one of the main approaches for preventing microbial growth and oxidative reactions in meat products. These preservatives were recently marked as unhealthy to humans; therefore, the consumers demand for fresh, natural, and negligibly processed products with lower content of artificial additives is increasing.Experimental: The effect of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge essential oil (EO) and tomato powder (TP) to optimize sausage formulation with reduced nitrite content was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effects of different levels of EO (200-400 ppm), TP (5-15%) as Hurdles, and sodium nitrite (SN) (0-300 ppm) in sausage formulation during storage (0- 24 days). Dependent variables including residual nitrite, pH, color indices, microbial load, and hardness were investigated and finally model optimization and validation were conducted.Results: The results showed that residual nitrite was strongly depending on initial added nitrite and storage time (p<0.001), so the use of nitrite substituent was undeniable to have an improved sausage formulation without microbial defect. RSM represented a quadratic model for all responses except in texture which was linear and the pH and microbial load showed interaction. The optimized predicted values for SN, EO and TP were 56 ppm, 378 ppm and 5%, respectively. The model validation revealed that the results of the experiments were in good agreement with the predicted values.Recommended applications/industries: The results of the present study can be useful for consideration in meat products industry to reduce the nitrite level in sausage formulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - استخراج روغن کنجد با کمک امواج فراصوت
حسن غزالی وردنجانی سمیه تقیان مهدی عمو حیدریمقدمه و هدف: کنجد یکی از قدیمیترین گیاهان کشت شده در جهان و یکی از قدیمیترین محصولات روغنی مورد استفاده بشر است. روغن کنجد به عنوان یک روغن صنعتی،خوراکی و دارویی دارای اهمیت ویژهای است. امروزه استفاده از امواج فراصوت با توجه به اثرات مؤثر آن در نگهداری و فرآیند مواد Moreمقدمه و هدف: کنجد یکی از قدیمیترین گیاهان کشت شده در جهان و یکی از قدیمیترین محصولات روغنی مورد استفاده بشر است. روغن کنجد به عنوان یک روغن صنعتی،خوراکی و دارویی دارای اهمیت ویژهای است. امروزه استفاده از امواج فراصوت با توجه به اثرات مؤثر آن در نگهداری و فرآیند مواد غذایی گسترش قابل توجهای یافته است. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق از مدل آماری سطح پاسخ به منظور بررسی اثرات دو متغیر نسبت دانه به حلال و زمان استخراج باامواج فراصوت بر متغیرهای وابسته شامل راندمان استخراج، عدد پراکسید، عدد 2-تیوباربیتوریک اسید، فاکتورهای رنگ سنجی و نوع و میزان اسیدهای چرب موجود در روغن استحصالی استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد افزایش نسبت حلال به دانه و زمان استخراج با امواج فراصوت دارای اثر آماری معنیداری (01/0 P ≤)بر افزایش راندمان استخراج بودند. شرایط عملیاتی بهینه برای فرآیند استخراج جهت حصول بیشینه راندمان شامل زمان استخراج 55 دقیقه و نسبت دانه به حلال 25/0 تعیین شد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج این مقاله نشان داد که فرایند استخراج اولتراسونیک نسبت به زمان مشابه استخراج با روش سوکسله، بازده بیشتری حاصل نمود. همچنین نتایج حاکی از آن بود که امواج فراصوت تأثیر نامطلوبی روی رنگ روغن استخراج شده نداشت و در شرایطی حتی باعث بهبود رنگ روغن استحصالی نیز شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - The Role of Social Networks in the Middle East Developments with Emphasis on Facebook
Ebrahim AnoshehNowadays the communication and interaction of individuals have to a great extent expanded to cyber space. The sphere of these interactions and communication are something more than exchange of emails, chat rooms or web log writings. At present the cyber social networks MoreNowadays the communication and interaction of individuals have to a great extent expanded to cyber space. The sphere of these interactions and communication are something more than exchange of emails, chat rooms or web log writings. At present the cyber social networks are doing these interactions in a more comprehensive and broader ways. The cyber social networks with their exclusive abilities and potentials like informing, awaking, strengthening the expansion of relations between individuals, the power to mobilize in different spheres (social, cultural and political) play an important and undeniable role. The aim of the present article is examining and evaluating the role of cyber social networks in recent developments of the Middle East and North Africa. How far the cyber social networks, particularly Facebook have been able to influence shaping, continuation and success of recent Middle East countries developments? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by nano bismuth oxide: Process modeling by response surface methodology (RSM)
Seyed Ali Hosseini Ramin Saeedi -
Open Access Article
438 - Surface modification of γ-alumina by NaNO2, NaNO3, HNO2, HNO3 and H2SO4: A DFT-D approach
Mehdi Zamani Hossein A. Dabbagh -
Open Access Article
439 - Photo corrosion of titania nanotubes within water splitting reaction
Shahab Khameneh Asl Deniz Unar -
Open Access Article
440 - Modification of silica with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazanomethylphenol for monosaccharide productions
Kasim Mohammed Hello Hayder Mihsen Mosa -
Open Access Article
441 - Synthesis of ternary Ce2O3/La2O3/Fe3O4 oxides as a potential catalyst for SO2 reduction by CH4 to sulfur
Abdol Hossein Khangah Mohammad Javad Sarraf Habib Ale Ebrahim Masoumeh Tabatabaee -
Open Access Article
442 - Optimization of main parameters affecting activity and octane number produced from catalytic isomerization of n-heptane using response surface methodology
Nastaran Parsafard -
Open Access Article
443 - IMPORTANT ISSUES IN MULTIPLE RESPONSE OPTIMIZATION
محمد طالقانی -
Open Access Article
444 - Convex Surface Visualization Using Rational Bi- cubic Function
Malik Zawwar Hussain Fareeha Saadia Maria Hussain -
Open Access Article
445 - ارزیابی دمای سطح بدن در جوجههای گوشتی بر اساس سن، دمای هوا و وضعیت پر در طول دوره پرورش
م. مقبلی دامنه ا. برازنده م. ستایی مختاری اُ اسماعیلیپور ی. بدخشانناحیه آسایش حرارتی دارای اهمیت حیاتی برای حفظ همئوستازی دمای بدن جوجه­های گوشتی می­باشد. از آنجاییکه دمای سطح بدن در آسایش حرارتی مؤثر می­باشد، می­توان برای ارزیابی تعادل گرمایی در حیوانات از آن استفاده نمود. بخشی از بدن جوجه­های گوشتی به وسیله پرها Moreناحیه آسایش حرارتی دارای اهمیت حیاتی برای حفظ همئوستازی دمای بدن جوجه­های گوشتی می­باشد. از آنجاییکه دمای سطح بدن در آسایش حرارتی مؤثر می­باشد، می­توان برای ارزیابی تعادل گرمایی در حیوانات از آن استفاده نمود. بخشی از بدن جوجه­های گوشتی به وسیله پرها پوشیده شده است از اینرو، جریان حرارتی در لایه مرزی بین بدن جوجههای گوشتی و محیط در نواحی پردار و بدون پر متفاوت است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بکارگیری مدل­های رگرسیونی خطی با استفاده از دمای محیط و سن برای پیش­بینی دمای سطح بدن در نقاط پردار و بدون پر بود. بدین منظور دمای سطحی 8 نقطه مختلف از بدن جوجه­ها با استفاده از یک دماسنج مادون قرمز در طول دوره 6 هفتگی پرورش اندازه­گیری شد. همبستگی بالای بین دمای نواحی پردار و محیط نشان داد که این نقاط سریعتر به تغییرات دمای محیط پرورش پاسخ می­دهند. برای پیش­بینی میانگین دمای سطح بدن و همچنین تفاوت دمای سطح بدن و محیط به صورت تابعی از دمای هوا، سن و نواحی پردار و بدون پر 6 معادله برازش داده شد. با افزایش دمای محیط میانگین دمای سطح بدن و تفاوت دمای سطح بدن و محیط به ترتیب افزایش و کاهش یافت (05/0>P). اثر سن بر تفاوت دمای سطح بدن و محیط مانند اثر آن بر دمای سطح بدن برای نقاط پردار و بدون پر متفاوت بود. بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه، پیشنهاد می­شود که تفاوت بین نقاط پردار و بدون پر در مدلهایی که برای پیش­بینی دمای سطح بدن جوجه­های گوشتی مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرند در نظر گرفته شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - The Effects of Sugar Beet Pulp with Tallow and Soybean Oil on Broiler Chicken Performance and Jejunum Morphology
F. Aziz-Aliabadi A. Hassanabadi A. Golian S. Zerehdaran H. Noruzi -
Open Access Article
447 - Comparative Expression Analysis of Spermatogonial Stem Cell Markers in Cattle and Sheep
F. Nasri Ahangar M. Zandi M.R. Sanjabi A. Ghaedrahmati -
Open Access Article
448 - Investigating the relationship between water stress index (CWSI) and yield of maize in Qazvin region
reza saeidiIn order to scheduling the irrigation time and estimation the crop yield with CWSI index, a research was done on maize (S.C. 704). The experiment was performed as factorial in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were included the water stress in growth stages MoreIn order to scheduling the irrigation time and estimation the crop yield with CWSI index, a research was done on maize (S.C. 704). The experiment was performed as factorial in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were included the water stress in growth stages of 6-leaf, 12-leaf, flowering, seeds doughing and a control treatment with full irrigation. At the threshold of water stress, CWSI index values for the above growth stages were estimated to be 0.37, 0.54, 0.63 and 0.47, respectively. Therefore, irrigation time was recommended when the CWSI index reached to the above values. Maize biomass yield in control and stress treatments at growth stages of 6-leaf, 12-leaf, flowering and seeds doughing, was measured equal to 60.1, 55.5, 48.2, 45.1 and 50 (t.ha-1), respectively. The results showed there was a relationship of Y(ton.ha-1)=-25.603CWSI+62.049 between the CWSI index and maize yield. Therefore, crop yield was estimated by the amount of CWSI index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
449 - Geomorphological zoning with minaret basic forms in line with the optimal location of flood spreading
sedighe ebrahimiyan mohomad nohtani hossein sadeghimazidiIn this study, the quantitative zoning is used to identify areas suitable for artificial recharge in the mountainous area of Gohar and Garbayegan plain, Fars province fitting a linear fundamental form to the surface. The structures with grade two for triplex windows and MoreIn this study, the quantitative zoning is used to identify areas suitable for artificial recharge in the mountainous area of Gohar and Garbayegan plain, Fars province fitting a linear fundamental form to the surface. The structures with grade two for triplex windows and the data from the digital elevation model with a resolution of 10 m was used to determine the best fitable fundamental structure. The sum of square differences of the surface differences is used as an indicator to determine the degree of fitting the fundamental structures. By fitting the interpretable patterns to the Earth's surface it can be determined that the earth was similar to what pattern and formation mechanism. Mountain ranges upstream alluvial cones and plains located downstream of the upstream alluvial cones are not linear levels. Places which are not at the acceptable slope (gradient less than 0.002 and higher than 0.1) allocated to the zero fitting degrees and the fitting degree values are positive in alluvial cones and areas fall in the acceptable range of the slope. The results show that the surfaces located downstream of the alluvial cones and the plains are most suitable areas for floodwater spreading in the Garbayegan watershedIn this study, the quantitative zoning is used to identify areas suitable for artificial recharge in the mountainous area of Gohar and Garbayegan plain, Fars province fitting a linear fundamental form to the surface. The structures with grade two for triplex windows and the data from the digital elevation model with a resolu Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - Expression of some stress-responsive genes in tomato plants treated with ABA and sulfonamide compounds.
Leila Zeinali Yedegari Nayer Mohammadkhani -
Open Access Article
451 - Obstacles to perfection and ways to face them, in the logic of Altair Attar
Seyedeh Pargol Shamsi Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Ali FathollahiThe path to reach Hazrate Haq is a long and winding path. In order to successfully cross this difficult passage, one must know the road obstacles well. The purpose of this research is to investigate the obstacles to human perfection and the way to face these obstacles i MoreThe path to reach Hazrate Haq is a long and winding path. In order to successfully cross this difficult passage, one must know the road obstacles well. The purpose of this research is to investigate the obstacles to human perfection and the way to face these obstacles in the Manteqolteyr of Attarnishabouri. The author has used the descriptive method with the content analysis method for writing and useing the descriptive and rational reasoning method to analyze the information. It is necessary to carry out this research because Attar has used a special method to express the obstacles to perfection and how to deal with them in Manteqolteyr, which is definitely more effective than others. In this research, any factor (from Attar's point of view) that prevents a person from attaining closeness to God is referred to as "obstacle". Based on the results of the study, factors such as: worldliness, egoism, status quo, ignorance, etc. are obstacles to God's approach and human perfection, and the seeker of God must know these obstacles and ways to face them; so that he can achieve true perfection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
452 - Entropy Measures of Irregularity and Complexity for Surface Electrocardiogram Time Series in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
Chandrakar Kamath -
Open Access Article
453 - Novel Texture Description and Face Identification Methods by Defining Bridle Paths and Using Gabor Phases
Morteza Eliasi Mohammad Taghi Manzuri Zohreh Yaghoubi Ardalan Eliasi -
Open Access Article
454 - Face recognition using sparce reprasentations and p-laplacian
Homayun Motameni -
Open Access Article
455 - Optimal Design of Three Phase Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor by Particle Swarm optimization and Bees Algorithm for Minimum Volume and Maximum Torque
Sahra Khazaei Abdolhossein Tahani Mohammad Yazdani-Asrami S. Asghar Gholamian -
Open Access Article
456 - Natural Interaction with Projected Screen on Surfaces using Infrared Depth Camera
Faraein Aeini -
Open Access Article
457 - Analysis Temperature patterns associated with urban land use using remote sensing data (Case Study: Kermanshah city)
mehdi narengifard Ahmad mazidi esmaeil abdoliLand use and land cover diversity and difference on one hand and changes in destruction of green space of the urban landscape as a result of increasing population and expanding dense urban areas on the other hand would result in change in energy balance, heat accumulati MoreLand use and land cover diversity and difference on one hand and changes in destruction of green space of the urban landscape as a result of increasing population and expanding dense urban areas on the other hand would result in change in energy balance, heat accumulation and temperature patterns in urban areas. Thus, the analysis of user relationships and the influence of land cover on slopes temperature can influence each other and play an important role in urban management. In this study, the thermal patterns in Kermanshah, a city in west of Iran as the main center of population which is faced with a growing population and high rates of immigration was studied. The purpose of this study is to extract heat patterns and land use in urban areas using remote sensing data. Therefore, classification of land cover classification based on the maximum likelihood algorithm is applied and the land surface temperature from TM sensor Landsat satellite images using to date: 31 August 2011 was measured. The results represented five temperature ranges and three residential users, vegetation and barren derived from the city in which barren land use, residential and vegetation temperature range of 30-36 ° C and 16-22 and 25-26 have occupied the largest area data Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
458 - کنترل آلودگی های درون شیشه ای Dionysia tapetodes به منظور ارائه روش بهینه ریزازدیادی این گیاه
لیلا سمیعی Maedeh Aghdaei سعیدرضا وصالآلودگی­های میکروبی درون شیشه­ای، یکی از مهمترین مشکلات در فرایندکشت بافت گیاهان می­باشند. تلاش­های اولیه جهت ریزازدیادی Dionysia tapetodes که یک گیاه زیبای بالشتکی صخره­ای در شمال شرق ایران می­باشد، منجر به صد درصد آلودگی ریزنمونه­ها گر Moreآلودگی­های میکروبی درون شیشه­ای، یکی از مهمترین مشکلات در فرایندکشت بافت گیاهان می­باشند. تلاش­های اولیه جهت ریزازدیادی Dionysia tapetodes که یک گیاه زیبای بالشتکی صخره­ای در شمال شرق ایران می­باشد، منجر به صد درصد آلودگی ریزنمونه­ها گردید. از این رو مطالعه حاضر به منظور ارائه پروتکل مؤثر ضدعفونی سطحی ریزنمونه­های گیاه دیونیزیا با استفاده از مواد ضدعفونی کننده مختلف مانند هیپوکلریت سدیم، اتانول و کلرید جیوه در غلظت­ها و زمان­های مختلف صورت گرفت. مؤثرترین روش ضدعفونی که منجر به دستیابی به 6/91 درصد ریزنمونه­های سالم گردید با استفاده از کلرید جیوه با غلظت 1/0 درصد به مدت 4 دقیقه بدست آمد، البته این ماده در غلظت­های بالاتر ( 2/0 درصد) برای بافت­های گیاه حالت سمیت نشان داد و منجر به نکروزه شدن بافت ریزنمونه­ها به میزان 66/41 درصد گردید. همچنین علی­رغم اینکه هیپوکلریت سدیم به عنوان یک ماده ضدعفونی کننده عمومی در کشت بافت شناخته شده است، این ماده به اندازه کلرید جیوه در حذف آلودگی­های میکروبی در ریزنمونه­های گیاه دیونیزیا مؤثر نبود و استفاده از آن در غلظت 3 درصد و به مدت 15 دقیقه در فرایند ضدعفونی باعث بروز 75 درصد آلودگی میکروبی در ریزنمونه­ها شد. در مجموع در مطالعه حاضر یک روش بهینه جهت ضدعفونی ریزنمونه های D. tapetodes و دسترسی به گیاهان عاری از بیماری این گیاه ارائه گردید که این امر می­تواند فرایند ریزازدیادی گیاه دیونیزیا را در آینده تسهیل نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
459 - Opportunities for Facebook to Improve Knowledge Transfer to Farmers and Enhance Agricultural Extension
Padraig Wims Aine Galvin -
Open Access Article
460 - Analyzing Applications and Problems of Blended Learning (BL) for Agricultural Students
Reza Movahedi -
Open Access Article
461 - Biostratigraphy and depositional environment of the Asmari Formation in Gachsaran Well No. 25
Iraj Maghfouri Moghadam Mohammad Akbari Ali Rahmani -
Open Access Article
462 - Behavioral evaluation of soil-based rocking foundations against seismic loading: A review study
Arash Esmatkhah Irani masoud Hajialilue-Bonab Fariba Behrooz Sarand Hooshang Katebi -
Open Access Article
463 - Geo-engineering Properties of subsurface Soils in parts of Northcentral Nigeria: Implications for Construction of Road Pavements
Ernest Akudo Isaac Oguche Godwin Aigbadon George Ozulu -
Open Access Article
464 - Application of orthogonal array technique and particle swarm optimization approach in surface roughness modification when face milling AISI1045 steel parts
Masoud Azadi Moghaddam Farhad Kolahan -
Open Access Article
465 - Optimisation of wire-cut EDM process parameter by Grey-based response surface methodology
Amit Kumar Tarun Soota Jitendra Kumar -
Open Access Article
466 - The analysis of residuals variation and outliers to obtain robust response surface
Mahdi Bashiri Amir Moslemi -
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467 - On the use of back propagation and radial basis function neural networks in surface roughness prediction
Angelos P. Markopoulos Sotirios Georgiopoulos Dimitrios E. Manolakos -
Open Access Article
468 - An experimental analysis and optimization of machining rate and surface characteristics in WEDM of Monel-400 using RSM and desirability approach
Vinod Kumar Vikas Kumar Kamal Kumar Jangra -
Open Access Article
469 - A weighted metric method to optimize multi-response robust problems
R Noorossana M Kamali Ardakani -
Open Access Article
470 - Integrated User-friendly Environment For A 2-D Nonlinear Analysis Program
Hugo Rodrigues Xavier Romão Aníbal Costa Humberto Varum -
Open Access Article
471 - Measuring librarians and users’ satisfaction with interface of Simorgh (Library software) at Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi and analyzing its elements and features
Mohammad Reza Hosseyni abineh ee iraj radadPurpose: The aim of this paper is identifying and analyzing elements and features of Simorgh library software, and measuring its users and librarians’ satisfaction. Methodology: The methodology of this study is of survey type and it is an applied study. Tools for MorePurpose: The aim of this paper is identifying and analyzing elements and features of Simorgh library software, and measuring its users and librarians’ satisfaction. Methodology: The methodology of this study is of survey type and it is an applied study. Tools for data collection is QUIS questionnaire that was distributed among all librarians and 386 users of Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi whom were selected through simple random sampling without replacement. Both descriptive and deductive statistics methods were utilized for data analysis. Findings: Findings showed that the level of satisfaction of participants with interaction to Simorgh software is in average, whereas the librarians were significantly more satisfied than the users. The highest level of satisfaction of users and librarians was related to general reaction with interaction to Simorgh software and interface display, while the lowest level of satisfaction was related to software help and interface vocabularies and messages. Conclusion: Efficiency of user interface of Simorgh software from the view of users and librarians of Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi is in average and in a few cases is higher than medium, and with more attention to the consistency of user interface elements and features of the software to the needs, views and features of different groups of users can be added to their satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
472 - Perspective of Islamic Azad University Chaloos Branch faculty members about user interface of Islamic Azad University Digital Library based Nilson's Model
Zahra Basti mitra ghiasiPurpose: The aim of this study was checking how well the faculty of Azad Islamic University of Chaloos understand the digital library‘s user interface based on Nilson Model. Methodology: The research method of this research was analytic - measurement. Statistical MorePurpose: The aim of this study was checking how well the faculty of Azad Islamic University of Chaloos understand the digital library‘s user interface based on Nilson Model. Methodology: The research method of this research was analytic - measurement. Statistical population included 310 of faculty members of Azad Islamic University of Chaloos. The method of sampling is random systematic. The mass of sample based on Cokeran formula had defined 172 persons. The research instrument was a questionnaire, the Cronbachalpha coefficient value was 0.7560. Descriptive and non-parametric Mann-Whitney, UtestandWilcoxon and T Student were used for analytical measurements. Spss Software was used for data analysis. Findings: Results showed that 10 out of the UI component model of software Nielsen in terms of faculty were above average. There was a meaningful correlation between Satisfaction of faculty members about interface and its familiarity with the user interface, there was a significant correlation between the components except (help users to identify, correct errors) between faculty satisfaction rate of user interfaces. In other components, there was no significant relationship.The hypothesis test showed no significant differences between the views of different groups of educational faculty members about user interface of the software. Conclusion: Based on the viewpoint of faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Chaloos Branch Library software user interface represents the average level of satisfaction. Faculty satisfaction depended on their familiarity with the user interface, but there was no significant difference between different educational groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
473 - Analysis of User Interface Vocabularies in Web of Knowledge, Scopus Databases: an Investigation of the Ability to Understanding of Shahid Beheshti’s MA Students
Azra Daei Amir Ghaebi Amir Reza AsnafiPurpose: Current study has been done to assess the ability to understand the Vocabularies used in the user interface of Web of knowledge and Scopus databases by Shahid Beheshti’s graduate students. Methodology: The methodology of present research is quantitativ MorePurpose: Current study has been done to assess the ability to understand the Vocabularies used in the user interface of Web of knowledge and Scopus databases by Shahid Beheshti’s graduate students. Methodology: The methodology of present research is quantitative. A survey has been done as a research method. The research population was graduate students studying in Shahid Beheshti University and the random sampling method is used. The data were collected by questionnaire from 350 graduate students who 309 (88%) of them responded to the questionnaire. Findings: The results showed that Vocabularies used in interfaces of both databases had good capabilities of understanding. 69.4% of Vocabularies studied in Web of knowledge have very high and high level of understanding and 30.6% of words had the modest capabilities of understanding. According to results of words studied in Scopus, 59.5% of Vocabularies had very high and high capabilities of understanding. However 24.3% of the words have the modest and the 16.2% of the Vocabularies had low and very low capabilities of understanding. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that the plural words have higher level of understanding than singular words; also the level of understanding of short sentences is higher than long sentences; the understanding level of imperatives sentences is higher than declarative sentences and adjectival phrases and explanation of the words effect on the understanding of words concept. The results of the research showed that familiarity with and use of the database and the knowledge of English language effect on the better understanding of words. Finally, by using the obtained results and to enhance of theVocabularies understanding capabilities the suggestions is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - User Interface Features of Library software and Utilization of Them: A Comparative Study of students and librarians' attitudes
alireza rahimi Roghaieh Ghazavi Sima Shafie parisa shafiiPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes and satisfaction of students and librarians in Isfahan University of medical Sciences toward the traits of Pars Azarakhsh library software interface and comparing the students’ and librarians’ att MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes and satisfaction of students and librarians in Isfahan University of medical Sciences toward the traits of Pars Azarakhsh library software interface and comparing the students’ and librarians’ attitudes. Methodology: The research method was descriptive survey which conducted in 2009. For gathering data in this study a questionnaire was used, consisting of 51 closed questions which was confirmed its validity and reliability (α= 0.81). The population was included of students and librarians in Isfahan University of medical Sciences. Librarians were those who were working in libraries of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (50 persons); and students were selected via quota sampling. Thereupon from all of Isfahan University of medical Sciences students (5144 persons), 210 persons were selected. Descriptive statistics methods (frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation) were used for data analysis. Findings: The results of this research showed that among variables of student's satisfaction from Pars Azarakhsh user interface environment, total status, pageant, letters and messages of software, learning how to use software was medium; and their satisfaction from help, and other capabilities was less than medium. In all students' satisfaction from Pars Azarakhsh software user interface environment was medium (3.03 of 5). Also in view of librarians, some variables like pageant, letters and messages of software, learning how to use software was medium and upper than medium, which showed that librarians have satisfaction from these variables. Also librarian's satisfaction from help and other capabilities was less than medium. All librarian' satisfaction from Pars Azarakhsh software user interface environment was medium (3.20 of 5). Conclusion: Between all studied variables of software interface, some variables like pageant, letters and messages of software, learning how to use software were in good situation but variables like help and other capabilities needed to be revised and improved. Recognition of user's needs from library software and obviating them persuade users to use library software and also will cause their satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - Evaluation of the characteristics of Rasa user interface
fatemeh Mohajery raheleh mohammad salehiIn this research, Rasa user interface is evaluated using heuristic approach. Results showed that in designing Rasa user interface, 64 percent of needed criteria were observed and the most observed one belongs to the aesthetics (90 percent), and the least observed one wa MoreIn this research, Rasa user interface is evaluated using heuristic approach. Results showed that in designing Rasa user interface, 64 percent of needed criteria were observed and the most observed one belongs to the aesthetics (90 percent), and the least observed one was 70 percent belonging to the error prevention. Results of this research show that although most of the criteria have been observed but there are a lot of problems in user interface of Rasa software which should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - Determination of user interface of the Persian Databases (Magiran& Science Information Database)
Masoumeh Mansouri Yaghoub NorouziPurpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the user interface of Magiran& SID databases to define their compatibility to Nielsen criteria, and the fundamental problems of user interface based on expert user view. Methodology: This applied research has been MorePurpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the user interface of Magiran& SID databases to define their compatibility to Nielsen criteria, and the fundamental problems of user interface based on expert user view. Methodology: This applied research has been carried out based on a heuristics evaluation. Five experts/academicians in knowledge and information science, who were selected through a theoretical sampling and accessible approach, evaluated the aforementioned databases by utilizing a checklist including 10 Nielsen main components and 115 sub-components. For each component was considered severity rating. Multiplying the score of each component in severity rating were analyzed in excel. Finally for each principal component was calculated the sum and the percentage of scores. Findings: Results showed that the Magiran database could obtain 239.5 scores and SID database got 167.75 out of 402 scores of the sub-components. Furthermore findings explain that the level of compatibility between Magiran database with 10 component of Nielsen is 59.73 (slightly more than average), and is 43.65 in the SID database (less than average). Conclusion: Among the 10 components of Nilsson which studied, in Magiran database element of Consistency and Standards showed more compatibility with the criteria in compliance with 90.5 percent of criteria, and the element of Flexibility and Minimalist Design in compliance with 9.7 percent showed minimum compatibility. In SID database the element of Match between System and the Real World showed maximum compatibility through obtaining 84.2 points, and the element of Help users Recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors showed minimum compatibility with a score of zero. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
477 - Factors affecting on quality of search interface digital based on functional requirements of Bertot from point of view staff and librarians of Isfahan University
Jaleh Fazeli Najaf Abadi ahmad shabani saeed Rajai pur gadi Sharif MoghaddamObjective: This research aims to investigate the factors affecting the quality of search digital interface based on functional requirements of Bertot from librarians’ point of view and staff of university libraries in city of Isfahan. Methodology: The research me MoreObjective: This research aims to investigate the factors affecting the quality of search digital interface based on functional requirements of Bertot from librarians’ point of view and staff of university libraries in city of Isfahan. Methodology: The research method is descriptive survey. The statistical population consists of 169 librarians and staff in University of academic of Isfahan, and the sample is estimated 112. Data achieved through a researcher- made questionnaire, and analyzed the data with SPSS Software. Findings: The findings showed that the effect of all the components were higher than average. The results of Hotteling t2 showed that the amount of effect of providing keywords search is more than other components and the amount of effect of allow contemporaneous search was less than other components. The findings in demographic factors also show that there is significant difference based on place of work. Conclusions: The results in improving search interface screen feature can be used for digital libraries. This operation can improve the quality of search and retrieval of information and useful resources related to users and savings in time and costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
478 - Ultra trace determination of Ranitidine in drinking water, tablet, serum (blood) , and human urine by a colorimetric method based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles
maryam moradi mahmoodreza sohrabi saeed mortazavi nikAbstract: This research introduces a simple, sensitive, and rapid ultraviolet- visible spectrophotometry method for determination of ultra-trace amount of Ranitidine (RAN) in several sample such as drinking water, tablet, serum (blood), and human urine using gold nan MoreAbstract: This research introduces a simple, sensitive, and rapid ultraviolet- visible spectrophotometry method for determination of ultra-trace amount of Ranitidine (RAN) in several sample such as drinking water, tablet, serum (blood), and human urine using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) property of AuNPs and the interaction between RAN and AuNPs is the base of this method. The addition of RAN into AuNPs led to the aggregation of AuNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proved aggregation of AuNPs in the presence of RAN. Also, the size of the nanoparticles distribution was evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The parameters that affect the absorbance such as pH, type and volume of buffer, AuNPs concentration, interaction time, ionic strength, and interfering ions were investigated and optimized. Linear range was obtained 25-300 μgL-1 in the optimum conditions. Also, the correlation coefficient (R2 =0.9955) and the limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) were equal to 1.45 μgL-1, and 1.63 μgL-1, respectively. In addition, the effect of interfering species was investigated. Eventually, the results showed that the proposed method had a high potential for rapid, sensitive, and accurate determination of RAN Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - A study on the structural and textural properties of medium-silica ZSM-5 templated by ethanol
Mohadese Nazari Fereydoon YaripourTemplates play a key role in the crystallization of zeolites. Quaternary ammonium compounds, the most common templates used in the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite, can cause problems in large-scale production due to their high cost, toxicity, and corrosive effects. The prese MoreTemplates play a key role in the crystallization of zeolites. Quaternary ammonium compounds, the most common templates used in the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite, can cause problems in large-scale production due to their high cost, toxicity, and corrosive effects. The present study aimed to synthesize the medium-silica ZSM-5 templated by ethanol in a 5-liter stirred autoclave (450 rpm) with cheap and available alumina and silica sources. The effects of synthesis and operating parameters on the structural and textural characteristics of the zeolite were investigated using XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM EDX, XRF, BET, and TGA analyses. The results showed that the small size of ethanol and its weak bonding with Si-OH terminal groups of silicate anions increased the crystallization time and the sensitivity of the structure to synthesis parameters. However, proper adjustment of these parameters allowed the synthesis of a pure ZSM-5 with high crystallinity and surface area. It was found that high OH-/SiO2 ratios decrease the aspect ratio Lc/La by increasing nucleation rate and decreasing crystal growth. Moreover, increasing the Si/Al value accelerated the kinetic growth of the crystal in the b axis and led to the appearance of twinned coffin-shaped crystals. Finally, a pure silica-medium ZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3 = 50) with a yield above 90%, relative crystallinity of 100%, and surface area of 443 m2.g-1 was obtained at OH-/SiO2 =0.15 within 40 h. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
480 - Synthesizing of graphene oxide with 6-amino-2,2’-bypyridine for designing a nanosensor to determine the heavy metal ions
maryam abasi ashlagi behrouz Akbari-Adergani Ali Ehsani elahe kosari Malak HekmatiModification of the graphene oxide surface by improving a covalent bond can improve the properties of this material. In the present study, the surface of the prepared graphene oxide was functionaized with 6-amino-2,2'- bipyridine molecules to form a covalent bond betwee MoreModification of the graphene oxide surface by improving a covalent bond can improve the properties of this material. In the present study, the surface of the prepared graphene oxide was functionaized with 6-amino-2,2'- bipyridine molecules to form a covalent bond between amino groups of the ligand and carboxylic acid groups on the surface. The modified material was termed ABP-GO. The new structure and morphology of the modified compound by pyridine ligands were confirmed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy–dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical properties of the modified electrode were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse anodic discharge voltammetry (DPASV) methods. The large surface area and the ability to absorb lead with proper guidance of the modified electrode indicate the proper performance of the Pb (II) sensor, with a detection limit of 3 nM. This electrode quickly provides the bond between the -NH2 group and lead (II) and provides good reusability and reproducibility 5 times and about 90%, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - Investigation of simultaneous removal of Basic Orange 2 dye and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions by modified nanoclay in continuous washing system using response surface methodology (RSM)
Armin Geroeeyan Ali Niazi Elaheh KonozIn the present study, the removal of Basic Orange 2 (BO2) dye and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using modified montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT). To characterize the adsorbent, FESEM and EDX-MAP analyses were performed. The process of the removal of pollutants MoreIn the present study, the removal of Basic Orange 2 (BO2) dye and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using modified montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT). To characterize the adsorbent, FESEM and EDX-MAP analyses were performed. The process of the removal of pollutants was investigated through the designing and fabrication of the continuous washing system and the effect of important variables influencing the process such as concentration of dye and Ni(II), pH, length of column and the number of washing cycles was evaluated. Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD) has been applied to study the influence of experimental factors on the simultaneous removal of BO2 dye and Ni(II) in continuous system and the interaction of the variables were scrutinized through response surface curves. According to RSM results and optimization of simultaneous removal of BO2 dye and Ni(II) using desirability function, the optimal values for the five variables of dye concentration, Ni(II) concentration, pH, length of column, and number of washing cycles were found 12.07 mg L-1, of 12.97 mg L-1, 8.18, 12.97 cm and 2, respectively. The results of the removal of BO2 dye and Ni(II) in continuous washing system using modified montmorillonite nanoclay showed that this method can be efficient for the adsorption of pollutants from aqueous solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
482 - Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf
masoud bayat reza moradi ali bodaghiGreen synthesis of nanoparticles is an environmentally friendly method, in which water solvent are used. In this study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) was performed by using walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf extract. Walnut leaf contains a variety of che MoreGreen synthesis of nanoparticles is an environmentally friendly method, in which water solvent are used. In this study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) was performed by using walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf extract. Walnut leaf contains a variety of chemicals, including tannins, flavonoids, vitamins, plant acids and naphthoquinone. The extract of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf as the reducing agent is used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. UV-Vis spectrum exhibit an absorption band at around 400-450 nm suggestion the formation of silver nanoparticles. The observed peak at about 425 nm is related to the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. The effects of operational parameters in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles such as silver nitrate salt concentration, extract volume, temperature and time was studied. The results showed that silver nitrate concentration 6 mM, extract volume 200 µlit, temperature 90°C and time 40 min was the optimum amounts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
483 - Removal of some textile cationic dyes from industrial wastewater using modified gamma alumina nanoparticles
Masoud Saadati Mortaza Iranifam Seyyed Iman MosaviThe present study deals with the removal of two cationic dyes from aqueos solutions by surfactant-modified gamma alumina nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method and after modifying with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, had MoreThe present study deals with the removal of two cationic dyes from aqueos solutions by surfactant-modified gamma alumina nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method and after modifying with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, had been successfully performed to remove basic brown 1 (BB1) and basic red 46 (BR46) from textile industrial effluents. The SEM images, FTIR spectra, and XRD patterns showed a successful synthesis of the nanoparticles followed by surface modification. The relationships between different condition factors (contact time, concentration of dyes, amount of adsorbent, and pH) were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions were determined to be a contact time of 15 minutes, pH of 6, initial concentrations of 27.5 mg/l and 41.6 mg/l for BB1 and BR46, respectively; and adsorbent doses of 0.030g and 0.035 g for BB1and BR46, respectively. The effect of other parameters including temperature and interfering species on the removal of dyes were also investigated and the dye removal obtained under optimal conditions were 93.12% for BB1 and 97.34% for BR46. The obtained results showed that the removal of dye with modified nanoparticles was better than unmodified nanoparticles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - Study on the removal of diclofenac sodium from an aqueous medium using natural clinoptilolite zeolite modified with Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide cationic surfactant
Reza Nodehi Ahmad Rahbar-KelishamiZeolites are crystalline and hydrated aluminosilicates from earth alkali and alkaline metals, which are used to the removal and separation of pharmaceutical pollutants due to their chemical structure and proper surface area. In the present study, first, natural zeolite MoreZeolites are crystalline and hydrated aluminosilicates from earth alkali and alkaline metals, which are used to the removal and separation of pharmaceutical pollutants due to their chemical structure and proper surface area. In the present study, first, natural zeolite was powdered by ball mill, and after that, it was modified by a cationic surfactant of the Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The modified zeolite was investigated by XRF, FTIR, SEM, BET, and XRD techniques. According to BET results, surface area, average pore diameter, and pore volume of the sample were 12 m2/g, 31.55 nm, and 0.094 cm3/g, respectively. Additionally, the efficiency of the sample was studied for removal of diclofenac from the aqueous medium. The results showed that environmental factors, such as adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, temperature, and diclofenac concentration were effective in removal percentage. In addition, the kinetic data were described better with pseudo-second-order kinetic model, also, the equilibrium data for adsorption of diclofenac were fitted well by Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity was 34.364 mg/g at 298 K approximately. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
485 - Characterization and evaluation of effective parameters for Alumina Claus Catalysts in Iranian Refineries
maryam safaei akbar IrandoukhtClaus process is based on hundreds process of sulfur recovery units in the worldwide because of the shortening sweet hydrocarbons reservoirs and increasing the extraction of oil and gas from sour reservoirs. Suitable selection and predicting the performance of pure alum MoreClaus process is based on hundreds process of sulfur recovery units in the worldwide because of the shortening sweet hydrocarbons reservoirs and increasing the extraction of oil and gas from sour reservoirs. Suitable selection and predicting the performance of pure alumina Claus catalysts in view of the diversity of manufacturers and the high consumption is an important issue in the efficiency of Claus process. In this paper, catalysts were taken and their physical, chemical, and microstructural properties were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, nitrogen and mercury adsorption, mechanical resistance etc. According to the results obtained from the study of the properties, the presence of active alumina phases and sodium impurity up to 2500 ppm, the lack of boehmite phase and others impurities like silica and iron oxide, good distribution of pore volumes for increasing active surface area and free access to the reaction zone are important properties. These properties lead to a longer life for the catalyst. The high attrition and mechanical resistance with maintaining proper distribution of pore volume and low density are important characters for the catalyst selection. Nanostructured catalysts have suitable properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
486 - Determination of palladium based on micro-funnel and magnetic stirring assisted displacement liquid-phase microextraction method and optimization using response surface methodology
سید حسین هاشمی مسعود کیخوائی فهیمه نجاری زهرا منفردزادهIn this research, a simple and effective method was developed for pre-concentration and determination of palladium ion, based on displacement with Cu(DDTC)2 complex in aqueous samples. This method involves two steps. First, Cu2+ reacts with diethyldithiocarbamate to for MoreIn this research, a simple and effective method was developed for pre-concentration and determination of palladium ion, based on displacement with Cu(DDTC)2 complex in aqueous samples. This method involves two steps. First, Cu2+ reacts with diethyldithiocarbamate to form Cu(DDTC)2 complex, which is extracted by microfunnel-supported liquid phase microextraction method using n-octanol as extraction solvent. Next, Cu2+ was replaced with Pd2+ to form Pd(DDTC)2in the organic phase and then was measured using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In order to optimize effective parameters, Box-Behnken design methods were used. Under optimized conditions, enhancement factor (EF), limit of detection (LOD), and relative standard deviation (RSD) (n=8) were obtained 153, 1.22 μg.l-1 and 4.9%, respectively. Finally, this method was successfully used to determine Pd in water samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
487 - Comparison of the effects of graphene and nanoclay nanosheets on crystalline structure of polyvinylidene fluoride
Ali Akbar YousefiAn extensive review of the literature showed that both graphene and Cloisite 30B nanosheets are widelyemployed to modify the crystalline structure and piezoelectic properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).Due to the similarity in the geometry of these nanoparticles MoreAn extensive review of the literature showed that both graphene and Cloisite 30B nanosheets are widelyemployed to modify the crystalline structure and piezoelectic properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).Due to the similarity in the geometry of these nanoparticles a comparative study is reported to find the stemsof difference in their effects on crystalline structure of PVDF. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of thesecomposites showed that large and wide graphene particles are dispersed in PVDF matrix whereas theirthickness is well below 100 nanometers. Meanwhile, a careful inspection of SEM micrographs of Cloisite 30Bloaded composites revealed existence of smaller particles with almost the same particles thicknesses. Bothtechniques of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD)witnessed changes in the crystalline structure of PVDF. The overall finding was that Cloisite 30B improvesthe polar beta phase of PVDF crystals, whereas a revers effect was found in the presence of graphenenanosheets. These observations were accounted for by differences in surface geometry and surface free energy(surface tension and interfacial tension). Based on the data available for surface properties of these twonanosheets it was found that surface properties of Cloisite 30B is very close to those of PVDF, whereas thesurface properties of graphene are far from those of PVDF. Also a lower interfacial tension was found to beactive in PVDF-Cloisite 30B system compared to that operative in PVDF-graphene system. An intimateinterface along with proper surface texture led to higher content of PVDF’s beta crystals in case of Cloisite30B nanocomposite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
488 - Simulation of water surface profile in vertically stratified rockfill dams
Puria Asiaban Ebrahim Amiri Tokaldany Mohsen Tahmasebi nasab -
Open Access Article
489 - Investigating the Hydraulic Properties and Design Criteria for the River Subsurface Intake with a porous media without cut off
R Mansouri A.N Ziaei K Esmaili H Ansari S.R Khodashenas -
Open Access Article
490 - تاثیر طرح حضار بر راهکارهای مدیریت وجهه مترجمان شفاهی در کنفرانس های خبری فوتبال
Razieh Rabbani Yekta Alireza Sarlakمترجمان شفاهی در عصر مدرن نقشی مهم ایفا میکنند اما با این وجود، عملکرد ان ها گاهی اوقات مورد نقد قرار میگیرد. این مقاله عملکرد پنج مترجم شفاهی را، شامل یک مترجم از تیم ملی و چهار مترجم از تیم های لیگ برتر، به عنوان نماینده مترجمان شفاهی فوتبال ایران مورد بررسی قرا Moreمترجمان شفاهی در عصر مدرن نقشی مهم ایفا میکنند اما با این وجود، عملکرد ان ها گاهی اوقات مورد نقد قرار میگیرد. این مقاله عملکرد پنج مترجم شفاهی را، شامل یک مترجم از تیم ملی و چهار مترجم از تیم های لیگ برتر، به عنوان نماینده مترجمان شفاهی فوتبال ایران مورد بررسی قرار می دهد. عملکرد این مترجمان، از لحاظ تاثیر طرح حضار به عنوان یکی از عوامل موثر در انتخاب های سبکی در ترجمه شفاهی مورد بررسی قرار میگیرد.در این بررسی حدود پنج ساعت از کنفرانس های خبری فوتبال از نظراستراتژی های مدیریت وجهه تحلیل شد. برای این منظور، پارامتر هایی از قبیل کلمات خطابی، عبارات احترام، تبدیل کلام غیر مستقیم به رک گویی، جایگزینی ضمیر سوم شخص به جای کلمات خطابی، انتخاب ضمیر و استراتژی های مرسوم غیر مستقیم برای بررسی تغییررات احتمالی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. با وجود تمام محدودیت ها نتایج نشان دادن که استراتزی های مربوط به مدیریت چهره در این پنج مترجم تحت تاثیر مخاطبین (طرح حضار) خود بوده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
491 - Iranian Advanced EFL Learners’ Awareness and the Use of Marked Word Order: Discourse-pragmatically Motivated Variations
Farzaneh Fotouhinia1 Esmaeel Bagheridoost -
Open Access Article
492 - تاثیر یادگیری رو در روی پروژه محور بر مهارتهای گفتاری
Maryam Miraei Mohammadi Sayyed Mohammad Alavi Mohammad Khatibاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان آشنایی مدرسان مهارت گفتاری با مفهوم یادگیری مبتنی بر پروژه و همچنین یافتن تأثیر روش رو در رو پروژه محور بر توانایی صحبت کردن دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی در سطوح مختلف مهارت زبان انجام شد. برای رسیدن به این هدف ، از چهار مدرس مهارت گفتاری در دانش Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان آشنایی مدرسان مهارت گفتاری با مفهوم یادگیری مبتنی بر پروژه و همچنین یافتن تأثیر روش رو در رو پروژه محور بر توانایی صحبت کردن دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی در سطوح مختلف مهارت زبان انجام شد. برای رسیدن به این هدف ، از چهار مدرس مهارت گفتاری در دانشگاه خواسته شد که پس از چند جلسه آموزش ، مهارت گفتاری زبان آموزان را ارزیابی کنند. سپس ، برای برگزاری جلسات آموزش معلمان ، با آنها مصاحبه وبه آنها جزوه آموزشی داده شد. پس از آموزش معلمان ، کلاسهای آنها مشاهده و فیلمبرداری شد. برای یافتن تأثیر آموزش بر معلمان و دانش آموزان، از مربیان خواسته شد تا در پایان دوره های آموزش گفتاری ، به زبان آموزان نمره دهند. برای بررسی تفاوت در نمرات گفتاری زبان آموزان قبل و بعد از آموزش معلمان ، آزمون t زوجی انجام شد. مقایسه نتایج پیش آزمون و پس آزمون نشان داد که شرکت کنندگان در همه گروه ها در مهارت گفتاری خود پیشرفت داشتند. نتایج نشان می دهد که سیاست گذاران باید فرصتی را برای مدرسان دانشگاه فراهم کنند تا اصول یادگیری پروژه-محور را در آموزش زبان به کار برده و آن را جایگزین روش های سنتی کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
493 - The Causes of Disruption in Composing Masnavi Manavi
mahbuobe hemmatiyan One of the most controversial sections of Masnavi Manavi is the opening verses of Book II that about them different views of the interpretation have been suggested. In these verses, Jalāl al-Din Rūmi speaks implicitly of the causes of disruption in c More One of the most controversial sections of Masnavi Manavi is the opening verses of Book II that about them different views of the interpretation have been suggested. In these verses, Jalāl al-Din Rūmi speaks implicitly of the causes of disruption in composing Masnavi Manavi. Also, the commentators of Masnavi Manavi have spoken about this very disruption and analyzed these verses. The present article attempts to propose new ideas about the causes of this disruption. To do this, we consider the prose prefaces of Masnavi and compare them with the final verses of the Book I, the first verses of Book II and Book III. The results indicates that on the one hand, the reason of the delay is due to the mood of the poet and on the hand it is due to the mood which the audiences were and the content of circumstances in general. As the present research is based on interpretation of the text, we believe that this article explains the cause of delay of composing the Book III and the period of inactivity better. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
494 - Preliminary Study of Developmental Progression of Clock Face Drawing in Children
Kamran Ganji Ali Delavar Rozita ZabihiThe purpose of this research was to study developmental progression of clock face drawing and conceptualization of time among the primary and middle school students of Tehran. One hundred and sixty students (106 males, 55 females; M=9, SD=1.5) without behavioral, emotio MoreThe purpose of this research was to study developmental progression of clock face drawing and conceptualization of time among the primary and middle school students of Tehran. One hundred and sixty students (106 males, 55 females; M=9, SD=1.5) without behavioral, emotional, mental, and pervasive developmental disorders, completed clock face drawing test (Cohen, et al ,2000). Conceptualization of time and construction of the clock face were assessed separately using Cohen and his colleague (2000) scoring system. The results indicated a gradual progression of the clock drawing and the concept of time from the age of eight onward. Results also demonstrated that the qualitative errors such as number reversals, spacing errors and erasing were common in ages seven and eight, but decreased gradually as the age increased. Given the pattern of the findings, linear progression in using the quarter of circle suggest that the neglect in children has developmental nature. In general, development of clock face drawing to a large extent parallels the frontal lobe maturation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
495 - Application of Caspian Sea SST and SLP data for studying drought in Mazandaran Province
M. Abediny H. Askary Shirazi A. RanjbarIn this research, application of seasurface temperature, sea surface pressureandprecipitationin theprovince ofMazandaranwasstudied. Meanmonthlyseasurfacetemperaturedatain30-yearperiodwas obtainedfrom NOAA. Thirty-yearaveragemonthlyprecipitationdata was taken frommeteoro MoreIn this research, application of seasurface temperature, sea surface pressureandprecipitationin theprovince ofMazandaranwasstudied. Meanmonthlyseasurfacetemperaturedatain30-yearperiodwas obtainedfrom NOAA. Thirty-yearaveragemonthlyprecipitationdata was taken frommeteorologicaloffice of Mazandaran provinceforBabolsar, Qharakhyl,Noshahrand Ramsar stations. The correlation betweenseasurfacetemperaturesand rainfallindifferent months inthe provincewas calculated. Ineachmonth,the thirddegreeregressionlinewasusedforstatisticalestimation. In thepresent study it wasshownthat there is negative correlation,with 95 percent confidence interval,betweensea surface temperatureof Caspian Seaagainstprecipitation and standardizedprecipitationindex inthe inMazandaran Province. It can be deducedthat decreasing sea surface temperature at different months of the year decreases precipitationand rising seasurfacetemperature increases rainfall. Sea surface pressure study also showed that increase in SSP increases rainfall and decrease in SSP increases drought in Mazandaran province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
496 - Study of horizontal and vertical distribution of physic- chemical parameters and chlorophyll a in Hormoz Strait
L. Bahrami Samani M. Ebrahimi M. GhorbanliIn order to access the process of horizontal and vertical change in physic- chemical parameters and chl.a in the coastlines of Hormozegan Province from the Jask region to Bandar Lengeh in the area of 54˚ to 57˚ and 49 minutes along the east , 34 stations were sele MoreIn order to access the process of horizontal and vertical change in physic- chemical parameters and chl.a in the coastlines of Hormozegan Province from the Jask region to Bandar Lengeh in the area of 54˚ to 57˚ and 49 minutes along the east , 34 stations were selected .The sampling operation was done in February of 2008 by using R/V Ferdous 1 with the assistance of the Ecology Institute of the Persia Gulf and the Sea of Oman. The results of the horizontal distribution of salinity and density indicated that the parameters from the east to the west have increased . The salinity in the region of Bandar Jask 36.7 and around KishIsland it has reached 37.9 (ppt). In the Jask area , density has reached 24.8 and around Kish area it has increased to 26.2 g/cm3 . The salinity and density increased from surface to depth.But this increase had more fluctuations in the areas of west of Straight of Hormoz (Persian Gulf) compared to the areas from east to the west and from the surface to the depth where it actually reduces . The results from the horizontal distribution of chl.a indicated that in this month, the amount of chl.a in the region of Bandar Abbass and the Strait of Hormoz because of Plankton blooming is relatively more that the east and west of the Strait of Hormoz. In addition to that , the vertical changes of chl.a indicated that its amount in the coastlines where the plankton bloom was visible , was reduced from the surface to the depth , but in the marine stations the highest amount of it was in the 10-20 meter layers of depth .The result from the study of water`s turbidity indicated the process of changes in the water's turbidity , especially in the surface layers follows the chl.a changes . Also , the study of the horizontal distribution of the water's turbidity in the surface of the regions under study indicated that the western regions of the Strait of Hormoz enjoyed or had the highest amount of turbidity and its reason was its being shallow and effects of mangro Forests. The results indicated that there was a direct correlation between the horizontal and vertical distribution and the amount of chl.a and the disolved oxygen. It means that as the chl.a increased , the oxygen also went up and as it went down , the oxygen went down too. The results of the statistical study between chl.a and desolved oxygen in the 3 zone of the study indicated that in the northern region of the Strait of Hormoz , the correlation index between the two parameters was 0.9 and in the east and west it was 0.7 . The amount of EC from the surface to the depth was reduced and its process of changes followed almost the process of changes in the temperature while the amount of desolved oxygen in the region of the Strait of Hormoz were more than eastern and western stations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
497 - Study of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) & wind speed over coastal area of Hormozgan Province by satellite data
M. Torabi Azad A. MohammadiInteraction between sea and air is an important factor in controlling seasonal climatological variations in each environment. In this research, relationship between Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and wind speed over coastal area of Hormozgan province has been studied. In MoreInteraction between sea and air is an important factor in controlling seasonal climatological variations in each environment. In this research, relationship between Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and wind speed over coastal area of Hormozgan province has been studied. Initially the SST data of the area were collected using AVHRR sensor of NOAA satellite and the wind speed data were collected from QuikSCAT satellite. After analyzing the satellite data for the SST and wind speed, monthly, seasonal and annual variations of these data were studied. The significance of their variations were evaluated during years 1985-2008, using a long term study group of each variable as a control and then comparison was made using Duncan test. As the increasing trend of mean annual surface temperature and the decreasing trend in wind speed was significant, correlation coefficient between SST and wind speed was obtained. After plotting the time against surface temperature during the study period, it was observed that the minimum temperature was 21.11 ˚C in 2008 and the maximum was 33.12 ˚C in 2002. It was shown that there was 4.2 ˚C temperature difference between western and eastern region of the sea coast in summer and the temperature gradient reaches 3 ˚C in winter. It can be concluded that for summer 75% and for winter 33% increase (decrease) of the mean sea surface temperature takes place and the deviation of mean wind speed will be increase (decrease). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
498 - کاه خاکستر برنج - منبع جدیدی از نانوذرات سیلیس
حمید خورسند نسیم کیایی امیرحسین معصوم پرست -
Open Access Article
499 - اثر زبری سطح بر ضریب اصطکاک خشک فولاد - فولاد
ح. چارستاد س.م خورسندی جو -
Open Access Article
500 - بررسی تجربی برش شیشه از طریق شوک حرارتی و عوامل موثر در آن
سید محمدرضا خلیلی -
Open Access Article
501 - Improvement of Face Recognition Approach through Fuzzy-Based SVM
Amir Hooshang Mazinan لیلا یار محمدی -
Open Access Article
502 - Determination of the Type of The Imagined Movement of Organs in People with Mobility Disabilities Using Corrected Common Spatial Patterns
Alireza Pirasteh Manouchehr Shamseini Ghiyasvand Majid Pouladian -
Open Access Article
503 - Investigation the ability of bio-surfactant production by Bacillus laterosporus in various carbon sources
Mahboobeh Varnaseri Ghandali Abdolamir Moezi Naeimeh EnayatizamirBackground & Objectives: Biosurfactants are surface active compounds that produce by microorganisms. They are used in various industries such as petroleum, chemical, petrochemical, food industry, medicine, agriculture, etc. The purpose of this study was to optimize MoreBackground & Objectives: Biosurfactants are surface active compounds that produce by microorganisms. They are used in various industries such as petroleum, chemical, petrochemical, food industry, medicine, agriculture, etc. The purpose of this study was to optimize the production of biosurfactant in different carbon sources by Bacillus laterosporus. Materials & Methods: In this study, Bacillus laterosporus was provided from the microbial collection of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz. Biosurfactant production was evaluated in different carbon sources such as kerosene, glucose and sugar cane molasses at 30 and 37° C and the incubation periods of 48 and 168 hours. Screening of biosurfactant production was carried out using oil collapse and emulsification index, surface tension, and cell surface hydrophobicity. Results: Bacillus laterosporus showed the lowest surface tension reduction in kerosene carbon source after 168 hours incubation at 37 ° C, and decreased surface tension to 21.28 mN/m. The highest percentage of emulsification was related to medium containing molasses carbon source (43%). Bacillus laterosporus cell surface hydrophobicity in kerosene, molasses and glucose was 65, 58 and 50 %, respectively. Maximum biosurfactant production by Bacillus laterosporus obtained in kerosene carbon source around 8.4 gr/L Conclusion: The results showed that 37° C, 168 hours incubation and also using kerosene as carbon sources make the optimum condition for biosurfactant production by indigenous strain of Bacillus laterosporus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
504 - The Philosophical Analysis of Shī‘ite Scholars’ Views on Badā’
حامد نامی اصفهانیBadā’ or the mutability of God’s will, is one of the major teachings of the Shī‘ite theology. This concept from the earliest times has drawn Muslim scholars’ attention to itself. Because of its opposition to divine omniscience some scholars have MoreBadā’ or the mutability of God’s will, is one of the major teachings of the Shī‘ite theology. This concept from the earliest times has drawn Muslim scholars’ attention to itself. Because of its opposition to divine omniscience some scholars have hesitated over it and tried to reject it and the others have tried to analyze and support it. In this respect, paying attention to the usage of this expression in the Divine Book and the Transmitted Traditions is very critical for analyzing it, because its understanding depends on the deep recognition of religious teachings. By quoting valid opinions, this essay tries to survey and criticize the views of Muslim scholars about Badā’. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
505 - Effect of Micro-Catchment on indices of Rangeland Health Using Landscape Function Analysis Method
mohaddeseh arab sarbizhan Mahdieh Ebrahimi Majid Ajorlo -
Open Access Article
506 - Estimating Plant Dry Matter Productivity for AL-Sweeda Badia Rangeland (Syria) at Deferent Processing Levels of BKA, KVA Satellite Images
Ghadir Hmeidan Ahed Alboody -
Open Access Article
507 - Social needs of cancer caregivers: Facet theory
mohadese fahimi aliabad fariba Zarani Ebrahim AlizadeThe aim of this study was to identify and understand the social needs of caregivers of cancer patients in order to provide the necessary information to design educational and psychological interventions based on the needs of these caregivers. This research was conducted MoreThe aim of this study was to identify and understand the social needs of caregivers of cancer patients in order to provide the necessary information to design educational and psychological interventions based on the needs of these caregivers. This research was conducted in a qualitative manner using the facet theory approach in 1399. Participants are caregivers of cancer patients in Tehran. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 21 caregivers and using theoretical and Purposeful sampling to achieve information saturation. Based on the coding of the texts of the interviews and observations, their needs and classifications were extracted. The social support needs identified can be classified into three categories: emotional, instrumental, and information. The sub-categories extracted from these results are: "Need for specialized centers and support organizations","Need for job support"," Need to connect with the community "and" need for medical information and mental health ". The social consequences of cancer are significant for the caregiver. In terms of the need to connect with the community, it seems that separating the caregiver from the community is serious and even after completing the care period, it is difficult for the caregiver to return to the community. Educating people in the community is useful for better understanding caring conditions. Having medical information and mental health helps the caregiver to create a sense of control, so it is necessary to create awareness among health care professionals, and finally job support was identified as one of the important factors to meet the caregiver's tool needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
508 - Effectivness of parent_child interaction therapy with educational face_to_face method on executive functions of students with hyperactivity and attention deficit
سحر Bayat mansure shahriari ahmadi mahnaz estekiThe present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of treatment based on parent-child interaction with face-to-face training method on the executive functions of students with hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder. The research method was quasi-exp MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of treatment based on parent-child interaction with face-to-face training method on the executive functions of students with hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental, with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study was all children aged 10 to 12 years in the 19th district of Tehran in 2022 who were suffering from hyperactivity and attention deficit. The sample size of 30 people was determined by the purposeful sampling method, this number of people was divided into two groups by the matching method, the number of each group was 15 people. And the control group did not receive any treatment plan. The research tool was the executive functions questionnaire of Gerard et al. (2000). The method of data analysis was univariate and multivariate covariance analysis.The research findings showed that the treatment based on parent-child interaction with face-to-face training method on executive functions (memory emotional regulation) of students with hyperactivity and attention deficit (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the treatment based on the interaction of the parent of the child with the face-to-face teaching method can be effective in improving the executive functions of students with hyperactivity and attention deficit.Keywords: treatment based on parent-child interaction, face-to-face training, executive functions, hyperactivity and attention deficit Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
509 - Robot control system using SMR signals detection
faeze asadi -
Open Access Article
510 - Using a New Hybrid Method for Characteristics Classifying of Limb Movements in Brain-Computer Interface Applications
Maryam Iyzadpanahi Mohammad Yousefi Neda Behzadfar -
Open Access Article
511 - Applying Genetic Algorithm to EEG Signals for Feature Reduction in Mental Task Classification
Alireza Rezaee -
Open Access Article
512 - Extraction of Sensory part of Ulnar Nerve Signal Using Blind Source Separation Method
Alireza Kashaninia S Nooreddin Jafari -
Open Access Article
513 - Determining Effective Features for Face Detection Using a Hybrid Feature Approach
Sepideh Araban Fardad Farokhi Kaveh Kangarloo -
Open Access Article
514 - 3D Face Recognition using Patch Geodesic Derivative Pattern
Soheila Gheisari Shahram Javadi Alireza Kashaninya -
Open Access Article
515 - The Relationship between the Usages of Social Networks with Iranian (Tehran) Youth Marriage
سمیه تاجیک اسماعیلی Majid MogadasiThis study has been designed and implemented to evaluate the effect of and how to use social networking sites with an emphasis on Facebook criteria on marriage and marriage of young girls and boys of six area of Tehran. A survey questionnaire is self-made. The statistic MoreThis study has been designed and implemented to evaluate the effect of and how to use social networking sites with an emphasis on Facebook criteria on marriage and marriage of young girls and boys of six area of Tehran. A survey questionnaire is self-made. The statistical society are 23500 people and sample size are200 people according to Morgan. The results of data analysis showed that, there is no significant correlation among the youth use social networking with mate-selection criteria of Iranian (Tehran) youth. The hypothesis of the relationship between the usages of social networks with mate-selection criteria of Iranian (Tehran) youth was confirmed. Our findings showed that there is no difference in marriage criteria between male and female. The results showed that there is a strong relationship between age and the use of social networking Facebook. The results showed that there is no significant correlation between age and the use of social networking Facebook Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
516 - Application of Gireh on Free Surface Pattern with Recognition of Gireh Projection on Iranian Domes Surface in the Congruence Method
Aref Azizpour Shoubi َAhad NeJad EbrahimiFree surfaces are one of the requirements of contemporary architecture. Owing to the emergence of these surfaces, the configuration of Girehs in Islamic architecture became incompatible with them. The traditional structural principles of Girehs expand two-dimensionally, MoreFree surfaces are one of the requirements of contemporary architecture. Owing to the emergence of these surfaces, the configuration of Girehs in Islamic architecture became incompatible with them. The traditional structural principles of Girehs expand two-dimensionally, whereas free surfaces expand irregularly and three-dimensionally. Gireh-work is considered one of the original and identity-giving decorations in Islamic architecture. To identify and develop contemporary architecture and past architectural achievements, it is necessary to find a strategy for projecting Girehes on free surfaces based on historical authenticity. The Islamic architecture of Iran has had many valuable achievements that can be applied to contemporary architectural challenges. In Iranian Islamic architecture, the dome and Gireh decoration play a crucial role, so the Iranian architect has tried to match these two elements using the geometric features of the dome and Gireh. As part of a qualitative research process, two examples of Iranian domes have been selected and analyzed with a descriptive-analytical approach in order to answer the following question: how Gireh’s geometrical principles on domical surfaces can be applied to contemporary free surfaces? In order to project Gireh onto the dome, a network based on radial gore segments was used as part of the projection technique. Transferring Girehs based on this network causes congruence homogeneity. Topological models of free surfaces are based on NURBS lines, making it possible to discretize and define the points on them. This makes it possible to apply anisotropic congruence transformation to Gireh projections on free surfaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
517 - On the convergence of the homotopy analysis method to solve the system of partial differential equations
A. Fallahzadeh M. A. Fariborzi Araghi V. Fallahzadeh -
Open Access Article
518 - Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) root response to seaweed extract concentrations, time and method of application
Mohammad Sibi Hamid Reza Khazaei Ahmad NezamiIn order to evaluate the response root of safflower to concentration, time and method of use of seaweed extract, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications a greenhouse at the Agricultural Faculty of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad i MoreIn order to evaluate the response root of safflower to concentration, time and method of use of seaweed extract, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications a greenhouse at the Agricultural Faculty of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2014 was carried. Factors included concentration of seaweed extract on four levels , Stages of use seaweed extract in two levels and the use method of seaweed extract on two levels were. The results showed that the concentration of seaweed extract on the characteristics root volume, root surface, shoot to root ratio, plant height, stem diameter, number of bolls per plant and biological yield of un-direct boll very significant side effect found (p<0.01). also stages of use seaweed extract the volume root, surface root, shoot to root ratio, plant height and biological yield of un-direct boll, in statistical level of 1% and number of bolls per plant 5% in the affected regions, but had no significant effect on stem diameter. How to use seaweed extract could also have significant effect on the volume root, surface root, stem diameter and biological yield of un-direct boll sub statistical level of 1% and the traits of shoot to root ratio and plant height by 5% effective, but had no significant effect on the number of bolls per plant. Results showed that maximum volume and surface root, respectively, with an average of 56 cm3 and 18176 cm2 of treated using 2 liters ha-1 seaweed extract obtained in the vegetative growth stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
519 - Estimation of the leaf stomatal conductance in pumpkin under different nitrogen levels using leaf temperature
Mohammadreza Naderi Mohammad Bannayan Morteza Goldani Amin AlizadehSince stomatal conductance (gs) couples the crop photosynthesis and transpiration, estimation of gs is important for adopting management practices which can increase crop growth through efficient use of water. In the current study, a simple model based on temperature di MoreSince stomatal conductance (gs) couples the crop photosynthesis and transpiration, estimation of gs is important for adopting management practices which can increase crop growth through efficient use of water. In the current study, a simple model based on temperature difference between crop leaf and a reference surface was used for estimation of the leaf stomatal conductance. The model calibrated and validated using two years field experiment data with pumpkin carried out during 2013 and 2014 at Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Results showed that model had a very good performance and very accurately simulated pumpkin leaf stomatal conductance under conditions without nitrogen deficiency. Under nitrogen deficient conditions, by using the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), the good or very good performance and accuracy were obtained from the model. The relative difference (RD) between simulated and observed values of average of stomatal conductance during the growing season was ranged from 1.1% to 2.5 for non-nitrogen deficient treatments and from 2.8% to 5% for nitrogen deficient treatments. The accuracy and simplicity of the model and its low input requirements make it suitable for use in stomatal conductance based crop growth models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
520 - Irrigation Water Volume and Water Efficiency of Walnut Orchards in As-Suwayda, Syria
Hussam Abdullah Abbas Ammar Dham Hamza Radhi Zainab Hussein Adhub Majeed M. Abid Noora M. Hameed Hanan Askar Hussny -
Open Access Article
521 - Application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Image Processing for Prediction of the Geometrical Properties of Roasted Pistachio Nuts and Kernels
Toktam Mohammadi Moghaddamm Seyed Mohammad Ali Razavi -
Open Access Article
522 - Assessment of effect of raw wastewater application on concentration heavy metals in olive tree (Olea europaea)
Khosro Esteki Oregani Ebrahim Pazira Payam Najafi Abdol amir MoeziUse of municipal or domestic raw wastewater in order to irrigation is very important in arid and semi-arid regions. Application of municipal effluent, which was one of the pollution sources, as micro and macro elements has been used for a long time. The most factors for MoreUse of municipal or domestic raw wastewater in order to irrigation is very important in arid and semi-arid regions. Application of municipal effluent, which was one of the pollution sources, as micro and macro elements has been used for a long time. The most factors for making difficulties in irrigation of soil with municipal effluent is the presence of heavy metals like Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in municipal effluent and transformation of this pollution in food chain and threaten of healthy. The aim of the present study was to determine effect of irrigation with raw domestic wastewater effluent on concentration of young Olive plant (Olea europaea) and accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) in roots, and leaves of Olea europaea. In order to study the soil – plant complex effects as the transformation of these pollutants and nutrients in soil as a result of irrigation with raw domestic wastewater, a series of lysimeter(120 cm height and 70 cm diameter) studies were carried out in Khoramabad region during 2008- 2009). The experiment was carried out factorial based on CRBD with three factors and six replications. Factors were considered as three irrigation treatment including drip irrigation with raw domestic wastewater (DI), subsurface drip irrigation with raw domestic wastewater (at depth of 15 cm, SDI15), subsurface drip irrigation with raw domestic wastewater (at depth of 30 cm, SDI30). The results indicate that treatment application significantly increased concentrations of heavy metals. Maximum shoot concentrations of Fe, Cu, Ni and Pb were achieved by treatment SDI30. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
523 - Application of Response Surface Methodology for Xanthan Gum and Biomass Production Using Xan-thomonas campestris
Hadi Hashemi Gahruie Marzieh Moosavi-Nasab Esmaeil Ziaee -
Open Access Article
524 - Study of Methyl tert-butyl Ether (MTBE) Photocatalytic Degradation with UV/TiO2-ZnO-CuO Nanoparticles
Mohsen Mansouri Mohsen Nademi Mohammad Ebrahim Olya Hossein Lotfi -
Open Access Article
525 - Selective Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction of Ser-traline Using Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Grafted on SiO2/Graphene Oxide
Faezeh Khalilian Feloria Khajoie Kermani -
Open Access Article
526 - Optimization of Vacuum Frying Parameters in Combination with Osmotic Dehydration of Kiwi Slices to Produce Healthy Product
Fatemeh Aghabozorg Afjeh Aghabozorg Afjeh Ali Bassiri Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi -
Open Access Article
527 - Using Response Surface Methodology for Assessment of Heating Effect on Reduction of Aflatoxin
Moslem Lari Najafi -
Open Access Article
528 - Plasmonic Nanosilver Synthesis Using Sonneratia apetala Fruit Extract and Their Catalytic Activity in Organic Dye Degradation
Muhammad Shamim Al Mamun Md. Israil Hossain Jannatul Naime Palash Dhar -
Open Access Article
529 - Effects of size and type of coating of iron powders and copper additive on the properties of hollow steel spheres
Hamid Sazegaran علیرضا کیانی رشیدMetal hollow spheres are successfully used for manufacturing of cells and porosities in the cellular structures and metallic foams that important production methods of them are based on powder metallurgy. In this paper, steel hollow spheres are produced by powder metall MoreMetal hollow spheres are successfully used for manufacturing of cells and porosities in the cellular structures and metallic foams that important production methods of them are based on powder metallurgy. In this paper, steel hollow spheres are produced by powder metallurgy method and polystyrene beads are used as substrate materials. Polystyrene beads are separated from a polystyrene block and sorted by sieving. Then, mixture of sodium silicate, as binder, and iron powder was sprayed on prepared beads. After drying, a thin layer of iron powder was covered polystyrene beads. Finally, two different heat treatment processes to produce high strength steel hollow spheres was undertaken. These processes are involving the pyrolysis of polystyrene beads and sintering process. For shell thickness measurements, determination of porosity content and flaws evaluation, shell section of hollow spheres were studied by optical microscopy. Produced hollow steel spheres are nearly uniform thickness in shell. Size of iron powder particles, cupper content and type of coating of iron powder are strongly affected on shell thickness, porosity percent and shell flaws. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
530 - Preparation of polystyrene – multi walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite with improved mechanical properties using response surface methodology
مریم فربودی مهیا ترابیIn this research, with the aim of improving mechanical properties of polystyrene (PS), multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was selected as reinforcement agent. PS-MWCNT nanocomposite was prepared by mixing of MWCNT nanostructurs with a solution of PS. The effects of th MoreIn this research, with the aim of improving mechanical properties of polystyrene (PS), multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was selected as reinforcement agent. PS-MWCNT nanocomposite was prepared by mixing of MWCNT nanostructurs with a solution of PS. The effects of three factors containing MWCNT percentage, film drying temperature and stirring time were investigated in different levels by Box Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM). According this method, 15 experiments were performed. The tensile strength values of nanocomposite films were used as response for data analyzing by variance analysis. The linearity of normal probability plot of the residuals established the correctness of the proposed model. The contour and surface plots of RSM were studied and the optimal conditions of nanocomposit preparation were determined. The results showed that increasing of MWCNT percentage and stirring time cause to increase of tensile strength, while the increasing of film drying temperature causes to decrease of tensile strength. Also, some physicochemical properties of the nanocomposite film were examined using FT-IR spectroscopy and TGA techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
531 - A study of hardness and wear properties in the powder hard covering established in the Fe- Cr –C- Mo system on the carbonic simple steel by GTAW welding method
Mohammad Mehdi Ghaffari Hossein Paydar محمدرضا خانزاده قرهشیرانIn this research, a combination of Ferro- chromium powders (variable amount) and ferromolybdenum and graphite (constant amount) were coated on the st37 carbon steel substrate through Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). In order to study properties of the layer established MoreIn this research, a combination of Ferro- chromium powders (variable amount) and ferromolybdenum and graphite (constant amount) were coated on the st37 carbon steel substrate through Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). In order to study properties of the layer established under the layer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), EDS element microanalysis and microhardness assessment have been used, and x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) specified that microstructure of the samples consists of austenite and (Cr,Fe)7 , C3 carbides. In addition, it was specified that by the increase of carbon and chromium containing hard face layers, a part of carbon is spent on the formation of Cr7C3 chromium carbide, and the remainder has played a role in the formation of molybdenum carbide and chromium led to the increase of hardness. Results of the wear test specified that the highest wear resistance relates to a sample containing 13.45 chromium percentage. SEM investigation of worn surfaces in the samples specified that wear mechanism was plowing type, cutting type and cracking type. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
532 - Theoretical and experimental study of Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Effect on the Corrosion Inhibition of 316-Stainless Steel, Using Electrochemical Test Methods and Quantum Mechanics Theories
Reza Safari ALI EHSANI Hamid EbrahimiIn this study, the impact of )1-Buthyl-3-methyl imidazoloum hexa fluorophosphatesas( a new inhibitor on the corrosion of stainless steel 316L (SS) in HCl solution was investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). MoreIn this study, the impact of )1-Buthyl-3-methyl imidazoloum hexa fluorophosphatesas( a new inhibitor on the corrosion of stainless steel 316L (SS) in HCl solution was investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Also, the absorption of inhibitor onto the SS surface followed the Langmuir absorption model with the free energy of absorption ΔG0adsof -8.57 kJ mol-1. In addition, using density function theory (DFT) and atoms-in-molecule (AIM) theories, introduced by Richard Bader, which is a generalization of quantum theory to proper nano-size and molecular systems, the electronic organic-structure and local charge/energy transfer in the imidazole molecular system (as a organic-corrosion inhibitor element) are studied. In the same vein, the atomic electronic properties (such as electron density and its Laplacian), and the HOMO–LUMO gap (HLG) of this organic-molecular system are calculated. The results of the investigation show that proposed compound, as a commodious/economical -green inhibitor, has excellent inhibiting properties for SS corrosion in acidic solution. Furthermore, quantum mechanical results show that nitrogen atoms play domain role in intra-molecular charge and energy transfer (and thus electrochemical mechanism) in this inhibitor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
533 - Pulsed laser surface melting of AISI H13 steel and investigating the effect of TiC powder particle size and concentration on the morphology of MC carbides in the composite coating
محمدعلی بوترابی Ali Dadoo Shahram KheirandishIn this research, the microstructure of the pulsed laser surface melted AISI H13 tool steel was studied. Then, by laser surface alloying with TiC powder, the effect of particle size and powder concentration on superficial composite microstructure was investigated. For t MoreIn this research, the microstructure of the pulsed laser surface melted AISI H13 tool steel was studied. Then, by laser surface alloying with TiC powder, the effect of particle size and powder concentration on superficial composite microstructure was investigated. For this purpose, TiC powders with particle sizes of 1 micrometer and 45 micrometers in layers of different thicknesses were pre-placed on the surface of H13 steel and then subjected to pulsed laser operation. The results showed that in the surface melting, an intermittent cell/dendritic structure developed from the depth to the surface of the molten pool with a higher concentration of alloying elements in the boundary network. With the selected laser parameters, the cooling rate was estimated at one million K/s. In the surface alloying process, the preplaced TiC particles were completely (fine powders) or a partially (coarse powders) dissolved in the melt pool. During subsequent cooling, TiC-type MC carbides precipitated from the melt. Increasing the thickness of the preplaced layer caused the morphology of carbides to be more diverse. The size of precipitated MC carbides was reduced by decreasing the concentration of TiC powder in the melt pool and increasing the particle size of preplaced TiC powder. As the number of MC carbides increased, the cellular/dendritic structures of the steel matrix replaced by coaxial grains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
534 - The correlation between fracture surface morphology and toughness/ductility in Zr46(Cu4.5/5.5Ag1/5.5)46Al8 bulk metallic glass
Mohammad Taghi Asadi KhanoukiIn this research, the fracture behavior and ductile to brittle transition (DBT) phenomenon, as well as the correlation between fracture surface morphologies and ductility/toughness in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) is investigated. The amorphous alloy was produced MoreIn this research, the fracture behavior and ductile to brittle transition (DBT) phenomenon, as well as the correlation between fracture surface morphologies and ductility/toughness in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) is investigated. The amorphous alloy was produced by arc melting pure elements and suction casting into a water-cooled copper mold. Then, the three point bending test was used at two temperatures of 77 and 298 K and displacement rate of 0.2 mm/min. Fracture surfaces were observed through scanning electron microscopy after bending tests. The fracture toughness of samples is determined by measuring the size of fracture surface morphologies, and the brittle and ductile fracture mechanisms were theoretically studied by using the fluid meniscus instability model. Although the Zr-based BMG is nearly ductile at room temperature, at very low temperature (77 K) it becomes more brittle. Results show that the mean fracture toughness changes from ~16 MPa.m1/2 at 298 K to ~3.5 MPa.m1/2 at 77 K. Furthermore, the critical wavelength of meniscus instability (λc) is calculated to be 127 nm for the present alloy. According to the results, if the initial wavelength of meniscus instability (λI) is smaller than the λc, periodic nano-corrugation morphologies can be observed on the fracture surface. On the contrary, if λI is larger than λc, the dimples or vein-like patterns are more likely to be form on the fracture surface. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
535 - Phase, microstructure characterization and hardening efficiency of SKS3 tool steel laser surface hardened by a high-power diode laser
Amirsalar Dehghani Amirreza Farnia Mohammad Javad TorkamanyIn this research, the surface hardening of SKS3 cold work tool steel has been performed by high power diode laser with a maximum power 1600 W. The applied powers of 1200 and 1450 W, the scanning speeds of 1.6 to 3 mm.s-1 and working distances of 55,, 70 and 75 mm were a MoreIn this research, the surface hardening of SKS3 cold work tool steel has been performed by high power diode laser with a maximum power 1600 W. The applied powers of 1200 and 1450 W, the scanning speeds of 1.6 to 3 mm.s-1 and working distances of 55,, 70 and 75 mm were applied as test parameters. Microstructure and phase analysis and microhardness measurement were studied by optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and microhardness testing methods, respectively. The microstructure and phase analysis showed that the hardening process led to the formation of martensite and retained austenite dual-phase structure. The use of laser, created all three states of surface hardening, surface melting and non-hardening. The best result in terms of depth and width of hardening was obtained for samples with energy density of 208-250 J/mm2. The calculation of retained austenite phase percentage and heat input, indicated that an increase in the heat input raised the residual austenite percentage, so that for the sample with maximum heat input, the retained austenite phase percentage was calculated to be approximately 37%. Also, for the sample with the highest heat input (906/J/mm2), the lowest hardness was obtained (653 Vickers) and the sample with lower heat input (725 J/mm2) was owned the highest hardness (760 Vickers). Investigations of the values of hardening efficiency showed that the hardening conditions are not improved only by increasing the laser energy density, but to obtain highest hardness and appropriate microstructure, the optimum amount of power and scanning speed is needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
536 - On the use of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Scaffold Composite of the Hydroxyapatite and Diopside
Nasrin Rafiee Saeid Karbasi amirabas nourbakhsh kamran aminiThe response surface methodology is a statistical approach to design the experiments, modeling and analysis of the effective factors as well as to help optimizing the process. In this study, we use the central composite design technique to select the optimum scaffold co MoreThe response surface methodology is a statistical approach to design the experiments, modeling and analysis of the effective factors as well as to help optimizing the process. In this study, we use the central composite design technique to select the optimum scaffold composite of the Hydroxyapatite and Diopside. This method suggested twenty different scaffold specimens by optimizing the suitable percentage of porosity via determining the percentage weight concentrations of the three effective parameters. After making the scaffold and determining their porosity, the optimum case for composite scaffolds was 77.57 wt% nHA (22.43wt% Di), 0.64wt% lubricant (STPP) and heat treatment temperature 1200. Also, the results of SEM, FTIR, and XRD confirm that the scaffold specimen made with the response method is an ideal specimen for use in bone tissue engineering. In general, according to the results of this research, the response surface methodology can be a useful tool for optimizing composite scaffolds in tissue engineering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
537 - Effect of geometry of laser surface texture and droplet volume on contact angle with Ti6Al4V substrate
Gholamreza Dabbagh seyed khatiboleslam Sadrnejad Reza Shoja Razavi Amirabbas Nourbakhsh Nahid Hassanzadeh NematiImplant surface modification by creating laser surface texturing is the best known method to increase adhesion. The best pattern of laser surface texturing is still unknown. In order to investigate other features of the new pattern proposed by the authors, in this resea MoreImplant surface modification by creating laser surface texturing is the best known method to increase adhesion. The best pattern of laser surface texturing is still unknown. In order to investigate other features of the new pattern proposed by the authors, in this research, first, the new surface patterns of intersecting lines with angles of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 degrees on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy using pulse Nd: YAG laser was created. Then the contact angle of water droplets was measured by two methods: 1- recording and analyzing the image of the droplet and 2- using Extrand and Moon equations. Water droplets were selected in two volumes of 1 μlit and 25 μlit. Using metallurgical microscope, SEM, applying Wenzel and Cassie equations and drawing the corresponding diagrams, the effect of the angle between the lines, height, separation, and width of the surface texture columns on the contact angle of the droplet was investigated. The classical model of textures wettability was determined. The results showed for droplet with volume of 1 μlit the contact angle in both methods is almost constant and independent of the angle of the intersecting lines which is in good agreement with the results of previous researches. For droplet with volume of 25 μlit the contact angle in both methods is variable and dependent on the angle of the intersecting lines. The classical model of textures wettability in both droplet volumes is consistent with Wenzel's model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
538 - Study of the effect of magnetic field on the surface roughness of the workpiece in electric discharge machining of Al2O3-reinforced A413 composite
Ahmadreza Mizbani Sayed Ehsan Mirmohammadsadeghi Ali MokhtarianIn this research, the effect of electric discharge machining input parameters on the surface roughness of A413 composite reinforced with 2.5% Al2O3, in two cases with the presence of a magnetic field and without a magnetic field was investigated and compared. The resear MoreIn this research, the effect of electric discharge machining input parameters on the surface roughness of A413 composite reinforced with 2.5% Al2O3, in two cases with the presence of a magnetic field and without a magnetic field was investigated and compared. The research presented with Taguchi experiment design approach which is based on L9 orthogonal array and iterative surface technique. The input parameters of these experiments include voltage (two levels), current intensity (three levels), pulse on-time (three levels) and pulse off-time (three levels). Experiments results show machined surface roughness reduction in presence of magnetic field up to 32 percent. The analysis of the results included the determination of signal-to-noise ratio diagrams corresponding to each of the input parameters and analysis of variance by Minitab software. The results show that the surface quality of the workpiece improves in the presence of a magnetic field compared to machining conditions without a magnetic field. Also, based on the results of analysis of variance in both cases, the current intensity is the most effective input parameter on the surface roughness of the workpiece made of A413 composite reinforced with 2.5% Al2O3. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
539 - ساخت کالکتور خورشیدی متمرکز کننده سهموی خطی و پیش بینی عملکرد آن
محمود تاجیهدف از انجام این تحقیق ساخت و پیش بینی عملکرد کالکتور خورشیدی متمرکزکننده است که طرح کلی آن همانند طرحهای رایج این نوع کالکتور بوده، ولی سطح منعکس کننده بجای آینه از ورق نازک فولاد آینه ای است. برای ساخت ابتدا سازه اصلی نگهدارنده با اتصال موازی سازه های پیش ساخته ⩝ شکل Moreهدف از انجام این تحقیق ساخت و پیش بینی عملکرد کالکتور خورشیدی متمرکزکننده است که طرح کلی آن همانند طرحهای رایج این نوع کالکتور بوده، ولی سطح منعکس کننده بجای آینه از ورق نازک فولاد آینه ای است. برای ساخت ابتدا سازه اصلی نگهدارنده با اتصال موازی سازه های پیش ساخته ⩝ شکل صفحه ای ساخته شد و یک کمان سهمی شکل تفلنی بعنوان تکیه گاه سطح منعکس کننده در دهانه هر سازه نصب گردید. سپس ورق فولادی در دهانه سازه اصلی به شکل سهمیگون مونتاژ شد. بقیه قسمتها مشابه روشهای مرسوم ساخته و مونتاژگردید.برای پیش بینی عملکرد، پس از تعیین رابطه راندمان بصورت تابعی از زاویه اصابت تابش خورشید برمبنای تئوریهای این نوع کالکتور، راندمان و نرخ خالص جذب گرما به کمک نرم افزار متلب وبرنامه نویسی در محیط ان محاسبه و برحسب زمان ظاهری خورشید در چند روز سال رسم گردید. نتایج نشان داد اگر تابش خورشید به امتداد عمود برافق نزدیک باشد، راندمان از50% در صبح تا 60% درظهر افزایش یافته و بعدازظهرتا عصر به 50% کاهش میابد. در غیراینصورت راندمان از 60% در صبح به50% درظهر کاهش یافته و مجددا" تا 60% در عصر افزایش میابد. نرخ خالص جذب گرما (w/m2) هر دو حالت در ظهر حداکثر(450-550 ) و در صبح و عصر حداقل (400-450) بود.گرچه راندمان کالکتور ساخته شده با راندمان کالکتورهای معمول تفاوت چندانی ندارد، اما زمان و هزینه کمتر برای مونتاژ آن و کیفیت بالاتر شکل هندسی و دوام بیشتر سطح منکس کننده درمقایسه با کالکتورهای معمول قابل ملاحظه است. Manuscript profile -
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540 - بررسی تأثیر استراتژیهای فرزکاری در ماشینکاری سطوح محدب از جنس کامپوزیت شیشه/اپوکسی
هادی محمدی هادی اسکندری ایمان دانایی در این تحقیق تأثیر پارامترهای مختلف ماشینکاری مانند سرعت برشی، پیشروی، قطر ابزار و عمق ماشینکاری بر استراتژیهای مختلف فرزکاری مانند آفست سه بعدی، مارپیچ، خطوط موازی و شعاعی برای ایجاد سطوح محدب قطعاتی از جنس کامپوزیت شیشه/اپوکسی مورد بررسی و اثر پذیری پارامترهای More در این تحقیق تأثیر پارامترهای مختلف ماشینکاری مانند سرعت برشی، پیشروی، قطر ابزار و عمق ماشینکاری بر استراتژیهای مختلف فرزکاری مانند آفست سه بعدی، مارپیچ، خطوط موازی و شعاعی برای ایجاد سطوح محدب قطعاتی از جنس کامپوزیت شیشه/اپوکسی مورد بررسی و اثر پذیری پارامترهای خروجی مانند صافی سطح و نرخ براده برداری نیز مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. نتایج به خوبی نشان می دهند که خروجی استراتژی رادیال دارای کمترین مقدار زبری و بالاترین کیفیت سطح میباشد و درمقابل استراتژی خطوط موازی با بیشترین مقدار زبری و نازل ترین کیفیت سطح همراه می باشد. بیشترین نرخ براده برداری و کوتاهترین زمان ماشینکاری مربوط به استراتژی آفست سه بعدی میباشد. در این تحقیق بهینهترین پارامترهای ماشینکاری جهت دستیابی به بالاترین صافی سطح همراه با بیشترین نرخ براده برداری نیز مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. نتایج این کار تحقیقاتی می تواند در واحدهای پژوهش و توسعه بسیاری از صنایع بزرگ مورد استفاده و عملیاتی گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
541 - Free Vibration Analysis of Sandwich Micro Beam with Piezoelectric Based on Modified Couple Stress Theory and Surface Effects
Mohammad khajekhabaz Ali Eftekhari Mohammad Hashemian -
Open Access Article
542 - مطالعه تجربی جهت اضافه کردن سطوح زبر در قسمت کف خودرو و مقایسه ضرایب آیرودینامیکی
کوروش رایزن احمد کشاورزیAfter the invention of the automobile, people soon realized the relationship between air resistance and the movement of cars. Over time, the improved performance of the car from different directions and increase fuel price, improved aerodynamics also became the fundamen MoreAfter the invention of the automobile, people soon realized the relationship between air resistance and the movement of cars. Over time, the improved performance of the car from different directions and increase fuel price, improved aerodynamics also became the fundamental question. The researchers found that attention to aerodynamics not only to achieve higher speeds, but also appropriate to reduce fuel consumption and vehicle stability. That's why a lot of research has been done on the car's aerodynamics followed on.This article will examine the effect of surface roughness underside of the vehicle at some point. In this method procedure we study on two zones which have maximum probability of separation flow. These zones find on rear of wheels on floor of vehicle. Results compare with case which is smooth . We achieve to a unique conclusions. And also experimentally in wind tunnel tests, the optimum dimensions for rough surfaces are derived. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
543 - Improving surface roughness in barrel finishing process using supervised machine learning
Mohammad Sajjad Mahdieh Mehdi Bakhshi Zadeh Amirhossein Zare Reisabadi -
Open Access Article
544 - Investigating on surface roughness of nanohybrid and micro-hybrid composite resins following the use of a simplified polishing system
Seyedeh Parvin Hosseini Fadabobeh Mehrdad Kazemian M. R Malekipour Esfahani -
Open Access Article
545 - تحلیل فرایند برش قابهای PVC به وسیله گیوتین و ارائه راهکارهای برطرف کردن عیوب برش
سعید شیری پایین دروازه مهران مرادیفرایند برش قابPVC به وسیله دستگاه گیوتین یکی از روشهای­ متداول در برش این­گونه مواد ­است که مورد توجه بسیاری از تولیدکنندگان قطعات خودرو و همچنین تولید­کنندگان لوازم تزئینی از جنس PVC قرار گرفته است. در این مقاله ابتدا تأثیر پارام Moreفرایند برش قابPVC به وسیله دستگاه گیوتین یکی از روشهای­ متداول در برش این­گونه مواد ­است که مورد توجه بسیاری از تولیدکنندگان قطعات خودرو و همچنین تولید­کنندگان لوازم تزئینی از جنس PVC قرار گرفته است. در این مقاله ابتدا تأثیر پارامترهای اصلی مانند سرعت برش، نوع روانکار و نیروی فشاری قطعه­گیر بر پارامتر صافی سطح مقطع برش خورده به وسیله آزمایش بر روی یک نمونه مشخص بررسی شده است. سپس با استفاده از نرمافزار ABAQUS و انجام شبیه­سازی تأثیر این پارامترها مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. بررسی نتایج به دست آمده از آزمایشها و نرم­افزار تأثیر شدید این پارامترها را بر صافی سطح و نیروی برش نشان می­دهد. در پایان با توجه به آزمایشهای انجام شده، چند راه حل برای بهبود عیوب دستگاهها ارائه شده است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
546 - اثر پارامترهای فرآیند پرداختکاری با ذرات ساینده مغناطیسی برای پرداختکاری پیچهای ساچمه ای
آرش محمدی عبدالحمید عزیزیپرداختکاری قطعات صنعتی یکی از مهمترین مراحل تولید در صنایع وابسته به کیفیت سطح هست. پرداختکاری با استفاده از میدان مغناطیسی روشی جدید در پرداخت سطوح است. در این فرآیند براده برداری بهصورت مکانیکی انجام می­شود و گل ساینده نیمه همگن پرداخت سایش سطح را انجام می­د Moreپرداختکاری قطعات صنعتی یکی از مهمترین مراحل تولید در صنایع وابسته به کیفیت سطح هست. پرداختکاری با استفاده از میدان مغناطیسی روشی جدید در پرداخت سطوح است. در این فرآیند براده برداری بهصورت مکانیکی انجام می­شود و گل ساینده نیمه همگن پرداخت سایش سطح را انجام می­دهد. نیروی مورد نیاز جهت پرداخت سطوح توسط میدان مغناطیسی ایجاد می­شود. ازاینرو، این روش یک روش ماشینکاری مدرن محسوب می­گردد. یکی از کاربردهای روش­های ماشینکاری مدرن کار در نقاطی است که شیوه­های سنتی نمی­توانند کار انجام دهند. مارپیچ­ها و پیچ­ها امروزه جایگاه مهمی در صنعت پیدا کرده­اند، این امر باعث توجه بیشتر به روش ساخت و پرداختکاری این قطعات شده است. این مکانیزم برای پرداختکاری مارپیچ Ball Screw دستگاه CNC با استفاده از دستگاه تراش TN-50 صورت پذیرفته است. همچنین میدان مغناطیسی توسط آهن­ربای دائمی نوع Nd-Fe-B ایجاد شده است. در آزمایش­های انجامگرفته تأثیر چهار پارامتر مؤثر بر کیفیت سطح موردبررسی قرار گرفت. این پارامترها شامل سرعت دوران، سرعت پیشروی، اندازه ذرات ساینده و مقدار ذرات فرومغناطیس می­باشند. اثر بیشتر پارامترها مثبت بوده و باعث افزایش کیفیت سطح می­شوند، اما بهطورکلی هر پارامتر مقداری بهینه داشته که با رسیدن به این مقدار کاهش راندمان و کیفیت سطح در کار مشاهده گردید. همچنین برخی پارامترها ازجمله سرعت پیشروی تأثیر کمتری در فرایند داشته­اند. نمونه اولیه دارای زبری سطح 017/1 میکرومتر بوده و بهترین کیفیت سطح بهدستآمده 352/0 میکرومتر است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
547 - بررسی اثرات ماشینکاری EDM برریزساختار سطح درفولاد CK45
سینا عابدپور اسماعیل جعفری احمد افسری سعید حدیدی مودماشینکاری به روش تخلیه الکتریکی(EDM) برای براده برداری فلزات و مواد رسانای الکتریکی با سختی بالا و همچنین برای ماشینکاری قطعاتی با فرم های پیچیده کاربرد دارد. این ویژگیها سبب شده تا این روش ماشینکاری برای ساخت قالبهای کوبشی، به روشی مقرون به صرفه و کاربردی تبدیل Moreماشینکاری به روش تخلیه الکتریکی(EDM) برای براده برداری فلزات و مواد رسانای الکتریکی با سختی بالا و همچنین برای ماشینکاری قطعاتی با فرم های پیچیده کاربرد دارد. این ویژگیها سبب شده تا این روش ماشینکاری برای ساخت قالبهای کوبشی، به روشی مقرون به صرفه و کاربردی تبدیل شود. به دلیل ماهیت این فرایند در سطح موضع ماشینکاری تنشهای حرارتی و میکروترکها در سطح موضع ماشینکاری ایجاد میشوند. فولاد(CK45) در ساخت قالبهای کوبشی کاربرد دارد و طیف وسیعی از قالب ها از این فولاد ساخته میشوند. در این مقاله تأثیر پارامترهای ماشینکاری تخلیه الکتریکی بر روی سطح ماشینکاری شده فولاد CK45 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. به این منظور فرآیند EDM با پارامترهای مختلف، روی مجموعهای از نمونهها، انجام شده و سطح آنها توسط میکروسکوپ نوری بررسی و رابطه پارامترهای ماشینکاری با صافی سطح (Ra) و تراکم میکروترکهای سطحی به روش برازش، ارزیابی کمی شده است. هدف از این پژوهش آن است که با استفاده از نتایج حاصل بتوانیم در هنگام ماشینکاری قالب، صافی سطح و میزان میکروترکها را با توجه به پارامتر های ماشینکاری پیش بینی کنیم. در نتیجه امکان انتخاب مناسب پارامترهای ماشینکاری به منظور دستیابی به کیفیت مطلوب فراهم میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
548 - تأثیر کشش سطحی بر تحلیل ارتعاشات غیر خطی نانو لوله
جعفر اسکندری جم یاسر میرزایی بهنام قشلاقیدر این مقاله به بررسی ارتعاشات غیرخطی نانو لوله ها با استفاده از تئوری اویلر برنولی تیر و با در نظر گرفتن مدل غیرخطی هندسی ون-کارمن به همراه اثرات کشش سطحی پرداخته شده است. با بهکارگیری مدهای ارتعاشات آزاد مسئله خطی، فرکانسهای طبیعی غیر خطی نانو لوله با شرایط مر Moreدر این مقاله به بررسی ارتعاشات غیرخطی نانو لوله ها با استفاده از تئوری اویلر برنولی تیر و با در نظر گرفتن مدل غیرخطی هندسی ون-کارمن به همراه اثرات کشش سطحی پرداخته شده است. با بهکارگیری مدهای ارتعاشات آزاد مسئله خطی، فرکانسهای طبیعی غیر خطی نانو لوله با شرایط مرزی ساده بر حسب توابع بیضوی ژاکوبی بهدست آورده شده است. نتایج عددی نشان میدهد که کشش سطح، شماره مود، دامنه ارتعاشات و طول نانو لوله اثرات مورد توجهی بر خواص ارتعاشی نانو لولهها دارند. همچنین تأثیر کشش سطح بر روی نمودار فاز مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در نهایت، مشاهده شده است که تأثیر کشش سطح با افزایش ابعاد نانو لوله از بین میرود. مطالعه حاضر را میتوان در بهبود طراحی انواع مختلف میکرو- نانو سنسورها مورد استفاده قرار داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
549 - مطالعه تأثیر استفاده از نانوسیال برای خنککاری در فرایند فرزکاری جهت بهبود پارامترهای ماشینکاری
احمد افسری امیرحسین زارعیهدف از این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر محلول نانوپودر در آب صابون برای خنککاری قطعات تولیدی در ماشین فرز و مقایسه آن با سیالات خنککاری متداول است. یکی از مهمترین عوامل در عملیات ماشینکاری که باعث کاهش عمر ابزار و تخریب کیفیت سطح میشود دما و انتقال حرارت است. برای رفع این مشکل Moreهدف از این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر محلول نانوپودر در آب صابون برای خنککاری قطعات تولیدی در ماشین فرز و مقایسه آن با سیالات خنککاری متداول است. یکی از مهمترین عوامل در عملیات ماشینکاری که باعث کاهش عمر ابزار و تخریب کیفیت سطح میشود دما و انتقال حرارت است. برای رفع این مشکل از سیال خنک ساز و روانکار استفاده میشود. ضریب هدایت حرارتی سیالات معمولی در عملیات ماشینکاری زیاد نیست و برای افزایش ضریب هدایت حرارتی و همچنین بهبود خنککاری از موادی با اندازه نانو در سیال خنککننده استفاده شده است. این امر باعث افزایش سرعت و کاهش زمان ماشینکاری شد و کیفیت سطح قطعه را بهبود بخشید. در این تحقیق از نانوسیال آب صابون که از اضافه کردن نانو ذرات مس با خلوص 99 درصد با نام تجاریOHFC بهدست آمده است، برای عملیات ماشینکاری استفاده شده است. در این آزمایش سه عامل سرعت دورانی، سرعت پیشروی و عمق براده برداری در سه حالت خشک، آب صابون معمولی و نانوسیال، بهعنوان متغیرهای آزمایش در نظر گرفته شده است و در نهایت دمای کاری و کیفیت سطح مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. مقایسه نتایج بهدست آمده از آزمایشها در حالتهای مختلف نشانگر افزایش نرخ انتقال حرارت و بهبود کیفیت سطح در اثر استفاده از نانوسیال است. این پدیدهها عمر ابزار و بازده را افزایش میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
550 - پیش بینی سطح ایجاد شده در فرایند فرزکاری با ابزارهای سرتخت و سرکروی
محمد رضا موحدی امیر جدیری فیضیمدلسازی سطح فرزکاری شده با انگشتی های استوانه ای و سرکروی مارپیچ با در نظرگرفتن سینماتیک واقعی حرکت، خیز استاتیکی و خارج از مرکز بودن ابزار ارائه شده است. نیروهای برش توسط یک مدل نیمه تجربی، بر اساس داده های آزمایشات برش قائم و به کمک معادلات تبدیل برش قائم به مایل محا Moreمدلسازی سطح فرزکاری شده با انگشتی های استوانه ای و سرکروی مارپیچ با در نظرگرفتن سینماتیک واقعی حرکت، خیز استاتیکی و خارج از مرکز بودن ابزار ارائه شده است. نیروهای برش توسط یک مدل نیمه تجربی، بر اساس داده های آزمایشات برش قائم و به کمک معادلات تبدیل برش قائم به مایل محاسبه شد. به کمک معادلات خیز تیر یک سرگیردار، خیز ابزار مدل گردید. ضخامت براده جدانشده بهعنوان بحرانی ترین پارامتر متاثر از خارج از مرکز بودن ابزار مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. در نهایت با در نظرگرفتن مختصات هر یک از نقاط سطح و مقدار خیز در همان نقطه، سطح نهائی بدست آمد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
551 - بررسی و شبیهسازی فرآیند نورد نامتقارن سیم
علی پرویزی بهزاد پسوده کارن ابری نیافرایند نورد نامتقارن سیم برای دو ماده مس و برنج با نرمافزار آباکوس مورد شبیه­سازی قرارگرفته است. مدل المان محدود موردنظر در این شبیه­سازی تیری نورد، انحنای خروجی و عرض سطح تماس را در حالت نامتقارنی فرایند (عدم برابری قطر غلتکها، سرعت دورانی غلتکها و صافی سطح Moreفرایند نورد نامتقارن سیم برای دو ماده مس و برنج با نرمافزار آباکوس مورد شبیه­سازی قرارگرفته است. مدل المان محدود موردنظر در این شبیه­سازی تیری نورد، انحنای خروجی و عرض سطح تماس را در حالت نامتقارنی فرایند (عدم برابری قطر غلتکها، سرعت دورانی غلتکها و صافی سطح غلتکها) پیش­بینی می­کند. مواد مورداستفادهشده در تحلیل خاصیت کرنش سختی دارند. برای صحه­گذاری بر داده­های این مطالعه، نتایج بهدستآمده از این شبیه­سازی با نتایج مطالعه تحلیلی نورد متقارن تخت سیم سایر محققین مقایسه شده است. مقایسه نتایج تطابق خوب بین این دو روش را نشان میدهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
552 - ارتعاشات دو صفحه گرافنی حاوی ذره، کوپل شده توسط محیط الاستیک بر اساس تئوری های کلاسیک و میندلین با در نظر گرفتن اثرات سطح
محمد هاشمیاندر این تحقیق ارتعاشات دو نانو صفحه­ی گرافنی کوپل شده به یکدیگر مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نانوصفحات توسط محیط الاستیک پاسترناک به یکدیگر مرتبط شده­اند. از تئوری­های ورق کلاسیک و میندلین برای مدل­سازی نانوصفحات استفاده شده است. بر روی نانوصفحه­ی بالای Moreدر این تحقیق ارتعاشات دو نانو صفحه­ی گرافنی کوپل شده به یکدیگر مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نانوصفحات توسط محیط الاستیک پاسترناک به یکدیگر مرتبط شده­اند. از تئوری­های ورق کلاسیک و میندلین برای مدل­سازی نانوصفحات استفاده شده است. بر روی نانوصفحه­ی بالایی جرمی قرار دارد. روابط حاکم بر اساس روش انرژی و اصل همیلتون بدست آمده و با در نظر گرفتن تئوری­های اثرات تنش سطح و ارینگن ، بصورت غیرموضعی بیان شده­اند. با استفاده از روش گالرکین نمودارهای فرکانس بر اساس پارامتر مقیاس کوچک رسم شده و تأثیر پارامترهایی چون جرم متحرک، اثرات سطح و ... بحث شده­اند. نتایج نشان­ می­دهند که با در نظر گرفتن اثرات سطح، فرکانس سیستم افزایش می­یابد، همچنین اجرام سنگین­تر دور از تکیه­گاه­ها، کاهش فرکانس را در بر دارند. [1]Double-Graphene Sheet-System [2]Classic plate theory [3] Mindlin plate theory [4] Surface stress effects [5] Eringen Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
553 - پایداری دینامیکی نانو تیر مدرج تابعی بر اساس تئوری تیموشنکو
شهاب صفاری محمد هاشمیاناین مقاله به بررسی رفتار پایداری دینامیکی نانوتیر ساخته شده از مواد مدرج تابعی تحت بار دینامیکی وگرادیان حرارتی می­پردازد. نانوتیر در محیط پاسترناک بوده و برای مدل­سازی آن از تئوری تیر تیموشنکو استفاده شده است. خواص مواد از قبیل مدول یانگ، نسبت پواسون، چگالی، تن Moreاین مقاله به بررسی رفتار پایداری دینامیکی نانوتیر ساخته شده از مواد مدرج تابعی تحت بار دینامیکی وگرادیان حرارتی می­پردازد. نانوتیر در محیط پاسترناک بوده و برای مدل­سازی آن از تئوری تیر تیموشنکو استفاده شده است. خواص مواد از قبیل مدول یانگ، نسبت پواسون، چگالی، تنش پسماندسطح، مدول برشی ومدول سطح به صورت تابع توانی در نظر گرفته شده­اند. همچنین در این روش اثرات سطح بر روی حجم نیز در نظر گرفته شده است. بااستفاده از اصل همیلتون وتئوری ارینگن معادلات حرکت برای نانوتیر باتکیه­گاه ساده استخراج شده است. سپس باربحرانی وفرکانس طبیعی تعیین گردیده ودر نهایت نواحی ناپایداری دینامیکی رسم شده­ است. نتایج نشان می دهد که با افزایش پارامترهای اثر مقیاس کوچک، تنش پسماند سطح، نسبت طول به ضخامت و باراستاتیکی، ناحیه ناپایداری دینامیکی به سمت فرکانس تحریک کمتر باعرض کمتر حرکت می­نماید. در حالی که با افزایش ثابت محیط، فرکانس تحریک افزایش می­یابد. همچنین تغییرات ناحیه ناپایداری دینامیکی در دوحالت دما بالا ودما پایین موردبررسی قرار گرفته است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
554 - Increasing the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells using plasmonic gold nanocrystals with SiO2 and TiO2 coating
Leila Shabani Ahmad Mohammadi ُTahmineh JalaliIn this research, the synthesis of plasmonic nanoparticles was carried out by chemical dissolution method in three steps. Then, Au@TiO2 and Au@SiO2 core-shell nanostructures have been investigated. These nanostructures were used as photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cel MoreIn this research, the synthesis of plasmonic nanoparticles was carried out by chemical dissolution method in three steps. Then, Au@TiO2 and Au@SiO2 core-shell nanostructures have been investigated. These nanostructures were used as photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Parameters such as short circuit current, open circuit voltage, fill factor and conversion efficiency of DSSCs were obtained. The cell in which Au@TiO2 synthesized with mercaptoacetic acid ligand is used, has the highest efficiency. The primary causes of this are the heightened near-field effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and the creation of enhanced photocurrent due to plasmonics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
555 - Management of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers of Caspian Sea
Mehdi Nezhadnaderi -
Open Access Article
556 - Cultural Typology of Facenama Social Networking’s Popular Users by Grounded Theory Method
saiid maadani mehdi abediniThe Information technologies have had significant impacts on society in a way that their most impacts are being on the culture sector. Barlow marks it as the most serious cultural evolution since the discovering of fire. In recent years, one of the most important inform MoreThe Information technologies have had significant impacts on society in a way that their most impacts are being on the culture sector. Barlow marks it as the most serious cultural evolution since the discovering of fire. In recent years, one of the most important information technologies is social networking which has grown incredibly in terms of attracting the users. In Iran, the social networking of Facenama could have attracted about 2 million users in 3 years and is located on top of the most popular sites in Iran. The aim of this research is to know that how many cultural types of the Facanama social networking’s user can be categorized. Since no studies have been performed on this issue and no specific theories exist about it, the grounded theory was used in this study which is based on no theories. The results showed that 5 main types of users exist in Facenama social networking, including: “lover and paying attention to romantic life”, “interested in religious life and doing religious recommendation”, “paying attention to the words of elders for a better life”, “happy, lively and joyful” and “single, isolated and heartbreak”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
557 - Evaluation of Anti-HBS-Ab titers in chronic hemodialysis patients in the hospitals of Mashhad Islamic Azad University 2013-2014.
Sara Rastegari Zahra MostafavianIntroduction:Annual measurement of Anti-HBS antibody levels is recommended in hemodialysis patients after immunization with the vaccine. Which in regard to a state of immunosuppression, regular transfusion of blood, blood products and need for hemodialysis; it seems a l MoreIntroduction:Annual measurement of Anti-HBS antibody levels is recommended in hemodialysis patients after immunization with the vaccine. Which in regard to a state of immunosuppression, regular transfusion of blood, blood products and need for hemodialysis; it seems a long time period .This study aimed to evaluate Anti-HBS antibody levels in patients undergoing continuous hemodialysis in the period of 6 months interval. Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional study Anti-HBS antibody serum levels were checked in 285 hemodialysis patients referred to 22 Bahman and 17 Shahrivar hospitals of Mashhad in 2013 to 2014. Some demographic data such as age, sex, history of diabetes, previous history of hepatitis B vaccination (four doses schedule) and booster doses, HBS-Ag, Anti-HCV and Anti-HIV were recorded in a checklist prepared for this purpose 4 times in 6 months intervals and were statistically analyzed in SPSS V.20 software. Results: The mean age of patients was 66. 4 ± 8.9 years. 58 % were female and 42 % were male. 58 % of patients had a history of diabetes. The mean duration of dialysis was 50. 1 ± 46. 3 months. At the beginning of the study HBS-Ag was negative in 279 patients (98%) and was positive in 6 patients (2%) and Anti-HCV was positive in one patient (0. 35% ) . These values did not change by the end of the research. Anti-HIV did not become positive in any case in the beginning and throughout the study. At the end of the first year, 157 people (81%) and at the end of the second year, 38 patients (19%) and totally 195 patients (68%) lost their immunity serum levels (Anti-HBS Ab >10 MIU/ml) at least in one of these 6-month intervals. Conclusion:According to the results of this study , measurement of Anti-HBS antibody levels at least every six months, instead of annual measuring can be more effective in terms of hepatitis B contamination prevention in chronic hemodialysis patients . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
558 - To Examine Dimensions of Social Networks’ Filtering Regulations in Iran’s law
Alireza Milani Mahdi Farahnaki -
Open Access Article
559 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
560 - Determination of Surface Irrigation Efficiencies for Pumpkin plant in Khoy Plain Lands
فاطمه پناهدوست Faribourz AhmadzadehAccording to the statistics, surface irrigation system covers more than 95% of the country's lands and current efficiency of the system is estimated as less than 35%. Hence, the need for detailed understanding of surface irrigation efficiencies in the irrigated lands an MoreAccording to the statistics, surface irrigation system covers more than 95% of the country's lands and current efficiency of the system is estimated as less than 35%. Hence, the need for detailed understanding of surface irrigation efficiencies in the irrigated lands and presenting appropriate solutions to increase such factors are too important to measure and should be taken in line with optimal consumption of agricultural water which covers more than 70% of the country's available water. Hence, a farm was selected in Malajnood village area which was irrigated in furrow method and then was evaluated during the two phases of irrigation. The underlying tests were conducted using partial Parshall with input water flow of 3.66, 1.97L?S. Elliot7Wlker's two-point method was used to determine infiltration equation coefficients. The relationship between needed water and exact moisture distribution which was equal to 2 samples of irrigation indicated two cases of incomplete irrigation. Findings of the study indicated that deep percolation ratio was 23.33 and 45.63 and the irrigation adequacy was 100% that showed the high water losses and low water efficiency, but the full supply of plant water needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
561 - Simultaneous optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam aerial parts using response surface methodology
Zineb El Jabboury Smail Aazza Driss Ousaaid Oumaima Chater Uroš Gašić Peđa Janaćković Zora Dajic Stevanovic Stefan Kolašinac Meryem Benjelloun Lahsen El GhadraouiIn this report, different extracts from the aerial parts of Ammi visnaga (L.), e.g., flowers, leaves, and stems were prepared using water, methanol, and ethanol. To optimize the extraction process, the design of mixtures was carried out using different extracting solven MoreIn this report, different extracts from the aerial parts of Ammi visnaga (L.), e.g., flowers, leaves, and stems were prepared using water, methanol, and ethanol. To optimize the extraction process, the design of mixtures was carried out using different extracting solvents and their combinations. The special cubic model explained the variance of the TPC and the antioxidant activity of the extracts at a level of R2 > 95%. In general, the analysis of the model-derived response surfaces revealed that in binary mixtures (50% ethanol + 50% methanol), the yielded values of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity increase with the water proportion of different prepared mixtures. The ability of the quaternary mixture to extract the phenolic compounds was also positively and significantly influenced by the water content, creating a mild polar medium for the extraction of phenolic compounds. The phenolic profile of different extracts under study revealed the presence of a cocktail of active ingredients, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid, etc. especially the flower extract of A. visnaga (L.). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
562 - The effect between virtual and face-to-face education on learning efficiency among students of Kish Applied Science Center
mojtaba moazzami Gholam Reza HekmatiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect between virtual and face-to-face education on learning efficiency among students of Kish Applied Science Center. The research method was descriptive-correlation.The statistical population of all students of Kish Univer MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect between virtual and face-to-face education on learning efficiency among students of Kish Applied Science Center. The research method was descriptive-correlation.The statistical population of all students of Kish University of Applied Sciences was 827, which according to Morgan's formula, 262 people were selected as a simple random sample. Data analysis was performed using regression test and SPSS-18 software.Significance level of comparison of learning efficiency among face-to-face and virtual education students which is equal to 0.036 and is less than 0.05, so there is a significant difference between learning efficiency between face-to-face and virtual education students because the rate of learning efficiency in face-to-face students is equal. 1/4 which is more than virtual students. This shows that face-to-face education has more effect on students' learning in different dimensions of content, resources and educational materials, information technology and smart tools and teaching strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
563 - Mowlana’s cry, Masnavi’s gem
Ali SanayeiThis article aims at discussing the main concepts in Masnavi. An analysis of the content is also offered from the point of view of Molla Sadra’s three principle and Mowlana’s Gnosticism.This article aims at discussing the main concepts in Masnavi. An analysis of the content is also offered from the point of view of Molla Sadra’s three principle and Mowlana’s Gnosticism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
564 - Analysis of the consumption of new media among women in Tehran (Case study: the extent and type of use of virtual social networks)
Akram boorboor سمیه تاجیک اسماعیلیThe present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the use of virtual social networks among women in Tehran and also comparing the purposeful use of virtual social networks among them. Descriptive research method, the statistical population of the research includ MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the use of virtual social networks among women in Tehran and also comparing the purposeful use of virtual social networks among them. Descriptive research method, the statistical population of the research includes all the women living in Tehran and the sample number is 303 women who answered the research questionnaires through google form. The findings of the research showed that Instagram (average 3.19) and Telegram (average 2.53) had relatively better status than Twitter (average 1.96) and Facebook (average 1.42). The results also showed that Tehrani women mostly use Telegram to receive information and gain knowledge and are at a weak level in terms of content production. Women mostly use Instagram pages and other people's personal experiences on Twitter to receive various trainings. Female Facebook users are more active in commenting for others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
565 - Seismic Reliability of Stone Arch Bridges Considering the Uncertainty of Material Properties Based on the Response Surface Method
ََAmirhossein Mehrbod Farhad Behnamfar Armin Aziminejad Hamid Hashemol-HosseiniMasonry arch bridges are built using masonry materials such as brick or stone with or without mortar. Their mechanical properties due to the variety of materials used, the quality of construction, and the effect of the passage of time can be inconstant and have signific MoreMasonry arch bridges are built using masonry materials such as brick or stone with or without mortar. Their mechanical properties due to the variety of materials used, the quality of construction, and the effect of the passage of time can be inconstant and have significant uncertainties. Therefore, to ensure the ability and performance of the structure against the loads, especially earthquakes, adopting more accurate modeling methods and considering these uncertainties is fundamental issue of structural engineering. For a stone arch bridge of Iran's railway network, the mechanical properties of the materials including the normal and shear stiffness coefficient of the stone block joint as well as the internal friction angle of the joints were considered as quantities with uncertainty and as random variables. According to the discrete environment of the bridge, incremental dynamic analysis has been performed under the influence of eleven selected earthquake records using the discrete element method. After analyzing more than 2,600 bridge samples with different material properties, based on the response surface method, the limit state functions of the bridge failure in terms of three random variables have been determined for all records. Using FORM and MSC reliability methods, the reliability index and probability of bridge failure were calculated. The results showed that for the selected earthquake records, the spectral acceleration of the bridge collapse threshold were reduced by 30% to 50% considering the uncertainties compared to the case where the uncertainty in the materials is not considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
566 - The Effects of Polyethylene Terephthalate Surface Treatment by SO2 Plasma on the Polymer Hemocompatibility
F. Ahmadi A. Asef nejad M.T Khorasani M. Daliri JoopariPolyethylene terephthalate polymer is a member of the polyester polymer family that has high mechanical and chemical resistance. The use of artificial vessel prostheses made of polyethylene terephthalate with acceptable physical and biological characteristics is a suita MorePolyethylene terephthalate polymer is a member of the polyester polymer family that has high mechanical and chemical resistance. The use of artificial vessel prostheses made of polyethylene terephthalate with acceptable physical and biological characteristics is a suitable replacement for damaged vessels. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of modifying the surface of polyethylene terephthalate with SO2 plasma on the hemocompatibility of the polymer.Polymer films were exposed to SO2 gas plasma. In order to evaluate surface chemistry changes, FTIR infrared spectroscopy test was performed. 3D imaging with atomic force microscope (AFM) was performed to examine the structural changes and MTT assay and platelet adhesion tests were carried out to investigate the changes in cell activity and coagulation.The results of infrared spectroscopy in the sample treated by plasma with SO2gas confirmed the presence of peaks related tothe symmetrical bonds of SO2in SO3 or SO4 in the sample. AFM images showed the surface structure changes. The MTT assay test proved the non-toxicity of the SO2gas plasma surface modification method. Adhesion and cell and platelet activity tests also showed the anti-clotting effect of the modified polymer.The use of plasma method with SO2gas is a suitable method to modify the surface and to increase blood compatibility of polyethylene terephthalate polymer, and probably can be used for making artificial blood vessels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
567 - An Investigation on the Metal Injection through the Producing of MIM-ed Low-Alloy Steel
S. Rezaei A. AskariIn this study, we demonstrate the injection stage of Metal Injection Molding (MIM) process to fabricate a small bend-type component. This non-standard but critical engine part is made of a feedstock from the low alloy steel 4605. To optimize various injection parameters MoreIn this study, we demonstrate the injection stage of Metal Injection Molding (MIM) process to fabricate a small bend-type component. This non-standard but critical engine part is made of a feedstock from the low alloy steel 4605. To optimize various injection parameters, the five-variable Box-Behnken Design (BBD) is used with the assumption of a quadratic model, together with the statistical method of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Samples are then fabricated, and their densities are measured. Hence, the significance of these factors as well as the mutual coupling between each two parameters are investigated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Finally, this paper reveals that injection temperature of 155 ◦C, the injection speed of 80 mm/s, holding pressure of 83 bar, holding time of 9 s and the injection pressure of 132 bar led to an optimum density of the green part, which becomes 4.892 g/cm3. Then, a new sample is produced using these optimized settings, and the green component density is measured, which is extremely near to the predicted value. After sintering, the optimized sample’s density and hardness are compared to the MIM-4605 standard criteria. Manuscript profile
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