The Effects of Oxide Fluxes on the Penetration Depth of 316L and A516 Steels in A-TIG Welding: a Comparative Study
Subject Areas : WeldingMohammad Emami 1 , Seyed Hossein Elahi 2
1 - Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, Iran.
2 - Department of Mechanical engineering, Arak University of Technology, Arak, Iran
Keywords:
Abstract :
[1] G. Venkatesan, J. George, M. Sowmyasri, V. Muthupandi, "Effect of ternary fluxes on depth of penetration in A-TIG welding of aisi 409 ferritic stainless steel", Proc. Mat. Sci., Vol. 5, No. 2014, pp. 2402-2410.
[2] M. Muzamil, J. Wu, M. Akhtar, V. Patel, A. Majeed, J. Yang, "Multicomponent enabled MWCNTs-TiO2 nano-activating flux for controlling the geometrical behavior of modified TIG welding joint process", Diam. Relat. Mater., Vol. 97, No. 2019, pp. 107442.
[3] R. Vidyarthy, D.K. Dwivedi, "Activating flux tungsten inert gas welding for enhanced weld penetration", J. Manuf. Process., Vol. 22, No. 2016, pp. 211-228.
[4] D. Sharma, P.K. Ghosh, S. Kumar, S. Das, R. Anant, N. Kumar, "Surface hardening by in-situ grown composite layer on microalloyed steel employing TIG arcing process", Surf.Coat. Tech., Vol. 352, No. 2018, pp. 144-158.
[5] D. Li, S. Lu, W. Dong, D. Li, Y. Li, "Study of the law between the weld pool shape variations with the welding parameters under two TIG processes", J. Mater. Process. Tech., Vol. 212, No. 1, 2012, pp. 128-136.
[6] M. Mirzaei, A. Khodabandeh, H. Najafi, "Effect of active gas on weld shape and microstructure of highly efficient TIG welded A516 low carbon steel", T. Indian I. Metals, Vol. 69, No. 9, 2016, pp. 1723-1731.
[7] C. Heiple, P. Burgardt, "Effects of SO2 shielding gas additions on GTA weld shape", Weld. J., Vol. 64, No. 6, 1985, pp. 159-162.
[8] P. Burgardt, C. Heiple, "Interaction between impurities and welding variables in determining GTA weld shape", Weld. J., Vol. 65, No. 6, 1986, pp. 150.
[9] S. Pierce, P. Burgardt, D. Olson, "Thermocapillary and arc phenomena in stainless steel welding", Weld. J., Vol. 78, No. 1999, pp. 45-s.
[10] K.D. Ramkumar, A. Chandrasekhar, A.K. Singh, S. Ahuja, A. Agarwal, N. Arivazhagan, A.M. Rabel, "Comparative studies on the weldability, microstructure and tensile properties of autogeneous TIG welded AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel with and without flux", J. Manuf. Process., Vol. 20, No. 2015, pp. 54-69.
[11] S. Lu, H. Fujii, H. Sugiyama, M. Tanaka, K. Nogi, "Weld penetration and marangoni convection with oxide fluxes in GTA welding", Mater. Trans., Vol. 43, No. 11, 2002, pp. 2926-2931.
[12] K.A. Yushchenko, D.V. Kovalenko, I.V. Krivtsun, V.F. Demchenko, I.V. Kovalenko, A.B. Lesnoy, "Experimental studies and mathematical modelling of penetration in TIG and A-TIG stationary arc welding of stainless steel", Weld. World, Vol. 53, No. 9, 2009, pp. 253-263.
[13] G. Chandrasekar, C. Kailasanathan, D.K. Verma, K. Nandagopal, "Optimization of welding parameters, influence of activating flux and investigation on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of activated TIG weldments of AISI 316 L stainless steel", T. Indian I. Metals, Vol. 70, No. 3, 2017, pp. 671-684.
[14] G. Venkatesan, V. Muthupandi, J. Justine, "Activated TIG welding of AISI 304L using mono-and tri-component fluxes", Int. J. Adv. Manuf.Tech., Vol. 93, No. 1, 2017, pp. 329-336.
[15] H. Huang, S. Shyu, K. Tseng, C. Chou, "Evaluation of TIG flux welding on the characteristics of stainless steel", Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., Vol. 10, No. 5, 2005, pp. 566-573.
[16] S. Jayakrishnan, P. Chakravarthy, "Flux bounded tungsten inert gas welding for enhanced weld performance—a review", J. Manuf. Process., Vol. 28, No. 2017, pp. 116-130.
[17] A. Berthier, P. Paillard, M. Carin, F. Valensi, S. Pellerin, "TIG and A-TIG welding experimental investigations and comparison to simulation: Part 1: Identification of marangoni effect", Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., Vol. 17, No. 8, 2012, pp. 609-615.
[18] N.P. Patel, V.J. Badheka, J.J. Vora, G.H. Upadhyay, "Effect of oxide fluxes in activated TIG welding of stainless steel 316LN to low activation ferritic/martensitic steel (LAFM) dissimilar combination", T. Indian I. Metals, Vol. 72, No. 10, 2019, pp. 2753-2761.
[19] J.J. Vora, V.J. Badheka, "Improved penetration with the use of oxide fluxes in activated TIG welding of low activation ferritic/martensitic steel", T. Indian I. Metals, Vol. 69, No. 9, 2016, pp. 1755-1764.
[20] A.G. Luciano de Azevedo, V.A. Ferraresi, J.P. Farias, "Ferritic stainless steel welding with the A-TIG process", Weld. Int., Vol. 24, No. 8, 2010, pp. 571-578.
[21] K.-H. Tseng, C.-Y. Hsu, "Performance of activated TIG process in austenitic stainless steel welds", J. Mater. Process. Tech., Vol. 211, No. 3, 2011, pp. 503-512.
[22] G.-h. Liu, M.-h. Liu, Y.-y. Yi, Y.-p. Zhang, Z.-y. Luo, L. Xu, "Activated flux tungsten inert gas welding of 8 mm-thick AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel", J. Cent. South Univ., Vol. 22, No. 3, 2015, pp. 800-805.
[23] K.H. Dhandha, V.J. Badheka, "Effect of activating fluxes on weld bead morphology of P91 steel bead-on-plate welds by flux assisted tungsten inert gas welding process", J. Manuf. Process., Vol. 17, No. 2015, pp. 48-57.
[24] J.J. Valencia, P.N. Quested, "Thermophysical properties", 2013.
[25] B. Pollard, "The effects of minor elements on the welding characteristics of stainless steel", Weld. J., Vol. 67, No. 9, 1988, pp. 202s-213s.
[26] D. Aidun, S. Martin, "Effect of sulfur and oxygen on weld penetration of high-purity austenitic stainless steels", J. Mater. Eng. Perform., Vol. 6, No. 4, 1997, pp. 496-502.
[27] P. Marashi, M. Pouranvari, S. Amirabdollahian, A. Abedi, M. Goodarzi, "Microstructure and failure behavior of dissimilar resistance spot welds between low carbon galvanized and austenitic stainless steels", Mater. Sci. Eng., Vol. 480, No. 2008, pp. 175-180.
[28] P. Kumar, A.N. Sinha, "Effect of pulse width in pulsed ND: YAG dissimilar laser welding of austenitic stainless steel (304 L) and carbon steel (st37)", Lasers Manuf. Mater., Vol. 5, No. 4, 2018, pp. 317-334.
[29] M.H. Bina, M. Jamali, M. Shamanian, H. Sabet, "Investigation on the resistance spot-welded austenitic/ferritic stainless steel", Int. J. Adv. Manuf.Tech., Vol. 75, No. 9, 2014, pp. 1371-1379.
[30] M. Abbaoui, B. Cheminat, P. Andanson, "Influence of the nature of the metal on the conductivity of an argon-metal plasma", J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., Vol. 18, No. 10, 1985, pp. L159.
[31] S. Mishra, T. Lienert, M. Johnson, T. DebRoy, "An experimental and theoretical study of gas tungsten arc welding of stainless steel plates with different sulfur concentrations", Acta Mater., Vol. 56, No. 9, 2008, pp. 2133-2146.
[32] S. Lu, H. Fujii, H. Sugiyama, M. Tanaka, K. Nogi, "Effects of oxygen additions to argon shielding gas on GTA weld shape", ISIJ int., Vol. 43, No. 10, 2003, pp. 1590-1595.
[33] S.H. Elahi, H. Abdi, H. Shahverdi, "Investigating viscosity variations of molten aluminum by calcium addition and stirring", Mater. Lett., Vol. 91, No. 2013, pp. 376-378.
[34] S.H. Elahi, H. Abdi, H. Shahverdi, "A new method for investigating oxidation behavior of liquid metals", Rev. Sci. Instrum., Vol. 85, No. 1, 2014, pp. 015115.
[35] H. Fujii, T. Sato, S. Lu, K. Nogi, "Development of an advanced A-TIG (AA-TIG) welding method by control of marangoni convection", Mater. Sci. Eng. A, Vol. 495, No. 1-2, 2008, pp. 296-303.
[36] L. Pilcher, "Welding dissimilar metals ", 2015.
[37] R. Brooks, P. Quested, "The surface tension of steels", J. Mater. Sci., Vol. 40, No. 9, 2005, pp. 2233-2238.
[38] D. Howse, W. Lucas, "Investigation into arc constriction by active fluxes for tungsten inert gas welding", Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., Vol. 5, No. 3, 2000, pp. 189-193.
[39] P. Vasantharaja, M. Vasudevan, "Studies on A-TIG welding of low activation ferritic/martensitic (LAFM) steel", J.Nucl. Mater., Vol. 421, No. 1-3, 2012, pp. 117-123.
[40] M. Rywotycki, Z. Malinowski, J. Giełżecki, A. Gołdasz, "Modelling liquid steel motion caused by electromagnetic stirring in continuous casting steel process", Arch. Metall. Mater., Vol. 59, No. 2, 2014, pp. 487--492.
[41] K. Morohoshi, M. Uchikoshi, M. Isshiki, H. Fukuyama, "Surface tension of liquid iron as functions of oxygen activity and temperature", ISIJ int., Vol. 51, No. 10, 2011, pp. 1580-1586.
[42] J. Zhou, H.-L. Tsai, T. Lehnhoff, "Investigation of transport phenomena and defect formation in pulsed laser keyhole welding of zinc-coated steels", J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., Vol. 39, No. 24, 2006, pp. 5338.