Effect Of Quenching and Tempering Temperature on the Fracture Quality of GS-45CrNiMo4-2 Steel, Through the Quench-Temper Heat Treatment Cycle

Subject Areas : journal of New Materials

Hamed Eskandari ¹ (INSIG Company, Ahvaz, Iran)
Mansoor Farzam ² (Department of Technical Inspection, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran. ‎)
Omid Abbasi Larki ³ (INSIG Company- Ahwaz- Iran)

Received: 2018-05-28 Accepted : 2018-12-15 Published : 2019-01-21

Keywords: mechanical properties, Heat Treatment, GS45 CrNiMo 4-2 Steel, Fracture Surfaces, Impact Energy,

Abstract :

In this study, was exposed to various Quench-Temper heat treatment cycles. Structural analyzes, mechanical tests (tension and impact) as well as analyzing the fracture surfaces of tension tests for models exposed to quenching environments (100 ͦ C and 200 ͦ C) and tempering (250 ͦ C-500 ͦ C) with austenitic temperature of 800 ͦ C, were performed. The amounts of stiffness, tensile strength and impact energy of the original raw material were 20 HRC, 724MPa and 20J, respectively. Results showed that after the heat treatment cycles, the amounts of stiffness in oil 100 ͦ C and 200 ͦ C were 50 and 55 HRC respectively, and tensile strength and impact energy for both quenching environments were near 1730 MPa and 7 J. With tempering from 250 ͦ C to 500 ͦ C, stiffness and tensile strength were decreased, and ductility and impact energy were increased (up to 40J). Also, under the quenching environment of oil with temperature of 200 ͦ C, secondary stage stiffening occurred due to more remaining austenite at tempering process temperature of 350 ͦ C. Through the tempering process, A good combination of ductility and impact energy were not achieved at 250 ͦ C and the cleavage mode of fracture at this temperature was observed. At temperatures above 500 ͦ C, ductile fracture was observed and between 250 ͦ C and 350 ͦ C, the outcome was semi-cleavage (brittle + ductile) fracture.

References:

References:
1- D. A. Ringey, W. A. Glaeser, "Wear Resistance" ,Metals Handbook, ASM, Ed. 9,Vol. 1, PP.579-638.

2- A. Trausmuth, M. Rodríguez Ripoll, G. Zehethofer, T. Vogl, E. Badisch, Impact of corrosion on sliding wear properties of low-alloyed carbon steel, Wear, 26 Feb. 2015.

 3- L. T. Anderson, The Benefits of New Strength Low-Alloy Steel, Welding journal, PP. 21-25, May 1997.

4- S. D. Zhu, A.Q. Fu, J. Miao, Z.F. Yin, G.S. Zhou, J.F. Wei, Corrosion of N80 carbon steel in oil field formation water containing CO2 in the absence and presence of acetic acid, Corros. Sci. 53, PP.3156–3165, 2011.

5- M. A. Grossmann, E. L. Bain, “Principles of Heat Treatment”, American Society forMetals, 5th Ed., 1968.

6- M. B. Kermani, A. Morshed, Carbon dioxide corrosion in oil and gas production – a compendium, Corrosion 59 (2003) 659–683.

7- Y. Tomita, T. Okawa, “Effect of Microstructure on Mechanical Properties of Isothermaly Bainite-Transformed 300M Steel,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, Vol. 172, pp.145-151, 1993.

8- S. Maropoulos, N. Ridley, J. Kechagias, “Fracture Toughness Evalution of a HSLA Steel,” Eng. Frac. Mech., Vol. 71, pp.1695-1704, 2004.

9- Y. Sakuma, D. K. Matlock, G. Krauss,“On the Influence of Interactionsbetween Phases on the Mechanical Stability of Retained Austenite in Transformation-Induced Plasticity Multiphase Steels,” Metall. Trans. A, Vol. 23, pp.1221-32, 1992.

10- P. Jacques, , Q. Furnemont, “ON the Role of MartensiticTransformation on Damage and Cracking Resistance in TRIPAssisted Multiphase steels”, Acta. Mater., Vol. 49, pp.139-152, 2001.

11- ع. کریمی طاقانکی، ت. دلالی اصفهانی، ح. غیور، ف. شاه محمدیان، "بررسی اثر تنگستن و عملیات حرارتی بر ریز ساختار و رفتار سایشی چدن نایهارد 4"، مجله مواد نوین، جلد 6، شماره 4، ص 13-28، تابستان 1395.

12- Y. Tomita, “Effect of Sulphide Inclusion Shape on Plane Strain Fracture Toughness of Heat-Treated Structural Low-Alloy Steels”, Mater. Sci., Vol. 25, pp.950-956, 1990.

13- P. A. Porter, K. E. Easterling,“Phase Transformation in Metals and Alloys”,Van Nostrand Reinhold Company,1981.          

14- CAO Yi, WANG Zho-dong, KANG Jian, WU Di, WANG Guo-dong, " Effects of Tempering Temperature and Mo/Ni on Microstructures and Properties of Lath Martensitic Wear -Resistant Steels", Journal  Of  Iron And  Steel Research International, 20(4), PP.70-75, 2013.

15- B. He, W. Xu, M.X. Huang, “Increase of martensite start temperature after small deformation of austenite”, Materials Science and Engineering, A609, pp.141-146, 2014.

16- E.R.Parker and V.F.Zackay, "Enhancement of fracture toughness in high strength steel by microstructural control", Engineering fracture mechanics, Vol.5, pp.147-165, 1973.

17- G. E. Dieter; Mechanical Metallurgy; Second Edition, Mc. Graw- Hill, PP.193-199, 1976.

18- J. P. Materkowski and G. Krauss, "Tempered martensite embrittlement in SAE 4340 steel", Metall. Trans. A, Vol.10A, pp.1643-1651, 1979.

19- V. Kerlins, "ASM Handbook: Fractography", Vol.12, USA:ASM International, 1987.

20- W. M. Garrison, A. L. Wojcieszynski, "Adiscussion of the spacing of inclusion in the volume and of the spacing of inclusion nucleated voids on fracture surfaces of steels". Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 505, pp.52‐91, 2009.

21- M. Saeglitz, G. Krauss,”Deformation, Fracture, and Mechanical Properties of Low-Temperature-Tempered Martensite in SAE 43XX Steels,” Metall. Mater.Trans. A, Vol. 28, pp.377-387, 1997.