The Study of the Diffusion Coefficient of Meso-Scale Eddies in the Persian Gulf
Subject Areas :
Physical Oceanography
Amin Raeisi
1
,
Hesameddin Mehrfar
2
,
AbbasAli AliAkbariBidokhti
3
1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, School of Science, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran
3 - Professor, Geophysics Institute, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Received: 2021-08-20
Accepted : 2022-07-24
Published : 2022-03-21
Keywords:
meso-scale eddies,
Persian Gulf,
eddy diffusion coefficient,
sea surface height,
Abstract :
Background and objectives: Meso-scale eddies are not only dynamically important, but also climatologically, environmentally, as well as in terms of air-sea interaction are of special importance. Due to the existence of oil and gas fields, the Persian Gulf is exposed to oil pollution, analyzing the role of factors such as meso-scale eddies in the spread of pollution in the Persian Gulf is very important.Methods: In this study, sea level data related to the analyzed Aviso reference data series (2010-2014) were used and meso-scale eddies were identified and tracked using a method based on sea level, and the relevant maps were drawn. This method is more effective than other common methods of tracking eddies.Findings: By studying the location of formation of eddies, eddy distribution coefficient was also calculated and the results indicated that eddies created in spring have a larger scale and higher speed, while eddies created in winter have a smaller scale and lower speed.Discussion and Conclusion: The eddies located in the north and south of the Persian Gulf have moved to the west and east of the Persian Gulf, respectively, which is consistent with the results of other studies. The range of the most eddy activity in the entrance parts of the Persian Gulf is from the Strait of Hormuz and inclined to the coast of Iran as well as northwest of the Persian Gulf. The maximum number of eddies is observed in summer and winter and the least number of eddies is observed in spring and autumn.
References:
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Vallis, G. K. 2005. Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge, UK: University Cambridge Press, 450-451.
Raeisi, A., Bidokhti, A. A., Nazemossadat, S. M. J., and Lari, K. 2020. The study of mesoscale eddies and their dispersive environmental impacts in the Persian Gulf. Chinese Physic B., 29(8): 084701. DOI:10.1088/1674-1056/ab96a3
Rahnemania, A, Bidokhti A. A., Ezam, M., Lari, K. and Ghader, S. 2019. A Numerical Study of the Frontal System between the Inflow and Outflow Waters in the Persian Gulf, Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. 12(5), 1475-1486
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Gopalan, A., Krishna, V. V., Al,i M. M., and Sharma, R. 2000. Detection of Bay of Bengal eddies from TOPEX and in situ observations, Journal of Marine Research., 58(5), 721-734.
Zarei, Z., Sediq Marosti, S. and Torabi Azad, M. 2006: The study of meso-scale eddies in the Persian Gulf using satellite images, The 13th Iranian Geophysical Conference (In Persian)
Kumar, P. S., Muraleedharan, P., Prasad T. G., Gauns, M., Ramaiah, N., De Souza, S.N. and Sardesai, S. and Madhupratap, M. 2002. Why is the Bay of Bengal less productive during summer monsoon compared to the Arabian sea, Geophysical Research Letters, 2002, 29(24), 88.1-88.4. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016013
Frenger I, Gruber N, Knutti R. and Münnich M. 2013: Imprint of Southern Ocean eddies on winds, clouds and rainfall. Nature Geoscience.. 6(8), 608-612.
Dandapat S, Chakraborty A. 2016: Mesoscale eddies in the Western Bay of Bengal as observed from satellite altimetry in 1993–2014: Statistical characteristics, variability and threedimensional properties. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 9(11), 5044-5054
Brach, L., Deixonneb, P., Bernardb, M., Durand, E., Desjeand, M., Pereza, E., Sebille, E. and Hallea, A., 2018. Anticyclonic eddies increase accumulation of microplastic in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 126, 191-196.
Moreno M., J., Hogg, A. M., Kiss, A. E., Constantinou, N. C., and Morrison, A. K. 2019. Kinetic energy of eddy‐like features from sea surface altimetry. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11, 3090-3105. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001769
Ding, M., Lin, P., Liu, H., Hu, A. and Liu, C. 2020. Lagrangian eddy kinetic energy of ocean mesoscale eddies and its application to the Northwestern Pacific, Scientificreports, 10:12791. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69503-z
Noori, R., Fuqiang, T., Ronny, B., Abbasi, M.R., VesaliNaseh, M.R., Modabberi, A., Soltani, A. and Klove, B. 2019. Recent and future trends in sea surface temperature across the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, PLOS ONE, E 14(2): e0212790. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212790
Mehrfar, H., Torabi Azad, M., Lari, K., and Bidokhti, A.A. 2020: A numerical simulation case study of the coastal currents and upwelling in the western Persian Gulf, Journal of Ocean Engineering and Sciences. 5(4). 323-332.
Faghmous, J., Frenger, I., Yao, Y., Warmka, R., Lindell, A., and Kumar, V. 2015. A daily global mesoscale ocean eddy dataset from satellite altimetry, Sci Data, 2:150028. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.28
Chelton, D.B., Schlax, M.G., and Samelson, R.M. 2011. Global observations of nonlinear meso-scale eddies, Progress in Oceanography, 91, 167-216.
Raeisi, A., Bidokhti, A. A., Nazemossadat, S. M. J., and Lari, K. 2020. Impact of mesoscale eddies on climate and environmental changes in the Persian Gulf, Research in Marine Sciences, 5 (4), 823-836.
Yao, F., and Johns, W. E. 2010. A HYCOM modeling study of the Persian Gulf: 1. Model configurations and surface circulation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 115(C11).
Ezam, M., Bidokhti, A.A. and Javid, A.H. 2010. Numerical simulations of spreading of the Persian Gulf outflow into the Oman Sea. Ocean Science, 6(4),.887-900.
Pous, S., Lazure, P. and Carton, X. 2015. A model of the general circulation in the Persian Gulf and in the Strait of Hormuz: Intraseasonal to interannual variability. Continental Shelf Research, 94, 55-70.
Thoppil, P.G. and Hogan, P.J. 2010. A modeling study of circulation and eddies in the Persian Gulf. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 40(9), 2122-2134.
Thoppil, P.G. and Hogan, P.J. 2010. Persian Gulf response to a wintertime shamal wind event. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 57(8), 946-955.
Mehrfar, H. Torabi Azad, T. M. Lari, K. and Bidokhti, A.A., 2020. Seasonal Variations of the Coastal Currents and Eddies in the Persian Gulf: A Numerical Case Study. Marine Technology Society Journal. 54(1). 44-52
Sabet Ahd, A., Raeisi, A., Torabi Azad, M. Mehrfar, H. 2018. Field Study of Changes in Geostrophic Currents in the Persian Gulf, Iranian journal of Marine Science and Technology. 22(87). 31-37 (In Persian)
Lian, Zh., Sun, B., Wei, Z., Wang, Y. and Wang, X. 2019. Comparison of Eight Detection Algorithms for the Quantification and Characterization of Mesoscale Eddies in the South China Sea, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 36, 1361-1380.
Vallis, G. K. 2005. Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge, UK: University Cambridge Press, 450-451.
Raeisi, A., Bidokhti, A. A., Nazemossadat, S. M. J., and Lari, K. 2020. The study of mesoscale eddies and their dispersive environmental impacts in the Persian Gulf. Chinese Physic B., 29(8): 084701. DOI:10.1088/1674-1056/ab96a3
Rahnemania, A, Bidokhti A. A., Ezam, M., Lari, K. and Ghader, S. 2019. A Numerical Study of the Frontal System between the Inflow and Outflow Waters in the Persian Gulf, Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics. 12(5), 1475-1486
Haj Rasouliha, O., Hasanzadeh, E. and Rezaei Latifi, A., 2013. The Role of Physical Processes in Ways of Oil Pollutions distribution in the Persian Gulf. Journal of Climate Research, 15, pp 93-106.
