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Open Access Article
1 - Short-term prediction of carbon monoxide gas concentration in the air of Ahvaz city using artificial neural network analysis
Maryam Kavosi سیما سبزعلی پور hossein fathianIntroduction: Air pollution in cities is one of the most critical environmental problems, representing a constant and severe threat to both the health and hygiene of society and the environment. The primary air pollutants include nitrogen oxides, with a particular empha MoreIntroduction: Air pollution in cities is one of the most critical environmental problems, representing a constant and severe threat to both the health and hygiene of society and the environment. The primary air pollutants include nitrogen oxides, with a particular emphasis on nitrogen dioxide, sulfur oxides, especially sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide, and suspended particles. Ahvaz, a metropolis in Iran, stands out as one of the most polluted cities. Effective environmental management, particularly in addressing air pollution, is of paramount importance. This research aims to predict the concentration of CO pollutants in Ahvaz city for the first seven days of 2015. Materials and Methods: Based on previous studies, meteorological variables including weather, air temperature and wind speed were selected as gas input titles in the network for gas prediction. CO gas was procured in 2014 through the Environmental Protection Organization of Ahvaz city. In order to develop the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network, Neuro Solution5 software was used to create the neural network, 70% of the data was used for training (validation), 15% for testing, and the remaining 15% for validating the results of the network. is used. was used. Results and Discussion: In order to determine the best MLP network structure for short-term prediction of CO gas concentration, different structures were considered in terms of the number of intermediate layers, the type of network training algorithm, the type of transfer function, the number of intermediate layer neurons and the number of repetitions (Epoch) of training. The results showed that the MLP network with a structure of 1-5-3 (that is, 3 input neurons, 5 neurons in the middle layer and one neuron for the output layer) with 1500 repetitions of training per Tansig transfer function (Tansant Sigmoid) and Traingdm training algorithm (reduction gradient with momentum), is the best MLP network. In addition, the values of NSE, RMSE and MAE statistical indices for the network training stage are equal to 0.72, 0.22 and 0.15 respectively. Conclusion: Air pollution, the primary environmental challenge in Ahvaz, arises from the intersection of traffic and the oil industry. Its impacts on health and the environment necessitate comprehensive investigation. In this study, an MLP network was employed to predict CO gas concentration values in the air of Ahvaz city. The findings demonstrate that the network's accuracy and performance in forecasting CO gas concentration are at an optimal level. As this research progresses, it is recommended to extend the prediction to other gaseous pollutants and to employ optimization algorithms for determining the optimal structure of the artificial neural network Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Designing a model of key factors of sustainable value creation in the supply chains of Iran's oil and gas industry
Firooz Khodaei Houshang Taghizadeh Majid BagherzadehThe purpose of this study is to design a model of key factors of sustainable value creation in the supply chains of Iran's oil and gas industry. This research is fundamental and in terms of method, it is combined (qualitative and quantitative). First, with a three-stage MoreThe purpose of this study is to design a model of key factors of sustainable value creation in the supply chains of Iran's oil and gas industry. This research is fundamental and in terms of method, it is combined (qualitative and quantitative). First, with a three-stage systematic review of the scientific documents, the content model was extracted from the mentioned documents with the qualitative approach of analyzing the content. Based on this, first by searching the reliable scientific databases, 1103 documents were identified, which were reduced to 62 documents during three times of screening based on the relevance of the title, abstract and full text review with a systematic review approach and considered as a qualitative sample. became The findings of the thematic content analysis were extracted after validity and reliability in 9 major themes and 50 sub-themes from among 850 observation items in the form of open codes and in several stages of review. In the quantitative part, the model of subjects obtained in the previous step has been organized in the form of a questionnaire and distributed among the specialists active in the field of oil and gas industry after checking the validity and reliability. After collecting the data, the qualitative model was evaluated and confirmed with the statistical approach of confirmatory factor analysis. The dimensions of the mentioned model are: quality of leadership, infrastructural, structural and organizational capabilities, evaluation and feedback, quality of communication, quality of resources, facilitators of knowledge management, awareness and social support. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Economic assessment and Policies on controlling air pollution due to Transportation: Case study of Tehran
J. Pejoyan A. moghiminiaThe air pollution which is at present on of the most important problems in the city of Tehran, as anexternality, imposes costs and expenses on the economy of the country. These costs which are sometimesunaccountable while add to the environmental issues in the long &nda MoreThe air pollution which is at present on of the most important problems in the city of Tehran, as anexternality, imposes costs and expenses on the economy of the country. These costs which are sometimesunaccountable while add to the environmental issues in the long – run and aggravate the circumstances inaccessing to sustainable development. So, by controlling and reducing the air pollution the necessarygrounds for creating appropriate and suitable conditions for growth and development should be prepared.Controlling the air pollution can be assessed in two directions (pivotal stages).First, posing rules and controls by the policymakers and second, setting environmental taxes. Using theestimations by the model which analysis the air pollution resulted from transportation in Tehran, weconclude that the distance demand is a less elastic factor (good) which is due to the low price of gas inTehran. The findings of the estimations after setting (posing) environmental taxes (taxes on the price of gasand distance plus taxes on vehicles) also, indicate that considering the less elasticity of the driven distancedemand, setting these types of taxes is merely useful for the income purposes of the government, while,pigovian purposes, that is, reducing the air pollution through reducing demand by consumers Will not besatisfactory via posing these types of taxes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Stochastic programming model for gas resources allocation in Iran with emphasis on energy security cost approach.
Reza Alikhani Adel Azar Alireza Rashidi KomijanThe purpose of this paper is to present a model for gas allocation to different sub-sectors inIran by means of Non-Linear Programming method. Stochastic programming approach isapplied to obtain the optimal system configuration meeting the gas demand in different subsect MoreThe purpose of this paper is to present a model for gas allocation to different sub-sectors inIran by means of Non-Linear Programming method. Stochastic programming approach isapplied to obtain the optimal system configuration meeting the gas demand in different subsectorsbased on available gas produced. The model considers possible threats would occur innatural gas supply. The solutions provide gas allocation to different sub-sectors at macro leveltaking the possible threats in to consideration. Research results show the significant percentageshare of gas should be assigned to residential-commercial, power plants, industries, natural gasinjection, exportation, petrochemical, rich gas injection, transportation and agriculturerespectively. The novelty of this work is its ability to quantitate possible threats using stochasticprogramming approach in order to provide more holistic point of view on energy securityfactors impacting gas allocation in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Chemical and pharmaceutical waste disposal with thermal plasma pyrolysis-melting
Shahrooz Saviz Davoud Dorranian Amir Hossein Sari -
Open Access Article
6 - Gas plasma for cancer treatment: Current insight and future trends
Milad Rasouli Mahmood Ghoranneviss -
Open Access Article
7 - Influence of argon gas flow on mechanical and electrical properties of sputtered titanium nitride thin films
Kaykhosrow Khojier Hadi Savaloni Ebrahim Shokrai Zohreh Dehghani Naser Zare Dehnavi -
Open Access Article
8 - Influence of the hot filament on the electrical breakdown characteristics in the presence of Ar/N2
Arian Fateh Borkhari Kiomars Yasserian -
Open Access Article
9 - Evolutionary behavior of weak shocks in a non-ideal gas
Rajan Arora Mohd Junaid Siddiqui -
Open Access Article
10 - Propagation of magnetogasdynamic shock waves in a self-gravitating gas with exponentially varying density
Gorakh Nath Jagdamba Prasad Vishwakarma Vinod Kumar Srivastava Aswani Kumar Sinha -
Open Access Article
11 - An analytic algorithm of Lane-Emden-type equations arising in astrophysics - a hybrid approach
Vipul K Baranwal Ram K Pandey Manoj P Tripathi Om P Singh -
Open Access Article
12 - Unsteady isothermal flow behind a magnetogasdynamic shock wave in a self-gravitating gas with exponentially varying density
G. Nath -
Open Access Article
13 - Influence of ion-neutral collision parameters on dynamic structure of magnetized sheath during plasma immersion ion implantation
Mansour Khoram Hamid Ghomi -
Open Access Article
14 - Fabrication and characterization of PSi/nanometal hybrid structures by laser for CO gas sensor
Amer Badr Dheyab Safaa Idan Mohammed Marwa Kamal Mustafa Rasha Saad Fayadh Noor Luay Hussein -
Open Access Article
15 - Investigation of ZnO thin-film sensing properties for CO2 detection: effect of Mn doping
Boshra Ghanbari Shohany Leili Motevalizadeh Majid Ebrahimizadeh Abrishami -
Open Access Article
16 - A pulsed plasma jet with the various Ar/N2 mixtures
A. Barkhordari A. Ganjovi I. Mirzaei A. Falahat M. N. Rostami Ravari -
Open Access Article
17 - DFT study of hydrogen fluoride and sulfur trioxide interactions on the surface of Pt-decorated graphene
Ali Shokuhi Rad -
Open Access Article
18 - Effects of different gas flow rates and non-perpendicular incidence angles of argon cold atmospheric-pressure plasma jet on silver thin film treatment
Maryam Hosseinpour Akbar Zendehnam Seyedeh Mehri Hamidi Sangdehi Hamidreza Ghomi Marzdashti -
Open Access Article
19 - Industrial application of apodized gas sensor for on-line and in situ measurement of CO and CO2 concentration
Seyedali Hosseinzadeh Salati Alireza Khorsandi Saeed Ghavami Sabouri -
Open Access Article
20 - An Analysis of the Impact of Leadership Styles on Succession Management (The Case of Fajr Jam Gas Refinery Company)
seyed mohamad amin ahmadi ali chitsazContext and Objectives: Leadership style of managers is an effective factor in shaping the future of human capital in the organization.The purpose of this research is to "analyze the impact of leadership styles on succession management". Method: The statistical populati MoreContext and Objectives: Leadership style of managers is an effective factor in shaping the future of human capital in the organization.The purpose of this research is to "analyze the impact of leadership styles on succession management". Method: The statistical population consisted of employees, experts and managers of F.J.Co. Their number is 2452 persons in 1395, of which 205 samples were used in this research. This research is in terms of the purpose of applied research, and in terms of its nature and method, it is a type of field research descriptive research. Data analysis was performed using spss software and descriptive and inferential statistics were also performed by amos software. Findings: According to the results, it was found that leadership styles have an impact on succession management, and its coefficient of influence is 0.84. Also, among the studied styles, participatory leadership style has more influence on succession management (0.66) than other styles. The directorial style is 0.32, supportive leadership style is 0.38, and tacit leadership style has an impact coefficient of 0.36 on succession management. Conclusion: Managers of F.J.Co can use collaborative leadership style, if they consider the management and successor programs, considering the facilities and availability of the conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Design Policy Template for Reforming and Improving the Administrative System (Case Study: National Iranian Gas Company)
Javad Fadaei masoud POur KianiPurpose: The purpose of this study was to provide a model for improvement and improvement of the administrative system in the National Gas Company using the mixed method (qualitative and quantitative). Methods: In the qualitative section, the data model of the foundatio MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to provide a model for improvement and improvement of the administrative system in the National Gas Company using the mixed method (qualitative and quantitative). Methods: In the qualitative section, the data model of the foundation was used. In this section, the data model of the research foundation was conducted by interviewing 15 staff experts in the National Gas Company with Delphi method, axial and selective coding. In the quantitative part, using the modeling of structural equations in the male environment, Liserl and Amos, examine the proposed model and the hypotheses presented in the qualitative stage. The statistical population of the research in the small part consists of all administrators in 31 provincial gas companies along with the central headquarters. In this section, Morgan table was used to determine the sample. Results: The results show that the causal factors (structural and organizational domain, productivity area, human capital area, managerial field and legal and political system) affect the policy of improving and improving the administrative system in the National Iranian Gas Company. Also, the underlying factors (social and cultural flows, economic and technological flows, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Presenting the Organizational Architecture Model and its Effect on the Maturity of Human Resources Capabilities of Bushehr Gas Company
laila ghasemi hadi rezghi shirsavar maryam mosleh azita joubariBackground: In the third millennium, organizational architecture and the maturity of human resource capabilities emerged as a new and controversial category. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze and present an appropriate model of organizational architectu MoreBackground: In the third millennium, organizational architecture and the maturity of human resource capabilities emerged as a new and controversial category. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze and present an appropriate model of organizational architecture and its impact on the maturity of human resource capabilities of Bushehr Gas Company. Method: The research method was exploratory. In the qualitative part, exploratory factor analysis method and in the quantitative part, structural equations were used. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 12 university experts who were selected by purposive method. In a small part of the statistical population, 300 employees of Bushehr Gas Company were selected. According to Morgan table, 169 people were selected by simple random sampling. Data were extracted in the qualitative part from the exploratory factor analysis method and in the quantitative part from the structural equation method. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed through heuristic factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. Results: Organizational architecture with 4 dimensions and 20 indicators and organizational maturity with 4 dimensions and 60 indicators were identified. Organizational architecture with four dimensions (business, information, applications and technology) with a coefficient of 0.52 affects the maturity of human resource capabilities with four dimensions (managed, defined, predicted and optimized) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Ranking the Components of Intrapreneurship in the Drilling Industry using the ANP Method
Siross Tahmasebi zadeh Afasneh Zamanimoghadam Manijeh HaghighinasabPaying attention to the cultural, economic and social effects of entrepreneurship will determine the role of academics and innovators in the development of society, and entrepreneurship experts will respond to the various needs of society. This research was conducted wi MorePaying attention to the cultural, economic and social effects of entrepreneurship will determine the role of academics and innovators in the development of society, and entrepreneurship experts will respond to the various needs of society. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying and ranking the dimensions and components of intrapreneurship in the oil and gas drilling industry, the study of North Drilling Company. The current research was conducted by a mixed research method (qualitative and quantitative). To collect data in the qualitative section, 12 university experts in the field of entrepreneurship were interviewed. In the qualitative part, the dimensions and components of intrapreneurship in the industry were identified through interviews and content analysis methods, and then in the quantitative part, the necessary data were collected by ANP paired comparison questionnaires. In this section, standard ANP questionnaires were given to 14 knowledgeable people (experts) of the company, including senior and middle managers of North Drilling Company, and the necessary data for this section were collected. Based on the results of the qualitative section, 5 dimensions, 14 main components and 119 sub-components were identified for intrapreneurship in the industry. The results of ANP also showed that the management dimension is the most important among other dimensions of intrapreneurship. Also, in the internal relations of the sub-criteria, technology in production, human resources management and internal and external policies have the first to third ranks respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Evaluating Necessity of Urban Planning Undergraduate Education in Iran
Hossein Bahrainy Elham Fallah ManshadiWhile there are crucial debates about urban planning education - whether to have both undergraduate and graduate levels, or only graduate level education, 70 percent of urban planning students in Iran studied in undergraduate level. There are different ideas in this iss MoreWhile there are crucial debates about urban planning education - whether to have both undergraduate and graduate levels, or only graduate level education, 70 percent of urban planning students in Iran studied in undergraduate level. There are different ideas in this issue. Some believe that urban planning education should be presented just at the graduate level. Some, on the other hand, while accept the interrelationship of urban planning decision-making on other disciplines, but emphasize on the abilities of the planner with undergraduate education and also the possibility of getting into urban planning field at the age of 18-19. Some experts focus on the importance of urban planning at the undergraduate level since 1991 and believe that undergraduate education of urban planning become so important because of financial problems. Main question in this paper is: “could there be and any justification for the undergraduate education in urban planning in Iran, or not”? Questioners and interview methods were used to collect the required information. A total of 187 questionnaires were filled by planning directors and instructors, lectures and graduates of eleven universities throughout the country. In addition 12 depth interview has been done by famous planners in Iran. We asked them about the necessity of undergraduate level of urban planning and role of this level graduates in society. The study results show 87.2 percent of respondents think that undergraduate education is necessary in urban planning in Iran. The result of the interviews also shows the same idea. They noted to some reasons like independent identity for urban planning, society need, expanding urban challenges and lack of professional people and experts, infusion of holistic view from 18 years old, good effects of graduates, short time for familiarity with urban issues in gradate level (2 year), introduction for choosing future branch, preparing urban experts of governance and other organizations. People who were against undergraduate level stated some reasons like interdisciplinary identity of urban planning, unmeaning less subjects and contents, overlapping between undergraduate and graduate lessons. Based on this research undergraduate level is necessary for urban planning in Iran because of professional and academic reasons. It is expected that urban planners with Bachelor degree more deal with urban topics with smaller scale and less complexity (such as the comprehensive plan of rural and small towns) and participation in gathering data and describing the status quo in the urban development plan for different scale. The key point is revising in educational content in graduate level and focusing on make it more proficiency and analytical. The remarkable thing is increasing in the number of undergraduate students in urban planning especially in some kind of universities like Azad, Payamenoor and nonprofit University. Because of the weakness of the ratio of the number of students to lecture in this kind of university, the subject would be a serious problem in urban planning. In addition, this increasing is not based on the market demand and it could lead to a lot of problems for graduates of Bachelor's in urban development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Energy Optimization of Double Glazed Window Parameters in Hot and Arid Climate (Case Study: the Southern Front of an Office Building in Tehran)
Peiman Pilechiha mohsen bayat Maryam Ghasemi NasabApproximately 32% of the world's energy is consumed in buildings. Among the various solutions to reduce this consumption, the selection of appropriate types of windows in the shell of buildings can play a vital role in their energy efficiency. With population growth and MoreApproximately 32% of the world's energy is consumed in buildings. Among the various solutions to reduce this consumption, the selection of appropriate types of windows in the shell of buildings can play a vital role in their energy efficiency. With population growth and industry development, preventing energy waste and saving it has become one of the most important concerns of countries around the world. The city of Tehran is one of the most consumed cities in Iran due to its large size and population. Therefore, it is important to pay more attention to the construction method in this city. Among the building envelopes, the south envelope forms at least half of the main walls of the buildings due to continuous sunlight. Because of the continuous solar radiation to the southern envelope, in this study, the effect of different parameters of the double glazed window, such as the type of glass, as well as the filling gas between the double glazed windows with four different air distances has been investigated. Given that a significant part of energy consumption in office buildings is related to lighting, heating, and cooling space, it is important to choose the right type of window in reducing energy consumption. In this research, the findings and their analysis are deductive, which is presented in the form of a diagram. In the simulation of this research, double glazed windows with clear glass and an air gap of 3 mm filled with air have been selected, which is one of the most common and commonly used windows in Tehran. This window on the southern envelope is assumed to be the best and most common envelope for providing light and placing the window in the climate of Iran and Tehran. Then selected efficient components were applied as project variables in the simulation. The simulation model of this research was drawn in SketchUp software and entered into the Energy Plus engine in Open Studio software. Simulation and study of energy consumption of the research model have been done with Open Studio by Energy Plus Engine. Findings show that the use of reflective glass with xenon gas and an air gap of eight millimeters provides maximum energy savings of 14.99% compared to the reference model for the southern front. The results show that the choice of absorbent and low-emission glass is not a great choice for Tehran even in the best conditions, because compared to the reference model, they increase energy consumption by 0.53% and 3.79%, respectively. Therefore, the best window position in the south direction is related to the double glazed window with reflex glass, which has an air gap filled with xenon gas and has a 15% reduction in energy consumption compared to the reference window. This window has the most optimal energy efficiency and offers the use of this window for the city of Tehran. This study suggests the use of this type of window for the city of Tehran, especially office buildings that have a large amount of energy in the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Evaluating Built Area and Occupant Number Impact on Winter Gas Consumption A Case in Shiraz Urban Residence Sector
Zahra Barzegar Nooshin Karimi Mohammad Ali Nemati -
Open Access Article
27 - Laying hens’ diet modification with flaxseed and fish oils to enrich egg yolks with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D3
Reza Kazempoor Arman Ghorbanzadeh Mohsen Mokhtarian Saeed Rasoulinezhad -
Open Access Article
28 - Production and characterization of dairy dessert enrichment with Sargassum angustifolium algae
Bahar Sarlak Marjaneh Sedaghati Nargess Mooraki -
Open Access Article
29 - Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Conditions for Pigment Compounds of the Brown Algae Sargassum angustifolium Using Response Surface Methodology
Niloofar Aghajanpoor Sourkohi Aria BabakhaniIn this study, the extraction of S. angustifolium brown alga pigments was investigated by ultrasound to identify process variables and optimize the extraction conditions. Experimental design using central composite design (CCD) with four independent variables including MoreIn this study, the extraction of S. angustifolium brown alga pigments was investigated by ultrasound to identify process variables and optimize the extraction conditions. Experimental design using central composite design (CCD) with four independent variables including the percentage of ethanol concentration (at three levels of 50, 75 and 100%), extraction time (at three levels of 10, 20 and 30 minutes), solid-liquid ratio (at three levels 1: 5, 1:10 and 1:15) and the power of ultrasound (at three levels 80, 240 and 400 watts) was performed for the responses of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, total carotenoids and fucoxanthin. The results showed that the highest amount of total fucoxanthin and carotenoids was obtained in 75% ethanol, duration 20 minutes, solid-liquid ratio 1:5 and ultrasonic power of 240 watts. In the mentioned optimal conditions, fucoxanthin and total carotenoids were 0.42 and 1.11 mg/g, respectively. The values obtained in the experiment have a logical relationship with the values predicted by the software, which indicates the appropriateness of the models used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Effect of Bunium persicum on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Inflammatory Mediators in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients
Behnood Abbasi Mahdis Daniali Hedieh Ramezani Masumeh Derakhshande Reza Ghiasvand -
Open Access Article
31 - Analyzing the American laws and regulations regarding privatizing and providing Access for third party to Oil and Gas Pipelines and Facilities in the USA
Atefe Ghasemi Mehdi Piri Alireza HasaniIn the mid of 19th century, the oil and gas industry has been known as one the most profitable industries in the United States of America. Besides the economic importance, the other most important topic that must be considered and analyzed is the transportation of oil a MoreIn the mid of 19th century, the oil and gas industry has been known as one the most profitable industries in the United States of America. Besides the economic importance, the other most important topic that must be considered and analyzed is the transportation of oil and gas products through pipelines and other transportation methods, creating access for third parties, how to keep this market and industry competitive and how to protect the environment against oil and gas pollution. This article has analyzed the most important laws and regulation enacted by the Congress and other outstanding governmental regulatory agencies and foundations regarding privatizing and creating access for third parties to the pipelines and has concluded that the base and philosophy of these regulation is to require the governments of states and system operators of private sectors to provide non-discriminative with reasonable tariffs for the demanders in this industry and market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Mazandaran Sea in the Arena of the World Policy, Juridical Regime, National Interest, and General Security
Mir Tayyeb i Mousav“The Caspian Sea”, as it is called “Darya-ye Khazar” (meaning “Khazar sea”) or “ DaryayeMazandaran” (“Mazandaran Sea”) in Iran, and “Bahr Al-Qazvin” which means “QazvinSea” on Arab maps, More“The Caspian Sea”, as it is called “Darya-ye Khazar” (meaning “Khazar sea”) or “ DaryayeMazandaran” (“Mazandaran Sea”) in Iran, and “Bahr Al-Qazvin” which means “QazvinSea” on Arab maps, is the largest inland body of water in the world. However, either “KhazarSea” or “Mazandaran Sea”, is a questionable matter which needs to be explicated. Asecond issue raised is that according to the rules principles of the International Law, is itclassed as a lake or a full-fledged sea? How has it been exploited in the time before andafter the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1917 and why after in the time before and afterthe dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1917 and why after the collapse of the former USSR,the geo-politic status of the region calls the attention of the World Policy? How importantare natural resources of sea food, quality of shipping cargos and seaports conditions to thecoastal communities? Moreover, the quantity of oil and gas resources under the sea bed,underwater spots rich in natural resources and efficient allocation of fossil fuel among thecountries bounded the sea are the world’s important issues together with Juridical Regime,Methods of shipping resources to the port and international markets are important strategicelements for the countries enclosed the sea as well as regional effective and the world’ssuperpowers. However, the debates have been encompassing a vast range of subjects inthe past two decades include the strategies of Iran, Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan andTurkmenistan about allocation of sea bed resources and juridical regime and the role ofthe federation of Russia and Turkey and the strategy of European Union and the U.S.A inplanning the pipe routes, piping and transferring oil and gas convoys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Estimation of tail Risk measures in Tehran Stock Exchange Using Generalized Multi-Dimensional Autoregressive Ranking Approach (DMS-GAS)
Seyed Ali Mousavi Sarhadi Hosein Izadi mojghan safa Mohammadreza pour FakharanThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the tail risk measures (VaR and ES) in Tehran Stock Exchange using the dynamic multi-scale generalized autoregressive ranking approach (DMS- GAS-1F). In this regard, using the daily data of the total index of Tehran Stock MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the tail risk measures (VaR and ES) in Tehran Stock Exchange using the dynamic multi-scale generalized autoregressive ranking approach (DMS- GAS-1F). In this regard, using the daily data of the total index of Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2011/03/26 - 2022/03/19 and the maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT)algorithm, the short-run, medium-run and Long-run components of time series returns are extracted. Then, using the approach of generalized autoregressive ranking models (GAS), the tail risk measures at different time horizons are dynamically estimated and finally using the inverted wavelet transform, the final results of estimating the risk criteria based on the proposed model (DMS- GAS-1F) is provided. The results of backtests show that the proposed model has performed better in out-of-sample forecasting of tail risk measures than competing and traditional models in this field, including GARCH models and rolling window models. In addition, the results show that the use of the Maximum Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform (MODWT) algorithm to extract information components at different time horizons has increased the predictive efficiency of the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Modeling and Forecasting Distribution of Return on the Tehran Stock Exchange Index and Bitcoin with the GAS Time Variable Method
Mohammad Ebrahim Samavi hashem nikoomaram Mahdi Madanchi Zaj Ahmad YaghobnezahdPredicting returns with the least error is one of the most important issues in financial markets that has been considered by many researchers in recent decades .Traditional linear and nonlinear models due to the inefficiency of linear models in market turbulence, the la MorePredicting returns with the least error is one of the most important issues in financial markets that has been considered by many researchers in recent decades .Traditional linear and nonlinear models due to the inefficiency of linear models in market turbulence, the lack of correct extraction of the conditional distribution form of data due to the failure to record the conditional distribution dynamics in nonlinear models and the existence of limiting assumptions, it lacks the ability to predict returns in different market conditions. In order to eliminate the disadvantages of traditional models, in the present study using a new time-variable method called generalized autoregressive score (GAS) in order to predict the distribution of return of the total index of the stock exchange during the period 2010 to 2020 and for Bitcoin during the period 2014 to 2020. The results of modeling for the two assets by the new GAS model are compared with the results of the GARCH and AR models and their performance is tested for inside and outside the sample. The results show that in order to predict the daily return, the overall index of the new GAS model has a better performance and in order to predict the daily return of bitcoin, the GARCH model has been preferred. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Forecasting the Price of Natural Gas Using Developed Methods Based on Grays and Fractals
Saeed Emami Koupaee Shiva Zamani A. Reza Heidarzadeh Hanzaee M. Reza ShahnazariThe importance of predicting the price of energy carriers for the development of the economy and industry today is not overlooked. Meanwhile, predicting natural gas prices as one of the most important carriers of energy and an important role in providing clean energy ca MoreThe importance of predicting the price of energy carriers for the development of the economy and industry today is not overlooked. Meanwhile, predicting natural gas prices as one of the most important carriers of energy and an important role in providing clean energy can be considered as an important tool in industrial development decision making. In this paper, we have investigated the nonlinear behavior of natural gas prices in a multi-year period, as well we have introduced methods for the development and synthesis of fractalization (FDGM) has been used to predict the price of natural gas. The results of the price forecast based on the introduced methods, Indicates the effectiveness of these methods. At the same time, given the fractal nature of the price of natural gas in the period under review, the results show that the forecast error using the FDGM method is always below 7%. And very good results were obtained using combination fractional and fractional methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Estimation of Natural Gas Demand Function in Residential and Commercial Sectors in Iran: a Nonlinear Approach
علیرضا حاج ملاعلی کنی مجید عباسپور زهرا عابدیThis paper attempts to model the demand function for natural gas in residential and commercial sectors in Iran using econometric approach of smooth transition regression in a continuous and nonlinear manner. To this end, the annual data of natural gas real price and ele MoreThis paper attempts to model the demand function for natural gas in residential and commercial sectors in Iran using econometric approach of smooth transition regression in a continuous and nonlinear manner. To this end, the annual data of natural gas real price and electricity real price in residential and commercial sectors, revenue, the number of natural gas consumers and mean temperature for the period 1972 to 2009 have been utilized as the impact factors of natural gas demand in residential and commercial sectors. The results indicate that natural gas demand follows a two-regime pattern of LSTR1 considering the real price of natural gas in residential and commercial sectors as the transition variable. The LSTR1 model estimated the regime switching point, or the threshold extreme, to be at 60.95 Rials-Cubic Meter of real price of natural gas, and determined the slope parameter to be 27.6. Variables such as revenue, real price of gas, and the number of consumers affect the natural gas consumption positively in residential and commercial sectors and their effectiveness increase as the threshold extreme is passed. Natural gas demand. On the other hand, it maintains an inverse relation with the real price of natural gas whose effectiveness increases with entry into the second regime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Strategic Model of Branding of Research Services of Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries
mohammad vasheghani farahani manochehr niknam Nader Qaribnavaz Hormoz MehraniPurpose: The main purpose of this study was to design a strategic branding model for research services in the oil, gas and petrochemical industries in Iran. Methodology: According to the research process, this study is fundamental in terms of orientation, qualitative i MorePurpose: The main purpose of this study was to design a strategic branding model for research services in the oil, gas and petrochemical industries in Iran. Methodology: According to the research process, this study is fundamental in terms of orientation, qualitative in terms of research, field and library in terms of research purpose, and more in terms of exploration and understanding of concepts. The grounded theory method aims to extract concepts and patterns from the background data that was done using documents, interviews and observations. It was a snowball sampling method with up to 15 experts. Theoretical saturation was interviewed. To collect data, two sections of documentary studies and semi-structured interviews were used. The data collection process was done by visual and audio interviews and then the text of the interviews was transcribed on paper and analyzed. In this research, to assess the validity of the interview, the opinions of the supervisor, marketing experts and the opinions of two professors in the field of management and marketing have been used. Findings: The results of the analysis of the interviews showed that the major categories of marketing information system were physical environment, product / service deliverables, marketing intelligence, organizational technology, personnel and manpower. , Gas and petrochemical, based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin (1998) the sum of the categories extracted from raw data, in the form of causal conditions (structural stability of the company and marketing intelligence), strategy (marketing information system), context (Physical environment), intervening conditions (manager quality, quality of colleagues, organizational factors) and consequences (branding of research services of oil, gas and petrochemical industries) were categorized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Scientific Mapping and Analysis of Keywords "Gasification in Marketing" Using the Scientometric Method and Social Network Analysis
Farid Mehrnia Elahe Rostami arooshaki MAMA Kermani Mehrdad MaghsudiBy creating a bridge between gasification and marketing, gasification has emerged as a new tool to improve business processes in organizations and its applications have increased. On the other hand, research collaborations in this field have grown significantly in the p MoreBy creating a bridge between gasification and marketing, gasification has emerged as a new tool to improve business processes in organizations and its applications have increased. On the other hand, research collaborations in this field have grown significantly in the past years and this trend is expected to continue. As scientists from different scientific fields come together to tackle global challenges, their networks become more complex and require more complex analysis and solutions. In this research, we are trying to conduct a structured review based on a model consisting of scientific methods and social network analysis, with the help of which, without the slightest application of personal opinion, the best articles, keywords, researchers, journals, institutions and countries active in this field according to several indicators identify in order to use these results to apply the best methods and findings of gasification in marketing as well as targeting future researches in this growing field. In order to investigate scientific cooperation in this field, social network analysis was used to analyze networks and their applications, and scientometrics was used to find the best articles, keywords, authors, institutions, and countries, and the publication process of articles during different years in the two fields mentioned, and the invisible network was also used. The authorship created between scientists of different countries and educational/commercial institutions in the field of gasification in marketing has been examined, in other words, it can be said that in this research, an attempt has been made to present a comprehensive plan of the field of gasification in marketing with scientific mapping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - An Investigation of Iran’s National Gas Company Advertisements’ Effectiveness in Optimizing Consumption
A. A. Farhangi M. Firooziyan A. MoosavianNowadays, advertisements as marketing tools try to create a logical relationship between customers’ needs and corporations’ goals. Therefore, the coordination between demand and supply is one of the most important functions of advertisements.& MoreNowadays, advertisements as marketing tools try to create a logical relationship between customers’ needs and corporations’ goals. Therefore, the coordination between demand and supply is one of the most important functions of advertisements. Iran’s national gas company has tried to form the right consumption behavior among consumers through creating an appropriate culture. One of the goals of Iran’s national gas company is to optimize consumption; therefore, it has used television advertisements widely. How much it has fulfilled its goals is the main subject of this article. In this study, we have tried to investigate the overall effectiveness of these programs, and the success of each advertisement presented through winter of 2008 through one advertisement’s effectiveness model. To do this, we chose the research sample among house gas consumers in Tehran and gathered the data through questionnaires. The findings show that although some TV advertisements succeeded, they have not changed the consumption models as desired. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Mathematical model for performance based budgeting by productivity approach (Case study: Gas refineries in Iran)
Nouraldin Kalantari Rahmatolah Mohammadipour Masoud Seidi Ardashir Shiri Masoud AzizkhaniThe performance-based budgeting (PBB) allocates budget to outcomes. This research, with the introduction of productivity as an alternative to the outcomes, presents a mathematical model for performance-based budgeting in order to allocate budget to productivity criteria MoreThe performance-based budgeting (PBB) allocates budget to outcomes. This research, with the introduction of productivity as an alternative to the outcomes, presents a mathematical model for performance-based budgeting in order to allocate budget to productivity criteria. New trends in budgeting are process-oriented, so the productivity is suitable for PBB. This research presents a mathematical model for PBB. The model has been designed by Chebyshev's goal programming technique. Data for calculating productivity indicators were collected from gas refineries of Iran in 2011–2015 and analyzed by Excel and GAMS software. Then, the model was tested for determining the 2016 budget of those refineries. The model was solved by LINGO software by linking it to Excel. The solution of the model reduced 1.47% of the total refinery's budget compared with the actual budgets for 2016. The results of this study showed that the presented model provides significant improvement in the level of achievement of goals and the objective function. Saving costs and collecting funds from low-productivity units and directing them to high productivity is a strategic and important policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Biogas Technology, Applications, Perspectives and Implications
Sh. Shokri -
Open Access Article
42 - The Designing a model to evaulate the impact of oil and gas industry development on the dimensions of public culture (Case study: Assaluyeh)
mehdi pourali Seyed Jamaluddin Tabibi Ali Akbar RezaieThe development of oil and gas industries in the Pars Special Economic Zone, Assaluyeh city will experience double exposure to industrial developments. The development of the oil and gas industry in these areas has provided the basis for the transition from a traditiona MoreThe development of oil and gas industries in the Pars Special Economic Zone, Assaluyeh city will experience double exposure to industrial developments. The development of the oil and gas industry in these areas has provided the basis for the transition from a traditional society to an industrial and urban society, and in the process of transition, has left extensive changes in the cultural dimension. The main objective of this research is to design a model to evaluate the impact of oil-gas industry development on the dimensions of public culture in Assaluyeh zone. To measure and determine the importance and validity of each indicator, the proposed model was provided to experts. The proposed model with high validity (92/8) was approved by experts. In analyzing the data of this applied research, descriptive and inferential statistical methods have been used. The results showed that the mean of cultural values variable has a significant difference with the hypothetical or expected mean (Sig < 0.05).In other words, according to the statistical community, the development of the oil and gas industry has weakened cultural values. Also, the mean of family culture variable and material elements of culture have a significant difference with the hypothetical or expected mean (Sig < 0.05). As a result, due to the fusion of industry and tradition, a kind of cultural rupture and conflict was observed. The development of the oil and gas industry has caused extensive changes in cultural values, family culture and material elements in the Assaluyeh region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The Possibility of Selective Adsorption and Sensing of the Noble Gaseous Species by the C20 Fullerene, the Graphene Sheets, and the N4B4 Cluster
Parvaneh Pakravan -
Open Access Article
44 - Investigating the Performance of Membrane PEEK/PVA Modified with ZnO Nanoparticles in the Permeability and Selectivity of CO2/N2
Arezoo Ghadi Ahmad Bahreini Mojtaba Masoumi -
Open Access Article
45 - Electrocatalytic properties of platinum and it's binary alloy with vanadium in oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)
Mohammad Yari Sajjad Sedaghat Sherehjini -
Open Access Article
46 - Quantum mechanics investigation of acid dissociation constant of carboxylic acids in aqueous solution
M. Khaleghian Gh. R. Ghashami -
Open Access Article
47 - Adsorption of Carbon Monoxide on a (6, 6) Armchair Carbon Nanotube: Ab initio Study
F. Saremi H.H. Haeri A.H. Hasani N. Mansouri -
Open Access Article
48 - Estimation of second virial coefficients for rare gases in thermodynamic views
M. Baghernejad K. Zare -
Open Access Article
49 - Presentation of the Soft-Core Double Yukawa Potential for Noble Gasses using in sillico
Soheila Ghaderi Fariba Sadat Hashemi Ladan Mokhbersafa -
Open Access Article
50 - Identification of Erosion Severity Area with Study of Fargas Model (Case Study: Sangab Drainage Basin- Iran)
H. Ahmadi A. A MohammadiIn order to identify critical sediment sources in large catchments, using easilyavailable terrain information at regional scale, a methodology has developed to obtaina qualitative assessment necessary for environmental management. So it has been triedto study and used F MoreIn order to identify critical sediment sources in large catchments, using easilyavailable terrain information at regional scale, a methodology has developed to obtaina qualitative assessment necessary for environmental management. So it has been triedto study and used Fargas and etal, method in this research. This has been done in oneof the sub-basins of Hable Rood basin called Sangab with an area of 7684.71 hac inNE Iran, arid and semiarid climate of Iran. The main objective of this model is to usebasic terrain data related to the erosive processes that contribute to the production,transportation and accumulation of sediments through the main water paths in thewatershed. This model is based on the selection of homogeneous zones regardingdrainage density and lithology, achieved by joining the basic units by a rating system.The values of drainage density are rated according to an erosion class. The lithology israted by erosion indexes, adapted from FAO (1977). The combination andreclassification of the results brings about five qualitative classes of sediment riskaccording to Fargas and etal (1997). The privileges of this method is, it used only twomain factors of the erosion, that are lithology and drainage density, and this factors arein our geologic and topographic maps in Iran. The mapping scale was 1:50000 and themodel were implemented through a vector GIS (Arc GIS9.2). The tested methodologyhas been proved useful as an initial approach for erosion assessment and soilconservation planning at regional level and also to select priority areas where furtheranalyses can be developed and finally for environmental management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - TAPI1: Project Background and Challenges Ahead
Maryam Baei lashaki Ezatolah EzatiNatural gas, having less polluting effects on environment as well as easier accessibility and transferability, has been enjoying the highest demand growth among the fossil fuels for the last few years. The world's largest gas reserves are located in Persian Gulf and Cas MoreNatural gas, having less polluting effects on environment as well as easier accessibility and transferability, has been enjoying the highest demand growth among the fossil fuels for the last few years. The world's largest gas reserves are located in Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea regions and the countries of South and East Asia are considered the largest markets for the consumption of gas coming from the regions. There are alternate routes to transport the gas from Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. One of the options is the transport of natural gas from Turkmenistan through Afghanistan and Pakistan to India.This paper seeks to answer the question that "what are the Background, challenges and the obstacles of Turkmenistan-to-India Pipeline Project known as TAPI? The findings of the research show that there are many factors involved in the pipeline project implementation and there are also many challenges and problems within the project construction and transport processes. Such problems, if not solved properly, will surely interfere with the construction and transport processes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Finding Target by Using Value Efficiency (A Case Study of Human Resources Division in Parsian Gas Refinery Company)
M. Hemmat M.R. Mozaffary -
Open Access Article
53 - Effects of Folic acid on gastric injury induced by gastrotomy in rat
P. Khani A. Asghari A. Jahandideh P. MortazaviThe objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of folic acid to treat gastric ulcer resulted from gastrotomy in rats. In this study, 75 adult Wistar rats with a mean weight of 280 ± 20 were used. These rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 15 ones. MoreThe objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of folic acid to treat gastric ulcer resulted from gastrotomy in rats. In this study, 75 adult Wistar rats with a mean weight of 280 ± 20 were used. These rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 15 ones. All rats were treated by gastrotomy surgery. The first group of rats received omeprazole (20 mg / kg), the second, third and fourth group were treated by 2, 5 and 10 mg / kg of folic acid respectively per body weight on daily basis for 21 days, and ultimately, the fifth group received water. Five rats from each group were randomly anesthetized on 7th, 14th and 21st day after the surgery. After removal of the stomach, the ulcer site was first examined macroscopically and then the lesions of the histopathologic sections were taken. After staining of Hematoxylin-Eosin and chrome ventricle, gastric ulcer healing was examined through microscope. The results of histopathologic studies showed that the rats in the folic acid and omeprazole treatment group had significantly better pathological results (p <0.05) than the control group. Based on the obtained results, it seems that folic acid has appropriate and acceptable impacts on healing of gastrotomy in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Evaluation of probiotic effect of Lactobacillus Casei and Bacillus Coagulans on AGS and DU145 cancer cell line
سمانه Ansarinia علی SharifzadehProbiotics are a live microbial oral supplement and a range of different beneficial effects have been attributed to probiotics . Today, probiotics are recognized as a factor in preventing many infectious diseases and cancers. In this study, the effect of probioty lactob MoreProbiotics are a live microbial oral supplement and a range of different beneficial effects have been attributed to probiotics . Today, probiotics are recognized as a factor in preventing many infectious diseases and cancers. In this study, the effect of probioty lactobacillus casei and Bacillus coagulase on cancer cells (AGS, DU145) (gastric and prostate cancer cell line) was investigated. To do this, these two bacteria were cultured in Broth MRS medium and from 48, 24 and 72 hour cultures, sediment and supernatant were prepared. Supernatants were prepared in acidic and neutralized forms with 1N NaOH.. Concentrations of 100, 10 and 1000 μg / ml of extracts were also prepared separately on AGS and DU145 cancer cells cultured in 96-well microplate. The results showed that the concentrations of 1000 μg / ml of extract and 300 μl / ml of supernatant in 72 hours had inhibitory concentrations of more than 50%. The inhibitory effect of supernatants was directly related to time and concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Investigation of the frequency and clinical evaluation of co-infection of rotavirus with adenovirus and astrovirus
S.D Mousavi-Nasab, مصطفی Ghaderi فاطمه Zali Mardani, R Mardani هومن KaghazianViral gastroenteritis is one of the most common ailments in all age groups acrosdxdxs the globe, and more than 700 million cases of diarrhea occur in children under five years of age. Rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus and astrovirus are important causes of acute viral ga MoreViral gastroenteritis is one of the most common ailments in all age groups acrosdxdxs the globe, and more than 700 million cases of diarrhea occur in children under five years of age. Rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus and astrovirus are important causes of acute viral gastroenteritis. Co-infection studies have been conducted in Iran in the past, but these studies were limited and heterogeneous. The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of co-infection of rotavirus with astrovirus and adenovirus and to investigate clinical parameters such as fever, duration and severity of diarrhea in positive cases of co-infection. In this article, the co-infection of rotavirus with adenovirus and astrovirus among 28 rotavirus positive samples collected from children under five years of age with gastroenteritis was investigated by molecular method. The frequency of simultaneous rotavirus-adenovirus infection was two and rotavirus-astrovirus infection was observed in four children. In addition to this, the documentation available in the patients' files and its relationship with the objectives of the current study show that the positive results of simultaneous infection only increased the duration of diarrhea and did not cause other specific symptoms such as duration of fever and severity of diarrhea. In this study, the sample size was low, but according to the results, it can be said that the current study shows the importance of simultaneous diagnosis of viral diarrhea factors in order to predict the duration of diarrhea and the possibility of other clinical symptoms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Effect of Climate Change on SoilOrganic Matter and Biological Activity
Arash Mohammadzadeh Yaser AzimzadehClimate change phenomenon is one of the most important global challenges for mankind in providing sufficient and healthy food for the ever-increasing world population. The leading factors of climate change, such as increasing temperature, changing precipitation patterns MoreClimate change phenomenon is one of the most important global challenges for mankind in providing sufficient and healthy food for the ever-increasing world population. The leading factors of climate change, such as increasing temperature, changing precipitation patterns, and increasing the frequency and intensity of weather events, affect soil characteristics, especially in the ecosystems of arid and semi-arid regions. These changes can directly affect the growth and production of crops. The amount of soil organic matter is one of the most important indicators of soil quality and health, which affects many physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil and is directly and indirectly affected by climatic factors such as temperature and rainfall. On the other hand, the balance of input and output of organic carbon to the soil is effective on the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and thus on global warming and the climate change phenomenon. The results of many forecasts show that in arid and semi-arid regions, climate change will lead to an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall. Therefore, considering that the amount of organic matter in the soil decreases with the increase in temperature and decrease in humidity, it seems that the phenomenon of climate change will have adverse effects on the amount of soil organic matter and biological activity, and then on the production of crops in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, it is very important to use the necessary solutions to mitigate these adverse effects and adapt to the upcoming conditions. Mitigation refers to methods that lead to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide; But the goal of adaptation is to mitigate the inevitable effects of climate change. Based on the results of various publications, compliance with the principles of the conservation agriculture system is considered one of the most important mitigation and adaptation solutions in dealing with the consequences of climate change in arid and semi-arid regions. Due to the fact that the climate change phenomenon is an inevitable event and its adverse effects and consequences in human life are felt more and more intense day by day, it is necessary for the management of soil resources to have the necessary foresight regarding the results of this phenomenon on the quality of the soil and the potential of producing agricultural products, especially in Arid and semi-arid areas should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Effect of Climate Change on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Arid and Semi-Arid Soils
Arash Mohammadzadeh Yaser AzimzadehClimate change is one of the most significant global challenges threatening food security now, in the near and far future. This mainly occurs in the form of increasing temperature, change in rainfall pattern, and increase in extreme we MoreClimate change is one of the most significant global challenges threatening food security now, in the near and far future. This mainly occurs in the form of increasing temperature, change in rainfall pattern, and increase in extreme weather events. There are strong evidences demonstrating the vulnerability of agriculture sector in arid and semi-arid regions to climate change. This may directly impact on crops growth and production or indirectly impact on their environments. The ability of soil to produce a crop depends on its physical and chemical properties and these properties are directly and indirectly affected by climatic factors such as temperature and rainfall. Most predictions show that in arid and semi-arid regions, including many regions of Iran, climate change will lead to an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall. Therefore, considering the importance and role of temperature and humidity in physical and chemical quality indicators of soil and production stability, it seems that the phenomenon of climate change will have adverse effects on soil and then on crop production. Therefore, it is very important to use the necessary solutions to mitigate these adverse effects and adapt to the upcoming conditions. In this article, by reviewing and summarizing the research on the effects of climate change on the characteristics of arid and semi-arid soils, an attempt has been made to provide some kind of foresight of possible changes in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil due to climate change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The Effect of Irradiation on the Natural Volatile Compounds of Dried Mint and the Migration of Chemicals from the Packaging Materials
F. Vedaei M. Mizani M. Mashhadi Boujar A. GeramiIntroduction: Dried vegetables such as mint are usually prepackaged irradiated to preventthe post contamination and reduce the microbial population. This process might affect thetype and the amount of natural volatile essential oils of the product and also some ions,fre MoreIntroduction: Dried vegetables such as mint are usually prepackaged irradiated to preventthe post contamination and reduce the microbial population. This process might affect thetype and the amount of natural volatile essential oils of the product and also some ions,freeradicals and low molecular weight volatile compounds might be released from the packagingmaterials due to radiolysis reactions migrated into the package and might be adsorbed ontoproduct.Materials and Methods: Dried mints, the mixtures of two species (spearmint, peppermint)were packaged in pouch of three layers of polypropylene film and were irradiated at 8, 10 and15 KGy. The changes in the natural volatile compounds of the product and those that werereleased from packaging and were isolated by distillation-extraction technique were analyzedusing gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector.Results: 59 different compounds were identified which might be classified into the followinggroups: a) the essential oils which were completely destroyed at three different doses(Sabinene, 7-myrcene). b) The essential oils which their concentration were increased byincreasing the irradiation dose (Trans sabinene hydrate, cis-jasmone). c) The essential oilswhich were safe in the lower doses but partially lost at 15KGy. d) Chemical volatilecompounds from polymeric packaging material which migrated into the package (tert-butylbenzene).Conclusion: The results indicated that essential oils from spearmint were more sensitive toirradiation than peppermint. To save the functional quality and also safety of prepackagedirradiateddried mint, processing dose may not exceed from 8KGy and more resistant mintspecies such as peppermint should be packaged in polymeric materials with lower sensibilityto irradiation, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Epifluorescence Light Microscopy as a New Method for Evaluation of Fermentation Activity of Bakery’s Yeast
A. Azizi A. Homayouni Rad H. Homayouni Rad S. Hoshmandi Z. KasaeiIntroduction: Technological performance of Bakery’s yeast is closely related to its viability. In order to predict the performance of baker's yeast, observations concerned with accurate and fast detection of viable and nonviable yeast in the fermentation environme MoreIntroduction: Technological performance of Bakery’s yeast is closely related to its viability. In order to predict the performance of baker's yeast, observations concerned with accurate and fast detection of viable and nonviable yeast in the fermentation environment is essential. Materials and Methods: In this study, three samples of instant dry yeast were investigated by epifluorescence light microscopy (EFLM) using 0.02 % FDA and 0.1% Evans blue. Gasograph apparatus was employed to measure CO2 produced by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae during fermentation. Microbial tests were carried out in order to count the number of yeasts colonies formed. Bread volume and height were assessed after baking process. Results: Baker’s yeast (A) had the highest number of green cells (177.8±7.36) and baker’s yeast (C) had the lowest number of green cells (102.2±8.97). The number of yeast colonies formed in baker’s yeast (A) was the highest (15×1010 cfu/mg) while the bakery’s yeast (C) was the least (12×1010 cfu/mg). Gasograph test showed that baker’s yeast (A) produced the highest amount of CO2 (163.3± 1.9 ml CO2/3h) and bakery’s yeast (C) produced the lowest amount during fermentation process (139.67±1.6 ml CO2/3h). Bread (A) produced the highest volume (132.22±1.0 cm3) and height (4.72±0.35 cm) while bread (C) had the lowest volume (108.33±6.21 cm3) and height (3.81± 0.3 cm). Conclusion: The tests concerned indicated that high survivability and bioactivity of bakery’s yeast leads to more production of CO2 and higher volume and height of bread. The results showed a direct correlation between the percentage of live yeasts and ability of CO2 production. Utilization of EFLM can help to predict the bakery yeast bioactivity without the need for baking tests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The Effect of Ozonation on the Chemical, Microbial and Sensory Properties of Rice Flour
M. Arvanaghi A. JavadiIntroduction: The objective of this study was to achieve optimal conditions using ozone gas to maintain or improve the quality and reduce the microbial contamination of rice flour. Materials and Methods: In this research, ozone gas was injected at the rate of 10, 20 and MoreIntroduction: The objective of this study was to achieve optimal conditions using ozone gas to maintain or improve the quality and reduce the microbial contamination of rice flour. Materials and Methods: In this research, ozone gas was injected at the rate of 10, 20 and 30 g/h and grazing time (extinction treatment) of 15 and 30 minutes and after completing the exoneration, the specimens were examined at room temperature for 60 days. Results: The results showed that ozone gas had no significant effect on the moisture content of the samples (p> 0.05) but treatment with ozone gas had significant effect on pH and peroxide value of rice bran (p <0.05). Coliforms were only detectable in the control sample and negative results were reported in ozone treated samples at different concentrations and time of induction. Increasing ozone concentration significantly reduced the total count of microorganisms and mold and yeast in rice flour samples (p <0.05). Therefore the highest count was in the control sample and the lowest count was in the sample treated with ozone gas at the concentration of 30 g/h. The sensory characteristics of the control sample were higher than other samples, which was significant at the concentration of 20 and 30 g/h of ozone gas (p <0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the best chemical, microbial and organoleptic characteristics of rice flour treatments were obtained at 10 g/h and 15 min. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Evaluation of α-Tocopherol and β-Sitosterol in Distillates of Refined Olive Oil
F. Kalateh Seifari M. Ghavami B. Ghiassi TarziIntroduction: Olive oil, as the major source of lipids in the diet, has a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids and biological components such as phenolic antioxidants that could prevent the destructive effect of free radicals and mutation of cell structures. The nonsa MoreIntroduction: Olive oil, as the major source of lipids in the diet, has a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids and biological components such as phenolic antioxidants that could prevent the destructive effect of free radicals and mutation of cell structures. The nonsaponifiable components of vegetable oils are good sources of specific compounds such as sterols, tocopherols, squalene, fatty acids, and other substances. The aim of this investigation is to determine the components in particular α-Tocopherol and β-Sitosterol through deodorization process and have been accumulated in the distillate tank.Materials and Methods: Olive oil and distillates were provided by Roghan-e-Ziton Nabe Tavakoly manufacturing company. Sterols ad tocopherols were evaluated before and after the deodorization process and in the distilled tank. Qualitative and quantitative determination of sterols and tocopherols were conducted using gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography after the extraction of nonsaponifiable matters.Results: The results showed that the deodorization process decreased the nonsaponifiable matters of olive oil such as sterols, tocopherols, hydrocarbons and some other components namely free fatty acids. Due to the lower temperature of the deodorization process for olive oil, in comparison to soyabean or sunflower oils, the accumulation of these components in the distilled tank were lower. There was no significant difference between sterol composition in distilled tank and oil samples.Conclusion: Collected compounds in the distilled tank are valuable sources of vegetable sterols and α-tocopherol which might be employed in food and pharmaceutical formulation and industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Effect of Deep Frying on Fatty Aid Composition and Sterol Content of Grape Seed Oil
S. Gholam Saghaee Z. Piravi VanakIntroduction: Grape seed oil is important to human health due to its very pleasant taste, odor, as well as its high nutritional values. Consumption of the grape seed oil in the diet has been increasing in recent years. Long periods of heating will deteriorate the oil an MoreIntroduction: Grape seed oil is important to human health due to its very pleasant taste, odor, as well as its high nutritional values. Consumption of the grape seed oil in the diet has been increasing in recent years. Long periods of heating will deteriorate the oil and fried products due to oxidative and hydrolytic changes and reactions. Therefore, accurate control of the frying processes and changes are quiet essential. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effects of deep frying at 180 °C (24 and 48 hours) on some chemical characteristics of grape seed oil namely sterol profile and fatty acid composition have been studied using chromatography techniques. Results: The results indicated that, the predominant fatty acid was linoleic acid, and by increasing the heating period, more unsaturated fatty acids namely linoleic acid was decreased due to oxidation. The phytosterols study showed that beta-sitosterol was the predominant phytosterol and deep fat frying did not affect its concentration. Conclusion: Due to the high concentration of linoleic acid and beta-sitosterol in grape seed oil, it might be stated that the oil has a high nutritional value, but considering the changes during frying it might not be recommended for frying practices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Optimization of Canola Oil Extraction by Ultrasound Waves and Response Surface Methodology
F. Jalili S. M. Jafari Z. Emamjomeh M. Kashaninejad M. GanjehIntroduction: Canola seed is one of the most important oil seed with high ratio of oil andhigh nutritional value and is economically recommended for cultivation and oil extraction.Extraction with ultrasound waves as a nondestructive and novel method might be employed.Th MoreIntroduction: Canola seed is one of the most important oil seed with high ratio of oil andhigh nutritional value and is economically recommended for cultivation and oil extraction.Extraction with ultrasound waves as a nondestructive and novel method might be employed.Therefore the aim of this research is optimization of extraction of canola oil by ultrasoundwaves and RSM.Materials and Methods: In this project, Response Surface Methodology was employed foroptimization of canola oil extraction by ultrasound waves using hexane andhexane/isopropanol as solvents by the ratio of 3:2 (v/v). The influence of extractiontemperature in the range of 35, 45 and 55℃, ultrasound treatment time for 30, 60 and 90minutes and ratio of solvent to canola in three levels of 5, 10 and 15 ml/g were analyzed byBox-Behnken Design (BBD) based on extracted oil percent. The fatty acid compositions ofthe extracted oils using ultrasound-assisted method and soxhlet method employing gas liquidchromatography were determined and compared.Results: According to the high values of correlation coefficients of selected models optimizedfor hexane solvent extraction methods (R2 =0.93) and hexane-isopropanol solvent mixture(R2 =0.97) and no significant lack of fit tests (P>0.05) selected models might be useful topredict the extraction percentage of canola oil.Conclusion: The results showed that the optimum conditions for canola oil extraction byhexane (22.39 %) and combined hexane/isopropanol (30.66 %) were respectively atultrasound treatment times of 69.5 and 87 minutes, temperatures of 55 and 55 ℃ and ratio ofsolvent to canola of 6.39 and 9.12 (%v/w). Extraction efficiency was significantly improvedby ultrasound as compared to the soxhlet extraction. Fatty acid compositions of the canolaoils were not significantly affected by the application of ultrasound (P> 0.05). Thereforeultrasound might be regarded as a simple and rapid method to improve the extraction of oilwithout affecting the quality of the fatty acids present. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Investigation the Saturated and Trans Fatty Aid contents of Confectionary Products in Kermanshah City
N. Mardafkan F. Beigmohammadi Sh. AhmadiIntroduction: There is a relationship between the consumption of saturated, trans fatty acidsand coronary heart disease, however there are unresolved matters to be concerned about thecontent of saturated and trans fatty acids in Iranian confectionery sweets.Materials an MoreIntroduction: There is a relationship between the consumption of saturated, trans fatty acidsand coronary heart disease, however there are unresolved matters to be concerned about thecontent of saturated and trans fatty acids in Iranian confectionery sweets.Materials and Methods: Four types of confectionary sweets popular and consumedfrequently consisted of dry, semi-dry, wet and frying types were selected and purchased fromthree famous confectionary shops with six replicate orders during six month periods. The oilsamples after extraction were subjected to methylation to prepare methyl ester of the fattyacids. The methyl ester samples were injected to a gas chromatography equipped with BPX70capillary column and Flame Ionisation Detector where the firm identification was made bycomparison with standards.Results: The results showed that the major saturated fatty acid in all the pastries was palmiticacid accounting for 25 to 35 % for different samples. The other major saturated fatty acid wasstearic acid ranging 5 to 10%. The unsaturated fatty acid; elaidic acid (C18:1t) accounted for7 to 13%, expect for Doughnut that was less than 1%. In total the amount of saturated fattyacids and trans fatty acid of the samples was much higher than the minimum standardtherefore total TFA content in Nan Brenji A, B and C brands were13.3, 8.03 and 11.45,respectively. The values of TFA in Danish type were 15.67, 15.25 and 16.78, respectivelyand in Napeloni type was11.82, 15.9 and 11.46, respectively.Conclusion: It is necessary and advisable to replace the edible oils containing high trans fattyacids in the formulation of these sweets with healthier ones containing lower trans content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The Effect of Enrichment with Sargassum illicifolium, Ulva lactuca and Gracilaria cortica Algae on Physicochemical and Microbial Properties of Processed Fruits (Sour Date Purees and Apple Paste)
somayeh Ranjbar-Shamsi Anousheh Sharifan Mozhgan Emtyazjoo Maryam Moslehishad -
Open Access Article
66 - Fluidized Bed Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus Sporogenes with Some Selected Hydrocolloids for Probiotic Bread Production
S.S. Mirzamani A.R. Bassiri H. Tavakolipour M.H. Azizi M. Kargozari -
Open Access Article
67 - Evaluation and determination of amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in top soils of Masjed Soleyman Oil and Gas factories (Case study: Haft Shahidan Dissalination and Operating Factory)
atousa ahmadi Azamasadat Hosseini AlhashemiAbstract Background and Objective: Contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is one of the most common cases in oil-rich province of Khuzestan. The main purpose of this study was to determine the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil of Haft Shahid MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is one of the most common cases in oil-rich province of Khuzestan. The main purpose of this study was to determine the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil of Haft Shahidan Dissalination and Operating Factory which is Located in Masjed Soleyman.The soil were sampled from seven stations in two seasons of winter and spring in 2015. Method: The soil samples were homogenized after they are collected and transported to the laboratory. After extraction, 16 compositions were measured by means of GC-MS. Furthermore, the amounts of pH, EC, organic matter and aggregation available in soils were measured. Findings: The results showed the mean PAHs in soil collected from stations 1 to 7 were respectively 265081, 55.78, 31.04, 46.33, 62.61, 33.70, and ND mg/kg dried-form weight in winter and 310.82, 63.69, 38.12, 55.36, 77.14, 44.62, and ND mg/kg dried-form weight in spring.There was a negative correlation among the amount of PAHs available in soils, the amounts of EC parameters and pH deposits in 0.01 and a positive correlation with organic matter. Discussion and Counclusion: The results collected from the ratio of the molecular showed that all the stations contain a mixture of Payerolitic and Pethrogenic hydrocarbons. The results show that stations 1,2,5,and 6 have high level of PAHs concentration, which is due to close distance of these stations to the oil tanks and facilities as well as oil leakage. According to the results obtained from all stations, the levels of compounds such as benzo(b)fluorantene, benzo(k)fluorantene, Dibenzo(ah)antheracene and Phenanthrene were found to be higher than the standard of Canada. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Comparison of the Performance of Internal and External Loop Air-lift Reactors for Water Treatment by Activated Sludge
Mohammad Ali Salehi Nasrin HakimghiasiBackground and Objective: In This study the impacts of operating conditions such as aeration rate, the downcomer-to-riser cross-sectional area ratio (Ad/Ar), and liquid phase properties on the hydrodynamics and volumetric mass transfer coefficient in three-phase airlift MoreBackground and Objective: In This study the impacts of operating conditions such as aeration rate, the downcomer-to-riser cross-sectional area ratio (Ad/Ar), and liquid phase properties on the hydrodynamics and volumetric mass transfer coefficient in three-phase airlift reactors was investigated. Method: Experiments were conducted in external loop air-lift reactor with downcomer to riser cross-sectional area ratio (AD/AR=0.14) and internal air-lift reactors with downcomer to riser cross-sectional area ratios 0.36 and 1. Air and Water were used as gas and liquid phases, respectively and activated sludge is used as the solid phase. Findings: The liquid circulation velocity, gas holdup and mass transfer coefficient increased with an increase in the superficial gas velocity, decrease the sludge concentration and decrease downcomer to riser cross-sectional area ratio. The maximum amount of gas hold up, 0.178 in external air-lift reactor with 1%(w/w) activated sludge in superficial gas velocity 0.24(m/s) was observed. A model to predict the effect of activated sludge concentration, the superficial gas velocity and the downcomer-to-riser cross-sectional area ratio on the mass transfer activated sludge airlift reactors provided which with the experimental results are in good agreement. Discussion and Conclusion: The evaluation of internal and external reactors performance at different concentration and superficial gas velocity show that the air-lift reactor with external loop has better performance in comparison with internal airlift reactors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Estimating the amount of fuel consumption and air pollution caused by the traffic of buses rapid transit using agent-based modeling
rahman noormohammadi seyed mohammadali khatami firoozabadi akbar alamtabriz Reza Ehtesham Rasi amir daneshvarBackground and Objective: The increased traffic has been followed by many problems in metropolitans, the key of which is air pollution and excessive fuel consumption. Paying attention to public transportation, particularly the bus rapid transit (BRT) system is one of th MoreBackground and Objective: The increased traffic has been followed by many problems in metropolitans, the key of which is air pollution and excessive fuel consumption. Paying attention to public transportation, particularly the bus rapid transit (BRT) system is one of the measures that may be taken, since besides reducing social expenses, it may be very effective in declining air pollution. The main objective of the present research is to study the fuel consumption rate and the emissions rate of various air pollutants including CO2, CH4, and N2O gases in various scenarios of BRT system. Material and Methodology: Since traffic and congestion phenomena are complex and dynamic, it is very difficult and sometimes impossible to model them with common mathematical models. To this end, agent-based technologies, highly compatible with these characteristics, can be utilized. In the current research, BRT system’s performance, the fuel consumption rate, and the amount of air pollutants production are estimated using agent-based modeling. This study emphasizes what changes should be made in effective parameters such as bus speed and bus stop time at stations, as well as bus dispatch timing in order to control fuel consumption and reduce pollution factors. This research uses NetLogo software to code the model and run its simulation and considers three different scenarios in line one of BRT system in Tehran (Iran). Findings: following the analysis and comparison of different scenarios, suggestions are made to decline fuel consumption and air pollutants, such as minor changes in the parameters of bus stop times at stations as well as changes in the dispatch time of buses from the terminal in order to reduce fuel consumption and air pollution rates. The results indicate that one of the improved situations was related to the situation of increasing the bus dispatch time parameter and in the bridge scenario, CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions are 1458.6, 1.122, and 11.781, respectively, in one hour of peak passenger time. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, achieving the goal of reducing fuel consumption and air pollution rates is more suitable in the bridge scenario compared to the other two scenarios. Furthermore, if possible, it is suggested to build bridges at intersections with high traffic, or put the smart traffic light system on the agenda. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Experimental Study of the Effect of Using Fin on the Fire Tube of Gas Pressure Reduction Station Heater on Thermal Efficiency and and Reducing the Emission of Greenhouse Gas
Saeed Rastegar Hadi Kargarsharifabad Nader Rahbar Mohammad Behshad Shafii,Background and Objective: The pressure of the natural gas at the pressure reduction station is reduced by the regulator and by the general law of the gases, the gas temperature is reduced by decreasing in constant volume. If the gas temperature falls below the dew point MoreBackground and Objective: The pressure of the natural gas at the pressure reduction station is reduced by the regulator and by the general law of the gases, the gas temperature is reduced by decreasing in constant volume. If the gas temperature falls below the dew point temperature, it can form hydrates, freeze, and eventually blockage and clogging of the gas passage. Therefore, indirect water bath heater is used to increase the gas temperature before the pressure reduction. At present, the thermal efficiency of these heaters is very low and a large amount of fuel is wasted in the heaters. Material and Methodology: In this paper, using fin in the gas pressure reduction station heater fire tube on its thermal efficiency and greenhouse gas investigated experimentally and and the thermodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of the heater are compared in the usual case and in the fin state. Findings: The results showed that using fin in the heater fire tube increased the thermal efficiency of the heater and the heat transfer coefficient by 14% and 19%, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: If the results of the increasing in efficiency were applied to all gas pressure reduction station heaters, the energy saving and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions over one year were estimated to be 40 million cubic meters and 76.75 thousand tons, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Biogas Production from Sugar Beet Wastes in an Overload Bioreactor with pH Adjustment
Misagh Keramati Hossein BeikiBackground and Objective: Considering the importance of environmental protection and necessity of using new energy sources and innovative fuels, in this study, biogas production from sugar beet wastes using a batch lab-scale bioreactor was investigated experimentally. MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the importance of environmental protection and necessity of using new energy sources and innovative fuels, in this study, biogas production from sugar beet wastes using a batch lab-scale bioreactor was investigated experimentally. Method: All experiments were done at constant temperature of 37±1 oC with using water bath. Four reactors with the same feed concentration and condition put in a circulated water bath. pH was adjusted in the reactors for the first 4 days on 7, 8 and 9. Substrate to inoculum (S/I) ratio in the reactors was constant and equal to 6:1. Finding: In the over load mono-digester system with high S/I ratio, due to the sharp drop in pH, biogas couldn’t be produced. By adjusting the pH, even for such a system, biogas production can be achieved, although the efficiency of the process is low. Discussion and Conclusion: The results revealed that, whilst biogas was not produced in the reactor with high S/I ratio, pH adjustment made it possible to generate biogas. Mole fraction of methane in biogas produced in the reactors with pH adjustment were 35-50%. Biogas production occurred with long time delay, so that after 14 days, very little or no biogas was produced. Maximum volume of biogas was produced in reactor with pH=8. Whilst in the reactor with pH=9, biogas produced with high methane purity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Use of Flare Gas to Produce Liquid Fuel and Prevent the Environment from Polluting (Case Study: Third Refinery- Phases 4 and 5 of South Pars)
Mohammad Taghi Abadi Mohammad Irani Ahmad TavassoliBackground and Purpose: In the last hundred years, to reach more manufacturing, supplying and consumption, using fossil fuel increased in industries, such as refineries, petrochemical and industrial complexes, etc. which spread severely environmental pollution worldwide MoreBackground and Purpose: In the last hundred years, to reach more manufacturing, supplying and consumption, using fossil fuel increased in industries, such as refineries, petrochemical and industrial complexes, etc. which spread severely environmental pollution worldwide consequently. The pollution as a complex problem has many reasons and also leads many negative effects, including environmental concerns, economic cost and fatal impact to human health. One of the most important cause is flare gas of industries. According to the world statistics, Iran is considered as third largest position in burning flare gas. A huge reduction in emission of these gases is one of the main goals to be achieved with the help of all international communities. Materials and Methods: Hence different methods such as gas to liquid seems necessary as one option to recovery the flare gas. In this study, the data related to flare gas of a particular refinery with the help of simulation software Aspen Hysys, the GTL unit isanalyzed. Results: The simulation shows that when the flare gas used as a raw material to unit GTL, it will be achieved 1549 GTL product barrels per day. Discussion and Conclusions: This case study shows that one of the most important flare gas recovery method is GTL. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Improving efficiency of a gas cyclone in high-temperature operating conditions by using appropriate geometry of vortex finder
Akbar Jafarnezhad Hesamoddin SALARIAN Saeid Kheradmand Jahanfar KhaleghiniaBackground and Objective: Cyclones are widely used in air pollution control to separate particulate gas mixtures and are used in industry. The advantages of this device in different industries are its relative simplicity of construction, low operating cost and reliable MoreBackground and Objective: Cyclones are widely used in air pollution control to separate particulate gas mixtures and are used in industry. The advantages of this device in different industries are its relative simplicity of construction, low operating cost and reliable under extreme working conditions. Today, cyclone separators have become one of the most important particle removal devices in the fields of science and engineering. Due to the wide application of cyclones in industrial processes, especially thermal power plants, the study of the performance of cyclones at high temperatures is of particular importance. In the present study, two-phase flow simulation within a cyclone will be performed in three different dimensions using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach in order to study the cyclone performance in a wide range of temperatures, and finally the problem of its lower performance will be substantially resolved by using appropriate geometry of vortex finder. Material and Methodology: In this study, the effect of inlet temperature on the flow field and the separation performance of a cyclone has been comprehensively investigated using CFD simulation. The Euler-Lagrangian approach has been used to simulate airflow and particle dynamics in cyclones. In addition, four proposed vortex finder geometries were considered and compared with the basic geometry in order to evaluate how the vortex finder affects the cyclone performance under a wide temperature range (293 K-700 K). The validity of the numerical model is confirmed by comparing the predicted pressure drop with the experimental data and numerical results in which there is a good agreement was achieved. Findings: The results demonstrated that increasing of inlet temperature significantly reduced the tangential velocity and led to a sharp decrease in the cyclone separation efficiency. All of the proposed vortex finders affected the flow pattern within the cyclone at all inlet temperatures. The simulation results showed that the highest tangential velocity observed in the cyclone was with CVF 1, which also had a positive effect on the relevant separation efficiency. Also, it is proved that the proposed cyclone with CVF 1 was able to collect finer particles (2 μm) at high inlet temperature (T = 700 K). Discussion and Conclusion: In the present study, while examining the performance of cyclone using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach in three dimensions over a wide temperature range, a suitable solution to improve efficiency and solve the problem of efficiency drop at high temperatures was presented. By properly changing the dimensions and geometry of the vortex finder, the flow in the pre-separation zone can be well controlled to improve particle separation efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Study of the Relation among Economic Growth, Energy Using and Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Case study: Selected Countries of the OIC)
Mohammadreza Nahidi Amirkhiz Farzad Rahimzadeh siamak shokouhifardBackground and Objective: Energy carriers are one of the most important factors in production and accessing to energy resources can smooth countries economic growth and development process. Also, countries inclination in order to achieving higher economic growth has acc MoreBackground and Objective: Energy carriers are one of the most important factors in production and accessing to energy resources can smooth countries economic growth and development process. Also, countries inclination in order to achieving higher economic growth has accompanied with higher using of energy carriers and has led to emission of Greenhouse gas. This leads to create environmental problems threatening human life. Therefore, studying the relation among economic growth, energy using and Greenhouse gas emissions is of particular importance. Method: Accordingly, the aim of this study is to analysis the interaction among economic growth, energy using and CO2 gas using data from 16 selected countries of the OIC. Findings: The results from estimated model with data panel technique showed that in significant level of 5%, existence the Kuznets inverted U hypothesis is valid in the under-studied countries. Since, the coefficient related to GDP growth variable and its square has positive and negative sign, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed that energy using has statistically positive impact on CO2 gas emission in time period 1995-2015. Discussion and Conclusion: Given the existence of a one-way causality relationship between GDP growth and CO2 emissions, the economic growth in the studied countries has led to an increase in CO2 emissions and as well as the U reverse relation of economic growth and CO2 emissions, so that in the studied countries, by increasing the growth rate, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions will increase as well. After a certain growth rate and passing through it, with higher economic growth CO2 emissions have also declined in these countries, It is recommended that, in view of the high importance of the environment, the environmental authorities and environmental organizations have adopted appropriate environmental laws and regulations, and technologies have progressed towards eco-friendly technologies and cost financing related to changing technology to environmentally friendly technology, as well as paying taxes which taxes to improve the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Evaluation of the amount of gaseous pollutants and airborne particles in the internal terminals of Tehran Bus Company
azimeh yekpaei najafabadi Seyyed AliReza Haji Seyyed Mirza Hosseini Ali MohammadiBackground and Objective: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with the aim of Measure and determine the concentration of suspended particles: PM10 PM1; PM2.5; And NO2 gases; SO2; CO; HC in open air six important passenger terminals and traffic jams in the metrop MoreBackground and Objective: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with the aim of Measure and determine the concentration of suspended particles: PM10 PM1; PM2.5; And NO2 gases; SO2; CO; HC in open air six important passenger terminals and traffic jams in the metropolis of Tehran.Method: Using portable device MET ONE to measure suspended particles and the portable device Aeroqual to measure gases in the course of one year, from autumn 94 to summer 95. Samples were analyzed using software SPSS; EXEL.Findings: The results of this study showed that the highest concentration of suspended particles was PM1 with an average of 1.20 micrograms per cubic meter; PM2.5 with average of 6.72 micrograms per cubic meter; PM10 with an average of 100.23 micrograms per cubic meter; CO concentration with a mean concentration of 6.95 ppm, NO2 with a mean concentration of 0.05 ppm, SO2 with an average of 0.05 ppm HC, with an average of 2.56 ppm in winter.Discussion and Conclusion: The reasons for the increase in pollutants include: low temperature, no wind blowing, air reversal, terminal location, surrounding pollutants and type of fuel and technology used on buses. Using the results of this research, we can devise appropriate methods for controlling and reducing air pollutants with the aim of improving the system in these sites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Impact of Renewable Energies on Green Economy
Somayeh Daneshvari Parvaneh Salatin Mohammad khalilzadehBackground and purpose: As the world's population grows and energy resources are limited, all countries face energy problems. The crises that threaten countries and communities are the lack of non-renewable sources of energy (fossil fuels), as well as the increase of en MoreBackground and purpose: As the world's population grows and energy resources are limited, all countries face energy problems. The crises that threaten countries and communities are the lack of non-renewable sources of energy (fossil fuels), as well as the increase of environmental pollution caused by excessive consumption of fossil fuels which shows the necessities and importance of using renewable energy resources. The close link between the economic and environmental issues has raised new approaches to the field of international environmental law, one of the most prominent of which is the green economy, and since one of the main goals of the green economy is reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the use of renewable energy sources is a quick way to achieve a green economy. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to review the comparative effect of renewable energy on green economy in two groups of selected countries that produce and consume renewable energy with high and middle income. Methodology: This study is an applied research and inferential research method. The method and tool for collecting information and statistical resources are written documents, electronic information and taking notes. Findings: The results of model estimation in the selected countries with Fixed Effects Method during the period of 2005-2016 showed that the use of renewable energy has a negative and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions as an indicator of the green economy in the selected countries. Also, the effect of renewable energy on the green economy in the group of selected middle income countries is higher than that of high-income countries. Other results showed that economic growth and openness had a positive and significant impact, human capital, ICT and rule of law had a negative and significant impact on carbon dioxide emissions as an indicator of green economy in the group of selected countries. Discussion and Conclusion: Renewable energies are clean, abundant and reliable and if properly developed, can play a significant role in achieving sustainable development goals as sustainable sources of energy. The main reason for the emphasis on the use of renewable energies, in addition to helping to solve environmental problems and preventing the loss of fossil fuels, is the conservation of natural resources for future generations, which undoubtedly renewable energy, given their simplicity of technology, plays a significant role in the green economy and sustainable economic development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Air Quality Assessment around Mehrabad Airport
Farzaneh Maleki zad Alireza Mirzahosseini Faramarz MoattarBackground and Objective: Air pollution is a great concern in developed and developing countries and its economic costs accounts for a large share of gross national product of countries. This study aimed to investigate and assess the air quality around Mehrabad airport. MoreBackground and Objective: Air pollution is a great concern in developed and developing countries and its economic costs accounts for a large share of gross national product of countries. This study aimed to investigate and assess the air quality around Mehrabad airport. Method: In this cross-sectional study, important pollutants including CO, TSP, TVOC and NOX were measured. Considering the privaling wind direction in Tehran, one station in residential area, one station representative of the airport, two stations around the airport and one station in high traffic area were selected. LSI-Babuc/A، Dust Trak TSI and Phocheck + 500 were employed to measure the pollutants. Measurement was done in each month and the statistical analysis was done using SPSS 21. Findings: The mean concentration of all pollutants (except for nitrogen dioxide) was higher at the vicinity of the airport stations than in other stattions. Results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there are significance differences between pollutants concentration around the airport and in other stations. No significant difference was found for NO2 among the stations. The mean concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, Co and TVOCs at the north of the airport were significantly different from those of other stations (p<0.001). Discussion and Conclusion: Most of the pollutants around the airport had higher concentration compared to residential and high traffic stations, and thereby, the airport could be regarded as a pollutant source. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Investigating the most appropriate treatments for ultrasonic duration, temperature and water ratio to the contents of livestock rumen in biogas production (Case study: Khorramabad city slaughterhouse)
Ali Kooshki morteza almassi Mohammad Ghahderijani Hamidreza ShamlouiBackground and Objective: Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse solid wastes, such as rumen contents, is an appropriate treatment option for managing such residues, because of their significant role in reducing the environmental impacts as well as the potential for biog MoreBackground and Objective: Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse solid wastes, such as rumen contents, is an appropriate treatment option for managing such residues, because of their significant role in reducing the environmental impacts as well as the potential for biogas production. The objective of this study was determining the appropriate temperature, time and ratio of water to livestock rumen content on the total biogas production.Material and Methodology: This study was conducted at the Khorramabad Industrial Slaughterhouse. After slaughtering livestock the contents of the rumen of five cows and five sheep were mixed together to homogenize and in separate experiments to examine the impact of severity different temperatures (30, 40 and 50° C), different times of Ultrasonic device waving (10, 20 and 30 minutes) and different ratios of mixing contents of rumen and water (50 ml of water to 100 g of rumen contents, 100 ml of water to 100 g of rumen contents and 200 ml of water to 100 g of rumen contents) in process of biogas production was discussed.Findings: In general, the largest amount of total biogas, related to the triple opposite effect of using 30 minutes of ultrasonic pretreatment (t3) * C50 ° (te3) * Combination ratio of visceral contents (r3) with production amount of 350/333 ml which is considered the best results.Discussion and Conclusion: the finding indicated that the total biogas production from rumen content in the process of anaerobic digestion are more effected by the treatment under the conditions of a longer ultrasonic pretreatment, higher temperature and lower concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Identifying and Ranking Environmental Destructive Economic Sectors Based on the Amount of Greenhouse Gas Emission by Shannon Entropy -VIKOR Approach (Case study: Iran: 1388-1392)
nahid dorostkar Ali DehghaniBackground and Objective: Today environmental issues and avoid irregular greenhouse gas emission has become one of the most important concerns of each country. This study has been done with the aim of determining the amount of greenhouse gas emission in different MoreBackground and Objective: Today environmental issues and avoid irregular greenhouse gas emission has become one of the most important concerns of each country. This study has been done with the aim of determining the amount of greenhouse gas emission in different industries and ranking these industries based on the most destructive greenhouse gas including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide and Sulfur trioxide. Method: In this study after identifying the most pollutant greenhouse gases based on the literature review and using the average of five recent year's data from the Iranian Statistics Center, the weight of each greenhouse gas were determined based on Shannon entropy and by using VIKOR technique and MATLAB software, the most pollutant sector was determined. Findings: Based on Shannon entropy, Co with the weight of 0.3 has the highest coefficient of importance among pollutant greenhouse gases. Based on VIKOR technique, transportation sector based on utility measure, Vikor measure and regret measure was determined as the most pollutant sector. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the result of study, transportation sector has played a major role in greenhouse gas emissions and identified as the most pollutant sector. So, attention to structural and cultural components associated to transportation field has become more important than the past. Using green transportation technologies, investing in public transportation and providing infrastructure for non- motorized vehicles can be introduced as suggestion for reducing pollution in this sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Evaluation of amount, emission factors and concentrations of SO2, NO2 and CO in ILAM Gas Refinery
rouineh rahimi Nabiollah Mansouri Ali Asghar Alsheikh Alireza MirzahoseiniBackground and Objective: Determination of pollutant emission factors by time is the most important initial data in air pollution modeling. EPA's AP 42 documents provide the most comprehensive emission factor system for all industries based on process type, fuel, and co MoreBackground and Objective: Determination of pollutant emission factors by time is the most important initial data in air pollution modeling. EPA's AP 42 documents provide the most comprehensive emission factor system for all industries based on process type, fuel, and control types. Target of this study, wasto investigate concentrations, emission factors of SO2, NO2 and CO in Ilam gas refinery.Method: In this study, concentrations of SO2, NO2 and CO and other required parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow rate and diameter of the 6 main stacks were measured by direct field measurements by Testo 350 XL. By results of these measurements and measurements of previous years in the refinery, the mean average for the two normal scenarios and the worst condition, and then the emission values were calculated. Data analysis was carried out with a confidence level of 95%.Findings: The estimated secondry, hourly, daily, monthly, and annual emissions from Ilam gas refinery was calculated and analyzed based on 2 normal and worst-case scenarios. Field measurement of flue concentrations showed that the highest concentrations of carbon monoxide (3565 ppm) and sulfur dioxide (5099 ppm) relates to SRU1 unit, the highest produced nitrogen dioxide (188 ppm) produced by SRU2, 1396 were the most polluted year according to the measured gases. The results of environmental measurements showed that CO at the sewage station is, 4/12 ppm and in Mehran road with an undetectable amount, the lowest amount of NO2 in the Chegae with 0.6 and Mehran road with the undetectable, the lowest amount, the amount of SO2 at the laboratory point with a maximum of 0.13 ppm and in the housing camp with an undetectable amount, the lowest It was.Discussion and Conclusion: Considering that the amount of environmental pollution and concentration of pollutants in the production units are more significant. So, planning for corrective actions to reduce emission of pollutants in production units, seems to be necessary. As well as the recovery and reduction of feed of flaring, can have a significant impact on the emission of pollutants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The removal of NO2 gas by some natural adsorbents by using the adsorption method
Hossein Dashti Khavidaki Raziyeh Jafari Mousa SoleymaniBackground and Objective: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the most dangerous pollutants in the environment. NO2 certainly causes lung damage at high concentrations. Exposure to its moderate levels (50 ppm) for a short period may produce irritation of the eyes, nose, an MoreBackground and Objective: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the most dangerous pollutants in the environment. NO2 certainly causes lung damage at high concentrations. Exposure to its moderate levels (50 ppm) for a short period may produce irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, and chest pain and contact to its high concentrations (> 100 ppm) can result in pulmonary edema, which can be fatal. Therefore, it is very important for environment the removing of the pollutant from air. The aim of this study has been the removal of NO2 gas by some natural adsorbents by using the adsorption method. Material and Methodology: In this work, it has been investigated the removal of NO2 gas by adsorption on different natural adsorbents including eggshell, eucalyptus bark, fennel seed, pine leaf, tea waste, and wheat straw. It was also studied the effect of some experimental conditions including adsorbent column length and initial NO2 amount on the adsorption percentage. Findings: The most desirable adsorption percentage obtained with adsorbent column length 50 cm and initial NO2 amount 6.3 mmol. In addition, Fennel seed and eggshell can adsorb 96.8 and 92.1% of NO2 gas in the optimum conditions, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Among the used adsorbents, the most appropriate adsorbents are fennel seed and eggshell for the adsorption process. In addition, it was correlated the equilibrium data with the adsorption isotherms such as the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Harkin-Jura and the results showed that Harkin-Jura isotherm describes the experimental results better than the other isotherms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Simulation of Methane Production Process from Livestock Wastes into a Batch Bioreactor
Hossein Beiki Elham JananehBackground and Objective: Considering the importance of environmental protection and necessity of using new energy sources and innovative fuels, using of renewable energies have been a great concern. Due to this necessity, in this study, mathematical modeling and s MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the importance of environmental protection and necessity of using new energy sources and innovative fuels, using of renewable energies have been a great concern. Due to this necessity, in this study, mathematical modeling and simulation of a batch bioreactor to produce methane from livestock waste was investigated numerically. Method: The relationship between microorganism’s growth rate and substrate concentration were established by Monod model. The equations of mathematical model were solved with fourth order Rung Kutta. The effect of initial microorganisms’ concentration on methane production was also investigated. Initial concentration of substrate and microorganisms are 51.74 g/L and 1.61 g/L, respectively. Findings: The results revealed that the mathematical model average deviation from experimental data is 8.53%. The amount of methane produced after 70 days is equal to 10.29 g/L. The substrate disintegration and methane production are a function of substrate retention time. Enhancement in the initial concentration of microorganisms causes methane gas production in less time. The amount of methane gas produced is independent of initial microorganisms’ concentration. Discussion and Conclusion: The model which presented in this study could be used to predict the time required to carry out the reaction, ooptimum performance of bioreactor, the relevant process equipment design, scale up of equipment such as digestive and appropriate control of operation to produce high-purity methane and higher volume of biogas in the bioreactor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Explaining the Most Preferred Source of Water Supply of Gas Refinery in Fars Province; Application of Multi-Stakeholders Approach
Mansour Ghanian Omid M. Ghoochani Mona DoraniBackground and Objectives: Using water is common in all industries and without this vital material, industrial activities would be impossible. Among all industries, the refinery industries are the most water-intensive ones. Given to the recent drought, the present study MoreBackground and Objectives: Using water is common in all industries and without this vital material, industrial activities would be impossible. Among all industries, the refinery industries are the most water-intensive ones. Given to the recent drought, the present study tried to identify the best water source of Persian refinery in Fars province. Method: The dominant approach of the present study is quantitative and applied research. Elites and experts from the various governmental agencies considered as the respondents of the present study. The data analyzed using Expert Choice software and AHP technique. Findings: The results showed that social coherence, trust, responsibility, and participation are respectively the most effective factors to choose of the water sources. Also, the most suitable sources of water supply were the water management. Discussion and Conclusion: The goal of comprehensive water resources management is to create a system that has the benefit of reflection and feedback by interacting water management with the environment and social and economic development and finally, with the participation of different sectors. Decisions are made on allocating and developing water resources. Therefore the policy-making and planning of water resources management should be formulated and defined in accordance with the knowledge of water interconnections and development, the facilities and management tools, technical and financial facilities, and the constraints of the social and political system of society which the present study can initiate this route. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Measurement of Air pollution Emissions from Chimneys of Production Units Moisture Insulation (Isogam) Delijan
Faezeh Borhani Alireza NoorpoorBackground and Objectives: Isogam (Waterproofing) Bituminous production units as one of the major sources of air pollutants, make concerns for environmental organizations, research centers and industries in order to mitigate their destructive impacts on the atmosphere. MoreBackground and Objectives: Isogam (Waterproofing) Bituminous production units as one of the major sources of air pollutants, make concerns for environmental organizations, research centers and industries in order to mitigate their destructive impacts on the atmosphere. Due to importance of application of these materials in building sectors, many producing units have been developed in Iran. It confronts many Iranian cities with an environmental crisis. Therefore, accurate analysis of pollutant emissions is an essential step while presenting strategies to minimize its harmful effect. Isogam Bituminous production process includes non-hydrocarbon emissions and hydrocarbon gases. The purpose of this research is to measure exhaust gas emissions of the production units of Isogam Bituminous Delijan such as CO, HC, CO2 , SO2 and NOX (NO+NO2), contrasting with the conventional standards. Material and Method: In this research, various values of volumetric gas concentrations (ppm) are measured by analyzer machine named Testo350. Then to analyze the quality of the exhaust gas the health, safety and environmental standards would be applied to the specimen. Findings: According to the presented results, CO is the highest part of pollutants which is 678 ppm in winter and the highest average concentration of hydrocarbons in the summer is 250. Discussion and Conclusion: This study shows that as the values of some parameters is greater than the standard values of exhaust chimney, it is necessary to review the control systems to optimize the emission of pollutants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Designing Lean Supply Chain Framework in the Offshore Sector of the Oil and Gas Industry with a Sustainable Development Approach
Ahmadreza Etemadi Ahmadreza KasraeiBackground and Objective: Today, Companies can use different supply chain paradigms to achieve better performance and improve their competitiveness. Lean supply chain is one of these paradigms that focuses on eliminating waste along the chain. On the other hand, the lea MoreBackground and Objective: Today, Companies can use different supply chain paradigms to achieve better performance and improve their competitiveness. Lean supply chain is one of these paradigms that focuses on eliminating waste along the chain. On the other hand, the lean approach emphasizes three dimensions of economic, social and environmental along the chain and can lead to sustainability in supply chain. In fact, sustainability refers to a good balance between economic development, social assets and environmental issues. Due to the importance of the oil and gas industry in our country, the implementation of a lean supply chain based on sustainability in active organizations in this area is very important. Method: In order to conduct this study that has been carried out in one of the largest companies operating in the offshore sector, first, by reviewing the literature and opinion poll at the experts, the ten factors that lead to lean supply chain were identified. Then, using an interpretive structural modeling approach, the research framework was developed. Findings: in this framework, "management and leadership" as the most influential and the two factors, "minimization of delivery time" and "flexibility" were determined as the most influential factors. Discussion and Conclusion: Accordingly, the "management and leadership” was the basis of this framework and should be much considered. Finally, some suggestions were made to achieve lean procurement process with sustainable approach in the offshore sector of the oil and gas industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Environmental Risk Assessment for Gas Pipeline Construction Using the Multi-Index Compilation Decision Method (Case study: Gachsaran to Bidboland)
shahab Ahmadzadeh MARYAM ROBATI hanieh nikoomaramBackground and Objective: This study analyzes the risk assessment of Gachsaran petrochemical Ethan transformation 20 inch pipeline implementation design as one of the most important petrochemical designs of the country, with the knowledge of assuring necessity of proper MoreBackground and Objective: This study analyzes the risk assessment of Gachsaran petrochemical Ethan transformation 20 inch pipeline implementation design as one of the most important petrochemical designs of the country, with the knowledge of assuring necessity of proper and right implementation of projects and finally presenting solutions for adverse effects reduction on environment. Method: VIKOR and ENVID methods are types of environmental risk identification methods that show necessary applicability for projects’ risk amount assessment. Findings: In this research, relative analysis process of failure existence potentials is discussed and also sensitivity assessment and vulnerability detection of environment around us is done. This method conclude recognition of environment affected by gas leakage, important ecologic compartments checked and assessed considering environmental sensitivities, risk amount guaranty according to existing standards and identification of preventive actions and potential pipeline risk reduction actions. Discussion and Conclusions: The results show that in both mentioned methods, construction phase has more risk in comparison to application phase as in construction phase, physical and chemical and economical, social and cultural environments respectively get the most influence and in application phase with less severity comparing to construction phase Economical, social and cultural and physical and chemical receive the most influence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Investigation of Field Experiments and Mathematical Models for Heavy Gas Dispersion
Narjes Hemati Alam Eslam Kashi Razieh HabibpourBackground and Objective: Release and dispersion of toxic and flammable gases in atmosphere is one of the most important incident in safety of the processes. Risk analysis with the aim of prevention from harm and damage usually carries out by software packages, which ar MoreBackground and Objective: Release and dispersion of toxic and flammable gases in atmosphere is one of the most important incident in safety of the processes. Risk analysis with the aim of prevention from harm and damage usually carries out by software packages, which are based on the field experiments and mathematical models.Material and Methodology: In order to derive dispersion models and evaluate existing models, some different experiments are done. Experiments of the gas release and gas dispersion are in two categories, experiments which took place in wind tunnels and which are field experiments. Kit Fox, Thorney Island and coyote are some of the most famous field experiments. PERP group and EMU tests are major experiments in wind tunnels. In many of studies, gas dispersion was investigated in the open places in absence or presence of obstacles because most of the industrial accident happens in open places. Others are also taking place in indoors and large buildings. Early, simple models such as box models, steady state plume and integral models were proposed. Thereafter, group models like Lagrangian models and Lagrangian- Gaussian models were evinced. One of the other approach is using more complex and computational methods. Fluid dynamics methods are designed and developed for this purpose. The models of the heavy gas dispersion can be categorized to four major group. The first is simple and experimental models. intermediate and integral or shallow layer models include box models, steady state / general steady state plume models, one dimensional integral models is located in the next. The third group is advanced and lagrange models. The last and latest models are computational fluid dynamic models: RANS, LES and DNSFindings: Different gases, distinct release scenarios are studied in researches. As another effective parameter on the path of gas dispersion, topology of release location can be mentioned which is investigated in field experiments and simulations.Discussion and conclusions: in order to use and refer the field experiments and models as an evaluation, desired scenarios’ condition should be as close as possible to the models or experiments’ condition. These conditions could be such as type of gas, terrain and topology of release path, puff or plume release and other environment and physical conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Simultaneous Simulation of Gasification Reactor and Steam Cycle of Tehran's Waste Incineration Power Plant
Milad Banaei gholamreza SalehiBackground and Objective: The purpose of this paper is simulationg of gasification and steam cycle of Tehran waste power plant in order to achieve and identify the parameters affecting the efficiency and output of power plant. The information obtained through this simul MoreBackground and Objective: The purpose of this paper is simulationg of gasification and steam cycle of Tehran waste power plant in order to achieve and identify the parameters affecting the efficiency and output of power plant. The information obtained through this simulation, in addition to being used to increase the productivity and efficiency of Tehran power plant, can be used as valuable information in other waste power plants of the country should also be employed. Method: By considering the obtained data from Process Flow Diagram, actual operation condition of this plant, the analyses of Tehran’s urban waste and using Aspen plus software as the simulating and modeling tool. The developed simulation model has been validated by using actual operating condition of the plant and also the experimental results of the verified papers. Findings: The result shows that the moisture content and the composition of the inlet MSW have significant impact on the output power of this plant. The findings indicate that a 10% reduction in the moisture content of inlet MSW cause an increase of 30% in output power. Also, by increasing the wood and the green waste in the combination of inlet MSW, the output power will be reduced. Discussion and Conclusion: Generally, MSW has low thermal value due to its high percentage of biological ingredients. Therefore, identifying the factors which are affecting the efficiency and power output of the power plant is essential and important. In this regard, the simulation shows that the high percentage of wood-containing compounds and green waste in the input waste will reduce the output power of this plant. As a result, implementing necessary measures to reduce the amount of moisture content of incoming waste as well as achieving the combination with the least amount of wood and green waste will increase the efficiency and the output power of this plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Laboratory Investigation of Cow Manure and Digested Synergistic with Municipal Organic Solid Waste in Anaerobic Digestion Process for Efficiency Increasing
Leila yousefi Abbas BahriBackground and Objective: Increasing production rate, biogas volume and pressure, methane composition are increased efficiency. The effect of adding a mixture of cow manure (CM) and digested to municipal organic solid waste (MOSW) for increase productivity of process is MoreBackground and Objective: Increasing production rate, biogas volume and pressure, methane composition are increased efficiency. The effect of adding a mixture of cow manure (CM) and digested to municipal organic solid waste (MOSW) for increase productivity of process is considered.Method: Through three steps single MOSW, CM and digested mixing were treated by laboratory setup. Digested and CM mixing effect with MOSW were studied and evaluated by investigating of physical-chemistry properties, feed and digested elemental analysis, and also biogas pressure and volume measuring, AD time and biogas analysis. Findings: Adding mixture of digested and CM with MOSW increases feed dry part and its carbon and nitrogen content. Transformation rate in MOSW co-digestion with digested and CM mixture (3rd step) compare to co-digestion of MOSW with digested (2rd step) and also conversion percent of mentioned quantities derived from 2rd step compare to single digestion of MOSW (1rd step) are increased. Biogas volume and pressure in base on feed mass unit and also biogas relative component, in 3rd step compare to 2rd and also in 2rd step compare to 1rd are increased.Discussion and Conclusion: Digested and CM mixing with MOSW not only contributes in increasing the organic part of the feed, but also collaborates in inoculation in process and increases the methane generation. Biogas volume and pressure and also methane production efficiency are increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Management of energy carrier’s consumption and emission of pollutants using the Leap model in Lea Industrial Park of Qazvin province
mohammadsaied mohammadi Seyed Mostafa Khezri Alireza VafaeinejadBackground and Objective: Industrial-economic development in developing countries has created a double need for greater access to energy carriers compared to developed countries. In addition, improving living standards in developing societies in recent decades has led t MoreBackground and Objective: Industrial-economic development in developing countries has created a double need for greater access to energy carriers compared to developed countries. In addition, improving living standards in developing societies in recent decades has led to an increase in the demand for energy carriers for access to greater facilities and amenities. In this study, the effect of applying different policies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and energy savings in Iranian industries has been investigated and evaluated by the energy planning model. Material and Methodology: First the input values of various energy sources such as gas, electricity and fossil fuels in the industrial production process were investigated. Then, the factors affecting the production of greenhouse gases in industries were identified, then the past trend and the current state of Iranian industries and government policies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions as well as the development of new energy efficiency technologies in industry were used to estimate energy demand. In line with this goal, the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in a baseline scenario in accordance with the continuation of the current trend (BAU) in current industries and also to determine the current and future demand of Iranian industries during the years 2019 to 2035 has been studied. Findings: four alternative scenarios of energy saving technologies and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions were considered, including industry development and capacity building, possible increase in fuel and electricity prices, implementation of fuel consumption standards, and use of CHP technologies for a period of 15 years. Therefore, the combined implementation of these two policies will lead to a reduction of 8 million tons of emissions (equivalent to a 13% reduction in emissions) equivalent to total CO2. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that the total CO2 emissions equivalent to the industry will increase from 61 million tons in the baseline scenario to 53 million tons in the 2035 emission reduction scenario. However, due to the implementation of the fuel change policy, the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions has been reduced to 58 million tons (equivalent to 4.9% reduction) and also the implementation of energy efficiency policy has led to the emission of 55 million tons (equivalent to 9.8% reduction) equivalent CO2 will run until 2035. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Investigation of Environmental Kuznets Curve for N2O Gas Emissions in Iran by ARDL Model
Mehdi Sadeghi Shahdani Aliakbar Mohammadi Samchouli Mohammad Javad Rastegari KoupaeiBackground and Objective: Climate change, such as the increase in hazardous N2O greenhouse gas, is always associated with various economic and developmental consequences. The environmental Kuznets curve indicates that the increase in greenhouse gases emissions until a c MoreBackground and Objective: Climate change, such as the increase in hazardous N2O greenhouse gas, is always associated with various economic and developmental consequences. The environmental Kuznets curve indicates that the increase in greenhouse gases emissions until a country's development is directly related to that country's level of production and inversely related after development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental Kuznets curve for N2O greenhouse gas emissions in Iran. Material and Methodology: The method of answering this problem is quantitative and through econometric analysis of time series data in the period 1960 to 2017 and the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) has been used to study and analyze variables. Findings: The results of the dynamic model show us that the area under cultivation has a negative effect and gross domestic product (GDP) and exports have a positive effect on N2O emissions. GDP2 also has a sign opposite to its root, and the inverse quadratic relation is established. As a result, the assumption of the Kuznets curve in Iran isn’t rejected. Discussion and Conclusion: The maximum point of the chart for Iran in terms of GDP per capita will be around $7,500. Therefore, if we go beyond this amount, N2O emissions will decrease. At present, the country's GDP per capita is about $6,900 and we are on the upward trajectory of the Kuznets Curve. As a result, reducing N2O emissions will have a negative impact on Iran's growth. Thus, it isn’t possible to implement some policies to reduce these greenhouse gas emissions without major consequences in various sectors of the economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Hazard Identification and Consequences Analysis of Possible Accidents in the Tank Farm & Flare of the ILAM Gas Refinery by ETBA and PHAST Soft wear
seyed Rohollah sharifi fatemeh RazavianBackground and Objective: The ILAM Gas Refinery, which produces natural gas, ethane, C3+, C5+, and Sulphur, is situated in the west of Iran and in the Central Zagros Range, and thus, examining the consequences of possible industrial accidents considering the probable ef MoreBackground and Objective: The ILAM Gas Refinery, which produces natural gas, ethane, C3+, C5+, and Sulphur, is situated in the west of Iran and in the Central Zagros Range, and thus, examining the consequences of possible industrial accidents considering the probable effects on personnel, equipment, installations, and the environment is of great importance. Method: In this study, the risks related to the storage tanks and flare were identified and prioritized. Then, the consequences of the identified risks for the selected scenarios comprising radiation due to fire, the pressure due to an explosion, and leakage of toxic material were modeled using the Process Hazard Analysis Software Tool (PHAST) for possible accidents. In this study, the ETBA method identified 70 risks, among which seven of them were in the unacceptable range, in which four risks were associated to the spherical storage tanks, loading (two risks), and the cylindrical storage tank and the flare were each assigned one risk. The risk associated with the heat energy of the spherical and cylindrical storage tanks and the flare were significant. Subsequently, the consequences of four scenarios including the sudden release of gas from the spherical storage tank, leakage of gas condensate from the cylindrical tanks, leakage of Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) from the loading arm, and flare-off were selected for simulation. Discussion and Conclusion: In the first scenario, the radiation resulting from fire and the shockwave of the spherical storage tank explosions affected a wide area of the refinery. In the second scenario, leakage of condensate gas from the adjacent wall to the cylindrical storage tanks is of certain significance. In the third scenario, the location of the loading platform is unsuitable. In the fourth scenario, the height of the flares is suitable and the release of toxic and flammable gases does not pose a significant consequence for the installations and people in connection. Reviewing the fire extinguisher systems, constant assessment of the lightning arrestors, and conducting firefighting drills are among the recommendations of this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - CO2 emissions reduction by using local mineral pozzolan as part of cement in concrete with a pollution reduction approach
Mojtaba Rangrazian Rahmat Madandoust Reza Mahjoub Mehdi RaftariBackground and Objective: Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly (CO2). Reducing greenhouse gases and monitoring the environment are important goals of today's mankind. Cement factories are the main producers of greenhouse gases. The main g MoreBackground and Objective: Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly (CO2). Reducing greenhouse gases and monitoring the environment are important goals of today's mankind. Cement factories are the main producers of greenhouse gases. The main goal of this research is to find a material with cement properties (pozzolan) that can be replaced in a part of concrete cement with the aim of reducing cement consumption and reducing CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. The local mineral pozzolan under research has similar properties to world-famous pozzolans and has the relevant standards.Material and Methodology: To find the optimal amount of pozzolan in the concrete, In Sep. 2021, four cases of 5, 10, 15 and 20% by weight was studied and its effect on concrete compressive strength and CO2 emissions and its ability to reduce pollution Environmental was evaluated in comparison with conventional cement concrete. Findings: Experiments showed that the best amount of replacement of this pozzolan to cement in concrete is 15% by weight and increases the strength by 2.4%. Also, this pozzolan emits less CO2 than normal cement concrete equal to 15.20 kg/m3.Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the favorable effects of this pozzolan in strengthening the structure and reducing the consumption of cement in concrete, it can be introduced as a cement-reducing and environmentally friendly material. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Long-term energy planning in industrial towns for the establishment of CHP projects (Lia industrial town case study)
mohammadsaied mohammadi Seyed Mostafa Khezri ali reza vafainezhadBackground and Objective: In recent decades, the improvement of living standards in developing societies has led to an increase in the demand of energy carriers (gas and electricity) in order to access more facilities and welfare. This study has been carried out with th MoreBackground and Objective: In recent decades, the improvement of living standards in developing societies has led to an increase in the demand of energy carriers (gas and electricity) in order to access more facilities and welfare. This study has been carried out with the aim of long-term energy planning in industrial cities for the establishment of CHP[1] projects, reducing energy consumption, using the heat resulting from energy consumption in different parts of production and the effect of different policies to reduce carbon dioxide. Material and Methodology: In line with the implementation of the study, firstly, the input values of different fuels in the industries and the effective factors in the consumption and heat demand in the industries were investigated based on the reference scenario, then the plans of the industries and government policies to reduce fuel consumption and the use of production heat. In line with this goal, the amount of fuel consumed in a base scenario (BAU)[2] in the existing industries in Leya industrial town (Qazvin province) was investigated during the years 2016 to 2019. Findings: The current and future productions in the country's industries and the investigation of energy consumption and usable heat generation during the use of fuel in the country's industries were determined by the LEAP[3] model in the base scenario. Then, the alternative methods of energy saving and the use of produced heat and the use of CHP technologies have been investigated for a period of 15 years. In 1414, about 30% of electricity and heat consumption is provided by CHP. Due to the replacement of CHP systems, the consumption of natural gas in the industrial sector will increase by 3% and the price of crude oil and petroleum products will decrease. Discussion and conclusion: The result of the simulation in the exploitation of the CHP system resource usage scenario for the next 15 years (1414), by LEAP software, shows that all the primary energy carriers in Lea Industrial City will reach the reference state and in the year 1414 with a reduction of about 30% in domestic electricity consumption from the public electricity network and its production by CHP systems 4- Combined Heat and Power 5- Business as Usual 6- Lang – Rang Energy Alternatives Planning System Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The Impact of Some Effective Factors on Emission of CO2 in Selected Countries of the MENA Region: Panel Quantile Regression Approach
Nooshin Karimi Alavijeh Narges Salehnia Mohammad Taher Ahmadi ShadmehriBackground and Objective: Over the past decades, emissions of pollution and environmental protection have become one of the major concerns of developing countries, because these communities need to use energy to achieve high economic growth and more energy consumption b MoreBackground and Objective: Over the past decades, emissions of pollution and environmental protection have become one of the major concerns of developing countries, because these communities need to use energy to achieve high economic growth and more energy consumption brings more environmental pollution. Investigating influencing factors on the emission of pollutants, and in particular carbon dioxide gas, can be effective in planning for the control and management of pollutants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of population size, GDP, energy intensity and urbanization on carbon dioxide emissions in selected countries of the Mena region during the years 2000-2017. Material and Methodology: Factors affecting the emission of CO2 in selected countries of the MENA region have been investigated using Panel Quantile Regression model. Important feature of this model is the estimation of independent variables in different quantiles and their effect on the dependent variable, which greatly increases the accuracy of the estimate and the result of the estimate in each quantile can be seen separately. Findings: Research findings show that population size except for quantiles of 0.05 and 0.1 has a positive and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. The energy intensity and GDP at all quantiles have a positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions. The relationship between urbanization and carbon dioxide is negative at all quantiles except 0.95 and only in 0.05, 0.1, 0.7 and 0.8 quantiles is significant. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, given that GDP has the greatest impact on carbon dioxide emissions, it is recommended that by upgrading production technologies, preparation renewable energy infrastructure and issuing permits to enter less polluting industries into the countries studied, create the conditions that economic growth due to the increase in GDP to be accompanied by the lowest emissions of pollutants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Investigation and evaluation of methane production using standard mathematical models by municipal solid waste
Seyed Ali Asghar Shariat Hosseini Kazem Bashirnezhad Peyman Bashi ShahabiBackground and Objective: Due to the increasing use of biomass technologies, especially methane gas produced from the decomposition of organic matter in municipal solid waste and its use as a source of energy production, and the importance of methods used in estimating MoreBackground and Objective: Due to the increasing use of biomass technologies, especially methane gas produced from the decomposition of organic matter in municipal solid waste and its use as a source of energy production, and the importance of methods used in estimating methane gas and Energy production, a study based on the use of mathematical models to estimate the methane gas produced at the Mashhad landfill. Material and Methodology: This research was conducted in 1398 in Mashhad. The method used in this study is based on the use of IPCC mathematical models developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Findings: According to mass balance and stoichiometric calculations performed for two categories of fast biodegradable and slow biodegradable materials, about 53.89% of the total landfill gases are methane and 46.11% are carbon dioxide. According to the calculations, the potential for methane production capacity is 115.33 cubic meters of methane per megagram of waste and the methane production rate is 0.021 per year. The data were analyzed in Landgem software. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results obtained in 1414, the maximum volumetric flow of methane produced is 2.6×107 cubic meters per year. Also, the high and low thermal values of landfill gas are 21.484 and 19.361 megajoules per cubic meter, respectively. In case of direct use of landfill gas in power generators, in 1414, the highest net output power with high and low thermal value of landfill gas can be obtained 11503.633 kw and 10366.83 kw, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Analysis of Ecological Carbon Footprint Resulting from Gasoline and Diesel Consumption in the Transportation Sector of Bandar Abbas
masoomeh shahnoori Rokhshad Hejazi Seyed Ali Jozi Seyed Mohammad Shobeiri Yousefali ZiariBackground and Objective: There is a disproportionate increase in the use of non-renewable fuel sources such as fossil fuels. Under such circumstances, a large amount of these fuels are consumed undesirable and wasted. The aim of this study is to determine the carbon fo MoreBackground and Objective: There is a disproportionate increase in the use of non-renewable fuel sources such as fossil fuels. Under such circumstances, a large amount of these fuels are consumed undesirable and wasted. The aim of this study is to determine the carbon footprint of gasoline and diesel consumption during 2016 in transportation sector in Bandar Abbas. Material and Methodology: Initially, the per capita fuel consumption of gasoline and diesel in the transportation sector in Bandar Abbas was estimated for one year. Fuel consumption in all vehicles was obtained through the energy balance sheet for 2016. Gasoline and diesel consumption in the transportation sector was measured in hectares of land needed to compensate for the pollution caused by it. After obtaining the ecological footprint, the required amount of forest land was multiplied by the equilibrium coefficient (1.26). Findings: One-year consumption of gasoline was 448.36 million liters and diesel consumption was 351.8 million liters. Carbon released from gasoline consumption is 286,496 and Carbon released from diesel consumption is equal to 257,193 tons. One hectare of forest land is needed to absorb every 1.8 tons of carbon Ecological footprint of gasoline consumption is 200,549 and per capita is 0.295 global hectares and ecological footprint of diesel consumption of Bandar Abbas population at the rate of 180,035 and per capita 0.265 global hectares. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the population of the city and its size, 1.488 hectares of land is allocated to each resident of the city. Land consumption of Bandar Abbas residents is 0.2 times more than the area of the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Preparation of a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) plan for wood &Paper Iran Industry utilizing Proporm software within PIN forms formatting
Kobra Verij Kazemi Abdolreza Karbassi Parvin Nasiri Mohammad Sadegh SekhavatjouBackground and Objective: Undoubtely, concentration of green house gases increased in the atmosphere, so this caused an increasing in the earth temperature average.The best way in reducing of green house gases is the implement optimization of consuming energy and renewa MoreBackground and Objective: Undoubtely, concentration of green house gases increased in the atmosphere, so this caused an increasing in the earth temperature average.The best way in reducing of green house gases is the implement optimization of consuming energy and renewable energy and so Clean Development Mechanism. Method: This study implements perform software to consider five scenarios for the wood exploited in Iran Wood& Paper Industry. Essential economic analysis has been performed and efficiency of the optimization proceedings in diminishing greenhouse gasses has been evaluated. Also PIN reports regarding to this industry have been prepared. Findings:Results show that by replacing boilers currently in use with boilers with higher efficiency, an approximate 6360*1012 Joules saving in energy consumption in project’s 12year duration would be attained. During the same period, emission of greenhouse gases would decrease about 360 kilo tons, which is equivalent to a 30 kilo tons reduction per year. Discussion and Conclution: by Considering project’s investment requirement of 385 thousand dollars and its 13 year outcome of diminishing 360 kilo tons of greenhouse gas emission. Reduction amid low expenditures should support such projects so it could sell its supplemental. Coupons for 35 to 45 dollars per each ton of carbon dioxide in global markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Application of Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE) Technique for the Treatment of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils
Saeid Gitipour Emad Sanati Farvash Hadi Tarebari Mahmoodreza Abdi Alireza Gitipour Saeid HeidariAbstract Background and Objective: In recent years, production and use of petroleum products, such as gasoline, have been increasing. This increase is followed by numerous ecological consequences. Among them, the most important ecological effects of using gasoline MoreAbstract Background and Objective: In recent years, production and use of petroleum products, such as gasoline, have been increasing. This increase is followed by numerous ecological consequences. Among them, the most important ecological effects of using gasoline is contamination of soils at refineries and gas stations. Hazards of gasoline leakage into the soil and its migration to groundwater could be attributed to the existence of BTEX compounds, which are the main constituents of gasoline with high toxicity and volatility values. Method: In this study, the removal of BTEX contaminants from soil samples contaminated with gasoline has been investigated using Soil Vapor Extraction technique. The treatment tests were conducted at 3 time intervals of 4, 8 and 12 hours and 3 different temperatures of 20, 40 and 60°C. Results: The results of tests indicate the high suitability of SEV technique showung %99 removal efficiency for BTEX compounds from soil samples. Moreover, the results of the analysis present that the removal of contaminants an inverse relation with their boiling points in this techniques. Also, raising the temperature of the samples from 20°C to 40°C and from 40°C to 60°C during 12 hours increased the removal efficiencies of BTEX compounds by %10 and %26, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that SVE technique for the removal of aromatic organic compound from soil is an efficient technique which can lead to high efficiency for the removal of such contaminats from soil, if implented properly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The Feasibility of Using EBDS to Control the Pollutants of Industrial Plants and to Remove SO2 and NOx
Davood Kahforoushan Jafar Soltanmohammad zadeh Esmaeil FatehifarThe emission of the flue gases from industrial units affects the ambient air quality. These pollutants have a strong impact on humans’ health and environment, and therefore should be removed. The Electron-Beam method is an effective and economical way for simultan MoreThe emission of the flue gases from industrial units affects the ambient air quality. These pollutants have a strong impact on humans’ health and environment, and therefore should be removed. The Electron-Beam method is an effective and economical way for simultaneous removal of pollutants, and could be an alternative for conventional methods. In this paper, the technical and economic considerations for the removal of SO2 and NOx as well as the application of this technology in related industries are studied. The results show that the EB method presents many economic and technical advantages compared with the conventional methods. This method could be a very effective way for the control of air pollutants in industrial units. Moreover, if the energy costs for EB are reduced, it can be used in less developed countries Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Application of GMDH and genetic algorithm in fraction in biogas from landfill modeling
Mohammad Javad Zoqi Mohammad Ghamgosar Mohammad Ghamgosar Saeed FallahiBackground and Objective: In this study, The Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) type neural networks whit genetic algorithm was applied to estimate the methane fraction in landfill gas originating from Lab-scale landfill bioreactors. In this study, to predict the meth MoreBackground and Objective: In this study, The Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) type neural networks whit genetic algorithm was applied to estimate the methane fraction in landfill gas originating from Lab-scale landfill bioreactors. In this study, to predict the methane fraction in landfill gas as a final product of anaerobic digestion, we used input parameters such as pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand, NH4+-N and waste temperature. Method: To this Purpose, two different systems were applied for neural network’s data obtained. In system I (C1), the leachate generated from a fresh-waste reactor was drained to recirculation tank, and recycled every two days. In System II (C2), the leachate generated from a fresh waste landfill reactor was fed through a well-decomposed refuse landfill reactor, and at the same time, the leachate generated from a well-decomposed refuse landfill reactor recycled to a fresh waste landfill reactor. leachate and landfill gas components were monitored for 132 days. Findings: The study results indicate that GMDH is able to predict the methane fraction in landfill gas. The correlation between the observed and predicted values for the training data is 0.98 and for the testing data, it is 0.99. Discussion and Conclusion: The proposed method can significantly predict the methane fraction in landfill gas originating and, consequently, GMDH can be use to optimize the dimensions of a plant using biogas for energy (i.e. heat and/or electricity) recovery and monitoring system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Classifying Gas Companies for HSE Performance Using MADM Technique
Nabiollah Mansouri Shabnam Azimi HosseiniIntroduction: Oil and gas industry with respect to the quality and quantity of raw materials,intermediate and final products, as well as having three properties of high complexity , low flexibilityand high vulnerability are critical industries and occurrence of an event MoreIntroduction: Oil and gas industry with respect to the quality and quantity of raw materials,intermediate and final products, as well as having three properties of high complexity , low flexibilityand high vulnerability are critical industries and occurrence of an event in aspects of human,environmental and economic can be disaster. The overall benefits of this research could be defined asassessing the HSE performance quantitatively based on the multi attributes decision making method inorder to create a motivation for different gas companies to make them improve themselves.Material and method: This work started with observing the processes of the sites of 4 groups ofcompanies in the Iran National Gas Company namely: Provincial Gas, Development & Engineering,Gas Distribution and Refinery, gathering and classifying the effective parameters on HSEmanagement system along with hard-work parameters too. Then the data was analyzed with TOPSISmethod.Results: Analyzing gathered data and indexes by TOPSIS was resulted to ranking the studiedcompanies as follow: with the final score of 0.74, 0.55, 0.40 and 0.19 from 1 respectively.Conclusion: In this study to compare the performance of the gas companies, 29 indicators (23 HSEindicators, and 6 indicators of hard work) were developed and TOPSIS method were used to rankmentioned companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - The Presentation of Environmental Risk Assessment Pattern for Gas Pipeline Project by Using of Indexing System and AHP Methods (Case Study: Transportation Pipelines 24 inches, Tasuj-Salmas Project)
Sahar Rezaian Mahdi Irankhahi Seyed Ali JoziGas transportation pipelines production plans, unlike technical and economical justification in the fieldof energy supplying for societies, by having danger on environment, needs the continuous studies ofassessment and environmental risk management in manufacturing and MoreGas transportation pipelines production plans, unlike technical and economical justification in the fieldof energy supplying for societies, by having danger on environment, needs the continuous studies ofassessment and environmental risk management in manufacturing and benefiting stage. In this study,for purpose of environmental risk assessment for gas transportation pipelines the indexing systemmethod and Analytical Hierarchy Process were combined. Indexing System is a compulsive andapplicable method that was based at the basis of characterizing index effect and ranking. By using thismethod, we can classify, quantify and prefering types of environmental risk in pipelines according tothe determined criteria’s and typical. In the mentioned method, typical of dangers, show the possibilityof danger occurrence and effects of typical show the effect intensity. Final grade for environmentalrisk in this method produce via possibility of danger occurrence multiply with effect intensity.According to that efficiency scale for whole of criteria are not equal in the final level of risk.In addition for the purpose of weighting the criteria’s, the Analytical Hierarchy Process was used andfor the purpose of weighting the digital layers of information related to the criteria Ordered WeightAnalysis method was used. For the purpose of examination results of this research, environmental riskassessment of gas transportation pipelines 24 inches for Tasuj-Salmas with approximate length about42 kilometer as a case study was exerted. Via usage of Geographic Information Systems abilities, theidentified risks and risk zonation in the path of pipelines were considered. Results showed that 46% ofgas pipeline path of Tasuj-Salmas, has a high risk level (5467- 6054 grade), 48% of it, has a mediumrisk level (6055- 6641 grade), 2% of it, has a low level of risk (6642-7228 grade) and 4% of it, has alittle risk (7228< grade). Adjacency of southern zone of pipelines path with Orumieh lake nationalpark, is an important ecological sensitivity that is under investigation. 15 kilometer of pipeline path(kilometer 18+220 to 33+220) is aligned with 5 kilometer of biosphere reserved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Identification of lichens around Sarcheshme copper plant and investigation of the effect of pollutants from plant on their cover and density
Sahar Lotfian Ali Ahmadi Moghadam Ali Asghar MasoumiBackground and Objective: SO2 and other pollutants have negative effects on the environment. Activity of Sarcheshme copper plant releases high amount of gases into the environment from reflective and converter furnaces per hour. These cases reflective and converter furn MoreBackground and Objective: SO2 and other pollutants have negative effects on the environment. Activity of Sarcheshme copper plant releases high amount of gases into the environment from reflective and converter furnaces per hour. These cases reflective and converter furnaces contain 2.6% and 4.8% SO2, respectively. This study was conducted to examine the impact of these gases on the lichen flora. Method: For this purpose, lichen samples from 35 stations on a 5 km radius around the furnaces and according to the pattern of SO2 dispersion in three main directions were collected and identified. Cover and density of lichens were also measured. Results: Identification of lichens showed that twenty five species and genera were new for Kerman and were reported for the first time. Results of measuring and comparing density and cover of lichens showed that in the north-east direction, where the highest SO2 pollution was measured, density and cover of lichens were less than other sites. The density and cover were affected in the west and south-east directions respectively. Density and cover in the control station with the similar ecological conditions but no pollution in the air were at higher level as compared to other stations. Conclusion: According to the results, it was determined that density and cover of lichens were affected by environmental pollutants. Generally it can be concluded tha lichen species in areas with high SO2 levels will be lower, due to the mortality and destruction of sensitive species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Ambient Air Of Concentration Unit of Sar-Cheshmeh Copper Complex
Ali Faghihi-Zarandi Mohammad Reza AkhgarIntroduction: Air pollutants including gases, vapors and particles, are emitted from different sources. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the most important pollutants in the ambient air of industries. The present study was carried out to identify and measurement of MoreIntroduction: Air pollutants including gases, vapors and particles, are emitted from different sources. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the most important pollutants in the ambient air of industries. The present study was carried out to identify and measurement of volatile organic compounds in concentration unit of Sar-Cheshmeh Copper Complex. Material and Methods: In this study, sampling of the volatile organic compounds was done by using activated charcoal tube. To identify and measure these compounds gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) were used. Results: Thirteen volatile organic compounds were identified in the ambient air of concentration unit. Among these compounds, the mean value and maximum concentration of isopropyl alcohol and nonane were 255, 640 μg/m3 and 1577, 14400 μg/m3, respectively. Conclusion: By using SPSS software and independent sample t- test, showed that there were no significant difference between mean value concentration of isopropyl alcohol and nonane in the ambient air and TLV values of these compounds (isopropyl alcohol; 200 ppm and nonane; 200 ppm) (P >0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Application of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) for GHGs Emission Reduction in Haft Tappeh Sugarcane Factory
Elham Kazemi Farideh Atabi Nematollah Khorasani Seyed Mohammadreza HeibatiBackground and Objective: Energy consumption in food industries is high and increasing due to the growing population, inadequacy of cultivating farms, and life condition improvement. This growing consumption is a threat to the environment and human’s health. Sugar MoreBackground and Objective: Energy consumption in food industries is high and increasing due to the growing population, inadequacy of cultivating farms, and life condition improvement. This growing consumption is a threat to the environment and human’s health. Sugarcane industries are considered as high consuming industries which have a tangible impact on the environment and emission of greenhouse gases. Sugarcane industrial energy consumption share among other industries is 4.3% and more than 70% in total energy of food industry consumption. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of CMD application on the reduction of fossil fuel energy consumption and GHGs emission reduction in Haft Tappeh Sugarcane Factory. Method: The results of the factory energy auditing indicated that one of the proper methods to benefit from CMD is to replace the old boiler which has low efficiency with a new boiler. Pre-feasibility assessment of the environmental and economical aspects of implementing the project has been calculated using “Proform” software. It ran through three scenarios assuming the investment, installation, and maintenance costs; the new boiler consumption rate with higher efficiency and cost-effectiveness of replacing the new system with the old one having lower efficiency. Calculation was based on carbon credit value in global market. Results: As results show in case if scenario C is applied, the Net Present Value (NPV) will equal 21,000,000 dollars and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) will become 39.18%. Carbon credit was considered 20 dollars based on the reduction of CO2 equivalent which was calculated by carbon supply and demand market for CERs of CDM projects that are sold and purchased in carbon exchange market. IRR is higher than 16% discount rate; consequently, it proves that implementing such a project is cost-effective. Provided that the new high efficient boiler is used, the emission of CO2 equivalent during implementing the project-25 years- will reduce to 763,353 ton equal to CO2 equivalent; furthermore, 13,607,000 GJ is saved on consumption of natural gas. Conclusion: Considering the boilers with high energy consumption and low efficiency in this factory, the replacement of old boiler with the new one through CDM project is cost effective Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Production of Metallic Catalyst Converter
Morteza Amrouni Hoseini Mani Azadmand Kaveh ArzaniIn present research in order to reduce emitted pollutant gases from vehicles, design and production ofmetallic catalyst converter have been studied. The specimens are adjustable on different engines withdifferent capacity. For this purpose the following steps were carri MoreIn present research in order to reduce emitted pollutant gases from vehicles, design and production ofmetallic catalyst converter have been studied. The specimens are adjustable on different engines withdifferent capacity. For this purpose the following steps were carried out:The first step is preparation of α- 4 sheet consists of annealing, forming and making monolith. Thesecond step contains providing wash coat and catalyst metals and coating them on washed coatedmonolith. The last step is canning of catalyst converter. After accomplishing above steps, requiredtests have been done as below:Measurement of emitted pollutants from vehicles, stability of catalyst converter in vehicle (road test)and finally measurement of amount of fuel consumption of vehicles with different used catalystconverters in them.Results of these tests showed that emission of CO was equivalent with Euro3 standard and NOXemission was equivalent to Euro4 standard and NOX + HC emission was equivalent with Euro3standard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Investigation on Social Benefits of Substitution of Gasoline with CNG in Tehrans Taxis
Zahra Abedi Farideh i Atab Mohammad SoofiEnvironmental pollution in metropolitans due to rapid growth of using gasoline as the main fuel in transportation sector has become one of the most important problem in national level, so substituting clean fuels in this sector could be one of the most effective options MoreEnvironmental pollution in metropolitans due to rapid growth of using gasoline as the main fuel in transportation sector has become one of the most important problem in national level, so substituting clean fuels in this sector could be one of the most effective options. The main question which this research is going to answer is the beneficiary (non-beneficiary) of converting Tehrans taxis from gasoline to Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in order to decrease social costs that should be interpreted as increasing social benefits factor. In this article, after reviewing the current concepts and principles of social costs and their measuring methods, social benefits of substituting gasoline with CNG are evaluated. Considering the existing figures, reduced social costs as a result of this substitution are calculated. The results of this research suggests that substituting gasoline with CNG in Tehrans taxis reduces the social costs of using gasoline (about 63.8 Million US $). As a matter of fact this substitution increases the social benefits equivalent at mentioned figure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Establishment of a CNG Station and its Economic Savings in Reduction of Air Pollutions Adverse Health Effects in Comparison to a Gasoline Station in Tehran
Farideh Atabi Kamran Mahootchi Saeed Zahra AbediNatural gas as an environmentally friendly fuel will have the highest growth rate among energy carriers in the first two decades of this century which is an indication of its ever increasing s~i·re in global consumption of energy sources. & MoreNatural gas as an environmentally friendly fuel will have the highest growth rate among energy carriers in the first two decades of this century which is an indication of its ever increasing s~i·re in global consumption of energy sources. ~_~ The present study utilizes the most recent statistics and data about air pollution and fuel price to estimate the amount of saving that can be attained through the establishment of a single- purposed CNG station having 4 dispensers and consuming 10.512.000 cubic meters ofCNG annually. Thus, the economic losses of pollutants emissions from I cubic meter of CNG and I liter of gasoline were calculated. Finally, by considering the annual revenue of a CNG station, the total monetary saving through the consumption of gas in comparison to the equal amounts of gasoline (per kilometer) was calculated. The results indicate that the total savings for each single-purpose CNG station is about 26.088.303.168 Rials. The cumulative savings from a chain ofCNG stations will be remarkable and in long term it will have huge paybacks including air pollution reduction, public health improvement, gasoline and diesel consumption decrease, reduction in foreign currency expenditures, self sufficiency in use of modem technologies and preservation of petroleum resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Hazards of Tunnel Excavation in H2S-bearing Grounds: (Case study of Aspar Tunnel)
Hossein Mirmehrabi Mohammad Ghafoori Gholamreza Lashkaripour Jafar HassanpourAbstractIntroduction: Encountering hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) during excavation is one of the important engineering,geological and environmental hazards during the tunnelling. Tackling this hazard and solving its challengessolving are very difficult and costly. During i MoreAbstractIntroduction: Encountering hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) during excavation is one of the important engineering,geological and environmental hazards during the tunnelling. Tackling this hazard and solving its challengessolving are very difficult and costly. During investigation of the situation, one of the main tasks is prediction orevaluation of the risk of H2S gas and selection of the best methods to tackle its engineering and environmentalproblems. In this study, water conveyance tunnel of Aspar excavated in H2S bearing environment is discussed.This tunnel is excavated in the hydrocarbon formations. In this paper, hazards, characteristics, safety regulations,and geological sources of H2S as well as the methods to decrease the risks and problems in excavation of thetunnel are presented in brief.Methods: In order to determine the source of gas and to select the best methods to mitigate its hazards andproblems, in addition to investigation of the same experiences, concentration of various gases was recorded byfixed stations on the machine and by mobile sensors at the beginning, midpoint and end of each working shift.Moreover, sampling of the polluted air and water was implemented. The samples were sent to a specificlaboratory for chemical analysis. At the same time, concentration of the gas in the air and water of the tunnel wasmeasured.Results: Experiments raleted to the tunnel showed that the gas caused an unacceptable condition for workers.For predicting the risk of H2S gas in underground spaces, it is possible to use some evidences such as sulfursprings, organic traces, organic shales, exposure of H2S odor from fresh surface of rock, and smelling of H2Sduring boreholes drilling. Results of the analysis show that the gas enters the tunnel along with water,dominantly. Also considerable amount of the gas is released to the air at the beginning. According to theinvestigations, the source of the gas is relevant to hydrocarbon formations inthe area.Conclusion: Geological formations related to hydrocarbon resources are very important in the formation andreservation of H2S gas. Since the gas is in solution form and is emitted promptly, controlling the inflow ofgroundwater into the excavation, diluting the concentration of H2S and training the workers are a series ofmethods used to decrease the risks and problems associated with tunnel excavation in an H2S-bearingenvironment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Evaluation of municipal solid waste final disposal scenarios through life cycle assessment and analytic hierarchy process methods (Case study: Tehran)
Somayeh Khan Pouraghdam Mehdi Ghanbarzadeh Lak Mehrdad Mohtadi Mohammad Reza Sabour Background and Objective: An integrated model of life cycle assessment and hierarchical analysis was developed to determine the best practical method for municipal solid waste disposal. The model used for environmental and technical assessments of scenarios inclu More Background and Objective: An integrated model of life cycle assessment and hierarchical analysis was developed to determine the best practical method for municipal solid waste disposal. The model used for environmental and technical assessments of scenarios included (A) landfilling of wastes without energy extraction; (B) waste incineration with energy recovery and ash burial; and (C) production of compost from the organic components and landfilling other wastes. Method: In order to conduct environmental assessments, the amount of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) was estimated by life cycle of the disposal method. Technical evaluations were carried out based on the hierarchical analysis method and a survey of experts. In order to analyze the results of the proposed model, Tehran city in Iran was selected as a case study. Findings: The highest greenhouse gas emissions occurred in scenario A, and the lowest was associated with scenario B. Maximum discounts on emissions from burning putrescible wastes, paper and cardboards were obtained in scenario B. In contrast, landfilling of such wastes in scenarios A and C was the main source of methane production. Although the incineration of plastic wastes might lead to more energy extraction in scenario B, the generation of non-biological CO2 had an incremental effect on GHG emissions. Scenarios A and C had a relatively high superiority over scenario B from the perspective of most technical criteria, but the probability of leachate in these scenarios reduced their technical advantages. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the combination of evaluations, the method of landfilling without energy extraction is the most inappropriate option, and waste incineration with energy extraction leads to the lowest greenhouse gas emissions and is technically acceptable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Investigation on Social Benefits of Substitution of Gasoline with CNG in Tehrans Taxis
Zahra Abedi Farideh Atabi Mohammad SoofiEnvironmental pollution in metropolitans due to rapid growth of using gasoline as the main fuel in transportation sector has become one of the most important problem in national level, so substituting clean fuels in this sector could be one of the most effective options MoreEnvironmental pollution in metropolitans due to rapid growth of using gasoline as the main fuel in transportation sector has become one of the most important problem in national level, so substituting clean fuels in this sector could be one of the most effective options. The main question which this research is going to answer is the beneficiary (non-beneficiary) of converting Tehrans taxis from gasoline to Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in order to decrease social costs that should be interpreted as increasing social benefits factor. In this article, after reviewing the current concepts and principles of social costs and their measuring methods, social benefits of substituting gasoline with CNG are evaluated. Considering the existing figures, reduced social costs as a result of this substitution are calculated. The results of this research suggests that substituting gasoline with CNG in Tehrans taxis reduces the social costs of using gasoline (about 63.8 Million US $). As a matter of fact this substitution increases the social benefits equivalent at mentioned figure Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Application of nonparametric method for optimization of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission in wheat production
Morteza Taki Yahya Ajabshirchi Ahmad GhobadifarBackground and Objective: Nowadays, increase of energy consumption in agricultural section has lead to some environmental problems and increase of final costs. In this study, the non-parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to estimate the energy eff MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, increase of energy consumption in agricultural section has lead to some environmental problems and increase of final costs. In this study, the non-parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to estimate the energy efficiency and greenhose gas emission in the irrigated wheat farms in Silakhor plain of Lorestan province. Method: Data were collected through both questionnaire and interwiew surveys using 150 farmers. Results showed that the energy consumption for 0.1 up to 2, 2.1 up to 5 and over 5 hectares were 22134, 24128 and 25078 MJ/ha respectively, and the sum of grain, fertilizer and pesticides had the highest share of energy consumption in all levels. The results of DEA showed that technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies in the third level were 88, 93 and 94%and higher than the same amounts obtained in other levels. Results: Energy saving ratios in these levels were 6.83, 8.11 and 6.54 respectively. This indicates that 1512, 1957 and 1640 MJ/ha of total input energy can be saved, if the mentioned method is used. The results of greenhouse gas emission showed that diesel fuel has the highest share in the environmental pollutants. Optimization of energy consumption can totally decrease 6516.67 kg CO2 produced in wheat production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Investigation on Regulations and Commitments of the Climate Change Convention and Assessment of their Implementation in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Farideh Atabi Mehrdad Nazemi Amir Abbas Sedighi Narmin TavakoliClimate change has been one of the main concerns of societies in the world during the last two decades. Hence, the international community has taken some measures to solve this problem. Such measures include developments of the UN Framework Convention on the Climate Cha MoreClimate change has been one of the main concerns of societies in the world during the last two decades. Hence, the international community has taken some measures to solve this problem. Such measures include developments of the UN Framework Convention on the Climate Change (UNFCCC) to maintain the current concentration levels of the green house gases in the atmosphere in order to minimize the anthropogenic impacts on the climate. The convention has envisioned common but different responsibilities for all parties. Iran is also a party to the Convention and has developed the Empowerment Plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran to meet its commitments with financial support of the Global Environmental Facilities (GEF) and the UNDP Office located in the Department of the Environment in Iran. In the present study, after reviewing climate change and green house phenomenon, the steps to form the UNFCCC, its goals and the commitments of member countries towards the Convention as well as its status in Iran, have been investigate. Although Iran has honored most of its commitments, the major drawbacks are weak regulations, lack of research and mismanagement of activities. The inadequate coordination amongst different sections of Iran and ineffective environmental laws are the major challenges to the implementation of the Climate Change Convention in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Investigation on the factors for site selection of solid waste transfer stations for 22nd district of Tehran municipally considering environmental issue, air and waste leachate
Qasmly Omrani Amir Hossein Javid Elham RamezanaliThe development of urban communities, growth of urbanism, emergence of metropolises, and subsequent increase in the volume of residues and municipal wastes, besides adding to numerous urban problems, pose serious threats to the environment and peoples health which, toge MoreThe development of urban communities, growth of urbanism, emergence of metropolises, and subsequent increase in the volume of residues and municipal wastes, besides adding to numerous urban problems, pose serious threats to the environment and peoples health which, together with the need for transfer stations for temporary accumulation of wastes, has drawn world attention to this issue. The usage of waste transfer stations is recommended in order to improve and enhance solid wastes transportation system. Most cities posses waste transfer stations, however, it should be mentioned that potential effects of wastes on individuals health and safety are still unclear. Proper site selection, design, and operation of equipments lead into the appropriate management of waste transfer stations so that health, safety, and welfare of society as well as the absence of adverse environmental impacts could be ensured. The purpose of this study is to investigate environmental aspects and sanitary conditions of waste transfer stations in terms of the volume of generated leachate around the stations and emission of unfavorable odors and polluted gases during the operation of stations located at residential areas. To accomplish these goals, sampling and some measurements were carried out at each station in the first step. Investigations showed the lack of health facilities, appropriate accommodation for workers, personal protective equipments, and proper physical conditions in 90% of stations. The obtained results indicate that the level of leachate-induced pollution at the bottom of stations, which ultimately escapes to soil and water resources, is significantly higher than standards recommended by Department of Environment (DOE). Septic tank leachate sampling showed that BOD and COD level of the studied station was 49700 and 31800 mg/l, respectively which, in all cases, are higher than sewage effluent standards. In addition, the amount of particles measured at the eastern side of the station was 153 and 753 microgram/m3 which are higher than air pollutants standards. The level of pollutant gases of NH3 and H2S9NH3 is zero or insignificant. Investigations revealed that the station has septic leachate collection system and its effluent enters absorbing wells. Furthermore, rinsing of waste transporting vehicles leads into flow of polluted water at the station and then, entering absorbing wells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Evaluation and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in drilling wastes (Case study: Southern Azadegan Oil Field)
Mahdis Mirzatahermostofi Azamosadat Hosseini HashemiBackground and Objective: Contamination made by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is one of the most common contaminations in oil-rich regions of Khuzestan province. The main purpose of this study was to investigatate the amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dr MoreBackground and Objective: Contamination made by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is one of the most common contaminations in oil-rich regions of Khuzestan province. The main purpose of this study was to investigatate the amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in drilling mud wastes ofSouthern Azadegan Oil Field. Drilling muds samples were taken from six drilling oil rigs and also a control soil sample was collected in two seasons of winter and spring, 2015. Method: Samples were homogenized after they were collected and transported to the laboratory and PAHs in them were extracted. Then 16 compounds of PAHs were measured by meansof GC-MS. Furthermore, the amounts of pH, EC, organic material and grading of mud were measured. Findings: The results showed that the amount of PAHs in drilling mud collected from the stations Pad 69, Pad 20, Pad 78, Pad 15, Pad 56 and Pad 51 were respectively 284/51, 866/03, 358/59, 299/84, 612/93 and 386/47in the winter and 317/54, 1209/92, 427/61, 491/48, 750/73 and 602/38 mg/kg dried-form weight in the spring.The results collected based on molecular ratio showed that PAHs in all stations contain a mixture of payerolitic and pethrogenic sources. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from all stations, compounds such as benzo (b) fluorantene, benzo (k) fluorantene and dibenzo (ah) antheracene were found to be exceeding the standard limits mentioned in Canadian Soil Quality and also control soil sample showed no pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Application of New Technologies for Flare Gas Reduction in Iran, an Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis
Zeinab Kasraei Ameneh Haji HeidariBackground and Objective: The large volumes of flared gas in Iran, leads to waste of energy reserves, loss of potential income and significant environmental pollution. In order to avoid gas flaring, the use of new technologies is necessary, in Iran as the world’s MoreBackground and Objective: The large volumes of flared gas in Iran, leads to waste of energy reserves, loss of potential income and significant environmental pollution. In order to avoid gas flaring, the use of new technologies is necessary, in Iran as the world’s third gas flaring country. Method: In this paper, an overview of new gas technologies has been provided and the cost-benefit analysis of utilizing gas to liquids technology has been conducted on flare gas in exploited‎ phases of “South-Pars” gas field refineries using COMFAR III software. Findings: The results show that application of gas to liquids technology in Iran for this purpose is economically justified with high net present value (NPV) and considerable internal rate of return (IRR) as the economic evaluation criteria. Discussion and Conclusion: Since environmental effects, social costs of pollutions and benefits of emissions reduction are included in environmental cost-benefit Analysis, valuation of the project has been also done considering the mentioned factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Removal of Nickel (II) from Wastewater and Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbon from Brown Alga Sargassum SP.
akbar esmaeili samira ghasemi pari beirami abdolhossein rostaeiyan farnaz rafieiIn this work, the batch removal of Ni ions from aqueous solution and wastewater using marine brown alga Sargassum was investigated. Activated carbon, prepared from Sargassum by acid decomposition, was also used for the removal of Ni from aqueous solution and waste MoreIn this work, the batch removal of Ni ions from aqueous solution and wastewater using marine brown alga Sargassum was investigated. Activated carbon, prepared from Sargassum by acid decomposition, was also used for the removal of Ni from aqueous solution and wastewater. The effects of pH, biosorption time, adsorbent dose, metal ions concentration were considered. The most effective pH was found to be 5.0. The maximum uptake rates for nickel with initial concentrations of 30, 50 and 70 mg/L were obtained to be 97.8% , 84.53% and 60.34% respectively at pH=5. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to isotherm models. The adsorption followed second order kinetic. This study shows the application of activated carbon as valuable material for the removal of Ni from aqueous solution and wastewater Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Effects of Retention Time and Substrate Type on Biogas and Alkalinity Productions from Anaerobic Digestion of Slaughterhouse Wastes
Amaneh Salimi Shahnaz Danesh Seyed Hadi EbrahimiBackground and Objective: Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse solid wastes, such as rumen contents, is an appropriate treatment option for managing such residues, because of their significant role in reducing the environmental impacts as well as the potential for biog MoreBackground and Objective: Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse solid wastes, such as rumen contents, is an appropriate treatment option for managing such residues, because of their significant role in reducing the environmental impacts as well as the potential for biogas production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of retention time and substrate type on the biogas and alkalinity productions during anaerobic digestion of rumen contents. Method: This study aimed to investigate the effects of retention time and substrate type on biogas and alkalinity productions of slaughterhouse wastes using one liter anaerobic digester with batch flow. Experiments were performed at temperature of 35°C and retention time of 30 days with three types of substrate: cattle rumen contents, sheep rumen contents and their mixture (mixing ratio 1:1) with total solids of 6.5, 9.1 and 8.0%, respectively. Results: Maximum alkalinity was found in the digester containing cattle rumen contents as it increased pH. Thus, the highest cumulative biogas and methane yields obtained for these digesters were 286.1 and 80.7 mL/g VSdegraded respectively. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that in the process of anaerobic digestion of rumen contents (regardless of substrate type and retention time), pH of the reactors can play a major role in biogas and methane productions. Thus, to prevent pH drop and to provide a suitable environment for the growth and activity of microorganisms, addition of an alkaline substance is required. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The study of Tehran gas stations pollution and its effect on the surface water
Amir Hesam Hassani Golnaz Sajadi NaeiniThe issue of non-point pollution sources is among the topics which are studied in the world at the present time. Gas stations are an example of such sources the pollution of which can affect the environment, especially the area around them and in rainy weather. In this MoreThe issue of non-point pollution sources is among the topics which are studied in the world at the present time. Gas stations are an example of such sources the pollution of which can affect the environment, especially the area around them and in rainy weather. In this research, the gas stations located in the city of Tehran were identified. Then, among the city’s 104 gas stations, 9 were selected in the different parts of the city and their contamination level was studied. The tests of pH, EC (Electrical Conductivity), TSS (Total Suspended Solid), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), and TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) were performed in three time periods, from October to February, on the samples of the 9 gas stations. The samples were taken from the surface water channels around the gas stations. The results demonstrated that the areas of gas stations were polluted due to their fuel run-off. The concentration of COD and TSS of the samples were 110 to 1140 mg/lit and 100 to 800 mg/lit, respectively. The amount of TPH detected in the samples was high in flat areas. The maximum contamination level occurred in November (a rainy month). The results also indicated that gas stations played an important role in polluting the surface water around stations and discharging hydrocarbon compounds in the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Investigating the Potential of Biogas and Energy Generation from Biomass Resources in Villages of Iran with Sustainable Development Approach
Maliheh Fallahnejad Tafti Mohammadali Abdoli Farshad Golbabaei KootenaeiAbstract Background and Objective: Energy crisis is the most important crisis threatening mankind. Recently, using biogas has been put under focus due to the problems caused by widespread dependence to oil and scarcity of energy resources. In addition, using biogas as a MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Energy crisis is the most important crisis threatening mankind. Recently, using biogas has been put under focus due to the problems caused by widespread dependence to oil and scarcity of energy resources. In addition, using biogas as a fuel supply can saliently reduce greenhouse gases and consequently reduce global warming. Also, other advantages of biogas generation from biomass resources are waste minimization and sanitary manure generation. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential of biogas and energy production from biomass resources in the villages of Iran with anapproach to supply energy at the consumption place and to reduce transportation costs. Method: In this study, potential of biogas production from cattle refuse is evaluated according to the numbers of cattle existing in Iran villages and determination of cattle refuse quantity. Results: Results show that 11.195 million m3 biogas can be produced from 63 million cattle in villages of Iran. The extractable biogas from rustic biodegradable wastes was also determined. It was found that, annually, 487 million m3 biogas can be produced from 1249000 tons of waste per. Conclusion: Generally, this study revealed that biogas and energy generation from biomass resources in villages of Iran with an approach to supply energy at the consumption place and to reduce transportation costs has economical efficiency and can be as a national strategy for achieving sustainable development Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Production of nano choline stearate soap by surface activators and adding it to gasolin as an emission reduction agent
Arsia Khanfekr Mani Azadmand Morteza Amroni HossainiOxidation and polymerization of olefin and heavy aromatic compounds of gasoline cause precipitation in carburetors, injection systems, and combustion compartments of engines. Imperfect combustion of fuel leads to an increase in the amount of emitted gases (CO, NOX and H MoreOxidation and polymerization of olefin and heavy aromatic compounds of gasoline cause precipitation in carburetors, injection systems, and combustion compartments of engines. Imperfect combustion of fuel leads to an increase in the amount of emitted gases (CO, NOX and HC). To prevent precipitation and reduce the pollution of such engines, choline stearate soap which is synthesized as nano structure, has been studied as a new additive cleaning agent. In this study, the researchers chose a suitable surface activator and by using it, they prepared a permanent emulsion from the nano soap. Then, the emulsion was added to gasoline in different amounts, and the pollution test was carried out for the emitted gases. The results show that applying nano choline stearate as an oxidizing compound with a high cleaning capacity results in an average decrease of 30-50% of the two important pollutants (CO & HC) depending on the type of automobile and the amount of emulsion used in its fuel; however, it does not have any positive effect on an increase or decrease in the amount of NOX. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Biogas Production from Chicken Waste and Sheep Manure in Laboratory Scale
Kobra Salehi Seyed Masoom Khazraee fatemeh sadat Hosseini Farnosh Khosravani Pour MostafazadehBackground and purpose: Biogas is a clean and renewable energy that can be a good alternative to the conventional sources of energy. The purpose of this study is to produce biogas from kitchen waste and sheep manure in laboratory scale. Methods: In this study, biogas pr MoreBackground and purpose: Biogas is a clean and renewable energy that can be a good alternative to the conventional sources of energy. The purpose of this study is to produce biogas from kitchen waste and sheep manure in laboratory scale. Methods: In this study, biogas production from kitchen waste was investigated. Anaerobic digestion experiments were performed using one-liter bottles as reactor at the room temperature. The effects of the waste weathering, sheep manure, concentration of solid waste, sheep manure percentage and the time of the preparation of bacterial environment in biogas production efficiency and methane percentage in biogas was investigated. Results: Experimental results showed that kitchen wastes which are not affected by aerobic fermentation can be fermented to methane gas in anaerobic digestion. Also, the addition of sheep manure as a supplier source of anaerobic bacteria increases significantly biogas production. In this case, the mean value of biogas produced was measured about 14/65 ml/(g of dry solid) and 16/25 ml/ (g of dry kitchen waste). In addition, it was concluded, if methanogen source is prepared during about 16-20 days, the biogas production process would be completed in about 24 hours and biogas consists mainly of methane. Discussion and conclusions: Final obtained results from anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste in the presence of methanogen showed that, if the concentration of methanogen bacteria is quite enough before adding to the waste and organic acids production from the first stage of digestion, produced acids are converted to biogas (methane) upon formation and produced gas is mainly methane. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The process of Technology Selection in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry of Iran in terms of Spillover Effect from the perspective of Economic Profit
rohollah madadi-amiri Teimour Mohammadi Seyed Nasrollah Ebrahimi Hossein RaghfarThe selection, transfer and development of technology is one of the main pillars of the upstream oil and gas industry. The process of selecting technology in Iran, due to the type of ownership and special importance of oil and gas resources, is considered as one of the MoreThe selection, transfer and development of technology is one of the main pillars of the upstream oil and gas industry. The process of selecting technology in Iran, due to the type of ownership and special importance of oil and gas resources, is considered as one of the main components in the upstream part of this industry. Technology selection is a mechanism that aims to achieve economic benefits. In order to achieve effective technology, transfer in this industry, it seems necessary in terms of indirect effect in addition to its direct effect. One of these effects on technology transfer that must be considered is the issue of technology overflow. The present study is based on the study method, according to the rules and available resources, and in line with previous studies. Finally, the present study aims to develop a conceptual model of economic evaluation, a quantitative structure of transfer technology in terms of overflow effect. Lack of impact of overflow is one of the main reasons for lack of impact of technology transfer in the country. If the effect of overflow is applied in technical and economic calculations and contractual cases in the selection and transfer of technology, it can improve the effectiveness of technology at various levels of industry and even at the national level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Investigating production sharing agreement as a way to attract investment in Iran's oil industry
mohammad amin salarian ali zare mohsen mohebi sadegh abdiProduction sharing agreements are one of the most important upstream contracts in the international oil and gas industry. This deal has always been a good substitute for the country's international oil contracts by critics of the industry. Now, in order to explain the s MoreProduction sharing agreements are one of the most important upstream contracts in the international oil and gas industry. This deal has always been a good substitute for the country's international oil contracts by critics of the industry. Now, in order to explain the status and suitability of this contract with the upstream documents of the country and to analyze its principles from the perspective of religious principles, this article will analyze the nature and most important legal aspects of this agreement. So achieve this goal, we first analyze the legal nature of the this agreement and then briefly review the most important legal features of the country's upstream oil and gas cooperative contracts, and finally review the laws to assess the applicability of these contracts to the upstream oil and gas sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Designing a market-oriented and relationship-oriented organizational culture model using the Delphi method to evaluate the performance of financial management in the National Iranian Gas Company.
Mohammad Hossein Mehrarad Karim Hamdi maryam khaliliaraghiThis paper designs a market-oriented and relationship-oriented organizational-cultural model using the Delphi method to evaluate the performance of financial management in the National Iranian Gas Company. In a mixed approach, the criteria and sub-criteria were first ex MoreThis paper designs a market-oriented and relationship-oriented organizational-cultural model using the Delphi method to evaluate the performance of financial management in the National Iranian Gas Company. In a mixed approach, the criteria and sub-criteria were first extracted by the Delphi method. The statistical population of this study is in the qualitative part of the managers and experts of the headquarters of the National Iranian Gas Company and the quantitative part of the population includes employees (350 people). To determine the sample size in the quantitative part, Cochran's formula was used and 184 questionnaires were randomly distributed. In the qualitative section, by interviewing 10 experts, theoretical saturation and performing 3 stages of Delphi technique resulted in presenting the model. The final model of organizational culture including 4 dimensions, 14 components and 41 indicators was designed, which is briefly presented in the culture of relationship in the sector (leadership, financial performance of the organization, commitment, human resource development), market-oriented culture (collectivism, mission, competitiveness) in this article. Benefiting from a relationship-oriented culture, the National Iranian Gas Company strives to maintain structured relationships in the areas of financial management, human resource management and competitiveness, and by innovating and emphasizing ideation, puts knowledge-based culture at the top of its business. Its dimensions consider financial management as the heart of the organization and strive for a market-oriented presence with a human resources and human relations approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - ARIMA and ARFIMA Prediction of Persian Gulf Gas-Oil F.O.B
H. Amadeh A. Amini F. EffatiGas-oil is one of the most important energy carriers and the changes in its prices could have significant effects in economic decisions. The price of this carrier should not be more than 90 percent of F.O.B price of Persian Gulf, legislated in subsidizes regulation law MoreGas-oil is one of the most important energy carriers and the changes in its prices could have significant effects in economic decisions. The price of this carrier should not be more than 90 percent of F.O.B price of Persian Gulf, legislated in subsidizes regulation law in Iran. Time series models have been used to forecast various phenomena in many fields. In this paper we fit time series models to forecast the weekly gas-oil prices using ARIMA and ARFIMA models and make predictions of each category. Data used in this paperstarted with the first week of the year 2009 until the first week of 2012 for fitting the model and the second week of 2012 until 13th week of 2012 for predicting the values, are extracted from the OPEC website. Our results indicate that the ARFIMA(0.0.-19,1) model appear to be the better model than ARIMA(1,1,0)and the error criterions RMSE, MSE and MAPE for the forecasted amounts is given after the predictions, respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - مطالعه و مقایسه تجربی سوخت دوگانه فقیر (بنزین - گاز طبیعی) بر اساس آوانس بهینه جرقه
سیدکاظم یکانی ابراهیم عبدی اقدم مهرداد سرابیوابستگی جدی زندگی روزمرهی به خودروهای موتوری، افزایش آلودگی محیط زیست بالاخص در مناطق شهری و تقلیل منابع نفتی جهان، چالشهایی را برای اتخاذ تصمیمات مناسب بمنظور بهبود بازده، کاهش آلایندهها، اقتصاد سوخت و انتخاب سوختهای جایگزین بوجود آورده است. در کار حاضر ایدهی فقیر Moreوابستگی جدی زندگی روزمرهی به خودروهای موتوری، افزایش آلودگی محیط زیست بالاخص در مناطق شهری و تقلیل منابع نفتی جهان، چالشهایی را برای اتخاذ تصمیمات مناسب بمنظور بهبود بازده، کاهش آلایندهها، اقتصاد سوخت و انتخاب سوختهای جایگزین بوجود آورده است. در کار حاضر ایدهی فقیرسوزی بهمراه بهرهگیری از حالت سوخت ترکیبی بنزین - گاز طبیعی بعنوان بهبود در توسعهی موتورهای اشتعال جرقهای درنظر گرفته شده است. بطور تجربی عملکرد و آلایندگی یک موتور پژوهشی تکسیلندر با استفاده از چهار ترکیب مختلف بنزین-گاز طبیعی (با سوخت غالب بنزین) بر پایه­ی جرمی شامل 100%، 5/87%، 75% و 5/62% بنزین و مابقی گاز طبیعی (نامگذاری شده بصورت G100، G87.5، G75 و G62.5 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. مطالعه در محدودهی شرایط غیرکوبشی تحت شرایط فقیر با نسبت همارزی 9/0 و سرعت rpm 1800 در حداقل هفت آوانس جرقه دنبال شده است. از تحلیل تغییرات فشار درون­سیلندری ملاحظه شد که با افزایش درصد حضور گازطبیعی در ترکیب، مقادیر انحراف معیار و ضریب تغییرات، COV، کاهش یافتند. به طور ضمنی مشاهده شد که ، برای سوخت های ترکیبی، توزیع غیر یکنواخت هر سوخت می تواند به عنوان منبع جدیدی برای تغییرات سیکلی باشد. در شرایط فقیرسوزی در نظر گرفته شده در آوانس بهینه امن، گشتاور خروجی و imep برای مخلوط های سوخت حاوی گازطبیعی قابل مقایسه با بنزین خالص است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Experimental study of The Performance and e xhaust gas emissions Response of A Spark Ignition Engine to Adding Natural Gas to Gasoline in CR=11
S. K. Yekani E. Abdi Aghdam F. Sadegh Moghanlo -
Open Access Article
130 - An Experimental Analysis of the Knock Response of Different Stoichiometric Mixtures of Gasoline-Natural Gas to Various Engine Speeds
رضا بهراد ابراهیم عبدی اقدم هادی غائبیبنزین به دلیل داشتن دمای اشتعال خود­به­خودی پایین­تر باعث کوبش موتور در نسبت تراکم بالاتر می­شود. گاز طبیعی (NG) عدد اکتان بالاتری دارد و از نظر خواص ضدکوبشی سوخت مناسبی است. با این حال، استفاده از آن به عنوان سوخت موتور منجر به افزایش انتشار برخی از گاز Moreبنزین به دلیل داشتن دمای اشتعال خود­به­خودی پایین­تر باعث کوبش موتور در نسبت تراکم بالاتر می­شود. گاز طبیعی (NG) عدد اکتان بالاتری دارد و از نظر خواص ضدکوبشی سوخت مناسبی است. با این حال، استفاده از آن به عنوان سوخت موتور منجر به افزایش انتشار برخی از گازهای آلاینده­ی خروجی و کاهش قدرت موتور می شود که دلیل آن کاهش سرعت سوختن و طبیعت گازی سوخت است. استفاده از مخلوط بنزین و NG با سوخت غالب بنزین می­تواند کاهش قدرت موتور را جبران کرده و از وقوع کوبش موتور جلوگیری کند. با در نظر گرفتن این موضوع، در مطالعه حاضر، 4 ترکیب مختلف بنزین و NG شامل 100%، 90%، 80% و 70% بنزین و مابقی NG (به ترتیب GA100، GA90، GA80 و GA70) با استفاده از یک موتور تحقیقاتی SI تک سیلندر با نسبت هم­ارزی 1.0، نسبت تراکم 11، و سرعت موتور 1500، 1800 و 2100 دور در دقیقه به صورت تجربی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential by Optimizing Energy Consumption in Office Building in Tehran Using Energy Plus Software
Saeed Shajari Azita Behbahaninia Ashkan Ebdali SusanBackground and Aim: Energy consumption in the country's buildings is about two to four times the average energy consumption in other countries of the world. Also in the construction sector, public and government buildings account for 70% of this energy consumption. The MoreBackground and Aim: Energy consumption in the country's buildings is about two to four times the average energy consumption in other countries of the world. Also in the construction sector, public and government buildings account for 70% of this energy consumption. The limited energy resources and the effects of losses on its excessive consumption make a suitable and optimal plan necessary from the perspective of energy consumption. The purpose of this study is to investigate and change the pattern of energy consumption in office buildings in order to reduce greenhouse gases.Methods: In order to perform optimization in the studied building, the amount of energy consumption and details related to the heating, cooling and lighting systems of the selected building were measured, collected and measured through field visits with the help of a luxury meter. In this study, using energy plus software, energy consumption for the building, which is in the group of buildings with high energy consumption, was simulated. It should be noted that the values of energy loss, comfort level and energy consumption indicators in the building. The selection was also calculated.Results: The results show that effective optimization measures in the building can reduce carbon dioxide emissions and reduce energy consumption by 14 to 20 percent annually.Conclusion: According to calculations, an average of 50% of annual energy consumption is wasted, which can be reduced to 30% by performing audit measures and thermal comfort, which is sometimes calculated to be more than 60% in certain seasons in the building increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - The Impact of the Corona Virus on the Global Oil and Gas Market and Its Future Prospects
Ashkan Abdalisousan Mostafa Khalatbari shayesteh Ebrahimi zaker Nastaran Heidari Mohammad amin Tavana Mohammad reza GharehdaghiThe outbreak of Corona virus has led to instability in the global economy, especially in the oil and gas industry, and has boosted volatility in financial markets. The reaction to the price of oil for the virus was gradually accepted until March 9, 2020 and internationa MoreThe outbreak of Corona virus has led to instability in the global economy, especially in the oil and gas industry, and has boosted volatility in financial markets. The reaction to the price of oil for the virus was gradually accepted until March 9, 2020 and international prices fell by more than 20 percent in one day. Increase in the number of patients and the strengthening of financial market volatility have a long-term negative impact on the recent dynamics of crude oil and gas prices. Due to the recession in 2020 and the re-growth projected in 2021, the annual growth of global oil demand will increase. Between 2019 and 2025, global oil demand is expected to grow at an average annual rate of under 1 million barrels per day, and demand will increase by 5.7 million barrels per day over the entire period. Given the current situation, the trend of demand for oil and gas will continue to decline, which will lead to an increase in global demand for renewable energy and its replacement in the world. This article examines the effects of the spread of the virus on prices, supply, demand, exports and imports of crude oil and gas in the world and the factors that can calm this economic chaos. Its results include reducing OPEC production and preventing price failures that weaken the global economy, or maintaining sustainable production and accepting the risk of price failure. At the end, several solutions are presented for quick use of the opportunity in the crisis of the Corona outbreak and separation of the country's economy from fossil fuels and move towards clean and sustainable energy, which leads to reducing environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Identifying and ranking factors influencing the sustainable development of environmental culture in sports
omid mohamadalikhan shahrzad khoramnejadianBackground & Objective: Production of clean energy and elimination of waste is one of the priorities of environmentally friendly societies. By producing biogas from manure, biological pollution in the environment can be reduced and energy can be produced. Phytoremed MoreBackground & Objective: Production of clean energy and elimination of waste is one of the priorities of environmentally friendly societies. By producing biogas from manure, biological pollution in the environment can be reduced and energy can be produced. Phytoremediation is one of the ways to remove soil pollutant. The purpose of this research is to investigate the production of biogas from camel dung and phytoremediation waste and also to identify the variables that improve biogas production using the fuzzy AHP method. Material and Methodology: The loading of camel dung in the digester has been done at different mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures (36-37 and 55). The waste from the lead phytoremediation was mixed with camel dung and was loaded in similar conditions. During 1 month of material loading, biogas production was measured. The results have been analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: The results showed that pH plays an important role in biogas production. The first load was low due to low input feed as well as failing to reach the desired digestion operation, resulting in very low digestive pH, which gradually increased as the number of gas production speeds and gas production increased. It was also found to decrease the amount of biogas production as the amount of refined plant was increased. The parameters were ranked using the fuzzy AHP method. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, camel dung has a good potential for biogas production. Nitrogen and phosphorus are more important in biogas production and the ratio of volatile solids has the lowest rank according to the fuzzy AHP method. Phytoremediation waste could be used in small amounts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Evaluating Different Aspects of Biogas Production in Anaerobic Digesters
mercede taheri nima karimi mostafa bigdeliThe key strategies to develop an alternative energy source instead of fossil fuels are outlined to compensate for current energy needs and to decrease environmental concerns such as high volume of waste pollution and global warming. So the economy and technologies large MoreThe key strategies to develop an alternative energy source instead of fossil fuels are outlined to compensate for current energy needs and to decrease environmental concerns such as high volume of waste pollution and global warming. So the economy and technologies largely depends on consistent renewable source with environmental criteria of biomass and actually biogas. Biogas technology is associated with certain limitations in addition to the many advantages. So that energy production is a difficult task without having stopping elements in which the alternative concepts is necessary to ensure sustainable development with accessible technologies. Further advances in technology led to renewed and deeper interest in biogas production, while it has great effects in reducing major economic problems in the world. The current review addresses the limiting factors and evaluation of recent technological advances associated with various aspects of biogas production such as the use of sustainable feedstocks, microbial and enzyme dynamics, optimization parameter and dissociation process to enhance this technology. Enzymatic bioassay and efficient microbial identification enables the energy of anaerobic digestion to be significantly enhanced. Therefore, optimization of different parameters to accelerate biogas production during anaerobic digestion has been preferred to pre- and post-anaerobic digestion. In spite of the development of multi-step digestion schemes in order to succeed in the separation process, further research is needed to achieve better system performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Evaluation of Performance and Quality of Effluent in Birjand Wastewater Treatment Plant for Agricultural Purposes
Mohammad Hosein Fathabadi Mohammad Hosein Ahmadi Shadmehri Seyed Masoud Faiz Sayyid Ali BanihashemiBasis and Goal: Today, the most basic action to control pollution from wastewater and their reuse is the construction of a wastewater treatment plant and strict monitoring of their operation. Disposal of non-standard effluents and their use in agriculture or surface wat MoreBasis and Goal: Today, the most basic action to control pollution from wastewater and their reuse is the construction of a wastewater treatment plant and strict monitoring of their operation. Disposal of non-standard effluents and their use in agriculture or surface water discharge will lead to many health and environmental risks. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of auditing the environmental performance and quality of Birjand wastewater treatment plant for agricultural use. Method of Studing: This study was conducted in 1399 using a cross-sectional study method from 1396 to 1398 on the wastewater treatment plant of Birjand. Finding: The findings showed that the COD index with an average of 225 had the highest non-compliance with the standard in 1396. TSS index with an average of 153 is in the second place, total coliform with an average of 1300 in the third place and gastrointestinal coliform with an average of 502.5 are in the fourth place. In 1398, these indicators are in a standard and optimal condition. Results: Comparison of the results of the current study with the effluent standards showed that the use of the effluent of this treatment plant for agricultural purposes is recommended due to compliance with the effluent standards. This trend has shown a favorable situation during the years 1396 to 1398. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Evaluation of Biogas Potential from Rural Wastes (Case Study: Abyaneh Village)
Ali Daryabeigi zand Maryam Rabiee AbyanehBiogas is one of the renewable energy sources that is produced by the decomposition of organic materials as a result of the activity of anaerobic bacteria. Putrifiable materials in municipal and rural wastes are of biomass sources that can be used in biogas production. MoreBiogas is one of the renewable energy sources that is produced by the decomposition of organic materials as a result of the activity of anaerobic bacteria. Putrifiable materials in municipal and rural wastes are of biomass sources that can be used in biogas production. Establishment of biogas production units can be considered as an effective step to resolve waste management issues as well as emissions of environmental pollutants.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of biogas production from rural wastes in Abyaneh village to address waste management issues in the region. For this purpose after quantitative and qualitative study of waste production in Abyaneh village, applicable amount of waste that can be used in biogas plants was determined and the potential of biogas production from them was calculated. The amount of recoverable biogas from organic waste produced in Abyaneh village was determined to be 24407546.68 m2 per year. On average 15864905.34 m2 of methane per year can be generated, which is equivalent to 34268195.55 MJ of energy. Obtained results demonstrated that wastes generated in Abyaneh village can be considered a suitable source for biogas production based on its quantity and composition. It is suggested to establish biogas production plants in the region which can be used to reduce the volume of wastes, transportation and disposal costs and improve human health. Also the energy produced from it can be used for cooking, lighting, power generation and transportation fuel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Investigating the amount of air pollutants produced by Ahvaz Oil and Gas Exploitation Complex No. 3
Ali Kashani Saffar Hossein Norouzi Nasrin choobkar Lia Shooshtari KermanshahiBackground and Objective: Oil and gas production units emit large amounts of air pollutants due to combustion processes and burning of oil and gas wastes and endanger the health of the environment and people. Considering the extent of the activity of this industry in Kh MoreBackground and Objective: Oil and gas production units emit large amounts of air pollutants due to combustion processes and burning of oil and gas wastes and endanger the health of the environment and people. Considering the extent of the activity of this industry in Khuzestan province, in the current study, the range of influence of the flares of the flares of the West Ahvaz oil and gas exploitation complex (number 3) in the winter of 2018 has been investigated.Material and Methodology: To carry out this study, NO2, CO2, SO2, CO gases were measured in four directions: north, south, west and east and at distances of 50, 100, 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 meters by direct reading devices. Findings: NO2, O3, SO2, and CO gas were higher than the standard in the distances near the flare, and PM2.5 and PM10 suspended particles were more than the standard at a distance of 3000 meters from the roads. Regarding PM2.5 and PM10 particles, the results showed that 79.16% of the points were in unhealthy condition for the sensitive and unhealthy groups and 75% of the points were in healthy condition, respectively, more than 83.33% of the measured points in the case of two So2 gas and 75% of the points in CO gas, 66.66% in No2 gas were in very unhealthy condition. Discussion and Conclusion: According to AQI index values, O3 and PM10 were generally unhealthy to very unhealthy, and SO2 gas and PM2.5 particles were in worse condition compared to others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - A Review of Various Suitable Methods of Dry Anaerobic Digestion for Agricultural Wastes Disposal in Iran
Laleh Ghafghazi Lobat TaghaviBackground and Objective: Dry anaerobic digestion is a cost-effective method to purify and recover agricultural waste. Agricultural production statistics (over 128 million tonnes in 2019-2020) and its consequent high waste production (38 million tonnes per year) indicat MoreBackground and Objective: Dry anaerobic digestion is a cost-effective method to purify and recover agricultural waste. Agricultural production statistics (over 128 million tonnes in 2019-2020) and its consequent high waste production (38 million tonnes per year) indicate the need for optimal disposal of this biomass. The purpose of article is identification and compare dry anaerobic digesters for optimal management of agricultural waste disposal in Iran. Material and Methodology: This article is the result of several internal and foreign online sources: Google Scholar, Science Direct, Research Gate, and publishers Elsevier, Springer, Frontiers, and Civilica with the keywords of agricultural waste, biogas, and dry anaerobic digestion. Findings: The results of the study show that good performance, low-cost energy, and maintenance are the benefits of mesophilic temperature conditions in dry anaerobic plants. Hydraulic retention times varied from 20 to 35 days, with mean total solids above 15% and mean methane percent at 55%. Batch digesters are a relatively simple and acceptable technology for disposal of agricultural waste but sustainability of biogas supply can be easier with continuous reactors, despite the high need for maintenance and management. Disscusion and Conclusion: This technology, for its efficiency and flexibility, is essential for the high utilization of agricultural waste, and sustainable development of biogas. Appropriate technology to increase biogas productivity is suggested, by considering geographical features, production tonnage, and characteristics of agricultural waste. The batch anaerobic process in provinces of Iran that have smaller-scale agricultural activities is more effective than continuous digestion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Assessment of the Geographic Location of Photovoltaic Power Plants on their CO2 Emission Reduction Using Ret Screen Software
Neda E Niknam Seyed Alireza Mirzaye hosseini Ali Mohammadi Lobat TaghaviIncreasing greenhouse gases emissions and limited fossil fuel resources, are two of the most important challenges of the century. Thus, the use of renewable energy is quickly developing and progressing in most countries. One of the appropriate resources for supplying el MoreIncreasing greenhouse gases emissions and limited fossil fuel resources, are two of the most important challenges of the century. Thus, the use of renewable energy is quickly developing and progressing in most countries. One of the appropriate resources for supplying electricity is solar energy. Photovoltaic systems have several unique advantages including pollution-free industrial processes, small off-grid applications, and low cost of repair and maintenance.In this study, two photovoltaic power plants, each with 30 KW capacities, in Kerman and Sari cities were selected and their economic and environmental analysis were conducted based on climatic conditions and local solar radiation using Ret Screen software.Kerman City located in the best radiation zone of Iran with 5/2 Kwh/m2/day energy reception and Sari City situated in the least appropriate sun radiation zone with 3/9 Kwh/m2/day energy reception were selected in this study.Results revealed that the use of photovoltaic power plant would reduce CO2 emissions in Kerman and Sari by 36 and 9 tons per year, respectively. Also the payback period in Kerman and Sari would be 7/3 and 11/2 years. According to this research, the geographical location of the photovoltaic power plant is also very important. Thus, the payback period for Kerman was 4 years less than sari and the amount of Reduction CO2 emission in Kerman was 4 times higher than Sari. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Technical, Environmental and Financial Feasibility Study of Solar Power Plants by Retscreen, according to the Targeting of Energy Subsidies (Case Study: Photovoltaic Plant of Tehran Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University)
Majid abbaspour Ali reza Mirzayehosseini Taraneh TaheriThe energy consumption growth in the country has been increased so much that it has made us an importer of energy instead of being a major exporter.In order to face such a threat, implementing strategies to optimize energy production and consumption,modif MoreThe energy consumption growth in the country has been increased so much that it has made us an importer of energy instead of being a major exporter.In order to face such a threat, implementing strategies to optimize energy production and consumption,modifying energy consumption patterns and utilization of renewable energies is necessary. In this regard Iran Azad University, as one of the first pioneers of utilization of renewable energies incampuses, has established a 12 kW photovoltaic power plant in Tehran science and Research Branch of it.In this study, we have taken advantage of The RETScreen International Photovoltaic Project Model in order to evaluate the energy production, life-cycle costs and greenhouse gas emissions reduction and finally analyze the financial viability.In this study, based on new electricity tariffs, three scenarios have been developed, according tothe targeting of energy subsidies and we have also dedicated one of our scenarios to the reduction ofgreenhouse gasses. In the first case the electricity price was set to 450 Rial/kWh and no credit was assigned to the reduction of greenhouse gasses (GHG), therefore equity payback (Return positive cash flow) has been 12.1 year. In the second case the electricity price was set to 2100 Rial/kWh, therefore equity payback (Return positivecash flow) was 8 year. Finally in the last scenario by considering a credit to the reduction of greenhouse gasses and electricity price being 2100 Rial/kWh and applying solar panels with high efficiency and suitableatteries(DOD=60%), equity payback(Return positive cash flow) will be reached within6 years. In conclusion, we can say that by applyingnew technologies and establishing supportive policiesof the government payback time can be reducedremarkably Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Investigation of pollution output in felling by chainsaw
Majid Lotfalian Naghimeh Badraghi Hamed NaghaviChainsaw is an important instrument in felling. The chainsaws that use in forest are working by gas and all of them have tow-stroke cycle engine. Gas is a combined cycle hydrocarbon with a different ratio in material that burning them is polluting th MoreChainsaw is an important instrument in felling. The chainsaws that use in forest are working by gas and all of them have tow-stroke cycle engine. Gas is a combined cycle hydrocarbon with a different ratio in material that burning them is polluting the air. This study was done in lower height forests of Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries Co. (MWPI). The aim was study about amount of gas polluting the air from each cubic meter of wood production by chain saw in felling activities. Results show that the average consumption of gas for felling is 81.7 cc/m3 wood and the amount of scattered polluter were: Carbon Oxide 46.7 gr, Nitric Oxide 1.2 gr, Hydrocarbon 5.3 gr, Plumb 0.03 gr, Benzoapyrene 0.0001 gr, and Dust 0.007 gr. The lowest amount of scattered Co2 was 1.2 gr and the most amounts were 14.8 gr for felling each cubic meter of wood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Determination of the field amount of air pollution and PSI Index in the parking buses in Tehran city
Nabi Ullah Mansouri Amir Jamshidi Ghasem AbadiIntroduction: The destructive effects of air pollution on human health no one is wearing. The transport network management solutions to reduce pollution in metropolitan cities, including Tehran, especially buses and bus stop within the city, including place MoreIntroduction: The destructive effects of air pollution on human health no one is wearing. The transport network management solutions to reduce pollution in metropolitan cities, including Tehran, especially buses and bus stop within the city, including places where the main air pollutants generated from the point of measurement is important. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study aims to determine the amount of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter (PM10) in the open air bus stop within the urban areas of East, West and South Tehran is to determine the amount of pollutants and pollution standard index (PSI), air quality in these areas should be assessed. Analyzers using the digital measurement of gaseous pollutants (SAAF22M, SAAC32M, SACO12M, SAO342M) and sampling PM10 (Low Sampler Model: BGIPQ100), the required sample taken from the summer 88 to spring 89. The PM sampling in a 24-hour period, 6 stations to sample the air gaseous pollutants in each 8-hour period (4 samples from each station for 4,5,9 and 11 O’clocks), a total of 6 samples for particulate matter and 144 the sample gases at the end of each season and 24 samples and 576 samples for gases and particles is obtained in one year. Conclusion: Research result shows that the rate of gas emissions in selected areas, the amount of pollution in any of the sites was not beyond the approved standards. The particulate matter (PM10) pollution levels in the summer and fall of 88 in southern Tehran 152/9 μg/Nm3 and 163/1 μg/Nm3, beyond the standard level.Using the survey results can be useful in devising management strategies to control and reduce emissions with the aim of improving the system utilized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - The effective factors on gas produced in landfill
Yaser Salar Faramarz moatar Mostafa KhezriNowadays, the population increase in line with the technology advances has improved life and thus has caused a rapid increase in consumption and eventually led to a huge increase of wastes. So that, the production of these materials has created a huge environmental disa MoreNowadays, the population increase in line with the technology advances has improved life and thus has caused a rapid increase in consumption and eventually led to a huge increase of wastes. So that, the production of these materials has created a huge environmental disaster in human societies in recent years which is considered as one of the major challenges facing humanity. In recent years, especial equipment is used to collect, manage and transfer gas in landfills. Collecting landfill gas (biogas) have different benefits in environmental fields, economic and , the most important, energy. The biogas produced by urban Landfill has a high proportion of volatile organic methane that damages the ozone layer. Landfill gases are produced through a collection of biochemical reactions on biodegradable organic matter present in the waste in anaerobic conditions. These gases include methane, carbon dioxide hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic compounds and so on. Assessment and prediction of production rates and factors affecting gas emissions from landfill are critical for landfill designing and successful utilization of the gases as an energy source. Thus, the present paper has studied these matters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Technical Feasibility of CO2 Capturing through Post Combustion Process in Cement Industry to Reduce Greenhouse Gases
Farideh Atabi Abtin Ataei Ahmaad Khoshgerd Farzaneh Kiani Global warming occurs due to the increase of greenhouse gases emission including CO2, the consequence of which would be the drastic changes in the Earth's climate. Due to the consumption of fossil fuels and the chemical processes used to p More Global warming occurs due to the increase of greenhouse gases emission including CO2, the consequence of which would be the drastic changes in the Earth's climate. Due to the consumption of fossil fuels and the chemical processes used to produce cement at the stage of heating the raw material, the net amount of CO2 gas production in the cement industry is about 15 to 25% . The present research discusses the technical feasibility of recycling CO2 in Abyek Cement Complex, which is known as large cement industry in the country with the production capacity of about 12,500 tons per day on two production lines. The main fuel of furnaces in this industry is heavy oil. Due to the combustion, the gases emitted from the five-stage pre heater include 24.5% CO2, 7.6% H2O, 48% O2 by volume and 61.3% N2. With respect to the analysis of gases emitted from the furnace of Abyek Cement Complex and the factory's available facilities, the absorption was designed using post combustion process through the chemical absorption method using Monoethanolamine (MEA) by HYSYS software. The required equipment of the process was simulated and optimized and dimensions of all the process components were determined. The results show that approximately 117 ton per hour of CO2 with the efficiency of 97% at C with moisture content (1179 kg/h), Oxygen (2.5 kg/h), and nitrogen (16.5 kg/h) is absorbed which can be transferred to the consuming centers after pressurization and condensation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - A survey on fungi colonization prevalence in patients with chronic peptic ulcer diseases
Narges Davood Abadi Mojgan Saghazadeh Majid RiazipourIntroduction: Prolonged antiacid and antibiotic usage in peptic ulcer diseases mayPredispose fungi colonization in stomach., detect and eradication of it may prevent delayed treatment. In order to isolate and diagnosis of fungi infestions in patients with gastroduodenit MoreIntroduction: Prolonged antiacid and antibiotic usage in peptic ulcer diseases mayPredispose fungi colonization in stomach., detect and eradication of it may prevent delayed treatment. In order to isolate and diagnosis of fungi infestions in patients with gastroduodenitis and gastric ulcer This study has been planned..Methods :This is a prospective crossectional study. We studied140 biopsy specimens of patients with chronic peptic ulcer diseases (morthan12 month) referred to Qum province hospitals, during 8 month. The biopsies selected for 1: direct examination with KOH10%.2: culture of specimens3: tissue staining with H&EResults: 7.1% cases of yeasts were isolated in this investigation. Isolated yeastshave been identified as follows: 10 cases of C.albicance7.1% of The patients were male and the rest were female.Conclusion: All the patients that had a positive history of long lasting antacid taking for gastric ulcer or gastritis. Candidacies must be investigated. duodenitis and gastric ulcer, who are refractory to classic therapies and also in patients Who have the chronic disease, fungi infestations must be roll out. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Effect Shrak cartilage on number and activity T-cell regulating cells in stomach cancer paitents
razieh zareii محمد زهیر حسن صراف ابوالقاسم عجمی داریوش مسلمی امراله مصطفی زادهIntroduction: Gastric cancer or gastric cancer, the fourth most common cancer and the second most common cancer in Iran and around the world Srtankshndh safety Ast.paskhhay in gastric cancer include innate and adaptive immunity Treg The cells in several malignancies inc MoreIntroduction: Gastric cancer or gastric cancer, the fourth most common cancer and the second most common cancer in Iran and around the world Srtankshndh safety Ast.paskhhay in gastric cancer include innate and adaptive immunity Treg The cells in several malignancies including gastric cancer in Myyabdslvlhay increase in Treg immune response settings, maintaining homeostasis and immune tolerance, autoimmunity and cancer survival primarily as a treatment for cancer control Myknd.ghzrvf shark is .. Shark cartilage, a protein that angiogenesis (angiogenesis) in vitro and stop animal models. A network of blood vessels tumors need to survive and grow, so by blocking the blood supply to the tumor disappears,It was observed that in the group treated with shark cartilage cell viability Treg an average of 48/1% before treatment to 2/0% post treatment decrease the amount of cytokine inhibition of TGF-β from pg / ml183 before treatment pg / ml110 after treatment decreased, but the amount of cytokines in serum IFN-γ (pattern of cytokine TH1) of pg / ml160 before treatment pg / ml187 after treatment increased the amount of IL-4 (pattern of cytokine TH2) of pg / ml37 before treatment pg / ml30 after treatment decreased Is. In the control group there was no significant difference in the measurement.Final argument: Shark cartilage in people suffering from gastric cancer cell depletion inhibitory Treg and cytokine inhibiting TGF-β as well as a reduction in IL-4 (Aymvnyty cells, TH2) and increased production of IFN-γ (Aymvnyty cells, TH1) to enhance immune responses anti-tumor cell. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification Microextraction Followed by Gas Chromatography as an Efficient and Sensitive Technique for Determination of Olanzapine in Biological Samples
Maryam Asfia Ameneh Porgham Daryasari Mojtaba Soleimani -
Open Access Article
148 - HCl- Etched Steel Fiber for Determination of Phthalates in Water Samples by Solid-Phase Microextraction
Afsaneh Mollahosseini Nima Baghbadrani Seyed Saeid Hosseini -
Open Access Article
149 - Performance Investigation of the Membrane PEEK/PVA Modified with ZnO Nanoparticle for CO2 Separation
Ahmad Bahreini Arezoo Ghadi Mojtaba Masoumi -
Open Access Article
150 - Ultrasound Assisted Emulsification Microextraction as a Simple Preconcentration Method for Determination of Atrazine in Environmental Samples
Sana Berijani Mohsen Zeeb Elham Pournamdari -
Open Access Article
151 - Optimization of Biodiesel Production by Chemical Trans-esterification of Sunflower Oil
Saleh Soleimani Ahmad Panah Azari Rasul Sharifi Seyyed Mohammad Atyabi Dariush Norouzian -
Open Access Article
152 - Screening Method for Mononitrotoluenes in Natural Waters Using Magnetic Solvent Bar Liquid-Phase Micro-extraction Followed by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection
Hadi Farahani Behrooz Mirza -
Open Access Article
153 - Investigation of the Hydrate Formation Equilibrium Conditions of Natural Gas
Mohsen Kasaeezadeh Alireza Azimi -
Open Access Article
154 - Thermodynamic Modeling and Analysis of a Novel Multi-Generation Energy System Based on Gas and Wind Turbine
R Bagheri M Soltani R Jamalpour -
Open Access Article
155 - Thermal Analysis and Microstructural Evaluation of Inconel 738LC Superalloy Gas Turbine Blade
Rayatpour M Lalegani Z -
Open Access Article
156 - Effects of Shielding Gas on the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of 409L Ferritic Stainless Steels during Gas Metal Arc Welding
A. Feghhi A. Emamikhah Y. Bayat Asl -
Open Access Article
157 - Evaluation of the Application of Non-Destructive Tests in Investigating the Defects of Gas Turbine Blades and Using Thermography Method as an Alternative Method
R Hedayatnejad S Farhadi -
Open Access Article
158 - Rhythmic Elements and Their Implications in “Qasideh-e Al-Entefazeh” by SamihAl-Qasim
behnam bagheri Ali SalimiMusicis the most important tool in poetic structure and one of the brilliant factors which distinguishes poetry from other literary techniques. Rhythmic element has a semantic and expressive power and a special importance in creating overall atmosphere of poetry and its MoreMusicis the most important tool in poetic structure and one of the brilliant factors which distinguishes poetry from other literary techniques. Rhythmic element has a semantic and expressive power and a special importance in creating overall atmosphere of poetry and its structuralcoherence. The present research aims to explore rhythmic structure, elements and implications of music in Ode“Gasideh-e Al-Entefazeh”by SamihAl-Qasim. The ode comprises various musical elements which absorb and accompany the reader with the poet’s emotional state. In this research, rhythmic structure of the ode is studied through analyzing some rhythmic phenomena such as poetical meter, principles changes (Zahafat) and reasons, rhyme and whatever related to these phenomena. Also, some other musical phenomena likerounded line, poetical line, contrast, parallelism and repetition are studied. The descriptive-analytical and statistical methods using the analysis of ode details and separating its rhythmic elements to extract its semantic and aesthetic value have been used in this research. During the present research, it is specified that all rhythmic elements have a dominant role to have richer rhythmic and semantic structure of the ode and they have causedcoherence of its structure, totalizing ode uniformity and its enjoyment from a beautiful and musical structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Improving the operating range of centrifugal gas compressors using surge control line with fuzzy controller
hossein karimzadeh Ali Rafiee Alireza MalahzadehThe operating range of compressors is limited by the surge phenomenon. Surge control is unavoidable to deal with this phenomenon. As shown by the simulations, using this method for the gain of 0.3 treratel, stability is also achieved.The operating range of compressors is limited by the surge phenomenon. Surge control is unavoidable to deal with this phenomenon. As shown by the simulations, using this method for the gain of 0.3 treratel, stability is also achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Isolation and Identification of Essential Oils of Prangos latiloba Korov Plant by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry
S. Asghar HosseiniMedicinal plants have a special value in life sciences and medicine in terms of disease prevention and treatment. In recent years, the use of medicinal plants is increasing day by day due to the proof of its beneficial effects, cheapness, not having many side effects an MoreMedicinal plants have a special value in life sciences and medicine in terms of disease prevention and treatment. In recent years, the use of medicinal plants is increasing day by day due to the proof of its beneficial effects, cheapness, not having many side effects and also being environmentally friendly. In this study, the essential oils of different parts of the aromatic and wild plant of Prangos latiloba Korov were extracted by water distillation and the compounds formed by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were investigated. The main constituents of the essential oil of this plant were limonene (13.54%), myrcene (8.58%), elemol (7.79%) and alpha-phellandrene (6.88%), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Process Parameters Optimization in Gas Blow Forming of Pin-type Metal Bipolar Plates using Taguchi and Finite Element Methods
M. Moradian A. Doniavi V. Modanloo V. Alimirzaloo -
Open Access Article
162 - The Effect of Focal Distance and Type of Auxiliary Gas on Cut Width in CO2 Laser Cutting of Stainless and Mild Steel Sheets
Hossein Taheri Hamid Zarepour Firouzabadi Majid Hashemzadeh -
Open Access Article
163 - Impact of Loading Rate in Hot Tube Gas Forming of AA6063
Mastafa Rajaee Seyed Jamal Hosseinipour Hamed Jamshidi Aval -
Open Access Article
164 - Numerical Study of Non-Gray Radiative Heat Transfer in a T-shaped Furnace
Amin Al Taha MohamadMehdi Keshtkar -
Open Access Article
165 - Design and Optimization of Gasketed-Plate Heat Exchanger using Bees Algorithm
Navid Bozorgan Ashkan Ghafouri Ehsanolah Assareh Seyed Mohammad Safieddin Ardebili -
Open Access Article
166 - Improving High Cycle Fatigue Life in A Gasoline Engine Piston using Oil Gallery with Considering Stress Gradient
Hojjat Ashouri -
Open Access Article
167 - Antioxidant activity of phytol dominated stem bark and leaf essential oils of Celtis zenkeri Engl.
Ejike Okpala Patricia Onocha Muhammad Ali -
Open Access Article
168 - Chemical compositions of essential oils from Etlingera brevilabrum: A comparative analysis using GC×GC/TOFMS
Behnam Mahdavi -
Open Access Article
169 - Comparison of the volatile oils of Artemisia tournefortiana Reichenb. obtained by two different methods of extraction
Pegah Nazemizadeh Ardakani Shiva Masoudi -
Open Access Article
170 - Volatile oil composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Boerhavia erecta L. and Euphorbia hirta L.
Omosalewa Olaoluwa Dorcas Moronkola Olayombo Taiwo Peremobowei Iganboh -
Open Access Article
171 - Prediction of General Health of Esfahan Gas Company's Employees By Encouragement and Punishment System, Individual and Organizational Performance
Noushin Ghomi Mohammad Ghasemi Pir Balooti Mehdi Nasr Esfahani Hamid Baghaee Hosein AbadiThe purpose of the this research wasthe prediction of general health for the employees of Esfahan Gas Company using encouragement and punishment system and individual-organizational performance. The statistical population included all administrative employees of Esfahan MoreThe purpose of the this research wasthe prediction of general health for the employees of Esfahan Gas Company using encouragement and punishment system and individual-organizational performance. The statistical population included all administrative employees of Esfahan Gas Company from 2013-2014, of whom 260 employees were selected by stratified random sampling method.The measuring instruments used were questionnaires of encouragement and punishment system (Khanzade2010), individual performance (Paterson1970), organizational performance (Hersey and Glodsmith 1990)and also Goldberg’s questionnaire of general health. The data was analyzed using by stepwise regression.The results of regression analysis showed that the organizational relationships was abl to predict of general health and can justify 4.7 percnt of variance of employees' general health (p<0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - A Comparison between Males/Females and Divorcing ones on Sexual Functioning in Isfahan
Iran Mahdizadegan elahe barekat mohsen golparvarThe main purpose of this research was to compare males/females and divorcing ones on sexual functioning. The research method was causal-comparative study (ex post facto) and the population comprised divorcing couples who referred to well-being health centers and family MoreThe main purpose of this research was to compare males/females and divorcing ones on sexual functioning. The research method was causal-comparative study (ex post facto) and the population comprised divorcing couples who referred to well-being health centers and family courts and normal couples in Isfahan. among them, 30 divorcing males, 30 normal males, 30 divorcing females and 30 normal females were slected through convenience sampling. The research instrument was Sexual Function Questionnaire (Rosen, et al, 2000). The data was analyzed by using Multivariate Analysis of Variance for both males and females separately (divorcing and normal). The results showed that there were significant differences in sexual desire, mental stimulation, orgasm, satisfaction and sexual pain, except in moist between divorcing males and normal males. Moreover, there were significant differences in mental stimulation, moist, orgasm, satisfaction and sexual pain, except in sexual desire between divorcing females and normal ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - The effect of Work-Family Conflict on Burnout with mediating role of Life Quality and Job Satisfaction amongst Staffs in Sarkhoon & Qeshm Gas Treating Company
Ataallah Paghoush Eqbal Zarei Hossein Zeinalipour Hasan Dami zadehThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of work-family relationship conflict causal relationship on burnout with mediating role of life quality and job satisfaction based on structural equation modeling. The research method was correlational. The populat MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of work-family relationship conflict causal relationship on burnout with mediating role of life quality and job satisfaction based on structural equation modeling. The research method was correlational. The population included all company staffs Sarkhoon & Qeshm Gas Treating from whom 200 participants were selected by stratified random sampling and were asked to complete the Work-Family Conflict questionnaire (Netmeyer et al., 1996), Quality of Life scale (World Health Organization, 1996), Job Descriptive Index (Smith et al., 1969), and Burnout questionnaire (Maslach & Jackson, 1981). Data analysis and evaluation of the proposed model were conducted by AMOS-21. The results showed that work-family conflict, both directly and indirectly, has been effective on burnout through the quality of life and job satisfaction. Also, the work-family conflict directly had an impact on the quality of life and job satisfaction. The research findings indicated that there was a significant negative impact of life quality and job satisfaction on burnout and a significant positive influence of life quality on job satisfaction (P >0.01). The overall model results indicated that the model parameters have appropriate fitness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - the Effect of Mindfulness on Styles of Decision-Making among Employees of Parsian Gas Refining Company: Mediating Role of Self-Reflection
fatemeh amini hossein zare Ali Reza Agha Yosefi Seyed Esmaeil HashemiThe main purpose of this research was to study the effect of mindfulness on decision-making styles with considering the mediating role of self-reflection. The study was correlational and the population included all employees of Parsian Gas Refining Company (working ther MoreThe main purpose of this research was to study the effect of mindfulness on decision-making styles with considering the mediating role of self-reflection. The study was correlational and the population included all employees of Parsian Gas Refining Company (working there, in winter 1396). 178 people were selected through Stratified random sampling method. Research instruments consisted of Mindfulness Questionnaire, Self-reflection Scale and Decision Making Styles Questionnaire. Data were analyzed with the use of Structural Equation Model (SEM) through AMOS-16 software packages. Analysis of structural equation modeling indicated that default model fit the data. The results also showed that there is significant direct effects of mindfulness on self-reflection (p < 0.01), self-reflection on styles of decision-making (p < 0.05) and mindfulness on styles of decision-making (p < 0.01) and Moreower, there are significant indirect effects of mindfulness on styles of decision-making through self-reflection (p < 0.01). According to the study it can be concluded that mindfulness both directly and through self-reflection, can affect efficient decision-making style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Study on Physiological Function Of Antifreeze Peptides, Extracted from Peronia peronii
Mohammad Amir Bitaab Jamileh Pazooki Sayyed Omid Ranaei SiadatInroduction and ObjectivePhysiological aspects of marine gastropod Peronia peronii as a true slug, guide us to study on its antifreeze peptides. Materials and Methods:Sampling was carried out during spring of 1391 in southern coast of the Qeshm Island. As we need a mini MoreInroduction and ObjectivePhysiological aspects of marine gastropod Peronia peronii as a true slug, guide us to study on its antifreeze peptides. Materials and Methods:Sampling was carried out during spring of 1391 in southern coast of the Qeshm Island. As we need a minimum natural changes for peptides extraction , samples moved to the lab alive. All body homogenized in liquid nitrogen after pull out the viscera. The extract passes through 10KD falcon filters then used for further purifications with RP-HPLC. ResultsThe results shown one of the HPLC fraction has antifreeze properties; freezing point is -41.2°c (average), melting point is -23.5°c (average) and 84.4 °c belong to boiling point. BSA with same concentration used as a control. Conclusion: The most probably aspect for existing these kinds of peptides may refer to adaptation of these gastropods for cold season. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Study of Changes Kidney Tissue of White Albino NMRI Mice affected by the Gasoil
Nasim Naeimi Zohreh Fazlollahi Hamid reza Adeli Kobra Zare Nima MehrabiInroduction & ObjectiveGasoil is one of mostly-used oil products applied as diesel fuel, for instance, which, since it consists of aromatic compounds, is among the most important environmental pollutants. Considering its harmful effects on living organisms and human bei MoreInroduction & ObjectiveGasoil is one of mostly-used oil products applied as diesel fuel, for instance, which, since it consists of aromatic compounds, is among the most important environmental pollutants. Considering its harmful effects on living organisms and human beings, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of gasoil ingestion on kidney factors of white Albino NMRI mice.Materials and Methods:40 adult mice, with an average weight of 28 grams, were placed in four groups. Adult male mice were placed in two groups including a control group and a treatment group and adult female mice were divided into two groups of control and treatment. For 14 days, the treatment groups were fed once per day with 0.2cc of pure gasoil solution with a ratio of 6.6 mg/kg of the mice’s weightAfter weighing, anesthesia and macroscopic and microscopic studies of through the slides prepared, the desired parameters measured using the software motik. Then, the analyses were performed using SPSS V:19 software.ResultsIn the male and female extreatmentgroupscompared to thecontrol group in Variations in kidney tissue,indicated a significantrelationship(Pthe outercortex(except theinnercortex) kidney(30%,40%), increased thickness of the internal and externalmedulla(20%,21%). Reduced diameter of the proximal (43%) and distal tubule(30%), increased diameter of collecting tubule(60%,30%).Conclusion: Due to the increased use of gasoil and generalization of the results of the present research to human kidney tissue damage, this substance imposes irrecoverable damages on human health. Hence, necessary measures should be taken by authorities for replacing, reducing its effects and raising public awareness of the methods of dealing with its effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Effect of Green Tea Extract on HER2 Gene Expression in Gastric Cancerous Cells Line (AGS)
Sepiedeh Derakhshan Zahra Deilami KhiabaniInroduction & Objective: Gastric cancer is second leading cause of cancer related death in the world. Use of anticancer herbal drugs because of having fewer side effects is of importance. green tea is one of herbal medicines which contain anticancer effect.The aim of th MoreInroduction & Objective: Gastric cancer is second leading cause of cancer related death in the world. Use of anticancer herbal drugs because of having fewer side effects is of importance. green tea is one of herbal medicines which contain anticancer effect.The aim of this study has been to investigating changes in gene expression of HER-2 in green tea treated human AGS adenocarcinoma cells lines. Material and Methods:AGS cells were treated with the aqueous extract of green tea in different concentrations including 800,1200 and 2000 μg/ml. After 48 hrs and 72hrs treatment, RNA extraction has been done. Following cDNA synthesis, the rate of expression of HER-2 gene was evaluated using Real time PCR. Results: The over expression of HER-2 gene has been shown in 800 μg/ml of green tea extract. In dose of 1200 μg/ml and 2000 μg/ml of green tea extract significant reduction in HER-2 gene have been shown and the most reduction has been observed in 72 hours treatment and the concentration of 2000 μg/ml green tea extract.Conclusion:Green tea extract in high concentrations, is the reason of decreasing the rate of HER2 gene expression and this factor can prevent the development and progression of gastric cancer cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - The effect of fennel extracted on the probiotic activities in the Drosophila melanogaster and study on the reproductive performance of male Drosophila melanogaster
ابوالحسن رضایی مسعود قانع شیدا اخشابیInroduction & Objective: In the present study, the effect of fennel extract on Drosophila fertility and its role in probiotics were investigated.Probiotics with the activity of the gastrointestinal tract produce numerous vitamins and proteins that are needed for fer MoreInroduction & Objective: In the present study, the effect of fennel extract on Drosophila fertility and its role in probiotics were investigated.Probiotics with the activity of the gastrointestinal tract produce numerous vitamins and proteins that are needed for fertility in flies and in general in different organisms. Material and Method:Fennel extracts were divided into different concentrations. Concentrations containing 25, 50 and 75 mg / ml were added to the culture medium then the number of male spermatozoa were counted under light microscopy to be placed in A medium. Numbers of accessory gland cells, cell size and accessory gland size were observed by light microscopy. Also, accessory gland proteins were isolated and all data were analyzed by SPSS. PCR technique was also performed. Results: The mean number of sperm was 6440 and 3995, the number of accessory gland cells was 3502 and 1364, the size of accessory gland cells was 0.0675 and 0.0286 mm 2, the size of accessory gland was 0.339 and 0.391 cm 2, respectively. The protein of accessory gland 19/16 and 16/95 μg, respectively, were in the concentration of fennel (75 mg / ml) and concentration (25 mg / ml), respectively. The results of analysis showed that fennel had a significant effect on increasing fertility. It showed that a band of approximately 300 bp was observed on the gel. Conclusion: The results showed that when the higher concentration of fennel extract (75mg / ml) was used in the culture medium, the fertility rate in male Drosophila was higher than the lower concentration (25mg / ml) and in the control group. In the present study, the presence of probiotics indicates changes in the culture medium and its effect on fertility rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Physiological and behavioral effects of feeding of Argas reflexus larvae in laboratory mice
Farid Rezaei Maryam Maryam Karimi-Dehkord Forogh KhavaranInroduction & Objective: Argas reflexus or pigeon tick is a soft tick of Argas genus. This tick is an external parasite of poultry that often feeds on pigeon blood and is one of the most important pigeon ectoparasites that can endanger human health. The aim of this MoreInroduction & Objective: Argas reflexus or pigeon tick is a soft tick of Argas genus. This tick is an external parasite of poultry that often feeds on pigeon blood and is one of the most important pigeon ectoparasites that can endanger human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and behavioral effects of feeding Argas reflexus larvae on mice. Material and Method: After collecting the Argas reflexus ticks and in vitro production of their larvae, mice were infected with 30, 40 and 50 larvae in three treatments, respectively, and 5 mice were treated in each treatment. Then, Physiological symptoms such as changes in weight and temperature, behavioral changes and skin symptoms were monitored and recorded daily. Results: The results of this study show with increasing the number of larvae in infected mice, the severity of symptoms also increase. It also seems that in addition to the number of larvae, the longer feeding of larvae from the body of laboratory animals, the greater the severity of clinical and cutaneous symptoms and their stability. Conclusion: According to the results, it is necessary to pay attention to the dangers of the presence of this tick in birds as the main host of this tick and also in the habitat of humans and to develop control and preventive programs against this tick. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - The Effect of Adding Different Level of Fennel Extracted on the Fertility of Drosophila melanogaster and its Effect on the Density of Probiotics in its Intestine Using Qreal-Time PCR Technique
ابوالحسن رضایی Masood Ghane sheida AkhshabiIInroduction & Objective:The aim of this study, was additive extraxted fennel in the medium for increasing reproductive performance, concentration of probiotices by using qRT-PCR technique.Materials and Methods:In the present study, fennel extracted was MoreIInroduction & Objective:The aim of this study, was additive extraxted fennel in the medium for increasing reproductive performance, concentration of probiotices by using qRT-PCR technique.Materials and Methods:In the present study, fennel extracted was divided into different concentrations. Concentrations including 25, 50 and 75 µg /ml were added to the culture medium. In addition, a control sample was used to confirm the results. Parameters of mating latency and copulation duration, was measured by coronometr instrument. Fecundity and fertility also were count by Loop on the medium. The flies were studied for two months.Results: In this study, concentration of 25,50,75 µg/ ml and control group was used. The results showed concentration of 75µg/ml was significant decreasing mating latency and increasing copulation duration, fecundity and fertility parameters were showed. Moreover were confirmed lactobacilus brevis by PCR technique In addition using qRT-PCR technique and confirmed higher expression in 16srDNA when used 75µg/ml concentration.Conclusion: According to the present study, the higher fennel extracted has been effective on gene expression in probiotics and also on the reproductive performance of flies showed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Evaluation of expression level of circulating miR-34a and miR-375 in the plasma of gastric cancer patients in Guilan province
Tolou Babaei Hemmaty Najmeh Ranji Fatemeh SafariIntroduction and Objective: Gastric cancer is the sixth most frequent malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world with poor survival rate. Early detection may increase patient’s survival and reduce mortality. miRNAs are small non-coding RN MoreIntroduction and Objective: Gastric cancer is the sixth most frequent malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world with poor survival rate. Early detection may increase patient’s survival and reduce mortality. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which function as negative regulators of genes expression in post-transcriptional level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of miR-34a and miR-375 in the plasma of gastric cancer patients in Guilan province.Methods and materials: In this study, 25 gastric cancer patients and 25 healthy individuals in Guilan province during 2018-2019 were enrolled. The expression of miR-34a and miR-375 was evaluated in plasma of patients with Gastric cancer and healthy individuals by Q-RT-PCR method. The correlation between their expression and patient’s clinicopathological characteristics was also investigated. ROC curve analysis of the miRNAs was performed.Results: There was no significant difference in the plasma level of miR-34a and miR-375 in gastric cancer patients compared to control. There was no significant difference between the the plasma level of miR-34a and miR-375 and clinicopathological features of patients. Area under the curve (AUC) value of ROC analysis for miR-34a was 0.56±0.08 (P=0.42). Area under the curve (AUC) value of ROC analysis for miR-375 was 0.62±0.08 (P=0.14).Conclusion: Our results suggested that miR-34a and miR-375 probably don’t be appropriate biomarkers for diagnosis of gastric cancer in Guilan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Comparison of the effect of Haloperidol on changes of the ovarian tissue ultrastructure and the level of the sex steroid hormones in Trichogaster trichopterus
اورعی اورعی طاهره ناجی Homayon Hosseinzadeh sahafiIntroduction & Objective: Studies suggest that haloperidol has anti-psychotic effects through the inhibition of dopamine receptors in the nervous system. Morus alba L. leaf extract is also known as an herbal medicine with dopamine blocking effect similar to haloperi MoreIntroduction & Objective: Studies suggest that haloperidol has anti-psychotic effects through the inhibition of dopamine receptors in the nervous system. Morus alba L. leaf extract is also known as an herbal medicine with dopamine blocking effect similar to haloperidol. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of haloperidol and Morus alba L. leaf extract on steroid hormones and ovarian tissue ultrastructure in adult Trichogaster trichopterus fish.Materials and methods: 120 pieces of Trichogaster trichopterus adult female fish were obtained from the ornamental fish breeding workshop in Qazvin, and after preparing the aquariums, they were divided into 8 intact control groups and solvent control groups, and three groups of doses of 0.05, 0.1, and 2. 0 mg/kg of haloperidol drug and three groups of doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg of Morus alba L. leaf ethanol extract. Injections were done 10 times and every other day in a period of 20 days in the amount of 0.02 ml in the muscle between the dorsal fin and the lateral line of the fish. At the end of euthanasia of the fish, gonadosomatic index, steroid hormones and the ultrastructure of ovarian tissue were investigated in the treatment and control groups.Results: Haloperidol drug in all doses caused a significant decrease in gonadosomatic index, 17-beta estradiol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone hormones (P<0.05) and had no significant effect on testosterone hormone (P>0.05). While white mulberry leaf extract increased gonadosomatic index and steroid hormones (P<0.05).Conclusion: By increasing the dose of haloperidol, the level of gonadosomatic index and beta-estradiol decreased, but these effects were not dose-dependent. Also, the administration of , Morus alba L leaf ethanolic extract showed a less harmful effect on the level of sex hormones and gonadosomatic index than haloperidol. Nevertheless, it seems that the dose of 50-200 mg/kg is not sufficient and appropriate dose to observe the sexual effects of mulberry leaf plant and it is better to prescribe higher doses so that the dose-dependent effects can be observed better by increasing the concentration of flavonoids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Comparison the effect of melatonin and the selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake citalopram drug on the ultrastructure of liver tissue and hepatic enzymes in Adult Female three-spotted gourami Fish (Trichogaster trichopterus)
Mohammadreza Pouravaz طاهره ناجی Homayon Hosseinzadeh sahafiBackground & Aims: Most of the various drugs that are used to treat various diseases are metabolized in the liver. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of melatonin and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug citalopram on liver tissue ultrastr MoreBackground & Aims: Most of the various drugs that are used to treat various diseases are metabolized in the liver. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of melatonin and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drug citalopram on liver tissue ultrastructure and liver enzymes in adult female Trichogaster. Materials & Methods: For this purpose, 120 pieces of Trichogaster with an average weight of 4.23 ± 0.70 g divided into eight groups of 15, which included the control groups, solvent intact, three groups which received citalopram with a dose of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg and three treatment groups receiving melatonin with doses of 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg. A dose of 0.02 ml of the drug was injected intramuscularly between the dorsal fin and the lateral line every other day for 10 times, over a period of 20 days. Then, the fish were euthanized and dissected. Results: The results showed that melatonin and citalopram had a significant effect on the level of all liver enzymes compared to the control groups (P<0.05). The highest levels of ALT, AST and ALP were measured after the injection of 20 mg/kg citalopram (P<0.05). In fish treated with the highest concentration of melatonin and all concentrations of citalopram, dissociation between hepatocytes and expansion of sinusoids occurred. Fat vacuoles were formed in high concentrations of melatonin and citalopram. Conclusion: Therefore, melatonin at a concentration of 100 mg/kg and citalopram at a concentration higher than 5 mg/kg have a negative effect on the ultrastructure of liver tissue and liver enzymes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - study the effect of Ziziphora Extract on Claudin1 Gene Expression in Cancerous Cell line AGS.
Zahra Deilami Khiabani Sara NayyeriBackground & Aims: Claudins are the main structural and functional proteins of tight junctions in epithelial cells. The altered expression patterns of differ­ent claudin members have been demonstrated in a variety of diseases, particularly in cancers. It h MoreBackground & Aims: Claudins are the main structural and functional proteins of tight junctions in epithelial cells. The altered expression patterns of differ­ent claudin members have been demonstrated in a variety of diseases, particularly in cancers. It has been reported that claudin 1 is overexpressed 22-fold in gastric adenocarcinoma. Considering the least side effect of herbal extracts, in this study we have evaluated claudin-1 gene expression in AGS cells treated with ziziphora extract.Materials and Methods: The AGS cells were incubated 37°C containing 5% CO2 with 85% humidity DMEM with 10% FBS . The cells were treated with concentrations of 800, 1200, 2000 μg /ml of ziziphora for 48 and 72 hours. Extraction of RNA, synthesis of cDNA has been done using kit. The study of claudin-1 gene expression was performed by Real time PCR and also GAPDH gene was used as the internal control. Data analysis was performed with 2 - ΔΔCT and statistically analyzed by T-Test .Results: The results of Real time PCR data have shown in 48 hours treatment, reduction of 7 and 2.3 fold with concentrations of 800 and 1200 μg /ml of ziziphora respectively and in 72 hours treatment, reduction of 5.8 and 10 fold have seen in concentrations of 800 and 1200μg /ml of ziziphora, respectively and there was no significant change in concentration of 2000μg / ml in both treatments.Conclusion: Ziziphora extract in 1200 μg /ml concentration, reduced the expression of claudin-1 remarkably. Claudin-1 may become therapeutic targets for cancer treatment and ziziphora as a herbal extract decreased the expression rate of claudin1significantly, in lower concentrations treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Effect of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extract on Bcl_2 and Bax Genes Expression in Gastric Cancerous Cell Line (AGS)
maryam Haghgoo Khomami Zahra DeilamiInroduction & Objective: Gastric cancer is second leading cause of cancer related death in the world. Use of herbal drugs because of having fewer side effects is of importance. The anticancer effects of catechin polyphenols in green tea have key role in promoting ca MoreInroduction & Objective: Gastric cancer is second leading cause of cancer related death in the world. Use of herbal drugs because of having fewer side effects is of importance. The anticancer effects of catechin polyphenols in green tea have key role in promoting cancer cells to apoptosis. The aim of this study is to determine the changes in the expression rate of Bax and Bcl_2 genes in AGS cells after treatment with green tea extract. Materials and Methods: Concentrations of 800, 1200, 2000 μg /ml of Green Tea extraction were treated in AGS cells as two groups 48 and 72 hours. Extraction of RNA, synthesis of cDNA and the study of genes expression was performed by Real time PCR and also GAPDH gene was used as reference gene. Results: The results of Real time PCR data analysis by 2- Ct method shows significant increase expression rate of Bax / Bcl_2 genes in doses of 800, 1200 and 2000 μg / ml for times of 48 and 72 hours. Conclusion: Green tea is the reason of increasing Bax/Bcl_2 ratio which it is dependent to concentration and time, and it can lead cancerous cell to programed cell death. This extract can be useful in the treatment of gastric cancer for patients with this cancer. To clarify the effective molecules and their mechanisms, further studies are undertaken on animal models and humans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Investigating the Effect of Joint Geometry of the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process on the Residual Stress and Distortion using the Finite Element Method
A Shiri A Heidari -
Open Access Article
187 - The Fracture Toughness of the Welding Zone in Gas Transfer Steel Pipes by Experimental and Numerical Methods
M. R Torshizian M Boustani -
Open Access Article
188 - Dynamic and Quasi-Static Plastic Behavior of Single and Nested Thin-Walled Square Tubes Under Lateral Loading
B Shabani S Gohari Rad A Alijani R Rajabiehfard -
Open Access Article
189 - Investigation of the tolerance of promising lines of durum wheat and two wheat cultivars to E. integriceps in Neyshabur
isa jabaleh Ghazaleh Eshaghi Majid TaherianThe Sunn pest, E. integriceps, is the most important pest of wheat fields in Iran. In order to investigate the lines of Durum wheat in terms of resistance to E. integriceps, was conducted experimental in 2016, Neyshabour Research Center. The experimental design was a ra MoreThe Sunn pest, E. integriceps, is the most important pest of wheat fields in Iran. In order to investigate the lines of Durum wheat in terms of resistance to E. integriceps, was conducted experimental in 2016, Neyshabour Research Center. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of 20 genotype: 18 lines of durum wheat, two cultivars of Dena control and Parsi wheat cultivar. According to the results, the highest number of overwintered adults of E. integriceps was located in genotype 1 (Dena wheat) and the lowest in genotypes 12, 2 (Persian wheat) and 16. The highest number of damaged leaves was in genotype 11 and the lowest number was in genotypes 16, 10 and 6. Investigating the traits of number of sprouts showed that genotypes number 1 and 6 had the highest and lowest number of buds respectively. The days to spike emergence and number of days to physiological treatment were affected by the treatments. The highest number of days until the appearance of spike was genotype number 18 and the least of these traits were genotypes number 9, 1, 11 and 14. The maximum length of peduncle was recorded in genotypes Number 11, 9 and 15, and the lowest peduncle length was observed in genotypes1 (Dana), 16, 18 and 19. There was no significant difference between the 20 genotypes in terms of yield, biological yield and harvest index. Genotypes 1, 13 and 18, along with the important indices of Yp, Ys and GMP in the region with high production potential and low sensitivity to E. integriceps Genotypes adjacent to SSI and TOL sensitivity indexes (Genotyp 4) are also low 1000 seeds weight. Weight of 1000 grains in non-activity of E. integriceps condition (Yp) had a positive and significant correlation with geometric mean (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI) and yield index (YI). Weight of 1000 seeds in terms of activity of E. integriceps (YS), was a positive and significant correlation with all indices. Accordingly, the mean of productivity (MP), geometric mean (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI) and yeild index (YI) were the only indices that showed a positive and significant correlation with grain yield in terms of E. integriceps activity and E. integriceps inactivity. Finally, within the scope of the study, three genotypes 1, 13 and 18 were sunn pest tolerant genotypes in Neyshabur region and genotypes 4, 7 and 15 were susceptible to sunn pest with lowest 1000 seeds weight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - The first report of the genus Asternolaelaps and family Ichthyostomatogasteridae (Acari : Mesostigmata) from Iran
Hadi Ostovan Gholamreza BeyzaviDuring 2010, a faunistic study was conducted to collect and identify the edaphic mites associated with oak trees in south of Kamfiruz region (Fars province). A new species of the genus Asternolaelaps belonginig to family Ichthyostomatogasteridae (Acari : Mesostigm MoreDuring 2010, a faunistic study was conducted to collect and identify the edaphic mites associated with oak trees in south of Kamfiruz region (Fars province). A new species of the genus Asternolaelaps belonginig to family Ichthyostomatogasteridae (Acari : Mesostigmata) was collected and identified. This family and genus are new records for mite fauna of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Diversity of morphometric characteristics of Eurygaster integriceps in Kurdistan Province
Javad NAZEMI RAFIE Mostafa MANSOURGHAZI Sara SALEHIThe wheat bug, Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), is one of the major wheat pests causing high yield loss in terms of wheat production in the Iran. Morphometric differentiations may explain biogeographic distinctions among populations of a given species. MoreThe wheat bug, Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), is one of the major wheat pests causing high yield loss in terms of wheat production in the Iran. Morphometric differentiations may explain biogeographic distinctions among populations of a given species. The shape variations of female and male adults were evaluated by 12 morphometric indexes. Sampling was conducted in May and July of 2012 in Kurdistan Province. 30 samples of female adults and 30 samples of male adults were sampled from each of selected areas (sum 600 samples from 10 areas). Results showed that female adults divided to three clusters. Female adults were larger than male adults. Female population collected from Ghorve area had the maximum length (12.11±0.05) and width (7.64±0.03) of body, length (3.3±0.02) and width (7.27±0.02) of pronotum and width of scutellum (5.25±0.02 mm). Results of discriminant analysis (DFA) showed that female adults can differentiate populations (36.7%) more that male adults (32.7%). cluster analysis differentiated female and male populations completely by UPGMA method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Aesthetics of self-censorship in prose works of the Mughal period )Relying on JahangOsha and Naftha al-Masdoor(
Mohammad Amin Rajbi Reza Sadeghi Shahpar Shahrooz JamaliSelf-censorship is an action during which the author takes into account the political and social conditions of the society and for the purpose of self-censorship, it is one of the actions taken by the author or poet, based on reasons such as the influence of individual MoreSelf-censorship is an action during which the author takes into account the political and social conditions of the society and for the purpose of self-censorship, it is one of the actions taken by the author or poet, based on reasons such as the influence of individual power, social, political, religious and belief conditions and under the cover of titles such as Self-restraint and expediency are applied to the produced works. This action can be seen in the works of most authors of the Mughal period. Attamalek Joyni and Zaydri Nesvi are among these writers; Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of aesthetic investigation of self-censorship in Jahangasha and Naftha al-Masdoor; In order to clarify the beauty and self-censorship topics in the works of these two prominent writers of the Mongol era. The authors' method in this essay is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies. The results show that the authors of this period have played a major role in the beauty of this literary phenomenon by being ambiguous and using techniques and techniques such as metaphor, allegory, symbol, code and irony, and complexity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Operating cash aesthetic imagination in the poetry of Ibn Khfajh and Badriddin Hilali baimagination Gaston Bachelardsed on the principles of poetic
Farhad Naderi MohammadAli MoazeniFiction Reviews is Between thematic and structural criticism Trying to focus on imagination, the local psychoanalytic systematic study of poetic images pay based on the continued presence of one or more elements of the four elements in poetic fantasies, creativity and o MoreFiction Reviews is Between thematic and structural criticism Trying to focus on imagination, the local psychoanalytic systematic study of poetic images pay based on the continued presence of one or more elements of the four elements in poetic fantasies, creativity and originality, imagination poets specify. Without a doubt, criticism imagination, through discussions between poetry and psychology and the subconscious mind, a way to interpret the lyrics more open and poetry of the fence stereotypical Reviews releases. The main objective of this paper is to review those poems Andalusian Ibn Khfajh Badriddin Hilali is written based on the inspiration of two elements, fire and water, Trying to identify the creativity of the poet in poetic images and answer the questions that Ibn Khfajh and arches in the creation of his poetic images, the extent of these two elements inspired? Subscribe to poetry readings and creative imagination in these two poets, to what extent has active? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - A Fuzzy Goal-Programming Model for Optimization of Sustainable Supply Chain by Focusing on the Environmental and Economic Costs and Revenue: A Case Study
Mohammad Reza Zamanian Ehsan Sadeh Zeinolabedin Amini Sabegh Reza Ehtesham Rasi -
Open Access Article
195 - Effect of juvenile hormone inhibitors on mature nymph of the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), in vitro
F. Kafi Farashah R. Vafaei-Shoushtari H. Farazmand Gh. Golmohammadi E. SanatgarThe Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), is one of the most important pest of wheat in Iran and some neighboring countries. The nymphs and adults cause sever quantitative and qualitative damage by feeding on leaves, stems and grains. Unfor MoreThe Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), is one of the most important pest of wheat in Iran and some neighboring countries. The nymphs and adults cause sever quantitative and qualitative damage by feeding on leaves, stems and grains. Unfortunately, pesticide application is the main method of the sunn pest control, so finding the alternative methods are important. Precocene which is a juvenile hormone inhibitor, exerts cytotoxic effects on corpora allata of insects species, resulting necrosis of parenchymal cells, the source of juvenile hormone. At laboratory studies, precocene I and precocene II with different concentrations (0, 20, 25, 32, 40 and 50 μg) were applied topically to the thoracic surface of the fifth instar nymphs. The results showed that percent mortality increased with increasing concentrations of the hormones. The highest mortality (50%) was observed in concentration of 50 μg precocene II. Treated nymphs with precocene I and II led to appearing of deformed insects in fifth instar and adults. Also, the morphological abnormalities such as strong deformation of wings and hemelytron and persistence of old cuticles were observed. Increasing nymphal period was also resulted using precocenes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Efficiency of 1x1 meter quadrat for estimating of over-wintered adults of Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Hem., Scutelleridae) populations in rainfed wheat field
A. Mohseni AminThis research was carried out to evaluate different aspects of one square meter quadrat size to estimate sunn pest over-wintered adults, Eurygaster integriceps Put.(Hem., Scutelleridae) in rainfed wheat field of Borujerd, north of Lorestan province, Iran, during 2003 an MoreThis research was carried out to evaluate different aspects of one square meter quadrat size to estimate sunn pest over-wintered adults, Eurygaster integriceps Put.(Hem., Scutelleridae) in rainfed wheat field of Borujerd, north of Lorestan province, Iran, during 2003 and 2004. Iwao’s regression had higher determination coefficients (r2=0.93) and showed a better fit as compared to r2 values calculated by Taylor’s power law (r2=0.86). Iwao’s patchiness regression slope (β=1.07±0.05) was not significantly larger than 1.0. Consequently, random dispersion pattern was determined for over-wintered adults in rainfed wheat fields. Therefore, Kuno’s fixed precision sequential sampling scheme based on Iwao’s parameters was constructed for overwintered adults of E. integriceps. An additional nine independent data sets, was used to validate the fixed-precision sequential sampling plans with resampling software of RVSP. Sample size curves indicated that estimating over-wintered adult population in rainfed field can be accomplished with a few sampling efforts when population is >2 insects per quadrat. For example only six samples need to be taken for the over-wintered adults, on average to achieve a precision of 0.25 (Dexp=0.25) when =3 insects per quadrat. However, sample sizes increase suddenly when population density is less than 0.3 insects per quadrat. Based on these results, 1*1m quadrat is not recommended to estimate number of over-wintered adults in rainfed wheat field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Studying on the efficacy of gaseous ozone to control the cowpea weevil
Z. Tajik A. Marouf E. SanatgarCowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) is the most important pest of pulses & caused heavy damage to them. Based on published documents, gaseous ozone caused to mortality of some stored pest adults. In this study the effect of different concentrations of ozone MoreCowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) is the most important pest of pulses & caused heavy damage to them. Based on published documents, gaseous ozone caused to mortality of some stored pest adults. In this study the effect of different concentrations of ozone (3500, 5000, 6500 ppm) gas against eggs of C. maculatus on cowpea & in the larvae stage of C. maculatus on the cowpea, green gram & chick pea & concentrations of 700, 1200 & 1700 ppm against adults of C. maculatus on the cowpea have been tested. Penetration efficacy of ozone gas in depth of 20, 40, 60 cm into the mass of cowpea, green gram & chick pea bulk for exposure times of 10 & 20 minutes onto a C. maculatus has been studied separately. Then, effect of different ozone concentrations (5500, 6500, 7500 ppm) on germination of cowpea, green gram & chick pea have been evaluated. Based on results, the concentration of 6500 ppm provided 54.8% mortality to eggs & 100, 93.3 & 36.1 percent to larvae in cowpea, green gram & chickpea respectively. Concentration of 1700 ppm induced 97% mortality to adults. Twenty minutes exposure time for adults in depth of 60 cm of cowpea, green gram & chick pea bulk resulted %72.25, %92.5, %100 mortality respectively. Moreover, 30 minutes exposure time had %100 of mortality of adults in depth of 60 cm. In addition to above results, no negative effects were observed on percentage of germination due to different concentrations of gaseous ozone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - The first report of Ceratophysella stercoraria (Stach, 1963) (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) from Kermanshah province
M. kahrarianThe family Hypogastruidae is one of the most common Collembola in the world. This family includes approximately 659 world species in about 40 genera (Park & Park, 2006). The genus Ceratophysella also is one of the largest genera of Hypogastruridae, with more than 10 MoreThe family Hypogastruidae is one of the most common Collembola in the world. This family includes approximately 659 world species in about 40 genera (Park & Park, 2006). The genus Ceratophysella also is one of the largest genera of Hypogastruridae, with more than 108 known species (Bellinger et al., 2006). This study was carried out in Kermanshah region from March to September 2011. Samples were collected from the leaf litter and upper soil layer of fruit orchard in Kermanshah region. The species were extracted by Berlese Funnel and stored in 75% ethanol. After cleaning and preparing, specimen slides were sent to Dr. Dariusz Sharzynski (Zoological Institute of Wroclaw University) for identification. The specimens identified as Ceratophysella stercoraria which this specieswas new for Iran fauna. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Extraction and determination of group of volatile organic compounds by headspace - solid phase microextraction - gas chromatography in tea and vegetable samples
Mahboobeh Dehghani Maryam Kazemipour Mehdi Ansari Mehdi shahidizandiIn this study, a composite coating of polypyrrole/modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes/modified activated carbon prepared from hazelnut shells (PPy/MWCNTs/AC), was electrochemically synthesized and used for analyzing a group of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in tea and MoreIn this study, a composite coating of polypyrrole/modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes/modified activated carbon prepared from hazelnut shells (PPy/MWCNTs/AC), was electrochemically synthesized and used for analyzing a group of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in tea and vegetable samples. In order to obtain an adherent and stable composite coating, the effective parameters on electrodeposition process were optimized using the one-variable-at-a-time procedure, as well as the effective parameters in the desorption step of analytes was performed by this method. Based on the results, the deposition potential of 1 V, the deposition time of 1000 seconds, the desorption temperature of 280 ° C and the desorption time of 5 minutes were considered as the optimal values. To optimize the effective parameters in the extraction stage, the experimental design was used. Finally, the extraction temperature was 25 ° C, the extraction time was 30 minutes and the amount of salt was 10%. The calibration curve for each analyte in a range was linear as follows: 2 ̶ 15 µg ̸ L (fluorene and phenanthrene), 2 ̶ 10 µg ̸ L (anthracene and pyrene) and 0.5 ̶ 8 µg ̸ L (naphthalene). Under the optimized conditions, the amounts of the detection limits (LODs) calculated at S ̸ N proportion of 3, were varied from 0.06 to 0.9 µg ̸ L. The RSDs% of the peak areas ranged between 0.5 and 8.6%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Study The Effect of Reducing the Toxicity of Oil Pollution by Crude Oil-Degrading Bacteria Symbiotic with the Gastropod Isolated From the Persian Gulf on the Quality of Seafood
Nasrin Ansari Farokh Rokhbakhsh-Zamin Mehdi Hassanshahian Majid AskariThe Persian Gulf is the most important marine environment in the world. Because annually about 25000 oil tankers transfer in this Gulf and oil spill and pollution are so much in this area. The relationship between marine animals and degrading bacteria not well understan MoreThe Persian Gulf is the most important marine environment in the world. Because annually about 25000 oil tankers transfer in this Gulf and oil spill and pollution are so much in this area. The relationship between marine animals and degrading bacteria not well understand. The aim of this study is the characterization of symbiont crude oil-degrading bacteria in some Gastropods in the Persian Gulf. Gastropods were collected from five stations at the Persian Gulf. Symbiont crude oil-degrading bacteria were isolated from collected Gastropod by enrichment in ONR7a medium after 4 subcultures. The isolated bacteria were identified by biochemical and molecular methods. The effect of reducing the toxicity of heavy metals and the total amount of petroleum hydrocarbons on farmed fish and shrimp meat was investigated by decomposing bacteria. The degradation of crude oil was determined by spectrophotometry methods for each strain. In this study, 2 crude oil-degrading bacteria IAUK3585, IAUK3586 were isolated from Gastropod. The efficient strain that had the Thalassospira profundimaris and strain IAUK3586 the efficient strain that had the highest crude oil degradation belonged to genera. The results of reducing the toxicity of heavy metals and the total amount of petroleum hydrocarbons proved that the total amount of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in the pond with decomposing bacteria compared to the pond without decomposing bacteria and oil contamination and the pond without any These conditions were significantly reduced. This result proves that the decomposing bacteria that coexist with the abdomen have a significant effect on increasing the quality of fish and shrimp meat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Geothermal conditions of hydrocarbon formation in the South Caspian basin
Vagif Kerimov Michael Rachinsky Rustam Mustaev Uliana Serikova -
Open Access Article
202 - Exploration and development of Shale gas in China: A review
Nafees Ali Saqib Jamil Muhammad Zaheer Wakeel Hussain Hadi Hussain Sayed Muhammad Iqbal Haaayat Ullah -
Open Access Article
203 - Presenting a Model of Product Development Process Management in Gas Refining Company
Hooman Keshavarzi Seyedjavad Iranban Moqaddaseh Mohammadian -
Open Access Article
204 - Developing a Strategic Model of Public Relations Promotion with an Emphasis on Media Literacy System
Hossein Arab Mehrdad Matani Mojtaba Tabari Ali Fallah -
Open Access Article
205 - Special Conditions Designing a Development Model for Optimizing the Production of Gasoline Products in the Oil Refinery in Spring and Summer
Babak Dashtkar Saber Khandanalamdari Neda Farahbakhsh -
Open Access Article
206 - Studying the effects of Gas and Liquid velocities in modeling of the simultaneous removal CO2 and H2S using MEA in a hollow fiber membrane contactor
E Amirahmadia M Talaghat -
Open Access Article
207 - Advance polymeric membrane to CO2 separation
Samaneh Bandehali Abdolreza Moghadassi -
Open Access Article
208 - Calixarene Drug deleivery invistegation of Calixarene compounds with conection by histidine L and D stereochemistry
Hooriye Yahyaei Neda Hasanzadeh -
Open Access Article
209 - Investigating and analyzing the interactions between factors affecting supply chain agility improvement by interpretive structural modeling in oil and gas industry
samira ghasemi shahrzad tayaran Ezato lah asghari zadeThis study aims to identify the most important factors affecting the improvement of supply chain agility and determine the leveling of interactions between the factors affecting to improvement of supply chain agility and mapping network relations in the oil and gas indu MoreThis study aims to identify the most important factors affecting the improvement of supply chain agility and determine the leveling of interactions between the factors affecting to improvement of supply chain agility and mapping network relations in the oil and gas industry from experts’ point of view. Reviewing the research literature, the opinion of 30 experts regarding the supply chain of South Pars oil and gas companies were asked and determined. Using Fuzzy Delphi technique, 7 indicators out of 14 were identified and selected. Then, a structured matrix questionnaire was used for interpreting structural modeling to obtain the model and prioritize the indicators. The data from the questionnaire was drawn through an interpretive structural modeling and analyzed in 5 levels in an interactive grid. Consequently, information sharing and using the innovation were reanked at the highest level (the fifth level) while supplier participation, and strategic resources were ranked at the fourth level. Communication with customers ranked at the third level and reliability and assurance of delivery found the next rank which is the second level. The flexibility of production was ranked the first and the lowst among the others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Application of Genetic Algorithm for Optimization of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Transport and cooling Supply Chain Costs
rasoul rezaei Davood Gharakhani Reza Ehtesham RasiThe cooling supply chain, due to its high energy consumption and refrigerant emissions, has high levels of greenhouse gas emissions and is one of the largest carbon emitters. In the cold supply chain, products should be stored at low and near or below freezing points. F MoreThe cooling supply chain, due to its high energy consumption and refrigerant emissions, has high levels of greenhouse gas emissions and is one of the largest carbon emitters. In the cold supply chain, products should be stored at low and near or below freezing points. For this purpose, refrigerated warehouses and refrigerated trucks are essential. Therefore, this research aims to design a linear multi-objective decision-making model for supply chain management Which aims to reduce the overall supply chain cost, including the cost of capacity, transportation, inventory as well as costs associated with the effects of global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions. To analyze the research problem, a mathematical model for optimizing the supply chain has been designed and genetic algorithm has been used to solve this problem. The results of the first function test indicate that the model is high in the number of customers, and when the distributor's number is equal to the number of producers, the best one is possible. The second function analysis concludes that reducing the restoration time of the facility is effective in minimizing the first function, reducing costs and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, according to the stated contents and the results obtained in this research, it can be pointed out that by optimizing the vehicles and also the proper use of the optimal number of means of transport, it can be expected that the pollution and proliferation of gases The greenhouse is at least possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - A dynamic model for the optimal and sustainable development of the use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) buses in Tehran
Seyed Jamalaldin Razavinasab Mahdi Fadaei Ashkiki Mahdi Homayounfar Maryam OoshaksaraieEnergy consumption management is essential because the natural resources should be preserved for the future people, and environment, the economy and the energy security of the country are also considered. Air pollution in Tehran has increased very much and thousands of MoreEnergy consumption management is essential because the natural resources should be preserved for the future people, and environment, the economy and the energy security of the country are also considered. Air pollution in Tehran has increased very much and thousands of people die every year because of it. In addition, the supply of diesel fuel under the current political circumstances of the country and the allocation of high value of subsidies to it have become a big problem for the government; the use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) buses for public transportation can be a solution to this problem. However, the CNG buses are not widely used in recent years. Based on historical approaches and using system dynamics (SD), the factors and feedback affecting the sustainable increase in the number CNG buses are identified in this paper and a dynamic model is introduced for the optimal and sustainable development of CNG buses. The model was validated and a 10-year period was simulated; according to the results, if the government does not increase the rate of its purchased CNG buses, the rate of the CBG buses being used now will be reduced from 38 percent to 14 percent in 2032. If 282 new CNG buses are purchased annually, the number of CNG buses and the number of diesel buses will be almost the same in 2032. Accordingly, fuel pollution produced by the buses and the fuel subsidies will be reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Presenting an Interpretive Structural modeling Approach of Agility Criteria (Case Study: Fajr Jam Gas Refinery)
Abbas Shoul Saeid SadeghiIn today’s competitive and fast-moving marketplace, agile manufacturing is one of the strongest tools to respond to customer demands. Companies face the high environmental change due to the high level of competition for personalized products, reducing production t MoreIn today’s competitive and fast-moving marketplace, agile manufacturing is one of the strongest tools to respond to customer demands. Companies face the high environmental change due to the high level of competition for personalized products, reducing production time and high speed of emerging technologies. These organizations need to increase their agility in order to adapt business processes with rapid changes and survive in the competitive environment. In the current changeable situation, everyone found that the only competitive advantage of organizations in the future is that managers learn how to learn faster than their competitors and this is meaning of agility concept. Most of the experts state that the most successful organizations in the future will be those who are agiler. The main aim of this research is to present a model to identify contributing factors in agility of Fajr Jam gas refinery. The data were collected from managers and experts of Fajr Jam gas refinery. In order to analyze data Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) was used, and relations between criteria were identified. Then using MICMAC analysis the amount of influence and dependence of each criterion was obtained. The result of analyzing data indicate that “empowered and multi-skilled workers” criterion with the greatest leverage, ranked as the most influential criteria. Finally, some practical offers and strategies for managers are provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Providing a Framework to Assess and Prioritize Risks in Outsourcing Projects in Bakhtiari Province Gas Company
Sohaila Ghasemi Pirbaluti Seyed Akbar Nilipour Tabatabaie Bijan KhayatbashiDue to the growing trend of use of the outsourcing approach in organizations, Gas Company of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, keep pace with developments in the outsourcing of Iran, implementing the most of their capital projects as the treaty. But according to the t MoreDue to the growing trend of use of the outsourcing approach in organizations, Gas Company of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, keep pace with developments in the outsourcing of Iran, implementing the most of their capital projects as the treaty. But according to the tenure of parts of operation service is still undertaking company and planning for outsourcing during the coming years in the agenda is located, in order to correctly use of outsourcing approach and improvement of Performance Company’s project, correct evaluation of risks before the outsourcing seems necessary in this organization. The purpose of this study provided a useful framework for identifying risks in the company's outsourcing projects and prioritizing them uses FMEA technique. Therefore, investigating the studies conducted, major risks and their effective factors were identified and classified considering the parameters of quality, cost and delivery time. Then, using of FMEA technique and based on the priority level of acquired risk severity, occurrence and detection, attempting to quantify and prioritize identified factors and providing corrective actions to control and reduce the risks. In this study, using a questionnaire survey and interviews with seven of the top executives of companies that are directly related to the issue is performed. Based on acquiring results, structural defects, functional defects, and delay in outsourcing project's implementation are more significant and currency exchange fluctuations factors, uncertainty of changing technology and customer requirements, lack of experience, expertise and knowledge in the field of outsourcing and lack of required skills for performance projects in high level and requires greater managerial control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Comparison of social and social exchange styles among patients with Gastrointestinal and cardiac cancer and normal group
Majid Saffarinia Mehdi KhaliliComparison of social and social exchange styles among patients withGastrointestinal and cardiac cancer and normal groupAbstractObjective: In the present study, the comparison of the sociological effects of behavior and social exchange style in cancer and heart patients MoreComparison of social and social exchange styles among patients withGastrointestinal and cardiac cancer and normal groupAbstractObjective: In the present study, the comparison of the sociological effects of behavior and social exchange style in cancer and heart patients with normal individuals was compared. Methods: The research community included cancer patients who had visited the offices of oncologists and cardiologists; 90 people were randomly selected and they were randomly divided into 3 groups of 30. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (one-way analysis of variance and follow-up test) were used. Individuals responded to Liebmann's (2011) and Pan-Socialism (2002) social exchange style questionnaires. Results: There was no significant difference between the social exchange style of people with heart disease and cancer and normal people. But there is a significant difference between the socialization of people with heart disease and cancer and that of normal people. Conclusion: By recognizing the characteristics of socialization and its negative effects, and recognizing the desired social exchange style, we can take a step towards the recovery of chronic patients with gastrointestinal cancer and heart patients.Keywords: social exchange style, socialism, gastrointestinal cancer and heart disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - A comparative study of the relationship between organizational culture and organizational health in Iran's state-owned companies in order to provide a suitable model
Mehran Darya Gholi Beighi alireza manzari tavakoli sanjar salajeghe Ayob sheikhyThis research was conducted with the aim of comparative investigation of the relationship between organizational culture and organizational health in Iran's state-owned companies in order to provide a suitable model. First, the components of each of the variables w MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of comparative investigation of the relationship between organizational culture and organizational health in Iran's state-owned companies in order to provide a suitable model. First, the components of each of the variables were identified according to library studies and then confirmed using experts' opinions. According to the purpose, this research was developmental-applicative. The data collection method was a combination of library and field studies. First, the components of organizational culture were identified through library studies and confirmed by using the Delphi method and asking the opinions of research experts. The statistical population of this research includes two groups of experts and employees of the Gas, Water and Urban Wastewater Company of Kerman province. One-sample t-test, two-sample t-test and structural equation modeling were used to check the hypotheses. 25 spss and Smart pls3 software were used for data analysis. The results of the comparison showed that from the point of view of the experts, the components in the two statistical communities were not different, and with the same components, the organizational culture in the two companies can be measured, but the organizational culture in the two companies had a significant difference. Also, the results showed that there was a positive relationship between the organizational culture and its components: collaborative culture, identity culture, adaptability culture, mission culture and organizational health in the city gas and water and sewage company of Kerman province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Prediction of Residual Gas Consumption using Temperature and Population of ConsumersUse case : Residual Consumers of Karaj
Masoud Akbari Mahdi Asghari Aliakbar Imami Satlou Parham Davari Shahnaz Salamat Thani Nahid Taherian Mansour GholinejdaNatural gas has a vital role as energy supplier in Iranian residual regions. According to reports of manager of dispatching department of National Iranian Gas Company, residual consumers had a share of 70 percentage of all manufactured natural gas, on cold days of 2021. MoreNatural gas has a vital role as energy supplier in Iranian residual regions. According to reports of manager of dispatching department of National Iranian Gas Company, residual consumers had a share of 70 percentage of all manufactured natural gas, on cold days of 2021. Also about 88 percentage of the country's electricity is supplied by fossil fuels, based on the report of Water and Electricity Industry. All of these statistics warn us about the importance of residential gas management. In this article, a nonlinear regression model was produced based on temperature and population of residential consumers in different periods of year. Also consumptions of residential consumers of Karaj city used to evaluate performance of the model. Results show that there is a meaningful correlation between selected features and consumed amount of natural gas that can help us to predict consumption more accurate in future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Numerical Simulation and the Effect of Rotational Speed on the Performance and Thickness of the Gas Film of Dry Gas Seal of the Centrifugal Compressor
Navid Bozorgan Arash Ostovari Nadia Jalalifar Moosa GhasemiIn this paper, using computational fluid dynamics, the dynamic properties of the flow in the two-way grooves of a centrifugal compressor gas seal are simulated. The computational area consists of a gas film between two fixed and rotating rings and the space inside the g MoreIn this paper, using computational fluid dynamics, the dynamic properties of the flow in the two-way grooves of a centrifugal compressor gas seal are simulated. The computational area consists of a gas film between two fixed and rotating rings and the space inside the grooves. Leak performance is tested at thicknesses of 3.08 and 5.08 μm. In order to perform the numerical solution, the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations are solved assuming complete gas using disorganized cells. The flow regime is considered layered. The results obtained include the pressure distribution. The results of numerical solution of the geometric model with bidirectional C-shaped groove were evaluated with Gabriel experimental results. Geometry discussed in this dissertation is the geometry of dry gas compressor C-14200 alkylation unit of Abadan Oil Company. The results show that the rotation speed of the Dry Gas Seal, or DGS for short, has a significant effect on the hydrodynamic effect, while the pressure of the outer radius and the thickness of the gas film both reduce the hydrodynamic effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Experimental Study of Interfacial Friction Factor and Shear Stress in Counter-current Two-phase Flow in a Vertical Pipe
Arash Ghafouri Ashkan Ghafouri Abbas kosarineia Alireza Daneh-DezfuliIn the experimental study, the formation of the annular flow pattern in a vertical pipe with the counter-current two-phase flow has been investigated with the help of image recording and processing techniques. After separating the created two-phase flow regime, the rang MoreIn the experimental study, the formation of the annular flow pattern in a vertical pipe with the counter-current two-phase flow has been investigated with the help of image recording and processing techniques. After separating the created two-phase flow regime, the range of superficial velocity of air (upward) and water (downward) is 3.66-20.94 m/s and 0.06-0.31m/s for annular flow, respectively. The interfacial friction factor (liquid and gas phase) has been evaluated according to the hydrodynamic parameters of the flow. Comparing the average deviation of the results obtained from the current research with the previous research shows that the results are in good agreement. Also, the interfacial shear stress has been calculated and evaluated for two test pipes in the center-current two-phase flow pattern in the annular flow regime. In this research, the interfacial friction factor (liquid and gas phase) is also presented as a new correlation depending on the Reynolds number of the gas flow and the Reynolds number of the liquid flow with a coefficient of determination of R2=0.98. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Designing a model of key factors of sustainable value creation in the supply chains of Iran's oil and gas industry
Firooz Khodaei Houshang Taghizadeh Majid Bagherzadeh KhajehThe purpose of this study is to design a model of key factors of sustainable value creation in the supply chains of Iran's oil and gas industry. This research is fundamental and in terms of method, it is combined (qualitative and quantitative). First, with a three- MoreThe purpose of this study is to design a model of key factors of sustainable value creation in the supply chains of Iran's oil and gas industry. This research is fundamental and in terms of method, it is combined (qualitative and quantitative). First, with a three-stage systematic review of the scientific documents, the content model was extracted from the mentioned documents with the qualitative approach of analyzing the content. Based on this, first by searching the reliable scientific databases, 1103 documents were identified, which were reduced to 62 documents during three times of screening based on the relevance of the title, abstract and full text review with a systematic review approach and considered as a qualitative sample. became The findings of the thematic content analysis were extracted after validity and reliability in 9 major themes and 50 sub-themes from among 850 observation items in the form of open codes and in several stages of review. In the quantitative part, the model of subjects obtained in the previous step has been organized in the form of a questionnaire and distributed among the specialists active in the field of oil and gas industry after checking the validity and reliability. After collecting the data, the qualitative model was evaluated and confirmed with the statistical approach of confirmatory factor analysis. The dimensions of the mentioned model are: quality of leadership, infrastructural, structural and organizational capabilities, evaluation and feedback, quality of communication, quality of resources, facilitators of knowledge management, awareness and social support. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Identifying and presenting a model of factors affecting creativity and innovation system in Hormozgan Gas Company using a mixed method approach
Mohsen Torabi Tayebe Abbasnejad Mohammad Reza Behboudi Rezvan RajabvandObjective: The main purpose of this study is to identify the components affecting the creativity and innovation system in Hormozgan Gas Company and present a model of factors affecting it. Method: In this mix method study, in the first stage, 13 heads of Hormozgan Gas C MoreObjective: The main purpose of this study is to identify the components affecting the creativity and innovation system in Hormozgan Gas Company and present a model of factors affecting it. Method: In this mix method study, in the first stage, 13 heads of Hormozgan Gas Company were interviewed (to the extent of theoretical saturation). The interviews were analyzed by using MAXQDA software based on six stages of Clark & Brown (2006). In the second stage, by using Smart PLS software and structural equation modeling approach, the effect of variables were evaluated. Results: The results of content analysis indicated that "extra-organizational strategic variables", "creativity and innovation system", "employees" and "organizational variables" are 4 effective factors in creativity and innovation system in Hormozgan Gas Company. Quantitative stage also showed that the strategic extra-organizational variable with three components, has a significant direct effect on the organizational variables and creativity and innovation system. Organizational variables with five components, has a significant effect on creativity and innovation system and finally the effect of individual and group characteristics of employees on the creativity system as well as its mediating role in the relationship between organizational variables and the system of creativity and innovation, were not confirmed. Conclusion: Improvement programs to increase creativity are effective only if a proper understanding of the factors affecting this phenomenon is formed at different levels: individual, group, organizational and extra-organizational. By providing a conceptual model at different levels and evaluating it, this research can be useful for decision makers including the research and technology unit of Hormozgan Gas Company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Determining the sensitivity to erosion (Medan watershed)
Ghorban Vahhabzadeh پیام EbrahimiThe uses of the sediment and erosion models are the most suitable methods to estimate the soil loss rate ina watershed. In this research 4 method of Fargas, BLM, MPSIAC, Feiznia tables and Hunt Boweninfiltrations method were used to calculate the soil loss rate in diffe MoreThe uses of the sediment and erosion models are the most suitable methods to estimate the soil loss rate ina watershed. In this research 4 method of Fargas, BLM, MPSIAC, Feiznia tables and Hunt Boweninfiltrations method were used to calculate the soil loss rate in different work units of Alamoot Medanwatershed in Qhazvin province. The areas which were effective in soil loss were determined with thesemethods and then results were compared to each other. Results showed that the models Fargas, MPSIACand BLM with grades of 40.75, 50.81 and 43.73 have close mean to each other and mean erodibility.Feiznia table evaluated the region more erodible and infiltration was determined slowly by Hunt Bowen.Moreover, based on the hydrological response the sub watershed 4 with an area of 2292.308 hectare and 1with an area of 1389.06 hectare had most effects when flood happened. For operational programs tocontrol erosion and sediment production in region it is recommended that in first priority must be subwatershed 4 and 1. If the purpose is runoff penetration and preventing flood sub watershed 4 with an areaof 2734.827 hectare and 1 with an area of 1544.648 hectare and 2 with an area of 680.386 must berespectively first priority Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Caspian Sea paleofluctuation reconstructing during the Quaternary period
Homayoun Khoshravan Somayeh RouhanizadehThe reconstruction of the Caspian Sea water level fluctuations in the Quaternary period is the main objectives ofthis research. Thus, with the study of biofacies on 254 cores samples associate to exploration wells (Mazandaran1 and Gorgan 3 - A) and 150 sediment samples MoreThe reconstruction of the Caspian Sea water level fluctuations in the Quaternary period is the main objectives ofthis research. Thus, with the study of biofacies on 254 cores samples associate to exploration wells (Mazandaran1 and Gorgan 3 - A) and 150 sediment samples which have been collected from depths of 10 to 800 meters fromthe sea bed of the Caspian Sea bioindicators and sedimentary indexes were identified. The results of studies ofthe Quaternary sediments showed that gastropod species are the most important biological evidence for thereconstruction of sea level changing of the Caspian Sea. Also there are alternatively fluctuations in this regionthat were affected by global climatology impact. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Feasibility study of influence of Abshirin and Deh-nar fault on salt structure of Nasr-Abad of Kashan In order to establishment of natural gas storage
Maryam Keshavarz Safiei Mohammad Ali Ganjavian Mohammad Ali Kavoosi Abbas BahroudiIn order to balance between gas produce and gas consumption in cold seasons which accounts as peak time, Gasstorage is as fundamental approaches which guarantee gas of country. In this regard, salt structure of Nasr Abadin Kashan has suitable potential and can be used a MoreIn order to balance between gas produce and gas consumption in cold seasons which accounts as peak time, Gasstorage is as fundamental approaches which guarantee gas of country. In this regard, salt structure of Nasr Abadin Kashan has suitable potential and can be used as the largest site of natural gas storage in central Iran scope.Feasibility study with purpose of determining fault mechanism around the salt structure is an essential thing. Inorder to eliminate ambiguities, field operation is with analysis of the structure and kinetic geometry of faults ,right on the diversion channel , analysis of stereo graphic images, gravity interpretations such as documents ofstrike- slip activity with reverse component of Abshirin fault. Abshirin fault with a length of about 10 km, withapproximate distance of 2-3 km in salt structure is depreciated, which stands in a separation about 3.5 km towardDeh-nar fault as right stepping pattern arrangement . According to the obtained results, finally we concluded thatAbshirin faults and Deh-nar faults are not so significant impact on gas storage site. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - A laboratory study on effects of Forouzan oil fields gas injection to Soroosh oil field
Asghar Ghobadi-dizajyekan Zeinab AlishavandiSoroosh (oil field) is in the north west of the Persian Gulf, 80 km WSW of Khark Island. Present researchcontains 6 Lab tests (PVT cell) which has been measured injection effect and gas solution of Burgan formationin Foruzan field in swelling criterion for saturated oil MoreSoroosh (oil field) is in the north west of the Persian Gulf, 80 km WSW of Khark Island. Present researchcontains 6 Lab tests (PVT cell) which has been measured injection effect and gas solution of Burgan formationin Foruzan field in swelling criterion for saturated oil sample of one well related to Soroosh oil field at variouspressures and reservoir temperature (180 Fº).Based on analysis results, by increasing swelling criterion the oil viscosity and oil formation volume factor willbe decreased and increased respectively.Implementation of this process will be affected on production and recovery factor to increase.The maximum swelling criterion of oil for Sorosh field through gas injection on Burgan layer of Foruzan field in4500 psig is equal to 28.56 % and the minimum swelling criterion of oil in 1000 psig is equal to 4.79 % atreservoir temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - The feasibility study of applying an acid boric and glass infiltrated mica to prevent the leakage and mixture of use gasses for hightemperature fuel cells
Hamid Abdoli Alireza Hosseini Moghadam Seyed Amir RastialhosseiniIn this study, the possibility of using mica for this application was investigated. First, mica gasket includingsmall Phlogopite flakes with organic binders was used and its performance duringas leakage was simulated in asmall set-up simulating fuel cell operating condi MoreIn this study, the possibility of using mica for this application was investigated. First, mica gasket includingsmall Phlogopite flakes with organic binders was used and its performance duringas leakage was simulated in asmall set-up simulating fuel cell operating condition (air atmosphere, temperature of 800 °C and time of 100 h).Due to heating of mica during operation, binders were burned out and remaining pores acted as leakage path.These leakage paths were filled by acid boric and the mica performance was enhanced up to 20%. The majorleakage path (mica and its adjacent interface) was filled by a glass and a successful application of mica-glasslayer was obtained for leakage prevention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Qualification of coal seam for anderground Coal Gasification (UCG) method in Mazino Coal Basin, Tabas
Mehdi Najafi Seyed Mohammad Esmaiel Jalali Reza Kakaie Aliasghar Lotfi AzadThe Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is a candidate process for converting the world’s coal resources intoenergy, liquid fuels, and chemicals. In the UCG, the process involves the injection of steam and air or oxygeninto an underground coal seam and igniting an MoreThe Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is a candidate process for converting the world’s coal resources intoenergy, liquid fuels, and chemicals. In the UCG, the process involves the injection of steam and air or oxygeninto an underground coal seam and igniting and burning of coal in-situ to produce the combustible gas. Previousstudies showed that many parameters affect site selection of UCG design. These characteristics including coalseam properties (thicknesses, depth, dip, resources, rank), faulting, discontinuity, properties of hangingwall andfootwall of coal seam and hydrogeological regime. In this paper, by studying Tabas Mazino coal basin andconsidering proper UCG site selection criteria, potential coal layer was selected for the UCG based on theControlled Retraction Injection Point (CRIP) method. The result of this investigation showed that the M2 coalseam has the highest rank (considering the seam thickness and reservoir) for the UCG operation in Mazino coalbasin in relation to other coal seams namely, M1,M5,M4andM2-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - The investigation of gaseous pollutant layers depth with hydrogeochemical and geoelectrical data in chahardoly plain
Mohammad Manshori سجاد Fazel-TavasolThe studied area is located at Qorveh region, NW of Hamadan. The pollution of water resources withCO2 is the main problem in the studied area. Destruction of water resource, existence of hygiene andeconomic problems are its results.Main changes in drinking water quality MoreThe studied area is located at Qorveh region, NW of Hamadan. The pollution of water resources withCO2 is the main problem in the studied area. Destruction of water resource, existence of hygiene andeconomic problems are its results.Main changes in drinking water quality in chahardoly plain, is a evidence for ground water resourcescontamination. In this work, hydrogeochemistry and geoelectrical datas have used to Investigation ofpollutant layers depth for chahardoly plain.According to vertical hydrogeochemical and resistivity investigations of sediment horizons, fieldinvestigations and observation in drilling sites, the depth of gas rich layer is estimated about 50-60meters Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - The relationship between energy production and consumption with greenhouse gas emissions, a case study: Arab countries of OPEC in the Persian Gulf region (the UAE, Iraq, Arabia, Kuwait, and Qatar)
Allahbakhsh Kavoosi Arian KavoosiThe Middle East region accounts for the largest quota of the world's energy reserves, which is the reason for the interdependence between the world's largest industrial countries and the governments of this region. Given the known oil reserves of the Arab coun MoreThe Middle East region accounts for the largest quota of the world's energy reserves, which is the reason for the interdependence between the world's largest industrial countries and the governments of this region. Given the known oil reserves of the Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region, the effect of energy consumption with a sample of five Arab countries as members of OPEC and oil producers of the Persian Gulf region on greenhouse gas emissions during 40 years (1980-2020) was investigated in this research. The energy production and consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of the target countries were studied to identify their contribution to energy production and consumption in the world. It was determined that these countries account for a significant share of climate change and global greenhouse gas emissions. The results show that approximately 34% of the global oil reserves and 22% of carbon dioxide (CO2) production belong to the five Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region. The largest and the lowest shares in CO2 production belong to Saudi Arabia and Kuwait among the five countries of the Persian Gulf region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Comparison of Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Put., resistance in barley in Neyshabour
isa jabaleh roya Askari majid TaherianBarley is one of the world's main sources of nutrients for human and animal, and E. integriceps is one of the most important pests reducing its yield. This study was conducted on different barley genotypes to identify the genotypes that are resistant to Sunn pest. The s MoreBarley is one of the world's main sources of nutrients for human and animal, and E. integriceps is one of the most important pests reducing its yield. This study was conducted on different barley genotypes to identify the genotypes that are resistant to Sunn pest. The study was a randomized complete block design with three replications that was conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Neyshabour Agricultural Research Center. The results showed that the highest number of E. integriceps was recorded in genotype 3 and the lowest number of E. integriceps was related to genotypes 2 and 6. Genotype 13, with the important indices of grain yield under non-stress condition (Yp) and genotype 10, with the important indices of grain yield under stress condition (Ys) in the region, were identified to have high yield potential and low sensitivity to E. integriceps. Yp had a positive and significant correlation with the mean of productivity (MP), geometric mean (GMP), and stress tolerance index (STI). YS had a positive and significant correlation with all indices except stress susceptibility index (SSI) and tolerance index (TOL). Therefore, the MP, GMP, and STI were the only indices that showed a positive and significant correlation with Yp and Ys. In conclusion, based on the results of this study, genotype 20 can be nominated as a E. integriceps-resistant genotype in Neishabour region. Genotype 1 can also be reported as a sensitive genotype to E. integriceps with low yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Parasitoid flies of the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps and their parasitism in cereal fields of Alshtar area of Lorestan province
habib Habbasipour sattar Ahmadi JavanmardABSTRACT One of the most important pests in the Alshtar region is the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemipterta: Scutelleridae). This pest infests a large part of the wheat fields each year, and more specifically its damage during the years when the drought oc MoreABSTRACT One of the most important pests in the Alshtar region is the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemipterta: Scutelleridae). This pest infests a large part of the wheat fields each year, and more specifically its damage during the years when the drought occurs. The population of the sunn pest, like other insects, is affected by biotic factors or natural enemies, including predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. In this research, adult parasitic flies of the nymph and adult stages of E. integriceps in wheat fields of Alshtar region were collected and identified. In total, three species of parasitoid flies of the family Tachinidae and subfamily Phasiinae were identified including Elomya lateralis (Meigen, 1824), Phasia subcoleopterata (Linné, 1767) and Eliozeta helluo (Fabricius, 1805). The results of parasitism in adult stage of the sunn pest by parasitoid flies showed adult flies were emerged from their hosts from the first decade of May to the second decade of June. So that the highest rate of percentage of parasitism in both years (2015-17) was observed in the second and third decades of May. In these dates, the population of E. helluo species was higher than the other two species. The total parasitism by these tree species was estimated to be about 60%. Due to the fact that a wide range of cultivated lands of this region is dedicated to wheat cultivation, the results can be considered as a small step in the management of the sunn pest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Comparison of physicochemical properties and fatty acid profile of salicornia oil with iranica, persica Akhani and persplitana varieties
Behzad Rahnatzadeh Simin Asadollahi Leila NateghiAbstractRecently, with the growth of public knowledge, people desire to consume oils that in addition to providing energy and flavor, is also beneficial to health. It has been reported that 96% of the oil consumed in Iran is imported, while the potential for growing cro MoreAbstractRecently, with the growth of public knowledge, people desire to consume oils that in addition to providing energy and flavor, is also beneficial to health. It has been reported that 96% of the oil consumed in Iran is imported, while the potential for growing crops similar to salicornia that can grow in saline soils and habitats in Iran is significant. in this study, salicornia plant was used as an oil source in the production of blend oils. In this study ,Physicochemical properties assessment of salicornia plant (fatty acid profile, acidity, refractive index, iodine, density, soap number, percentage of extracted oil, oxidative stability, peroxide) in three varieties of salicornia variety )Persica, Salicornia perplitana and Iranica) were examined. The results showed that the amount of oil extracted efficiency in Salicornia varieties was significantly(p≤ 0.05) , respectively of iranica 001/0± 9/15 % , persplitana 002/0± 700/5% and persica Akhani 002/0± 800/8% and in gas chromatography test 10 types of fatty acid profiles in extraction oils as well as formulated oils were analyzed. Among these, linolenic fatty acids varieties was significantly(p≤ 0.05) , in different varieties were iranica 005/0± 946/2% , persplitana 010/0± 230/3and persica Akhani 005/0± 133/42 , respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Development of New product Strategy using Blue Ocean Strategy (Case study: Pilot Gas Company, Iran)
Mohammad Abdolshah -
Open Access Article
233 - Evaluation of absorption refrigeration cycle with ionic liquids and R134a refrigrant
Hossein sakhaeinia Shahaboddin DanialiIonic liquids are nonvolatile, non-toxic and non-flammable liquids with high thermal and chemical stability. Therefore they are suggested as a solvent in absorption refrigeration cycle. For modeling of cycle operating should be specified thermodynamics properties. One t MoreIonic liquids are nonvolatile, non-toxic and non-flammable liquids with high thermal and chemical stability. Therefore they are suggested as a solvent in absorption refrigeration cycle. For modeling of cycle operating should be specified thermodynamics properties. One thermodynamics model is used for one effect absorption refrigeration cycle. Thermodynamics properties of refrigerant-solvent mixture are modeled by equation of state. [hmim][Tf2N], [emim][Tf2N] and [hmim][BF4] are used as solvents and R134a is used as a refrigerant. Results compare with other common refrigerant-solvents. Coefficient of performance of these systems are lower than common cycle like LiBr-water and water-NH3 but specific properties of ionic liquids such as nonvolatile, non corrosive, non-flammable and eco-friendly, cause very research perform to get proper refrigerant and ionic liquid as a solvent Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Analysis of heat recovery from hot exhaust of gas turbines in compressed pressure Qazvin gas station
mahdi khajevand ali heydari mostafa mafiIn this study First, The heat recovery unit as an appropriate solution The energy savings will be introduced. Went on to study heat recovery from the hot exhaust gas compression facilities Qazvin And the waste of energy, The evacuation of hot gases through the exhaust f MoreIn this study First, The heat recovery unit as an appropriate solution The energy savings will be introduced. Went on to study heat recovery from the hot exhaust gas compression facilities Qazvin And the waste of energy, The evacuation of hot gases through the exhaust flue gas turbines on the environment has been determined For this work, according to data compression station Qazvin Aspen software with the help of the flow of energy in the hot gas exhaust flue Haysys first in both the max Simulation results show that for a unit of 50 MW to 90 MW of energy waste is near imum and minimum simulated turbine and heat removal capacity in both Grdyd extraction. Dark The heat removal capacity is largely dependent on the flow rate and temperature of the exhaust gas Then, according to the existing proposals and as an example, heat generated from the hot exhaust gases from the chimney at a power plant generating steam used as the maximum speed turbine and turbine output parameters such as pressure and pump inlet temperature of heat recovery exchanger examined Placed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Study and conducting appropriate approaches for noise reduction and presenting an equation with plans for predicting noise reduction (case study: tune boundary stations in Semnan province)
Ehsan Jamshidi alireza arghavan sadegh tarahomiIn gas pressure reduction stations, due to the equipment installed and the geographic location of the station, in order to maintain the safety and health of the station, appropriate measures are needed to measure noise and reduce noise. Due to the high noise pollution, MoreIn gas pressure reduction stations, due to the equipment installed and the geographic location of the station, in order to maintain the safety and health of the station, appropriate measures are needed to measure noise and reduce noise. Due to the high noise pollution, the TBS gas pressure stations are compared. Therefore, in this research, an appropriate model and a mathematical program to analyze the intensity level of sound at different intervals from the source of sound and various frequencies and different sound power in a non-insulated state and in insulated mode, by changing the surface density of the insulator, it examines the effect of reducing the level of sound intensity. The most important results are: Reduces the intensity of the sound by increasing the distance from the sound source. Voice intensity increases with increasing sound power at identical intervals from the sound source. As the distance from the sound source increases, the intensity of the sound decreases with decreasing frequency. With increasing insulating surface density, the level of sound balance decreases at identical intervals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Multivariable Optimal Control of Fuel inlet and IGV Parameters of Gas Turbine via PID-PSO Controller in presence of Noise
Mojtaba HasanluMulti variable control of fuel inlet (FI) and inlet gas vane (IGV) parameters of gas turbine via PID controller in presence of noise, that is discussed in this paper. Nowadays, there is undoubtedly main rules(energy harvesting and high efficiency) of gas turbine in vari MoreMulti variable control of fuel inlet (FI) and inlet gas vane (IGV) parameters of gas turbine via PID controller in presence of noise, that is discussed in this paper. Nowadays, there is undoubtedly main rules(energy harvesting and high efficiency) of gas turbine in various industries. Researchers think and discover about different physical parameters of gas turbine. So, they can present model of complicate gas turbine in order to model should be near reality structure and also gas turbine model has more perfect features. Therefore, fuel FI and IGV are critical parameters for increasing and decreasing efficiency of system of gas turbine, where are effected on power system. In this research, we are modeling and simulating gas turbine in frequency and time domains respectively, for controlling FI and IGV parameters based on PID controller in existence of noise signals. PID coefficients are determined on trail and error approach, in order to system preserve or track its velocity, power and temperature of outlet gas in nominal and reference values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Numerical simulation of flow fluid in cooling pump and investigation of effect of flow behavior on pump structure
gholamhasan salek kouros Nekoufar seyed arash seyed shams taleghaniIn industrial plants such as gas refinery, sustainable production is a top priority. The cooling pump plays an essential role in a gas refinery. If the pump is out of service (and if the replacement pump is not ready), the refinery will be shut down immediately. Therefo MoreIn industrial plants such as gas refinery, sustainable production is a top priority. The cooling pump plays an essential role in a gas refinery. If the pump is out of service (and if the replacement pump is not ready), the refinery will be shut down immediately. Therefore, the sensitivity of this equipment is very critical in terms of operation and process and should be maintained in the shortest possible time. The status of this equipment is monitored regularly using vibration technique. In a period of time, after the vibration analysis, a decision was made to modify the base plate of the pump as well as to reduce the stress; piping arrangement of the pump was redesigned and modified. These modifications resulted in a reduction in vibration rate from 8 mm / s to 5 mm under new conditions. Also, in order to investigate the effect of fluid behavior on pump performance, in a separate project, flow fluid was simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), within the impeller and pump casing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Damage detection in gas transmission lines based on natural frequency changes via artificial neural networks
Ali Asghar Binaieyan Ehsan Jamshidi Alireza ArghavanThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a new approach for troubleshooting of gas pipelines using mechanical waveforms. In this paper, an attempt has been made to determine the defects by using natural frequency characteristics and changes. Due to the relationship bet MoreThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a new approach for troubleshooting of gas pipelines using mechanical waveforms. In this paper, an attempt has been made to determine the defects by using natural frequency characteristics and changes. Due to the relationship between mass and stiffness in determining the natural frequency, a mass increase has been used instead of the reduction of stiffness. The proposed method involves modeling a 2-inch pipe with a length of 2 m in the Abaqus software and examining the natural frequencies of the pipe in a state of intact and defective (cracking). Then, an equivalent mass value was applied to model the defects. Subsequently, the pipe was subjected to experimental modal analysis and various conditions were tested by creating artificial defects (adding mass). Then, the obtained information was used in the study of the perceptron neural network in MATLAB software, and the program output is the defect location and its severity (mass value). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Identification and classification of Gastropoda with corals in Qeshm Island (Khalaf pond and Naz beaches)
mahnaz sadat sadeghi aria ashja ardalan hoda sadat ahmadiSo far, many studies have been done on the classification and ecology of mollusks in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Identification and classification of the lower abdomen along with corals on Qeshm Island. Sampling was performed in two different stations on Qeshm Island MoreSo far, many studies have been done on the classification and ecology of mollusks in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Identification and classification of the lower abdomen along with corals on Qeshm Island. Sampling was performed in two different stations on Qeshm Island in the summer of 2018. Finally, 17 families, 25 genera and 32 species were identified on Qeshm Island, which are as follows. Euchelus asper, Umbonium vestiarium, Lunella coronata, Nerita albicilla, Nerita textilis, Planaxis sulcatus, Cerithium caeruleum, Clypeomorus bifasciatus bifasciatus, Clypeomorus bifasciatus persicus, Rhinoclavis(Rhinoclavis)sinensis, Strombus(conomurex)persicus, Cypraea turdus winckworthi, Polinices mammilla, Cymatium(Monoplex)aquatile, Bursa(Bufonariella)granularis, Pyramidelloides angusta, Cronia cf konkanensis, Morula granulata, Thais savignyi, Thais sp, Anachis misera, Euplica varians, Mitrella blanda, Nassarius sp, Nassarius(Niotha) jactabundus, Nassarius(plicarcularia)fissilabris, Nassarius(plicarcularia)persicus, Nassarius(zeuxis)frederici, Bullia(Bullia)tranquebarica, Oliva bulbosa, Terebra nassoides,Tropaeas brunneomaculata The largest family in terms of species diversity was the Nassarridae family. The largest species in terms of size was Cymatium(Monoplex)aquatile 45mm and the smallest sample was Mitrella blanda5mm. In terms of frequency, Cerithium caeruleum species are the most abundant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Evaluation of Cox-2 expression in human gastrocarcinoma cells
Somayeh Zolfaghari Sharifi maryam eidi Shohreh Zare KariziIntroduction: Gastrointestinal cancers are among the most common causes of death worldwide. Studies have shown that the cyclooxygenase enzyme plays an important role in the development of gastrointestinal cancers and increases the level of this enzyme in gastrointestina MoreIntroduction: Gastrointestinal cancers are among the most common causes of death worldwide. Studies have shown that the cyclooxygenase enzyme plays an important role in the development of gastrointestinal cancers and increases the level of this enzyme in gastrointestinal cancers. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Cox-2 in human gastrocarcinoma cells.Materials and Method: In this case-control study, 30 samples of gastro-carcinoma tissues and 30 healthy surrounding tissues as control were obtained by the surgeon from the Imam Khomeini Hospital's surgery department. Characteristics of cancerous tissues including lymph node invasion, tumor size, stage of disease, vascular invasion and grade of disease were recorded. Real Time PCR reaction was performed using primer design and cDNA synthesis, and Bio-RAD was used to determine the Cox-2 gene expression. The results were analyzed by linReg PCR software and ultimately gene expression was analyzed by Rest 2009 software.Results: The Cox-2 expression was increased in tumor samples in compared to normal samples, significantly (p<0.05). There were significant and positive correlations between Cox-2 expression and tumor size (p <0.01), lymphatic invasion (p<0.01) and tumor stage (p<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the increased expression of cyclooxygenase 2 in human gastro-carcinoma cells, insignificantly, and the relationship between expression of Cox-2 and various parameters of cancer, it seems that Cox-2 expression levels should be further investigated in future research by selecting tumor samples at the same stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Examining the effect of the pickled cucumber preparation process on the amount of metalaxyl and diazinon pesticide residue in traditional cucumber product
Marzieh Sadeghi Shiva Dehghan Abkenar Nazanin KhakipourIntroduction: Controlling the residual pesticides in food, particularly fruits and vegetables, is essential to preserving its health. Diazinon and metalaxyl as substance pesticides have been the focal point of numerous agrarian makers because of their extensive variety MoreIntroduction: Controlling the residual pesticides in food, particularly fruits and vegetables, is essential to preserving its health. Diazinon and metalaxyl as substance pesticides have been the focal point of numerous agrarian makers because of their extensive variety of adequacy, yet on the off chance that their period of usability isn't noticed, the presence of harmful buildups in the items, and the well-being of utilization truly imperils the clients. Aim: This study evaluated the effects of spraying cucumber plants with diazinon and metalaxyl and after transformation cucumbers pickled were measured. Methods and Materials: The amount of residual metalaxyl toxin and the amount of residual diazinon toxin in harvested cucumbers and pickled cucumbers were measured. The residual amount of toxins in the pickled cucumbers was measured to investigate the effect of the preparation procedure. Results: After the 10-day aging period, the results revealed that the residual amount of diazinon toxin in cucumber reached 0.0655 mg/kg. The outcomes showed that the impact of the cycle (pickling cucumbers) causes how much diazinon remaining toxic substance in the salted cucumber item to diminish as far as mg of toxic substance per kilogram of cucumber. Cucumbers can be harvested prior to the aging period without worrying about the expiration of the toxic effect period and used to prepare pickled cucumbers because the pasteurized pickled cucumber conversion process reduces the residual diazinon in the cucumbers. Conclusion: Accordingly, it tends to be inferred that the utilization of change cycles, for example, transforming cucumbers into pickles causes the number of toxins and pesticides utilized for rural items can be diminished by utilizing this interaction. This issue is not supported by the metalaxyl toxin research. Solvent extraction was used to extract pesticides from the samples, and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to measure them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Application of Wind Energy in Urban Regional Planning Toward Ecological Sustainability(Case Study: Hashtgerd)
Mehrdad Mazloomi Azin Farzam -
Open Access Article
243 - Risk assessment of Ilam gas refinery using Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method and its modeling in PHA-pro software
reza hajimohammdi alireza eyvazzadeh arash hatamiIn this research, JSA method has been used to assess the risks and safety risks in Ilam gas refinery, . The risk was studied and then the results were modeled using PHA-pro software. The results showed that out of 15 identified risks, 7 had a risk number higher than 14, MoreIn this research, JSA method has been used to assess the risks and safety risks in Ilam gas refinery, . The risk was studied and then the results were modeled using PHA-pro software. The results showed that out of 15 identified risks, 7 had a risk number higher than 14, which can be said that approximately 46% of the activities were in the high risk area. Most of the values related to checking the seals were in the sulfur recycling unit, which resulted in spraying sulfur in the area outside the seals and causing burns and death. The corrective action was the use of face shields, work clothes and fireproof gloves. The next activity that had a high risk number was loading LPG, which resulted in improper installation of connections, gas leaks, fire / explosion, and damage to people and equipment. Be. It is clear that after the implementation of the control proposals, the number of high-risk cases has been reduced from 7 to 1, and the modeling bar chart has been moved to a safe area. In other words, before the control measures, 46% of the activities were in the high risk zone, 26% in the medium risk zone and 28% in the low risk zone. After the control measures, only 6% of the risks were in the high risk zone and 13% in The middle zone and 81% of them were in the low or safe risk zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Gasification of waste and biomass and its effects on the environment
saman salavatiStudies and calculations show that from 1.2 kilograms of biomass, Cause to produce about 1 kilowatt of electricity, 2.5 cubic meters of gas and at least 4,000 kilojoules per cubic meter of thermal energy. Due to the non-consumable of agricultural wastes and similar biom MoreStudies and calculations show that from 1.2 kilograms of biomass, Cause to produce about 1 kilowatt of electricity, 2.5 cubic meters of gas and at least 4,000 kilojoules per cubic meter of thermal energy. Due to the non-consumable of agricultural wastes and similar biomass that are not worth much and have environmental problems, it is possible to produce very cheap electric or thermal energy through the produced gas. Also, the use of these waste in the process of energy production and installation of biomass plants can be used in the agricultural industry, recycling and etc. therefore, its significant impact on the environment is due to the reduction of pollutants and the reduction or elimination of the total volume of waste through the process of gasification and conversion to high-effective products, including gas, biochar, and biofuel. And another reason for its high thermal efficiency of at least 80% is its economic justification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Study of Challengesand Administrative of Regulations Barriers of Health, Safety And Environment in Oil and Gas Industry
Sattar Mohammadi Zohreh Ghazi TabatabaeiConsidering safety measures in industrial and chemical facilities is a fundamental issue. Statistical figures and facts display the great impact of industrial accidents on humans’ life as well as economic and environmental damages. Industrial accidents are amounte MoreConsidering safety measures in industrial and chemical facilities is a fundamental issue. Statistical figures and facts display the great impact of industrial accidents on humans’ life as well as economic and environmental damages. Industrial accidents are amounted to high percentages of accidents around the globe. In addition, some of these damages are irreversible. Therefore, discovering and preventing these damages and assessment of the risks which lead to these damages, requires specific strategies and guidelines in addition to risk analysis in industrial units. In this research paper, risk assessment and risk analysis of utility unit of Fifth Gas Refinery of South Pars Gas Complex has been studies. HAZOP Technique has been used for risk assessment of this Unit, which has been established to detect the procedural problems, so, the existing deviation has been assessed by HAZOP team. The result of the study showed the use of experts’ recommendations from HAZOP method for risk management and increasing safety and procedural measurements of the Unit. Based on compiled expertise, utility unit efficiency depends strongly on flow and compression for this unit, since the inflow stores in reservoirs initially and distributed in this unit with a proper pressure. Therefore, it is vital to regulate these parameters as far as possible and prevent their inadequate increase and decrease. The flow circulates in system with a normal procedural pressure rate and can prevent the probable damages such as lines break down due to high sensitivity against high tension and stopping pump and unit being out of service due to decrease of flow. the most important recommendations in this study include: installation of temperature and pressure alarms in unit. Therefore, based on the obtained results from this study, unit setup guidelines and policies have been reformed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Identifying and Ranking Factors Influencing Empowerment for Productivity Using Demetel Method
Bahador Changizi Mojgan amirianzadeh Moslem Salehi Reza ZareiSince the workforce in organizations plays an important and critical role in creating competitive advantage, we must look for strategies to increase their productivity. There are various techniques to increase employee productivity to advance the goals of the organizati MoreSince the workforce in organizations plays an important and critical role in creating competitive advantage, we must look for strategies to increase their productivity. There are various techniques to increase employee productivity to advance the goals of the organization, one of which is human resource empowerment. The purpose of the present study is to identify and rank the effective factors on human resources empowerment in order to improve the performance of the National Iranian Gas Company using the DEMITEL method. This research is applied in terms of survey method and in terms of purpose. To collect the research data, a questionnaire was prepared and the validity and reliability of the questions were assessed by experts' opinion and using Cronbach's test. Data Analysis Using the Demetel Model, the Relationship between Causes and Causes can be transformed into an intelligent structure for the system. It is Iranian gas. The results of this study show that the individual factor is the most important factor in human resource empowerment in terms of productivity and the structural factor and organizational factor are in the next rank order respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Assessing the status and ranking of factors affecting the institutionalization of administrative ethics in the gas company of Mazandaran province
Mojtaba Tabari Hamed Mohamadi Hosein ArabThe main purpose of the present study was to identify the factors influencing the institutionalization of administrative ethics in the Mazandaran Province Gas Company and then to measurement and rank these factors and to present the Structural Model. In the present stud MoreThe main purpose of the present study was to identify the factors influencing the institutionalization of administrative ethics in the Mazandaran Province Gas Company and then to measurement and rank these factors and to present the Structural Model. In the present study, factors affecting the institutionalization of administrative ethics are measured through eight dimensions including value-based leadership, organizational systems and structure, training, truth disclosure, respect for spiritual authority, social responsibility, citizenship, and justice. The statistical population of this research is the formal employees of Mazandaran Gas Company (250 persons). The sampling method was based on stratified random sampling and the research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0.973. The research findings show that two factors, including value-based leadership and social responsibility, are moderately appropriate, and six factors including disclosure of facts, justice, systems and organizational structure, citizenship, education, and spiritual dignity are in relatively good condition. Also, there is a prioritization among these factors and the fitted pattern is a good one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Explaining the Patterns of Effective Factors on Supply Chain in the Offshore Sector of Oil and Gas Industry
Ahmadreza Etemadi Ahmadreza KasraeiToday, due to the ever-increasing competition between organizations and uncertain environments that have been created by many changes in customer needs, using an efficient supply chain can be considered as a competitive advantage for any organization. In this regard, on MoreToday, due to the ever-increasing competition between organizations and uncertain environments that have been created by many changes in customer needs, using an efficient supply chain can be considered as a competitive advantage for any organization. In this regard, one solution is lean approach. Lean approach helps to eliminate waste in the supply chain. On the other hand, based on the state of Iran and the abundance of oil and gas resources, the implementation of lean approach in the supply chain of the organizations operating in this field is very important.In order to conduct this study, that has been carried out in one of the largest companies operating in the offshore sector and the objective is to achieve an supply chain. First, by reviewing the literature, eight key factors that lead to the lean of the supply chain were identified and using the tool of the questionnaire and distributing between statistical sample and statistical analysis were effective. Then, using an interpretive structural modeling approach, the research model was developed. In the next step, the model was validated in quantitative and statistical analyzes as well as qualitative and based on it, the factors: financing, leadership and management, and communication with the supplier were identified as the most influential and minimizing the delivery time and flexibility were identified as the most impressive factor. Finally, some suggestions were made to achieve lean procurement process in the offshore sector of the oil and gas industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - An Integrated Approach for Facility Location and Supply Vessel Planning with Time Windows
Mohsen Amiri Seyed Jafar Sadjadi Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam Armin Jabbarzadeh -
Open Access Article
250 - A Scenario-Based Robust Compromise Programming Approach for Design of Bioethanol and Electricity Supply Chain in Iran
Babak Rostami-Ranjbar Mohammad Saidi-Mehrabad -
Open Access Article
251 - Types of welding process and relationship with defective rate in structural fabrication for oil & gas project
Mohd Amran Mohd Daril Abd. Rahim Sidek Mohamad Ikbar Abdul Wahab Khairanum Subari Sobia Irum Nohman Khan -
Open Access Article
252 - Conceptual model to manage supply chain performance (case study: pangasius.sp agroindustry in indonesia)
Andreas Panudju Marimin Marimin Sapta Raharja Mala Nurilmala -
Open Access Article
253 - Evaluation of Effectiveness of Implementing Quality Management System (ISO9001:2000) Using BSC Approach in NIGC
Alireza Alinezhad Ali Masaeli Nima Esfandiari Mona Mirhadi -
Open Access Article
254 - Relationship between Organizational Stress sources with Job Stress in Mazandaran's Gas Corporation Employees
Taraneh Enayati Farshideh Zamati Hamid Reza Ghazanfari Hamed MohammadiThe purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between organizational stress sources with job stress in Mazandaran's Gas Corporation employees. The research was descriptive, correlation. The statistical population was all staff's (423 people) of Mazandaran MoreThe purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between organizational stress sources with job stress in Mazandaran's Gas Corporation employees. The research was descriptive, correlation. The statistical population was all staff's (423 people) of Mazandaran Gas company in 2010 and statistical sample was 205, which selected by stratified random method (according to the region). In order to gather the data, two questionnaires were used: Job stress questionnaire and standardized stress sources questionnaire. Face and content validity of the questionnaires was reviewed and confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients were calculated as 0.84 and 0.83 respectively. In order to analyze data, Pearson’s Correlation test and Multiple Regression were used. The result showed that organizational demands, relationship, colleagues' support, role characteristic, manager supports and work changes had significant relationship with job stress and there were no significant relationship between authorities and physical environment. Also organizational demands, relationship and role characteristic had power to predict employee`s job stress. It should be noted that stress is a very serious issues in today's organizations that can impose threatens the health of workforces and costs to the organization. So managers should moderate the workplace stressors by preventive actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Inoculation on Nutrient Uptake and Essential Oil Composition of Dragonhead (Dracocphalum moldavica L.) under Drought Stress
Gobad Salimi Mohammad Feizian Naser AliasgharzadTo study essential oil components of Dracocephalum moldavica in response to mycorrhiza fungus inoculation under drought stress condition, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was carried out under greenhouse condition. The MoreTo study essential oil components of Dracocephalum moldavica in response to mycorrhiza fungus inoculation under drought stress condition, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was carried out under greenhouse condition. The factors of the experiment were three levels of drought stresses [control, 0.75 maximum allowable depletion (MAD) and 0.5 MAD] and inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi in two levels (no mycorrhiza inoculation as control and Glomus verciforme inoculation). Essential oil components were recognized via gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC/MS). The result showed that about 36 components in D. moldavica were identified through inoculation with mycorrhiza under drought stress. Concentration of 13 compounds of these were higher than the rest. Compositions of geranial (18.3%), geraniol (30.98%), geranyl acetate (26.78%) and neral (11.94%) had high quantities in essential oil. Drought stress and mycorrhiza inoculation increased the percentage of major essential oil components. The highest essential oil percentage (1.24%) was obtained by mycorrhiza inoculation treatment and drought stress at 0.75 MAD. Drought stress reduced the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, while mycorrhiza inoculation increased their uptake. The highest uptake of potassium was in non-stress and mycorrhiza inoculation conditions. It can be concluded that mycorrhiza inoculation under drought stress increased the uptake of nutrients and essential oil composition of dragonhead. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Evaluating Some Physiological Characteristics of Safflower Cultivars )Carthamus tinctorius L.( Under Water Deficit Stress and Brassionosteroide Application
Mahnaz Zafari Ali Ebadi Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh godehahriz Mohammad SedghiTo evaluate the effects of water deficit stress and growth regulator (Brassinosteroid) on some physiological characteristics cultivars of safflower, an split plot factorial experiment based on randomize complete block design with 3 replications was conducted at the Rese MoreTo evaluate the effects of water deficit stress and growth regulator (Brassinosteroid) on some physiological characteristics cultivars of safflower, an split plot factorial experiment based on randomize complete block design with 3 replications was conducted at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2014. Water stress was in three levels: 80 mm evaporation (normal irrigation); 120 mm evaporation (low water stress); 160 mm evaporation (high water stress) from evaporation pan of class A which were assigned to main plots and three cultivars of safflower (Goldasht, Spiny Sina and Faraman) and two levels of Brassinosteroid, control and 10 -7 mol. in sub plots. The reasults showed that water stress decreased stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, sub-stomatal CO2, water-use efficiency, chlorophyll content index (SPAD), seed yield, leaf soluble protein and transpiration rate. The results also showed that use of brassinosteriod, increased photosynthetic parameters and reduced transpiration. Irrigation at evaporation of 80 mm from pan, resulted in the maximom amount of transpiration and stomatal conductance to the Faraman cultivar, sub-stomatal CO2 to Sina spiny cultivar and chlorophyll content index (SPAD) to Goldasht cultivar. Irrigation at 120 mm evaporation from class A pan resulted in the maximum amount of transpiration and stomatal conductance to Goldasht cultivar, while the highest sub-stomatal CO2, belonged to Sina spiny. Irrigation at 160 mm evaporation from class A pan resulted in the maximum amount of transpiration, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content index (SPAD) and the sub-stomatal CO2 to Goldasht cultivar. It seems that Goldasht cultivar under both mild and severe drought stresses tolerates drought better than the other two cultivars in Ardabil rigion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - The study of employees‘ job satisfaction ofEast Azerbaijan Province Gas Company
Hossein Mirzaei Laleh fathiNowadays Human resources are the main capital in every organization and company and for this reason the study of job satisfaction is very important. The purpose of this study is to estimate the employees‘ job satisfaction and influential factors on it in the East MoreNowadays Human resources are the main capital in every organization and company and for this reason the study of job satisfaction is very important. The purpose of this study is to estimate the employees‘ job satisfaction and influential factors on it in the East Azerbaijan Province Gas Company in 1388/2009. The research method is survey and the statistical population was all the Company's Employees (1041) and the sample size consisted of 342 employees . A questionnaire (minesota) was used to gather the necessary data. The research model combines thearies of Maslow, Brophy, Mac Cleland and Herzberg and the independent variables were extarcted. The results show that, on average, the level of job satisfaction of employees was 69.7. Also, among dependent variables, variables of satisfaction of amenities, education and team work, elimination of social needs and conflict ambiguity of role, have more relevance with the job satisfaction of employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - The effect of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction of Gas company’s employees
Mohammad Reza Bakhshalizadeh Neda SuleimaniJob satisfaction of employees has been considered by managers and organizational thinkers during recent decades increasingly. More studies were conducted related to understanding effective factors on job satisfaction. Therefore, this study intended to identify the effec MoreJob satisfaction of employees has been considered by managers and organizational thinkers during recent decades increasingly. More studies were conducted related to understanding effective factors on job satisfaction. Therefore, this study intended to identify the effect of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction of Gas company’s employees. The research was conducted using survey methodology. To do this, a questionnaire was designed to measure these variables and then it was distributed among 235 employees of Gas company’s employees after confirmation of its reliability and validity. Data gathered using the questionnairewas analyzed through SPSS software and Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multi-Vitiate Regression. Results suggested that there was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and its dimensions with job satisfaction of employees of Gas Company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Detection and quantification of phytosterols in yogurt using gas chromatography
M. Jeddy J. KhandaghiSterols form the largest proportion of the unsaponifiable fraction of lipids. Plant fats and oils contain phytosterol as naturally occurring constituents. The most common types of phytosterols in plants are cytosterol, compressor and stigmometol. Different types of yogu MoreSterols form the largest proportion of the unsaponifiable fraction of lipids. Plant fats and oils contain phytosterol as naturally occurring constituents. The most common types of phytosterols in plants are cytosterol, compressor and stigmometol. Different types of yogurt and especially high-fat types are foods that are likely to contain added phytosterol. In this study, the presence of cholesterol and four phytosterols in 62 different yogurts in Tabriz city was investigated in order to assess the addition of vegetable oils. For this purpose, after saponification and liquid-liquid extraction of the samples, non-absorbent materials were purified by thin layer chromatography. Then, without the derivative step, the compounds were detected by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. In the recent study, the saponification process was optimized and validated. According to the results, the method was estimated as easy, fast and repeatable, and had a high efficiency in detecting sterols in our samples. Cholesterol was found as the highest sterolic compound in all samples (65-99%). Among the phytosterols, campesterol was predominated (4.7%) followed by brassicasterol (2.08%). According to the guidelines of Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran, 46 (74.2%) yogurt samples were found unacceptable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of )Echinacea purpurea( extract and identification of extract compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
M. Ghaedan N. Zamindar M. Goli N. Ghasemi SeproThis study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Echinacea purpurea, which is used as an antiseptic, immune system booster, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-poisoning herbaceous plant. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, MoreThis study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Echinacea purpurea, which is used as an antiseptic, immune system booster, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-poisoning herbaceous plant. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, total phenolic compounds and DPPH radical scavenging of the extract were measured. Antimicrobial properties of the extract were assessed using well-diffusion method. The components of the extract were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC MS). The data were analyzed using SPSS and Duncan's statistical test. The plant extract showed high level of phenolic compounds. The DPPH radical scavenging of the extract was tested at concentrations of 0.22, 0.25, 0.27, 0.31, 0.35, 0.41, 0.50 g/ml. The concentration of IC50 indicated sufficient inhibitory potential of the extract. The diameter (means ± SD) of the growth inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger was estimated at 4.67 ± 1.24, 3.11 ± 0.84 and 1.78 ± 0.89 mm, respectively. Based on well-diffusion assay, S. aureus was found more sensitive than E. coli, and E. coli was more sensitive than A. niger. Using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 81.38% of the total extract compounds were identified. Important components of the extract consisted of germacrene D (21.67%), paracetamol (5.53%), Bernoulli (4.58%), respectively. The results showed that Echinacea extract had excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Detection and determination of some pyrethroid pesticides in fruit and vegetable samples using Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry
J. Khandaghi M.R. Afshar MogaddamThe measurement of harmful substances that may enter the food has particular importance. Pesticides are one of the most important compounds that are wieldy used in agricultural activities. Despite the positive effects of the application of pesticides in agriculture, man MoreThe measurement of harmful substances that may enter the food has particular importance. Pesticides are one of the most important compounds that are wieldy used in agricultural activities. Despite the positive effects of the application of pesticides in agriculture, many pesticides are harmful to the environment and are known or suspected to be toxic to humans. Pyrethroid pesticides are common pesticides used in agricultural and personal care products and due to their high efficiency in controlling different pests they widely used. In the present work, an efficient and reliable microextraction method based on temperature-induced homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction developed for the extraction of Delthamethrine, Biphenthrine, Permethrin, Cyhalothrin and Cypermethrine pyrethroid pesticides from potato, tomato, lettuce and onion and then its analyses performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The optimized method validated with recoveries ranging from 56 to 83%. The limits of detection were in the range of 4.3-9.4 ng mL-1, indicating high repeatability of the proposed method in the extraction and analysis of pyrethroid pesticides. Other advantages of this method include low cost and simplicity, low organic solvents consumption, and short analysis time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Presented in Qom city and the antibiotic resistance Investigation of the prevalence of Arcobacter, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter and Bacillus cereus in sandwiches of the isolates
Seyed erfan Hoseini nasab najmeh vahed dehkordi Ebrahim RahimiNowadays, due to the existence of different occupations, it is not possible to cook food for all the people of a society, and most of the people have turned to using ready-made foods, which, in addition to all its advantages, can be a source of They are important bacter MoreNowadays, due to the existence of different occupations, it is not possible to cook food for all the people of a society, and most of the people have turned to using ready-made foods, which, in addition to all its advantages, can be a source of They are important bacterial contaminations that cause the spread of gastroenteritis. In this regard, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Arcobacter, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter and Bacillus cereus in sandwiches offered in Qom city and the antibiotic resistance of the isolates. 120 samples, including 30 samples of samosas, salads, traditional chicken nuggets, traditional hamburgers from the supply centers of Qom city, were randomly separated and transported to the food hygiene laboratory of Shahrekord Azad University along with ice flasks to prevent secondary contamination. The standards were evaluated. The results showed that Arcobacter 28.83%, Pseudomonas 16.65%, Bacillus cereus 23.35% and Campylobacter 14.75% were the highest and lowest contamination rates for Arcobacter and Campylobacter respectively. The highest level of resistance to antibiotics was related to Bacillus cereus with 78.56% and the lowest resistance was related to Campylobacter with 53.7%. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the consumption of street food to a minimum, and in case of gastroenteritis caused by food contamination, the use of antibiotics should also be minimized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - The cytotoxic effect of Spirulina extract on gastric and prostate cancer cell lines
F. Khodaverdipour Ali SharifzadehThe AGS cell line contains gastric cancer cells, which are among the most common cancers in the world. The DU145 cell line also includes prostate cancer cells, the second leading cause of death in men after lung cancer. This study was designed to assess the cytotoxicity MoreThe AGS cell line contains gastric cancer cells, which are among the most common cancers in the world. The DU145 cell line also includes prostate cancer cells, the second leading cause of death in men after lung cancer. This study was designed to assess the cytotoxicity of spirulina extract on AGS and DU145 cell lines. In this in vitro trial, cell lines AGS and DU145 were used. Gastric and prostate cancer cell lines were prepared and cultured from the Iranian Center for Biological and Genetic Resources. The cells were divided into treatment and control groups. The effect of spirulina extract on the treated group was determined using the MTT method. According to MTT results, Spirulina extract has anti-cancer activity and more than 50% reduction in cell density against AGS and DU145 cell lines; While it did not show any significant effect on healthy cells (P< 0.05). The results of this study indicate that Spirulina extract has a good potential to control cancer cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Survey on gastrointestinal parasitic helminthes in club and rural horses of Ardabil city, Iran
Parisa Shabazi Mohammad Tooloei Elnaz Zamanzad Ghavidel Armin HassanzadehParasitic diseases are considered as a major obstacle in the growth and development of animal health all over the world. Horses, in comparison to other domestic animals are reported to be more susceptible to a large number of parasites and may harbor different species a MoreParasitic diseases are considered as a major obstacle in the growth and development of animal health all over the world. Horses, in comparison to other domestic animals are reported to be more susceptible to a large number of parasites and may harbor different species at any time. The present study was carried out to establish the Gastrointestinal Parasites (GIP) profile of club and rural horses in Ardabil city. A total of 50 horses made up of 34 males and 16 females were examined in spring and summer, 2015. Fecal samples were processed by flotation techniques. GIP encountered were Strongyles (34%), Parascaris equorum (20%), Strongyloides westrii (12%), Anoplocephalidae (6%), Trichostrongylus spp. (4%), Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum (4%) and Dicrocoelium dendriticum­ (2%). According to the results, no significant differences in infection rate were found between male and female horses. But infection rates were significantly higher in horses without a history of anti-parasitic treatment in comparison with those with a history of anti-parasitic treatment (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between infected and uninfected horses regarding age despite more infection being observed in horses aged 6–10 yrs. Also, significant difference in infection rate between club and rural horses was not observed. Meanwhile in 4% of samples (2 rural horses), infection with Ornithobilharzia was found which is the first report of this parasite in horses in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - A survey of gastrointestinal parasitic fauna of Baluchi sheep in Sistan region and its mapping using the Geographic Information System (GIS)
Bargozideh Toneii Omid Dariush Saadati Reza Nabavi Milad Moradi Mehdi RasekhParasitic infestation of breeding sheep can cause weight loss, production loss and condemnation of edible organs at slaughter. This study was designed to evaluate gastrointestinal parasitic infections in sheep of Sistan region. Fecal samples from 395 sheep were collecte MoreParasitic infestation of breeding sheep can cause weight loss, production loss and condemnation of edible organs at slaughter. This study was designed to evaluate gastrointestinal parasitic infections in sheep of Sistan region. Fecal samples from 395 sheep were collected randomly. Coordinates of the sampling locations were recorded using a GPS device. Fecal tests were conducted using the Clayton-Lane floatation method. In this study only cestode eggs of the genus Moniezia and protozoan oocysts of the genus Eimeria were found in the faeces. Prevalence of Moniezia was 21 percent (83 cases) and prevalence of Eimeria was 39 percent (154 cases). There was no nematode or trematode eggs in the selected fecal samples. Chi-square test showed that there was no significant difference between the prevalence of Moniezia in cold and warm seasons but the prevalence of Eimeria in the warm season was significantly greater than the cold season (p < /em>=0.008). The results showed that gastrointestinal parasitic fauna of sheep in Sistan region is different from other regions of the country. This may be due to hot and dry weather of Sistan. In addition, the 120 days' winds of Sistan displace a large volume of soil in this region that can cause scattering of sheep stool in the desert, preventing completion of the life cycle of parasites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Survey on prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in wild goats (Capra aegagrus) of Arasbaran National Park
Ahmad Nematoallahi Parisa Shahbazi Hadi Mardomi Amir MollazadehArasbaran National Park is the largest national park in the west of the country, which is the habitat of important animal and plant species. One of the most important animal species living in it is the wild goat (Capra aegagrus). The aim of this study was to determine t MoreArasbaran National Park is the largest national park in the west of the country, which is the habitat of important animal and plant species. One of the most important animal species living in it is the wild goat (Capra aegagrus). The aim of this study was to determine the level of parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract goats of Arasbaran National Park. During 2018, 95 fecal samples were collected from the wild goats of Arasbaran National Park and were examined by direct smear and Clyton-Lane methods. Bearman apparatus was also used to identify the first stage larvae of pulmonary nematodes. Iodine and modified Nelson staining were used to diagnose Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections, respectively. All samples showed at least one worm agent and one protozoan infection. In this study, Eimeria (spp.) infection was observed in all fecal samples and infection with egg of Marshallagia marshalli (37.8%), Nematodirus (spp.) (60%), Trichioris ovis (62.1%), Dicrocoelium dendriticum (8/37%), Fasciola hepatica (25.2%), Moniezia expansa (13.6%), Cystocaulus oecratus larvae (28.4%) and Giardia lambelia cyst (33.6%) were observed. Cryptosporidium oocysts were not observed in any of the stained stool samples. No significant relationship was found between infestation rate with different parasites and the sex of the infected animals. The high level of infection of parasites in wild goats of Arasbaran National Park indicates the high potential of parasitic infection and conversion of animals in it as a reservoir of parasites and its subsequent spread to other animals and expansion in neighboring human communities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Evaluation of urinary and gastrointestinal disorders in foals with rhodococcosis and the effect of treatment with azithromycin plus rifampin on these disorders
ali hassanpour alireza monadi hamidreza Alipour Kheirkhah This study was conducted for evaluation of urinary and gastrointestinal disorders in foals with Rhodococcosis and the effect of treatment with azithromycin plus rifampin on these disorders. The study was performed on 17 foals with Rhodococcosis (2-5 months o More This study was conducted for evaluation of urinary and gastrointestinal disorders in foals with Rhodococcosis and the effect of treatment with azithromycin plus rifampin on these disorders. The study was performed on 17 foals with Rhodococcosis (2-5 months old) and 18 normal foals as control in horse stablesaroundTabriz area, Iran. Sick foals were detected with clinical and laboratory (culture of nasal discharge) findings. Blood samples C20 ml were collected from the jugular vein in all foals and serum was separated. Sick foals were examined and the clinical function of urinary and gastrointestinal systems were recorded. Kidney function was evaluated with measurement of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), total protein (Pr), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) in the serum. The gastrointestinal function was evaluated by considering the presence of diarrhea, appetite and gastric ulcer (with endoscopy). Azithromycin plus rifampin was used orally once a day for 2 weeks in foals with Rhodococcosis. Blood Sampling was conducted at the end of treatment and the preview parameters were evaluated. In sick foals, the clinical findings were resolved but soft stool wasstillobserved in 13 cases. Gastric ulcer were higher in the sick group with most of them considered grade II in the nonglandular region of the stomach. BUN, Cr and P increased significantly after treatment in the sick group. Rhodococcosis increased total protein in the serum significantly but was corrected after treatment. In conclusion, both Rhodococcosis and its treatment using azithromycin plusurinaryand gastrointestinaldysfunction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Alteration in serum biochemical values of sheep infested by gastrointestinal nematodes
احمد Nematollahi رضی JaafariIn order to investigate the biochemical changes in serum of sheep infested by gastrointestinal nematodes, biochemical elements such as calcium, phosphorus, Magnesium, Alkaline phosphates, Total protein, Albumin, Alpha globulins, Beta globulins and Gama globulins were me MoreIn order to investigate the biochemical changes in serum of sheep infested by gastrointestinal nematodes, biochemical elements such as calcium, phosphorus, Magnesium, Alkaline phosphates, Total protein, Albumin, Alpha globulins, Beta globulins and Gama globulins were measured andcompared with those of the control animals. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan multiple rouge test. Statistically significant differences were observed in calcium and phosphorus of serum between infested and control groups (p<0.05). Total protein and Albumin were significantly lower in the infested group (p<0.5) and Alpha globulins were significantly higher in this group (p<0.005).Hence infestation to gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep causes distinct of changes in serum parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - An Investigation of the Relationship between Quality of Work Life and Middle Managers’ Performance in Iran National Gas Company
Hamid Rahimiyan Ali najafiThis article studied the relationship between the quality of work life and middle managers’ performance. The statistical population included 180 middle managers, and Morgan table was used to select the research sample through stratified sampling technique. The sam MoreThis article studied the relationship between the quality of work life and middle managers’ performance. The statistical population included 180 middle managers, and Morgan table was used to select the research sample through stratified sampling technique. The sample size was 123, including 113 men and 10 women. Two questionnaires (quality of work life questionnaire with 29 questions and organizational performance questionnaire with 21 questions) whith high validity and reliability were used for data collection. The research is of descriptive – correlational type. The Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a significant correlation between all the work life quality variables and the middle managers’ performance. The Friedman test ranked the 6 variables of the quality of work life as follows: the work space and work design, participation in decision making, democracy in organization, training and education opportunities, salary and benefits, medical and welfare services. The results obtained from Kolmogorov – Smirnov test showed a normal distribution for the population. Finally, the results indicated that 20 percent of the middle managers’ performance is due to the work life quality components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Evaluating the Mediatory Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on the Relationship between Internal Marketing and Organizational Commitment (Case study: Headquarter Offices of Aghajari Oil and Gas Operating Company)
Mehdi Basirat Saheb Imani Mansour Zanejhad Amer Dehghan NajmabadiThe present study evaluates the effect of internal marketing on organizational commitment with an emphasis on the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. The study is an applied research from the viewpoint of the purpose,a descriptive-causal one from the st MoreThe present study evaluates the effect of internal marketing on organizational commitment with an emphasis on the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. The study is an applied research from the viewpoint of the purpose,a descriptive-causal one from the standpoint of data collection,and a quantitative one from the viewpoint of the type of the gathered data (questionnaire). The statistical population includes the headquarter offices of Aghajari oil and gas operating company,from which 100 people were selected as the research sample through the use of stratified random sampling method and Cochran formula.The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling(SEM)method,using partial least squares (PLS) approach as wellas Smart PLS software. The results indicate the significant positive effect of internal marketing on organizational commitment, the effect of internal marketing on entrepreneurial orientation, and ultimately, the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on organizational commitment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Designing and testing the supply chain agility model in oil and gas industry with a mixed approach
Sajjad Shamsi Gooshki Arsalan Nami Mohammad Solgi -
Open Access Article
272 - Time Series Models to Predict the Monthly and Annual Consumption of Natural Gas in Iran
Arash Farrokhi Reza Hassanzadeh -
Open Access Article
273 - Extraction of Hemicellulose and Lignin from Sugarcane Bagasse for Biopolymer Films: Green Process
Sifiso Nkosi Krishnan Kanny -
Open Access Article
274 - Statistical Approach on Corrosion Behavior of Dissimilar Welds of A387-Gr91/AISI316 Steels with PCGTAW Process
Mohammad Jula Reza Dehmolaei Seyed Reza Alavi Zaree -
Open Access Article
275 - Study the effect of the friction stir process on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the AZ31 as-cast alloy joint
Amir Rezaee Iman Ebrahimzadeh Farhad Gharavi -
Open Access Article
276 - Simultaneously Modeling and Optimization of Heat Affected Zone and Tensile Strength in GTAW Process Using Simulated Annealing Algorithm
Meysam Beytolamani Masoud Azadi Moghaddam Farhad Kolahan -
Open Access Article
277 - Evaluation of GMAW Welded Joints in A36 Low-Alloy Marine Steel Sheets: Tensile Test, Hardness, and Fatigue Properties
Mohammad reza Maraki Masoud Mahmoodi Milad Khodaei Hadi Tagimalek -
Open Access Article
278 - The Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on CO2/N2 Separation Using Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone/Polyetherimide Nano Composite Membrane
Habibollah Bahreini Elham Ameri Hassan Ebadi-Dehaghani -
Open Access Article
279 - Influence of shielding gas composition on weld structure in pulsed Nd: YAG laser welding
M jokar F MalekGhaini M. J. Torkamany -
Open Access Article
280 - Effect of adding perlite in soil on some growth and physiology characteristics of Queues castanifolia seedlings under water deficit stress
zohreh zoghi Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Masoud Tabari Kouchaksaraei Yahya KoochDraught stress is the most important abiotic stress significantly affecting plants’ growth, development, and performance. This study was carried out to determine the effect of perlite, as a modifying element of soil, on growth and physiological responses of Queues MoreDraught stress is the most important abiotic stress significantly affecting plants’ growth, development, and performance. This study was carried out to determine the effect of perlite, as a modifying element of soil, on growth and physiological responses of Queues castanifolia seedlings under water deficit stress. A factorial experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design under greenhouse condition of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in Gorgan, 2015. Perlite treatments at 4 levels (0, 15, , and 35% (V/V)) were added in soil and water stress at 3 levels (40, 70, and 100% irrigation at field capacity) were applied in the pot experiment for 5 months. Some parameters including gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conduction, and transpiration), leaf water potential of seedlings, diameter and height growth, and dry weight of root, stem, leaf, and seedlings were measured in different treatments at the end of the experiment period. Results showed that all parameters were affected by different levels of irrigation and perlite. Water deficit by 40% FC reduced 51% and 68% of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, respectively. The highest diameter and height growth and dry weight of the seedlings were observed in 25% and 35% (V/V) perlite application under normal and stress conditions, respectively. The use of perlite alleviated the negative effects of water deficit and ameliorated seedling growth. The findings suggest that perlite application in soil is suitable for the production of desirable seedlings under water deficit condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - The effect of different levels of drought stress in greenhouse condition on the expression of Germacron A synthase (TpGAS) and Parthenolide synthetase (TpPTS) genes involved in the production of Parthenolide in Tanacetum parthenium L.
Seyyedeh Samaneh Mosavi KhorshidiFeverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) is a herbaceous plant with antimicrobial, antiseptic, anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory effects. Parthenolide is the most important ingredient of 30 known sesquiterpene lactone in feverfew. Parthenolide is a germacranolide that its pha MoreFeverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) is a herbaceous plant with antimicrobial, antiseptic, anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory effects. Parthenolide is the most important ingredient of 30 known sesquiterpene lactone in feverfew. Parthenolide is a germacranolide that its pharmacological activity is highly regarded. In the present study, young leaves of feverfew that were under different levels of stress were investigated in order to study key genes expression changes of parthenolide biosynthetic pathway includes germacrene A synthase (TpGAS) and parthenolide synthase (TpPTS) by Real time PCR. The parthenolide amount was measured through the extraction method with HPLC and parthenolide standard curve. The results showed a significant increase in gene expression of germacrene A synthase and parthenolide synthase in the leaves of plants under drought stress showed a significant increase than the control plants. The highest expression of germacrene A synthase and parthenolide synthase was occurred while the plant was under severe drought stress (irrigation once every 7 days). The changes trend in gene expression was consistent with the changes trend of parthenolide amount. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Evaluation and comparison of oil content and fatty acid profiles of different populations of Rosa canina L. in different habitats of Azerbaijan, North-West Iran,
Fatemeh Nejadhabibvash Arsalan Pirvash Saeedeh KhamoushiThe fruit of Rosa canina L. contains valuable substances such as fatty acids. In this study, in order to determine the amount of oil and fatty acid profiles of Rosa canina in different habitats of Iran and to know the diversity of these compounds, the fruits at full rip MoreThe fruit of Rosa canina L. contains valuable substances such as fatty acids. In this study, in order to determine the amount of oil and fatty acid profiles of Rosa canina in different habitats of Iran and to know the diversity of these compounds, the fruits at full ripening stage were collected from 5 habitats with different climatic conditions, including Urmia, Chaldran, Bukan, Shahindeg and Zanjan with a height of 1500, 2000, 1370, 1406 and 1638 m above sea level, respectively, on 21 September in 2017. The oil was extracted from the seeds with Soxhlet apparatus and fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The results were showed that different habitats had a significant impact on the oil content and fatty acids profiles. The highest and lowest percentages of oil were obtained from Shahindeg (20.57 %) and Chaldran (12.37 %) habitats, respectively. The predominant fatty acids in seed oil of Chaldran habitat were palmitic acid (49.53 %), linoleic acid (46.71 %), cis-9-oleic acid (28.81 %) and cis-11- eicosanoic acid (17.88 %), meanwhile in the Urmia habitat; they were linoleic acid (42.96 %), cis-9-oleic acid (30.33 %), cis-11-eicosanoic acid (15.34 %) and palmitic acid (5.92 %). In the Zanjan habitat, the major of fatty acids were including linoleic acid (46.30 %), cis-9-oleic acid (28.42 %), cis-11-eicosanoic acid (16.71 %) and palmitic acid (4.54 %). In the Bukan habitat, the predominant fatty acids were linoleic acid (45.31 %), cis-9-oleic acid (27.70 %), cis-11- eicosanoic acid (17.70 %) and palmitic acid (5.33 %), while in the Shahindeg habitat; they were linoleic acid (52.61%), cis-9 oleic acid (28.62 %) and cis-11-eicosanoic acid (18.70 %). The Urmia and Bukan habitats had the highest amount of saturated fatty acids, while the seeds of Shahindeg habitat were rich in unsaturated fatty acids. In general, the results of this study proved the effect of ecological conditions on the quantity and quality of fatty acids and the percentage of oil in seed of Rosa canina L. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Comparative investigation of the effects of antifungal activities of some essential oils on Alternaria alternata fungus as a causal agent of tomato early blight disease
hassan mahdavikia Abdollah AhmadpourTomato early blight disease, caused by the fungus Alternaria alternata, is one of the most devastating diseases for the crop in Iran and worldwide. Recent studies have shown that some secondary metabolites of medicinal plants are effective in preventing the growth of fu MoreTomato early blight disease, caused by the fungus Alternaria alternata, is one of the most devastating diseases for the crop in Iran and worldwide. Recent studies have shown that some secondary metabolites of medicinal plants are effective in preventing the growth of fungi and are a good alternative to the use of chemical pesticides. In the present study, ten medicinal plants including Eucalyptus sp., Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Mentha longifolia, Mentha aquatica, Satureja hortensis, Achillea millefolium, Foeniculum vulgare, Anethum graveolens, and Trachyspermum copticum were collected during 2016-2017. Their essential oils were extracted using Clevenger apparatus, and GC-MS device was used to identify the essential oil compounds. Antifungal activity of essential oils was assayed through the inhibition of fungal colony growth at five concentrations of 0, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 ppm in mixing with potato dextrose agar medium with three replicates. The findings revealed that fungus colony growth was inhibited with increases in essential oils concentrations, and there were significant differences among different essential oils. Essential oils of Satureja hortensis, Trachyspermum copticum and Thymus vulgaris in 800 and 1200 ppm and Anethum graveolens in 1200 ppm demonstrated the highest effect on fungus colony growth. This study found that Carvacrol, Thymol, Para-cymene, and Gamma-terpinene ingredients tend to have the highest antifungal effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - Qualify Investigation and Detection of Major Constituents of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) Essential oil by Physical Methods as an Alternative to GC-MS
Mozhgan Jamshidian, Reza Dehghani Bidgoli Mehrdad MoradiThis article deals with evaluate the purity and detection of peppermint essential oil compositions using different spectrometry and refraction spectrometry methods and to compare them with chromatography. The conventional method for identifying and analyzing essential o MoreThis article deals with evaluate the purity and detection of peppermint essential oil compositions using different spectrometry and refraction spectrometry methods and to compare them with chromatography. The conventional method for identifying and analyzing essential oils is a costly gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometer. For this purpose, peppermint essential oil extract was first extracted and its main constituents were identified by chromatogram, menthol and menthon. Then using fast and low cost Raman spectroscopy method with three different spectrometers, two compounds of menthon and menthol were determined. Refractometry and FTIR spectroscopy were used to evaluate the purity of peppermint essential oil. Concentrations of 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 and 90 peppermint essential oils were manually made by cyclohexane solvent. These different concentrations and sample were tested by Refractometry and FTIR spectroscopy. As the results show, infrared spectroscopy is not capable of quantitatively identifying the essence of pure peppermint and its diluted concentrations and is only capable of qualitatively identifying different molecules, but can be clearly distinguishable by the use of refractive index analysis of different concentrations and pure samples. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy and refractive analysis is a fast and inexpensive method capable of identifying the major constituents and determining the purity of the essential oils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Phytochemical variation of the seed essential oils of several populations of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) in different habitats of Iran
Niloufar Jelvehgar Seied Mehdi Miri Khodadad Mostafavi Abdollah MohammadiThe genus Lepidium from the family Brassicaceae has 16 species in Iran, and the most famous species is garden cress (L. sativum), which is used as a vegetable or medicinal plant. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality and quantity of seed essential oil of MoreThe genus Lepidium from the family Brassicaceae has 16 species in Iran, and the most famous species is garden cress (L. sativum), which is used as a vegetable or medicinal plant. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality and quantity of seed essential oil of seven L. sativum populations collected from different climatic regions of Iran. Seeds of L. sativum populations were hydro-distillated by clevenger, and the chemical composition of the essential oils and their quantitative percentages were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The main compounds of seed essential oil were monoterpenes 1,8-cineole (44.5%), α-terpinyl acetate (13.9%) and α-pinene (7.7%). The populations of Karaj, Kerman and Qazvin had the highest amounts of 1,8-cineole, α-terpinyl acetate and α-pinene, respectively. The results of cluster analysis based on the chemical composition of garden cress seed essential oil using the Nearest neighbor method showed that seven studied populations were divided into two groups, and this grouping did not match the geographical coordinates of the regions. The first group included the populations of Kerman, Qazvin, Shahriar and Tabriz, and the second group were the populations of Shiraz, Hamadan and Karaj, which had the highest amount of 1,8-cineole and the lowest amount of α-terpinyl acetate and 7,10-hexadecadienoic acid, methyl ester. According to the results of the bi-plot diagram of principle component analysis (PCA), Karaj population -which had the lowest values of the first and second components- was placed in a distinct group. No significant correlation was observed between the main compositions of the essential oil with the geographic coordinates and weather conditions of the collection sites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Essential oil composition and gum phytochemistery of Dorema ammoniacum D. which collected from Birjand
Mohamad Norani Mohammad-Taghi Ebadi Alexander Crawford Mahdi Ayari NoushabadiDorema ammoniacum D. Don. is a perennial herbs from Apiaceae family that grows wild in central and eastern regions of Iran such as Yazd, Isfahan, Kerman, Semnan and Khorasan provinces, and its local names are Kandal, Vasha or Oshagh and Koma-kandal. There is some eviden MoreDorema ammoniacum D. Don. is a perennial herbs from Apiaceae family that grows wild in central and eastern regions of Iran such as Yazd, Isfahan, Kerman, Semnan and Khorasan provinces, and its local names are Kandal, Vasha or Oshagh and Koma-kandal. There is some evidence in Iranian traditional medicine about the anticonvulsant and anti-inflammatory properties of D. ammoniacum gum resin exuding from its root and stem. In this study, roots, stems, leaves, flowers and gums of D. ammoniacum were collected in the spring 2018 from Birjand in South Khorasan province. After drying the samples, the essential oils were extracted by hydro distillation and their content and compositions were investigated with gas chromatography techniques. The highest and lowest yield of essential oil in D. ammoniacum was obtained for gum and roots with a value of 1.0% and 0.2%, respectively. Based on the analysis of essential oils, 73 compounds were identified in organs and gum. In roots, stems, leaves, flowers and gum essential oils 91.3 %, 97.15 %, 91.8 %, 88.4 % and 89.4 % of the total components were identified, respectively. (Z)-sabinene hydrate, (2E, 6E)-farnesol, elemicin and n-hexacosane were common compounds among all essential oils. In addition, a series of monocyclic bisabolene compounds such as α-bisabolol, Z-α-bisabolene, β-bisabolene, ar-curcumene, ar-dihydro turmerone in different organs of the D. ammoniacum essential oils. The percentage of bisabolene compounds identified in different D. ammoniacum essential oils was 35.5% for root, 3.4% for stem, 1.4% for leaf, 14.5% for flower and 8.5% for gum essential oil. The most identified compounds in the D. ammoniacum essential oil were sesquiterpene compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Investigation of effective compounds and antioxidant properties of five cultivar of hops (Humulus Lupulus L.) in different regions of Golestan province
mostafa hamidi saeed navabpour mohsen fathi sadabadiTo investigate the effect of the environment on phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and phytochemical properties of essential oils in five cultivars of hop, in four regions of Golestan province (Gorgan, Aliabad, Galikesh, and Azadshahr), an experiment was co MoreTo investigate the effect of the environment on phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and phytochemical properties of essential oils in five cultivars of hop, in four regions of Golestan province (Gorgan, Aliabad, Galikesh, and Azadshahr), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2021-2022. Fruit extracts were prepared by soaking method using acetone solvent and the phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant properties were determined via Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride colorimetric, and DPPH method, respectively. Extraction of essential oils from fruit and identification of the compounds in the essential oil were carried out by water distillation method (Clevenger machine) and a gas chromatograph connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS), respectively. Overall, 32 compounds were identified, including Beta-acid, Alpha-acid, Co-humulone, total oil, Caryophyllene, Humulene, and Myrcene compounds, as the main components of the essential oil. Cascade cultivar in Gorgan region had the highest rate of phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity, which can be related to the climatic conditions of the region and the higher potential of this cultivar. Also, all cultivars in Gorgan region had the highest content of secondary metabolites than others. Among the cultivated cultivars, Cascade and then Centennial had the highest content of secondary metabolites in all cultivation areas. Therefore, in order to achieve higher secondary metabolites, cultivation of Cascade in Gorgan region is recommend. On the other hand, Nugget in Galicash had the lowest content of secondary metabolites, which can be related to its lower potential in production of secondary metabolites and the climatic conditions of Galicash region which is located at a higher altitude and has a negative effect on the production of secondary metabolites. Therefore, considering the effect of different environmental conditions on the medicinal compounds of the species, it is recommended to evaluate the effect of the other factors, including the soil of the habitats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Ranking Gas Stations from the Citizenships’ Viewpoints Using the Vikor Model (A Case Study of Eastern Part of Ahvaz Metropolis)
reza shooshtari Abbas MaroofnezhadWith the population increase in the cities of Iran, especially in the big cities, the demand for public services has increased too. Also, the need to use cars and, consequently, to create multiple gas stations has been increased more than ever before. Despite the fact t MoreWith the population increase in the cities of Iran, especially in the big cities, the demand for public services has increased too. Also, the need to use cars and, consequently, to create multiple gas stations has been increased more than ever before. Despite the fact that Iran is the second largest natural gas supplier in the world, it has long enjoyed the use and export of gas and diesel as the two most commonly fuel used for vehicles in most countries of the world. Given the difference in production capacity and gas consumption in the country, a large part of this fuel is supplied from abroad, which puts a lot of financial burden on buying, transportation and distribution at fuel terminals of the country's economy. The present study is objective as far as its objective is regarded and the method used in this study is a descriptive-analytical one. Using documentary resources and field surveys, a questionnaire consisting of 11 gas stations located in the eastern part of Ahvaz with seven indicators was designed and the stations were analyzed using the Vikor technique. The results of the study showed that among the stations, the position of gas station with Qi zero was ranked first and the position of the gas station of five companies with Qi 0.931 ranked the 11th or the last one. Therefore, in order to achieve spatial distribution and establish a relative balance in the distribution of services, measures should be taken to strengthen and increase the level of these seven indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Separation and Quantification of Hydrocarbons of LPG Using Novel MWCNT-Silica Gel Nanocomposite as Packed Column Adsorbent of Gas Chromatography
Seyed Mojtaba Mostafavi Masoumeh Piryaei Ahmad Rouhollahi Ali Mohajeri -
Open Access Article
290 - Separation of Aromatic and Alcoholic Mixtures using Novel MWCNT-Silica Gel Nanocomposite as an Adsorbent in Gas Chromatography
Seyed Mojtaba Mostafavi Ahmad Rouhollahi Ali Mohajeri Masoumeh Piryaei -
Open Access Article
291 - Quantitative Determination of LPG Hydrocarbons by Modified Packed Column Adsorbent of Gas Chromatography Via Full Factorial Design
Asghar Pasban Seyed Mojtaba Mostafavi Hanieh Malekzadeh Benyamin Mohammad Nazari -
Open Access Article
292 - Hydrogen rich gas production via nano-catalytic gasification of bagasse in supercritical water
Ahmad Tavassoli Masoumeh Ghalbi Ahangari -
Open Access Article
293 - Production of Hydrogen and Synthesis gas via Cu-Ni/Al2O3 catalyzed gasification of bagasse in supercritical water media
Reza Mehrani Ahmad Tavasoli Mohammad Barati Ali Karimi Masoumeh Ghalbi Ahangari -
Open Access Article
294 - Biomass Gasification Systems and Different Types of Gasifiers, Effective Parameters on Gasification Process Efficiency: An Overview
Mehrdad Kordi Seyyed Masoud Seyyedi -
Open Access Article
295 - Improving the Performance of Gas Turbine based on Rowen Model Using Type-2 Fuzzy Controller
Neda Jalali Mohammad Tolou Askari Hadi Razmi -
Open Access Article
296 - Investigating the impact of human resource retention system on productivity improvement in Parsian Gas Refining Company
mokhtar ranjbar moslem azadThe main purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of human resource retention system onimproving productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. The research method is descriptive surveytype. The statistical population of this study consisted of managers and MoreThe main purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of human resource retention system onimproving productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. The research method is descriptive surveytype. The statistical population of this study consisted of managers and employees of Parsian refinerywith 524 people. They were examined by stratified sampling method of 220 people. The research toolwas a researcher-made questionnaire developed by Human Resources Retention System, as well asHersey and Goldsmith's (2000) Productivity Questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaires wascalculated using Content and Structural Validity analysis and its reliability was calculated usingCronbach's alpha coefficient. For human resources retention it was 0.85 and for the Hersey andGoldsmith's productivity questionnaire was 0.92. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics andinferential statistics including multiple regressions and structural equation modeling using PLSsoftware. The findings showed that human resource retention system has a significant effect onimproving the productivity of Parsian gas refining company. Also, the dimensions of human resourceretention system including individual factors, organizational factors and environmental factors alsohave a positive and significant effect on improving the productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company.The simultaneous effect of variables in the final model using multiple regression and path analysisshowed that all dimensions of human resources retention system have a positive and significantpredictor of improving the productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - The effects of crude oil prices in the world market on regional prices of gas, Vector Error Correction approach
Ali Aghili Moghaddam Ebrahim Abbassi Shahriar Nessabian Marjan DamankeshidehThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-term and short-term relationships between the behavior of gas and oil prices in regional markets and their impact on each other using the VECM correction method during the period 2000-2019. For this purpose, due to th MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-term and short-term relationships between the behavior of gas and oil prices in regional markets and their impact on each other using the VECM correction method during the period 2000-2019. For this purpose, due to the wide range of variables in each region, proxy technique has been used to analyze the markets of gas and oil regions. The findings show that among the regional prices of the gas and oil market in Asia and Europe (unlike the US market), due to the relationship of aggregation, the influence of oil market fluctuations is very high. Due to the importance of the role of financial markets in facilitating oil and gas transactions, it is suggested that the major supply of oil and gas through the energy exchange be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Estimation of gasoline, electricity and gas demand system for urban households of Iran
Aliakbar KhosravinejadThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the income, price and crossover elasticity's of energy carriers of Iranian urban households. For this purpose, the demand system of energy carriers including gasoline, household electricity and household gas for urban households MoreThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the income, price and crossover elasticity's of energy carriers of Iranian urban households. For this purpose, the demand system of energy carriers including gasoline, household electricity and household gas for urban households is estimated from the combined household-year data with 77758 households during the years 2016-2017. The distinguishing feature of this article is the use of monthly price index data along with cross-sectional household budget data. The results show that gasoline, household electricity and household gas are among the essential goods. Of these three commodities, gasoline and household electricity are estimated to be elastic and gas domestic is elastic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Pricing Model of National Gas Exports via Pipeline on the Base of Game Theory
Ali Akbar Naji Meidani Gholam Ali RahimiOne of the most important issues in the field of natural gas export via pipeline is the lack of pricing strategy, and providing an optimum pricing mechanism has always been one of the biggest challenges for gas export contracts. In this paper a pricing mechanism based o MoreOne of the most important issues in the field of natural gas export via pipeline is the lack of pricing strategy, and providing an optimum pricing mechanism has always been one of the biggest challenges for gas export contracts. In this paper a pricing mechanism based on Game theory provided. The pricing mechanism has been developed based on cooperation among producing countries, consumers and gas transmitters that in the case of gas-exporting countries' commitment to it, the interests of these countries will be supplied. So, taking into account the realities of the market and according to the conditions of transmitter country, different scenarios have been compiled and according to it, the modeling is accomplished. The results of the different models in determining price, quantity and optimum tariff for two cooperative and non-cooperative games is that the interest of member countries in cooperative game is far greater than non-cooperative game. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Iran and Qatar Cooperation in Gas Production from South Pars (North Dome) Gas-Condensate Field: A Game Theory Framework
Elmira Bayati Bijan Safavi Amir JafarzadehAbstract The purpose of this article is to examine the cooperation between Iran and Qatar in withdrawal of shared reservoirs of South Pars gas field (in Qatar: North Dome) by using game theory. The failure of a credible international agreement in determining the magnit MoreAbstract The purpose of this article is to examine the cooperation between Iran and Qatar in withdrawal of shared reservoirs of South Pars gas field (in Qatar: North Dome) by using game theory. The failure of a credible international agreement in determining the magnitude of the exploitation has led Qatar to become more promising by investing more in its oil and gas industries than Iran; this imbalance has caused a rash and pernicious competition. Following this incident, the main purpose of the paper is to examine the type of communication (cooperative or non-cooperative) through the game theory to achieve an optimal economic strategy for Iran. Results based on non-cooperative game design, solving methods through methods of elimination of dominated strategies (dominate strategies equilibrium), and Nash equilibrium showed that choosing the non-cooperative strategy is optimized for both countries and non-cooperation has more economic benefits for Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - The effect 8 weeks resistance training on PTP1B expression in Gastrocnemius muscle, insulin resistance and fasting glucose in type 2 diabetic rats
amin boroomand babisan askari Saqqa Farajtabar Behrestaq Amir TaghipourAbstractBackground and Purpose: This experimental study aimed to determine the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle, glucose and insulin resistance in Wistar male's rats with type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: The populat MoreAbstractBackground and Purpose: This experimental study aimed to determine the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle, glucose and insulin resistance in Wistar male's rats with type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: The population consisted of all rats, among which 14 were purchased 10-weeks old rats with a 220 ± 20 g weighing. Then, type 2 diabetes induced by 8 weeks high-fat diet + STZ and divided randomly into resistance training and control groups. Then, the resistance rats participated in 8 weeks resistance training for 5 sessions per week. Fasting glucose, serum insulin and PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle of both groups were measured at 48 hours after last exercise and compared between 2 groups by independent T test. Results: The resistance training improved fasting glucose compared with control subjects. Insulin resistance was significantly increased and PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle significantly decreased in resistance group when compared with control subjects. Conclusion: Based on these data, decreased glucose concentration in exercise group can be attributed to decrease PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle in response to resistance training.Keywords: Resistance training, Gastrocnemius muscle, Type 2 diabetes, PTP1B expression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Empirical and Numerical Study of Gas Turbine Disks under Mechanical Stress and Temperature Gradient
Rasoul Yari Yari Hamid Zarepour Aazam Ghassemi -
Open Access Article
303 - Relationship Between Operational Performance in Industrial Manufacturing Companies with Approaches of Innovation, Quality, Efficiency and Productivity
Marzieh Horry Najafabadi Mehrdad Nikbakht Ahmadreza Shekarchizadeh -
Open Access Article
304 - Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Sinusoidal Pressure Path on Thinning of Tube in Hot Metal Free Bulging Process
Ali Talebi Anaraki Mohsen Loh-Mousavi -
Open Access Article
305 - Relationship between Technology Management and Operational Performance in Manufacturing Companies
Marzieh Horry Mehrdad Nikbakht Ahmadreza Shekarchizadeh -
Open Access Article
306 - Paradigm model of factors affecting the quality of financial reporting in Bidboland Gas Refining Company
Seyed Ali Sedighipour Allah Karam SalehiThe financial reporting quality is one of the most important topics in accounting research that has been evaluated from both academic and experimental aspects. In this paper, using grounded theory and semi-structured interviews with 11 board of directors and senior fina MoreThe financial reporting quality is one of the most important topics in accounting research that has been evaluated from both academic and experimental aspects. In this paper, using grounded theory and semi-structured interviews with 11 board of directors and senior financial managers in 2021, an attempt has been made to design a conceptual model of financial reporting quality of Bidboland Gas Refining Company. Research data were analyzed using open coding method and final concepts were extracted. According to the interviews, through linking causal, contextual and intervening conditions as input factors and strategies and consequences as output factors, the conceptual model have been identified and reported. According to the extracted paradigm model, the most important causal conditions affecting the quality of financial reporting include corporate governance, quality of disclosure, accounting information system and financial knowledge and expertise. Also, to achieve the better quality of financial reporting, strategies such as financial transparency, the establishment of internal control system and the implementation of operational auditing should be adopted. The research model showed that the quality of financial reporting can have consequences such as increasing efficiency and improve performance, costs saving, reducing information asymmetry and the financial report’s reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Magnetic Induction Tomography: A Review of Process and Medical Tomography Systems
Mohammad Reza YousefiBeing a non-contact safe imaging technique, MIT has been an appropriate method for non-invasive and non-destructive industrial and medical imaging. In this imaging method, a primary magnetic field is applied by one or more excitation coils to induce eddy currents in the MoreBeing a non-contact safe imaging technique, MIT has been an appropriate method for non-invasive and non-destructive industrial and medical imaging. In this imaging method, a primary magnetic field is applied by one or more excitation coils to induce eddy currents in the material to be studied, and then the secondary magnetic field from these eddy currents is detected in sensing coils. Image reconstruction is obtained from estimated electric conductivity coefficients by using measurement data and solutions of forward and inverse problems. MIT is a promising modality for noninvasive medical imaging due to its contactless and nonionizing technology. On the other hand, one of the needs of experts in oil/gas industry is to get information about process inside pipelines and tanks containing oil and gas, which is usually not accessible without disconnecting the process. For this reason, tremendous efforts have been made on measurements and nondestructive tests without physical disconnecting the process. In recent years, applications of process tomography as an imaging non-invasive tool for imaging from inside of pipelines, monitoring and measuring flows have increased. In this Paper, the properties of process and medical tomography systems reviewed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Electricity and Gas Networks Expansion Planning Considering Different Energy Consumption
Alireza Dehshiri-Badi Vahid Amir Seyed Mohammad ShariatmadarThis paper presents the generation and transmission expansion planning (GTEP) in electricity and gas networks. These networks supply electricity, heat, and gas consumption energies. Scheme minimizes the generation and transmission planning cost (total investment cost an MoreThis paper presents the generation and transmission expansion planning (GTEP) in electricity and gas networks. These networks supply electricity, heat, and gas consumption energies. Scheme minimizes the generation and transmission planning cost (total investment cost and expected operating cost). It is constrained to the investment budget and the planning model of the mentioned elements, the power flow equations of electricity and gas networks, the operation limits of the networks, and the limitation on generation capability. In the following, a linear approximation model considering quadratically objective function is obtained. Furthermore, stochastic optimization is adopted to model the uncertainty of load and renewable power. In this model, the concurrent consideration of electrical and gas networks with regard to fulfilments of simultaneous electrical-gas-thermal consumers is considered as a novel model into the model. Finally, the extracted numerical results confirm the capability of the proposed scheme in improving the operation and economic of the mentioned networks using optimal generation and transmission planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Sliding Mode Control of Gas Turbine Based on Adaptive Nonlinear Observer
Hamed Tabibi Mohsen ParsaAccording to the critical role of gas turbines in the industry, monitoring the performance of gas turbines is an important issue since it can prevent unexpected shutdowns and the serious consequent financial harms. One of the most important parts of a gas turbine is the MoreAccording to the critical role of gas turbines in the industry, monitoring the performance of gas turbines is an important issue since it can prevent unexpected shutdowns and the serious consequent financial harms. One of the most important parts of a gas turbine is the combustion chamber. Although the internal pressure and temperature of the combustion chamber can directly affect the performance and useful life of this part, however, it is not possible to measure it directly through sensors. Therefore, estimation of pressure variable is a good choice to achieve greater performance and more relative stability comparing with the methods in which there is no access to the internal pressure of the chamber. In this research, a suitable nonlinear dynamic model with produced power and exhausted gas temperature as its outputs is chosen. Thereafter, an adaptive surface sliding observer is designed in order to estimate the combustion pressure and temperature which are the state variables of the gas turbine. Afterward, utilizing a sliding mode controller and applying the estimated states, the produced power and exhaustion gas temperature of the gas turbine is controlled. In this paper, the stability of the closed-loop system in the presence of the state observer through the Lyapunov approach is guaranteed. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the validity and efficiency of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Joint Optimization of Integrated Energy Systems in the Presence of Renewable Energy Sources, Power-to-Gas Systems and Energy Storage
Mahroo Sattar Mahmoud Samiei Moghaddam Azita Azarfar Nasrin Salehi Mojtaba VahediDue to the high penetration of renewable energy resources and the direct impact on the power system, the issue of energy management has received more attention than researchers. Power-to-gas (P2G) system causes the surplus electricity generated from renewable energy res MoreDue to the high penetration of renewable energy resources and the direct impact on the power system, the issue of energy management has received more attention than researchers. Power-to-gas (P2G) system causes the surplus electricity generated from renewable energy resources in the network to be converted to gas and sold to the gas network, so energy management and profitability are a matter of particular importance, considering the two grids as a joint optimization of integrated energy systems. This paper presents a scenario-based stochastic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to optimize integrated gas and electricity integrated systems considering natural gas distributed generation resources, P2G systems, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles. It aims to reduce the cost of purchasing energy and cut off the power of renewable energy resources. The 33-bus power distribution network and the 7-node natural gas network are considered for the analysis of the proposed model, and the proposed model is solved using the powerful Gurobi solver, considering various cases. The results of different cases show the performance of the proposed model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Futures Studies of Gas Industry in Iran based on Fuzzy MCDM Methods and Critical Uncertainty Approach
Mohammad Reza Fathi Abolfazl Khosravi Somayeh Razi Moheb Saraj Amirhossein Behrooz -
Open Access Article
312 - The Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from local dairy products of Gorgan township with the ability to inhibit the growth of some gastrointestinal pathogens
hadi koohsari Zeinab Rashti Shohre ArabIsolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from local products can play an important role in the introduction of unique types of probiotics. The present study was conducted in an attempt to isolate lactic acid bacteria from local dairy produced in the township MoreIsolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from local products can play an important role in the introduction of unique types of probiotics. The present study was conducted in an attempt to isolate lactic acid bacteria from local dairy produced in the township of Gorgan which had the ability to inhibit the growth of some gastrointestinal pathogens. In order to isolate lactic acid bacteria, cheeses samples were sub-cultured on media cultures of MRS agar, M17 Agar , KAA and MRS+Vancomycin. Then, isolates were identified based on general morphological characteristics, biochemical and sugar fermentation tests. Using agar well diffusion, the antibacterial activity of culture supernatant of lactic acid bacteria was tested against four pathogenic bacteria. Among 24 samples of local cheeses and dooghs and 4 industrial samples, a total of 73 isolates were identified in which Lactobacillus casei was the most frequent isolate with with 34.24%. Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from sheep's dough and sheep's cheese and Lactobacillus delbrucki and Lactobacillus ramenosus isolated from sheep's dough showed significant antibacterial activity against all pathogenic bacteria studied, namely, E. coli, S. aureus, B. cereus and C. freundii. Moreover, lactic acid bacteria isolated from industrial samples showed less antibacterial activity compared to isolates of local samples. Overall according to antagonistic effects of lactic acid bacteria isolated from of Gorgan’s local dairy products, it is recommended to evaluate their use as probiotic bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - Survey on antibacterial effect of Padina sp. and Sargassum sp. collected from the coastal areas of Bushehr port on Vibrio cholera and Escherichia coli isolated from water
Alireza Golchin Manshadi برهان مال الهی محمد ترحمیTo evaluate the antibacterial effect of Padina sp. and Sargassum sp. extracts, collected from coastal areas of Bushehr port, on Vibrio cholera and Escherichiacoli, after washing in distilled water, the Padina sp. and Sargassum sp. were dried. Extraction was performed by MoreTo evaluate the antibacterial effect of Padina sp. and Sargassum sp. extracts, collected from coastal areas of Bushehr port, on Vibrio cholera and Escherichiacoli, after washing in distilled water, the Padina sp. and Sargassum sp. were dried. Extraction was performed by immersion in 96% methanol to obtain methanol extract. Serial dilutions of the algal extracts were prepared by methanol and DMSO to find effect of solvent on algea potential as pure (100 percent), 25 percent and finally 12.5 to 0.195 percent. Concentration of bacteria for inoculating in tubes were prepared base on McFarlane turbidity and was used to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of algal extracts. The results showed that both Padina sp .and Sargassum sp. were effective on V. cholera and E. coli, although the results were not statistically significant (P>0.05). However the effect of Padina sp. on both bacteria and methanol extract was more. The relationship between the concentration of algal extracts with MIC and MBC based on linear regression method showed that there is a significant relationship between two parameters (P≤0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - بررسی اثر عصاره الکلی مرزه بختیاری بر زخم معده القا شده با الکل در موش صحرایی
فیروزه سقایی عبدالرسول نامجوBackground & Aim: Free radicals play an important role in the development of some diseases, including gastrointestinal ulcers. Current gastric ulcer drugs have side effects, so the tendency to use herbs and replace them with synthetic drugs has increased. In this re MoreBackground & Aim: Free radicals play an important role in the development of some diseases, including gastrointestinal ulcers. Current gastric ulcer drugs have side effects, so the tendency to use herbs and replace them with synthetic drugs has increased. In this regard, plants of the Satureja family have been studied in terms of healing and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Satureja bachtiarica ethanolic extract on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal ulcers in rats.Experimental: Thirty rats were divided into 5 equal groups. Group 1 received 200 mg / kg of ethanolic extract of Satureja bachtiarica (EESB), group 2 received 400 mg / kg EESB, group 3 received 20 mg / kg omeprazole, group 4 received 1 mL of CMC and group 5 received 1 mL of normal saline. One hour after treatment, each animal received absolute ethanol (1ml / rat) orally by gavage. The other 30 mice were treated with oral ethanol after induction of gastric ulcer as described above, but all treatments were once a day for 14 days. At the end of both tests, ulcer index, histopathologic exams, Malonedialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured.Results: Ethanolic extract of Satureja bachtiarica (400 mg/kg) and omeprazole had a significant effect on reducing ulcer index and increasing ulcer inhibition. It significantly preserved the gastric wall mucosa and reduced the formation of ethanol-induced gastric lesions. Also in this study a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and a significant decrease in Malonedialdehyde (MDA) in gastric tissue were observed.Recommended applications/industries: The anti-ulcer effect of this plant seems to be due to the reduction of oxidative stress, which is probably due to the presence of thymol and carvacrol in the plant extract. This plant may be considered officially in the treatment and prevention of stomach ulcers in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - اثر ترمیم کنندگی زخم معده توسط عصاره ساقه و فراکسیون های Homalium Letestui
لوییس آمازو جواد اکوکون لوکی نوییدامقدمه و هدف: Homalium letestui که به طور سنتی توسط مردم ایبی بیو در جنوب نیجریه برای درمان زخم معده، مالاریا و سایر بیماریها استفاده می شود جهت بررسی ویژگیهای ممانعت کنندگی از ایجاد زخم معده مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: تاثیر عصاره اتانولی ساقه (600-200 میلی Moreمقدمه و هدف: Homalium letestui که به طور سنتی توسط مردم ایبی بیو در جنوب نیجریه برای درمان زخم معده، مالاریا و سایر بیماریها استفاده می شود جهت بررسی ویژگیهای ممانعت کنندگی از ایجاد زخم معده مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: تاثیر عصاره اتانولی ساقه (600-200 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) و فراکشنها (آبی و دی کلرومتان؛ 400 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) در زخم القا شده در شرایط آزمایشگاهی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: عصاره (600-200 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) از ایجاد زخم القا شده در مدلهای اتانول، ایندومتاسین، رزرپین و هیستامین به صورت وابسته به دوز ممانعت کرد و درجات ممانعت کنندگی از نظرآماری (p<0.05, 0.01, 0.001) معنی دار بودند. تاثیر عصاره قابل مقایسه با داروهای استاندارد مورد استفاده در مدلهای زخم القا شده توسط ایندومتاسین و اتانول بود و فراکشنهای به دست آمده توسط دی کلرومتان بیشترین فعالیت را داشتند. توصیه های کاربردی/صنعتی: این تحقیق نشان داد که عصاره ساقه Homalium letestui می تواند در درمان زخم موثر باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - ارزیابی کمی و کیفی اسیدهای چرب بذر خیار چنبر (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus)
ابوالفضل امینی حسینعلی اسدی قارنه الهام فروزندهBackground & Aim:Armenian cucumber (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus) is one of the varieties of Cucurbitaceae family that is freshly consumed in Iran, while due to the presence of useful fatty acids and minerals, it can play a special role in the health diet. The a MoreBackground & Aim:Armenian cucumber (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus) is one of the varieties of Cucurbitaceae family that is freshly consumed in Iran, while due to the presence of useful fatty acids and minerals, it can play a special role in the health diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative of fatty acids in the seeds of Armenian cucumber. Experimental: Fruits were harvested in summer of 2018 at a fully ripened stage.The seeds were manually separated from the fruits and dried in roomtemperature. Evaluation of morphological traits was performed in the laboratory of horticulture sciences department. The seed oil extraction was done using Soxhlet apparatus and fatty acids analysis was performed by gas chromatography at Central Research Institute of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch. Results: The mean of 100-seed weight was 4.08 g, the mean of seed length and diameter were 12.46 and 4.84 mm, respectively, andthe ratio of kernel to seed shellwas 2.75. The seed oil content was 34.8% and included of 24 kind of different fatty acids. The most important unsaturated fatty acids were linoleic with 51.62% and oleic acid with 28.31% and the most important saturated fatty acids were palmitic and stearic acids with 11.16% and 7.16%, respectively. The sum of unsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids were 19.46, 80.54 and 4.13, respectively. Recommended applications/industries: According to the results of this research, America cucumber seeds are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids that will make them suitable for food, pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - اثر عصاره هیدروالکلی آویشن دنایی بر پیشگیری از زخم معده القا شده با اتانول در رت
فیروزه سقایی محمد صالحی محمد جواد نمازی محمد باقریمقدمه و هدف: از جمله بیماری های شایع در میان جوامع زخم معده است. درمانهای رایج این بیماری شامل داروهای کاهنده ترشح اسید هستند که ضمن اثربخشی دارای عوارض جانبی هستند. استفاده از گیاهان دارویی به عنوان کمک درمان این بیماری مورد توجه است. گیاه دارویی آویشن دنایی Thymus dae Moreمقدمه و هدف: از جمله بیماری های شایع در میان جوامع زخم معده است. درمانهای رایج این بیماری شامل داروهای کاهنده ترشح اسید هستند که ضمن اثربخشی دارای عوارض جانبی هستند. استفاده از گیاهان دارویی به عنوان کمک درمان این بیماری مورد توجه است. گیاه دارویی آویشن دنایی Thymus daenensis به دلیل داشتن ترکیبات متعدد من جمله فلاونوییدها می­تواند در پیشگیری از زخم معده موثر باشد. روش تحقیق: برای انجام این مطالعه از 35 موش صحرایی (200-250 گرم)در 7 گروه آزمایشی استفاده شد. گروههای آزمایشی شامل گروه سالین، گروههای دریافت کننده عصاره­ی آویشن دنایی با دوز 500 و 1000 و 1500 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم ، گروه امپرازول با دوز 20 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم، گروه کربوکسی متیل سلولز (حلال داروی امپرازول) به صورت خوراکی وگروه شاهد منفی دریافت کننده سالین خوراکی ، بودند. یک ساعت پس از درمان، با خوراندن 5/0 میلی لیتراتانول خالص به هر حیوان به جز گروه آخر زخم معده القا شد. پس از 4 ساعت، حیوانات بیهوش شدند، از قلب خونگیری صورت گرفت و بافت معده جدا گردید و جهت مطالعات هیستوپاتولو‍‍ژیک و بیوشیمیایی مورد استفاده قرارگرفت. میزان سوپراکسیددیسموتاز (SOD) سرم و میزان مالون دی آلدئید (MDA) بافت معده تعیین شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج در گروههای مورد آزمایش نشان دهنده کاهش آلسر ایندکس وافزایش درصد مهار زخم و اثر محافظتی عصاره گیاه به صورت وابسته به دوز(در دوز بالاتر هم ارز اومپرازول) است. افزایش معنا دار میزان SOD و کاهش معنادار MDA نیز در اثر تجویز عصاره گیاه و اومپرازول بیانگر اثر مفید عصاره بر پایه آثار آنتی اکسیدان آن(کاهش استرس اکسیداتیو) می­باشد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج حاصل می توان از آثار آنتی اکسیدان گیاه آویشن دنایی در درمان بیماریهایی که در اثر عوامل اکسیداتیو ایجاد می گردند در کنار داروهای دیگر بهره برد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - China's presence in the Persian Gulf: Political and strategic implications
Majid Bozorgmehri Maryam MirzaeiAbstract: While China pursues economic, industrial and foreign trade development strategy its need for energy source like oil and gas increases. This approach will lead to an increase in import of oil products from different parts of the world particularly the Middle Ea MoreAbstract: While China pursues economic, industrial and foreign trade development strategy its need for energy source like oil and gas increases. This approach will lead to an increase in import of oil products from different parts of the world particularly the Middle East. The reason for China to become more active in Persian Gulf is the need for energy and in this direction it is diluting emphasis on ideology in foreign policy. The question raised by the paper is “what is China's foreign policy is in the Persian Gulf?” How has been China's presence in this strategic region? What is China's policy about the free and unhindered flow of oil in the Persian Gulf? Will it be an inactive policy in conforming to the Western world or it wants to play an active role in region's development in competition with the United States? The underlying hypothesis is that China will be having an extensive presence in relation with its increasing need for oil. This presence will be in the shape of economic and commercial transactions, import of oil and the export of goods and services to the region. It seems that China is not interested in creating a confrontationist and security atmosphere with the United States. The priority of China is the stability of the region in cooperation with the West. The grand strategy of balancing with the United States in Persian Gulf is positive interaction with the United States. In this direction China establishes economic ties with the main actors in the region and creating the sense of dependence in them about the need for good relations with China. In this way China tries to strengthen its position in the region. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical and making use of documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Cross-Border Gas Pipelines and Energy Security of Islamic Republic Of Iran
Hojjat SalimiAbstract: Nowadays the security of energy is one of the most important dimensions of national security and focus of attention of all states. Iran for the reason of having rich natural gas resources and special geopolitical location has great potential in int MoreAbstract: Nowadays the security of energy is one of the most important dimensions of national security and focus of attention of all states. Iran for the reason of having rich natural gas resources and special geopolitical location has great potential in international gas trade through pipeline. The purpose of the present paper is to explain the challenges that Iran is facing for providing security of energy through cross border pipelines. The basic point is what are the most important challenges which Iran is facing in natural gas trade through cross border pipelines and what are the solution for managing these challenges? The descriptive-analytical examination of the issue shows that Iran is facing challenges in three sectors. These challenges are the security of supply, demand and transit, but the most important among these three is the security of demand. In the direction of maintaining demand and diversification of it, the suitable solution is the increase in attraction of foreign investment and transfer of technical know-how, readiness to increase supply in emergency situation when the demand suddenly increases and subsiding the international disputes in supply of natural gas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - The Place of Persian Gulf in Great Powers Competitions
Zarei Bahador Ali Zeinivand Kimia MohammadiFrom the beginning of 21st century the geo-economic approach is used as a new approach for analysis of strategic and international problems and competition of big powers in strategic regions. This approach is formed from the combination of three elements, namely geograp MoreFrom the beginning of 21st century the geo-economic approach is used as a new approach for analysis of strategic and international problems and competition of big powers in strategic regions. This approach is formed from the combination of three elements, namely geography, power and economy and it examines the relations of geography, power and economy and the interaction of these three elements in acquisition of power. In this period the powerful countries instead of paying attention to mere geopolitics mainly turned to geo-economics and try to have a politico-economic look instead of politico-military look to sensitive regions of the world. In present century energy particularly oil and gas as the spirit of geo-economics plays important role in the process of development, determining security and creating regional and international tensions. One of the strategic and geo-economic regions which will be the scene of disputes and geo-energy competition in twenty first century is Persian Gulf. Persian Gulf from the viewpoint of geopolitical and geostrategic theories is an important international region and this region from the viewpoint of new theories (geo-economic, geostrategic and geo-energy) is one of the sensitive and effective region in international and regional equations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Using of modified sugarcane bagasse as a green and inexpensive catalyst for the synthesis of indeno[1,2-b]quinolin-8-one derivatives
Samaneh Hamidi Zare Esmael Rostami -
Open Access Article
322 - Efficient synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones using nano-sized protonated ZSM–5 as a biodegradable and reusable solid acid catalyst
Sedigheh Rostami Seyed Naser Azizi Fatemeh Rigi -
Open Access Article
323 - Introducing Pt/ZnO as a new non carbon substrate electro catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction at low temperature acidic fuel cells
Rasol Abdullah Mirzaie Fatemeh Hamedi -
Open Access Article
324 - Oxidation of greenhouse gases, CH4 and CO, over LaMnxNi1-xO3±δ mixed oxide
Farhad Banisharif Mohammad Reza Dehghani Golshan Mazloom Yahya Hojatpanah -
Open Access Article
325 - Non-oxidative conversion of methane to aromatics over modified zeolite catalysts by transitional metals
Elmira Yaghinirad Hassan Aghdasinia Ali Naghizadeh Aligholi Niaei -
Open Access Article
326 - Kinetic comparison of Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/MgO-Al2O3 nano structure catalysts in CO2 reforming of methane
Zahra Alipour Fereshteh Meshkani Mehran Rezaei -
Open Access Article
327 - مدلسازی ریاضی مبتنی بر GAS جهت برآورد ارزش در معرض ریسک فاقد حافظه برای شاخص کل بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
محمدابراهیم سماوی هاشم نیکومرام مهدی معدنچی زاج احمد یعقوب نژاددر دههای اخیر، به صورت ویژه از سال 2000 میلادی روشهای پیشرفته ریاضی جهت مدلسازی مالی کاربرد فراوانی پیدا کرده است به طوری که با استفاده از این روشهای میتوان به بسیاری از چالشهای اساسی علوم مالی فائق آمد. اولین قدم در مدیریت ریسک در حوزه سرمایه گذاری، محاسبه متغیری Moreدر دههای اخیر، به صورت ویژه از سال 2000 میلادی روشهای پیشرفته ریاضی جهت مدلسازی مالی کاربرد فراوانی پیدا کرده است به طوری که با استفاده از این روشهای میتوان به بسیاری از چالشهای اساسی علوم مالی فائق آمد. اولین قدم در مدیریت ریسک در حوزه سرمایه گذاری، محاسبه متغیری است که ریسک را به طور دقیق توضیح می دهد. یکی از پرکاربردترین معیارها برای محاسبه ریسک، ارزش در معرض ریسک است که در سه دهه گذشته مورد توجه محققان مالی بوده است. هدف مطالعه حاضر مدلسازی پویا و زمان متغیر با استفاده از تکنیکی به نام امتیاز خودرگرسیون تعمیم یافته (GAS) برای تخمین ارزش در معرض ریسک شاخص کل با استفاده از داده های روزانه از سال 1390 الی 1399 و با فرض توزیع t-student است. نتایج آن با نتایج مدل های AR و GARCH شناخته شده مقایسه شده است. برای TSE تنها دو مدل GAS و GARCH برای تخمین ارزش در معرض ریسک مناسب هستند و مدل GAS ارجحیت دارد. همچنین، مدت زمان ریسک خطای ارزش در معرض ریسک برای هر سه مدل فاقد حافظه بلندمدت است که نشان دهنده اتکای آن در بحران های مالی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - Recent Nutritional Advances to Mitigate Methane Emission in Cattle: A Review
A. Hadipour ا. محیط H. Darmani Kuhi F. Hashemzadeh -
Open Access Article
329 - In vitro Assessment of the Effect of Plant Extracts on Digestibility, Estimated Energy Value, Microbial Mass and Rumen Fermentation Kinetics
و. ناصری ف. کفیل زاده ح. جهانی عزیزآبادی -
Open Access Article
330 - Determination of in vitro Gas Production Kinetics by Adding Leucaena leucecophala and Corn Oil to the Ration in Different Ratios
C.T. Noviandi K. Kustaantinah A. Irawan B.P. Widyobroto A. Astuti -
Open Access Article
331 - تأثیر عصاره بره موم ایرانی بر تخمیر شکمبه، تولید متان و جمعیت میکروبی در شرایط برونتنی
ش. احتشام ع.ر. وکیلی م. دانش مسگران و. بانکوابرای انجام این تحقیق دو نوع خوراک (پر کنستانتره و پر علوفه) به همراه غلظتهای مختلف عصاره الکلی بره موم زنبور عسل ایرانی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تیمارهای بکار رفته در پژوهش شامل: خوراک پرکنستانتره (کنترل)، خوراک پرکنستانتره + عصاره بره موم 25 درصد، خوراک پرکنستانتره + 5 Moreبرای انجام این تحقیق دو نوع خوراک (پر کنستانتره و پر علوفه) به همراه غلظتهای مختلف عصاره الکلی بره موم زنبور عسل ایرانی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تیمارهای بکار رفته در پژوهش شامل: خوراک پرکنستانتره (کنترل)، خوراک پرکنستانتره + عصاره بره موم 25 درصد، خوراک پرکنستانتره + 50 درصد، خوراک پرکنستانتره + 75 درصد، خوراک پر علوفه (کنترل)، خوراک پر علوفه + عصاره بره موم 25 درصد، خوراک پرعلوفه +50 درصد و خوراک پر علوفه +75 درصد (یعنی 25، 50 و 75 گرم بره موم زنبورعسل ایرانی در 100 سیسی الکل اتانول 70 درصد) بود. این آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد تیمارهای حاوی بره موم 75 درصد تولید گاز را به طور معنیداری افزایش میدهد. افزودن بره موم موجب تغییر معنیداری در pH شکمبه نمیشود. در تیمار خوراکهای پرکنستانتره تیمار حاوی بره موم 50 درصد موجب کاهش معنیدار نیتروژن آمونیاکی در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها میشود. همچنین تیمار حاوی بره موم 75 درصد موجب کاهش معنیدار تولید گاز متان میشود. بیشترین کاهش و بیشترین افزایش جمعیت پریوتلا بریانتی به ترتیب در تیمارهای حاوی 75 درصد و 25 درصد مشاهده شد. در تیمار خوراکهای پرعلوفه کاهش معنیدار جمعیت پروتوزوآ در بره موم 75 درصد در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها مشاهده شد. بعلاوه جمعیت متانوژنزها کاهش معنیداری در تیمارهای حاوی 25 دصد، 50 درصد و 75 درصد بره موم در مقابسه با کنترل داشت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که عصاره بره موم موجب بهبود تخمیر، کاهش متان و نیتروژن آمونیاکی میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - اثر عصاره متانولی پوست انار بر روند تخمیر شکمبهای کنجالههای دانههای روغنی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی
ش. نظارتی ن. ماهری سیساین مطالعه به منظور تعیین اثرات افزودن عصاره­ متانولی پوست انار در سطوح 0، 5/0 و 1 درصد شیرابه شکمبه­ بافر شده بر روند تخمیر شکمبه­ای چهار نوع کنجاله­ دانه­های روغنی شامل کنجاله سویا، کنجاله تخم پنبه، کنجاله منداب و کنجاله آفتابگردان، با استفاده از ف Moreاین مطالعه به منظور تعیین اثرات افزودن عصاره­ متانولی پوست انار در سطوح 0، 5/0 و 1 درصد شیرابه شکمبه­ بافر شده بر روند تخمیر شکمبه­ای چهار نوع کنجاله­ دانه­های روغنی شامل کنجاله سویا، کنجاله تخم پنبه، کنجاله منداب و کنجاله آفتابگردان، با استفاده از فن تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی به اجرا در آمد. نمونه­های آزمایشی در سرنگ­های حاوی شیرابه­ شکمبه­ گرفته شده از سه رأس گوسفند نر قزل کانولا گذاری شده، برای مدت زمان­های 2، 4، 6، 8، 12، 24 و 36 ساعت انکوبه شدند. افزودن عصاره­ متانولی پوست انار موجب افزایش معنی­دار حجم گاز تولیدی در تمام زمان­های انکوباسیون و برای تمامی کنجاله­های مورد آزمایش شد. همچنین مقدار گاز تولیدی متناسب با افزایش سطح عصاره افزایش یافت. مقدار فراسنجه­های a(حجم گاز حاصل از تخمیر بخش سریع قابل حل)، b (حجم گاز حاصل از تخمیر بخش نامحلول اما قابل تخمیر) و مجموع گاز تولیدی (a+b)، نیز در تمامی کنجاله­های مورد آزمایش، با افزایش دوز عصاره­ پوست انار افزایش یافت. افزودن عصاره پوست انار، تولید اسیدهای چرب فرار در شکمبه را نیز افزایش داد. متناسب با زیادتر شدن سطح عصاره، افزایش تولید اسیدهای چرب فرار نیز بیشتر شد. به عنوان یک نتیجه­ کلی، به نظر می­رسد افزودن عصاره­ متانولی پوست انار به شیرابه شکمبه باعث افزایش تخمیر شکمبه­ای و تولید اسیدهای چرب بیشتر در نشخوارکنندگان می­شود. Manuscript profile -
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333 - تأثیر مکمل تریپتوفان در جیرههای با کمبود پروتئین بر عملکرد، توسعه دستگاه گوارش و پاسخهای ایمنی در جوجههای گوشتی
م. فاطمی م. طغیانیتحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر مکمل کردن تریپتوفان در جیرههای با کمبود پروتئین خام بر عملکرد، توسعه دستگاه گوارش و پاسخهای ایمنی در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. بدین منظور تعداد 420 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه (راس 308) در میان 6 تیمار با 5 تکرار و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی ت Moreتحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر مکمل کردن تریپتوفان در جیرههای با کمبود پروتئین خام بر عملکرد، توسعه دستگاه گوارش و پاسخهای ایمنی در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. بدین منظور تعداد 420 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه (راس 308) در میان 6 تیمار با 5 تکرار و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی توزیع شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارتند از: 1) جیره شاهد (CTL) (جیره بر اساس نیاز توصیه شده کاتالوگ راس 2014 تنظیم شد)، 2) جیره شاهد + 15/0 درصد تریپتوفان، 3) جیره با کاهش سطح پروتئین خام 1 (LCP1) (10 درصد پروتئین کمتر از نیاز توصیه شده راس 2014)، 4) LCP1 + 15/0 درصد تریپتوفان، 5) جیره با کاهش سطح پروتئین خام 2 (LCP2) (20 درصد پروتئین کمتر از نیاز توصیه شده راس 2014) و 6) LCP2 + 15/0 درصد تریپتوفان. وزن بدن، مصرف خوراک روزانه و ضریب تبدیل جوجهها در دورههای مختلف آزمایش مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. اندامهای هضمی در روز 28 و انتهای آزمایش مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. ریختشناسی روده کوچک در روز 28 آزمایش بررسی شد. تست ترس در روز پایانی آزمایش انجام گرفت. جوجههای دریافتکننده جیرههای با کاهش سطح پروتئین خام، وزن بدن و افزایش وزن روزانه پایینتری در انتهای دوره آغازین داشتند (05/0>P). مکمل نمودن تریپتوفان در جیرههای LCP1 کاهش عملکرد رشد آنها را جبران نمود (05/0>P) اما تأثیری پس از افزودن به جیرههای LCP2 نداشت. چربی محوطه شکمی در جوجههای دریافتکننده جیرههای + Trp تمایل به کاهش نشان داد. جوجههای دریافتکننده جیره LCP2 در ژوژنوم و ایلئوم عمق کریپت بیشتر و نسبت طول پرز به عمق کریپت کمتری در مقایسه با گروه شاهد داشتند (05/0>P). تغذیه جوجهها با جیرههای LCP2 وLCP2 + 15/0 درصد تریپتوفان نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت را در جوجههای گوشتی افزایش داد در حالیکه تأثیری بر طول زمان تست ترس نداشت. به طور کلی، مکمل نمودن تریپتوفان در جیرههای LCP1 کاهش رشد جوجههای گوشتی را در مقایسه با جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیرههای کم پروتئین کاهش داد. Manuscript profile -
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334 - مقایسه تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی، ارزش تغذیهای، انرژی قابل متابولیسم و قابلیت هضم ماده آلی برخی از واریتههای نخود
ت. آیسان آی. یولگر ام. کالیبر اس. ارگول اچ. اینسی د. مارت م. طغیانیاین مطالعه برای تعیین ارزش تغذیه­ای واریته­های مختلف نخود با استفاده از تکنیک تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تنوع معنی­داری از نظر ترکیبات شیمیایی، نرخ تولید گاز و انرژی قابل متابولیسم، انرژی خالص شیردهی و ماده آلی قابل هضم بین هشت واریته Moreاین مطالعه برای تعیین ارزش تغذیه­ای واریته­های مختلف نخود با استفاده از تکنیک تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تنوع معنی­داری از نظر ترکیبات شیمیایی، نرخ تولید گاز و انرژی قابل متابولیسم، انرژی خالص شیردهی و ماده آلی قابل هضم بین هشت واریته مختلف نخود وجود دارد. در واریته­های مختلف نخود، محتوای پروتئین از 26/15 تا 52/18 درصد ماده خشک، محتوای چربی خام از 14/4 تا 33/5 درصد ماده خشک، محتوای خاکستر از 69/2 تا 46/3 درصد ماده خشک متغیر بود. فیبر محلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) و فیبر محلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADF) در واریته­های مختلف نخود به ترتیب از 46/12 تا 29/17 درصد ماده خشک و از 80/3 تا 87/4 درصد ماده خشک متغیر بوده است. تولید گاز کُل 24 ساعت واریته­ها از 67/58 تا 66/81 میلی­لیتر در هر 200 میلی­گرم ماده خشک (DM) در نوسان بوده است. محتوای انرژی قابل متابولیسم محاسبه شده (ME) و ماده آلی قابل هضم (DOM) واریته­های نخود به ترتیب در محدوده 25/10 تا 83/13 مگاژول در هر کیلوگرم ماده خشک و 69/68 تا 64/91 درصد متغیر بوده است. در نتیجه، نخود می­تواند با موفقیت در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان به کار گرفته شود. همچنین واریته­های کاگاتای و ازمیر بر مبنای ارزش غذایی­شان، بهتر از سایر واریته­های مطالعه شده بودند. Manuscript profile -
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335 - ارزیابی فرصتهای جدید بالقوه گیاهان دارویی به عنوان محصولات طبیعی بر فراسنجههای تخمیرپذیری شکمبه در شرایط برونتنی
م. مهرآبادی ع. وکیلی م. دانش مسگران ر. ولیزادهبه ­منظور بررسی اثرات افزودن پنج گیاه ­دارویی به تنهایی (HP) یا مخلوطی از آنها (HPM) بر میزان گاز تولیدی و فراسنجه­های تخمیرپذیری شکمبه، دو آزمایش برون­تنی طراحی گردید. در آزمایش اول پنج گیاه دارویی (سیر، اکالیپتوس، دارچین، آویشن و نعناع فلفلی) در سه غلظ Moreبه ­منظور بررسی اثرات افزودن پنج گیاه ­دارویی به تنهایی (HP) یا مخلوطی از آنها (HPM) بر میزان گاز تولیدی و فراسنجه­های تخمیرپذیری شکمبه، دو آزمایش برون­تنی طراحی گردید. در آزمایش اول پنج گیاه دارویی (سیر، اکالیپتوس، دارچین، آویشن و نعناع فلفلی) در سه غلظت متفاوت به جیره افزوده گردید (5، 10 و 15 درصد ماده خشک کنسانتره). در آزمایش دوم مخلوط گیاهان دارویی در غلظت­های 2، 4 و 6 درصد مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمایشات نشان ­داد که استفاده از گیاهان دارویی به تنهایی یا مخلوط، اکثر فراسنجه­های تخمیرپذیری شکمبه را تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهند. افزودن HP و HPM به طور معنی­داری کل گاز تولیدی از بخش قابل تخمیر (b) و نرخ ثابت تولید گاز (c) را افزایش دادند (01/0P<). غلظت آمونیاک (آزمایش اول)، متان (آزمایش اول و دوم)، کل اسیدهای چرب فرار (آزمایش اول و دوم)، استات (آزمایش اول)، پروپیونات (آزمایش اول و دوم) و نسبت استات به پروپیونات (آزمایش اول) تحت تأثیر HP و HPM قرار گرفتند. اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر شکمبه (01/0 P< و 05/0 P<به ترتیب برای زمان­های 16 و 24 ساعت انکوباسیون) و قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD) با افزودن HP در ساعت­های 16 و 24 بالاتر از تیمار کنترل بود. هرچند قابلیت هضم ماده خشک (DMD) و انرژی متابولیسمی (ME) تیمار 6 درصد HPM در ساعت 24 انکوباسیون کمتر از کنترل بود (003/0 P< و 04/0P<). نتایج آزمایشات اثرات مفید HP و HPM در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان به عنوان اصلاح کننده فرایند تخمیر شکمبه را نشان­ داد که می­توانند گوارش­پذیری و استفاده از مواد مغذی را افزایش داده و منجر به بهبود عملکرد حیوان در شرایط درون­تنی شوند. Manuscript profile -
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336 - Ruminant Livestock and Greenhouse‐Gases (A Nutritionist Perspective)
S.B. Abdu O.W. Ehoche A.M. Adamu M.R. Hassan S.M. Yashim H.Y. Adamu M. Kabir -
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337 - ارزیابی نانو و میکروکپسولهای سیلیمارین در شرایط شبیهسازی شده دستگاه گوارش برای رسانش هدفمند در حیوان
س. یوسفدوست ف. صمدی س.م. جعفری س.س. رمضانپور ف. گنجی س. حسنیهدف اصلی این مطالعه، مقایسه سرعت رهایش نانو و میکروکپسول­های حاوی عصاره خارمریم در شرایط شبیه­سازی شده معدی و روده­ای حیوان بود. عصاره با روش امولسیفیکاسیون/ ژله­ای شدن داخل آلژینات سدیم کپسوله گردید. اندازه ذره، توان زتا، شاخص پراکندگی، و مورفولوژی نانو Moreهدف اصلی این مطالعه، مقایسه سرعت رهایش نانو و میکروکپسول­های حاوی عصاره خارمریم در شرایط شبیه­سازی شده معدی و روده­ای حیوان بود. عصاره با روش امولسیفیکاسیون/ ژله­ای شدن داخل آلژینات سدیم کپسوله گردید. اندازه ذره، توان زتا، شاخص پراکندگی، و مورفولوژی نانوکپسول­ها به کمک تفرق نور پویا و میکروسکوپ الکترونی عبوری بررسی شدند. به علاوه، اثر فراصوت بر خواص نانوکپسول و پروفایل رهایش نانو و میکروکپسول­های حاوی عصاره خار مریم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که فراصوت با کاهش اندازه کپسول­ها از 5/657 نانومتر به 1/169 نانومتر منجر به ایجاد ذرات یکنواخت با شاخص پراکندگی پایین گردید. راندمان کپسولاسیون نانوکپسول­ها 61 درصد محاسبه شد. نانو و میکروکپسول­های آلژینات با محافظت از پلی­فنول­ها در شرایط اسیدی معدی به ترتیب منجر به راهایش 10 و 12 درصد شدند. نانوکپسول­ها، در محیط شبیه­سازی شده روده محتویات خود را سریعتر و به میزان بیشتری آزاد کردند. در مجموع، نانوکپسول­های آلژینات حاوی عصاره خارمریم با راهایش بیش از 90 درصد در محیط شبیه­سازی شده روده، با موفقیت تهیه شدند که از این مورد می­توان در اهداف رسانش هدفمند برای مدل­های حیوانی استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
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338 - ارزیابی غلافهای کاهو (Ceratonia siliqua) و اقاقیای عسلی (Gleditsia triacanthos) به عنوان یک خوراک در گوسفند
اس. مدجکال ر. بداس اچ. بوسبوآ اس. لاپزارزش غذایی غلاف­های Ceratonia siliqua و Gledistia triacanthos از جنبه ترکیب شیمیایی، تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی و محصولات نهایی تخمیر شکمبه­ای مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. Medicago sativa به عنوان ماده خوراکی مرجع مورد استفاده واقع شد. نمونه­های مطالعه شده تفاوت­های Moreارزش غذایی غلاف­های Ceratonia siliqua و Gledistia triacanthos از جنبه ترکیب شیمیایی، تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی و محصولات نهایی تخمیر شکمبه­ای مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. Medicago sativa به عنوان ماده خوراکی مرجع مورد استفاده واقع شد. نمونه­های مطالعه شده تفاوت­هایی در ترکیب شیمیایی و ترکیبات فنولی نشان دادند. به طور مشخص محتوای پروتئین خام (CP) در کاهو پایین بوده (80 گرم در هر کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و بالاتر از Medicago sativa و غلاف G. triacanthos بوده (به ترتیب 79/159 و 56/121 گرم در هر کیلوگرم ماده خشک) است. وارد کردن پلی­اتیلن گلیکول (PEG) در محیط کشت منجر به افزایش معنی­دار (05/0>P) تولید گاز در Ceratonia siliqua و Gledistia triacanthos گردیده ولی تأثیری بر M. sativa مشاهده نگردید. بالاترین مقدار تولید گاز در C. siliqua و G. triacanthos مشاهده گردید ولی مقدار مزبور در Medicago sativa به صورت معنی­داری پایین بود. بیشترین تولید گاز در Ceratonia siliqua و Gledistia triacanthos (به ترتیب 80/96 و 55/289 میلی­لیتر گاز به ازای هر گرم ماده خشک) مشاهده شده ولی Medicago sativa پایین­ترین مقدار را نشان داد (64/243 میلی­لیتر گاز به ازای هر گرم ماده خشک). از نظر غلظت استات، دو گروه متفاوت دیده شد: Medicago sativa و Gledistia triacanthos (به ترتیب 58/86 و 32/66 درصد) در یک گروه قرار گرفته ولی تخمیر Ceratonia siliqua منجر به تولید غلظت پایین­تر استات (84/59 درصد) گردید. علی­رغم وجود تفاوت­های قابل توجه بین سه نمونه مطالعه شده، غلاف­های Ceratonia siliqua و Gledistia triacanthos کیفیت تغذیه­ای بهتری نشان دادند. این موضوع حاکی از آن است که این دو را می­توان به عنوان منابع خوراک برای گوسفندها در طی فصول خشکسالی یا به عنوان مکمل جیره­های با کیفیت پایین استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile -
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339 - استفاده از روش برونتنی تولید گازشکمبهای برای ارزیابی ارزش غذایی پنج نسبت علوفه به کنسانتره
س. اربابی ت. قورچی س. رمضانپوراین پژوهش به منظور بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی و تخمیر برونتنی پنج جیره با نسبت­های مختلف علوفه (یونجه) به کنسانتره (باقلا)، علوفه(صفر): کنسانتره (100)، علوفه 25): کنسانتره (75)، علوفه (50): کنسانتره (50)، علوفه (75): کنسانتره (25)، علوفه (100): کنسانتره (صفر) براساس ماد Moreاین پژوهش به منظور بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی و تخمیر برونتنی پنج جیره با نسبت­های مختلف علوفه (یونجه) به کنسانتره (باقلا)، علوفه(صفر): کنسانتره (100)، علوفه 25): کنسانتره (75)، علوفه (50): کنسانتره (50)، علوفه (75): کنسانتره (25)، علوفه (100): کنسانتره (صفر) براساس ماده ­خشک انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که ترکیبات شیمیایی مانند ماده­ آلی، چربی ­خام، پروتئین­ خام، دیواره­ سلولی، دیواره ­سلولی فاقد همی­سلولز، پروتئین نامحلول در شوینده خنثی، پروتئین نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی، فنل کل، تانن و تانن متراکم در پنج جیره متفاوت بودند (05/0>P). پس از اولین انکوباسیون جیره­های آزمایشی به مدت 96 ساعت، نیمه عمر تولید گاز محاسبه و دومین و سومین انکوباسیون در زمان t1/4 و 24 ساعت متوقف گردید. قابلیت هضم حقیقی برون­تنی ماده­ خشک و قابلیت هضم حقیقی ماده­ آلی با افزایش نسبت کنسانتره افزایش یافت (01/0>P). پروتین میکروبی (گرم/کیلوگرم ماده­ خشک) و انرژی قابل متابولیسم (مگاژول/کیلوگرم ماده­ خشک) در جیرههایی که با تجزیه­پذیری بالاتر، بیشتر بود. راندمان تولید پروتئین میکروبی (PF) (میلیگرم/میلیلیتر) در جیره­های آزمایشی مختلف در هر زمان t1/4 و 24 ساعت تفاوت معنی­داری نداشت و تنها جیره حاوی 100 درصد علوفه در زمان t1/4 دارای PF پا­یینتری (17/1 میلی­گرم در میلی­لیتر) بود. تولید گاز از بخش دارای پتانسیل تخمیر(B) و نرخ تولید گاز (c) در جیره­های دارای مواد متراکم بیشتر، به طور معنی­داری بالاتر بود (01/0>P). افزایش نسبت کنسانتره جیره منجر به کاهش pH و نیتروژن آمونیاکی مایع شکمبه شد و غلظت اسیدهای چرب را متأثر ساخت (01/0>P). میزان رهایش گاز متان در جیرههای آزمایشی از 13 تا 16/17 گرم/کیلوگرم ماده خشک متغیر بود و بیشترین مقدار مربوط به جیره حاوی 100 درصد علوفه بود. Manuscript profile -
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340 - تعیین ارزش غذایی کمپوست و ساقه قارچ سفید دکمه ای با استفاده از روش های آزمایشگاهی
ب. بزیون ا. تقی زاده پایا پایا ع. حسین خانیتحقیق حاضر جهت تعیین ترکیبات شیمیایی، انرژی قابل متابولیسم و انرژی خالص شیردهی با استفاده از روش تولید گاز و ناپدید شدن شکمبه ‏ای ماده خشک با روش آزمایشگاهی برای کمپوست و ساقه قارچ سفید دکمه‏ ای انجام شد. تحقیق حاضر در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با سه تیمار ساقه ق Moreتحقیق حاضر جهت تعیین ترکیبات شیمیایی، انرژی قابل متابولیسم و انرژی خالص شیردهی با استفاده از روش تولید گاز و ناپدید شدن شکمبه ‏ای ماده خشک با روش آزمایشگاهی برای کمپوست و ساقه قارچ سفید دکمه‏ ای انجام شد. تحقیق حاضر در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با سه تیمار ساقه قارچ، کمپوست قارچ و علوفه یونجه انجام شد. داده‏ های به ­دست آمده توسط نرم ­افزار آماری SAS آنالیز گردید. ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، خاکستر خام، عصاره اتری، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی برای ساقه قارچ، کمپوست و یونجه به ‏ترتیب 10.3، 16.8، 8.6، 3.48، 31.5 و 13.4؛ 42.4، 12.8، 42.41، 3.14، 21.5 و 16.2؛ 96.4، 12.2، 9، 2.2، 36.3 و 32.3 بود. بیشترین و کمترین تولید گاز بعد از 120 ساعت انکوباسیون به ترتیب برای ساقه قارچ و کمپوست بود. پتانسیل تولید گاز برای ساقه قارچ، یونجه و کمپوست به ترتیب 223.01، 200.00 و 114.53 میلی‏لیتر گاز به ازای هر گرم ماده خشک بود. نرخ تولید گاز برای ساقه قارچ، کمپوست و یونجه به ترتیب 07/0، 03/0 و 08/0 در ساعت بود. بیشترین میزان انرژی قابل متابولیسم و انرژی خالص شیردهی برای ساقه قارچ به ترتیب با 8.01 و 4.82 مگاژول در کیلوگرم ماده خشک بود. بیشترین و کمترین میزان ناپدیدشدن شکمبه ماده خشک به ‏ترتیب برای ساقه قارچ و کمپوست بود. در کل نتایج بیانگر بالا بودن ارزش غذایی ساقه قارچ نسبت به سایر مواد خوراکی مورد آزمایش بود که می ‏تواند در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان مورد استفاده قرار­گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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341 - Gasconne Beef Breed, an Explorative Study of Trans‐Border Differences in Management and Commercialization
A. Guerrero C. Sanudo J.A. Mateas S. Caillaud W.S. Sepulveda J. Toustou J.P. Gajan P. Santolaria -
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342 - The Effect of Trace Mineral Source on Nutrients Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters
A. Abdian Samarin M.A. Norouzian A. Afzalzadeh -
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343 - مطالعه مقایسهای قابلیت هضم کاه گندم توسط قارچهای بی هوازی شکمبه گاومیش خوزستان و گاو هلشتاین در شرایط آزمایشگاهی
ف. شاکرمی م. چاجی م. اسلامی ط. محمد آبادی م. بوجارپوراین مطالعه به منظور مقایسه قابلیت هضم کاه گندم توسط قارچها و کل میکروارگانیسم‏های شکمبه (WRM) گاو و گاومیش انجام شد. قابلیت هضم ماده خشک (DMD)، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (DNDF) و اسیدی (ADFD) توسط WRM و قارچهای شکمبه گاو و گاومیش به روش هضم آزمایشگاهی، تولید گا Moreاین مطالعه به منظور مقایسه قابلیت هضم کاه گندم توسط قارچها و کل میکروارگانیسم‏های شکمبه (WRM) گاو و گاومیش انجام شد. قابلیت هضم ماده خشک (DMD)، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (DNDF) و اسیدی (ADFD) توسط WRM و قارچهای شکمبه گاو و گاومیش به روش هضم آزمایشگاهی، تولید گاز و کشت اختصاصی قارچهای شکمبه (SRAFC) مقایسه شد. DMD، NDFDو ADFD کاه توسط WRM گاومیش (به ترتیب 80/60، 93/49 و 45/17 درصد) بیشتر از گاو (به ترتیب 00/53، 63/38 و 62/10 درصد) بود (05/0P<). صرف نظر از نوع میکروارگانیسمها DMD (05/0P>)، NDF و ADF توسط گاومیش (03/51، 41/44 و 09/12 درصد) بیشتر از گاو (40/48، 34/36 و 76/8) بود (05/0P<). پتانسیل تولید گاز (B) کاه توسط قارچها و WRM گاو بیشتر از گاومیش بود (05/0P<). نرخ تولید گاز (C) توسط WRM و قارچهای شکمبه گاومیش بیشتر از گاو بود (05/0P<). صرف نظر از نوع میکروارگانیسم، C کاه در گاومیش بیشتر از گاو بود (05/0P<)، و بلعکس برای B بود (05/0P<). صرف نظر از نوع دام، قابلیت هضم و B برای WRM بیشتر از قارچها بود (05/0P<)، اما برای نرخ تولید گاز بین آنها تفاوتی وجود نداشت. در روش SRAFC، DMD کاه در گاومیش در روزهای 3 و 12 بیشتر از گاو بود (05/0P<). تعداد قارچها در شکمبه گاو بیشتر از گاومیش بود (05/0P<). در کل، میتوان بیان نمود که توان قارچها و WRM گاومیش بیشتر یا برابر با گاو بود. بنابراین، نتایج برتری گاومیش نسبت به گاو هلشتاین در استفاده از مواد فیبری کم کیفیت را نشان داد. Manuscript profile -
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344 - بررسی جایگزینی یونجه با علوفه شنبلیله در جیرههای غنی از کنسانتره در آزمایشگاه
ف. فریور ن.م. تربتی نژاد ی. جعفری آهنگری س. حسنی آ.م. قره باش م. مهاجراین تحقیق به منظور بررسی امکان جایگزینی علوفه یونجه با علوفه شنبلیله برای نشخوارکنندگان، با استفاده از فراسنجههای تولید گاز و برخی خصوصیات تخمیر شکمبهای در آزمایشگاه انجام گرفت. به این منظور، 5 جیره کاملاً مخلوط متفاوت برای تأمین احتیاجات برههای در حال رشد 35 کیلوگرم Moreاین تحقیق به منظور بررسی امکان جایگزینی علوفه یونجه با علوفه شنبلیله برای نشخوارکنندگان، با استفاده از فراسنجههای تولید گاز و برخی خصوصیات تخمیر شکمبهای در آزمایشگاه انجام گرفت. به این منظور، 5 جیره کاملاً مخلوط متفاوت برای تأمین احتیاجات برههای در حال رشد 35 کیلوگرمی با جایگزینی تدریجی یونجه در جیره تیمار شاهد (تیمار1) با نسبتهای مختلف علوفه شنبلیله (25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد، به ترتیب تیمارها ی 2، 3، 4 و 5) فرموله گردید. تولید گاز (میلیلیتر به ازای 200 میلیگرم ماده خشک) در ساعات 2، 4، 6، 8، 12، 24، 48، 72 و 96 انکوباسیون اندازهگیری شد. غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی (میلیگرم بر دسیلیتر) و pH مایع شکمبه بلافاصله پس از پایان انکوباسیون اندازهگیری شد. تولید گاز با افزایش سطوح علوفه شنبلیله افزایش یافت (05/0P<). با افزایش سطوح علوفه شنبلیله، افزایش معنیداری در تولید گاز از بخش نامحلول (b) مشاهده گردید (05/0P<). روند مشابهی در مورد پتانسیل تولید گاز (a+b، 05/0P<) مشاهده شد. همچنین ثابت نرخ تولید گاز (c) تیمارهای 2، 3 و 4 به طور معنیداری بالاتر از تیمار شاهد بود، ولی تفاوت بین تیمارهای 3 و 4 و 5 معنیدار نبود. جایگزینی علوفه شنبلیله در سطوح 25 و 75 درصد به طور معنیداری pH نهایی را در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد افزایش داد (05/0P<)، اما تفاوت بین تمیارهای 3 و 5 با تیمار شاهد معنیدار نبود. تولید اسیدهای چرب فرار (میلیمول به ازای 200 میلیگرم ماده خشک) در تیمارهای با سطوح 50 درصد یا بالاتر جایگزینی علوفه شنبلیله (تیمارهای 3 و 4 و 5) بطور معنیداری بالاتر از سایر تیمارها بود (05/0P<). قابلیت هضم ماده آلی تیمارهای با سطح جایگزینی 50 درصد یا بیشتر علوفه شنبلیله نیز بطور معنیداری بالاتر از سایر تیمارها بود (05/0P<). به طور مشابه، انرژی متابولیسمی تخمینی این تیمارها نیز بطور معنیداری بالاتر از تیمار شاهد بود (05/0P<). بر اساس این نتایج، میتوان استنباط کرد که شنبلیله قابلیت تولید علوفهای با ارزش برای نشخوارکنندگان را با ارزش غذایی قابل مقایسه با یونجه دارا است و میتوان در جیره یونجه را بدون هیچ مشکلی با علوفه شنبلیله جایگزین کرد. Manuscript profile -
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345 - اثرات آنزیمهای بیرونی تجزیهکننده الیاف روی تخمیر شکمبهای علوفه ذرت جارویی وحشی در محیط آزمایشگاه
اس. سوجانی آ.ن. پاتهیرانا ر.ت. سرسینهه ک.ب. داسانایاکااین مطالعه برای ارزیابی توانایی آنزیم­های تجاری سلولاز، زایلاناز و مخلوط آنها برای بهبود تخمیر شکمبه­ای علوفه ذرت جاروییاکوتیپ A انجام شد. آزمایش بر اساس طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی انجام شد. انکوباسیون داخل آزمایشگاهی با چهار دوز 50، 100، 150 و 200 میکرولیتر ا Moreاین مطالعه برای ارزیابی توانایی آنزیم­های تجاری سلولاز، زایلاناز و مخلوط آنها برای بهبود تخمیر شکمبه­ای علوفه ذرت جاروییاکوتیپ A انجام شد. آزمایش بر اساس طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی انجام شد. انکوباسیون داخل آزمایشگاهی با چهار دوز 50، 100، 150 و 200 میکرولیتر از آنزیم­های فردی سلولاز و زایلاناز و مخلوط آنها (با نسبت 1 به 1) با 500 میلی­گرم سوبسترا انجام شد. تولید گازهای شکمبه­ای در فواصل چهار ساعت تعیین شدند. در پایان 24 ساعت انکوباسییون، ناپدید شدن ماده خشک، ازت آمونیاکی، جمعیت پروتوزوایی و اسیدهای چرب فرار تخمین زده شدند. مکمل کردن با سلولاز، زایلاناز و مخلوطی از آنها به­ طور معنی­داری تولید گاز و ناپدید شدن ماده خشک را افزایش داد. تولید ازت آمونیاکی به طور معنی­داری با زایلاناز و مخلوط آنها افزایش یافت. اگرچه مجموع اسیدهای چرب فرار تغییر معنی­داری نشان نداد، تولید استات به­ طور معنی­داری توسط مخلوط آنزیم سلولاز و زایلاناز کاهش یافت در حالیکه همین تیمار تولید بوتیرات را افزایش داد. تیمار سلولاز و زایلاناز منجر به کاهش معنی­دار در نسبت استات به پروپیونات شد. کاهش غیر معنی­داری در جمعیت پروتوزوایی شکمبه در پاسخ به تیمار آنزیمی مشاهده شد. در نتیجه، مکمل آنزیم­های بیرونی تجزیه­کننده الیاف در محیط آزمایشگاه توانست تخمیر شکمبه­ای علوفه ذرت جارویی اکوتیپA را بهبود دهد. Manuscript profile -
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346 - توسعه روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی تغییر یافته به جای روش کیسههای نایلونی برای ارزیابی تجزیهپذیری پروتئین یونجه خشک در نشخوارکنندگان
ا. آقاجانزاده گلشنی ن. ماهری سیس ر. سلامت دوست نوبر ی. ابراهیم نژاد ا. قربانیاین مطالعه به منظور بررسی امکان استفاده از روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی تغییر یافته به جای روش کیسههای نایلونی برای برآورد تجزیهپذیری پروتئین یونجه خشک در نشخوارکنندگان به اجرا در آمد. در آزمایش کیسههای نایلونی مقدار سه گرم از نمونه یونجه داخل کیسههای داکرونی ریخته شد Moreاین مطالعه به منظور بررسی امکان استفاده از روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی تغییر یافته به جای روش کیسههای نایلونی برای برآورد تجزیهپذیری پروتئین یونجه خشک در نشخوارکنندگان به اجرا در آمد. در آزمایش کیسههای نایلونی مقدار سه گرم از نمونه یونجه داخل کیسههای داکرونی ریخته شد. کیسهها به مدت صفر، 2، 4، 8، 12، 16، 24، 36 و 48 ساعت در شکمبه سه رأس گوسفند نر قزل کانولهدار انکوبه شدند. در پایان آزمایش تجزیهپذیری ماده خشک، ماده آلی و پروتئین محاسبه شدند. در آزمایش تولید گاز، شیرابه شکمبه بافری شده به نسبت 19 قسمت بزاق مصنوعی و یک قسمت شیرابه شکمبه تهیه و با کربوهیدرات سریع قابل تخمیر به مدت 4 ساعت پیش انکوبه شد. بعد از پیش انکوباسیون مقدار 30 میلیلیتر از این محلول داخل سرنگ 100 میلیلیتری که درون آن مقداری نمونه یونجه که دارای 5/7 میلیگرم نیتروژن بود، ریخته شد. نمونهها در زمانهای 2، 4، 6، 8، 12، 16، 24، 36، 48، 60 و 72 ساعت انکوبه شدند و بعد از آن گاز خالص تولیدی محاسبه شد. در سومین آزمایش 25 گرم از نمونه مدفوع با 50 میلیلیتر بزاق مصنوعی مخلوط شده و با اضافه کردن بزاق مصنوعی، حجم آن به یک لیتر رسانده شده و صاف گردید. سپس این سوسپانسیون به مدت 4 ساعت پیش انکوبه شد. پس از پیش انکوباسیون مراحل تولید گاز همانند روش معمول انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که اختلاف معنی داری بین تولید گاز با شیرابه شکمبه و مدفوع در زمانهای 2، 4، 24، 36 و 48 ساعت انکوباسیون وجود داشت در حالیکه در بقیه ساعتهای انکوباسیون اختلاف معنی داری وجود نداشت. رابطه نزدیکی بین تجزیه­پذیری پروتئین خام در ساعتهای مختلف انکوباسیون و مقدار گاز تولیدی با استفاده از شیرابه شکمبه (18= n و 76/0= r2وگاز 32/0+93/58=تجزیهپذیری پروتئین خام) و سوسپانسیون مدفوع (18= n و 60/0= r2وگاز 27/0+38/58=تجزیهپذیری پروتئین خام) وجود داشت. نتایج نشان داد که سوسپانسیون مدفوع میتواند به جای شیرابه شکمبه در روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی استفاده شود. توسعه این روش تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی میتواند باعث کاهش نیاز به دامهای فیستولهگذاری شده در آزمایشهای ارزیابی مواد خوراکی شود. Manuscript profile -
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347 - بخش بندی پروتئین خام و تولید گاز در سیلاژهای یونجه عملآوری شده با عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته در شرایط آزمایشگاه
ا. مختارپور ع.ع. ناصریان ر. ولیزاده م. دانش مسگران ف. پورملاییبه منظور بررسی بخش­های مختلف پروتئین خام و تولید گاز در شرایط آزمایشگاه در سیلاژهای یونجه عملآوری شده با سطوح مختلف عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته و ارزیابی ارزش زیستی تانن­های آن، دو آزمایش انجام شد. محصولات فرعی پسته با نسبت 1:5 (وزن به حجم) به مدت 12 ساعت در آب خیس Moreبه منظور بررسی بخش­های مختلف پروتئین خام و تولید گاز در شرایط آزمایشگاه در سیلاژهای یونجه عملآوری شده با سطوح مختلف عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته و ارزیابی ارزش زیستی تانن­های آن، دو آزمایش انجام شد. محصولات فرعی پسته با نسبت 1:5 (وزن به حجم) به مدت 12 ساعت در آب خیسانده شدند. پس از صاف کردن و تغلیظ، عصاره خام به علوفه تازه یونجه اضافه شد تا به ترتیب سطوح 1، 2 و 3 درصد ماده خشک یونجه، تانن به دست آید و سپس به مدت 60 روز سیلو شدند. چهار تیمار به این ترتیب بود؛ سیلاژ یونجه بدون عملآوری با عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته، به عنوان شاهد (T0)، اضافه کردن تانن محصولات فرعی پسته در سطح 1 درصد (T1)، 2 درصد (T2) و 3 درصد ماد خشک (T3). عملآوری سیلاژ یونجه، میزان ترکیبات نیتروژنه غیر پروتئینی را کاهش و بخش B2 را در طی سیلو شدن، افزایش داد. تولید گاز تجمعی پس از 96 ساعت انکوباسیون، قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD) و انرژی قابل متابولیسم (ME) در تیمار T2 و T3 در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد کاهش پیدا کرد. میزان تولید گاز و اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر (SCFA) در سیلاژهای عملآوری شده در حضور پلی اتیلن گلیکول (PEG) افزایش یافت که نشان می­دهد وجود ترکیبات فنولی و تانن­ها باعث کاهش تولید گاز شد. می­توان نتیجه گرفت که عملآوری سیلاژ یونجه با عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته از طریق ممانعت میکروبی، می­تواند منجر به کاهش هدرروی نیتروژن در طی سیلو شدن و کاهش تجزیه پذیری ماده آلی شود. Manuscript profile -
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348 - مقایسه مدلهای چندبخشی لجستیک و میکائیلیس-منتن برای بررسی تولید گاز در شرایط برونتنی از برخی خوراکهای نشاستهای
ا. پرند ع.ر. وکیلی م. دانش مسگراندر این پژوهش از دو مدل چندبخشی (لجستیک (LOG) و میکائیلیس–منتن (MM)) دارای سه زیر بخش به منظور بررسی کینتیک تولید گاز در خوراکهای دانه ذرت، دانه جو، دانه گندم و دانه تریتیکاله استفاده شد. در هر مدل زیربخش اول بیان کننده تولید گاز ناشی از تخمیر بخش محلول خوراکها Moreدر این پژوهش از دو مدل چندبخشی (لجستیک (LOG) و میکائیلیس–منتن (MM)) دارای سه زیر بخش به منظور بررسی کینتیک تولید گاز در خوراکهای دانه ذرت، دانه جو، دانه گندم و دانه تریتیکاله استفاده شد. در هر مدل زیربخش اول بیان کننده تولید گاز ناشی از تخمیر بخش محلول خوراکها، زیربخش دوم توضیح دهنده گاز حاصل از تخمیر بخش نامحلول خوراکها و زیربخش سوم نشان دهنده تولید گاز حاصل از ترن آور میکروبی است. با استفاده از مدل MM میزان تولید گاز از بخش محلول به ترتیب از بیشترین به کمترین برای دانههای تریتیکاله، گندم، ذرت و جو به دست آمد. با استفاده از مدل LOG در گاز حاصل از تخمیر بخش محلول تفاوتی بین دانههای جو و ذرت (05/0P>) و دانههای تریتیکاله و گندم (05/0P>) وجود نداشت اما تولید گاز حاصل از این بخش برای دانههای تریتیکاله و گندم بالاتر از دانههای جو و ذرت بود (05/0P<). برای تولید گاز ناشی از تخمیر بخش نامحلول دانه ذرت با استفاده از مدل MM بیشترین بود و تولید گاز ناشی از تخمیر بخش نامحلول برای دانههای ذرت و جو با استفاده از مدل LOG بیشتر از دانههای تریتیکاله و گندم بود (05/0P<). با استفاده از مدل MM، تولید گاز ناشی از ترن آور میکروبی برای دانه جو بیشترین بود در حالیکه تولید گاز در زیربخش سوم برای دانههای تریتیکاله و گندم با استفاده از مدل LOG بیشترین بود. در پژوهش حاضر نیکویی برازش برای مدل LOG کمی بهتر از مدل MM بود اما با در نظر گرفتن شرایط مطالعه حاضر این مطلب نمیتواند به طور قطع بیانگر توانایی بهتر مدل LOG در توضیح کینتیک تولید گاز از منابع نشاستهای در مقایسه با مدل MM باشد. Manuscript profile -
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349 - ارزش غذایی، ساختارهای مولکولی FTIR، غلضت سموم قارچی و عناصر سنگین انگور رقم بیدانه سفید در سه مرحله قوره، رسیده و کشمش در نشخوارکنندگان
م. یاری م. منافی م. هدایتی ر. کریمی ر. ولیزاده آ. جنکرانگور و محصولات بدست آمده از آن به خاطر مصرف در تغذیه انسان، اهمیت فراوانی در دنیا دارند. با این وجود، این محصولات ممکن است گاهی اوقات به دلیل قیمت و کیفیت پایین در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان استفاده شود. اهداف این پژوهش تعیین ارزش غذایی انگور رقم بیدانه سفید در سه مرحله غوره Moreانگور و محصولات بدست آمده از آن به خاطر مصرف در تغذیه انسان، اهمیت فراوانی در دنیا دارند. با این وجود، این محصولات ممکن است گاهی اوقات به دلیل قیمت و کیفیت پایین در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان استفاده شود. اهداف این پژوهش تعیین ارزش غذایی انگور رقم بیدانه سفید در سه مرحله غوره (خوشه کامل)، رسیده (خوشه کامل)، و کشمش برای نشخوارکنندگان به صورت اندازهگیری ترکیب شیمیایی و ویژگیهای تخمیرپذیری به روش تولید گاز در محیط آزمایشگاهی، بررسی ساختار مولکولی با استفاده از روش FTIR (اسپکتروسکوپی مادون قرمز با تبدیل فوریه) و آلودگیهای عناصر سنگین و سموم قارچی بود. در مقایسه با انگور رسیده و کشمش، غوره نسب نیتروژن به کربوهیدارت، فنول و تانن کل بیشتری داشت (05/0>P) و بیشترین ناحیه پیک مربوط به ترکیبات فنولی و کربوهیدارتهای ساختاری در بررسی FTIR مربوط به میوه غوره بود (05/0>P). کشمش تولید گاز تجمعی بیشتری در 24 ساعت از انکوباسیون داشت (05/0>P). مقادیر آفلاتوکسین B1، B2، G1 و G2 و آکراتوکسین A در میوه غوره و رسیده ناچیز بود در صورتیکه مقادیر کمی در کشمش مشاهده شد (05/0>P). غلظت سرب در میوه غوره و کشمش کمتر از میوه رسیده بود (05/0>P). در نتیجه، ترکیبات فنولی و تاننها، غلظت سموم قارچی و عناصر سنگین در میوه غوره و رسیده و کشمش انگور بیدانه سفید کمتر از سطوح سمی برای تغذیه در نشخوارکنندگان بود و الگو و قابلیت دسترسی مواد مغذی این محصولات، آنها را به عنوان ماده خوراکی مناسب در جیره نشخوارکنندگان ممکن میسازد. Manuscript profile -
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350 - سلول سوختی میکروبی: روش جدید برای تعیین ارزش غذایی پنبه دانه کامل مورد استفاده در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان
م. بشارتی ا. تقی زادههدف از این مطالعه، تعیین همبستگی بین تکنیک تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی و سلول­های سوختی میکروبی و معرفی روش جدید برای ارزیابی خوراک مورد استفاده در جیره­های نشخوارکنندگان است. تیمارهای مورد آزمایش: 1) جیره کنترل (بدون پنبه دانه، مننسین و ویتامین E، (CD)؛ 2) جیره حاوی 2 Moreهدف از این مطالعه، تعیین همبستگی بین تکنیک تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی و سلول­های سوختی میکروبی و معرفی روش جدید برای ارزیابی خوراک مورد استفاده در جیره­های نشخوارکنندگان است. تیمارهای مورد آزمایش: 1) جیره کنترل (بدون پنبه دانه، مننسین و ویتامین E، (CD)؛ 2) جیره حاوی 20 درصد پنبه دانه کامل (CSD)؛ 3) تیمار حاوی 20 درصد پنبه دانه کامل به همراه 12000 واحد ویتامین E به ازای هر گاو در روز (CSDE) و 4) تیمار حاوی 20 درصد دانه پنبه کامل به همراه 24 ppm مننسین در کیلوگرم DMI برای هر گاو در روز (CSDM). برای آزمایش سلول­های سوختی میکروبی، پیکربندی خانگی MFC شامل دو سیلندر از نوعPlexiglass بود. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که تیمار حاوی ویتامین E تولید گاز بیشتری نسبت به سایر تیمارها داشت. تولید گاز در تیمار حاوی موننسین کمتر از سایر تیمارها بود. تیمار با ویتامین E دارای مقادیر ولتاژ، جریان و قدرت بیشتری در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها بود. داده­های به دست آمده نشان داد که اضافه کردن موننسین در مقایسه با تیمار CSD باعث بهبود عملکرد سلول­های میکروبی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که بین مقادیر تولید گاز و عملکرد سلول­های سوختی میکروبی همبستگی بالایی وجود دارد. Manuscript profile -
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351 - In vitro and in situ Ruminal Degradability of Oak Leaves (Quercus persica) as Affected by Growth Stage during Spring Season and Polyethylene Glycol Application
N. Rahimi F. Fatahnia M. Yousef Elahi R. Tabaraki G. Taasoli F. Ahmadi J.W. Cone -
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352 - The Comparison of Chemo Signal Compositions in Body Fluids of Holstein Cows from Different Estrus Periods
Ö. Anitaş S. Göncü -
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353 - تأثیر عصاره رزماری (Rosmarinus officinalis) بر عملکرد، توانایی آنتیاکسیدانی و فراسنجههای گازهای خونی جوجههای گوشتی تحت تیمار نیترات سدیم در آب آشامیدنی
ع.ر. اخواست م. دانشیاردویست و بیست جوجه گوشتی در 5 گروه برای بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف 0، 5/1، 3 و 6 میلیلیتر عصاره رزماری همراه با نیترات سدیم (4/27 میلیگرم در لیتر آب آشامیدنی) در مقایسه با آب شاهد (فاقد هیچ افزودنی) بر عملکرد و پتانسیل آنتیاکسیدانی جوجههای گوشتی استفاده شد. افزایش وزن بد Moreدویست و بیست جوجه گوشتی در 5 گروه برای بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف 0، 5/1، 3 و 6 میلیلیتر عصاره رزماری همراه با نیترات سدیم (4/27 میلیگرم در لیتر آب آشامیدنی) در مقایسه با آب شاهد (فاقد هیچ افزودنی) بر عملکرد و پتانسیل آنتیاکسیدانی جوجههای گوشتی استفاده شد. افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل خوراک در طول دوره پایانی به طور منفی تحت تأثیر نیترات قرار گرفت که با سطوح مختلف عصاره رزماری به حالت عادی برگشت. هر دوی اسید اوریک و ظرفیت کل آنتیاکسیدانی توسط نیترات کاهش یافت در حالیکه با مصرف 3 میلیلیتر عصاره رزماری به سطح شاهد رسید. نیترات فشار جزئی اکسیژن را کاهش داد و سطوح 3 و 6 میلیلیتر در لیتر عصاره رزماری فشار جزئی اکسیژن را به سطح کنترل رساند. فشار جزئی دیاکسید کربن خون سیاهرگی بر خلاف فشار جزئی اکسیژن تحت تأثیر نیترات و عصاره رزماری قرار گرفت. به طور کلی، مصرف عصاره رزماری در آب آشامیدنی میتواند توانایی آنتیاکسیدانی و عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی تحت تیمار نیترات سدیم را بهبود دهد Manuscript profile -
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354 - ترکیب شیمیایی، پروفیل اسیدهای چرب و ارزش زیستی تانن در هستههای خرمای منتخب در ایران
آ. رضایینیا ع.ع. ناصریان ا. مختارپوراین مطالعه به منظور بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب هسته­های شش واریته غالب خرما پرورش یافته در ایران شامل برهی، استعمران، مضافتی، خاصی، خرک و زاهدی و اثرات زیستی تانن آنها به صورت تولید گاز در شرایط برون تنی انجام گرفت. قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD)، انرژی قا Moreاین مطالعه به منظور بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب هسته­های شش واریته غالب خرما پرورش یافته در ایران شامل برهی، استعمران، مضافتی، خاصی، خرک و زاهدی و اثرات زیستی تانن آنها به صورت تولید گاز در شرایط برون تنی انجام گرفت. قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD)، انرژی قابل متابولیسم (ME) و غلظت اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر (SCFA) پس از 24 ساعت کشت با و بدون استفاده از پلی اتیلن گلیکول (PEG) تخمین زده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تمام واریته­های هسته خرما حاوی مقادیر بالای فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF)، عصاره اتری و کل ترکیبات فنولی بودند که دامنه تغییر آنها به ترتیب برابر با 689 تا 782، 82 تا 118 و 41 تا 110 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک بود. ولی، دارای سطوح پایین پروتئین خام (50 تا 69 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و خاکستر (10 تا 26 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) بودند. کروماتوگرافی گازی نشان داد که اسید چرب غیر اشباع اصلی اسید اولئیک (13/40 تا 35/46 گرم در 100 گرم اسید چرب) بود، درحالی که اسید چرب اشباع اصلی اسید لوریک (96/20 تا 25/26 گرم در 100 گرم اسید چرب) بود. بجز استعمران، همه واریته­ها دارای OMD (کمتر از 334 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و ME (کمتر از 1/4 مگاژول در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) پایین بودند. استفاده از PEG حجم گاز تولیدی، OMD، ME و SCFA را افزایش داد (05/0P<) که نشان دهنده اثر ممانعت کنندگی تانن­های هسته خرما بر تخمیر میکروبی است. کل تانن با ارزش تغذیه­ای (OMD و ME) هسته­های خرما همبستگی منفی داشت. می­توان نتیجه­گیری کرد که با وجود قابلیت هضم و انرژی قابل متابولیسم پایین، هسته خرما بدلیل وجود مقادیر زیاد کربوهیدرات­ ساختمانی و عصاره اتری ممکن است به عنوان منبع دیگری از خوراک تلقی گردد. Manuscript profile -
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355 - مدل ریاضی هاضم بیهوازی برای پیش بینی نرخ تولید متان از فضولات گاو
م. کمالی نسب ع. وکیلی م. دانش مسگران ر. ولی زاده س.ر. نبویهاضم بی­هوازی ضایعات زیستی یکی از رایج­ترین راه­ها برای تولید بایوگاز غنی از متان می­باشد، که پتانسیل قابل­توجهی برای جایگزین شدن با سوخت­های فسیلی دارد که در کاربردهای متعددی از قبیل حمل و نقل، موتورهای احتراق داخلی، سیستم­های تولید همزمان ب Moreهاضم بی­هوازی ضایعات زیستی یکی از رایج­ترین راه­ها برای تولید بایوگاز غنی از متان می­باشد، که پتانسیل قابل­توجهی برای جایگزین شدن با سوخت­های فسیلی دارد که در کاربردهای متعددی از قبیل حمل و نقل، موتورهای احتراق داخلی، سیستم­های تولید همزمان برق و حرارت و بسیاری از سیستم­های دیگر، استفاده می­شوند. شرکت­های بسیاری در طراحی و ساخت سیستم­های بی­هوازی به فعالیت پرداخته­اند. روش­های تجربی برای بهبود امکانات هاضم بی­هوازی استفاده شده است، اما این امر نیازمند مطالعات زمانبر و ساخت سیستم­های نمونه گران قیمت می­باشد. از طرف دیگر، طراحی و بهینه­سازی فرآیندهای هضم بی­هوازی برای تولید بایوگاز می­تواند از طریق مدل­های ریاضی اعتبار سنجی شده توسعه یابد. در این مقاله یک مدل ریاضی پویا برای یک راکتور بی­هوازی که با کود گاو شیری تغذیه می­شود توسعه داده شده است. مدل بر مبنای توازن مواد بوده، و شامل چهار متغیر حالت به نام­های جامدات فرار زیست تخریب پذیر، میکروب­های تولید­کننده اسید، میکروب­های تولیدکننده متان و اسیدهای چرب فرار می­باشند. مدل مقدار گاز متان تولید شده در راکتور را پیش­بینی می­کند. در پایان این مطالعه یک تحلیل حساسیت انجام شده است تا نشان دهد که چگونه مقدار گاز تولید شده، حداکثر سرعت واکنش میکروب­های تولید­کننده اسید، حداکثر سرعت واکنش میکروب­های تولید­کننده متان، سرعت واکنش میکروب­های تولید­کننده اسید و سرعت واکنش میکروب­های تولید­کننده متان و همچنین زمان ماند مواد جامد، در اثر تغییر برخی از پارامترهای کلیدی مانند دما و حجم راکتور تغییر خواهند کرد. Manuscript profile -
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356 - اثرات تزریق داخل تخم مرغی گلوتامین بر جوجه درآوری، عملکردهای بعدی، فعالیتهای آنزیمی دستگاه گوارش، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و برخی فراسنجههای خونی جوجههای گوشتی
م. سلمانزاده ی. ابراهیمنژاد ح. اقدم شهریار ج. قیاسی قلعهکندیاین آزمایش برای بررسی اثرات تزریق داخل تخم مرغی گلوتامین بر صفات جوجه درآوری، عملکرد رشد، فعالیتهای آنزیمی دستگاه گوارش، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و برخی فراسنجههای خونی جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. برای این مطالعه، 2100 عدد تخم مرغ از گله 43 هفتگی تهیه شد. ال-گلوتامین (10، 20، Moreاین آزمایش برای بررسی اثرات تزریق داخل تخم مرغی گلوتامین بر صفات جوجه درآوری، عملکرد رشد، فعالیتهای آنزیمی دستگاه گوارش، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و برخی فراسنجههای خونی جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. برای این مطالعه، 2100 عدد تخم مرغ از گله 43 هفتگی تهیه شد. ال-گلوتامین (10، 20، 30، 40 و 50 میلیگرم محلول در 0.5 میلیلیتر آب دیونیزه) در روز چهاردهم انکوباسیون در داخل آلبومین تزریق شد. جوجه درآوری، عملکرد رشد، فعالیتهای آنزیمی دستگاه گوارش (آمیلاز و لیپاز)، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و فراسنجههای خونی (گلوکز، کلسترول، تریگلیسیرید، HDL، LDL، پروتیین کل و آلکالین فسفاتاز) در طول آزمایش مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. وزن جوجههای تازه تفریخ شده در گروه تزریق­ شده با گلوتامین نسبت به گروههای شاهد به طور معنیداری افزایش یافت. اما تزریق داخل تخم ­مرغی باعث کاهش جوجه درآوری (13.1 درصد نسبت به گروه تخم مرغهای بدون تزریق) شد (0.05>P). جوجههای حاصل از تزریق داخل تخم ­مرغی گلوتامین افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی بهتری را نسبت به گروههای شاهد نشان دادند (در سن 42-0 روزگی). تزریق داخل تخم ­مرغی گلوتامین غلظت گلوکز، درصد لنفوسیت و هتروفیل و وزن طحال و بورس فابریسیوس در جوجههای تازه تفریخ شده را به طور معنیداری افزایش داد. به علاوه، ایمنوگلوبولینهای G و Mدر جوجههای تیمار شده با 20، 30، 40 و 50 میلیگرم گلوتامین در سن 26 روزگی جوجههای گوشتی به طور معنیداری افزایش داشت. در نتیجه، تزریق داخل تخم ­مرغی سطوح مختلف گلوتامین پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و عملکرد رشد جوجههای گوشتی را بهبود داد. Manuscript profile -
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357 - ارزش تغذیهای بالقوه گونههای علوفه چریدنی حبوبات منتخب در نیجریه با استفاده از روش آزمایشگاهی تولید گاز
آ.آ. نجیدا آ.اً. اًلافادهان اچ.آ. آلکالیترکیب شیمیایی و تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی برخی از گونه­های چریدنی حبوبات ارزیابی شدند. پروتئین خام (CP) در Pterocarpus erinaceus در بالاترین سطح بود (05/0>P). فیبر محلول در شوینده خنثی، فیبر محلول در شوینده اسیدی و تانن تغلیظ شده کُل (TCT) در Erythrina senegalensis در Moreترکیب شیمیایی و تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی برخی از گونه­های چریدنی حبوبات ارزیابی شدند. پروتئین خام (CP) در Pterocarpus erinaceus در بالاترین سطح بود (05/0>P). فیبر محلول در شوینده خنثی، فیبر محلول در شوینده اسیدی و تانن تغلیظ شده کُل (TCT) در Erythrina senegalensis در بالاترین سطح قرار داشت (05/0>P). بیشترین مقدار لیگنین محلول در شوینده اسیدی در Parkia biglobosaوکمترین مقدارآن درAcacia seyal مشاهده شد.بالاترین مقدار تجزیه­پذیری آزمایشگاهی ماده خشک (IVOMD) درDesmodium relatinum (87/11 درصد) و کمترین مقدار آن در Fadhebia albida (29/74 درصد) به دست آمد. بالاترین حجم تولید گاز در 96 ساعت متعلق به Pterocarpus erinaceus (g DM 200/mg 33/29=GP) و کمترین آن مربوط به Parkia biglobosa (g DM 200/mL 00/2) بوده است. مقدار GP حاصل از بخش محلول (a) و حجم گاز تولیدی (mL) در زمان t (Y) در Pterocarpus erinaceus و Erythrina senegalensis در بالاترین سطح بوده است. بیشترین مقدار تولید گاز حاصل از بخش نامحلول ولی تجزیه­پذیر (b) و GP بالقوه (b + a) در Dicrostachys cinerea مشاهده شده است. نرخ GP (c) بین چراهای مختلف بدون الگویی مشخص تغییر نمود. CP چراها با زمان انکوباسیون در همه ساعت­ها و کلیه ویژگی­های تخمیر (a، c و Y) همبستگی مثبت معنی­داری داشت. فیبر محلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) همبستگی مثبتی با زمان­های انکوباشیون و a، b + a و c نشان داد. فیبر محلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADF) همبستگی منفی با ساعت­های انکوباسیون داشته ولی با خصوصیات تخمیر گازی رابطه مثبتی داشت. لیگنین محلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADL) و IVOMD همبستگی ضعیفی با ساعت­های انکوباسیون داشتند ولی رابطه آنها با برخی از ویژگی­های تخمیر قوی بود. تانن تغلیظ شده کُل (TCT) همبستگی مثبتی با زمان انکوباسیون 6، 12 ، 24 و 96 ساعت داشته ولی رابطه­اش با ویژگی­های تخمیر مثبت ولی ضعیف بوده است. محتوای فنلی همبستگی مثبت و قوی با زمان انکوباسیون 3، 6، 12 و 24 ساعت و a، c و Y داشت. بر مبنای CP نسبتاً بالا، سطوح متوسط فیبر و محتوای پایین تانن تغلیظ شده، می­توان نتیجه گرفت که علوفه حبوبات چرایی پتانسیل تغذیه­ای جهت خوراکدهی به نشخوارکنندگان در مناطق حاره­ای را دارند. Manuscript profile -
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358 - تعیین ارزش غذایی انواع سویا با استفاده از روشهای آزمایشگاهی (in vitro) و تکنیکهای تولید گاز
ت. آیسان م. بوگا م. بایلان اس. ارگول اچ. کوتای اس. نعیم سابر سی. میزرک پی. کوبوکسواین مطالعه با هدف تعیین ارزش غذایی انواع سویا با استفاده از روشهای آزمایشگاهی (in vitro) و روش تولید گاز انجام شد. تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی و تولید گاز سینتیک انواع سویا در زمانهای انکوباسیون 0 ، 3 ، 6 ، 12 ، 24 ، 48 ، 72 و 96 ساعت تعیین شد. این مطالعه نشان داد که ا Moreاین مطالعه با هدف تعیین ارزش غذایی انواع سویا با استفاده از روشهای آزمایشگاهی (in vitro) و روش تولید گاز انجام شد. تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی و تولید گاز سینتیک انواع سویا در زمانهای انکوباسیون 0 ، 3 ، 6 ، 12 ، 24 ، 48 ، 72 و 96 ساعت تعیین شد. این مطالعه نشان داد که از نظر ترکیب شیمیایی و میزان تولید گاز در بین پنج نوع مختلف سویا تغییراتی وجود دارد. مقدار پروتئین خام (CP) واریته سویا از 02/34 تا 13/37 درصد متغیر بود. میزان خاکستر دانههای سویا از 42/5 تا 59/5 درصد به دست آمد. الیاف محلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) و الیاف محلول در شوینده اسید (ADF) به ترتیب از 4/16 تا 0/25 و 0/13 تا 60/21 درصد بود. عصاره اتری (EE) از 72/18 تا 00/21 درصد بود. نرخ تولید گاز (c) از 110/0 تا 150/0 درصد بود. بالاترین میزان تولید گاز در انواع سویا در ارقام Adasoy و Nazlıcan مشاهده شد (05/0>P). میزان انرژی متابولیسمی (ME) و قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD) محتویات سویا از 053/7 تا 383/7 مگاژول/کیلوگرم در ماده خشک و 953/71 تا 320/75 درصد بود. براساس نتیجه این مطالعه، از انواع سویا می توان با موفقیت برای خوراک نشخوارکنندگان استفاده کرد. تفاوتهای قابل توجهی درCP ، NDF و ADF بین انواع مختلف سویا وجود دارد. گونههای Türksoy و Nazlıcan به دلیل داشتن پروتئین و قابلیت هضم بالاتر، برای استفاده در جیره توصیه می شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - اثر تخم شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graecum) و ریشه مارچوبه (Asparagus officinalis) بر هضم و کینتیک تولید گاز یونجه با استفاده از تکنیک آزمایشگاهی
و. ناصری ف. کفیلزاده ف. هژبریاین تحقیق به منظور مطالعه اثر تخم شنبلیله و ریشه مارچوبه بر قابلیت هضم و کینتیک تولید گاز علوفه یونجه در شرایط آزمایشگاهی انجام شد. تخم شنبلیله (FS) و ریشه مارچوبه (AR) در سطوح مختلف (0، 5، 10، 15 و 20 درصد ماده خشک) اضافه شده بودند. کل ترکیبات فنولی علوفه یونجه (AH)، ت Moreاین تحقیق به منظور مطالعه اثر تخم شنبلیله و ریشه مارچوبه بر قابلیت هضم و کینتیک تولید گاز علوفه یونجه در شرایط آزمایشگاهی انجام شد. تخم شنبلیله (FS) و ریشه مارچوبه (AR) در سطوح مختلف (0، 5، 10، 15 و 20 درصد ماده خشک) اضافه شده بودند. کل ترکیبات فنولی علوفه یونجه (AH)، تخم شنبلیله و ریشه مارچوبه به ترتیب 9/5، 10 و 3/8 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک، کل تانن 4/0، 8/3 و 5/1 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک و ساپونین 4/10، 3/27 و 3/40 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک بود. قابلیت هضم آزمایشگاهی ماده خشک (DM)، ماده آلی (OM) و دیواره سلولی (NDF) یونجه با اضافه کردن سطوح مختلف تخم شنبلیله کاهش (05/0P<) یافت، اما با اضافه کردن ریشه مارچوبه تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفته بود. افزودن تخم شنبلیله تأثیری بر قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام (CP) یونجه نداشت، اما ریشه مارچوبه در سطح 5 و 20 درصد ماده خشک قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام یونجه را کاهش (05/0P<) داده بود. انرژی قابل متابولیسم (ME) یونجه بواسطه اضافه کردن تخم شنبلیله و ریشه مارچوبه به ترتیب افزایش و کاهش یافته بود (05/0P<). اضافه کردن تخم شنبلیله (در سطح 10 درصد ماده خشک) و ریشه مارچوبه (در سطح 5 درصد ماده خشک) پتانسیل تولید گاز یونجه را کاهش (05/0P<) داده بود. نرخهای ثابت تولید گاز (c و d) بواسطه اضافه کردن تخم شنبلیله و ریشه مارچوبه تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفته بودند. تخم شنبلیله و ریشه مارچوبه در سطح 5 درصد ماده خشک فاز تأخیر (l) را کاهش داده بودند. تخم شنبلیله تأثیری بر نرخ تخمیر (h-1) یونجه نداشت، اما ریشه مارچوبه در سطح 10 درصد ماده خشک نرخ تخمیر را افزایش (05/0P<) داده بود. نتایج این تحقیق پیشنهاد میکند که تخم شنبلیله و ریشه مارچوبه به واسطه محتوای متابولیتهای ثانویه ممکن است پتانسیل بهبود ارزش غدایی علوفه یونجه را داشته باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - بررسی آزمایشگاهی سطوح مختلف جایگزینی کنجاله سویا با کنجاله گوار در یک جیره پرواری برای برهها
ن. سلیمانی م. ملکی ح. علیعربی پ. زمانی م. دهقان-بنادکیهدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثرات جایگزینی کنجاله سویا (SBM) در سطوح مختلف (سطح 0 بعنوان جیره D1، 33 به عنوان جیره D2، 67 به عنوان D3 و 100 درصد جایگزینی به عنوان D4 بر اساس محتوی پروتئین خام) توسط کنجاله گوار (GM) بر کینتیک گاز تولیدی، میزان هضم و ویژگیهای تخمیر شکمبهای Moreهدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثرات جایگزینی کنجاله سویا (SBM) در سطوح مختلف (سطح 0 بعنوان جیره D1، 33 به عنوان جیره D2، 67 به عنوان D3 و 100 درصد جایگزینی به عنوان D4 بر اساس محتوی پروتئین خام) توسط کنجاله گوار (GM) بر کینتیک گاز تولیدی، میزان هضم و ویژگیهای تخمیر شکمبهای یک جیره پرواری برای برهها بود. سه آزمایش انجام گرفت. هدف از آزمایش اول با استفاده از انکوباسیونهای 144 ساعته، تعیین مقایسه­ای کینتیک گاز تولیدی توسط SBM و GM بود. همچنین کینتیک گاز تولیدی و قابلیت هضم و تخمیر شکمبهای جیره پرواری، حاوی نسبتهای مختلف GM و GM به ترتیب با استفاده از انکوباسیونهای 144 و 24 ساعته در آزمایشهای دوم و آخر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج آزمایش اول نشان داد که حداکثر گاز تولیدی (a)، مدت زمانیکه که نصف گاز حداکثری (T1/2) تولید میشود و انرژی متابولیسمی (ME) در SBM بالاتر، و نرخ تولید گاز (µ) پایینتر از GM میباشد (001/0P<). در دومین آزمایش کینتیک، جایگزینی SBM با GM در هیچکدام از سطوح، تأثیری بر کینتیک گاز تولیدی جیره پرواری نداشت (05/0<P). با اینحال در آزمایش آخر گاز تولیدی بعد از 24 ساعت (GP24)، قابلیت هضم آزمایشگاهی مادۀ خشک (IVTDMD)، قابلیت هضم آزمایشگاهی مادۀ آلی (IVTOMD)، فاکتور تفکیک (PF)، توده میکروبی تولیدی (MBP) و غلظت اسیدهای چرب فرار تام (TVFA) در جیره D2 در مقایسه با جیرههای D1 و D4 افزایش یافت. غلظت آمونیاک در جیرههای D2 و D3 در مقایسه با D4 کاهش یافت (05/0P<)، با این وجود الگوی اسیدهای چرب فرار تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). این نتایج نشان دادند که پروتئین SBM میتواند تا 67 درصد توسط پروتئین GM جایگزین گردد، اما 33 درصد جایگزینی، با توجه به اثرات مفید آن بر قابلیت هضم و تخمیر شکمبهای توصیه می­گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Dietary Supplementation of Enzymes: An Approach to Mitigate Ammonia Emission during Broiler Production
S. Sugiharto I. Agusetyaningsih E. Widiastuti H.I. Wahyuni T. Yudiarti T.A. Sartono -
Open Access Article
362 - Potential Relevance of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peel in the Nutrition, Health, and Quality Products of Poultry
E.A. Akuru C.I. Chukwuma C.E. Oyeagu T.C. Mpendulo F.B. Lewu -
Open Access Article
363 - Estimation of the Carbon Footprint in Dairy Sheep Farm
A. Ceyhan E. Akyol A. Ünalan S. Çınar W. Ali -
Open Access Article
364 - Investigation of the Nutritional Potential of some Rangeland Plants Species by in vitro Gas Production and Fermentation Parameters in Torbat-e Jam, Iran: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression
E. Ibrahimi Khoram Abadi M. Kazemi -
Open Access Article
365 - Effect of Processed Barley Grain on in vitro Rumen Fermentation and Fate of Nitrogen Metabolism
P. Kheirandish M. Danesh Mesgaran A. Javadmanesh M. Mohri E. Khafipour S.A. Vakili -
Open Access Article
366 - اثر تانن استخراجی از محصول فرعی پوسته پسته بر میزان تولید گاز و فراسنجههای برآورد شده
ام. شریفی آ.آ. ناصریان اچ. خراسانیاین مطالعه بهمنظور بررسی اثرات عملآوری مکملهای پروتئینی با عصاره تانن استخراجی از محصول فرعی پسته بر میزان تولید گاز و فراسنجههای برآوردی انجام گرفت. یک نسبت از پوسته پسته با چهار نسبت از آب به مدت 48 ساعت مخلوط گردید. عصاره بهدستآمده بر روی کنجاله سویا و کنجاله ک Moreاین مطالعه بهمنظور بررسی اثرات عملآوری مکملهای پروتئینی با عصاره تانن استخراجی از محصول فرعی پسته بر میزان تولید گاز و فراسنجههای برآوردی انجام گرفت. یک نسبت از پوسته پسته با چهار نسبت از آب به مدت 48 ساعت مخلوط گردید. عصاره بهدستآمده بر روی کنجاله سویا و کنجاله کانولا با نسبت یک به یک افشانه گردید (v/w 1:1)، سپس در سایه خشک گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 1) جیره بر پایه کنجاله سویا، 2) جیره بر پایه کنجاله سویا عملآوریشده با تانن، 3) جیره بر پایه کنجاله کانولا و 4) جیره بر پایه کنجاله کانولا عملآوری شده با تانن بودند. کنیتیک تولید گاز با استفاده از مدل نمایی برازش داده شد. پس از 48 ساعت انکوباسیون، مقداری از مایع هر سرنگ برای تعیین غلظت ازت آمونیاکی با استفاده از روش تقطیر مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج بهدستآمده از این مطالعه نشان داد که افشاندن عصاره تانن بر روی منبع پروتئینی سبب افزایش تانن بهترتیب بهمیزان 4/4 و 13/3 در کنجاله کانولا و کنجاله سویا میشود. اگرچه میزان تولید گاز، بخش b و بخش c با عملآوری مکملآوری پروتئینی نسبت به مکمل پروتئینی عملآوری نشده کاهش یافت، اما این کاهش معنیدار نبود. اثر عصاره تانن بر روی میزان ازت آمونیاکی معنیدار بود (05/0P<). میزان ازت آمونیاکی برای مکمل سویا که دارای کمترین میزان تانن بود بیشترین و و برای کنجاله عملآوری شده با تانن که دارای بیشترین میزان تانن بود کمترین بود. قابلیت هضم ماده آلی، انرژی قابل متابولیسم و اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر با عصاره تانن به طور معنیداری کاهش یافت. کنجاله سویا عملآوری نشده دارای بیشترین و کنجاله کانولا عملآوری شده دارای کمترین میزان قابلیت هضم ماده آلی، انرژی قابل متابولیسم و اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر بود. بنابراین عملآوری مکملهای پروتئینی با عصاره تانن میزان تولید گاز و فراسنجههای برآورد شده را کاهش میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - پاسخ جمعیت میکروبی دستگاه گوارش و عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با اسیدهای آلی و نانو نقره پوشش داده شده بر زئولیت تحت تنش گرمایی
ا. عباسی س.ر. هاشمی س. حسنی م. ابراهیمیهدف از این آزمایش ارزیابی پاسخ جمعیت میکروبی دستگاه گوارش و عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با اسیدهای آلی و نانو نقره پوشش داده شده بر زئولیت تحت تنش گرمایی میباشد. به همین منظور در این آزمایش از 375 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه نژاد کاب (500 Cobb) استفاده شد. که در 5 تیمار Moreهدف از این آزمایش ارزیابی پاسخ جمعیت میکروبی دستگاه گوارش و عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با اسیدهای آلی و نانو نقره پوشش داده شده بر زئولیت تحت تنش گرمایی میباشد. به همین منظور در این آزمایش از 375 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه نژاد کاب (500 Cobb) استفاده شد. که در 5 تیمار و 5 تکرار و 15 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی تقسیم شدند. پنج تیمار غذایی شامل: 1) جیره شاهد، 2) جیره شاهد حاوی 1 درصد زئولیت، 3) جیره شاهد حاوی 1 درصد زئولیت پوشش داده شده با 0.5 درصد نانو نقره، 4) جیره شاهد حاوی 1 گرم بر کیلوگرم اسید آلی و 5) جیره شاهد حاوی 1 درصد زئولیت پوشش داده شده با 0.5 درصد نانو نقره و 1 گرم بر کیلوگرم اسید آلی بود. خوراک مصرفی و وزن بدن برای هر تیمار در کل دوره آزمایش ثبت و ضریب تبدیل خوراک محاسبه گردید. به منظور شمارش جمعیت میکروبی دستگاه گوارش دو قطعه جوجه از هر واحد آزمایشی در روزهای 21 و 42 پرورش کشتار شدند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که جیره غذایی حاوی نانو نقره به همراه اسید آلی باعث کاهش وزن بدن جوجههای گوشتی در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد و زئولیت در فاصله سن 42-21 روزگی شد (P<0.05). همچنین در کل دوره پرورش ضریب تبدیل غذایی در گروه نانو نقره پوشش داده شده بر زئولیت به طور معنی ­داری نسبت به گروه شاهد و زئولیت بالاتر بود (P<0.05). با این حال تیمارهای آزمایشی هیچگونه اختلاف معنیداری بر جمعیت میکروبی دستگاه گوارش نداشتند (0.05<P). به طور خلاصه نتایج حاضر نشان داد اگرچه نانو ذرات نقره و اسیدهای آلی اثر خاصی بر پارامترهای عملکرد و افزایش شمار باکتریهای مفید (اسید لاکتیک) دستگاه گوارش در حالت تنش گرمایی نداشتند اما موجب کاهش آنها نگشته­اند. بنابراین میتوان از آنها به عنوان افزودنی در جیره غذایی جوجههای گوشتی استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Impact of Diets Containing Varying Levels of Sodium Chloride as a Source of Electrolyte in Broiler Chickens
C.O. Osita C. Ezenwosu E.N. Iloamaka A.O. Ani -
Open Access Article
369 - استفاده از چندشکلیهای ریزماهوارهای موجود در ژن Ovar-DRB1 جهت تعیین مقاومت ژنتیکی نسبت به نماتودهای دستگاه گوارش در گوسفندان دنبهدار قزل
ر. حاجی علیزاده ولیلو س.ع. رافت م. فیروزآمندی م. ابراهیمیاین پژوهش به منظور شناسایی دام­های دارای مقاومت ژنتیکی نسبت به نماتودهای دستگاه گوارش (GIN) با استفاده از چندشکلی­های ریزماهواره­ای موجود در ژن Ovar-DRB1 برههای نژاد قزل ایرانی طراحی شد. در پژوهش حاضر 120 بره نر قزل 4 تا 6 ماهه به صورت تصادفی از 6 گله گوسف Moreاین پژوهش به منظور شناسایی دام­های دارای مقاومت ژنتیکی نسبت به نماتودهای دستگاه گوارش (GIN) با استفاده از چندشکلی­های ریزماهواره­ای موجود در ژن Ovar-DRB1 برههای نژاد قزل ایرانی طراحی شد. در پژوهش حاضر 120 بره نر قزل 4 تا 6 ماهه به صورت تصادفی از 6 گله گوسفند متفاوت در استان آذربایجان شرقی انتخاب شدند (تعداد 20 گوسفند در هر گله). این برهها به صورت طبیعی با GINها آلوده شده و نمونههای مدفوعی هر حیوان نیز جهت شمارش تعداد تخم­انگل موجود در مدفوع (FEC) به صورت دوبار در هفته و با یک هفته فاصله جمعآوری شد. نمونههای خونی نیز جهت استخراج DNA جمعآوری شدند و PCR به منظور افزوده­سازی اگزون شماره ­2 و توالی­های ریزماهوارهای موجود در اینترون شماره­2 ژن Ovar-DRB1 انجام شد. دادهها با استفاده از رویه مختلط در نرم افزار SAS آنالیز شدند. در پژوهش حاضر 24 ژنوتیپ و 20 آلل برای ژن Ovar-DRB1 شناسایی شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که حضور آللی به طول 510 جفت ­باز (که آلل F نامیده شد) در هر دو دامهای هموزیگوت و هتروزیگوت دارای رابطه­ قابل­توجه معنی­داری (01/­0P<) با کاهش FEC دارد، در حالیکه حضور آللی به طول 506 جفت­باز (که آلل E نامیده شد) در دام­های هموزیگوت نیز دارای رابطه معنی­داری (01/­0P<) با افزایش میزان FECمی باشد. بنابراین این پژوهش رابطه قابل­توجه معنی­داری را بین چندشکلی­های ریزماهوارهای موجود در ژن Ovar-DRB1 و مقاومت به GIN در برههای نژاد قزل نشان داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Feasibility Study of Using Photovoltaic Systems in Water and Wastewater Industry (Case Study: Tehran Water and Wastewater Company)
Ensieh Ozgoli Younes Noorollahi Reza Arjmandi Ali MohammadiSince water and wastewater companies are one of the significant energy consumers in urban industries, there is a substantial share to increase electricity demand and as a result, increasing the power plants load. The purpose of this study is to present a new evaluation MoreSince water and wastewater companies are one of the significant energy consumers in urban industries, there is a substantial share to increase electricity demand and as a result, increasing the power plants load. The purpose of this study is to present a new evaluation approach for using solar energy in the water and wastewater industry. Therefore, while consideration of the energy consumption in the six regions of Tehran Water and Wastewater Company, requirements for the installation and operation of photovoltaic systems in this company has been investigated. In the present study, the objective functions are energy consumption costs and greenhouse gas emissions; Also, solar energy potential, increasing population rate and water consumption are the most important independent variables and forecasted electricity consumption, carbon tax, and electricity sales price are also dependent variables. The results of this study, which can be based on using the regression model, show that the increase in electricity consumption and costs are 1.5 and 3 times in this period, respectively. To calculate the amount of greenhouse gas emissions, the three scenarios are implemented and compared with the replacement of 5, 20, and 30% of the company required electricity by photovoltaic systems. The reduction in CO2 emissions due to the production of 30% of electricity consumption with solar energy, amounted to 26,712 thousand tons. On the other hand, taxing more than $ 10 per ton of CO2 emissions changes the consumption pattern and reduces the cost of electricity consumption in this industry by $ 5,987,086. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - The evaluation of effective risk management criteria in the of natural gas distribution network projects implementation with fuzzy SWARA and fuzzy best- the worst method approach
Ammar Rostami Najafabadi Mehrdad Nikbakht Atefeh Amindoust Mehdi KarbasianGas distribution networks are considered essential. Therefore, considering the importance of the implementation of such projects and the challenges raised in this field, the present study tries to evaluate the key criteria of risk management in the implementation of net MoreGas distribution networks are considered essential. Therefore, considering the importance of the implementation of such projects and the challenges raised in this field, the present study tries to evaluate the key criteria of risk management in the implementation of network projects by comparing two fuzzy multi-indicator decision-making techniques. Pay for the distribution of natural gas. For this purpose, by selecting a number of 36 experts and experts in the field of natural gas industry, using a researcher-made questionnaire, Lawshe method and multi-indicator decision- making techniques based on fuzzy SWARA and fuzzy best- the worst method were used. The obtained results indicate that, out of 32 risk management criteria, 17 criteria were identified as key risk management criteria. Also, based on the results, it is concluded is consistent that the final and definitive weight of the criterion of inadequacy or lack of technical information for design in carrying out the fuzzy best- the worst method multi-indicator decision-making technique with the second rank of the final and definitive weight obtained in the fuzzy SWARA multi-indicator decision-making technique and has been evaluated with the highest importance and the final and definitive weight of the criterion of the inappropriate evaluation process and the selection of suppliers and contractors in two multi-indicator decision- making techniques has been evaluated with the least importance. They share meaning with each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Optimization of petroleum condensate supply chain using mathematical modeling and simulation
Hamidreza Mahmoudi Morteza Bazrafshan Mohadeseh AhmadipourIn this research, a framework for optimizing the oil condensate supply chain is designed using mathematical programming and simulation. Based on this framework, investment and operating costs and greenhouse gas emissions for oil and gas transmission lines can be minimiz MoreIn this research, a framework for optimizing the oil condensate supply chain is designed using mathematical programming and simulation. Based on this framework, investment and operating costs and greenhouse gas emissions for oil and gas transmission lines can be minimized to meet pressure and transmission network needs. We can also minimize the production of pollutants in the related parts of the chain. By applying a real case study, all possible decisions are taken into account to consider the environmental aspects of the supply chain. Therefore, the structure and decisions of the supply chain are generally based on two objective functions, including the reduction of transportation and maintenance costs and pollution in treatment plants and distribution centers. The results showed that using the proposed model reduces costs by 31% and greenhouse gas emissions by 51%. There will also be an 8% increase in the capacity of fields and refineries and a 65% increase in exports. Using the results obtained from solving the model, it is possible to determine the share of each oil product in the total price and each part of the chain in the production of greenhouse gases. According to the results, oil is the most expensive and oils are the least expensive. In addition, refineries have the most impact and storage tanks have the least impact on environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Development and Implementation of Principal Component Analysis Method for Monitoring of Gas Turbine
Samira Piri Niaragh Elham GhanbariGas turbines are complex and expensive machines that the cost of repairing unexpected failures is very high. There are many sensors installed in each gas turbine that record and collect large amounts of data. With the data mining of such big data, failure prediction is MoreGas turbines are complex and expensive machines that the cost of repairing unexpected failures is very high. There are many sensors installed in each gas turbine that record and collect large amounts of data. With the data mining of such big data, failure prediction is possible before the occurrence. The data set for the present study is the recorded quantities of sensors mounted on a 9-frame gas turbine in one of the country's power plants. The one column of data matrix rows was first labeled to identify healthy and defective row in each data sample. Then, by using the Principal Component Analysis method, the dimensions of the data matrix were reduced from seven to four dimensions and the main features were extracted. Following this, a model was developed by applying Artificial Neural Network method that was able to identify fault rows in the data matrix and identify the class of the data samples as healthy or defective. Accuracy, precision, and convergence of the model for two-to-six-dimensional model reductions were studied after machine learning was performed on 80% of the data. After matrix dimensionality reduction, and feature extraction by using "Principal Component Analysis" method, our well-designed model was also able to identify and classify the fault by using "Artificial Neural Network" method. In this thesis, it was found that our mode l by combining "Principal Component Analysis" method with "Artificial Neural Network" was able to show more than 90% precision with good accuracy and maximum degree of data matrix convergence. Moreover, it was able to specify the gas turbine fault class. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Study on ectoparasites and gastrointestinal helminth of local chicken in Kerman 2018
maryam noshadokht mohammad mirzaie Ali Reza AbediIntroduction: Parasitic infections of native chickens are among sources of infection for people and industrial poultry, thereby constituting health and economic problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance of Ectoparasites and gastrointestinal helm MoreIntroduction: Parasitic infections of native chickens are among sources of infection for people and industrial poultry, thereby constituting health and economic problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance of Ectoparasites and gastrointestinal helminth of native chickens in Kerman.Method: One hundred native chickens selected randomly during summer, fall, springs, and winter. Gastrointestinal helminth and ectoparasites were identified using microscopic examination. Result: Totally of 100 native chickens investigated, 64 were infected and 36 were uninfected. The Present study shows that native chickens in Kerman are infected with Subulura brumpti, Ascaridia galli, Rallietina tetragona, Rallietina echinobothrida, larvae of Argas tick, and Menacanthus stramineus. Discussion and conclusion: Statistical analysis showed significance association between sex, season, and contact with another animal. While no significant association was found between age and helminth infection. With regard to importance of breeding of poultry and effect of internal and external parasites on poultry production as well as human health, it is hoped that the research could increase the knowledge of experts and executive organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - On the Evaluation of the Biogas Production Capability of Animal Wastes in Rural Areas (Case Study: Kermanshah Province)
R. bahramiToday, access to clean and secure energy sources is one of the main objectives of sustainable development. Biogas can be used as a strategy to replace fossil energy in rural areas by enjoying features such as generating clean energy, improving rural health environment a MoreToday, access to clean and secure energy sources is one of the main objectives of sustainable development. Biogas can be used as a strategy to replace fossil energy in rural areas by enjoying features such as generating clean energy, improving rural health environment and production of animal manure which is the main source of nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) and is free of weed seeds and pathogens.Study was conducted aimed to evaluate the production of biogas in rural areas of Kermanshah which people use required energy by means of gas for cooking and consuming water per capita through field study. The use of gas energy has been calculated according to the standards and national regulations of the country. Findings from different aspects infered that biogas is the best alternative for gas plumbing in rural areas economically, socially, and due to the tectonic position of Kermanshah province from 65% savings, Low-durability type of rural houses, and earthquake point of view, respectively. In terms of the environment, biogas cleans the countryside and raise the level of village health. Technologically, training and using biogas in rural areas is simple. The results show that using biogas in rural areas requires localization and creation of cultural and economic grounds through the collaboration of government agencies because of the lack of local people's awareness of it (Jihad and Banks to educate and to allocate loans, correspondingly), and to assist civil institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - On the Climate Estimation of Need to Cooling and Heating and Analyzing it with Gas Consumption Cost (Case Study: Anzali City)
M. pourmohammad B. Ramezani L. KokabianNowadays, by applying new methods, a high percentage of fuel can be reduced to provide adequate heating or cooling for rural and urban buildings. These methods are still under study and should be reduced to 50% with accurate calculations by carefully examining them and MoreNowadays, by applying new methods, a high percentage of fuel can be reduced to provide adequate heating or cooling for rural and urban buildings. These methods are still under study and should be reduced to 50% with accurate calculations by carefully examining them and applying new ways to reduce excessive energy consumption in urban and rural buildings. The objective of this paper is to estimate the annual cooling and heating amount (HDD and CDD) in comparing the need of Anzali city gas consumption with its estimated cost. The research method uses the calculation of the warm and cold days by Dr. Khalili's inventive formula, which is possible by using calculated cooling and heating rate. The instrument of this meteorological data and its proposed formula were used during a 34 year period (1979-2013) of Anzali station temperature. The results of this study showed that the need for the heating day is 1546.42° -day and the degree-cooling day is 94.55°, and the need for heating energy for a residential building with 100 m² and 2.7 meters height is 15657300 Rials and in the heating season it is 957.3 Rials. The results of this research can help local and regional planners in relation to the actual cost of gas consumption and the zoning of its coefficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Geographical Distribution Gastrointestinal Cancer and its Relation with Soil Nitrate Rural Settlement (Case study: Ardabil County)
Rasoul samadzadeh Seyed Saied Azizzadeh Ahmad GhasemiThis research was carried out to study the relation between of soil nitrate accumulation in different areas of Ardabil Plain with gastrointestinal cancers. To conduct research, 34 villages in the suburbs of Ardabil were randomly selected (from each village, 3 samples) a MoreThis research was carried out to study the relation between of soil nitrate accumulation in different areas of Ardabil Plain with gastrointestinal cancers. To conduct research, 34 villages in the suburbs of Ardabil were randomly selected (from each village, 3 samples) and transferred to the soil lab for nitrate measurement. The location of the samples was determined using a GPS device and the corresponding map with GIS technic. At the same time, a questionnaire was distributed among the farmers of the villages studied and completed. The data from laboratory and questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS19 software and the correlation of studied traits was studied. The relationship between consumption and nitrate accumulation from the soil was also studied by T-test. The average nitrate content of Ardabil plain farms was more than the recommended standard and was 414 mg / kg. The results showed that the amount of soil nitrate and nitrate intake per hectare affected the incidence of gastrointestinal cancer (pv <0.05). Based on the results, it was found that gastrointestinal cancer was scattered in the north and northwest areas of the plain and its geographic distribution was consistent with the type of soil containing nitrate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - The analysis and climate classification of mean total of necessary (heating and cooling) in Guilan realm emphatically on natural gas consumption
بهمن رمضانی زهرا کاظم نژادOne of the main parameters of climate determinant in every region is ''temperature'', that they estimate of needs will supplying by natural gas in cold season, that need to heating and cooling and it monthly and annual changes for household and on the other hand they cl MoreOne of the main parameters of climate determinant in every region is ''temperature'', that they estimate of needs will supplying by natural gas in cold season, that need to heating and cooling and it monthly and annual changes for household and on the other hand they climate classification is very important to calculation amount of natural gas consumption. In this research, mean total of HDD and CDD monthly, seasonal and annual in Guilan by using of HDD and CDD studiedly index according to temperature threshold between 18.3 to 23.9 °C calculation, drawing and were analyzed. Database included mean daily temperature and relative humidity for selected stations of Guilan during available statistical period. At first, from total of seasonal mean, present the total maps of seasonal necessary energy, and from total of annual mean, the total maps of annual necessary energy, too. Then, the region has been classified from viewpoint of heating, cooling and humidity factor and finally, calculating the cost of heating climate classifying according to necessary natural gas of a standard unit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - بررسی پاسخهای فیزیولوژیکی گل مریم (Polianthes tuberosa L.) در شرایط تنش کم آبیاری
خانی شاکرمی بهمن زاهدی عبدالحسین رضایی نژاد صادق موسوی فردتنش آب یکی از عوامل اصلی محدوده کننده تولید و آسیبهای شدید به گیاهان در ایران است. به­منظور بررسی و مقایسه اثر تنش کم آبیاری بر روی برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی گل مریم، آزمایشی با دو رقم گل مریم (پرپر و کم پر) و سه سطح تنش Moreتنش آب یکی از عوامل اصلی محدوده کننده تولید و آسیبهای شدید به گیاهان در ایران است. به­منظور بررسی و مقایسه اثر تنش کم آبیاری بر روی برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی گل مریم، آزمایشی با دو رقم گل مریم (پرپر و کم پر) و سه سطح تنش کم آبیاری (بدون تنش W1= 90% FC، تنش متوسط W2=75% FCو تنش شدید W3=60% FC) به­صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. محتوای آب نسبی، نشت الکترولیت، کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید، پرولین، میزان مالوندیآلدهید، فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی (سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و کاتالاز)، میزان فتوسنتز، میزان تعرق و مقاومت روزنهای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گل مریم تحت تأثیر تنش کم آبیاری قرار گرفتند. میزان مالوندیآلدهید و نشت یونی همبستگی معنیداری با اکثر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی نشان داد. محتوای آب نسبی، کلروفیل کل، میزان فتوسنتز، میزان تعرق، مقاومت روزنهای، فعالیت سوپراکسیددیسموتاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز در رقم کم پر نسبت به رقم پرپر افزایش معنی­داری نشان داد. همچنین میزان کاتالاز، مالوندیآلدهید و محتوای پرولین در رقم پرپر نسبت به رقم کم پر به­طور معنیداری بیشتر بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که رقم کم پر نسبت به رقم پرپر در شرایط تنش کم آبیاری، رشد بهتری داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - بررسی امکان حضور اتانول در تعدادی گیاهان زینتی و معطر با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی گازی
مریم نصوری گزنی شهاب شریعتی علی رفیع زاده محمد نقی صفرزاده ویشکاییگیاهان بخش قابل توجهی از کربن جذب شده خود را به عنوان مواد آلی فرار زیستی مجدداً در هوا منتشر میسازند. با توجه به مقادیر نسبتاً زیاد متانول در عرقیات گیاهی، انتظار میرود که، غلظت های متفاوتی از اتانول نیز در چنین نوشیدنیهایی یافت شود، زیرا، بعضی از تحقیقات نشان داده Moreگیاهان بخش قابل توجهی از کربن جذب شده خود را به عنوان مواد آلی فرار زیستی مجدداً در هوا منتشر میسازند. با توجه به مقادیر نسبتاً زیاد متانول در عرقیات گیاهی، انتظار میرود که، غلظت های متفاوتی از اتانول نیز در چنین نوشیدنیهایی یافت شود، زیرا، بعضی از تحقیقات نشان داده است، گیاهان همانند متانول، اتانول نیز تولید و در هوا منتشر میسازند. در این تحقیق، مقدار اتانول در 30 نمونه عرق گیاهی صنعتی تولید شده توسط سه کارخانه مختلف مورد اندازه گیری قرار گرفت. برای این منظور، محلولهایی با غلظت mg L-1 10000 از اتانول و متانول به عنوان استانداردهای اصلی و داخلی بطور مجزا تهیه گردید که در ادامه، غلظتهای متفاوتی از محلول اتانول ساخته شده تهیه شد و در ادامه µL 50 از محلول متانول به تمام استانداردها و نمونههای استاندارد داخلی اضافه شد و سپس، مقدار اتانول همه آنها با استفاده از دستگاه GC مورد اندازه گیری قرار گرفتند. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد، بعضی از انواع عرقیات گیاهی دارای اتانول هستند. بیشترین مقدار اتانول مربوط به گلاب با میانگین mg L-1 4/96 و کمترین آن در عرق بیدمشک با میانگین mg L-1 5/ 15 (تنها یک نمونه mg L-1 5/15 بود و در دو نمونه دیگر دیده نشد) دیده شد، در حالی که، دیگر نمونههای مورد آزمایش فاقد اتانول بودند. با توجه به حضور اتانول در بعضی از نمونههای مورد بررسی، تحقیقات بیشتر در این زمینه ضروری به نظر میرسد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) Minimally Processed: Effect of Storage Temperature and Different Films of Packaging
A.P. Leon D. Frezza V.R. Logegaray C. Mastrototaro A. ChiesaWatercress is a leafy vegetable of the family Brassicaceae that grows in and around water, it has a short shelf life (approximately seven days) and it is consumed raw or steamed. The objective of this work was to study the effect of packaging film and different storage MoreWatercress is a leafy vegetable of the family Brassicaceae that grows in and around water, it has a short shelf life (approximately seven days) and it is consumed raw or steamed. The objective of this work was to study the effect of packaging film and different storage temperature on the postharvest quality of watercress minimally processed. Treatments were: packed with plain film (PD961EZ, 31mm thickness), non perforated and perforated (perforated area percentage 0.3%, hole diameter 1.1mm) and stored in refrigerated chambers at 1 ± 0.5 oC and 8 ± 2 oC (optimal storage temperature vs market temperature) for 10 days. Overall visual quality, gas concentration inside the packages, color Hunter lab parameters and weight loss were evaluated. Overall visual quality, gas concentration and weight loss were significantly affected by treatment, storage time and temperature. Color parameters did not show a clear tendency. In conclusion, non perforated PDZ 961 film was suitable for preserving watercress quality at the tested storage temperatures and in both temperatures, the overall visual quality was maintained above the limit values of commercial acceptability. The perforated film was no suitable for the packaging of watercress at any of the tested temperatures, mainly due to significant weight loss that reduce the overall visual quality of the product less than limit of acceptability by the consumers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Designing human resource productivity model with organizational goals with emphasis on individual and organizational factors
bahador changizi mojgan amirianzadeh moslem salehi reza zareieOrganizations are equipped by their human resources and by the same human resources; Set goals will be achievable. Therefore, the human resources of the organization need more attention and development because human resources alone can increase efficiency and productivi MoreOrganizations are equipped by their human resources and by the same human resources; Set goals will be achievable. Therefore, the human resources of the organization need more attention and development because human resources alone can increase efficiency and productivity. The research was done in two stages. In the first stage, which was done qualitatively. 18 interviews were conducted with experts. Then, the data were analyzed by content analysis method and based on this stage and the literature, the research model was designed and then a questionnaire including the basis of Likert spectrum and including individual, organizational and organizational productivity goals was prepared. In the second stage, 337 questionnaires were purposefully distributed among the employees of the National Iranian Gas Company, using SPSS and Smart Pls software and correlation test and implementation of structural equations were examined. According to the research findings, the individual and organizational dimensions have a positive and significant relationship with productivity. Therefore, in order to achieve organizational goals, individual performance and organizational performance should be given more attention. Based on the research results, suggestions were presented in both executive and research sections. The research results increase our knowledge in the field of individual factors and organizational factors and organizational goals. The study of research model in organizations and other departments with different statistical population is suggested to future researchers. The limitation of the statistical population to the National Iranian Gas Company is one of the limitations of the research that reduces its generalizability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - Study of Factor in happiness to the productivity of oil and gas company employees Gachsaran
محمد حقیقی ساسان حبیبی نژاد جهانبخش حبیبی باغ ملکNowadays, healthy organizations are the ones which care about mental and physical health of the staff as much as their work and productivity. With the health of people, the health of the organization is guaranteed and it can be benefitted from productivity, ability, and MoreNowadays, healthy organizations are the ones which care about mental and physical health of the staff as much as their work and productivity. With the health of people, the health of the organization is guaranteed and it can be benefitted from productivity, ability, and necessary efficiency for dealing with the world full of competition. The main goal of this study is examining happiness elements in the productivity of the staff of Oil and Gas Production Company of Gachsaran. Statistical population includes all the staff of Oil and Gas Production Company of Gachsaran. This study uses survey approach with descriptive methods. To measure hypotheses, a five-point Likert scale questionnaire (from very low to very much) and productivity questionnaire were used. Using Cochran formula, the sample size of 365 people was achieved. To analyze data, SPSS software and descriptive and referential statistics (independent t-test, variance analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression analysis) were used. Independent variables included gender, education, marital status, employment, type of work shift, monthly income, creativity, job records, job safety, welfare facilities, educational facilities, and cooperative management. Based on the results, there is a positive and significant correlation between education, employment, type of work shift, monthly income, creativity, job safety, welfare facilities, educational facilities, and cooperative management and productivity. But, there is no significant correlation between gender, job records, and productivity. Generally, 172.75 of the productivity changes result from cooperative management, job safety, type of work shift, educational facilities, education level, and job records and the rest relates to the other factors. Practical implications of the study are also discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - مدلسازی انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای تولید گندم در سیستم های کشت آبی و دیم در استان خراسان رضوی، ایران
سید مسعود معتمد الشریعتی حسن صدرنیا محمد حسین آق خانی مهدی خجستهپورکشاورزی یکی از بخش­های مهم تولیدکننده گازهای گلخانهای محسوب میگردد. یراین اساس، این مطالعه به ارزیابی انتشار گازهای گلخانهای تولید گندم در نظامهای کشت آبی و دیم پرداخته است. داده­ها از طریق پرسشنامه و مصاحبه حضوری با 116 کشاورز گردآوری شد. نتایج نشان داد که Moreکشاورزی یکی از بخش­های مهم تولیدکننده گازهای گلخانهای محسوب میگردد. یراین اساس، این مطالعه به ارزیابی انتشار گازهای گلخانهای تولید گندم در نظامهای کشت آبی و دیم پرداخته است. داده­ها از طریق پرسشنامه و مصاحبه حضوری با 116 کشاورز گردآوری شد. نتایج نشان داد که مجموع انتشار گازهای گلخانهای برای تولید گندم در نظامهای کشت آبی و دیم به ترتیب kg CO2 eq 8/637 و 12/65 بود. نهاده سوخت دیزل با 33 درصد، بیشترین انتشار گازهای گلخانهای تولید گندم در نظام کشت آبی را داشت. همچنین این نهاده بیشترین انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در تولید گندم در نظام دیم را به خود اختصاص داد. نتایج استفاده از تابع کاب-داگلاس نشان داد که برای تولید گندم در نظام کشت آبی، تأثیر نهادههای نشردهنده گازهای گلخانهای ماشینها، سوخت، الکتریسیته و کود حیوانی بر روی عملکرد مثبت و تأثیر نهادههای کودهای شیمیایی و سموم شیمیایی بر روی عملکرد گندم منفی بود. این در حالی است که تأثیر تمام نهادههای انرژی بر روی عملکرد گندم در نظام کشت دیم مثبت بود. نتایج تحلیل حساسیت ورودیهای نشردهنده گازهای گلخانهای نشان داد با افزایش یک کیلوگرم معادل دیاکسیدکربن نهادههای کودهای شیمیایی و سموم شیمیایی عملکرد گندم در نظام کشت آبی به ترتیب به میزان 28/0 و 17/0 کیلوگرم کاهش یافت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - مطالعه نظری و آزمایشگاهی گازیسازی اندامهای هوایی سیبزمینی در گازیساز بستر سیال و ثابت
مجتبی جاویدی قراچه مهدی خجسته پور محمدعلی ابراهیمی نیک ون ازلینا ون اب کریم قانیدستگاه گازیساز بالاسو در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی به دو صورت بستر سیال و ثابت در سه حالت (بستر سیال با دو نسبت تعادل 2/0 و 25/0 و یک حالت با بستر ثابت) برای این تحقیق به کار گرفته شد. آزمایش در پنج دمای راکتور مختلف (650، 700، 750، 800 و °C850) انجام شد. برای به دست آوردن Moreدستگاه گازیساز بالاسو در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی به دو صورت بستر سیال و ثابت در سه حالت (بستر سیال با دو نسبت تعادل 2/0 و 25/0 و یک حالت با بستر ثابت) برای این تحقیق به کار گرفته شد. آزمایش در پنج دمای راکتور مختلف (650، 700، 750، 800 و °C850) انجام شد. برای به دست آوردن دادههای مورد نیاز برای مدل تعادل ترمودینامیکی تحلیل تخمینی و نهایی روی اندامهای هوایی سیبزمینی به عنوان خوراک دستگاه صورت گرفت. این مدل بر پایه دما است و نتایج متفاوتی برای دماهای مختلف ارائه میدهد. مدل نتیجه کاملاً دقیقی برای پیشبینی مقدار متان در نسبت تعادلی 25/0 ارائه داد. با در نظر گرفتن متوسط مقدار هر مؤلفه گازی در گاز خروجی کمترین خطا برای پیشبینی CO با خطای 7/0 درصد بود. با در نظر گرفتن نتایج آزمایشگاهی مدل نتایج بهتری برای پیشبینی مؤلفههای گازی در بستر سیال به خصوص در نسبت تعادلی 25/0 ارائه کرد. با توجه به خطای متوسط بهترین نتایج برای CO، N2 و CO2 به دست آمد. با افزایش دما مقادیر ارزش حرارتی حداکثر و راندمان تبدیل کربن افزایش یافت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Numerical Modeling and Stability Analysis of Shallow Foundations Located Near Slopes (Case Study: Phase 8 Gas Flare Foundations of South Pars Gas Complex)
Mohammad Azarafza Ebrahim Asghari-Kaljahi Mohammadreza Moshrefy-far -
Open Access Article
387 - Stability analysis of jointed rock slopes using key block method (Case study: Gas Flare site in 6, 7 and 8 phases of South Pars Gas Complex)
Mohammad Azarafza Ali Reza Yarahmadi Bafghi Ebrahim Asghari-Kaljahi Gholamreza Bahmannia Mohammadreza Moshrefy-far -
Open Access Article
388 - The Effect of Fracture Intersection on Drilling Mud Loss in Iranian Gas Fields
Abbas Kangi Zahra Alimirzaei Gholamhossein Montazeri -
Open Access Article
389 - Designing and validating a model of human resources empowerment in order to increase the productivity of human resources in the National Iranian Gas Company
bahador changizi mozhgan amirianzadeh moslem salehi Reza ZareiThe purpose of this study is to design and validate the model of human resource empowerment dimensions for the productivity of the National Iranian Gas Company. In the qualitative stage with 18 experts, mainly managers and deputy human resources of the National Iranian MoreThe purpose of this study is to design and validate the model of human resource empowerment dimensions for the productivity of the National Iranian Gas Company. In the qualitative stage with 18 experts, mainly managers and deputy human resources of the National Iranian Gas Company and university professors, the interviews continued until the achievement of theoretical saturation, and the sample of the quantitative section includes 337 people based on the Cochran's formula. were chosen. The sampling method was qualitative in the qualitative part and stratified in the quantitative part randomly. In the qualitative part, the analysis of the interviews was performed using the content analysis method. The validity and reliability of the components were examined and Cronbach's alpha of all the above components was 0.7 and during it; The most important basic, organizing and comprehensive themes on the components of human resources empowerment and productivity were assessed in the National Iranian Gas Company. In a small part, through structural equation method, the accuracy of the research model was confirmed and it was found that the selection of concepts, dimensions and indicators is highly accurate in the National Iranian Gas Company and can be a suitable framework for compiling an eye document. Provide the size of the National Iranian Gas Company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - Designing a native talent management model in Iran's national gas industry
Abdoljavad khalili Abdolghalegh Gholami karamallah daneshfardToday, talent management has become an essential requirement for organizations, and most of our organizations agree on talent capital and manpower that creates a competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to design a native model of talent management in nationa MoreToday, talent management has become an essential requirement for organizations, and most of our organizations agree on talent capital and manpower that creates a competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to design a native model of talent management in national gas industries. In terms of purpose, this research is an exploratory research in the qualitative part and an explanatory research in the quantitative part and in terms of method; it is mixed (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative section, using Delphi technique, among 15 managers and talent management specialists in Fajr Jam gas refinery, and in the quantitative section, the model test was conducted with a survey approach. The statistical population in the quantitative section also includes all the employees of Fajr Jam refinery, a sample of which was estimated using a random stratified sampling method of 278 people based on Cochran's formula. Then, through a researcher-made questionnaire and using structural equation modeling approach, after the content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts, the convergence validity and reliability of the questionnaire were obtained based on Cranach’s alpha coefficient and combined reliability. The main floor was categorized. The findings of the quantitative section also confirmed talent management, including 10 dimensions of personal development, organizational strategy, recruitment, performance management, training, service compensation, discipline, political factors, labor supply, and government laws and regulations. Finally, according to the data obtained from qualitative and quantitative research, the native model of talent management was proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - Exploring Human Capital Management Model in WestOil and Gas Exploitation Company
Alireza pouraskari Hassan Rangriz Alireza Islambolchi Ali A sghari SaremThe purpose of this study is to investigate human capital management in the West Oil and Gas Exploitation Company. This research is an applied development in terms of purpose and quantitative in nature. The statistical population of the present study consists of officia MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate human capital management in the West Oil and Gas Exploitation Company. This research is an applied development in terms of purpose and quantitative in nature. The statistical population of the present study consists of official employees working in the West Oil and Gas Exploitation Company, whose number is equal to 985 people and 388 of them are available by non-probability method and a researcher-made questionnaire based on quality stage has been used. . The collected data were analyzed using specialized statistical software including SPSS25 and SmartPLS3 and structural equation modeling method. The findings of the present study showed that the identified causal factors have a significant relationship with human capital management in the West Oil and Gas Exploitation Company. Also, the relationship between human capital management and strategies, and strategies have a significant relationship with outcomes. The relationship between contextual and intervening factors and strategies has also been confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - Explain a model for evaluating supply chain sustainability in the oil and gas industry based on the structural equation model
amirreza keyghobadiThe concept of supply chain sustainability as a new and very influential discussion has recently attracted the attention of researchers in the field of supply chain management. This concept is of particular importance in the oil and gas industry due to its nature and th MoreThe concept of supply chain sustainability as a new and very influential discussion has recently attracted the attention of researchers in the field of supply chain management. This concept is of particular importance in the oil and gas industry due to its nature and the risks and risks of sustainability related to this industry, especially environmental hazards. In this regard, in this study we seek to explain the model of sustainable supply chain evaluation based on the structural equation model. The statistical population of the study is all companies active in the oil and gas industry, of which 252 companies were selected as a sample by available sampling method and finally 240 questionnaires were returned by acceptable method. The results of testing the hypotheses of this study using structural equations and LISREL software, indicated that the variables of external factors, commitment to sustainability and management readiness affect sustainable supply chain management in the oil and gas industry, also considering the analysis of the results The impact of these factors has also been compared, which could be a new achievement in the country's oil and gas industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - Designing a Product Development Process Model in Gas Refining Companies Based on Grounded Theory
Hooman Keshavarzi Sayed Javad Iranban Moghadeseh MohammadianIn today's rapidly changing technological and competitive world, industrial companies must develop new products. In this regard, the aim of this research is to provide a new product development model suitable for the conditions of gas refining companies. This research h MoreIn today's rapidly changing technological and competitive world, industrial companies must develop new products. In this regard, the aim of this research is to provide a new product development model suitable for the conditions of gas refining companies. This research has used the foundational data theory approach. The statistical population of this research is managers, heads of departments, and experts of the studied refining companies. After conducting 20 semi-structured interviews with experts, this research has modeled the model of the product development process based on the qualitative research strategy and using MAXQDA software. The findings showed that the causal conditions of product development, including the pressures caused by system policies, customer-oriented attitude, and internal organizational factors, lead to product development management. Land conditions include financial-economic, political, legal, technical-technological, governance, and investment considerations. Also, the intervening conditions include infrastructure, management characteristics, employee characteristics, and organizational structure. The main phenomenon is product development. Also, the strategies include forming a product development team, sifting ideas, marketing research, market measurement, speeding up the process of idea to action, the feasibility of production preparations, preparation of production preparations, accurate creativity, and adaptation of strategy horizontally and vertically. Finally, the expected outcomes of product development management include the timely presence of the product in the market and increased sales and exports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - Prognosis of Failure Time in Gas Turbines regarding multi time scales
Tahminre Ashouri Moghadam Rasool Noorossana Sadigh Raissi -
Open Access Article
395 - Assessing the reliability of dynamic systems for safety units recovering flare gas, considering covariates
Abolghasem Nobakhti Sadigh Raissi Kaveh Khalili Damghani Roya Soltani -
Open Access Article
396 - Using game theory approach to interpret stable policies for Iran’s oil and gas common resources conflicts with Iraq and Qatar
Maryam Esmaeili Aram Bahrini Sepideh Shayanrad -
Open Access Article
397 - Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Achilla millefolium and Salvia officinalis against human gastric Cancer cells
Omid Sofalian naser zare Saeed Latifi Sara Motalebinia Kobra HasanpourTreatment of cancer by medicinal plants has long been of interest to researchers. In the meantime, some plant species contain substances that, through apoptosis or necrosis, can inhibit or eliminate cancer cells. The family of mint and chicory are among the medicinal pl MoreTreatment of cancer by medicinal plants has long been of interest to researchers. In the meantime, some plant species contain substances that, through apoptosis or necrosis, can inhibit or eliminate cancer cells. The family of mint and chicory are among the medicinal plants that have many biological effects.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Pennyroyal and Artemisia extract on gastric cancer cell line (AGS).In this study, aerial parts of plants were extracted. AGS cells were treated with the concentrations of Hydroatanolic extract (50-1000 g / ml) at 24, 48 and 72 hours intervals. Cell motility was estimated using MTT method and the rate of induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry with The Annexin-V .The results of MTT assay showed strong and dependent inhibitors of the concentration of cancer cell proliferation by various extracts of Achillea and Salvia. These extracts have a doseand time dependent anti cancer effect on AGS cells. In the study of apoptosis in treated cells, the extract of the Pennyroyal was more effective. Due to the cytotoxic effects of hydrotanolic extracts on AGS cells, these plants can be used as potential option for further studies on cancer treatment. Therefore, the purification of the active ingredient in these extracts and the determination of their effect mechanism is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - Decision-Making Structure in the Domain of Gas, Procedures and Results
Mohammad Reza Tamri Faramarz Mirzazadeh Saeed Nariman Garineh Keshishyan Siraki -
Open Access Article
399 - Investigation on correlation between the content of palmitic acid methyl ester obtained by transesterification of natural rubber’s extracted lipids and cure characteristics of rubber compounds using gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy
Fereshteh Eildari Mercedeh Malekzadeh Mandana Saber Tehrani Fereshteh MotieeIn this research work, the correlations between the curing properties of natural rubber based compounds were investigated with the content of palmitic acid methyl ester obtained by transesterification of natural rubber’s extracted lipids. For this purpose, at the MoreIn this research work, the correlations between the curing properties of natural rubber based compounds were investigated with the content of palmitic acid methyl ester obtained by transesterification of natural rubber’s extracted lipids. For this purpose, at the first step the lipids in natural rubber were extracted and methyl esters derivatives were prepared. At the second step the obtained palmitic acid methyl esters from different natural rubbers were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Finally the correlations between the amount of palmitic acid methyl ester and curing properties of rubber compounds were investigated and linear models were obtained. These models were used for prediction of cure properties in a case study. The results showed that scorch time, optimum cure time and cure rate index can be predicted by less than 6% error and torque difference can be estimated by lower than 13% error. This new approach can be used to predict the cure properties of the compound before compounding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - Preparation of heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalysts based on reduced graphene oxide with nickel and cobalt particles and investigation of its activity in Heck and sonogashira cross-coupling reactions and 4-nitrophenol reduction
abdolreza abri forough matloubiToday catalysts are widely used in the production of various materials. Nano-catalysts according to their importance have become one of the most important areas for Nanotechnology research. Development of magnetic catalysts for carbon–carbon and carbon–heter MoreToday catalysts are widely used in the production of various materials. Nano-catalysts according to their importance have become one of the most important areas for Nanotechnology research. Development of magnetic catalysts for carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom coupling reactions are one of the most important issues in terms of applications to organic synthesis. At present, many researches are focused on the construction of more active and more stable, heterogeneous Nano-sized metal catalysts, which can be recovered and reused. Nickel and cobalt nanoparticles due to low prices, magnetic properties and high chemical activity attracted particular attention. In this work, nickel and cobalt nanoparticles were synthesized with a green and one-pot method on graphene oxide substrate for reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol, Heck and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. Several characterization techniques such as FTIR, FESEM, XRD, and VSM were employed to characterize the Co and Ni nanoparticle reduced graphene oxide composites witch indicates that nickel and cobalt magnetic particles with a size of about 20-30 nanometers were uniformly anchored on graphene oxide nanosheets. In addition, results showed that incorporation of Co and Ni nanoparticles and GO produce much higher activity in cross-coupling and reduction reactions. The soft-ferromagnetic behavior of the RGO/CoxNi100-x nanocomposite demonstrated the easy separable from the reaction mixture and reusable several times without losing its catalytic activity, Hence, the RGO/CoxNi100-x composites can be a potential promising material to catalyze the cross-coupling reactions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - Comparison of measurements of hydrocarbons of oily sludge: Elemental analysis in solid phase or gas chromatography in liquid phase
Yasser Hamidi seyed ahmad ataei Amir SarrafiIt is important to determine the exact amounts of hydrocarbons in the solid organic matter. In this research was conducted on the dredging of oily sludge from kerosene and gasoil reservoirs of Kerman oil depots. For this purpose, firstly, the amount of sludge hydrocarbo MoreIt is important to determine the exact amounts of hydrocarbons in the solid organic matter. In this research was conducted on the dredging of oily sludge from kerosene and gasoil reservoirs of Kerman oil depots. For this purpose, firstly, the amount of sludge hydrocarbons after extraction with organic solvents in the liquid phase was measured by gas chromatography (GC) method. The results were evaluated by CHNS elemental analysis test before and after the separation of sludge hydrocarbons in the solid phase. The results show that different organic solvents (normal hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, acetone and their combination) in different extraction methods (Soxhlet and Shaker methods) and under different conditions (temperature and number of extraction steps) could not separate the all hydrocarbons from oily sludge. As a result, the amount of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) of real samples reported from dissolution in the liquid phase in most studies is incomplete and their residual value in the solid phase should also be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - Oxidative Desulfurization of Gas Condensate by Molybdenum-Based Polyoxometalates
Zohre Taherkhani Mohammad Hasan Ghetmir Mahmood AndacheThe presence of sulfur compounds in gas condensate is one of the problems in the field of fuel. In this study, the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process of gas condensate of Ilam refinery was completely studied using molybdenum-based polyoxometalates catalyst. The cat MoreThe presence of sulfur compounds in gas condensate is one of the problems in the field of fuel. In this study, the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process of gas condensate of Ilam refinery was completely studied using molybdenum-based polyoxometalates catalyst. The catalyst was synthesized using a simple method and characterized by FTIR and BET tests. The ODS catalytic activity of gas condensate with total sulfur of 3780 ppm was evaluated in the presence of peroxide hydrogen. The effect of catalyst amount, oxidizing agent amount and operating parameters including temperature, time and type of extraction solvent was investigated on the efficiency of ODS process and solvent effectiveness factor. The results showed that the highest conversion and effectiveness factor were 97.4 % and 8.11, respectively under optimal conditions of catalyst amount of 0.02 wt.% relative to the condensate, the oxidizing agent amount of 6.64 wt.%, temperature of 70 °C and reaction time of 3 h in the presence of dimethylformamide solvent. At this condition, the total sulfur content of the gas condensate reduced from 3780 to 100 ppm. The results showed that the efficiency of ODS process is firstly increased by increasing the temperature and catalyst molar ratio, and then the inverse trend is observed. It was concluded that the reaction time had a positive effect on ODS efficiency. Also, the kinetics and mechanism of ODS reaction were discussed and the mean constant desulfurization rate of ODS was obtained to be 0.022 min-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - Low temperature ethanol vapor sensor based on H-CeO2/Fe nanocomposite:Ultra-sensitive, selective and repeatable performance
elnaz yousefian susan samadi Khadijeh Kalateh mohammad yousefi Ali ParsaIn this paper, hollow-CeO2/Fe (H-CeO2/Fe) nanocomposite was synthesized by hydrothermal assisted sol-gel method and the sensitivity of this gas sensor to ethanol, 2-propanol, and methanol was investigated. The structural properties and morphology of H-CeO2/Fe nanocompos MoreIn this paper, hollow-CeO2/Fe (H-CeO2/Fe) nanocomposite was synthesized by hydrothermal assisted sol-gel method and the sensitivity of this gas sensor to ethanol, 2-propanol, and methanol was investigated. The structural properties and morphology of H-CeO2/Fe nanocomposite were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), BET, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized sensor sensitivity to ethanol was higher than the other volatile organic compounds at 29 °C and relative humidity (RH) of 45%. The sensitivity, reproducibility, response, and recovery times as performance characteristics and relative standard deviation (RSD), limit of detection (LOD), and determination coefficient were also evaluated. The results showed that the H-CeO2/Fe sensor could be used to quantitative and qualitative analysis of ethanol. The response mechanism of the sensor to ethanol was also discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - Determination of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions of ethane and propane gas hydrates using a direct and fast empirical method
Akbar Irandoukht hosein BrijanianIn this article, a direct and fast method was developed for determination of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. The thermodynamic equilibrium pressure for ethane hydrate formation at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 °C and for propane hydrate formation at 2, 4 and 5 &d MoreIn this article, a direct and fast method was developed for determination of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. The thermodynamic equilibrium pressure for ethane hydrate formation at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 °C and for propane hydrate formation at 2, 4 and 5 °C were experimentally determined. Comparison of the obtained data for ethane hydrate pressure to that of Deaton-Frost and also to those predicted by AQUAlibrium software showed the average absolute deviation percent of 4.56, 4.79, and 3.27, respectively. In addition, comparison of the obtained data for propane hydrae pressure to that of Deaton-Frost and HWU software, showed the average absolute deviation percent of 10.17, and 13.31, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - A review on modern odorants for natural gas: Structural investigation, synthesis methods, and applications
Nahal Majdodin Sahar Baniyaghoob کامبیز تحویلداری امیر وحیدImproving safety and increasing efficiency of utilization of natural gas is very important issue due to its wide use as one of the main energy sources for industry and home consumers all around the world. On the other hand, utilization of this clean fossil energy is too MoreImproving safety and increasing efficiency of utilization of natural gas is very important issue due to its wide use as one of the main energy sources for industry and home consumers all around the world. On the other hand, utilization of this clean fossil energy is too risky without considering safety cautions regarding gas leakage, explosion, and flammability. Due to the above mentioned facts and to overcome the problems, it is vital to inject proper compounds to natural gas to make it easily detectable by any person. So far, various types of compounds as "odorant" have been formulated and produced to inject to natural gas. In case of gas leakage, these compounds at low concentration are easily detectable by any person, due to their specific and pungent stink odor. Odorants are classified into classical and modern categories. In this article, a comprehensive study on different aspects of modern natural gas odorants and their odorization process has been performed. In addition, with studying basic chemistry and history of these compounds, the most important properties of odorants have been presented in order to help to recognize the most proper odorant for a specific application and its synthesis methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
406 - Optimizing oxidative desulfurization of diesel of Tehran Refinery using acid catalysts in the presence of hydrogen peroxide
mahsa khorshidnia Amir Farshi Manocher BahmaeiIn this research, desulfurization of diesel from Tehran Refinery was investigated by oxidation method. To investigate this process, the performance of different advanced oxidation systems (acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide, formic acid/hydrogen peroxide) along with acetonit MoreIn this research, desulfurization of diesel from Tehran Refinery was investigated by oxidation method. To investigate this process, the performance of different advanced oxidation systems (acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide, formic acid/hydrogen peroxide) along with acetonitrile extraction were investigated for desulfurization of diesel fuel with 13370 ppm primary sulfur in a discontinuous reactor. The effect of different operating factors such as molar ratio of acid to sulfur (nacid/ns) (15, 20, and 25), molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide (oxidant) to sulfur (no/ns) (5, 10, and 15), temperature and also reaction time were investigated. Many tests showed that in the optimal conditions for removing sulfur from gas oil with the acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide system, the amount of sulfur reached to 9130 ppm with an efficiency of 31%, and with the formic acid/hydrogen peroxide system, the amount of sulfur reached to 2500 ppm with an efficiency of 81%. Also, the examination of the experiments confirmed this point that it is not possible to completely remove the sulfur from heavy oil fractions such as diesel with normal oxidative desulfurization methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - Study of SnO/graphene and SnO/Bamboo charcoal nanocomposites sensors for ethanol sensing
roya nayebi Abdollah Fallah Shojaei Seyed Mohsen Hosseini-GolgooIn this Research, tin(II) oxide doped with graphene (SnO /graphene) nanocomposite was synthesized by hydrothermal method. Structural characteristics of the nanocomposites were studied using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) scanning ele MoreIn this Research, tin(II) oxide doped with graphene (SnO /graphene) nanocomposite was synthesized by hydrothermal method. Structural characteristics of the nanocomposites were studied using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), to confirm possible interactions which may have formed between the nanocomposites. Then, SnO /graphene nanocomposite was used as a sensitive and active layer for preparing a gas sensor for ethanol gas sensing. To optimize the condition and function of the sensor, the sensitivity and response of the nanocomposite at working temperature were investigated and important parameters such as response time, recovery time, and selectivity were determined. At the working temperature also at operating temperature, the sensor showed a sensitivity of about 12 times the concentration of 200 ppm and its response time was significantly lower. In addition, the SnO /graphene sensor had good selectivity over the target gas compared to other gases such as methanol, phenylethyl alcohol, acetone, n-hexane, etc. Due to the properties of bamboo charcoal and specific surface properties and its porosity structure, tin (II) oxide doped with bamboo charcoal (SnO/Bamboo charcoal) nanocomposite synthesis, this sensor was also studied. SnO/Bamboo charcoal nanocomposite showed a significant sensitivity to the low concentration of ethanol at 10 ppm which is better than the sensitivity and detection limit compared to SnO /graphene sensor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - Evaluation of hot coating method to make the composite ceramic membran
شهرام قنبری پاکدهی الهام رحیمی کوروش شفیعیThe use of membrane has very specific role in the separation processes such as gas separation and dehydration of the azeotropic feed. The most important step in any membrane process is selection of the membrane material and its fabrication. The ceramic membrane has been MoreThe use of membrane has very specific role in the separation processes such as gas separation and dehydration of the azeotropic feed. The most important step in any membrane process is selection of the membrane material and its fabrication. The ceramic membrane has been more attracted due to sufficient strength, thermal, and chemical stabilities. The ceramic membrane is a composite membrane containing three layers. The first layer is a macroporous support, the second layer is a mesoporous support, and the third layer is silica with micropores which plays a key role in the separation process. Therefore, the quality and uniformity of the third layer is so important that increases directly the efficiency of the separation process. In this article, a method has been presented in which the defects of silica are reduced. In this method, known as hot-coating, the support was heated before all usual coating. Reduction in gaps or defects and increase in continuity or uniformity of the silica layer was observed from SEM analysis. On the other hand, comparing the results of gas permeability test through hot coating and usual coting revealed that the exit gas flow rate was reduced significantly in hot coating. According to reduction in thickness of the silica layer, the decrease in exit gas flux is attributed to increase in continuity and reduce in defects of the layer. So, the continuous or uniform silica layer is obtainable via hot coating through fewer coating steps than usual coating Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - Preconcentration and measurement of fenitrothion in water and vegetable samples using ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction based on applying low-density organic solvent
Faezeh Khalilian Mohammad RezaeeInsecticides can remain in the food products after using, and spread in the environment, surface soil and underground water. The existence of insecticides remainder in the food products is one of the most important concerns for consumers. They have undesirable effects t MoreInsecticides can remain in the food products after using, and spread in the environment, surface soil and underground water. The existence of insecticides remainder in the food products is one of the most important concerns for consumers. They have undesirable effects to human health during a long time. In this research, simple and efficient ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) method was successfully developed based on applying low density organic solvents for the extraction and determination of fenitrothion insecticide in vegetable and water samples. Several factors influencing the extraction such as type and volume of extraction solvent, temperature, ionic strength and centrifugation time were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration ranges was from 2.0 to 100 µg L-1 in water sample and was range from 0.02 to 20 mg kg-1 in plant. The applicability of the proposed method was successfully evaluated by the extraction and determination of fenitrothion from some natural vegetable and water samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - Application of calibration transfer method exploiting multivariate standardization for detection and quantification of parabens in aquatic environments using gas-mass spectrometry chromatography
Maryam Vosough Maryam Torbati Kourosh Tabar HeydarParabens are widely used as preservatives in pharmaceuticals, food, and personal care products. Solid phase extraction (SPE) is one of the most frequently used methods for monitoring parabens in aqueous samples. However, SPE is a costly and time consuming method. In thi MoreParabens are widely used as preservatives in pharmaceuticals, food, and personal care products. Solid phase extraction (SPE) is one of the most frequently used methods for monitoring parabens in aqueous samples. However, SPE is a costly and time consuming method. In this study, the application of piecewise direct standardization (PDS) method for transfer of direct calibration of gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data to SPE-based calibration and quantification of methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl parben derivatives in aqueous environmental samples has been evaluated. In this method, at first, a multivariate model is constructed using different chromatographic regions based on only two subsets of direct and extracted calibration data, and then a transformation matrix is obtained, which in the next step it can correct all direct calibration samples to be matched with SPE-based data. Modeling validation was confirmed using altrernating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) method, and the recovery values were 81-106% and the mean relative prediction error was 2.1-6.4% for validation samples. Finally, modified direct calibration samples were used to detect and predict pollutants (at low µg/l values) in several real water samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - Dynamic Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Iran
Maryam Khoshnevis Asma Shiri Azam ShiriThe relationship between causation of energy use and economic growth is one of the important issues of energy economy, which has been studied extensively. However, previous studies in Iran have ignored the nonlinear behavior of these two variables, which can be as a res MoreThe relationship between causation of energy use and economic growth is one of the important issues of energy economy, which has been studied extensively. However, previous studies in Iran have ignored the nonlinear behavior of these two variables, which can be as a result of structural failures. In this research, the self-monitoring regression model of time parameters with probability fluctuations (TVP-VAR) is used to determine the inter-annual dynamics between the real GDP of Iran (oil, non-oil), electricity consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions in 1972-2014. The results show that the TVP-VAR model is used to study the dynamic relationship between power consumption, real GDP, and greenhouse emissions. In addition, analyzing the successive responses of GDP time, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions to structural shocks suggests that these responses depend on the severity of GDP structural fluctuations, power consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, the existence of a one-way non-linear relationship has led to economic growth as a result of energy use. This finding means that decision-makers should consider the fluctuations of real GDP, electric shock, greenhouse gas emissions, and the relationship between time-varying patterns of Real GDP, consumption electricity and emissions of greenhouse gases when deciding on energy policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - Application of Multi criteria decision making methods in studies of environmental hazards in Shadegan Wetland
S. A. Jozi Saffarian Sh.There are wetlands and water zoning with unique features such as Shadegan wetland which is considered a national treasure, but unfortunately this ecosystem , includs many of today risks resulting from human activities considering the important of Shadegan Wetland the pr MoreThere are wetlands and water zoning with unique features such as Shadegan wetland which is considered a national treasure, but unfortunately this ecosystem , includs many of today risks resulting from human activities considering the important of Shadegan Wetland the present study aimed to determine major environmental risks (the most important environmental important acceptor Abadan gas turbine power plant) and their impact on wetlands Shadegan. As a case study, a questionnaire was prepared in Delphi method and handed to some of the elite and power industry and environmental experts.In this study, to analysis environmental risks Abadan gas power plant on the Shadegan wetland methods of multiple criteria decision making and TOPSIS eigenvector were used. For this purpose, after prioritizing risks of each environment separately using TOPSIS, a one-way ANOVA was used and priority of environmental risk acceptor Abadan gas power plant in the wetland was determined. Results of calculated risk Abadan gas power plant showed that in biological had a physical, chemical and cultural environments the effects on air quality had 0.918 weight, the effect on plant and animal population had a weight of 0.866 and view and landscapes had a weight of 0.796 are The most important risks affecting power plant activity on wetland. More solutions to control and reduce the risks identified for sensitive wetland ecosystem and wildlife shelterd Shadegan. Some of these solutions are: variability of activities within the enclosed invironment, the creation and development of green space using consistent species with the environment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - Cesium biosorption from aqueous solutions using Sargasum modified algae, equilibrium and kinetics
H. Taherzadeh M. آ. Khani -
Open Access Article
414 - A study on effects of isoflavones of Soya oil on growth and maturation of Oocytes of unmature female three-spot Gourami(Trichogaster trichopterus)
T. Naji H. Hosseinzadeh Sahafi M. K. Jazebizadeh Z. SamariThe effects of Soya oil isoflavones on growth and maturation of Oocytes in unmature Trichogaster trichopterus female is studied. After declorization of aquarium water, unmature female fish specimens with weight of 1.5- 2.5 g were placed in water. The experiments were do MoreThe effects of Soya oil isoflavones on growth and maturation of Oocytes in unmature Trichogaster trichopterus female is studied. After declorization of aquarium water, unmature female fish specimens with weight of 1.5- 2.5 g were placed in water. The experiments were done in seven treatment (two control treatment and five main treatment),each treatment invoved 10 fish specimens. Main fish treatments received 5 doses of Soya oil with 10, 20, 30, 40 & 50 µg/kg. Injection were intra muscular under dorsal fin of fishes. Seven days after injection fish specimens were kiled, their ovaries were removed and fixed in10% formalin. The routine procedures of preparation of tissue were fpllowed and the paraffin bloks were cut at 5-7 micros, stained with H&E. Then, the mean of gonadosomatic index, frequency percentage of matured and unmatured ovaries, the mean of small and big diameter of mature and unmatured ovaries and histological structures of ovary were compared with control treatments,gonadosomatic index in controls were 5.7% and in the fifth treatment it was 6.7% .Also with increased dose ,frequency percentage of matured and diameter of mature ovaries increased. Results showed the application of Soya oil isoflavones can induce final maturation in Three spot gourami and most effective was more doses of Soya oil (p<0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - Growth of Sargassum boveanum (Fucales, Phaeophyta) under variations of temperature, photoperiod and irradiance in laboratory conditions
F. Rafiee A. Esmaieli H. KermanshahiSargassum is one of the main sources of alginate, the substance with many commercial uses. The species Sargassum boveanum is an edible algae and study of effect of environmental factors on its growth is a step towards is culture. Therefore, growth of Sargassum boveanum MoreSargassum is one of the main sources of alginate, the substance with many commercial uses. The species Sargassum boveanum is an edible algae and study of effect of environmental factors on its growth is a step towards is culture. Therefore, growth of Sargassum boveanum under various temperature, irradiance and photoperiod was studied over 6 weeks under laboratory condition. The macroalgae was collected from coasts of Lengeh in June 2011. For each treatment, the algae were inoculated into 20 liters of water aquariums with diameters of 60×30×40 cm. The suspension method used for culture of algae. .The culture conducted at 4700 lux for irradiance, 25Co for temperature ,35PPT for salinity and 12:12 hour (light: dark) photoperiod. The treatments were: temperature (15, 20 and 25oC), photoperiod (12:12, 14:10 and 16:8, light: dark, respectively) and photon irradiances (4700, 5700, 6700 lux). All treatments (tanks) were carried out in triplicates. The length and weight of the thalli were measured on 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. The results of this study showed significant differences on growth of S. boveanum between treatments. Maximum relative growth rate was obtained at 12:12 hour photoperiod (% 4/32), 25Co (% 2.68) and 4700 lux (% 4.32) that proved to be suitable for indoor culture. We recommend spring as the best season for mariculture this alga. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - Identification of fatty acid contents and study the effects of environmental factors on their seasonal variations in two dominant gastropods of Chabahar bay
N. Sajjadi P. EghtesadiFatty acid contents and their seasonal variations studied in Nerita textilis and Turbo coronatus, two dominant gastropods of Chabahar bay, in the South east of Iran and northern part of Oman Sea in Indian Ocean. This area provides high rates of primary productivity and MoreFatty acid contents and their seasonal variations studied in Nerita textilis and Turbo coronatus, two dominant gastropods of Chabahar bay, in the South east of Iran and northern part of Oman Sea in Indian Ocean. This area provides high rates of primary productivity and so a diverse food source for mollusks. Environmental factors, including temperature, chlorophyll a and salinity measured monthly and their effects on fatty acids variations considered by statistical analysis. By Gas Chromatography twelve and fifteen fatty acids identified in Nerita textilis andTurbo coronatus, respectively. Unsaturated fatty acids dominated over saturated ones in Nerita textilis and oleic acid was the major fatty acid, while saturated fatty acids were dominants in Turbo coronatus and the major fatty acid was palmitic acid. Statistical analysis showed correlation of oleic acid with temperature, gadoleic acid with chlorophyll a and margaric acid with salinity in Nerita textilis , while salinity was the only environmental factor which showed correlation with lignoceric acid in Turbo coronatus . In conclusion it could be finding that the fatty acid contents might be different and also, there could be different effects of environmental factors on fatty acid variations in two species of a class in a common habitat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - Identification of fatty acids composition in fresh and frozen silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) for determination of its shelf life at -18ْc
A. R. Najafi N. BeheshtisereshtIn this work, after extraction and methylation of the lipids form silver carp tissues in fresh and frozen stages and their changes during 6 months in -18°C, identification of fatty acids of the samples were done by gas chromatography (Shymatsv HSSA4). Results of thi MoreIn this work, after extraction and methylation of the lipids form silver carp tissues in fresh and frozen stages and their changes during 6 months in -18°C, identification of fatty acids of the samples were done by gas chromatography (Shymatsv HSSA4). Results of this investigation showed that amounts of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in fresh samples were 70/95% and 28/95% respectively. In fresh tissues the amount of oleic acid was 30/16%, and Iino leice amount was 11/44%. Alpfa – lino lenice acide was 4/41%, Gcosapanethanoic was 6/42% and docosa hexanoic was 6/15%. These were the most important poly-saturated fatty acids. But after six months of freezing at -18° c the amounts of these fatty acids decreased to 10/02%, 3/18%, 2/97%, 1/05% and 1/02% respectively. Results showed a decrease in freezing condition of fatty acids. Based on these results, the best storage for frozen fish in -18°C is four months. These results were subjected to tests of Tukey and Analysis of Variance and were significant at the level of 95%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - Effects of Sargassum illicifolium algae feeding on IgM level and lysozyme activity in Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss)
N. zamannejad H. Emadi O. Hosseinzade SahafiMain purpose of this research was to study the effects of Sargassum illicifolium on immunoglobulin levels, lysozyme activity of Rainbow trout. Blood levels of immunoglobulin, lysozyme activity of the fish were investigated. Totally 360 Rainbow trout specimens (75± MoreMain purpose of this research was to study the effects of Sargassum illicifolium on immunoglobulin levels, lysozyme activity of Rainbow trout. Blood levels of immunoglobulin, lysozyme activity of the fish were investigated. Totally 360 Rainbow trout specimens (75±10g )were divided in four groups and were fed with diets containing 0, 5, 7.5 and 10 g of pure dried Sargassum in each kilogram of food respectively, for a period of two months. At the end of the second month of culture, blood samples were taken from 12 fish (3 fish from each group), and sent to the laboratory for analysis. Results indicated that levels of IgM and lysozyme activity in the blood plasma of fish fed with Sargassum illicifolium showed significant statistical differences (P<0.05) with control group. The obtained results, indicate that Sargassum, containing beta carotene, has favorable effects on immunology, resistance and growth of rainbow trout. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - Study on RLG and GaSI of Atherina boyeri in Bishekola-Babolsar region,Caspian Sea
M. Aleali Daryani A. Aleali Daryani M. SalehiFrom autumn 2007 to summer 2008 gut content and some food indices such as relative gut length, fullness index and food occurance were analysed in 342 specimens of Atherina boyeri with local name of Shishemahi in Mazandaran province (Bitween Bishekolah to Bab MoreFrom autumn 2007 to summer 2008 gut content and some food indices such as relative gut length, fullness index and food occurance were analysed in 342 specimens of Atherina boyeri with local name of Shishemahi in Mazandaran province (Bitween Bishekolah to Babolsar) summer specimens were caught with small mesh beach seine and other Specimens were caught through seasonal sampling as a by catch in beach seen (Parreh).The average size of the fish caught was 99.68±11.23and the average weight was 5.77±2.13Mean value for relative length gut were calculated .46±.10 Relative length gut mean value in summer was 0.32and had high significant difference with this value in other season (P> 0.05). Between females and specimens with non-identical sex, this index show also significant difference (p<0.05). Mean value for fullness index was calculated 4.1±1.56.fullness index values between seasons were significantly different (P>0.05), but this index did not show any significant difference between different sexes (P≥0.05) n> بین جنسیت های مختلف و در آزمون T-test بین دو جنس نر و ماده تفاوت معنی داری نشان نداد( 05/0≤P) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - تجزیه و تحلیل ترمودینامیکی سیستم Trigeneration مبتنی بر موتور احتراق داخلی با سیستم برودتی اجکتور بخار
م. نجفی ب. لیراوی نیا -
Open Access Article
421 - طراحی و تجزیه تحلیل تجربی سیستم های Aircraft Air Distribution
محمدرضا افقری محمد ابوالحسنی مقدم علی ضیایی -
Open Access Article
422 - نیرو مجدد به عنوان یک فناوری رقابتی برای به روزرسانی نیروگاه های موجود
محمدرضا شاه نظری -
Open Access Article
423 - انتخاب تکنولوژی بازیافت گازهای پالایشگاه های گاز با در نظر گرفتن شرایط دینامیک عملیات
ابوالقاسم نوبختی صدیق رئیسی کاوه خلیلی دامغانی رویا سلطانیسوزاندن گازهای نامرغوب در پالایشگاه ها سبب آلودگی زیست محیطی با ترکیبات نیتروژن و گوگرد و گازهای گلخانه ای و هیدروکربن های نسوخته می شود و با تلفات انرژی حرارتی همراه است. حفظ محیط زیست و تعهد به پیمان های جهانی سبب شده است تا انتخاب یکی از دو تکنولوژی رایج هدف تحقیق حا Moreسوزاندن گازهای نامرغوب در پالایشگاه ها سبب آلودگی زیست محیطی با ترکیبات نیتروژن و گوگرد و گازهای گلخانه ای و هیدروکربن های نسوخته می شود و با تلفات انرژی حرارتی همراه است. حفظ محیط زیست و تعهد به پیمان های جهانی سبب شده است تا انتخاب یکی از دو تکنولوژی رایج هدف تحقیق حاضر شود تا گزینه ای معرفی شود که با کمترین از کارافتادگی، سبب بیشینه حفاظت از محیط زیست شود. چالش اصلی در انجام این تحقیق وابستگی از کارافتادگی گزینه ها به شرایط عملیاتی فشار و درجه حرارت و نبود اطلاعات تجربی ناشی از عدم تجربه عملی به کارگیری آنها است. برای این منظور، از روش آنالیز درخت خطا برای تعیین سناریوهای از کارافتادگی هر گزینه در حالت های مختلف استفاده شده و با بهره گیری از روش استنتاج فازی احتمال عدم از کارافتادگی هر تکنولوژی محاسبه شده است. همچنین این پژوهش حدود استانداردی را برای مقادیر فشار و دما مشخص می کند که به مهندسین طراح این امکان را می دهد تا تصمیمی در مورد طراحی مجدد یا تحت کنترل درآوردن فشار و دما اتخاذ کنند. اطلاعات مورد نیاز این پژوهش از یکی از پالایشگاههای جنوب کشور استخراج شده است. نتایج نشان داد که گزینه سیستم سیل درام به طور متوسط 8 درصد نسبت به سیستم شیر سریع مناسب تر عمل می کند و می تواند تحت سناریوهای بحرانی فشار و دما بعتر عمل کند و به عنوان گزینه برتر برای فلرینگ معرفی شده است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - Robust Participation of Energy Production Companies in the Coupled Gas and Electricity Market Based on Energy Management Strategy
Ali Asghar Baziar Taher Niknam Mohsen Simab -
Open Access Article
425 - The association between IL-27 gene polymorphism (-964 A/G) and clinical outcome due to infection with Helicobacter pylori
Elham Moazamian Manuchehr Rasouli Sadaf AsaeiBackground & Objectives: Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common pathogen bacteria in human being. Almost half of the population of the world are infected with this bacteria, and it has been known an important factor in gastrointestinal diseases such as; chron MoreBackground & Objectives: Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common pathogen bacteria in human being. Almost half of the population of the world are infected with this bacteria, and it has been known an important factor in gastrointestinal diseases such as; chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. Interleukin-27 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed by a novel subset of CD4+ Th cells, and it causes the occurrence and strengthening the inflammatory response. This study was aimed to analysis of association between IL-27 polymorphisms and clinical outcomes due to infection with H. pylori. Materials & Methods: A case-control study has been performed on 434 people 149 patient cases (100 gastritis and 49 ulcerative gastritis), 58 gastritis cases but H. pylori negative and 227 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotypes of IL-27 (-964 A/G) polymorphism were assessed through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Finally the results were compared between these patient and control groups. Results: The frequency of A allele was higher in gastric patients (78.5%) in comparison with the control group (75.6%). However, these differences were not significant. In addition, the distributions of genotypes were not significantly different between the study groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that IL-27 (rs964 A/G) polymorphism gene is not directly involved as a genetic risk factor in the predisposition to H. pylori. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of indigenous oil-degrading bacteria from soil of Karoon area in Ahvaz
Mohammad Hossein Arash Assadirad Mahnaz Mazaher Asadi Hamid Rashedi Taher Nejadsattari Background & Objectives: Bioremediation is the promising technology for the treatment of the contaminated sites since it is cost-effective and will lead to complete mineralization. This study was aimed to isolation and phylogenetic identification of indigeno More Background & Objectives: Bioremediation is the promising technology for the treatment of the contaminated sites since it is cost-effective and will lead to complete mineralization. This study was aimed to isolation and phylogenetic identification of indigenous oil-degrading bacteria from soil of Karoon area in Ahvaz. Materials & Methods: The crude oil contaminated soil of Karoon area in Ahvaz was sampled accidentally and under sterile condition. The amount of absorbable phosphorus was determined using Olson method and also, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen by CHN meter device. Mineral salt medium containing 2% crude oil was used for isolation of oil eating bacteria. Following sieving the soil samples, the total carbon content of the soils were analysed by gas chromatography. Biochemical tests and PCR method were used to identify the dominant bacteria. Results: In this study, 44 bacterial strains were isolated, among them 20 isolates in the first and one in the second screening methods were selected, which was nominated as S31.This strain belonged to Bacillus licheniformis. The growth of the selected isolate in the media with 2% crude oil was better than the standard strain and remediated 84% of the crude oil in 30 days incubation time at about 30o C. Conclusion: The selected Bacillus could use 2% of crude oil as source of carbon and energy and we suggest further studies on this bacterium in bacterial consortia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - Biodegradation of thiophenic contaminants by the consortium isolated from Fars province
Fatemeh Davoodi Dehaghani Mohammad Barshan-tashniziBackground & Objectives: Today, soils and waters polluted by petroleum compounds are major environmental problems. A major part of the harmful effects of oil is due to thiophenic compounds such as dibenzothiophene and other sulfur derivatives, with increasing eviden MoreBackground & Objectives: Today, soils and waters polluted by petroleum compounds are major environmental problems. A major part of the harmful effects of oil is due to thiophenic compounds such as dibenzothiophene and other sulfur derivatives, with increasing evidence of toxicity, carcinogenicity and their relative sustainability in nature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of biodegradation of these pollutants by microorganisms that have spread over the years in the presence of gas oil.Materials & Methods: In order to study the feasibility of dibenzothiophene usage by isolated microbial consortia, firstly, appropriate growth medium with dibenzothiophene as the sole sulfur source was made and the biomass of the microorganisms was chased for 10 days. In order to estimate the metabolic degenerative pathway of this compound, 2-Hydroxybiphenyl was tracked in the selective consortium growth medium. Finally, the effect of the consortium on thiophene, 2-methylthiophene and thiophene-2-carboxylic acid was investigated, as well.Results: Increasing biomass and eliminating dibenzothiophene in the presence of a microbial consortium and the absence of 2-Hydroxybiphenyl showed the consortium's ability to degrade this compound, but with a biochemical pathway other than 4S. The consortium was able to take thiophene and 2-methylthiophene, as well.Conclusion: The biodegradation activity and the scope of the substrates in comparison with conventional microorganisms suggest this consortium as a valuable biocatalyst for the decontamination of thiophenic contaminants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - The effect of Sargassum muticum hot water and ethanolic extracts on intestinal microbiota in obese male rats
vahideh zarrin tahereh talaei mohamadreza taherizadeh Nader TanidehBackground & Objectives: Intestinal microbiota plays a key role in the overall function of the host, including host metabolism and obesity. In addition, due to their high fiber content, seaweed can regulate the intestinal microbial flora by stimulating the growth of MoreBackground & Objectives: Intestinal microbiota plays a key role in the overall function of the host, including host metabolism and obesity. In addition, due to their high fiber content, seaweed can regulate the intestinal microbial flora by stimulating the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting the growth of harmful species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Sargassum muticum on the intestinal microbial flora in obese rats.Materials & Methods: Rats were fed with hot water (HW) and ethanolic(E) extracts of Sargassum muticum for 8 weeks, then intestinal microorganisms were analyzed through 16S) rRNA sequencing in all groups.Results: The distribution ratio of intestinal microorganisms showed that Bacteroides and Firmicutes are the dominant phyla in the intestine of rats. Analysis of microorganisms showed that obesity-related bacteria decreased and slimming-related genus increased in all treated groups. Clostridium was the predominant genus with pathogenic potential and Lactobacillus was the predominant genus in the lactic acid group. In addition, seaweed-extracts-feeding obese mice had weight loss and reduced food intake compared with the obese control group.Conclusion: Our results show that the consumption of Sargassum muticum seaweed in the daily diet can balance the intestinal microbiota and also due to its high fiber, these seaweeds can cause weight loss in mice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - Isolation of fluorene degrading microorganisms from sediments of the Southern Caspian Sea Coasts and evaluation of their bioremediation potential
Ehteram Sadat Rahimi Jamshid Fooladi gholamhossein ebrahimipour Mohammad Reza Soudi Tayebeh FooladiBackground and Objectives: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are one of the most important environmental pollutants. Bioremediation using microorganisms is a cost-effective and safe method for the removal or conversion of these pollutants to less toxic substances. This s MoreBackground and Objectives: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are one of the most important environmental pollutants. Bioremediation using microorganisms is a cost-effective and safe method for the removal or conversion of these pollutants to less toxic substances. This study aimed to isolate and introduce fluorene-degrading microorganisms from the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Materials and Methods: The mixed microbial culture enrichment and isolation was done in salt-based culture medium containing fluorene. The qualitative analysis of fluorene degradation in the solid basal salt medium was investigated. The rate of fluorene removal by the isolated mixed microbial culture was also determined using gas chromatography in a liquid salt base medium. The molecular identification of the fungal and bacterial isolates was performed using the sequential analysis of the ITS protected region and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively. Results: The mixed microbial culture including bacterial isolates (belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, Acromobacter, Chryseobacterium, Microbacterium, and Rhodococcus) and fungal isolate (belonging to the genus Fusarium) was enriched and isolated. Chromatographic analysis showed that the mixed microbial culture was able to degrade 87% of fluorene (200 mg / l ) in a basal salt medium at 30 °C, pH 7 and 7 days of incubation. Conclusion: According to the results, the mixed microbial can remove a large amount of fluorene from the basal salt medium under the mentioned conditions and it is possible that under a similar situation, it can remove a large amount of fluorene from the contaminated area through bioremediation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - The interaction between Helicobacter pylori and autophagy: A putative mechanism involved in gastric carcinogenesis
Marzieh Esmaeilzadeh Abbas Yadegar Farshid Kafilzadeh Mohammad Kargar Hamid Asadzadeh AghdaeiHelicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the gastric tissue of more than half of the world's population and is the major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. H. pylori is the most common bacterial pathogen in humans, and there MoreHelicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the gastric tissue of more than half of the world's population and is the major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. H. pylori is the most common bacterial pathogen in humans, and there is a significant association between H. pylori infection and gastric cancer. Autophagy is a protective process used by eukaryotic cells to maintain cell homeostasis and defend against the attack of pathogenic microbes. H. pylori can induce autophagy in epithelial cells of the stomach and professional phagocytes such as macrophages and dendritic cells. Tumor inhibitory proteins including phosphatases, PTEN, P53, and retinoblastoma protein have a positive effect on autophagy regulation. In comparison, oncogenic products such as BCL-2 and AKT/TOR pathways play an inhibitory role on autophagy. However, the relationship between regulation of autophagy and tumorigenesis is still unclear. During H. pylori infection and after the induction of autophagy, the bacterium can escape this process by downregulation of autophagy-related proteins, and/or use the autophagosome as a suitable niche for intracellular survival. In addition, autophagy can cause cell survival or cell death through the gastric cancer process. In conclusion, the role of H. pylori infection in induction or inhibition of autophagy process, and its impact on gastric carcinogenic related pathways are a matter of controversy, which need further studies to understand the interactions between the microbe and autophagy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - Isolation and molecular identification of Rhodotorula musilaginosa and its potential for applications in biodiesel production
Marjan Enshaeieh Azadeh Abdoli Iraj Nahvi Mahbobeh MadaniBackground and Objectives: Microbial lipid composition is similar to the oil obtained from plants and animals. Although vegetable oils were originally used for producing biodiesel, high costs of the process encouraged industries to use microbial lipids as biodiese MoreBackground and Objectives: Microbial lipid composition is similar to the oil obtained from plants and animals. Although vegetable oils were originally used for producing biodiesel, high costs of the process encouraged industries to use microbial lipids as biodiesel sources. This study was conducted to isolate yeast strains with high lipid productivity, to optimize the extraction process of produced lipid and to convert the lipids to biodiesel. Materials and Methods: In this study, after isolation of the yeast Rhodotorula, the productivity of microbial lipid in nitrogen limited condition, rice straw and wheat bran hydrolyzate was evaluated. The products were analyzed based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry technique (GC-MS). The lipid production was optimized by two techniques (one factorial and Taguchi method) and the results were compared. At the end, the yeast strain was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Results: The strain isolated from this study was identified as Rhodotorula musilaginosa. The strain had high lipid production and dry biomass of 10.97 g/l and 18.84 g/l in optimized conditions, respectively. The highest fatty acids were Palmitic acid (18.51%) and Oleic acid (67.29%). Conclusion: The results obtained in this study indicate that there are valuable native strains in our country that they can be used in different industries , especially biodiesel production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Isolation and identification of microflora of farm ponds and gastrointestinal tract of western white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) beside their evaluation as probiotic
Mina Ziarati Mehran Avakh Keysami Farshid KafilzadehBackground and Objectives: Nowadays, Shrimp culture has been prevailed in most of tropical countries; however, a variety of diseases have currently affected the business worldwide. Infectious bacterial agents are the most significant hygienic problems observed in the cu MoreBackground and Objectives: Nowadays, Shrimp culture has been prevailed in most of tropical countries; however, a variety of diseases have currently affected the business worldwide. Infectious bacterial agents are the most significant hygienic problems observed in the cultured shrimps . This study was aimed to isolate and identify microflora of farm ponds and western white shrimp gastrointestinal tract (Litopenaeus vannamei) in the Bushehr Province farm ponds and their survey as probiotic. Materials and Methods: The shrimp and pond water samples were collected from 10 farm ponds (located at Bushehr Province). After transferring the samples to laboratory, the shrimp samples were autopsied to access to their intestinal microflora. The isolated bacteria were identified based on biochemical tests, morphology and Biolog software. Antibacterial activities of the isolates against 6 common pathogenic bacteria in shrimps were then investigated using well diffusion and disk diffusion methods. Results: Overall, 12 bacterial genera were isolated from the farm ponds and shrimp gastrointestinal tract. The majority of bacterial species most abundantly isolated were Bacillus, Vibrio and Pseudomonas. Among the isolated bacteria, Bacillus, Micrococcus and Corynebacterium showed the most antibacterial activity against evaluated pathogenic bacteria. Conclusion: Almost all the isolated bacteria from shrimp gastrointestinal tract were found in farm ponds as well. The bacterium Bacillus sp., for instance, is able to inhibit the growth of pathogens through secreting antimicrobial products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - The structure of the legislative pyramid of oil and gas ownership and its correlation with the category of anfal
sh Fashkhorani طاهره salimi ts naimiOne of the important issues in Islamic society is the natural capital of a society. Valuable resources such as oil and gas are also included in these funds. In addition, Anfal is considered as one of the most important national capitals on which many policies of the cou MoreOne of the important issues in Islamic society is the natural capital of a society. Valuable resources such as oil and gas are also included in these funds. In addition, Anfal is considered as one of the most important national capitals on which many policies of the country's administration and economy depend. In addition, the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources means that countries with natural resources have the right to control, extract and sell natural resources in their territory. In the legislative structure, oil and gas resources can be connected to Anfal in the formulation of its law. This connection is based on rules or rational criteria (such as Sirah. The application of reasons indicating the process of reviving dead resources. It is against the requirements of private ownership of the category. Anfal, etc.) Moreover, the criterion of narration (the context and meaning of the verses and traditions related to it) the ability to establish. It is implemented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - Civil liability for damages caused by the transportation of oil and gas through pipelines
amin alboshokeh Abdolhossein Shirvi KhozaniField and Aims: transportation through pipelines is one of the emerging ways of transporting materials and goods in the world, which is in the center of attention day by day due to its special and unique advantages and capabilities in moving materials such as oil, gas a MoreField and Aims: transportation through pipelines is one of the emerging ways of transporting materials and goods in the world, which is in the center of attention day by day due to its special and unique advantages and capabilities in moving materials such as oil, gas and other condensates. The growth and development of the transport sector is placed in the countries. But this method may cause damages that will result in civil liability.Method:The present research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: The relevant rules in the field of responsibility of the carrier in the field of oil and gas transportation through pipelines in Iran's legal system and also in the international legal system are not very developed. We are general transporters. In the transportation of oil and gas through pipelines, the nature of the transportation contract in commercial law also applies to it in such a way that according to the contract concluded between the shipper and the carrier of the cargo (oil and gas), the carrier is required to comply with all the provisions of the agreement. is in the contract, and if he has been negligent in this regard, he is responsible for the consequences and damages caused by this failure, unless the damages were caused by factors outside of his authority (such as the authority of Cairo), in which case he is also required to To prove this external factor is for exemption from responsibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - Preventing economic corruption in the light of good governance over oil and gas interests
Maryam Zadkhoust karan Rohani Alireza Dadash zadehBackground and Aim: One of the important indicators of good governance is the fight against corruption, including economic corruption, which the application of unfavorable governance over oil and gas resources may lead to its occurrence. Accordingly, in this article, we MoreBackground and Aim: One of the important indicators of good governance is the fight against corruption, including economic corruption, which the application of unfavorable governance over oil and gas resources may lead to its occurrence. Accordingly, in this article, we seek to examine how the exercise of good governance over oil and gas resources leads to the prevention of economic corruption?Findings and Results: The doctrine of good governance requires that the public sphere be governed on the basis of participation, rule of law, transparency, accountability, productivity and effective performance, and this in particular prevents the occurrence of economic corruption. Prevention of economic crimes related to the governance of oil and gas resources is conceivable in the form of criminal and non-criminal prevention. In the field of criminal prevention, several laws have criminalized various cases of economic corruption. Non-criminal prevention also includes social prevention and the situation that in social prevention, education-oriented measures and the use of public participation capacity, and in preventing the situation, restrictions on the regulation of oil contracts and formal monitoring and control can be effective in preventing economic corruption in oil and gas. Be. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - Criminal protection of fixed oil platforms located in the continental shelf area
amir shakery محمدرضا sh hasan poorbafraniField and Aims: The location of fixed oil facilities located in the continental shelf area outside the territorial jurisdiction of the coastal state creates limitations in the field of criminal protection for them. In this article, by using international documents and r MoreField and Aims: The location of fixed oil facilities located in the continental shelf area outside the territorial jurisdiction of the coastal state creates limitations in the field of criminal protection for them. In this article, by using international documents and rules related to the cross-border implementation of criminal laws, the capacities of domestic laws in the field of criminal protection of these facilities have been examined. Based on this, we are going to investigate what criminal protection has been done in the regulations of the fixed oil platforms located in the continental shelf area?Method: The present research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: Although the international custom has established the necessary mechanisms to apply criminal jurisdiction over these facilities in the form of the so-called Protocol to Combat Illegal Acts against the Safety of Fixed Oil Platforms in the Continental Shelf Region, an addendum to the Convention against Illegal Acts against Maritime Safety approved by Rome in 1988, but despite our country's accession to this protocol and its emphasis on criminal countermeasures against the act contained in the protocol by the member countries, no action has been taken regarding the criminalization of these acts in our criminal law and the possibility of using Its capacity in criminal protection has been taken away from this facility. Also, due to the lack of provision for these facilities in the cases of the actual jurisdiction of applying the Islamic Penal Code and the absence of any other specific law in this field, currently our criminal law in the field of protecting these facilities is facing a legal gap and only by resorting to legal generality. You can support them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - برآورد تابع تقاضای بنزین در ایران طی دوره زمانی 1381 تا 1386 با استفاده از تکنیک پنل دیتا*
علی امامی میبدی غلامرضا گرایی نژاد نگین دارابی -
Open Access Article
438 - The Role of Inflation Uncertainty onGas and Oil Consumption
Reza Ghaderi Moghadam Bijan Baseri Nemat Falihi Gholamreza AbbasiThe effects of inflation uncertainty and economic growth on oil and gas consumption in the Iranian economy are investigated. Using the family of GARCH models and annual data of inflation and economic growth during the period 1399-1360, the uncertainty behavior of inflat MoreThe effects of inflation uncertainty and economic growth on oil and gas consumption in the Iranian economy are investigated. Using the family of GARCH models and annual data of inflation and economic growth during the period 1399-1360, the uncertainty behavior of inflation and economic growth has been estimated. The cofficient show that the uncertainty of inflation and economic growth has significant effects on level of gas and oil Consumption.In addition, thereaction functions based on the Markov-switching approach, determinds that the shock of inflation and economic growth uncertainty has a positive effects on gas and oil consumption at the beginning of the period and has a negative effect after 4 periods. In the medium term, it has a negative effect on oil and gas consumption, which can not be in line with the sustainability of oil and gas consumption, in the long run, such conditions has no effect on oil and gas consumption and tends to zero after 20 periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - Measuring the Economic Efficiencies and Productivity of Natural Gas Refineries in Iran
علی امامی تیمور محمدی عارف بهروزAbstract This paper has been tried to measure technical, allocative and economic efficiency of natural gas refineries of Iran during 2003-2009 with using non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index.For this purpose, the input based method with th MoreAbstract This paper has been tried to measure technical, allocative and economic efficiency of natural gas refineries of Iran during 2003-2009 with using non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index.For this purpose, the input based method with three inputs and two output is used. The results showed that the average technical, allocative and economic efficiency, of provinces of the country during 2003-2009, respectively is 95 percent, 98.1 percent and 93 percent. Among natural gas refineries for calculation of the productivity, two refinery, on average, have experienced during 2003-2009 positive growth, and 4 other refinery, have experienced negative growth in productivity. During the year, interest in total factor productivity refineries growers an average of 8.2 percent had negative growth, negative growth of 8 percent due to changes in Technology efficiency . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - Studying the Possibility of Replacing Petrochemical Products with Natural Gas in Public Transport Sector (In case of the taxis of the city of Tehran )
Marjan Damankeshideh Emelia AkhlaghiThe rapid increase in petrol consumption in years, as well as the current restrictions regarding meeting the increasing demand for petrol with production or via import, has made executive officials, including the Ministry of Oil, warn about the current trend. They have MoreThe rapid increase in petrol consumption in years, as well as the current restrictions regarding meeting the increasing demand for petrol with production or via import, has made executive officials, including the Ministry of Oil, warn about the current trend. They have announced that if the current situation goes on, we will be faced with a crisis. Meeting such a demand is not possible both technically and financially, and we will soon encounter a dead lock situation while the increasing import of petrol is a burden to the annual budget. The availability of rich resources of natural gas in the country as an alternative to petrol to be used in public transport has made this issue one of the priorities of the energy sector. The were five scenarios assumed for the plan and the plan was studied in terms of whether or not implementing the plan would be economically beneficial in either of those scenarios. The current study analyzed the scenario in which the modification the taxis of Tehran(into running on natural gas) has been taken into consideration. Model results were analyzed according to the main scenario and the results showed that replacing natural gas with petrochemical products in the public transport is considerably beneficial, and that such a plan is economically justifiable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - The Analysis of factor affecting the household and commercial demand for gas (A case study of Gilan Province)
Abbas Ali Abounoori Teymoor Mohammadi Hadi Parhizi GashtiNatural gas enjoys a significant place among all energy sources and plays an important role in the economy of Iran in meeting the growing energy needs of country. Furthermore the household and commercial sector has the largest share in gas consumption. In this paper att MoreNatural gas enjoys a significant place among all energy sources and plays an important role in the economy of Iran in meeting the growing energy needs of country. Furthermore the household and commercial sector has the largest share in gas consumption. In this paper attempts are made to delineate factors affecting the household and commercial demand for natural gas with special reference to Gilan province. Towards this end this paper has measured the short run and long run price elasticity of demand for natural gas for household and commercial consumption sector respectively. The findings of this study have indicated that the short run and long price elasticity coefficient is in order of - 2354 and -23.6 respectively. The model has also estimated the short and long run cross elasticity of demand for household and commercial sector. Their respective coefficients are found to be in order of 2365 and 23.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - پیشبینی قیمت بنزین فوب خلیجفارس با استفاده از مدلهای ARIMA و ARFIMA
حمید آماده فرشید عفتی باران امین امینی -
Open Access Article
443 - Comparison Research on Buy- back and Production Sharing Contracts in Upstream projects of Oil and Gas Industry of Iran
Hooshang Momeni Vesalian Hojatolla Ghanimi Fard Mohammad MahmuodiUsing the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), this research compares Buy-back and Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) together to find the optimum contractual method in finance and project implementation in oil-upstream section for both independent and Iranian joint fiel MoreUsing the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), this research compares Buy-back and Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) together to find the optimum contractual method in finance and project implementation in oil-upstream section for both independent and Iranian joint fields. The most important decision-making criteria for making contracts in upstream section of oil and gas industry are classified to "Before" and "After" contract approval. The criteria were selected by Delphi method. To do this research, two questioners were filled out by professionals in oil industry in two stages and the data was analyzed by EC software. The analysis of data indicates that the PSCs are preferable than Buy-back contracts in both independent fields (76.56) and joint fields (73.46). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
444 - Prioritizing strategic factors for the dynamic growth of Iran's gas trade in regional interactions
nadere azizzade reza Aghamusa naser azadAbstractToday energy has become one of the main components of power in international relations and plays the role of an effective driver in linking various areas of politics and economics, both national and transnational. The present study aims to prioritize the strateg MoreAbstractToday energy has become one of the main components of power in international relations and plays the role of an effective driver in linking various areas of politics and economics, both national and transnational. The present study aims to prioritize the strategic factors of the dynamic growth of Iran's gas trade in regional interactions. This research is in the category of survey-cross-sectional research in terms of the purpose of an applied research and in terms of method and time period of data collection.The main tool for data collection is an expert questionnaire. The location is the National Iranian Gas Company. The statistical population is selected from 15 university experts and managers of Iran Gas Company who have been selected using non-probability and purposeful sampling method. The DEMATEL-ANP combined method has been used to identify the pattern of relationships and prioritize strategic factors for the dynamic growth of Iran's gas trade in regional interactions. The question is what are the most important strategic factors? What are the causal relationships between the strategic factors? The main focus of this research is.The results showed that the importance of diplomatic issues and political factors is the most important among all indicators. Also, energy and energy transmission lines, by providing a suitable platform for regional interactions, are a symbol of sustainability of a cooperation and interdependence and provide a suitable space for attracting foreign investment. In fact, energy has become an effective tool in diplomacy that can bring about regional interactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - Post JCPA prospect of Iran-Russia gas relations on strategic partnership model
Seyedhassan Mirfakhraei Omid Rahimi Arash SefidiExpeditiously regaining its position on the Energy market, Natural Gas has become a strategic commodity during recent decades. Hence Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation due to having this divine blessing, have got a special importance in this domain. Tho MoreExpeditiously regaining its position on the Energy market, Natural Gas has become a strategic commodity during recent decades. Hence Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation due to having this divine blessing, have got a special importance in this domain. Though Iran has not benefited from this strategic commodity in the International fields as expected; The utilization has been just limited to domestic usage. However, signing the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action(JCPA), made new ways for industrial developments and exports ahead of Iran. Alongside the west, one of the key players in this field, is the Russian Federation. Therefore, the question arises that what’s the perspective ahead on the post JCPA Iran-Russia gas relations and in this regard, what are the policy making requirements for strategic partnership? Responsively, considering the increase in gas export capacity from post-JCPA opportunities, the two countries will have a simultaneously competitive and cooperative atmosphere; Meanwhile, the dominance of competition or cooperation depends on the political and security considerations of the two countries on different levels. At the moment the changes in Syria and Ukraine crises have provided a fertile ground for cooperation. Accordingly, the relations have led to the strategic partnership, for preserving and promoting, the respective policy makers should consider some requirements in the document of future perspective for gas policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - Nutritive Value and Digestibility of Rumex obtusifolius in Three Phenological Stages by Chemical, Nylon Bag and Gas Production Methods
Mohammad Amiri Andi Rambod Mortezaei Ali Ahmed Alaw Qotbi -
Open Access Article
447 - Chemical Composition, In Situ Degradation, And Fermentation Kinetics Of Some Browse Plant Species Collected From Algerian Arid And Semi-Arid Areas
Samir Medjekal Mouloud Ghadbane Souhil Boufennara Laid Bebderradji Raul Bodas Hacene Bousseboua Secundino Lopez -
Open Access Article
448 - In vitro Gas Production and Fermentation Parameters of Some Plants Species Collected from Algerian Arid Rangelands
Souhil Boufennara Samir Medjekal Lyas Bouazza Amal Hamedellou Ibtissem Bella Nour Elhouda Ayeb Secunino Lopez -
Open Access Article
449 - Nutritional Value Determination of Five Plants Species in Darab Rangeland Using Gas Production Technique
Ebrahim Talebi Mostafa Yousef-Elahi Mohammad Reza Dehghani Asghar Salmani -
Open Access Article
450 - Greenhouse Gas Emissions as Impacted by Topography and Vegetation Cover in Wooded Grasslands of Laikipia County, Kenya
Janeth Chepkemoi Richard Onwonga Richard Nyankanga Angela Gitau -
Open Access Article
451 - Effects of Grazing Management on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Southern Rangelands of Kenya
Hillary Rotich Oscar Koech Richard Onwonga Judith Mbau -
Open Access Article
452 - Effects of Organic Mulches on Soil Properties and Growth Attributes of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) for Cultivation in the Coastal Rangelands of Southern Iran
Saeid Rabani Kourosh Ordookhani Farshid Aref Mahdi Zare Shahram Sharafzadeh -
Open Access Article
453 - Capability Investigation of Carbon Sequestration in Two Species (Artemisia sieberi Besser and Stipa barbata Desf.) Under Different Treatments of Vegetation Management (Saveh, Iran)
M. Alizadeh M. Mahdavi M. H. Jouri -
Open Access Article
454 - Determination of Nutritional Value in Three Forage Species in Three Phonological Stages in Sabalan Rangelands, Ardebil, Iran
Abazar Ghanbari Mahmood Sahraei -
Open Access Article
455 - Assessing the maturity level of knowledge management using the maturity model of the Asian Productivity Organization (APO): A case study: Iran Gas Transmission Company
Solmaz Soltani Ruhollah tavallaee Alireza Slambolchi Yaser ghasemi nezhadThe aim of this study was to investigate the level of knowledge management maturity based on the Asian productivity maturity model in Tehran Gas Transmission Company. This research is applied based on the purpose and descriptive survey research in terms of data collecti MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the level of knowledge management maturity based on the Asian productivity maturity model in Tehran Gas Transmission Company. This research is applied based on the purpose and descriptive survey research in terms of data collection method. Data were collected by distributing the standard questionnaire of Asian productivity maturity model among 114 formal and informal employees of the gas transmission company and using the maturity model of the Asian Productivity Organization, in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics using software. SPSS and Excel were statistically analyzed. The research findings show that the gas transmission company is at the level of reaction in terms of organizational maturity. The results of the analysis showed that the seven components of the Asian productivity model are not in a favorable situation and Iran Gas Transmission Company in these seven components is lower than the knowledge management framework of the Asian Productivity Organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
456 - Optimization and increase production and efficiency of gas turbines GE-F9 using Media evaporative cooler in Fars combined cycle power plant
Mohammad Ghanaatpisheh Mehdi Pakaein -
Open Access Article
457 - The Forecasting of Iran Natural Gas Consumption Based On Neural-Fuzzy System Until 2020
Mahdieh Qanbari Shahram Javadi Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan -
Open Access Article
458 - Investigating the relationship between social capital and organizational citizenship behavior (Case study: Ardebil gas company)
saeid besharati giviAbstract English: social capital is mainly based on social and cultural factors. There is a good platform for social ســرمایه, human capital and economic efficiency is the absence of physical and social capital and vice versa, the effectiveness of other assets in achiev MoreAbstract English: social capital is mainly based on social and cultural factors. There is a good platform for social ســرمایه, human capital and economic efficiency is the absence of physical and social capital and vice versa, the effectiveness of other assets in achieving development unlikely, and without social capital, during the development and evolution of cultural and economic ways, rugged and difficult . Organizational citizenship behavior is simply behavior that the desire and the will of the individual, and the explicit and directly through the official about the bonus system is not supposed to cum, but it makes the performance of the organization. In this article, initially with the study of social capital and organizational citizenship behavior of the relationship between them in the gas company of Ardebil province and study of the relationship between social capital and organizational citizenship behavior in the gas company of Ardebil province initially normal test being performed and the data because the data were from the normal Asprman correlation coefficient were used. The results showed a significant relationship between social capital and organizational citizenship behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
459 - Paradigm analysis of the production-oriented policies in Iranian oil & gas industry and the impacts on the local communities (Case of Study: Darkhovein local inhabitant)
Shahram Farzi mansor vosooghiDarkhovein oil field local community, along last century. have been encountered to sugarcane industries, nuclear power plant and oil and gas industries as three iconic symbols of the industrial development. The production-oriented policies domination, has had the enviro MoreDarkhovein oil field local community, along last century. have been encountered to sugarcane industries, nuclear power plant and oil and gas industries as three iconic symbols of the industrial development. The production-oriented policies domination, has had the environmental, social, cultural and political implications and caused accumulation of claims and unheard voices of the inhabitants of this geopolitical region. In the current essay by applying Grounded Theory (GT) approach among the oil industry officials and staff, we made an effort to give an explanation to the present status. The policies adopted by oil industry practitioners have been identified in four paradigm models: distrust, ignorance, interest preferences (short-term, individual, organizational) and conditional interaction and within them the Alienation, as the core phenomena, has been emerged. These policies, along with factors such as the lack of, the socio-cultural-environmental context of projects, the newness and lack of integrated implementation of corporate social responsibility(CSR) as well as the normative pressure of the local and corporate subcultures, have yielded various results and affected on the local community both social and individual dimensions. At social dimension,, consequences have led destruction of the traditional economy, the disruption of Indigenous knowledge, pollution and environmental degradation, increasing ethnic-security tensions.َAt individual dimension phenomena as life time job-seeking, feeling hopelessness- inefficiency- powerlessness -isolation, and dependency with mutual distrust have been emerged. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
460 - Dynamic GAS Based Modeling for Predicting and Assessing the Value at Risk of Bitcoin and Gold
Mohammad Ebrahim Samavi Hashem Nikoomaram Mahdi Madanchi Zaj Ahmad YaghobnezhadThe first step in risk management in the field of investment is to calculate the variable that explains the risk accurately. One of the most widely used criteria for calculating risk is the value at risk, which has been the focus of financial researchers for the past th MoreThe first step in risk management in the field of investment is to calculate the variable that explains the risk accurately. One of the most widely used criteria for calculating risk is the value at risk, which has been the focus of financial researchers for the past three decades. Therefore, the aim of the present study is dynamic modeling and variable time using a technique called Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS) to estimate value at risk in bitcoin and gold by using daily data since 2010 to 2020 and assuming the distribution of t-student. its results are compared with the results of known AR and GARCH models. The results showed that for gold models such as GAS, GARCH and AR were able to estimate the value at risk at 5% error level. Among them, the GAS model had the best performance. For Bitcoin only two models, GAS and GARCH, are suitable for estimating value at risk and GARCH model is preferable. Also, the duration of risk of value at risk errors for all three models for gold and bitcoin lacks long-term memory, indicating its reliance on financial turmoil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
461 - A new type of Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability for Drygas functional equation
M. Sirouni M. ‎Almahalebi S. ‎Kabbaj -
Open Access Article
462 - Comparative Forecasting Performance of GARCH and GAS Models in the Stock Price Traded on Nigerian Stock Exchange
Oluwagbenga Babatunde Serifat Folorunso Francisco Saliu -
Open Access Article
463 - VARIATIONAL HOMOTOPY PERTURBATION METHOD FOR SOLVING THE NONLINEAR GAS DYNAMICS EQUATION
M. Matinfar Z. Raeisi -
Open Access Article
464 - COUPLING MODEL FOR MULTI-COMPONENT GAS PERMEATION PROCESS
A. Hussain A. Qayyum -
Open Access Article
465 - Comparison of energy indices and CO2 greenhouse gas emission in irrigated and rainfed canola in northern region of Iran
Ali Motavali Saleh YasorEnergy consumption and global warming and followed by climate change from by human activity that has been noticed a lot of research. This study investigates the energy consumption and CO2 greenhouse gas emissions in production of irrigated and rainfed canola (Brassica n MoreEnergy consumption and global warming and followed by climate change from by human activity that has been noticed a lot of research. This study investigates the energy consumption and CO2 greenhouse gas emissions in production of irrigated and rainfed canola (Brassica napus) in northern region of Iran and output energy indices were estimated. Data were collected from farmers in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces by random sampling method in years 2016. The results of the study showed that input energy in rainfed farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 29.49 and 28.77 GJ/h and input energy in irrigated farming in Mazandaran and Golestan was 33.52 and 34.10 GJ/ha was calculated. The energy output was calculated in raidfed farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 88.4 and 90.3 GJ/h and output energy in irrigated Farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 82.27 and 82.25 GJ/ha. The highest and lowest value of energy ratio was obtained in production of canola 3.07 and 2.41 in rainfed and irrigated in Golestan province, respectively. Also the rate of production Co2 greenhouse gas was calculated in rainfed farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 41715.04 kg/ha and 39968.60 kg/ha and reat of production CO2 greenhouse gas in irrigated farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 46180.11 and 45011.62 kg/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
466 - اندازه گیری غلظت فلزات سنگین نیکل، سرب و مس در صدف دو کفه ای Crassostrea gigasدر بندر شهید رجایی
محسن دهقانی بهزاد فرجی -
Open Access Article
467 - تاثیر جیره های غذایی مختلف بر برخی از فاکتورهای بیوشیمیایی سرم خون ماهی پنگوسی (Pangasius hypophthalmus)
مجید محمد نژاد شموشکی بهزاد رسولی محسن خلیلی -
Open Access Article
468 - Response of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Seedling Rootstocks to Salicylic Acid Foliar Application under Water Stress
Mostafa Ghasemi Kazem Arzani Abbas Yadollahi Hossein Hokmabadi Majid Agha-Alikhani -
Open Access Article
469 - The Effect of Ascorbic Acid on the Formation of the Separator Layer of Walnut Fruit from the Pedicel and Acetylene Gas as Ethylene Synergism in Accelerating Fruit Ripening
Reza Khosravi Zanjani Majid Abdouss Sholeh KazemifardWith the aim of facilitating the harvest and accelerating the formation of the separator layer of the fruit with the peduncle, an experiment was conducted with ascorbic acid as one of the synergists of ethylene. This experiment was conducted in the form of randomized co MoreWith the aim of facilitating the harvest and accelerating the formation of the separator layer of the fruit with the peduncle, an experiment was conducted with ascorbic acid as one of the synergists of ethylene. This experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete blocks in 3 replications and 8 treatments based on the concentration of ascorbic acid. The present study showed: a significant difference was observed between the design blocks. However, in statistical calculations, ascorbic acid did not show a significant effect on the separation of fruits, but according to observations, the use of ascorbic acid accelerated and increased the production of ethylene in the plant, so that at a concentration of 2500 ppm, the lowest force to separate the fruit from the branch we experienced. In other words, the direct use of ascorbic acid on the fruit-bearing branch with the appropriate concentration was not ineffective in facilitating the separation of the fruit from the tree, and it requires more repeated experiments. To facilitate the separation of mesocarp from endocarp, acetylene gas was used as one of the synergisms of ethylene. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 4 treatments based on acetylene concentration. This study showed that acetylene gas has a significant effect on the ease of walnut mesocarp separation by accelerating fruit ripening. As a result, by using this gas as an ethylene synergy, a higher percentage of quality nuts and walnut kernels with a bright color are obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
470 - Evaluation of Energy Efficiency, Emission of Greenhouse Gases and Production Function in Olive (Olea europaea) Production in Ilam Province, Iran
MEYSAM MORADI ABBAS MALEKI SADEGH BAHAMIN SHOHREH AZIZI SHAMILA ROUHANI SARA BEIGZADEH -
Open Access Article
471 - Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antioxidant Properties of Agastache foeniculum Essential Oil
Mohammad Hashemi Ali Ehsani Abbas Hassani Asma Afshari Majid Aminzare Toktam Sahranavard Zahra Azimzadeh -
Open Access Article
472 - Evaluation the Growth Potential of Artichoke (Synara scolymus L.) and Milk thistle (Sylibum marianum L.) in Petroleum-contaminated Soil
Sahar Zamani Azim Ghasemnezhad Soheila Ebrahimi Mehran Fathi -
Open Access Article
473 - Magnetic Solvent Bar Liquid-Phase Microextraction Followed by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection for the Trace Determination of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Water Samples
Hadi Farahani Mohsen Zeeb -
Open Access Article
474 - Impact of Intravenous Pantoprazole versus Oral Pantoprazole on Gastric pH in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Randomized Trial
Sara Salarian Bahador Mirrahimi Fahimeh Hadavand Mahsa Gharehdaghi Bahador Bagheri -
Open Access Article
475 - Investigating the Nitrate Absorption Capacities of Sargassum Polycystum Biomass
Alzahraa S. Abdulwahid Faraj Mohammed Mohammed Hadi Sarmad Dheyaa Noori Maha Noori Shakir Zainab Jamal Hamoodah Nahed Mahmood Ahmed -
Open Access Article
476 - Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies for Dye Adsorption onto Sugarcane Bagasse and Rice Husks
Noorul Hudai Abdullah Nur Atikah Abdul Salim Baizura Binti Hamid Muhammad Azri Nizamdin Muhammad Fauzul Mubarak Ahmad Fadhil Nurhana Syahira Azman Nur Farhan Zon Masiri Kaamin Amir Khan Suwandi Noraziah Ahmad Zainab Mat Lazim Maria Nuid Nur Azmira Zainuddin -
Open Access Article
477 - Trace Element Imbalance in Patients with Combined Digestive and Renal Pathology Complicated with COVID-19
Olexandr M. Naumenko Valentyna O. Moyseyenko -
Open Access Article
478 - Dynamic GAS Based Modeling for Predicting and Assessing the Value at Risk of Tehran Stock Exchange Index and Bitcoin
Mohammad Ebrahim Samavi Hashem Nikoomaram Mahdi Madanchi Zaj Ahmad YaghoobnezhadPurpose: This research has been written with the aim of modeling a new criterion for measuring risk in order to eliminate the shortcomings of traditional models in the field of investment risk management.Methodology: In the present study, with a practical purpose, to es MorePurpose: This research has been written with the aim of modeling a new criterion for measuring risk in order to eliminate the shortcomings of traditional models in the field of investment risk management.Methodology: In the present study, with a practical purpose, to estimate the value at risk of daily bitcoin price data (2,707 views) in the years 2013 to 2020 and the data of the total stock exchange index (2,753 views) 2011 to 2020 has been used in two groups of education and test (500 views). In order to estimate the value at risk using the nonlinear method and the generalized variable self-fitting time (GAS) method, modeling was performed by learning from the data of the training group and the accuracy of the model was determined by the data of the experimental group.Findings: The results showed that for the total stock index, only two models, GAS and GARCH, are suitable risk estimators. On the other hand, for Bitcoin cryptocurrencies, only two models, GAS and GARCH, are suitable risk estimators, which GARCH model is more preferable.Originality / Value: Findings showed that the new GAS model is a preferential estimator for the total stock market index than other nonlinear models. This is due to the variable time feature as well as the dynamics of the GAS model, which is able to respond to market turbulence conditions unlike traditional models in the short run. These results also help investors and active financial institutions to manage risk in their trading systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - Coating ZnO nanowires on gold interdigitated array electrodes and investigating the functioning of alcoholic nano gas sensors
حمید غیور امین نکوبین امیرعباس نوربخشInterdigitated array electrods1 were prepared by nanolithography of gold on alumina substrate via PVD method. ZnOnanorods used as sensor were synthesized by hydrothermal method on a spotter-coated seed layer of zinc oxide. The synthesized nanorods were characterized by MoreInterdigitated array electrods1 were prepared by nanolithography of gold on alumina substrate via PVD method. ZnOnanorods used as sensor were synthesized by hydrothermal method on a spotter-coated seed layer of zinc oxide. The synthesized nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Sensor functioning was investigated with regard to four alcoholic gases. In order to improve the sensing conditions, the sensitivity and response of ZnOnanorods in the temperature range of 50-300°C were studied. The working temperature of 47°C was selected as the optimal temperature and important variables such as sensitivity of the sensor, response time, and recovery time were obtained for the four testing gases at constant temperature and different concentrations. Results revealed that by usingZnO array nanorods,alcoholic gases with highsensitivity can be detected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
480 - Comparison of Corrosion behavior of aluminium 6061 alloy joined by friction stir lap welding and gas tungsten arc lap welding methods
reza bazarganlari ehsan vafaIn this paper wrought aluminum sheets with thickness of 5 mm were square butt welded by friction stir lap welding (FSLW) and gas tungsten arc lap welding (GTALW) methods to campare their corrosion behavior. of the welding zone was probed by tafel polarization curve. Opt MoreIn this paper wrought aluminum sheets with thickness of 5 mm were square butt welded by friction stir lap welding (FSLW) and gas tungsten arc lap welding (GTALW) methods to campare their corrosion behavior. of the welding zone was probed by tafel polarization curve. Optical metallography (OM) and scaninig electron microscop (SEM) were used to study morphology. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analysis different zone of the welds. EDS analysis proved deposits of iron and silicon in samples. FSLW and GTALW resulted in equiaxed grains of about 5 and 18 micrometr respectively, while GTALW caused dendritic structure of the welded region. To assessment mechanical properties, micro hardness test were accure. Resistance to corrosion was greater for the FSLW grains than the GTALW structure. In both cases, susceptibility to corrosion attack was greater in the welded region than the base metal section. . microhardness of FSLW specimen were grater than GTALW specimen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - Production of cupper manganese ferrite cadmium doped nanoparticles via co precipitation method and study of its sensitivity property for methane gas detection in telecommunications centers
Hossein Emami Seyed Mohsen EtesamiIn this study, synthesis and studying sensitivity of nano particles of manganese copper ferrite with common formula of cupper manganese ferrite cadmium doped has been considered. Applied method for manufacturing this nanoparticle is co-precipitation method that is a nov MoreIn this study, synthesis and studying sensitivity of nano particles of manganese copper ferrite with common formula of cupper manganese ferrite cadmium doped has been considered. Applied method for manufacturing this nanoparticle is co-precipitation method that is a novel method for this combination. Nano particle structure has been investigated using experiments such as X-ray diffraction which showed single–phase and Nano characteristics of this combination and scanning electron microscope which showed the size of nanoparticles and uniformity. Sensitivity of the nano particles was tested using a laboratory system equipped with sensor heater with the ability of temperature control on which nano sensor was put, a chamber for injecting related materials and a connector electronic range that transferred Nano-sensor information to computer and it was analyzed by a software. This system could control temperature. This Nano sensor was tested using Methane that sensitivity and suitable temperature for this Nano sensor was 300˚C. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
482 - Investigating the sensing properties of SnO2-PdPt nanohybrid toward methane gas and effect of adding reduced graphene oxide on improving its sensing performance
Shiva Navazani Ali Shokuhfar Mostafa HassanisadiIn this paper, the sensing properties of SnO2-PdPt nanohybrid to methane gas and effect of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on improving its sensing performance was investigated. For this reason, first SnO2 was synthesized by hydrothermal method and then hybridized by Pd, P MoreIn this paper, the sensing properties of SnO2-PdPt nanohybrid to methane gas and effect of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on improving its sensing performance was investigated. For this reason, first SnO2 was synthesized by hydrothermal method and then hybridized by Pd, Pt and PdPt catalysts. For investigating the effect of rGO, by the in-situ hydrothermal method, SnO2-rGO was synthesized instead of SnO2. Results showed that the nanohybrid sensor with bimetallic alloy catalyst, had higher response t lower temperature compared with monometallic catalysts and on the other hand, adding rGO, reduced the optimum sensing temperature of SnO2-PdPt and enhanced its response to methane. The SnO2-PdPt nanosensor showed 52.22% response to 1000ppm CH4 at 200oC. The sensing response and recovery times for this hybrid were 94s and 3.5min respectively, whilst the SnO2-rGO-PdPt showed 69.5% response at 150oC to the same concentration of methane. The response and recovery times for this hybrid were 50s and 4.5min respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
483 - Synthesis of Nickel Ferrite / Cadmium Oxide Compound Nanoparticles by Co-precipitation Method and Investigation its Sensitivity to Formaldehyde
saied nosohiyan Hamid Reza Ebrahimi amirabas nourbakhsh Gholam Reza AmiriIn this study, NiFe2O4-CdO compound nanoparticles were prepared through co-precipitation. The two variables of the synthesis method are, respectively, the temperature gradient reaching the temperature of the heat treatment of 500 ° C at 10°C/sec, 35°C/sec an MoreIn this study, NiFe2O4-CdO compound nanoparticles were prepared through co-precipitation. The two variables of the synthesis method are, respectively, the temperature gradient reaching the temperature of the heat treatment of 500 ° C at 10°C/sec, 35°C/sec and 60 °C/sec and the pure oxygen pressure as the heat treatment atmosphere for 0.5 hours, at 0.5 psi, 1 psi, and 1.5 psi. So, we found 9 samples, that the sample with the best sensitivity response to formaldehyde was characterized. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transition electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence experiments were used to study the structure of these nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction experiment is confirmed formation of nickel ferrite and cadmium oxide phases. Scanning electron microscopy and transition electron microscopy experiments are confirmed nickel ferrite and cadmium oxide being nano-structure. NiFe2O4-CdO formula ratio is confirmed by X-ray fluorescence experiment. The sensitivity property of NiFe2O4-CdO nanoparticles for formaldehyde gas detection was studied at 50 °C. For testing the sensitivity of nanosensors, we used a laboratory 5 liters system with temperature and humidity control. This system equipped with a temperature control heater for heating sensors. Relationship between gas concentration (from 10 ppm to 200 ppm) and resistance change of nano sensor with the best response to formaldehyde was investigated, that this relationship was found linear. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - Comparison of microstructure and high-temperature oxidation resistance of NiCrAlY coatings formed by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and solid shielding shrouded plasma spraying (SSPS)
Reza Saharkhiz Zia Valefi Masoud Mirjani Saied Taghi-RamezaniIn this research, NiCrAlY powder was applied on steel, and Hastelloy X substrates with solid shielding shrouded plasma spray (SSPS) process and compared with atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The high-temperature oxidation test was also performed on the coatings, and t MoreIn this research, NiCrAlY powder was applied on steel, and Hastelloy X substrates with solid shielding shrouded plasma spray (SSPS) process and compared with atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The high-temperature oxidation test was also performed on the coatings, and the microstructure of coatings was studied by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To investigate the influence of the SSPS process on the properties of metallic coatings, variable parameters; such as type of shroud gas (Ar, H2), the gas injection method (internal, external or simultaneous) and the flow rate of that, were examined. During the use of shroud gas, the temperature of the plasma jet has increased significantly. The oxidation test results showed the proper performance of NiCrAlY coating under the protection of argon internal shroud gas with a flow rate of 75SLPM, which was able to perform the best plasma flame protection during spraying. It can lead to a reduction in oxide and porosity of coating up to 8%. Also, the lowest thermally grown oxide (TGO) thickness was obtained for this sample after 200 hours of oxidation, indicating its excellent performance in maintaining the Al for the formation of the continuous α-Al2O3 layer during high-temperature oxidation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
485 - Comparison of Isothermal Oxidation and Thermal Shock Properties of CoNiCrAlY Coating Sprayed by Atmospheric Plasma Spray and Nitrogen Gas Shrouded Plasma Spray Methods
Behzad Ghasemi Zia Valefi Saeid Taghi-ramezaniIn this research, the properties of the coating applied by conventional plasma spray and with inert gas shroud has been studied and compared, in the way that nozzle like part attached to plasma gun in order to protect the plasma jet by exiting nitrogen from the nozzle. MoreIn this research, the properties of the coating applied by conventional plasma spray and with inert gas shroud has been studied and compared, in the way that nozzle like part attached to plasma gun in order to protect the plasma jet by exiting nitrogen from the nozzle. The Microstructural characterization of the coatings was performed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscope. Hardness of coatings is also measured by Vickers method under the applied load of 30 gram-force. Isothermal oxidation and thermal shock tests are done at 1000 and 950ºC respectively. Post-spray results show that the use of nitrogen gas shroud is useful and coating achieved by nitrogen shroud has less oxide and porosity and has more homogeneous structure. Results from isothermal oxidation show that TGO layer growth rate in the specimen sprayed by nitrogen shroud is less. Thermal shock test shows that the specimen sprayed by nitrogen shroud has more resistance against thermal shock due to layer by layer and regular growth of TGO and having less oxide and porosity in comparison with the same specimen sprayed without nitrogen shroud. Also, the microhardness of sprayed coating without nitrogen shroud was 35 Vikers more than the applied coating with nitrogen shroud. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
486 - Bubble absorption enhancement in water-based nanofluids using nickel oxide nanoparticles in the presence of surfactant
Danial Jafari Farsaani Elham AmeriTo solve the problems caused by the use of chemical solvents such as amine solutions and caustic solution, a single bubble adsorption tower was used to investigate the effect of water-based nanofluids with nickel oxide nanoparticles on the CO2 adsorption process. CO2 wa MoreTo solve the problems caused by the use of chemical solvents such as amine solutions and caustic solution, a single bubble adsorption tower was used to investigate the effect of water-based nanofluids with nickel oxide nanoparticles on the CO2 adsorption process. CO2 was introduced as single bubbles from the end of a column, and the mass transfer coefficients and adsorption rates were investigated. The results showed that nickel oxide nanoparticles are hydrophobic and the addition of surfactant to nanofluid increases the surface electric charge of nickel oxide nanoparticles and increases the surface polarity for gas absorption. In this way, carbon dioxide gas is absorbed on the surface of nanoparticles due to its very polar nature, and this phenomenon increased the amount of gas absorption in the nanofluid by 270% compared to the base fluid.The maximum mass transfer flux for adsorption of CO2 with nanofluids containing nickle oxide nanoparticles was observed in the weight fraction of nanoparticles of 0.1%. To investigate the effect of important parameters on the mass transfer process in a single bubble tower, the parameters of nanoparticle weight fraction, gas injection nozzle diameter, with different levels were investigated. Finally, an experimental relationship was presented to estimate the mass transfer coefficient of CO2 gas, which is a function of the flow regime and microscopic structure of nanoparticles. The results showed that the amount of computational error for the proposed model is less than 20% and this model can estimate the laboratory results with a suitable approximation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
487 - Restorative Effect of Iranian Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus casei on Healing gastric Stomach Ulcers Caused by Acetic Acid in Male Wistar Rats
اصغر سکوتی مهدی رهنما میترا حیدری نصرآبادی مریم ابراهیمی تاج آبادیGastric ulcer is a common disease caused by male nutrition and drug side effects. The treatment with chemical drugs is along with Physiological problems. Problems such as self -immunity has brought many efforts for finding new treatments for Gastric ulcer. Probiotic bac MoreGastric ulcer is a common disease caused by male nutrition and drug side effects. The treatment with chemical drugs is along with Physiological problems. Problems such as self -immunity has brought many efforts for finding new treatments for Gastric ulcer. Probiotic bacteria are the dominant digestive organisms used in the treatment of digestive diseases. One of the most important groups of probiotic bacteria is lactic acid, normally used as the ferment of dairy products The aim of this study is to investigate the restorative effect of probiotic bacteria isolated from native dairy products on healing gastric (stomach) ulcer of male wistar rats. In this study, the mice were randomly divided into three groups including the experimental, control 1 and control 2 groups. After tolerating Twenty-four hours of hunger, mice received surgery and Gastric (stomach) ulcer was created through injection of 12 / 0 ml of acetic acid (60%v/ v). One day after the surgery, the experimental group received 10 andtimes; 1010 cfu / day bacterial solution in one ml of sterilized milk, and control groups were respectively treated by one ml of sterilized milk and 2 ml of water through gavage until the time of dissecting. the mice were killed at 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days after building the stomach ulcer. The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software and test results as Mean andplusmn; SEM were reported. The strains of bacteria Lactobacillus casei have significantly decreased the dimensions (sizes) of gastric (stomach) ulcer of the experimentalgroup than the control group 1 and 2 (p andlt; 0 / 001) and have increased gastric ulcer healing. Thehistological studies on the fourth day showed a significant increase of neutrophils, macrophages and fibroblasts in the experimental group than control groups and on the 7th, 10thand 14thday showed significant reduction of neutrophils and macrophages in the experimental group in comparison with control groups. Fibroblasts were significantly increased in the experimental group on 7thday and decreased in 10thand 14thday in comparison with control groups. The probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei have a significant restorative effect on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
488 - The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Quercus persica on Gastric Ulcer Healing in Rats
فهیمه مطیع میترا حیدری نصرآبادی عبدالحسین شیروی فریما زاهدیToday there is great interest in using traditional medicine for ulcer healing has been increased.Quercus persica is used in Iranian traditional medicine to treat some gastric diseases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the Quercus persica ethanolic extract fo MoreToday there is great interest in using traditional medicine for ulcer healing has been increased.Quercus persica is used in Iranian traditional medicine to treat some gastric diseases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the Quercus persica ethanolic extract for gastric ulcer healing in rats. Extractedfrom theskin of oakfruit soakedin90%ethanoland extractswere measuredby therotarydevice. To determine the effect of this extract from Quercus persica, 56 wistar male rats divided into 2 groups; experimental and control (n=7).Gastric ulcers were induced by luminal application of 0.12 ml acetic acid solution (40% v/v). One day after ulcer induction, the experimental groups Ethanolic extract of Quercus persica at concentration 100 mg/kg w.b.and the control groups received 1 ml normal salin through oral gavage for few consecutive days. On days 1, 3, 5 and 7 rats were killed and wound samples were collected for histological and statistical studies. Results analysis by one way Anova demonstrated that ethanolextract ofthe fruitskinof Quercus persica at concentration 100 mg/kg w.b.significantly increased gastric ulcer area compared to control group and decreased ulcer healing. Also, inflammation cells such as neutrophil and macrophage in the third and fifth days in the experimental groups compared with control groups had significantly increased, which is prolonged inflammation stage.On the seventh day, in the experimental groups a significant reduction in the amount of fibroblast was seen that indicates the delay in wound healing and collagen-synthesis process.The current study showedsignificant increase of inflammation and decrease wound healinginrats treated with ethanolextract ofthe fruitskinof Quercus persica at concentration 100 mg/kg w.b.as compared to control group Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
489 - The Carcass Quality of Pangassius hypopthalmus under Different Diets
مجید محمدنژاد شموشکیThequality of fish meat is affected by many factors including nutrition and food consumption. In this research, carcass quality of Pangassius hypopthalmus, with diet of Biomar, calf heart, Gammarus, Artemia, and Tubifex was studied. This study was counducted for 8 weeks MoreThequality of fish meat is affected by many factors including nutrition and food consumption. In this research, carcass quality of Pangassius hypopthalmus, with diet of Biomar, calf heart, Gammarus, Artemia, and Tubifex was studied. This study was counducted for 8 weeks and five treatments: treatment 1: Biomar, treatment 2: Calf heart, treatment 3: Gammarus, treatment 4: Artemia, treatment 5: Tubifex. The 450 fish with average weight of 0.63 g and average length of 3.79 cm was conducted in 5 groups and were cultured for 8 weeks. Amount of food required according to the weight of the biomass and 10 % of body weight four times a day in 8:00, 12:00, 16:00 and 20:00 h. Physico-chemical parameters such as oxygen, hardness, pH, temperature were at saturation, dh 350, 7.5 - 8 and 29 andplusmn; 2 0C, respectively. To measure various factors including crude protein, crude fat and ash by semi-automatic and automatic machines soxhlet and electric furnace (temprature of 55 0C for 6 hours) were used. The results showed that the quality of fish carcasses that percentage of carcass moisture and ash, there is a significant difference between treatments (P andlt; 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
490 - The First Report of Keeled Rock Green-Bellied Lizard Darevskia chlorogaster (Reptilia: Sauria: Lacertidae) in Ardabil Province
رامین محمدی آلوچه حاجی قلی کمیThe Lizardson the network to life, food chain and ecosystems are outstanding dry place.Zoology around the world to identify these animals has done many studies. The results lead to new species by mapping their geographical distribution has been. Ardabil Province, includ MoreThe Lizardson the network to life, food chain and ecosystems are outstanding dry place.Zoology around the world to identify these animals has done many studies. The results lead to new species by mapping their geographical distribution has been. Ardabil Province, including areas in which considerable research has been done on reptiles. Therefore, this study tried to limit the power and possibilities in the province and the study adhered to the sample. Read phoneticallyThis study was done in 2009. The materials of the study were collected during spring, summer, fall and late winter. This reserch were collected 21 specimens at the DarevskiaGenus,and Morphologic, morphometric and meristic characteristics have shown that 4 specimens collected are Darevskia chlorogaster. Furthermore, in this study theDarevskia chlorogaster was collected from East Ardabil province for the first time, however, its distribution map wasnand#39;t included in East Ardabil province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
491 - Effects of Clomiphene on Food Ratio and Growth Factors in Gourami Fish Species (Trichogaster trichopterus)
E. Javadi Sh. Sharafi B. MoghaddasiPharmaceutical compounds are useful role in the growth of ornamental fish. To investigate the effects of Clomiphene on food ratio and growth factors in Gourami fish species (Trichogaster trichopterus) was done. The Growth rate increasing was aimed for Achieving to more MorePharmaceutical compounds are useful role in the growth of ornamental fish. To investigate the effects of Clomiphene on food ratio and growth factors in Gourami fish species (Trichogaster trichopterus) was done. The Growth rate increasing was aimed for Achieving to more fish count in shorter time and less costs in the hatchery and fish farming. The numbers of 140 gourami fishes were fed for 2 month with dietary supplementation impregnated with different ratio of clomiphene (1, 1.5 and 2 mg/kg in dry diet), in 4 groups includes (a control group and 3 treatment groups). Fish biometric assay (total weight and standard length) were performed every two weeks and growth indices were calculated monthly. The results have shown that the use of clomiphene in the diet of growth factors (body weight increase, percentage of body weight increase, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, average daily growth) was significant and positive effected, but food conversion factor was decreased significantly. Therefore, Clomiphene can be used as an additive and dietary supplementation in feed for Gourami fish Trichogaster trichopterus (3 spots gourami). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
492 - Evaluation of GAS8-AS1 Long Non-Coding RNA and GAS8 Target Gene Expression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Mona Patoughi Soudeh Ghafouri-FardExpression of the growth arrest specific 8 (GAS8) and its naturally occurring antisense RNA (asRNA) (GAS8-AS1) was assessed in tumoral tissues of different origins. However, their association with immune-related disorders has been poorly understood. In the current study MoreExpression of the growth arrest specific 8 (GAS8) and its naturally occurring antisense RNA (asRNA) (GAS8-AS1) was assessed in tumoral tissues of different origins. However, their association with immune-related disorders has been poorly understood. In the current study, we evaluated the expression levels of these genes in 50 relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients compared with age and sex matched control. Expression assays were performed on peripheral blood samples of study participants following extraction of total RNA and cDNA synthesis using blood. Measurements were then made using the TaqMan (Real Time PCR) method with specific primers and probes sequences. Expression of both genes was significantly higher compared to controls (P=0.001 and p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
493 - Evaluation of the Diet of Juveniles Roach (Rutilus caspicus) in Earthen Ponds of Syjwal Bony Fish Breeding Center
Ahmadreza Jebeleh Rasoul Ghorbani Gholam Ali Bandani Sajjad Pourmozaffar Amir Eghbal Khajeh Rahimi Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi Mohsen GozariThis research was conducted to evaluate the diet of juvenile roach (Rutilus caspicus) stocked in earthen ponds and improve the pond conditions to increase the dominant organisms species. Four earthen ponds with the same hydrobiological properties were studied in the Syj MoreThis research was conducted to evaluate the diet of juvenile roach (Rutilus caspicus) stocked in earthen ponds and improve the pond conditions to increase the dominant organisms species. Four earthen ponds with the same hydrobiological properties were studied in the Syjwal bony fish farm. Sampling of the food organisms, measuring the weight and length of the juvenile roaches, and gut examination were carried out over a four-month period from March to June. The results indicated that the highest and the lowest condition factors (K) were 1.196 and 0.633, respectively; while the highest dominance index (Ip) was reported as 42.14 for Gastropoda and the lowest dominance index was reported as 2.4 for aquatic insects. The results of (Fp) analysis showed that the gastropoda and crayfish were mainly considered as the major preys, and organisms such as aquatic insects and bivalves were found as the minor foods in the Syjwal earthen ponds. Evaluation of the food preference (Fp)and the gut content of juvenile roaches in different stages indicate that the gastropoda show a higher food preference and feeding intensity than the other Foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
494 - Comparison of the Efficiency of Ruminal and Faecal Microbial Population from Sheep to Estimate the Nutritional Value of Corn and Sorghum Grains Using In Vitro Gas Production Technique
Abolfazl Aghajanzadeh-Golshani Naser Maheri-Sis Ramin Salamat Doust-Nobar Yahya Ebrahimnezhad Abolfazl GhorbaniThis study aimed to investigate the fermentation efficiency of faecal microorganisms in comparison with rumen microorganisms to estimate the nutritional value of corn and sorghum grains in ruminants using in vitro gas production technique. To perform in vitro gas produc MoreThis study aimed to investigate the fermentation efficiency of faecal microorganisms in comparison with rumen microorganisms to estimate the nutritional value of corn and sorghum grains in ruminants using in vitro gas production technique. To perform in vitro gas production technique with rumen liquor and faecal suspension, rumen fluid and fresh faeces were collected from three fistulated Gezel rams. The results of this study showed that there are no significant differences due to in vitro gas production between the two methods at different incubation times in experimental feedstuffs. There was no significant difference between two methods in terms of the amount of gas production from fermentable fraction (A) for corn grain, while the amount of this parameter by fecal suspension was significantly higher than that of rumen liquor in sorghum grain (P<0.05). Estimated metabolizable energy (ME), net energy for lactation (NEL), organic matter digestibility (OMD), and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) contents of experimental grains with rumen fluid and faecal suspension showed no significant differences.The amount of gas produced with rumen liquor can be successfully estimated from faeces suspension using the obtained equations Ysorghum=0.8929 X -1.6353 for the sorghum grain and Ycorn=0.9657X-3.4097 for corn grain. According to the results of the study, it seems that the animal faeces suspension has the potential to replace rumen liquor in the in vitro gas production technique for ruminants feed evaluation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
495 - Evaluation of Changes in miR-20a Expression Changes in War Wounded Exposed to Mustard Gas
Mohadese Valizadeh Masoud Soleimani Shiva Irani Mahmood TavallaeiSulfur mustard or mustard gas is a blistering agent that has been used as a war weapon. Chemical veterans are people who have multiple injuries in different organs, especially in the skin. Studies have shown that the side effects of mustard gas are the result of alkylat MoreSulfur mustard or mustard gas is a blistering agent that has been used as a war weapon. Chemical veterans are people who have multiple injuries in different organs, especially in the skin. Studies have shown that the side effects of mustard gas are the result of alkylation with DNA, RNA, protein, and lipids, which leads to metabolic and genetic changes. The respiratory system and the skin are the main targets of mustard gas alkylation. microRNAs are small non-coding and single-stranded RNAs that play a role in the spatial and spatial regulation of protein synthesis and the stability of messenger RNA. The disruption of the expression of any miRNA gene will be equal to the disruption of the expression of several protein-coding genes, each of which can play an essential role in cell biology, so to investigate the changes in the expression of microRNA, miR-20a, in the skin of chemically injured people. In this study, 30 skin biopsy samples were collected, including 10 samples from patients with moderate SM, 10 samples from patients with severe SM, and 10 control samples. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed. The expression of the miR-20a gene was investigated using the Real-time PCR method. 5s rRNA gene was used as the internal control. GraphPad Prism 6.07 software was used for the statistical analysis of data. Roc curve was used to check the biomarker value of the miR-20a gene. In this study, according to the results of the Roc curve, the miR-20a gene in the skin has a biomarker value, but it needs more study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
496 - The Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles Functionalized with Glutamic Acid and Conjugated with Thiosemicarbazide on the Expression of Bax, caspase-3, and bcl-2 Genes in Adenocarcinoma Gastric (AGS) Cell Line
Sadaf Beigi Ali Salehzadeh Hadi Habibbollahi Seyed Ataollah Sadat Shandiz Fariba SafaConjugation of metal nanoparticles (NPs) to thiosemicarbazide improves their stability and anticancer potential. This work was aimed at preparing ZnO NPs functionalized with glutamic acid conjugated to thiosemicarbazide (Zn@Glu/TSC). Then, the anticancer potential of na MoreConjugation of metal nanoparticles (NPs) to thiosemicarbazide improves their stability and anticancer potential. This work was aimed at preparing ZnO NPs functionalized with glutamic acid conjugated to thiosemicarbazide (Zn@Glu/TSC). Then, the anticancer potential of nanoparticles was studied by evaluating their cytotoxicity and the expression of the genes involved in cell apoptosis in AGS cancer cells. Physicochemical properties of the NPs were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, and TEM imaging, and Zeta potential assays. Cytotoxicity and inhibitory concentration 50% value of the NPs was determined using the MTT assay. Moreover, the expression of the caspase-3, bax, and bcl-2 genes among NPs treated AGS cells was investigated using Real-time PCR assay. According to the results, the NPs were spherical with a size range of 10-90 nm. FT-IR assay confirmed the proper synthesis of the NPs and the zeta potential was determined -11.7 mV. The synthesized NPs showed significant cytotoxicity at concentrations ≥ 15.62 µg/mL and 50% inhibitory concentration was determined 90µg/mL. Besides, the expression of caspase-3 and bax genes in NPs treated cells increased by 1.67 and 1.80 folds, respectively, while the bcl-2 gene was regulated by 0.70 folds, compared to the control cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
497 - Investigating the Effect of Cinnamaldehyde on the Changes of Bax, BCL2, TGF-β Genes Expression in Cancer Cells of Rat’s Gastric Tissue by Dimethylhydrazine
Saber Gharatapehloo Tahereh Naji Abdolreza MohammadniaThe studies showed Bax and Bcl2, as very important genes in the process of apoptosis that can prevent cancer. The role of TGFβ gene has been also proven as a very important gene in the process of invasion and metastasis in cancers. This study aims at evaluating the MoreThe studies showed Bax and Bcl2, as very important genes in the process of apoptosis that can prevent cancer. The role of TGFβ gene has been also proven as a very important gene in the process of invasion and metastasis in cancers. This study aims at evaluating the expression changes of these three very important genes in cancer cells of rat gastric tissue by Dimethylhydrazine. In this study, forty male Wistar rats and 53 weeks old rats were evaluated and were divided into four ten-groups. The control group received only water and food, the second group received carcinogens without Cinnamaldehyde, the third group received only Cinnamaldehyde and the fourth group received carcinogens with Cinnamaldehyde at the same time. Then, the gastric tissue of rats was isolated and evaluated for the expression of Bax, Bcl2 and TGFβ genes with real-time PCR. The data was analyzed with one-way Anova using SPSS. The results of statistical analysis showed that the expression of in the carcinogen receptor Cinnamaldehyde increased in Bax, decreased in Bcl2 but increased in TGFβ genes compared with the control group, respectively. The results of this study showed that Cinnamaldehyde can be altered by changes in the expression of genes and it is hoped that in further researches, Cinnamaldehyde be considered as a candidate for therapeutic supplements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
498 - Protective Effect of Magnesium Sulfate against Experimental Models of Gastric Ulcer in NMRI Mice
Roya Rostami Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi Shahrebano OryanGastric ulcers are common digestive disorders involving stomach mucosal lesions with worldwide prevalence. There are different reasons for peptic ulcers. One common reason among west societies is ethanol consumption. The aim of the present study is pretreatment by magne MoreGastric ulcers are common digestive disorders involving stomach mucosal lesions with worldwide prevalence. There are different reasons for peptic ulcers. One common reason among west societies is ethanol consumption. The aim of the present study is pretreatment by magnesium sulfate. In this study 66 male NMRI mice were randomly divided into 11 groups and the administered mice were followed up daily for 15 days. These groups include control group (intact), control ulcer group (ethanol 10 mg/kg), standard group (omeprazole 40 mg/kg and ethanol), experimental groups (magnesium sulfate 50, 100, 200, 300 mg/kg), and experimental ulcer groups (magnesium sulfate 50, 100, 200, 300 mg/kg and ethanol). At the end of the relevant period, the levels of oxidative stress parameters were biochemically evaluated. The results of this study revealed that the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in control ulcer group significantly decreased compared to the control group. Oral administration of magnesium sulfate produced no significant effect on catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in intact animals. Animals in experimental ulcer groups represented a great increase in catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase levels over the treatment by magnesium sulfate. Moreover, our results showed that the amount of malondialdehyde in control ulcer group was significantly increased compared to the control group. Pre-treatment with magnesium sulfate caused no significant change on the amount of malondialdehyde in control group, while the level of malondialdehyde was considerably decreased in experimental ulcer groups. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that a pretreatment with MgSO4 could notably reduce oxidative stress and gastric lesions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
499 - An Investigation into the Effect of Nigella Sativa Oil on the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer Induced by Acetic Acid in Male Rats
Mahdieh AzarshabGastric ulcer or gastritis is a benign disease in the digestive system which is caused by a small ulcer in the inner lining and gastric mucosa. Among gastric ulcer characteristics is the deep ulcer that passes through the gastric mucosa. Almost all benign gastric ulcers MoreGastric ulcer or gastritis is a benign disease in the digestive system which is caused by a small ulcer in the inner lining and gastric mucosa. Among gastric ulcer characteristics is the deep ulcer that passes through the gastric mucosa. Almost all benign gastric ulcers are located in the anthrome (the lower stomach area). One of the methods to treat gastric ulcer is the use of medicinal herbs. Among effective medicinal herbs in treating gastric ulcer is Nigella sativa. The most important application of Nigella sativa is in inflammation reduction and wound healing acceleration. Substances such as linoleic oil, thymoquinone and antioxidants are obtained from nigella sativa. The rats were fed using a standard laboratory diet. Prior to surgery, the rats were deprived of food for 48 hours, and no water was given to them two hours before surgery. Gastric ulcer was generated by injecting acetic acid to stomach lining where there were no vessels. The oil at different doses was given to rats through gavage tube one day after gastric ulcer was generated. The rats were killed on days 4, 7, 10, and 14, and their stomachs were removed and the ulcer dimensions were calculated in terms of m2. Moreover, after cutting and providing lam, in order to conduct histological studies, samples were stained using hematoxylin and eosin and were examined by microscope. The obtained results showed that the percentage of wound healing in Nigella sativa at three doses (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) on days 4, 7, 10, and 14 had a significant increase in comparison to sham-operated and control groups (P<5%). Due to the presence of compounds such as terpenes, flavonoids, vitamins A, B, and C, and the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in Nigella sativa, it facilitates the gastric ulcer healing, protects stomach tissue, and reduces gastric inflammation and ulcer, and has a greater restorative effect on gastric ulcer caused by acetic acid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
500 - Evaluation of GAS8-AS1 Long Non-coding RNA Expression and GAS8 Target Gene in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Mona Patoghi Soudeh Ghafouri-FardThe expression of the growth arrest specific 8 (GAS8) and its naturally occurring anti-sense RNA (GAS8-AS1) have been assessed in tumoral tissues of different origins. However, their association with immune-related disorders has been poorly understood. In the current st MoreThe expression of the growth arrest specific 8 (GAS8) and its naturally occurring anti-sense RNA (GAS8-AS1) have been assessed in tumoral tissues of different origins. However, their association with immune-related disorders has been poorly understood. In the current study, we evaluated expression levels of these genes in 50 relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients compared to the age and sex matched healthy controls. Expression assays were performed on peripheral blood samples of study participants. Total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed using blood samples. Then assay was performed using TaqMan (Real Time PCR) technique by designing specific primers and probes sequences. Expression of both genes was significantly higher compared to controls (P=0.001 and P<0.0001, respectively). The difference in GAS8 expression was also significant in total female patients and females aged less than 50 years compared to the corresponding controls (P=0.002 and 0.006 respectively). GAS8-AS1 expression was higher in male patients in both age-based subgroups compared to the corresponding healthy subjects (P<0.0001). Expression of both genes was inversely related to the age of male participants, but this relationship was observed in none of the subgroups. The current study shows the significance of GAS8 and GAS8-AS1 in the pathogenesis of MS and the putative role of GAS8-AS1 as a diagnostic biomarker in a subset of patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
501 - The Effects of Oil Extracted of Ricinus communis (Castor Oil Plant) on the Treatment of Gastritic Ulcer Induced by Acetic Acid in Male Rats
M. Azarshab gholamhassan vaezi M. RahnamaGastric ulcer is a benign disease in the digestion system caused by a small ulcer in the mucus layer of stomach. One of the ways to cure ulcer is using medicinal herbs. The medicinal herb, helpful in curing the gastric, is Ricinus communis. Its oil is antibacterial, ant MoreGastric ulcer is a benign disease in the digestion system caused by a small ulcer in the mucus layer of stomach. One of the ways to cure ulcer is using medicinal herbs. The medicinal herb, helpful in curing the gastric, is Ricinus communis. Its oil is antibacterial, antivirus and antifungal. It contains ricin oil, antioxidant, tanen and vitamin A, E and C that reduces inflammation of the ulcer. In this investigation, 60 male rats weighing 240-280 gr were provided. They were divided into 8 groups randomly, each including 12 rats. Control, sham and experiment group 1, 2, 3 with 50, 100, 200 mg/kg for Ricinus rats were not fed 48 h, 2h given water before surgery. Gastric was caused by injecting acetic acid to where there were no vessels. One day after causing the gastric, oil was given to the rats through gavage tube with different doses. The rats were killed in the day 4, 7, 10 and 14, and their stomachs were extracted and the dimensions of ulcer calculated based on millimeter square. After cutting samples and providing Lam with hematoxylin and eosin stain the percentage of recovery in oil of Ricinus in three doses (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) in the day 4, 7, 10 and 14 had a meaningful increase in comparison with Sham and control group (P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
502 - تحلیل عددی تاثیر پارامترهای ورودی بر ارتفاع بالج در فرآیند شکلدهی آزاد داغ لوله به وسیله گاز
مهدی چوگان محسن لوح موسوی فرآیند شکل دهی داغ لوله با گاز، میتواند در صنایع اتومبیل سازی و هوافضا مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. بهبود خواص نهایی در تولید قطعه، افزایش سرعت تولید محصول نهایی، قابلیت شکل دهی مواد با چقرمگی پایین، کاهش فشار و نیروی مورد نیاز از مزایای این فرآیند میباشد. همچنین هز More فرآیند شکل دهی داغ لوله با گاز، میتواند در صنایع اتومبیل سازی و هوافضا مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. بهبود خواص نهایی در تولید قطعه، افزایش سرعت تولید محصول نهایی، قابلیت شکل دهی مواد با چقرمگی پایین، کاهش فشار و نیروی مورد نیاز از مزایای این فرآیند میباشد. همچنین هزینه ابزار آلات و تجهیزات مورد نیاز برای ساخت قطعه در فرآیند شکل دهی داغ لوله با گاز در مقایسه با روشهای قبلی شکل دهی با سیال نظیر هیدروفرمینگ گرم مطلوب تر میباشد. امروزه کاربرد آلیاژهای آلومینیوم- منیزیم با توجه به وزن سبک این آلیاژها افزایش یافته است. این آلیاژها در دمای محیط شکلپذیری پایینی دارند و برای شکلدهی این آلیاژها از روشهای گرم و داغ استفاده میگردد. در این مقاله، تاثیر پارامترهای ورودی بر پارامتر خروجی ارتفاع بالج لوله از جنس آلیاژ آلومینیومی (Al6063) در فرآیند بالج آزاد داغ لوله به وسیله گاز مورد بررسی و مقایسه عددی قرار گرفته است. نتایج به دست آمده نشان میدهد که با افزایش مقادیر پارامترهای ورودی از جمله ضخامت و طول اولیه لوله، ارتفاع بالج کاهش یافته و با افزایش میزان تغذیه محوری و قطر خارجی لوله، ارتفاع بالج افزایش خواهد یافتر Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
503 - تحلیل عددی تاثیر فشار ضربانی برکاهش ضخامت در فرآیند شکلدهی آزاد داغ لوله به وسیله گاز
علی طالبی انارکی محسن لوح موسوی -
Open Access Article
504 - Thermodynamic analysis of two-shaft radial gas turbine data using artificial neural network method
Hamidreza Mektaazadeh بابک مهماندوست Mojtaba Haratian -
Open Access Article
505 - Stress analysis of non-linearly variable thickness rotating disk in gas turbine engine using hyper-geometric method
Behrooz Shahriari Nedasadat Seddighi -
Open Access Article
506 - A geometric approach for automatic guidance of marine loading arms
Omid KavianipourThis paper deals with an assembly of articulated piping titled Marine Loading Arm (MLA). The MLA is developed to transfer liquids and gasses between jetty and ship in order to load or unload cargo such as cryogenic or high temperature products, and the most corrosive or MoreThis paper deals with an assembly of articulated piping titled Marine Loading Arm (MLA). The MLA is developed to transfer liquids and gasses between jetty and ship in order to load or unload cargo such as cryogenic or high temperature products, and the most corrosive or hazardous products. The purpose of this work is to automate the conduction of a self-supporting MLA balanced via two single adjustable counterweights by means of a simple and practical approach. The proposed strategy complies with the specifications advised by the Oil Companies and International Marine Forum (OCIMF) and industry requirements. This strategy employs a geometric method to determine the appropriate voltage value to drive the hydraulic actuators, which in turn enables safe and rapid control of the MLA from the berth to the coastal tanker flange. Furthermore, validation of the results is performed utilizing the motion simulation in ADAMS software. Finally, the electro-hydraulic circuit diagram for the actuator movement is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
507 - Techno-enviro assessment and dynamic energy balance simulation of the domestic-scale solar heating system in Lebanon
Mehdi Jahangiri Hasan Ali Lotfi Nagafabadi Esmaeil Moradi Seyed Mohammad Noorbakhsh Hamed Saghaei Hussein A. Kazem Miqdam Tariq ChaichanStatistics show that the residential and service sectors consume a large amount of the total generated energy in every country, most of which is spent for space and water heating. Solar water heater (SWH) as a recently developed technique can be used for supplying most MoreStatistics show that the residential and service sectors consume a large amount of the total generated energy in every country, most of which is spent for space and water heating. Solar water heater (SWH) as a recently developed technique can be used for supplying most of the energy consumption which is necessary to be considered for social and economic development and continuously improving the quality of life. Practical measures of SWH for space and water heating have not been developed enough and no feasibility study has been conducted on the subject in Lebanon. To do so, using the energy software such METEOSYN and TSOL as very important pre-fabrication tools for the simulation, modelling and analysis of every management applications for energy development-based systems, we study the potential of using domestic-scale SWHs in residential apartments at 2 stations in Lebanon. The results show that Tripoli station, which supplies 37.8% of its total heating needs, is more suitable than Riyaq, which could provide for 32.1% of its total needs. The results also demonstrate that both stations produce 2915.7 kWh for space heating and 5403.7 kWh for water heating annually using SWH. This method prevent the emission of 2.4 tons of CO2 pollutant gas annually based on fossil fuels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
508 - تحلیل و شبیهسازی تأثیر دمای ورودی به توربین بر عملکرد ترمودینامیکیسیکل ترکیبی آب - آمونیاک
سهیل محترم علی آقا میرجلیلی احمدرضا فقیه خراسانیبا توجه به اهمیت سیکل­های تولید توان و از آن جمله سیکل ترکیبی، در سالهای اخیر مطالعات فراوانی در این زمینه صورت گرفته و محققان بسیاری با استفاده از روشهای موجود سعی در بهینه کردن این سیکل­ها داشته­اند.در این تحقیق به بررسی سیکل آب- آمونیاک پرداختهشده است. Moreبا توجه به اهمیت سیکل­های تولید توان و از آن جمله سیکل ترکیبی، در سالهای اخیر مطالعات فراوانی در این زمینه صورت گرفته و محققان بسیاری با استفاده از روشهای موجود سعی در بهینه کردن این سیکل­ها داشته­اند.در این تحقیق به بررسی سیکل آب- آمونیاک پرداختهشده است. در سیکل ترکیبی آب-آمونیاک از مخلوط دوگانه آب- آمونیاک بهعنوان سیال عامل استفاده می­شود. این سیکل قابلیت استفاده از منابعی مانند انرژی اتلافی سیکل قدرت معمولی و یا منبع حرارتی مستقلی که از انرژی خورشیدی و یا زمینگرمایی استفاده میکند را دارد. هدف از این مقاله بررسی تأثیر دمای ورودی به توربین بر عملکرد ترمودینامیکی سیکل ترکیبی آب-آمونیاک هست.در این پژوهش به کمک نرمافزارEESابتدا سیکل تولید توان آب- آمونیاک مدل­سازی شده و سپس بهمنظور بررسی و مقایسه، سیکل ترکیبی گاز- رانکین شبیهسازی ترمودینامیکی شده و از دیدگاه قانون اول و دوم ترمودینامیک موردمطالعهقرارگرفتهاند. درنهایت به بررسی تأثیر دمای ورودی به توربین بر عملکرد ترمودینامیکی پرداختهشده است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
509 - The Model of Competitive Performance Improvement Emphasizing the Theory of Dynamic Capabilities in Iran's Oil and Gas Industries
seyedreza rahnamaytohidi Houshang Taghizadeh Soleyman Iranzadeh.... According to the dynamic capabilities theory, adopting and pursuing appropriate strategies in the form of coherent and intertwined meta-processes can lead to the creation and promotion of key and distinctive capabilities of the organization. Therefore, one of the More.... According to the dynamic capabilities theory, adopting and pursuing appropriate strategies in the form of coherent and intertwined meta-processes can lead to the creation and promotion of key and distinctive capabilities of the organization. Therefore, one of the necessities of promoting competitive performance is to adopt and pursue appropriate strategies in order to improve and enhance the dynamic capabilities of the organization. The purpose of this study was to present a model of competitive performance in the field of international markets with emphasizing theory of dynamic capacity in Iran's oil and gas industry. This research is a fundamental and in terms of method, is a combination of qualitative and quantitative that utilized in two phases. In first phase, systematic review and extraction of the content model were performed with the help of scientometric and text mining tools. In the second phase, 27 themes and in 7 categories, in the form of a questionnaire and after checking validity and reliability among the subsidiaries experts of the oil and gas industry is distributed. After data collection, the research model was evaluated through the statistical approach of confirmatory factor analysis using SmartPLS software. The findings of the second phase indicate the confirmation by experts as effective factors in promoting competitive performance with emphasis on the theory of organizational dynamic capacity in Iran's oil and gas industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
510 - Scruting the performance of commodity suppliers and contractors, supply chain gas company province charmahal and bakhtiari by methodology dea
mahin fazeli farsani fatemeh ziglari shahram AsadiNowadays the need for more specialized businesses based on market demand for the goods and services as well as customized consumer trends, strategic alliances and organizations need to have a unified supply chain. In this case, selection of suppliers in line with long-t MoreNowadays the need for more specialized businesses based on market demand for the goods and services as well as customized consumer trends, strategic alliances and organizations need to have a unified supply chain. In this case, selection of suppliers in line with long-term goals and strategies not only increases efficiency, but also the effectiveness of the activities, the efficiency of the organization will be effective as well. The objective of this study was to scrute the performance of two groups of commodity suppliers and contractors supply chain gas province, which was conducted using data envelopment analysis. Data from this study for suppliers of goods, in addition to written documentation by gas firm the questionnaire that was sent to the experts of commodity gas companies across the country, but only 10 of them responded, and data on contractors by standard questionnaire itself now collected. Results showed that the most important factor that should be according suppliers is the most important indicator of the contractors operating the facility and equipment, as well as suppliers and contractors performance and can be set at one hundred percent rated suppliers and contractors, and other achievements of this study select a model for commodity suppliers and contractors gas Company is Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
511 - Analysis of Environmental Impacts on the Characteristics of Gas Released from Biomass
Reza Alayi Ehsan Sobhani Atabak Najafi -
Open Access Article
512 - Investigation Benzene emission from Gas Stations in Tehran’s 22 Districts and its Modeling in Regions with the Highest Emission Levels
maryam chehrehei Seyed Alireza Mirzahosseini Nabiollah Mansouri Mohammad Hassan Behzadi Youssef Rashidi -
Open Access Article
513 - Estimation of Concentration of Air Pollutants in Shazand Thermal Power Plant with Support Vector Machine Model Based on Selection of Effective Input Variables with Partial Mutual Information (PMI) Algorithm of Distribution of Air Pollutants
Seyed Ali Jozi Ghodratollah Siahpour Neda Orak Hossein Fathian Solmaz Dashti -
Open Access Article
514 - Implementation of Analytical Hierarchy Process to Prioritize Health, Safety and Environment Risks of Hydrocarbon-Rich Sludge in South Pars Gas Complex-First Refinery, Iran
Mehdi Khezri Maryam Farahani Saeed Motahhari Bita Azadbakht -
Open Access Article
515 - The evaluation of the safety culture and the effect of educational intervention using the BASNEF model to promote the employees’ health and safety of Persian Gulf Yadavaran Gas Refinery Co. (PGYGRC)
saeid jayervandi Katayon Varshosaz -
Open Access Article
516 - Sand accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract and its relationship with its ultrasound evaluation of excretion stool in Kurd foal
Rasoul RahimzadehConsistent intake of sand (and soil) with unprotected feed in the feces may cause it to accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract and lead to gastrointestinal disorders, This study is a report of the study of sand accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract of Kurdish hor MoreConsistent intake of sand (and soil) with unprotected feed in the feces may cause it to accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract and lead to gastrointestinal disorders, This study is a report of the study of sand accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract of Kurdish horses by diagnostic methods. So far, there have been no reports of horse butter from any breed in Iran. Therefore, none of the available studies includes the evaluation of the prevalence and diagnosis of sand without signs of accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract of foal. This study is also the first study to examine the foal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of sand accumulated in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy horses and to compare ultrasound and the amount of sand excreted. Abdominal ultrasound was evaluated. Ultrasound examination showed the presence of sand, sand was found in a single place, usually detected in the left diagnostic window. The mean amount of sand was 0.18 ± 0.21 g per 100 g of feces. Sand may accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract without any clinical signs. The amount of sand excreted in the stool does not indicate the amount of sand accumulated in the gastrointestinal tract. Abdominal ultrasound examination should be combined with it for more specific results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
517 - Investigation of buffering capacity of some buffer additives and an optimized buffer and its effect on gas production parameters of diets with different concentrate levels
Vahid Shahsanam Saeed Sobhanirad Kamran Reza Yazdi Parham Moslehifar In this study, the buffering resistance pattern of sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, sodium bentonite, and zeolite were statistically compared by plotting the titration curve and comparing the slope of the curves. Ac More In this study, the buffering resistance pattern of sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, sodium bentonite, and zeolite were statistically compared by plotting the titration curve and comparing the slope of the curves. According to the results of the buffer capacity, raw materials and their percentages were determined to produce the optimized multi-component buffer. The produced buffer acid-pH curve slope was compared with other slopes. No significant difference was observed in the slope of the optimized buffer with sodium bicarbonate (p <0.05). To ensure optimal buffer performance under ruminal conditions, experimental diets of low concentrate diet without buffer additive (CF), high concentrate diet without buffer additive (CC), low concentrate diet + 1% sodium bicarbonate (NF), high concentrate diet + 1% sodium bicarbonate (NC), low concentrate diet + 1% optimized buffer (BF) and high concentrate diet + 1% optimized buffer (BC), were examined with gas production test at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 24, 48, 72 and 96 after incubation in ruminal fluid. The use of buffer additives has positive effects on maintaining acid-base balance in the rumen and thus improving the ecology of rumen microorganisms, which was accompanied by a significant increase in gas production (p <0.05). The use of buffer supplements will improve the fermentation process and can significantly increase the digestibility of organic matter and feed metabolizable energy (p <0.05). In addition, the results showed that the optimized buffer has a similar function to sodium bicarbonate and can be used as a suitable alternative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
518 - The effect of microencapsulation on Lactobacillus casei and Bifdobacterium bifdum survival under simulated gastro-intestinal condition
M.A Khosravi Zanjani N. Mohammadi کسری Behrooz Nasab A.A SolatiMicroencapsulation as one of the most modern methods has remarkable effects on probiotic survival. The objectiveof this study is to evaluate the survival of free and microencapsulated probiotic bacteria in simulated human gastrointestinal condition.Lactobacillus casei ( MoreMicroencapsulation as one of the most modern methods has remarkable effects on probiotic survival. The objectiveof this study is to evaluate the survival of free and microencapsulated probiotic bacteria in simulated human gastrointestinal condition.Lactobacillus casei (PTCC 1608) and Bifdobacterium bifdum (PTCC1644) were encapsulated with calciumalginate, resistant maize starch and inulin via emulsion technique and incubated in simulated gastric juice )pepsinincluded, pH= 1/5) and simulated intestinal juice )pancreatin and bile salts included, pH= 8) for 2 hours at 37 oC.The morphology and size of microcapsules were measured by SEM technique and optical microscopy. The resultsshowed that the survival of microencapsulated probiotic was increased signifcantly in simulated gastro-intestinalcondition (P<0.05). Resistant maize starch was played a signifcant role in the protection of probiotic bacteriain simulated gastro-intestinal condition and did not affect the size of microcapsules. In the emulsion techniquecapsules are formed in micron range size and the shape of microcapsules was generally spherical.In general, this study indicated that microencapsulation enhanced the survival rate of probiotic bacteria signifcantlyin the simulated human gastro-intestinal condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
519 - Shale Gas and Enrgy Security in Persian Gulf
Abolghasem Taheri Alireza RostamaghaeThe country like United States presence in gas production world by shale gas production which was considered as a largest importer of LNG in the world would be one of the biggest challenge for other gas exporter countries. At the time being internal gas production in Un MoreThe country like United States presence in gas production world by shale gas production which was considered as a largest importer of LNG in the world would be one of the biggest challenge for other gas exporter countries. At the time being internal gas production in United States minimize gas price levels in Europe and Asia, so market analyzers believe that United States shift from being the world’s largest importer of gas to being a major global exporter till end of current decade. In coming years energy independence in United States will change global geopolitics that Persian Gulf would be the most sensitive area to this change. Huge oil and gas reserves in this area always were one of the major reasons of United States interest in this region. Now a third of global oil demand is supplied by this area and it put in the international focus.In this review shale gas revolution in United States and its impacts on global energy market and other countries is investigated. Specifically on one of the gravity center of world energy, Persian Gulf which rely on its oil and gas revenues highly. The theory would be that by reducing United States energy dependence energy producer especially in Middle East will face hydrocarbon resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
520 - Fabrication of NO2 gas sensor structure based on ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles
Mahsa Mojiri Andani Parviz Kameli Saeid Salari Mehdi RanjbarNO2 as a toxic gas in the environment and industry, is abundantly produced and needs to be detected. In this research, the measurement of NO2 gas using ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles made through a simple co-precipitation, process has been investigated. The structure and surface MoreNO2 as a toxic gas in the environment and industry, is abundantly produced and needs to be detected. In this research, the measurement of NO2 gas using ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles made through a simple co-precipitation, process has been investigated. The structure and surface morphology of the prepared samples have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The X-ray diffraction spectrum shows that the structure of the sample is well formed without impurities. Electron microscope images show that the nanoparticles are formed as nanoplates with an average thickness of 30 nm. Gas sensing measurements were performed by exposing the sensor to %0.5 of NO2 gas at temperatures between 150 ℃ and 375 ℃. The measurements made in terms of temperature showed the maximum response at the temperature of 300 ℃, to %0.5 of NO2 gas. Also, the ZnMn2O4 sensor showed a repeatable and stable electrical signal. Therefore, ZnMn2O4 nanoparticles have a promising potential in the field of gas sensors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
521 - Evaluating the effect of the energy factor on international relations with an emphasis on energy security (descriptive-analytical approach)
مجید افشاری راد Sara Nasiri Khesht Masjedi Ali RezaeiDue to the undeniable importance of energy in development countries, energy security is an important object in the economic and political policies of countries. In fact, the importance of the issue of energy security in today's world has caused a wide interaction betwee MoreDue to the undeniable importance of energy in development countries, energy security is an important object in the economic and political policies of countries. In fact, the importance of the issue of energy security in today's world has caused a wide interaction between energy and politics, and many friendships, competitions and political developments in the world are influenced by energy and its surrounding issues. This paper examines the theoretical aspects of the problem of energy security which is becoming a topical geopolitical issue today. In other word, interpreting the concept of energy security and a geopolitical factor of energy security have become important. The results indicate that in order to achieve sustainable energy security, countries should pay special attention to the geopolitical dimension to evaluate energy security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
522 - Designing an effective model of strategic thinking of human resource managers of the National Iranian Gas Company in the direction of individual productivity and innovation with a combined approach
mahmud hashemi Malike Beheshtifar Seyed sobhan LavasaniThe ability to think strategically at multiple organizational levels is critical to leaders and managers. Specific work experiences can contribute to the development of an individual's strategic thinking ability. Therefore, the capacity of managers for strategic thinkin MoreThe ability to think strategically at multiple organizational levels is critical to leaders and managers. Specific work experiences can contribute to the development of an individual's strategic thinking ability. Therefore, the capacity of managers for strategic thinking is the key to a high level of performance.The purpose of this study was to design an effective model for the development of strategic thinking of human resource managers of the National Iranian Gas Company in terms of productivity and individual innovation. The present study was applied in terms of purpose, in terms of nature, survey and part of combined-exploratory research. The results indicate that senior management, individual factors, group factors, organizational factors and systemic factors affect the strategic thinking of the organization. Also, the analysis of statistical data proved that the use of strategic thinking on productivity in the implementation of organizational policies has a positive and significant relationship. The ISM technique was also used to conduct this research. Finally, after conducting research, the systemic approach is at the first level, which means that this index is the most influential element. At the last level is the senior management index, which means that this index is the most influential factor among the factors affecting the strategic thinking of human resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
523 - Artistic and literary analysis of dream in the text and the painting of the tale “Tus sees Siavash in a dream” from the perspective of criticism of imagination devised by Gaston Bachelard
hamideh hormati Roya Rezapour MogaddamArtistic and literary analysis of dream in the text and the painting of the tale “Tus sees Siavash in a dream” from the perspective of criticism of imagination devised by Gaston Bachelard *Hamideh Hormati Assistant Professor, Persian Literature, Fa MoreArtistic and literary analysis of dream in the text and the painting of the tale “Tus sees Siavash in a dream” from the perspective of criticism of imagination devised by Gaston Bachelard *Hamideh Hormati Assistant Professor, Persian Literature, Faculty member, Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran **Roya Rezapour Moghadam Faculty member, Faculty of Islamic Art, Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran Date of reception: 96/8/27 Date of acceptance: 97/10/19 Abstract Gaston Bachelard, epistemologist, critic, philosopher, recognized as the prime structuralists of France had pioneered a new style of criticism based on the analysis and interpretation of artistic and literary images. Having based his criticism on the four elements, he believed a great deal in material imagination of the poet and its connection with the unconscious and phenomenological issues. From his epistemological perspective, dream and poetic imagination through the four elements and in terms of mythological archetypes for obvious and obscure reasons find material manifestations. In order to accept the literary role as well as invoking the feelings of the audience dreams appear with dual images. Analysis and interpretation of the material imagination and this duality respectively unravels the mystery of the text. The tale of “Tus sees Siavash in a dream” is one of the ten narratives in shahnameh which was painted beautifully in Shah Tahmasb’s Shahnameh as a unique example of portraying dream world of the poet be materialized in the Persian painting. This article is an attempt to represent the ancient connection between literature and art, painting in particular from the view point of material imagination using Bachelard’s ideas regarding poet’s imagination and its correspondence with the painting only to determine the standpoint of four elements in Ferdowsi’s imagination and how they found expression in terms of words and images, also to reveal to what extent they correspond with Bachelard’s criticism of imagination in poetry and painting. According to the findings it can be said that the poet and the painter had made use of Bachelard’s material imagination and dialectic duality in creation of their works. * . hormati@tabriziau.ac.ir ** . rezapour@tabrizau.ac.ir Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
524 - Relationship between Marital Satisfaction, Body Image Concern, Guilt Feeling and Sexual Autonomy With Symptoms of Orgasmic Disorder in Married Women
Maryam Ghazaie nastaran sadri leyly ramezan saatchiOrgasm is a rapid sense of sexual pleasure peak that is usually accompanied by involuntary and rhythmic contractions of the pelvic, abdominal, and anal muscles. Female orgasm can be caused by sexual stimulation of different sexual and asexual parts. Women's ability to r MoreOrgasm is a rapid sense of sexual pleasure peak that is usually accompanied by involuntary and rhythmic contractions of the pelvic, abdominal, and anal muscles. Female orgasm can be caused by sexual stimulation of different sexual and asexual parts. Women's ability to reach orgasm varies from not having an orgasm to having multiple orgasms. Orgasmic disorder in women is defined as the frequent and permanent delay or absence of orgasm following a natural stage of sexual arousal associated with stress and interpersonal problems. The aim of this study was to predict the symptoms of orgasmic disorder based on marital satisfaction, body image concern, guilt and sexual autonomy in married women. For this purpose, in a descriptive correlational study, 288 married women referring to cultural centers in Tehran were selected by available sampling method and in terms of sexual autonomy, female sexual function index, guilt feeling, marital satisfaction and concern about Body image were evaluated. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that guilt feeling, marital satisfaction and body image concern are the best predictors of orgasmic symptoms in women, respectively. The results of this study support the relationship between guilt feeling, marital satisfaction and body image with orgasmic disorder syndrome. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
525 - Identifying the Components of Selecting Suppliers and Contractors in the Supply Chain Resilience of Iran's Oil and Gas Projects Under the Uncertainty Environment
HamidReza Karimi Saber Khandan Neda FarahbakhshThe purpose of this paper is to identify the components of selecting suppliers in the resilient supply network of Iran's oil and gas projects with the fuzzy Delphi technique, weighting and prioritizing each one with the fuzzy best-worst technique and evaluating and rank MoreThe purpose of this paper is to identify the components of selecting suppliers in the resilient supply network of Iran's oil and gas projects with the fuzzy Delphi technique, weighting and prioritizing each one with the fuzzy best-worst technique and evaluating and ranking the options. (suppliers) regarding the level of resilience in the supply network of Iran's oil and gas projects with Mapak and Covaliflex techniques and summarizing the results with Borda technique. The aspect of innovation and novelty of the current research is the use of fuzzy logic, consideration of supplier resilience and its combination with multi-indicator decision-making techniques in introducing the local model of supplier selection in Iran's oil and gas industry. The population and the statistical sample of the present study are 23 senior managers in the field of logistics in Iran's oil and gas industries. The results of component screening with fuzzy Delphi showed that indigenous patterns were identified in six criteria and thirty-seven sub-criteria. The results of weighting the dimensions of selecting resilient suppliers with the fuzzy best-worst technique showed that the criterion of flexibility (resilience) is the most important criterion, and price and cost (economic criterion), the second rank, and agility. Supplier services, supplier characteristics and capacity, and quality and technology were ranked third to sixth respectively. Also, the sub-criteria of each criterion were weighted and ranked. Then, the contractors supplying precision instruments in Iran's oil and gas industry were evaluated with the proposed model and ranked with MAPPAK and Qualiflix techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
526 - Effects of Rice Hulls and Acidifier Supplementation on Growth Performance and Gut Physiology in Broiler Chickens
S. Banibugari M. Sedghi R. Mirshekar A.H. Mahdavi A. AzarfarThe experiment was conducted to study how adding rice hulls and an acidifier to the diet affected perform-ance, histomorphology, and microbial colonization in the gastrointestinal system of broiler chickens. A completely randomized design was used to test eight treatmen MoreThe experiment was conducted to study how adding rice hulls and an acidifier to the diet affected perform-ance, histomorphology, and microbial colonization in the gastrointestinal system of broiler chickens. A completely randomized design was used to test eight treatments and five replications of 1000 day-old-male Arbor Acres broiler chickens (45±1 g). Dietary treatments included control (no additives 1-42 days), acidi-fier (control+0.1% acidifier from 1-42 days), RH10 (3% rice hull from 1-10 days and control diet from 11-42 days), RH10 + acidifier (3% rice hulls from 1-10 days and control diet+0.1% acidifier from 11-42 days), RH24 (3% rice hulls from 1-24 days and control diet from 25-42 days), RH24 + acidifier (3% rice hulls from 1-24 days and control diet+0.1% acidifier from 25-42 days), RH42 (3% rice hulls from 1-42 days) and RH42 + acidifier (3% of the rice hulls+0.1% acidifier from 1-42 days). Feed conversion ratio significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the RH24 + acidifier group compared with RH10 and control groups after 24 and 42 days. The RH42 + acidifierbirds had lower mortality than RH24+acidifier birds (P<0.05). Also, at 42 days of age, feeding RH42 + acidifier diet increased villus height/crypt depth (P<0.01). Acidifiers increased the Lactobacillus population in the small intestine of broiler chickens. The lowest gizzard pH was observed in birds fed 3% rice hulls from 0 to 42 days of age (P<0.05). In general, the addition of 30 kg/ton of rice hulls to the broiler feed, from 0 to 42 days of age, caused the highest possible weight gain and the lowest mortal-ity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
527 - The Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Arginine and Rice Hull on Growth Performance, Immune Responses, Intestinal Morphology, Tibia Bone Mineral Content and Intestinal Microbial Population of Broiler Chickens
M. Abbasabadi S.M. Hosseini H. Naeimipour F. Izadi YazdanabadiArginine and fibers may have positive effects on gastrointestinal tract and indirectly affect immune re-sponses, growth performance, intestinal morphology and microbial population. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of arginine and ric MoreArginine and fibers may have positive effects on gastrointestinal tract and indirectly affect immune re-sponses, growth performance, intestinal morphology and microbial population. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of arginine and rice hull on growth performance, immune re-sponses, intestinal morphology and intestinal microbial population of broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty male broiler chickens were randomly allocated into nine dietary treatments with four replications of 10 broiler chickens based on a factorial arrangement (3×3) in a completely randomized design. Experimen-tal treatments were including basal diets supplemented with arginine (90, 100, and 110% recommended levels), and fiber (0.00, 2.50, and 5.00%). Growth performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology, tibia bone mineral content and intestinal microbial population of broiler chickens were measured. The ef-fects of dietary inclusion of rice hull, arginine, and their interactions were significant on average daily gain (P<0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.05), so that highest gain and the lowest feed conversion ratio were observed in broiler chickens fed with highest levels of arginine (110.00%) and fiber (5.00%). Dietary supplementation of arginine progressively increased immune responses (P<0.05), while inclusion of rice hull increased villus height and crypt depth (P<0.05) and decreased the concentrations of calcium (P<0.05), phosphorous (P<0.05) and magnesium (P<0.05). The inclusion of arginine (P<0.05), and fiber (P<0.05) in higher levels increased Lactobacilli population (P<0.05). In total, higher levels of fiber (5.00%) and arginine (110.00%) improved the growth performance and are suggested in diet of broiler chickens for improving growth performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
528 - The Effect of Various Dietary Fibre Sources on Performance, Cecal and Ileal Nutrient Digestibility in Broiler Chickens
Y. Mohammadi A.A. Saki S. Mirzaei Goudarzi A. Ahmadi Z. Bardel S. MohammadianThis experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different sources of insoluble fiber on perform-ance, gastrointestinal tract characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in the broiler's ileum, and cecum. A total of 380-day-old chickens of ross 308 unsexed we MoreThis experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different sources of insoluble fiber on perform-ance, gastrointestinal tract characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in the broiler's ileum, and cecum. A total of 380-day-old chickens of ross 308 unsexed were arranged into 5 treatments, 4 replicates, and 19 chickens in each, by completely randomized design (CRD). Experimental treatments included 1: control (corn-soybean meal) 2: arbocel (synthetic fiber) 1% in diet, 3: sunflower hulls (3% in diet), 4: soybean hull (3% in diet), 5: processed wheat straw (3%in diet). Observed parameter include: performance (feed intake, feed conversion ratio and body weight gain), gastrointestinal pH, gastrointestinal viscosity and digestibility of dry matter and protein in ileum and cecum and microbial population in ileum and cecum. The results have shown that the inclusion of 3% sunflower hulls in diets leads to the higher average feed intake from 1 to 10 days of age rather than control (P<0.05). In comparison between the ileum and cecum showed that the higher viscosity by Arbocel® in the cecum and the lowest viscosity showed by wheat straw in the ileum (P<0.05). On the other hand, the digestibility of protein and dry matter in the ileum was higher than the cecum (P<0.05). According to the results of this study, it could be noted that all fibers are considered in-soluble fibers and their different behavior in the gastrointestinal tract. The diet Arbocel® has generally led to physicochemical changes (digesta pH and viscosity) and microbial populations. It could be the most im-portant reason for these observations which is related to insoluble fiber particle size and their processing. In addition, reduced dry matter and protein digestibility in the cecum in comparison to the ileum status. Fi-nally, digest pH, viscosity, dry matter and protein digestibility were reduced by insoluble fiber in cecum in comparison to ileum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
529 - Investigation of environmental impacts in sugar beet production and the effect of production inputs on yield and profit to cost ratio
Shayan Firozi Mohammad Gholami Iraj Ranjbar Davood Mohammad ZamaniAssessment of energy and environmental pollutants of production process is important in terms of providing solutions to reduce energy consumption and emissions. The purpose of this study was to investigate and predict the yield and profit to cost ratio and environmental MoreAssessment of energy and environmental pollutants of production process is important in terms of providing solutions to reduce energy consumption and emissions. The purpose of this study was to investigate and predict the yield and profit to cost ratio and environmental effects in sugar beet production to improve energy consumption and reduce global warming. The Cobb-Douglas model was used to investigate the effect of inputs on performance and profit-to-cost ratio. Environmental impact assessment was performed using Simapro software based on CML2 baseline2000 method. The required data were collected through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with sugar beet growers in Khorasan Razavi, Fars, Khuzestan and Isfahan Provinces. The results showed that with a one percent increase in manpower inputs, diesel fuel, chemical fertilizers, electricity and seeds, the yield was increased or decreased 1.84, -0.59, -0.19, 0.13 and 0.39 percent, respectively. With a one percent increase in the costs of machinery, chemical fertilizers and seeds, 0.23, -0.39 and 0.98 percent were increased or decreased in terms of profit to cost, respectively. Fertilizers and chemical toxins (more than 90%) have the greatest effects on organic matter depletion and open water toxicity. Electricity consumption was also more than 20% effective in reducing inorganic matter and ozone depletion. The effects of open water poisoning and depletion of organic matter had the greatest environmental impact. The total emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere was 745.79 kg .ha-1. Analysis of soil parameters and proper management of agricultural machinery use can minimize energy consumption and environmental pollutants from production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
530 - Identification of some medicinal plants in Rustam region (Fars province, Iran)
Saeideh Khaloei Elham HatamiIntroduction: Medicinal plants are an important part of traditional medicine in many countries including Iran and they are also valuable in new therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study is to identify some medicinal plants that local residents of Rustam and surround MoreIntroduction: Medicinal plants are an important part of traditional medicine in many countries including Iran and they are also valuable in new therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study is to identify some medicinal plants that local residents of Rustam and surrounding villages are widely used in treatment of disease.Experimental: The data sheets were recorded by using field surveys, knowledge of local people, identification and classification of these plants. For each species, scientific name, local name, usable organs of plants and common therapeutic properties were provided. The totals of 54 species belonging to 33 families were collected. Asteraceae with eight species was the largest families among the other families.Results: Most of these medicinal plants were used for treatment of gastrointestinal and infectious disease. A large number of plants in this region have medicinal properties and economic values. Therefore, it is essential for local people and natural resources organization to protect them against extinction and uncontrolled harvesting.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that these plants are mostly used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
531 - Evaluation and Model Presenting of Human Resource Agility in order to Improve Operational Processes (Case study: East Azerbaijan Gas Company)
Houshang Taghizadeh Mostafa Ziyaei HajipirluThe aim of this study was to evaluate and present a model of ‎human ‎resource agility in the East Azarbaijan Province Gas Company. ‎The ‎statistical population includes all official, contract employees, ‎and ‎designated third-party staff. Accordi MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate and present a model of ‎human ‎resource agility in the East Azarbaijan Province Gas Company. ‎The ‎statistical population includes all official, contract employees, ‎and ‎designated third-party staff. According to available statistics, ‎the ‎number of employees at the time of the survey was 1806. To assess ‎the ‎community from the perspective of agility, a localized ‎agility ‎questionnaire was prepared‎. Its validity and reliability were ‎evaluated ‎by the content ‎validity ‎approach and assessing internal ‎consistency, ‎respectively. To evaluate the status of the statistical ‎population from ‎the perspective of agility, no sampling was done and ‎a questionnaire ‎was sent to all members of the statistical population. ‎After sending it ‎in four follow-up rounds, 1111 questionnaires were ‎received and the ‎relevant analyzes were performed based on them. In ‎order to achieve ‎the agility model, a total of 24 experts were ‎interviewed, and the ‎process of data collection and simultaneous ‎analysis showed that after ‎‎16 interviews, a new code could not be ‎extracted and theoretical ‎saturation was achieved; but for ensuring, ‎the collection of qualitative ‎data continued until interview 24. Taking ‎into account the duplicate ‎open codes, a total of 2026 codes were ‎collected, which after ‎classifying the overlapping concepts, were ‎classified into 94 concepts. ‎Finally, the model of capacity building and ‎resilience of human ‎resources based on the data-based approach is ‎explained and analyzed, ‎and suggestions related to the promotion of ‎agility are presented based ‎on the findings.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
532 - Mathematical modeling and simulation of improving the flow of transportation of petrochemical products in a green supply chain
Hamidreza Mahmoudi Morteza Bazrafshan Mohadeseh AhmadipourIn this research, a framework for optimizing the oil condensate supply chain is modeled using mathematical programming to design and make strategic and tactical decisions. Based on this framework, investment and operating costs and greenhouse gas emissions for oil and g MoreIn this research, a framework for optimizing the oil condensate supply chain is modeled using mathematical programming to design and make strategic and tactical decisions. Based on this framework, investment and operating costs and greenhouse gas emissions for oil and gas transmission lines can be minimized to meet pressure and transmission network needs. We can also minimize the production of pollutants in the related parts of the chain. By applying a real case study, all possible decisions are taken into account to consider the environmental aspects of the supply chain. Therefore, the structure and decisions of the supply chain are generally based on two objective functions, including the reduction of transportation and maintenance costs and pollution in treatment plants and distribution centers. The proposed model is reliable with good accuracy compared to simulation modeling and NSGA-II meta-heuristic algorithm and can estimate the objectives well. Using the proposed model reduces costs by 31% and greenhouse gas emissions by 51%. There will also be an 8% increase in the capacity of fields and refineries and a 65% increase in exports. Using the results obtained from solving the model, it is possible to determine the share of each oil product in the total price and each part of the chain in the production of greenhouse gases. Manuscript profile
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