اثرات تزریق داخل تخم مرغی گلوتامین بر جوجه درآوری، عملکردهای بعدی، فعالیت‌های آنزیمی دستگاه گوارش، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و برخی فراسنجه‌های خونی جوجه‌های گوشتی
Subject Areas : Camel
م.
سلمان‌زاده
1
(Departments of Animal Science, Shabestar branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran)
ی.
ابراهیم‌نژاد
2
(گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شبستر)
ح.
اقدم شهریار
3
(Departments of Animal Science, Shabestar branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran)
ج.
قیاسی قلعه‌کندی
4
(Departments of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran)
Keywords: عملکرد, طیور, گلوتامین, تزریق داخل تخم مرغ, پاسخ سیستم ایمنی, آنزیم دستگاه گوارش,
Abstract :
این آزمایش برای بررسی اثرات تزریق داخل تخم مرغی گلوتامین بر صفات جوجه درآوری، عملکرد رشد، فعالیت‌های آنزیمی دستگاه گوارش، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و برخی فراسنجه‌های خونی جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام شد. برای این مطالعه، 2100 عدد تخم مرغ از گله 43 هفتگی تهیه شد. ال-گلوتامین (10، 20، 30، 40 و 50 میلی‌گرم محلول در 0.5 میلی‌لیتر آب دیونیزه) در روز چهاردهم انکوباسیون در داخل آلبومین تزریق شد. جوجه درآوری، عملکرد رشد، فعالیت‌های آنزیمی دستگاه گوارش (آمیلاز و لیپاز)، پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و فراسنجه‌های خونی (گلوکز، کلسترول، تری‌گلیسیرید، HDL، LDL، پروتیین کل و آلکالین فسفاتاز) در طول آزمایش مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. وزن جوجه‌های تازه تفریخ شده در گروه تزریق­ شده با گلوتامین نسبت به گروه‌های شاهد به طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. اما تزریق داخل تخم ­مرغی باعث کاهش جوجه درآوری (13.1 درصد نسبت به گروه تخم مرغ‌های بدون تزریق) شد (0.05>P). جوجه‌های حاصل از تزریق داخل تخم ­مرغی گلوتامین افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی بهتری را نسبت به گروه‌های شاهد نشان دادند (در سن 42-0 روزگی). تزریق داخل تخم ­مرغی گلوتامین غلظت گلوکز، درصد لنفوسیت و هتروفیل و وزن طحال و بورس فابریسیوس در جوجه‌های تازه تفریخ شده را به طور معنی‌داری افزایش داد. به علاوه، ایمنوگلوبولین‌های G و Mدر جوجه‌های تیمار شده با 20، 30، 40 و 50 میلی‌گرم گلوتامین در سن 26 روزگی جوجه‌های گوشتی به طور معنی‌داری افزایش داشت. در نتیجه، تزریق داخل تخم ­مرغی سطوح مختلف گلوتامین پاسخ سیستم ایمنی و عملکرد رشد جوجه‌های گوشتی را بهبود داد.
Adjei A.A., Matsumoto Y., Oku T., Hiroi Y. and Yamamoto S. (1998). Dietary arginine and glutamine combination improves survival in septic mice. Nutr. Res. 14, 1591-1599.
Al-Garib S.O., Gielkens A.L.J., Kok G. and Koch G. (2000). Double immunoenzymatic technique for in situ Ig-isotype-specific detection of cells producing antibody directed against Newcastle disease virus. Pp. 44-46 in Proc. 21st World’s Poult. Congr., Montreal, Canada.
Al-Murrani W.K. (1982). Effect of injecting amino acids into the egg on embryonic and subsequent growth in the domestic fowl. British Poult. Sci. 23, 171-174.
Andrews F.J. and Griffiths R.D. (2002). Glutamine: essential for immune nutrition in the critically ill. British J. Nutr. 1, 3-8.
Ardawi M.S.M. and Newsholme E.A. (1983). Glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes of the rat. Biochem. J. 212, 835-842.
Bartell S.M. (2006). The effect of supplemental glutamine on growth performance, development of gastrointestinal tract, and immune response of broiler. MS Thesis. The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
Bartell S.M. and Batal A.B. (2007). The effect of supplemental glutamine on growth performance, development of the gastrointestinal tract, and humoral immune response of broilers. Poult. Sci. 86, 1940-1947.
Bhanja S.K., Mandal A.B. and Goswami T.K. (2004). Effect of in ovo injection of amino acids on growth, immune response, development of digestive organs and carcass yield of broiler. Indian J. Poult. Sci. 39, 212-218.
Bozbay C.K., Konanç K., Ocak N. and Öztürk E. (2016). The effects of in ovo injection of propolis and injection site on hatchability, hatching weight and survival of chicks. Turkish J. Agric. Res. 3, 48-54.
Calder P.C. and Yaqoob P. (1999). Glutamine and the immune system. Pp. 227-241 in Proc. Int. Congr. Amino Acids., Mainz, Germany.
Chen W., Wang R., Wan H.F., Xiong X.L., Peng P. and Peng J. (2009). Influence of in ovo injection of glutamine and carbohydrates on digestive organs and pectoralis muscle mass in the duck. British Poult. Sci. 50, 436-442.
Cruzat V., Rogero M.M., Keane K.N., Curi R. and NewsholmeP. (2018). Glutamine: Metabolism and immune function, supplementation and clinical translation. Nutrients. 10, 1564.
Curi T.C., De Melo M.P., De Azevedo R.B., Zorn T.M.T. and Curi R. (1997). Glutamine utilization by rat neutrophils: presence of phosphate-dependent glutaminase. Am. J. Physiol. 273, 1124-1129.
Dong X.Y., Jiang Y.J., Wang M.Q., Wang Y.M. and Zou X.T. (2013). Effects of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates on hatchability, body weight, and energy status in domestic pigeons. Poult. Sci. 92, 2118-2123.
Dos Santos T.T., Corzo A., Kidd M.T., McDaniel C.D., Torres Filho R.A. and Araújo L.F. (2010). Influence of in ovo inoculation with various nutrients and egg size on broiler performance. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 19, 1-12.
Ebrahimi M., Janmohammadi H., Daghigh kia H., Moghaddam G., Rajabi Z., Abbas raft S. and Javanmard A. (2017). The effect of L-lysine in ovo feeding on body weight characteristics and small intestine morphology in a day-old Ross broiler chicks. Rev. Med. Vet. 168, 116-124.
Foye O.T., Uni Z. and Ferket P.R. (2006). Effect of in ovo feeding egg white protein, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and carbohydrateson glycogen status and neonatal growth of turkeys. Poult. Sci. 85, 1185-1192.
Gross W.B. (1978). Comparison of dose effect of sheep red blood cells on antibody response in two lines of chickens. Avian. Dis. 23, 526-528.
Ipek A., Sahan U. and Yilmaz B. (2004). The effect of in ovo ascorbic acid and glucose injection in broiler breeder eggs on hatchability and chick weight. Arch. Geflugelkd. 63, 132-135.
Jazideh F., Farhoomand P., Daneshyar M. and Najafi G. (2014). The effects of dietary glutamine supplementation on growth performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens reared under hot conditions. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 38, 264-270.
Kew S., Wells S.M., Yaqoob P., Wallace F.A. and Miles E.A. (1999). Dietary glutamine enhances murine T-lymphocyte Responsiveness. J. Nutr. 129, 1521-1531.
Kita K., Nagao K., Taneda N., Inagaki Y., Hirano K., Shibata T., Yaman M.A., Conlon M.A. and Okumura J. (2002). Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 gene expression can be regulated by diet manipulation in several tissues of young chickens. J. Nutr. 132, 145-151.
Kitt S.J., Miller P.S., Lewis A.J. and Fischer R.L. (2002). Effects of glutamine on growth performance and small intestine villus height in weanling pigs. Nebraska Swine Report. 82, 29-32.
Kop-Bozbay C. and Ocak N. (2015). Growth, digestive tract and muscle weights in slow-growing broiler is not affected by a blend of branched-chain amino acids injected into different sites of egg. J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 4, 261-269.
Kop Bozbay C. and Ocak N. (2019). In ovo injection of branched chain amino acids: Embryonic development, hatchability and hatching quality of turkey poults. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 103, 1135-1142.
Moghaddam A., Karimi I., Borji M., Bahadori S. and Abdolmohammadi A. (2013). Effect of royal jelly in ovo injection on embryonic growth, hatchability, and gonadotropin levels of pullet breeder chicks. Theriogenology. 80, 193-198.
Newsholme P. (2001). Why is L-glutamine metabolism important to cells of the immune system in health, postinjury, surgery or infection? J. Nutr. 131, 2515-2522.
Newsholme P., Curi R., Gordon S. and Newsholme E.A. (1986). Metabolism of glucose, glutamine, long-chain fatty acids and ketone bodies by murine macrophages. Biochem. J. 239, 121-125.
Nowaczewski S., Kontecka H. and Krystianiak S. (2012). Effect of in ovo injection of vitamin C during incubation on hatchability of chickens and ducks. Folia. Biol. (Kraków). 60, 93-97.
Ohta Y., Kidd M.T. and Ishibashi T. (2001). Embryo growth and amino acid concentration profiles of broiler breeder eggs, embryos, and chicks after in ovo administration of amino acids. Poult. Sci. 80, 1430-1436.
Ohta Y., Tsushima N., Koide K., Kidd M.T. and Ishibashi T. (1999). Effect of amino acid injection in broiler breeder eggs on embryonic growth and hatchability of chicks. Poult. Sci. 78, 1493-1498.
Ohta Y., Yoshida T. and Tsushima T. (2004). Comparison between broilers and layers for growth and protein use by embryos. Poult. Sci. 83, 783-787.
Pedroso A.A., Chaves L.S., Cafe M.B., Leandro N.S.M., Stringhini J.H. and Menten J.F.M. (2006). Glutamine as broilers embryos nutrient. Brazilian J. Poult. Sci. 8, 43-49.
Piquer F.J., Sell J.L., Al-Batshan H.A., Mallarino E.G., Soto-Salanova M.F. and Angel C.R.(1991). Post-hatching changes in the immunoglobulin a concentration in the jejunum and bile of turkeys. Poult. Sci. 70, 2476-2483.
Reynolds J.V., Daly J.M. and Zhang S. (1988). Immunomodulatory mechanism of arginine. Surgery. 104, 141-151.
Rifai N., Bachorik P.S. and Albers J.J. (1999). Lipids, lipoproeins and apolipoproteins. Pp. 809-861 in Tietz Textbook of Clinical Cgemistry. C.A. Burtis and E.P. Ashwood, Eds. W.B Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Roberts I., Kwan I., Evans P. and Haig S. (2002). Does animal experimentation inform human healthcare? Observations from a systematic review of international animal experiments on fluid resuscitation. British Med. J. 324, 474-476.
Russell P.H. and Ezeifeka G.O. (1995). The hitchner B1 strain Newcastle disease virus induces high levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM in newly hatched chicks. Vaccine. 13, 61-66.
Salahi A., Mousavi S.N., Foroudi F., Moosanezhad Khabisi M. and Norozi M. (2011). Effects of in ovo injection of butyric acid in broiler breeder eggs. Global Vet. 7, 468-477.
Salmanzadeh M. (2011). The effects of in ovo injection of glucose on hatchability, hatching weight and subsequent performance of newly-hatched chicks. Brazilian J. Poult. Sci. 14, 137-140.
Salmanzadeh M., Ebrahimnezhad Y., Shahryar H.A. and Beheshti R. (2012). The effects of in ovo injection of glucose and magnesium in broiler breeder eggs on hatching traits, performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters of broiler chickens. Arch. Geflügelkd. 76, 277-284.
Salmanzadeh M., Ebrahimnezhad Y., Shahryar H.A. and Ghiasi Ghaleh-Kandi J. (2016). The effects of in ovo feeding of glutamine in broiler breeder eggs on hatchability, development of the gastrointestinal tract, growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Arch. Anim. Breed. 59, 235-242.
Salmanzadeh M., Ebrahimnezhad Y., Shahryar H.A. and Lotfi A. (2011). The effects of in ovo injection of L-threonine in broiler breeder eggs on characters of hatching and growth performance broiler chickens. European J. Exp. Biol. 1, 164-168.
Salmanzadeh M., Ghanouni Bostanabad J. and Arva S. (2014). The effects of in ovo injection of butyric acid into quails breedereggs on hatchability, growth performance, development of the gastrointestinal tract, and carcass traits of Japanese quails. Bull. Environ. Pharmacol. Life Sci. 3, 126-130.
Salmanzadeh M. and Shahryar H.A. (2013a). Effects of dietary supplementation with glutamine on growth performance, small intestinal morphology and carcass traits in turkey poults under heat stress. Rev. Méd. Vét. 164, 476-480.
Salmanzadeh M. and Shahryar H.A. (2013b). Effects of dietary glutamine addition on growth performance, carcass characteristics and development of the gastrointestinal tract in Japanese quails. Rev. Méd. Vét. 164, 471-475.
Samli H.E., Senkoylu N., Koc F., Kanter M. and Agma A. (2007). Effects of Enterococcus faecium and dried whey on broiler performance, guthistomorphology and microbiota. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 61, 42-49.
SAS Institute. (2005). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Smirnov A., Tako E., Ferket P.R. and Uni Z. (2006). Mucin gene expression and mucin content in the chicken intestinal goblet cells are affected by in ovo feeding of carbohydrates. Poult. Sci. 85, 669-673.
Tako E., Ferket P.R. and Uni Z. (2004a). Effects of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and β- hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on the development of chicken intestine. Poult. Sci. 83, 2023-2028.
Tako E., Ferket P.R. and Uni Z. (2004b). Changes in chicken intestinal zinc exporter mRNA expression and small intestinal functionality following intra-amniotic zinc-methionine administration. J. Nutr. Biochem. 16, 339-346.
Teshfam M. (1984). Comparison of the effects of the high-acid milk replacer with conventional skim milk replacer. Ph D. Thesis. University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Uni Z. and Ferket P.R. (2003). Enhancement of development of oviparous species by in ovo feeding. US Patent. 6, 878.
Uni Z. and Ferket R.P. (2004). Methods for early nutrition and their potential. World’s Poult. Sci. 60, 101-111.
Uni Z., Ferket P.R., Tako E. and Kedar O. (2005). In ovo feeding improves energy status of lateterm chicken embryos. Poult. Sci. 84, 764-770.
Wells S.M., Kew S., Yaqoob P., Wallace F. and Calder P. (1999). Dietary glutamine enhances cytokine production by murine macrophages. Nutrition. 15, 881-884.
Wilson J.H. (1991). Bone strength of caged layers as affected by dietary calcium and phosphorus concentrations, reconditioning, and ash content. British Poult. Sci. 32, 501-508.
Yeh S.L., Yeh C.L., Lin M.T., Lo P.N. and Chen W.J. (2001). Effects of glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition on cytokine prodution and T cell population in septic rats. J. Parent. Enteral. Nutr. 25, 269-274.
Yi G.F., Allee G.L., Knight C.D. and Dibner J.J. (2005). Impact of glutamine and oasis hatchling supplement on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and immune response of broilers vaccinated and challenged with Eimeria maxima. Poult. Sci. 84, 283-293.
Yi G.F., Allee G.L., Spencer J.D., Frank J.W. and Gaines A.M. (2001). Impact of glutamine, menhaden fish meal and spray-dried plasma on the growth performance and intestinal morphology of turkey poults. Poult. Sci. 80, 201-226.
