The effect of interval training on the expression of mitochondrial transcription factor (TFAM) in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue of male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke extract
Subject Areas : Plasma biomarkers
Mehdi Bakhshi
1
,
عبدالعلی بنائی فر
2
,
Sajad Arshadi
3
,
Behzad Bazgir
4
1 - PhD student in Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2 -
3 - Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology , South Tehran Branch , Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran.
4 - baqiyatallah university of medical sciences
Keywords: Interval training, gastrocnemius muscle tissue, cigarette smoke extract, gene expression, TFAM,
Abstract :
Background & aim: Studies show that exposure to cigarette smoke can inhibit protein synthesis by increasing proteolysis of muscle tissue and disrupt factors affecting mitochondrial function. The aim of the present study was to study the effect of interval training on transcription factor A (TFAM) gene expression in male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke extract.
Materials & Methods: In this study, 28 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) with an average weight of 220.12 ± 10.80 g were divided into four groups: control, cigarette smoke extract, exercise, and exercise + cigarette smoke extract. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) contained 12 mg of tar and 0.9 mg of nicotine. The control group was injected with saline and the CSE group was injected with cigarette smoke extract one day a week for 6 weeks. The interval training protocol was performed 5 times a week for 6 weeks, with each session lasting 49 minutes. After the last exercise session, the rats were anesthetized and their muscle tissue was removed and transferred to the laboratory. Then, the expression of the target gene was measured. ANOVA and LSD post hoc test were used to analyze the findings (p ≤ 0.05).
Results: The results showed that TFAM expression in the cigarette smoke extract group showed a significant decrease compared to the healthy control group (P=0.046). However, there was no significant difference in the exercise group and the exercise + cigarette smoke extract group compared to the other groups (P≥0.05). However, TFAM expression in the exercise group showed a non-significant increase compared to the cigarette smoke extract group.
Conclusion: The results showed that cigarette smoke extract significantly reduced TFAM expression in the gastrocnemius muscle. It also seems that interval training with cigarette smoke, by increasing TFAM function, can reduce the effects of oxidative stress caused by cigarette smoke extract, protect mtDNA against ROS damage, and help improve mitochondrial biogenesis.
