Survey on prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in wild goats (Capra aegagrus) of Arasbaran National Park
Subject Areas :
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Ahmad Nematoallahi
1
,
Parisa Shahbazi
2
,
Hadi Mardomi
3
,
Amir Mollazadeh
4
1 - Professor, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 - D.V.M. Graduate, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
4 - D.V.M. Graduate, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Received: 2021-12-29
Accepted : 2022-04-19
Published : 2022-05-22
Keywords:
Parasite,
gastrointestinal tract,
Wild goats (Capra aegagrus),
Arasbaran National Park,
Abstract :
Arasbaran National Park is the largest national park in the west of the country, which is the habitat of important animal and plant species. One of the most important animal species living in it is the wild goat (Capra aegagrus). The aim of this study was to determine the level of parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract goats of Arasbaran National Park. During 2018, 95 fecal samples were collected from the wild goats of Arasbaran National Park and were examined by direct smear and Clyton-Lane methods. Bearman apparatus was also used to identify the first stage larvae of pulmonary nematodes. Iodine and modified Nelson staining were used to diagnose Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections, respectively. All samples showed at least one worm agent and one protozoan infection. In this study, Eimeria (spp.) infection was observed in all fecal samples and infection with egg of Marshallagia marshalli (37.8%), Nematodirus (spp.) (60%), Trichioris ovis (62.1%), Dicrocoelium dendriticum (8/37%), Fasciola hepatica (25.2%), Moniezia expansa (13.6%), Cystocaulus oecratus larvae (28.4%) and Giardia lambelia cyst (33.6%) were observed. Cryptosporidium oocysts were not observed in any of the stained stool samples. No significant relationship was found between infestation rate with different parasites and the sex of the infected animals. The high level of infection of parasites in wild goats of Arasbaran National Park indicates the high potential of parasitic infection and conversion of animals in it as a reservoir of parasites and its subsequent spread to other animals and expansion in neighboring human communities.
References:
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Abu Samra, N., Thompson, P., Woods, P., Samie, A. and Jori, F.(2011). Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in wild mammals in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Veterinary Parasitology, 175(1-2): 155-159.
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Bowman, D.D. (2014). Georgis' Parasitology for Veterinarians, 10th ed., NY: Elsevier Health Sciences, pp:34-67.
Dardari, Sh., Shahlapour, A., Norousian, A. and Khaleghi, B. (1996). Investigation of parasitic infections of domestic and wild ruminants in Khojir National Park. Research project of natural resources and livestock research center of Tehran province, pp: 45-49. [In Persian]
Eslami, A. and Ranjbar Bahadori, Sh. (2004). Laboratory procedures for diagnosis of helminths diseases. Garmsar: Islamic Azad University of Garmsar, pp: 1-40. [In Persian]
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Holsback, L., Cardoso, M.J.L., Fagnani, R. and Patell, T.H.C. (2013). Natural infection by endoparasites among free-living wild animals. Veterinary Parasitology, 22(2): 302-306.
Kariuki, D.O., Injairo, R., Boyce, W.L., Wellde, B.T. and Ngethe, S.(1989).Parasitic survey of eight wild animals in the Ruma National park. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 83(1): 115-118.
Nematollahi, A., Moghaddam, Gh. and Karimi, H. (1997). The survey of infestation to parasites in small ruminant's digestive tract in East Azerbaijan province. Agricultural Science, 16(3): 207-215. [In Persian]
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Okaeme, A.N.(1986).Ectoparasites and gastrointestinal parasites of nomadic cattle infiltrating into Kainji Lake National Park Nigeria. International Journal of Zoonosis, 13(1): 40-44.
Tavassoli, M., Dalirnaghadeh, B. and Sahandi, A. (2011). Study on gastrointestinal and external parasites of goats in West Azerbaijan province-Iran. Journal of Veterinary Researches, 66(1): 77-79. [In Persian]
Taylor, M.A., Coop, R.L. and Wall, R.L. (2016). Veterinary Parasitology. 4 ed., Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, pp: 287-290.
Thrusfiled, M. (1995). Veterinary Epidemiology, London: Blackwell Science, pp: 98-100.
Weinstein, S.B. and Lafferty, K.D. (2015). How do humans affect wildlife nematodes? Trends in Parasitology, 31(5): 222-227.
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Abu essailla, A.A., Ismail, A.A. and Agab, H.M. (2012). Investigation of gastrointestinal parasites in wild and domestic animals in Radom National Park; South Darfur State, Sudan. Sudan Journal of Sciences and Technology, 13(1): 7-11.
Abu Samra, N., Thompson, P., Woods, P., Samie, A. and Jori, F.(2011). Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in wild mammals in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Veterinary Parasitology, 175(1-2): 155-159.
Anonymous (2012). Review and update detailed studies of Arasbaran national park and protected area. General Department of Environmental Protection of East Azerbaijan, pp: 7-41. [In Persian]
Bowman, D.D. (2014). Georgis' Parasitology for Veterinarians, 10th ed., NY: Elsevier Health Sciences, pp:34-67.
Dardari, Sh., Shahlapour, A., Norousian, A. and Khaleghi, B. (1996). Investigation of parasitic infections of domestic and wild ruminants in Khojir National Park. Research project of natural resources and livestock research center of Tehran province, pp: 45-49. [In Persian]
Eslami, A. and Ranjbar Bahadori, Sh. (2004). Laboratory procedures for diagnosis of helminths diseases. Garmsar: Islamic Azad University of Garmsar, pp: 1-40. [In Persian]
Gebeyehu, E.B., Seo, M.G., Jung, B.Y., Byun, J.W., Oem, J.K., Kim, H.Y., et al. (2013). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Korean native goats (Capra hircus aegagrus). The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 23(4): 986-989.
Holsback, L., Cardoso, M.J.L., Fagnani, R. and Patell, T.H.C. (2013). Natural infection by endoparasites among free-living wild animals. Veterinary Parasitology, 22(2): 302-306.
Kariuki, D.O., Injairo, R., Boyce, W.L., Wellde, B.T. and Ngethe, S.(1989).Parasitic survey of eight wild animals in the Ruma National park. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 83(1): 115-118.
Nematollahi, A., Moghaddam, Gh. and Karimi, H. (1997). The survey of infestation to parasites in small ruminant's digestive tract in East Azerbaijan province. Agricultural Science, 16(3): 207-215. [In Persian]
Nouruzi, R. and Ozbandi, A. (2019).Survey on infestation of boar, wild goat and marals to gastrointestinal parasites in Aynalou protected area of East Azerbaijan province. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 11(2): 107-117. [In Persian]
Okaeme, A.N.(1986).Ectoparasites and gastrointestinal parasites of nomadic cattle infiltrating into Kainji Lake National Park Nigeria. International Journal of Zoonosis, 13(1): 40-44.
Tavassoli, M., Dalirnaghadeh, B. and Sahandi, A. (2011). Study on gastrointestinal and external parasites of goats in West Azerbaijan province-Iran. Journal of Veterinary Researches, 66(1): 77-79. [In Persian]
Taylor, M.A., Coop, R.L. and Wall, R.L. (2016). Veterinary Parasitology. 4 ed., Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, pp: 287-290.
Thrusfiled, M. (1995). Veterinary Epidemiology, London: Blackwell Science, pp: 98-100.
Weinstein, S.B. and Lafferty, K.D. (2015). How do humans affect wildlife nematodes? Trends in Parasitology, 31(5): 222-227.