Effects of Rice Hulls and Acidifier Supplementation on Growth Performance and Gut Physiology in Broiler Chickens
Subject Areas : CamelS. Banibugari 1 , M. Sedghi 2 , R. Mirshekar 3 , A.H. Mahdavi 4 , A. Azarfar 5
1 - Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, P.O.Box: 84156-83111
3 - Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
5 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
Keywords: rice hulls, broiler, gastrointestinal tract, gizzard, lactobacillus, liveability,
Abstract :
The experiment was conducted to study how adding rice hulls and an acidifier to the diet affected perform-ance, histomorphology, and microbial colonization in the gastrointestinal system of broiler chickens. A completely randomized design was used to test eight treatments and five replications of 1000 day-old-male Arbor Acres broiler chickens (45±1 g). Dietary treatments included control (no additives 1-42 days), acidi-fier (control+0.1% acidifier from 1-42 days), RH10 (3% rice hull from 1-10 days and control diet from 11-42 days), RH10 + acidifier (3% rice hulls from 1-10 days and control diet+0.1% acidifier from 11-42 days), RH24 (3% rice hulls from 1-24 days and control diet from 25-42 days), RH24 + acidifier (3% rice hulls from 1-24 days and control diet+0.1% acidifier from 25-42 days), RH42 (3% rice hulls from 1-42 days) and RH42 + acidifier (3% of the rice hulls+0.1% acidifier from 1-42 days). Feed conversion ratio significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the RH24 + acidifier group compared with RH10 and control groups after 24 and 42 days. The RH42 + acidifierbirds had lower mortality than RH24+acidifier birds (P<0.05). Also, at 42 days of age, feeding RH42 + acidifier diet increased villus height/crypt depth (P<0.01). Acidifiers increased the Lactobacillus population in the small intestine of broiler chickens. The lowest gizzard pH was observed in birds fed 3% rice hulls from 0 to 42 days of age (P<0.05). In general, the addition of 30 kg/ton of rice hulls to the broiler feed, from 0 to 42 days of age, caused the highest possible weight gain and the lowest mortal-ity.
Abazari A., Navidshad B., Mirzaei Aghjehgheshlagh F. and Nikbin S. (2016). The effect of rice husk as an insoluble dietary fiber source on intestinal morphology and Lactobacilli and Escherichia coli populations in broilers. Iranian J. Vet. Med. 10, 217-224.
Abdollahi M.R., Zaefarian F., Hall L. and Jendza J.A. (2020). Feed acidification and steam-conditioning temperature influence nutrient utilization in broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets. Poult. Sci. 99, 5037-5046.
Adibmoradi M., Navidshad B. and Jahromi M.F. (2016). The effect of moderate levels of finely ground insoluble fibre on small intestine morphology, nutrient digestibility and performance of broiler chickens. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 15, 310-317.
Adil S., Banday T., Bhat G.A., Mir M.S. and Rehman M. (2010). Effect of dietary supplementation of organic acids on performance, intestinal histomorphology, and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. Vet. Med. Int. 2010, 1-8.
Adil S., Banday T., Bhat G.A., Salahuddin M., Raquib M. and Shanaz S. (2011). Response of broiler chicken to dietary supplementation of organic acids. J. Cent. Eur. Agric. 12, 498-508.
Amerah A.M., Ravindran V. and Lentle R.G. (2009). Influence of insoluble fibre and whole wheat inclusion on the performance, digestive tract development and ileal microbiota profile of broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 50, 366-375.
Aviagen. (2018). Ross 308: Broiler Performance Objectives and Nutrition Specifications. Aviagen Ltd., Newbridge, UK.
Biggs P. and Parsons C.M. (2008). The effects of several organic acids on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, and cecal microbial populations in young chicks. Poult. Sci. 87, 2581-2589.
Boguslawska-Tryk M., Szymeczko R., Piotrowska A., Burlikowska K. and Slizewska K. (2015). Ileal and cecal microbial population and short-chain fatty acid profile in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with lignocellulose. Pakistan Vet. J. 35, 212-216.
Bournazel M., Lessire M., Klein S., Même N., Peyronnet C., Quinsac A. and Narcy A. (2018). Phytase supplementation in diets rich in fiber from rapeseed enhances phosphorus and calcium digestibility but not retention in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 97, 1627-1640.
De Maesschalck C., Eeckhaut V., Maertens L., De Lange L., Marchal L., Daube G. And Van Immerseel F. (2019). Amorphous cellulose feed supplement alters the broiler caecal microbiome. Poult. Sci. 98, 3811-3817.
Denbow D.M. (2015). Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology. Pp. 337-366 in Sturkie’s Avian Physiology. G.C. Whittow, Ed., Elsevier, New York.
Donadelli R.A., Stone D.A., Aldrich C.G. and Beyer R.S. (2019). Effect of fiber source and particle size on chick performance and nutrient utilization. Poult. Sci. 98, 5820-5830.
DosSantos S., Laosutthipong C., Yamauchi K., Thongwittaya N. and Sittiya J. (2019). Effects of dietary fiber on growth performance, fecal ammonia nitrogen. Walailak Procedia. 1, 74-73.
Edmonds M.S., Johal S. and Moreland S. (2014). Effect of supplemental humic and butyric acid on performance and mortality in broilers raised under various environmental conditions. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 23, 260-267.
Fascina V.B., Sartori J.R., Gonzales E., De Carvalho F.B., de Souza I.M.G.P., Do Valle Polycarpo G. and Pelícia V.C. (2012). Phytogenic additives and organic acids in broiler chicken diets. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 41, 2189-2197.
González-Alvarado J.M., Jiménez-Moreno E., González-Sánchez D., Lázaro R. and Mateos G.G. (2010). Effect of inclusion of oat hulls and sugar beet pulp in the diet on productive performance and digestive traits of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 162, 37-46.
Hetland H., Choct M. and Svihus B. (2004). Role of insoluble non-starchpolysaccharides in poultry nutrition. Worlds Poult. Sci. J. 60, 415-422.
Hetland H., Svihus B. and Krogdahl A. (2003). Effects of oat hulls and wood shavings on digestion in broilers and layers fed diets based on whole or ground wheat. Br. Poult. Sci. 44, 275-282.
Iba A. and Berchieri A.B. (1995). Studies on the use of a formic acid-propionic acid mixture (Bio-addTM) to control experimental Salmonella infection in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol. 24, 303-311.
Jha R., Fouhse J.M., Tiwari U.P., Li L. and Willing B.P. (2019). Dietary fiber and intestinal health of monogastric animals. Front. Vet. Sci. 6, 1-12.
Jiménez-Moreno E., De Coca-Sinova A., González-Alvarado J.M. and Mateos G.G. (2016). Inclusion of insoluble fiber sources in mash or pellet diets for young broilers. 1. Effects on growth performance and water intake. Poult. Sci. 95, 41-52.
Jiménez-Moreno E., Frikha M., De Coca-Sinova A., Lázaro R.P. and Mateos G.G. (2013). Oat hulls and sugar beet pulp in diets for broilers. 2. Effects on the development of the gastrointestinal tract and on the structure of the jejunal mucosa. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 182, 44-52.
Jiménez-Moreno E., González-Alvarado J.M., de Coca-Sinova A., Lázaro R. and Mateos G.G. (2009). Effects of source of fibre on the development and pH of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 154, 93-101.
Kalmendal R., Elwinger K., Holm L. and Tauson R. (2011). High-fibre sunflower cake affects small intestinal digestion and health in broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 52, 86-96.
Khalid K., Khalil I., Islam A., Sujan K.M., Mustari A. and Ahmad N. (2020). Dietary acidifier and lysozyme improve growth performances and hemato-biochemical profile in broiler chicken. J. Adv. Biotechnol. Exp. Ther. 3, 241-247.
Kheravii S.K., Morgan N.K., Swick R.A., Choct M. and Wu S.B. (2018). Roles of dietary fibre and ingredient particle size in broiler nutrition. World Poult. Sci. J. 74, 301-316.
Kuleile N., Ncheche K., Kamoho S., Macheli T., Jobo T. and Phororo M. (2020). The effects of broiler feed forms on metabolic and skeletal disorders. J. Worlds Poult. Res. 10, 125-130.
Leeson S., Namkung H., Antongiovanni M. and Lee E.H. (2005). Effect of butyric acid on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 84, 1418-1422.
Mateos G.G., Jiménez-Moreno E., Serrano M.P. and Lázaro R.P. (2012). Poultry response to high levels of dietary fiber sources varying in physical and chemical characteristics. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 21, 156-174.
Montagne L., Pluske J.R. and Hampson D.J. (2003). A review of interactions between dietary fiber and the intestinal mucosa, and their consequences on digestive health in young non-ruminant animals. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 108, 95-117.
Mountzouris K.C., Tsirtsikos P., Kalamara E., Nitsch S., Schatzmayr G. and Fegeros K. (2007). Evaluation of the efficacy of a probiotic containing Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus strains in promoting broiler performance and modulating cecal microflora composition and metabolic activities. Poult. Sci. 86, 309-317.
Naderinejad S., Zaefarian F., Abdollahi M.R., Hassanabadi A., Kermanshahi H. and Ravindran V. (2016). Influence of feed form and particle size on performance, nutrient utilisation, and gastrointestinal tract development and morphometry in broiler starters fed maize-based diets. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 215, 92-104.
Palamidi I., Paraskeuas V., Theodorou G., Breitsma R., Schatzmayr G., Theodoropoulos G. and Mountzouris K.C. (2017). Effects of dietary acidifier supplementation on broiler growth performance, digestive and immune function indices. Anim. Produc. Sci. 57, 271-281.
Pang Y. and Applegate T.J. (2007). Effects of dietary copper supplementation and copper source on digesta pH, calcium, zinc, and copper complex size in the gastrointestinal tract of the broiler chicken. Poult. Sci. 86, 531-537.
Saadatmand N., Toghyani M. and Gheisari A. (2019). Effects of dietary fiber and threonine on performance, intestinal morphology and immune responses in broiler chickens. Anim. Nutr. 5, 248-255.
Sabour S., Tabeidian S.A. and Sadeghi G. (2019). Dietary organic acid and fiber sources affect performance, intestinal morphology, immune responses and gut microflora in broilers. Anim. Nutr. 5, 156-162.
Sacranie A., Adiya X., Mydl L.T. and Svihus B. (2017). Effect of intermittent feeding and oat hulls to improve phytase efficacy and digestive function in broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 58, 442-451.
Sacranie A., Svihus B., Denstadli V., Moen B., Iji P.A. and Choct M. (2012). The effect of insoluble fiber and intermittent feeding on gizzard development, gut motility, and performance of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 91, 693-700.
Saki A.A., Matin H.R.H., Zamani P., Tabatabai M.M. and Vatanchian M. (2011). Various ratios of pectin to cellulose affect intestinal morphology, DNA quantitation, and performance of broiler chickens. Livest. Sci. 139, 237-244.
SAS Institute. (2003). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Scott T.A. (2002). Evaluation of lighting programs, diet density, and short-term use of mash as compared to crumbled starter to reduce incidence of sudden death syndrome in broiler chicks to 35 days of age. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 82, 375-383.
Sozcu A. (2019). Growth performance, pH value of gizzard, hepatic enzyme activity, immunologic indicators, intestinal histomorphology, and cecal microflora of broilers fed diets supplemented with processed lignocellulose. Poult. Sci. 98, 6880-6887.
Thompson J.L. and Hinton M. (1997). Antibacterial activity of formic and propionic acids in the diet of hens on salmonellas in the crop. Br. Poult. Sci. 38, 59-65.
Van Immerseel F., De Zutter L., Houf K., Pasmans F., Haesebrouck F. and Ducatelle R. (2009). Strategies to control Salmonella in the broiler production chain. Worlds Poult. Sci. J. 65, 367-392.
Wang X. and Gibson G.R. (1993). Effects of the in vitro fermentation of oligofructose and inulin by bacteria growing in the human large intestine. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 75, 373-380.
Yason C.V. and Schat K.A. (1987). Pathogenesis of rotavirus infection in various age groups of chickens and turkeys: Clinical signs and virology. Am. J. Vet. Res. 48, 977-983.
Yusrizal K. and Chen T.C. (2003). Effect of adding chicory fructans in feed on broiler growth performance, serum cholesterol and intestinal length. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 2, 214-219.
