Comparison of measurements of hydrocarbons of oily sludge: Elemental analysis in solid phase or gas chromatography in liquid phase
Subject Areas :
Yasser Hamidi
1
(
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
)
seyed ahmad ataei
2
(
دانشیار مهندسی شیمی، گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.
)
Amir Sarrafi
3
(
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
)
Keywords: Gas Chromatography, hydrocarbons, Organic solvents, Oily sludge, CHNS Elemental analysis,
Abstract :
It is important to determine the exact amounts of hydrocarbons in the solid organic matter. In this research was conducted on the dredging of oily sludge from kerosene and gasoil reservoirs of Kerman oil depots. For this purpose, firstly, the amount of sludge hydrocarbons after extraction with organic solvents in the liquid phase was measured by gas chromatography (GC) method. The results were evaluated by CHNS elemental analysis test before and after the separation of sludge hydrocarbons in the solid phase. The results show that different organic solvents (normal hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, acetone and their combination) in different extraction methods (Soxhlet and Shaker methods) and under different conditions (temperature and number of extraction steps) could not separate the all hydrocarbons from oily sludge. As a result, the amount of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) of real samples reported from dissolution in the liquid phase in most studies is incomplete and their residual value in the solid phase should also be considered.
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_||_[1] Law, R.J.; Klungsoyr, J.; Inter. J. Environ. Poll. 13, 262-283, 2000.
[2] Hu, G.; Li, J.; Huang, S.; Li, Y.; J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A. 51, 921-929, 2016.
[3] Schwab, A.P.; Su, J.; Wetzel, S.; Pekarek, S.; Banks, MK.; Environ. Sci. Tech. 33, 1940-1945, 1999.
[4] Ramirez, D.; Shaw, L.J.; Collins, C.D.; Environ. Sci. Poll. Res. 28, 5867-5879, 2021.
[5] Hamidi, Y.; Ataei, S.A.; Sarrafi, A.; J. Chem. Tech. Biotech. 95, 904-912, 2020.
[6] Júnior, I.P.; dos Santos, J.M.; Ataíde, C.H.; Duarte, C.R.; J. Petrol. Sci. Eng. 195, 107760, 2020.
[7] Cébron, A.; Faure, P.; Lorgeoux, C.; Ouvrard, S.; Leyval, C.; Environ. Poll. 177, 98-105, 2013.
[8] EPAU.; “SW-846 Method 3540C: Soxhlet Extraction, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste”, U.S., 1996.
[9] ASTM.; “Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Extraction of solid waste samples for chemical analysis using Soxhlet extraction, D5369. USA: American Society for Testing and Materials”, 2005.
[10] Hartonen, K.; Bøwadt, S.; Dybdahl, H.P.; Nylund, K.; Sporring, S.; Lund, H.; Oreld, F.; J. Chroma. A. 958, 239-248, 2002.
[11] McHugh, M.; Krukonis, V.; “Supercritical fluid extraction: Principles and Practice”, Elsevier, 2013.
[12] Hartonen, K.; “Supercritical fluid extraction and pressurized hot water extraction”, Helsinki, 1999.
[13] Saari, E.; Perämäki, P.; Jalonen, J.; Microchimica Acta, 158, 261-268, 2007.
[14] Richter B.E.; J. Chroma. A. 874, 217-224, 2000.
[15] Machín-Ramírez, C.; Okoh, A.I.; Morales, D.; Mayolo-Deloisa, K.; Quintero, R.; Trejo-Hernández, M.R.; Chemosphere 70, 737-744, 2008.
