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Open Access Article
1 - Examining the goals of users of financial reports of municipalities with regard to performance-based budgeting
Reza Sotudeh alireza fahkrabadi mitra kasheh maryam movahedianBackground and purpose: The new public financial management was basically proposed with the aim of increasing transparency and improving the accountability of users of financial reports. The purpose of this research is to investigate the goals of users of financial repo MoreBackground and purpose: The new public financial management was basically proposed with the aim of increasing transparency and improving the accountability of users of financial reports. The purpose of this research is to investigate the goals of users of financial reports of municipalities with regard to performance-based budgeting. Methodology: The data collection tool of this research was a questionnaire containing 15 items. The targeted community was the managers and experts of the municipality at the level of Tehran province. Finally, 215 questionnaires were examined. Hypotheses have been tested using structural equation modeling methods and smart.PLS software. Findings: The findings of the research showed that internal administrative control, internal accounting control, self-control and internal audit have an effect on the goals of users of financial reports of municipalities with regard to performance-based budgeting. Conclusion: In performance-based budgeting, users' goals should be considered with regard to financial reporting, because it improves transparency and accountability. Keywords: budget and financial statements, internal control, decision making, municipalities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigating the personality characteristics of religious and revolutionary youth in the efficiency of the Islamic system based on the policies of the statement of the second step of the revolution
sajjad jafarnezhadper Mahrokh Lotfollahi Haggi Reza RostamzadehThe statement of the second step of the Islamic revolution was presented as a strategic plan by the leadership on the 40th anniversary of the victory of the Islamic revolution, which should be considered as a detailed vision document, based on the main mission and ideal MoreThe statement of the second step of the Islamic revolution was presented as a strategic plan by the leadership on the 40th anniversary of the victory of the Islamic revolution, which should be considered as a detailed vision document, based on the main mission and ideal of the revolution and a road map to reach the new Islamic civilization. And the characteristics of young people become important.The main purpose of the research is to investigate the personality characteristics of a young religious believer on the way to achieve the ideals of the revolution and the efficiency of the Islamic system based on the content of the text of the statement. It is necessary to extract this civilization.The research method is the qualitative content analysis method, in the first step, the researcher carefully studies the text of the statement with the qualitative content analysis method, extracting and categorizing the components and categories related to the main variable, and in the second step, using the theme analysis method, the network of themes. Its drawing and accreditation was also done.According to the obtained results, the above model has four dimensions, including: “entering the second stage of self-improvement, socialization and civilization, the great blessings of the Islamic Revolution, the axis of the realization of the advanced Islamic system, the second step and the main headings and recommendations” and 40 features and sub-components in reaching It was identified with the goals of the Islamic Revolution and was chosen and presented as the main model for the movement, recognition and introduction of young people who have set foot on this path. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Identifying affecting factors on organizational trauma, focusing on strategies to reduce consequences and improve productivity (Study case: employees of Mashhad Real Estate and Deeds Registration Office)
حمید عرفانیان خانزاده فریبرز رحیم نیا Azam BabakiradOrganizational trauma is one of the challenges in the field of organizational behavior that deals with mental and physical side effects on an individual or group in the organization and is considered as one of the hidden organizational diseases that indirectly indicates MoreOrganizational trauma is one of the challenges in the field of organizational behavior that deals with mental and physical side effects on an individual or group in the organization and is considered as one of the hidden organizational diseases that indirectly indicates organizational productivity. Simply put, trauma causes stress and changes in normal conditions, and as a result, reduces individual and organizational productivity. Therefore, the present research with a mixed-method helps to improve awareness in the field of organizational trauma. In the qualitative part, while analyzing the literature with the help of Delphi technique, effective factors, consequences and solutions of organizational trauma were identified. Nine experts were selected by snowball method to reach the saturation stage of the data. The results of the qualitative part indicate that 14 factors are effective in creating organizational trauma, 13 are the consequences of neglecting it, and 10 methods aimed at improving productivity and reducing the effects of organizational trauma were also counted. Finally, with a systemic approach, a model for reducing the level of trauma was proposed. In the quantitative part of the research, the organizational trauma standard questionnaire "Vivaan and Horman" (2015) was distributed among 175 employees of Mashhad Real Estate and Deeds Registry Office by simple random method. The results of the quantitative part of the research showed that the current situation of trauma from the point of view of the employees in this organization is too normal. Therefore, according to the 14 factors affecting trauma, some solutions was presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A Comparative Analysis of Mission and Vision Statements of Top Fortune Companies and Iranian Companies in Food Industry using Text Mining and Clustering
Mohsen Shafei nik abadi Ata Karbasi kheyrMission and vision statement have an important role in company’s strategic goals and direction, so content analysis of such documents has a positive influence on company’s success. Food industry, as a major means of meeting one of people’s most essenti MoreMission and vision statement have an important role in company’s strategic goals and direction, so content analysis of such documents has a positive influence on company’s success. Food industry, as a major means of meeting one of people’s most essential needs, requires to be improved. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the mission and vision statement of top food industry companies in Iran and the world to understand about similarities and differences in their strategic alignments. The current research is conducted on 53 companies from top 500 fortune list and 42 Iranian pioneer companies based on ministry of industry and mining list. We used text mining technique to process the documents and clustered them into distinct groups by K-Means algorithm. Finally, we ranked the important roots in each cluster using SAW method. Then, we compared the clusters based on their essential components. The findings indicate that while foreign companies focus on customers and image creation, Iranian companies care about products, development and stating general concepts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - An Impirical Investigation of the Effects of Financial Statement Analysis in Predicting Future Dividend of the Firm Member in Tehran Stick Exchange.
R. Shabahang F. HeydarpourPrediction of dividend is an important factor for decision making. Financial statement analysis can used for divided prediction . Decision makers usually co MorePrediction of dividend is an important factor for decision making. Financial statement analysis can used for divided prediction . Decision makers usually consider earnings as a signal for dividend figure . In this research two hypothesis are investigated : 1) There is a relation between financial variables / ratios ( other than earning figure alone ) and dividend and 2) financial variables / ratios are useful for prediction of dividend by using model . For that ,194 firms member in Tehran Stock Exchange were investigated .Methodology of research is correlation . Dependent variable is dividend and independent variables are 24 financial variables / rations . At first , the model was derived by using 1375-1380 data and the it’s fitness was evaluated . 8 variables was remained in model . For more confidence those process were done with 1375-1379 data and dividends of 1380 were predicted . It showed about 75 percent of real dividends in 1380 were between upper / lower limit at 95 percent level . Then the research hypothesis were confirmed . The non – earning / non-dividend variables are debit to total assets , equity . inventory to assets , debit and share price before stockholder’s meeting . Other variables are EPS , ROI , net sales to equity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Fatimid's Policies towards their Sunni Subjects during the Invitation Period and at the Beginnings of the Formation of the State
سید جمال موسوی نگار ذیلابیTwo founders of Fatimid caliphates were Abu cAbd Allah al- Shici andcUbayd allah al- Mahdi. They had different behavior with their Sunnisubjects in two different era, i.e., invitation time and then at thebeginnings of the formation of the state in Ifriqiyya. Taking into MoreTwo founders of Fatimid caliphates were Abu cAbd Allah al- Shici andcUbayd allah al- Mahdi. They had different behavior with their Sunnisubjects in two different era, i.e., invitation time and then at thebeginnings of the formation of the state in Ifriqiyya. Taking intoconsideration those policies and behaviors, this article shows thatthere is a significant difference between the former caliphate and thelatter with regard to the status of Sunnites. While Abu cAbd Allahfollowed a policy of toleration towards the Sunnites, al-Mahdi wasprejudiced against them. Apart from their individual characteristics,the obvious difference was a result of the socio-political conditions.Historians told that Abu cAbd Allah's policy was according to thenecessities of the missionary or invitation period on which it wasgoing to fascinate hearts of the religious opponents to pave the wayfor the formation of the new state, but cUbayd Allah's policy wasaimed at stabilizing of the state by emphasizing on Ismacili identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Relationship between the Sufis and the Ilkhanīd State in the Uliya-Name Texts: A Study on Safwat al-Sāfa by Ibn Bazzāz (d.759H)
Mohammad GhafooriAs the most significant hagiography of Ilkhanīd period, Safwat al-Sāfa articulates a specific narrative of Sufi-State relationships under Ilkhanīds. What is represented in this new narrative is not the overall political history of the time, but only some moments, in whi MoreAs the most significant hagiography of Ilkhanīd period, Safwat al-Sāfa articulates a specific narrative of Sufi-State relationships under Ilkhanīds. What is represented in this new narrative is not the overall political history of the time, but only some moments, in which the central event is the encounter between the representative of ideological power, i.e. Sufi leadership, and representatives of secular power, politico-military elite. Safwat al-Sāfa's reports do not imply a complete representation of those events and do not correspond to the official historiographical reports of those events, but are aimed at writing them in line with the author's political orientation. The author, thus, selects some elements of political history and reconfigures them in a new narrative arrangement in order to provide a new account with real actors and real events with a degree of verisimilitude. Neither absolutely allegorical nor totally realistic, this new narrative configuration combines allegorical elements with realistic ones to transmit its political point; the superiority of ideological power over political power Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Position of Ardalan State between the Ottoman and Safavid
karim faraji qarabeqlii mohammadali ranjbar qasim yasinBecause of the geographical and geopolitical position of Ardalan state, it has experienced much fallings and downs by the Safavid and Ottoman competition. So that the realm of this state gradually reduced. The present study aims to describe and analyze the transition pr MoreBecause of the geographical and geopolitical position of Ardalan state, it has experienced much fallings and downs by the Safavid and Ottoman competition. So that the realm of this state gradually reduced. The present study aims to describe and analyze the transition process of the Ardalan state in the Safavid era and considers the Safavid and Ottoman viewpoints and politics on that. In addition, it aims to answer two questions: why did the state turn as a conflict area for those governments? What was the role of this state and its governors against aforementioned powers? The present study aims to examine this hypothesis: Geographical and geopolitics position of Ardalan realm had dramatically increased the strategic importance of that in the ideological and political competition between the Ottoman and Safavid. The rulers of this state were prudent and also tried to tends to one of the powers for maintaining their situation and independence as much as possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Non-relativistic particle under the Influence of Aharonov-Bohm Flux Field Subject to Physical Potentials and the Nikiforov-Uvarov Method
Faizuddin Ahmed Kayser Ahmed Akheruzzaman Ahmed Ariful Islam Bikash Barmab -
Open Access Article
10 - Approximate solutions of the Dirac equation with Deformed Woods-Saxon potential including a Hellmann like tensor interaction
Uduakobong Okorie Akpan Ikot Monday Udoh Sylvester Ekong Collins Edet Ridha Horchani Gaotsiwe Rampho -
Open Access Article
11 - Spin dynamics and surface magnons in antiferromagnetic monoxide lattices along [001] and [011] directions
Malika Boucherrab Ouahiba Nafa Boualem Bourahla Farid Chelli -
Open Access Article
12 - Steady-state electron trajectories in a free electron laser with ion-channel and axial magnetic field in the presence of self-fields
T. Mohsenpour -
Open Access Article
13 - Variational calculation with general density functional to solve the electronic Schrödinger equation directly for ground state: a recipe for self-consistent field solution
Sandor Kristyan -
Open Access Article
14 - Wigner distribution function of superposed quantum states for a time-dependent oscillator-like Hamiltonian system
Jeong Ryeol Choi Ji Nny Song Seong Ju Hong -
Open Access Article
15 - Kaluza-Klein interacting cosmic fluid cosmological model
Kishor S Adhav Meena V Dawande Soniya M Borikar -
Open Access Article
16 - A DFT study of interaction of hydrogen molecules and (5,5) carbon nanotube with bioinspired functionalization
Md Shahzad Khan Mohd Shahid Khan -
Open Access Article
17 - Electrical characterization of nanocrystalline zinc selenide thin films
Jeewan Sharma Deep Shikha Surya Kant Tripathi -
Open Access Article
18 - 3N bound state formalism based on 3N free basis states
M. Harzchi S. Bayegan -
Open Access Article
19 - Density functional investigation of structures and energetics of pure and Sn-doped small lithium clusters
Masoud Ansarino Shahab Zorriasatein -
Open Access Article
20 - Design and fabrication of highly hydrophobic Mn nano-sculptured thin films and evaluation of surface properties on hydrophobicity
Somaye Hosseini Hadi Savaloni Mehran Gholipour-Shahraki -
Open Access Article
21 - A short review about some exotic systems containing electrons, muons, and tauons
Mohsen Emami-Razavi -
Open Access Article
22 - AC impedance spectroscopy and conductivity studies of Dy doped Bi4V2O11 ceramics
Sasmitarani Bag Parthasarathi Das Banarji Behera -
Open Access Article
23 - Employing constant photocurrent method for the study of defects in silicon thin films
Hitendra K. Malik Sucheta Juneja Sushil Kumar -
Open Access Article
24 - Study of virtual annihilation and retardation effects in relativistic two-, four-, and six-body wave equations in scalar QFT
Mohsen Emami-Razavi Somayeh Asgary -
Open Access Article
25 - Solutions of Morse potential with position-dependent mass by Laplace transform
S. Miraboutalebi -
Open Access Article
26 - Nonlinear System Identification Using Hammerstein-Wiener Neural Network and subspace algorithms
Maryam Ashtari Mahini Mohammad Teshnehlab Mojtaba Ahmadieh khanehsar -
Open Access Article
27 - Recognizing the Emotional State Changes in Human Utterance by a Learning Statistical Method based on Gaussian Mixture Model
Reza Ashrafidoost Saeed Setayeshi Arash Sharifi -
Open Access Article
28 - PEML-E: EEG eye state classification using ensembles and machine learning methods
Razieh Asgarnezhad Karrar Ali Mohsin Alhameedawi -
Open Access Article
29 - Designing a Model of Positive Organizational Behavior in Human Resource Management in Iranian public sectors With the approach of Delph fuzzy technique
Khosrow Naderiheshi Reaz NajafbeygiABSTRACTPositive Organizational Behavior(POB) and having a positive look to human in order to discover his capabilities have been taken into consideration by many managers. The purpose of this study is to present a model for POB in the governmental organizations of Iran MoreABSTRACTPositive Organizational Behavior(POB) and having a positive look to human in order to discover his capabilities have been taken into consideration by many managers. The purpose of this study is to present a model for POB in the governmental organizations of Iran.This model of Positive Organizational Behavior was written and adapted with the governmental organizations and has four aspects and 20 parts. To analyze the current situation, the obtained model was tested in the management and planning organization and the findings have shown that as far as the Positive Organizational Behavior is concerned, there is a meaningful gap between the current situation and the suitable behavior according to what the laws of Country Services Management has set forth and to solve this, some recommendations were given to empower the laws more. The results of this study can be utilized in the evaluation of correct Positive Organizational Behavior in different organizations and can help the experts working in the field of human resources and organizational behavior to improve the current situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Providing optimal model of Public Administration Reform in Iran (Case Study: Pension and Compensation System)
mohammadreza pourmand morteza mosa khani reza najafbigi afsaneh zamani moghadamIn this research, the researchers sought to formulate a desirable model of public administration reform in the Iranian Pension and Service Compensation System. To elaborate and develop a desirable model, the structural equation modeling technique with LISREL software wa MoreIn this research, the researchers sought to formulate a desirable model of public administration reform in the Iranian Pension and Service Compensation System. To elaborate and develop a desirable model, the structural equation modeling technique with LISREL software was used to confirm the desirable situation. By comparing the current and desirable situation with the 23 items in the final stage, the results showed that there are many differences between the existing situation and the desirable one which need to be further worked out and planned in the 23 departments of workers 'and employers' representation in the formulation process. And enacting laws, empowering employees with trust funds Meeting, developing up-to-date regulations, creating think-tanks with investors and entrepreneurs, forecasting the process and results of the financial balance to take action, preparing transparency charts, estimating the financial risks of changing unemployment rates, rates Employment and changing retirement conditions to minimize future costs, long-term planning, paying attention to maintaining and enhancing the quality of services provided to retirees, engaging key stakeholders, including government, parliamentarians, ongoing item review. Macroeconomics (such as inflation) on the amount of pensioners' wages, the proportion of c Allowance for retirement benefits regardless of gender, etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The Impact of State Decentralization on Reducing Administrative Corruption with Mediator Role of the Establishment of Electronic State (Case Study: State Organizations of West Azerbaijan Province)
Sasan Tabehafshar Masoud GhahremaniBackground: Corruption is a major dilemma in public administration of many countries. the application of information technology and electronic state establishment, clarifying and reducing administrative corruption in organizations. Purpose: investigate the impact of sta MoreBackground: Corruption is a major dilemma in public administration of many countries. the application of information technology and electronic state establishment, clarifying and reducing administrative corruption in organizations. Purpose: investigate the impact of state decentralization on reducing administrative corruption by mediator role of electronic state establishment in west azerbaijan province public administration. Method: applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive nature is survey and correlation research. The statistical population 63079 people of stste organizations of West Azerbaijan Province. Using Cochran's formula and randomized stratified sampling method, 382 people were selected. the Pintrich and Derabalai state decentralization Questionnaire (1392) with a reliability coefficient of 0.85, the electronic state questionnaire of Rezai Kia (1392) 0.81, administrative Corruption by Sharife and Zhang (2009) 0.9 was used. the content validity of the questionnaires has already been approved by the experts. Findings: the decentralization of state on establishment of electronic state, establishment of electronic state on the reduction of administrative corruption, and decentralization of state on the reduction of administrative corruption has a positive effect. Conclusion: general conclusions show the impact of state decentralization by establishment of electronic state on the reduction of corruption in the state organizations of West Azerbaijan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Developing a Compound Pattern for Entrepreneurial Government and Good Governance and Providing Implemention Method in of Islamic Republic of Iran
hadi abolfathi masoud pourkiani mozhgan derakhshan navid fathi radTodays, the governments have to design a model to attract and develop human and nonhuman capitals and self-sufficiency in employment and earning money, in addition to identify entrepreneurial government and good governance, to be able in efficient and effective enterpre MoreTodays, the governments have to design a model to attract and develop human and nonhuman capitals and self-sufficiency in employment and earning money, in addition to identify entrepreneurial government and good governance, to be able in efficient and effective enterpreneurship. it is necessary to provide the strategies to implement the model designed.accordingly, the aim of this study is to present a hybrid model for entrepreneurial government and good governance and provide implementation strategies in the body of the government of Islamic Republic of Iran. The method of this research is objectively applied and in terms of data, it is an exploratory mixed one, and a self-emerging and data driven in terms of the nature and type of study. The statistical population contains all PhD experts including 30 managers in Islamic Azad University. Measurement tool is a semi-structured interview form based on open and axial encoding sent to the experts. At first, 2 dimensions, 23 components and 145 indicators are held to provide the research pattern and then interviewing with the government experts to collect more data, achieve theoretical saturation. At last, after collecting the data by Content Analysis method, 23 strategies, 11 components and 2 dimension are determined Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluate brand-based marketing based on competition strategy policies in the management of brand-owned state-owned companies
soheil karimirad Leila andervazhBackground: Given the competitive environment in the insurance industry, maintaining and developing market share is the result of competitive strategy policies. Therefore, identifying the factors influencing competition strategy policies is considered an important issue MoreBackground: Given the competitive environment in the insurance industry, maintaining and developing market share is the result of competitive strategy policies. Therefore, identifying the factors influencing competition strategy policies is considered an important issue in strategic brand-based marketing decisions. According to the findings, brandorientation stimulates the development of organizational identity and organizational identity also plays an important role in implementing brand-oriented marketing and improving the strategy of competitive strategy policies. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of brand-based marketing on competition strategy policies with emphasis on the role of organizational identity intervener in Iran Insurance Company. Methods: The research method is descriptive-correlational. The research population includes 400 employees of Iran Insurance Company. The sampling method used was simple random and the sample size was 196 based on Morgan table. It was analyzed in descriptive statistics by SPSS software. SMART-PALS software was used to test the developed hypotheses. Results: Findings obtained from path coefficients and significant coefficients showed that brand-based marketing have a significant and positive effect on competition strategy policies (β = 0.407, t = 4.821). Brand-based marketing has a positive and significant effect on organizational identity (β = 0.828, t = 28.171). It was also concluded that organizational identity has a significant and positive effect on competition strategy policies (β = 0.489, t = 5.817). Another result of the study showed that organizational identity can play a mediating role between the relationship between brand-based marketing and competitive strategy policies. Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that paying attention to brand-oriented marketing equips Iran Insurance Company with capabilities and capabilities that can have many results and consequences for companies such as company growth, profitability, increasing market share and increasing competitiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Foreign trade and foreign direct investment economic impact of the OIC Member States: Emphasis on management of import and export
Anayatulah Najibzadeh - Seyyed Rouhollah Seyyedi Mehdei Aram Bon Isaac Sediq SalekdehThis study has investigated the effectiveness of trade and foreign direct investment on economical growth the countries belong to islamic conference members. According to Bhagwati event, economical growth will affect on foreign direct investment under economical strateg MoreThis study has investigated the effectiveness of trade and foreign direct investment on economical growth the countries belong to islamic conference members. According to Bhagwati event, economical growth will affect on foreign direct investment under economical strategies which has been examined since 2000 to 2012. Based on the obtained resources, economical openness plays a positive and meaningful role on foreign direct investment. Therefore, it has been recommended developed countries of islamic conference member have to utlize extroversion strategies in order to be more effective in these investments and exploitation of their benefits and also provide an appropriate condition for export. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Providing an optimal model for gaining public trust in the Complaints System and Inspection Agency's announcements
enayat davoudi Afsaneh Mozaffari Ali asghar kia Shahnaz Hashemi One of the ways that government officials and government agencies can serve as citizens and citizens in protecting citizens 'rights is effectively addressing citizens' complaints. In fact, addressing and addressing public complaints is one of the safeguards of cit More One of the ways that government officials and government agencies can serve as citizens and citizens in protecting citizens 'rights is effectively addressing citizens' complaints. In fact, addressing and addressing public complaints is one of the safeguards of citizenship. This research seeks to provide an optimal model for gaining public trust in the Complaints System and Inspection Agency's announcements.In this research, a survey method and a researcher-made questionnaire were used. The study population was consist of customers and users of the complaint handling system and the organization's inspection reports in Mazandaran province comprising equal numbers of 24884 people. The sample size was 378 persons. Questionnaires was distributed based on systematic sampling method. The results resulted in the formulation of a model.The results of the compilation model for explaining the changes in the success rate of public trust in the inspection system complaints system shows that significant effect of external variable on customer characteristics and internal variables of technology, Website quality and organization features on public trust in the system. The overall results show that by improving the quality of the website, the status of the technology and features of the organization can be expected customers' characteristics are more likely to be met, and their level of trust in the complaints system will increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The desirable pattern and organizational structure of public universities PR (public relations managers point of view)
mahdokht boroujerdi alavi lila zarinkafsh Afsaneh MozaffariAbstract This research has been conducted with the aim of understanding the existing and desirable structure of public relations structures in public universities. The statistical society of this research has been formed by director of public relations managers at in pu MoreAbstract This research has been conducted with the aim of understanding the existing and desirable structure of public relations structures in public universities. The statistical society of this research has been formed by director of public relations managers at in public universities. This research is carried out in a general method and the statistical society consists of 127 public relations officials of universities and higher education which, 108 people have completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of questions on the current srate of the organizational structure of "what isit" and a general question of the desirable situation "what it should be" and for analyzing the data, descriptive statistics tables were adopted and the following results were obtained: After reviewing the profile of the pertiupants, the findings related to the assessment of the organizational structure of the public relations at public universities and higher education institutions were studied. In this study, the largest organizational structure is "office" and the smallest organizational structure are "the general administration" and "management". A signhcant numver of public relations officials work under direct supervision of the head of the university in which this has a major impact on the independence of public relations. It is worth mentioning that the title of post at universities and higher education institutions is a function of organizational structure and participation in various universities showing some confusion and uncertainty in the implementation of public relations responsibilities in universities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Comparative approach to media literacy in developing countries
Seyed Gholamreza FalsafiIn the present era of information and communication revolution pervades geographical boundaries and dramatic changes hasbeen created in the global arena, media can be such a useful tool to help the modern man have desired life, ideals and fruitfulusing the latest scient MoreIn the present era of information and communication revolution pervades geographical boundaries and dramatic changes hasbeen created in the global arena, media can be such a useful tool to help the modern man have desired life, ideals and fruitfulusing the latest scientific phenomena; furthermore, if the tool is used incorrectly or in bad faith can act as a devastating andcatastrophic force. To have audience will be able to protect themselves against media destructive consequences andchallenges in life alongside present plural media by enjoyment of well informed and actively media should create newliteracy that is called by the name of media literacy. Literacy media in addition to considerable ability in traditional literacythat is reading and writing skills creates the ability to analyze and evaluate messages and data transmission to others invarious formats and by different instruments in man. It also enables people to understand media work procedure and howmeaning it, i.e. the nature and purposes of media produced messages and effects and techniques of various media which makehim out of the mere consumerism and resist him against the damaging effects of the media.To clarify this issue, the study seeks to answer the question that what is approach of media literacy in developing countries?In this research, comparative study is used based on library and document method using information written resources,documents and valid scientific evidence needed to answer the research question were collected and presented. The author hastried to represent the approach of developed countries such as UK, Canada, Japan and the United States to promote medialiteracy in their communities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Recreating Concepts in the Architecture of Historical Bodies in the Construction of Interstate Buildings in the Historical Context of Metropolis Iran
peyman bahramifar vahid qobadian mahnaz mahmoudiThe monuments of each land are the cultural identity card of the land. In the meantime, urban textures and bodies have emerged as a result of particular circumstances, undergoing changes in various periods of history to become present, and thus becoming unique and unrep MoreThe monuments of each land are the cultural identity card of the land. In the meantime, urban textures and bodies have emerged as a result of particular circumstances, undergoing changes in various periods of history to become present, and thus becoming unique and unrepeatable entities and entities. In our country, this unparalleled, in the contemporary era, due to various factors, has undergone metamorphosis and collapse. It has taken place in a disruptive, unregulated tether, and has completely transformed the image of many of our historic cities. New buildings, in the historical context, before being merely an architectural monument, are introduced as part of the city that must adhere to particular rules and regulations to maintain consistency with historical sections. Extensive research on the topic of the body in a historical context indicates the importance of this topic among other issues related to architecture and urban planning. Moreover, learning the implications of semantic values embedded in past architecture and utilizing them in contemporary patterns. How Iranians have been thinking of old buildings and bodies for a century and a half now, because of their historical value, and the use of its components, and from what perspectives they organized it, is a fascinating and fascinating subject. And it's a secret. In this regard, the present study aims at explaining the concept of the body as a visually and conceptually communicative space, which is often a criterion for recognizing the value and identity of cities' architecture, and with the help of this framework, it is possible to identify dimensions and angles. And hidden values and their role in the design of the body architectures of old areas, and by exploiting and preserving these patterns and upgrading existing values in the historical context, one can recreate discolored semantic values in interstitial buildings and with identity. Its appearance harmonized. The purpose of this research is to investigate the design framework of interstate buildings in the historical context and how it is constructed. Therefore, data were collected and analyzed using the descriptive-analytical method to achieve research goals. The results show that historical bodies with multiple semantic values in different layers were objectively perceptible (concepts in the body) and subjective (concepts in the human mind) in the context of historical bodies. The proposed model of this research, after analyzing and evaluating the indicators in the metropolitan areas of central Iran (Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz), reveals the strategies that their architects used in the process of creating the work. According to the results obtained from this research in the field of semantic concepts embedded in the historical contextualization and prioritization of the different value levels of those concepts, more criteria can be used to qualify the construction of interstate buildings in the body. Designed and formulated historical texts. From the author's point of view, the priorities of the semantic values that can be easily reproduced in interstate buildings include connectivity/cohesion, rhythm, the order of flexibility, identity, harmony, and other values obtained in subsequent priorities. They can be represented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Assessment of some Contextual Architecture Factors with an Approach to Culture and Identity in the State and Public Buildings of Pahlavi Era (Case Study: Oil Cinema, Oil Industry College and National Bank)
Ahmadreza Kaboli Bagher karimi Jamaledin Mahdinejad darzi -
Open Access Article
40 - A Systematic Review of the Fragile City Concept
Neda Eskandari Zahra Sadat Saeideh Zarabadi Farah Habib -
Open Access Article
41 - Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Urban Housing in Nigeria: Evidence from Ogun State
Eziyi O. Ibem Egidario B. Aduwo -
Open Access Article
42 - State extended ideals in state MV-algebras
Fereshteh Forouzesh zahra Dehghani Poshtroudi Tayebeh Waezizadeh Mahdieh EbrahimpourIn this paper, we introduce the notion of state extended ideal associated to a subset of state MV-algebras ‎‎and‎‎‎‎‎‎ investigate the related properties. A characterization of this state extended ideal in a state MV-algebras is given&lrm MoreIn this paper, we introduce the notion of state extended ideal associated to a subset of state MV-algebras ‎‎and‎‎‎‎‎‎ investigate the related properties. A characterization of this state extended ideal in a state MV-algebras is given‎. In addition, we study the relation between state extended ideals and state prime ideals, state maximal ideal in a state MV-algebra.We show that if f:A→B is state homomorphism MV-algebra such that f(A^' )=B', then we have (1) If I is a state stable relative to B'⊆B, then f^(-1) (I) is a state stable relative to A'⊆A.(2) If f is an onto and I is a state stable relative to A'⊆A, Ker(f)⊆I, then f(I) is a state stable relative to B'⊆B. ‎In ‎finally, ‎we define state stable ideals and we show that the ‎class ‎‎‎S(B)‎ of ‎all ‎state stable ‎ideals ‎relative ‎to ‎‎ B⊆A ‎is ‎also a‎ ‎complete ‎Heyting ‎algebra, ‎for ‎a state ‎‎MV‎-algebra ‎‎(A,σ). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - A New Continuous Multi-State Reliability Model with Time Dependent Component Performance Rate
M.r. Shahriari M. Sharifi S. Naser KhakiA CSS1†is a system with the continues-state components. When a component has the ability to obtain all the situations from completely working to completely failed, it named continues-state component. In the real world, performance rate of elements are continuous MoreA CSS1†is a system with the continues-state components. When a component has the ability to obtain all the situations from completely working to completely failed, it named continues-state component. In the real world, performance rate of elements are continuous and decrease by time. Continuity of components causes infinite working states and grows up the system states. In this paper we propose a new method for series-parallel continues-state RAP2‡using UGF3§for multi-state systems. In this method at first we consider a binary CFR4**system. Using Weibull distribution function for the performance rate of working state, this system upgraded to a CSC. Then the UGF for a series-parallel system has been studied and a numerical example presented to illustrate the reliability and availability computation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Postmodernism in the International Relations
Alireza Azghandi Mohsen MahmoudiPostmodernists in the arena of International Relations maintain that it is possible to ventureinto the field and view its subjects and principles in different ways. From their point of view,the basic concepts of classical IR theories have collapsed and loosen their cert MorePostmodernists in the arena of International Relations maintain that it is possible to ventureinto the field and view its subjects and principles in different ways. From their point of view,the basic concepts of classical IR theories have collapsed and loosen their certainty and universality.In this new approach, what has previously been in the foreground can be marginalizedand the issues which have been downgraded marginal can be brought to the mainstreamof international studies. The main target of postmodernists like Der Derian, Ashley, Diutakand others is to problematize and eliminate those assumptions of IR theory. Which claim todemonstrate the reality at international level and recognize it through positivist methods. Thisarticle is divided into four sections: the first deals with the relationship between power andknowledge in the context of IR; the second discusses a summary of textual strategies appliedin postmodern approaches to international relations; the third section shows how postmodernismin related to the state, and the forth section briefly explains the ethical orientation ofpostmodernism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Understanding of Nation-State in Theories of International Relations
Sreyed Abdol-Ali Ghavam Afshin ZargarThis article reviews different understandings of Nation-State in IR theories. studying different IRtheories and recognizing their weaknesses and strength for presentation of suitable understandingabout Nation-State, and reentering the theme of order in IR theories and d MoreThis article reviews different understandings of Nation-State in IR theories. studying different IRtheories and recognizing their weaknesses and strength for presentation of suitable understandingabout Nation-State, and reentering the theme of order in IR theories and dividing it into two categories- intrastate order and interstate order - this article has made an attempt to achieve suitableunderstanding about the way of making and changing states in International Relations. To achievethis goal, we emphasize on the proximity of IR therory to Political theory. Therefore in this way wecan offer the primary researching pattern for a more precise understanding of why, how and whatthe Nation-Stateis. (appearance, evolution and function.)This study approves that we can not ignore the issue of Nation-State with aspects dimensionsof it, especially appearance, evolution and change (Nation-State making in IR studies because suchignorance will lead to offering defective and incomplete understanding of IR particularly centralactor of it; Nation-State. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Class Mobility in Iran: The Determining Factors
رحمن GhahremanpourIt is commonly argued that classes in non-Westernsocieties are the products of state performance rather thansocial transformations. The author argues that the viciouscycle of power, that is the domination of political power overeconomic power, is one of the main reasons MoreIt is commonly argued that classes in non-Westernsocieties are the products of state performance rather thansocial transformations. The author argues that the viciouscycle of power, that is the domination of political power overeconomic power, is one of the main reasons for the perpetuationof such a situation. In this regard, excessive class mobility is animportant obstacle to the emergence of autonomous classes inIran. It is expected that new class mobility (negative or positive)would be witnessed when there is a change in political system.Furthermore, there are other factors which affect the positionof classes in Iran. International system, religion and specificstructure of Iranian society are among these factors. Accordingto the author, understanding the question of classes depends onstudying the way in which power is executed in the society. Classis closely related to national identity, social cohesion and socialorder. Therefore, he concludes that the higher class mobility in asociety, the lower will become social cohesion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Fascism and Hegel; a reading on the concurrence of theory and practice
Ahmad Saei Mahmoud MoqaddasA hundred years before the rise of the third Reich, Hegel, in his writings, wished for days in which the Aria- Germanic soul and thought became the soul of the new world so that it actualized the absolute truth and accomplished his historical duty, a dream which came to MoreA hundred years before the rise of the third Reich, Hegel, in his writings, wished for days in which the Aria- Germanic soul and thought became the soul of the new world so that it actualized the absolute truth and accomplished his historical duty, a dream which came to true in Fascism period. Hegel considered state as the shadow of God on earth, admired the history making persons as god-like creatures and regarded war necessary for the moral correctness of the societies. Studying the foundations of Fascism reveals that the above- noted ideas are the components of fascism, nomatter how important are the ideas of some prominent philosophers such as Nieztche, croce, Ggentile, categorically, Hegel is the philosophical great-grandfather of fascism, a prominent philosopher whose philosophy is so open to interpretation that some like Popper considers fascism as an amalgamation of Hegel’s ideas and nineteenth century materialism. The point is the concurrence of theory and practice in fascism which this article tries to examine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Scope of Another’s Property Management A Comparative Study
محسن RahmaniArticle 306 of Iran Civil Code relates to power of property management forabsentee, interdicted, or such persons if certain conditions are met. However, FrenchLaw, where Article 306 was originally adopted, as well as laws of Egypt and Syriaprovide for wider scope of pow MoreArticle 306 of Iran Civil Code relates to power of property management forabsentee, interdicted, or such persons if certain conditions are met. However, FrenchLaw, where Article 306 was originally adopted, as well as laws of Egypt and Syriaprovide for wider scope of power, compared to what is stated in Iran Civil Code,which includes pressing and / or essential material and legal appropriation for thebenefit of the owner. The civil codes in the three countries under study define thelegal entity as “Management of another’s affairs”. This study attempts to review andarrive at a better understanding of the legislators’ intent by comparing it with similarlaws of other countries. Furthermore, this study tries to prove that management ofnon-financial matters as well as management of debt and receivables may, undercertain circumstances, fall under the relevant laws of another’s propertymanagement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Combined Application of State Space in ARIMA Form Model and Monte Carlo Simulation Method to Forecast TEPIX Index
Aghigh Farhadi Farhad GhaffariIn this study, we estimated the parameters using the State Space model described inARIMA form. We’ve also used the Monte Carlo Method for simulating the process in10000 reputations. Then the estimated parameters and the Monte Carlo simulationmethod are used to for MoreIn this study, we estimated the parameters using the State Space model described inARIMA form. We’ve also used the Monte Carlo Method for simulating the process in10000 reputations. Then the estimated parameters and the Monte Carlo simulationmethod are used to forecast TEPIX index, including 739 observations as an in-sampledata from 21th of January 2011 to 19th February 2014 and 59 observations from 20thFebruary 2014 to 21th May 2014 as an out of sample data . Furthermore, For moreinvestigation we’ve considered different horizons of forecasting, short-term (equal to 1week), mid-term (equal to 1 month) and long term (equal to 3 month). The results showedthat Tehran stock market data has enough efficiency to forecast them, and showed that theState Space in Form ARIMA model and the Monte Carlo simulation method can be usedas a predictive algorithm for TEPIX index and other indices with similar nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Dynamic Efficiency in Tehran Stock Exchange by Kalman Filter
Zahra Farshadfar Marcel ProkopczukEstimating informative efficiency in financial market is crucial for investors. They can gain unusual profit when the market is inefficient. As informative efficiency is evolving and undergoing changes in emerging markets such as Iran, classic methods for efficiency est MoreEstimating informative efficiency in financial market is crucial for investors. They can gain unusual profit when the market is inefficient. As informative efficiency is evolving and undergoing changes in emerging markets such as Iran, classic methods for efficiency estimation in these kind of financial markets are not suitable. Therefore, in such markets a hybrid method needs to be applied in such a way that the existing status of efficiency (static approach) and the efficiency during time (dynamic approach- in the absence of static efficiency) can be studied. The present study aims to determine the efficiency of Tehran Stock Exchange market by both static and dynamic approach. In order to obtain this goal, a combination of TVPGARCH and Kalman filter methods were applied on weekly total price index data during 2008 to 2017. Results indicate that the performance in Tehran Stock Exchange market in the static form does not have week efficiency. On the other hand, there is no evidence of efficiency dynamicity in Tehran Stock Exchange market performance during the studied period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Financial Statement Comparability and Expected Stock Price Crash Risk
Zohreh Hajiha hasan Chenari BouketAbstractThis study investigated the relationship between the comparability of financial statements with the expected crash risk stock prices in firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Information needed for the study of the financial statements of 117 firms in the pe MoreAbstractThis study investigated the relationship between the comparability of financial statements with the expected crash risk stock prices in firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Information needed for the study of the financial statements of 117 firms in the period 1390-1394 has been collected. To test the hypothesis of multivariate regression with panel data is used. To calculate the variable comparability of the model De-Franco et al. (2011) and to calculate the variable crash risk expected stock price model Kothari et al (2009) is used. The findings of the research hypothesis and show that there is negative relationship between the comparability of financial statements with the expected crash risk stock prices. In other words, by increasing the comparability of uncertainty, incorrect analysis, investors and fear of further fall in prices will reduce the period of the crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Dissecting stock price momentum using financial statement analysis of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Ahmad Khoddamipour Majid Azadi SheshdehMany studies have been done on the momentum strategy in Tehran Stock Exchange to predict stock returns .In most of research pertaining to momentum, profit and return are used as a criterion for selection of stocks with best (worst) performance in the past for momentum p MoreMany studies have been done on the momentum strategy in Tehran Stock Exchange to predict stock returns .In most of research pertaining to momentum, profit and return are used as a criterion for selection of stocks with best (worst) performance in the past for momentum portfolio. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the profitability of momentum strategy using the analysis of financial statements based on past share returns. For this purpose, the sample includes 213 member companies of Tehran Stock Exchange and has been selected for a period of 10 years from 1388 to 1397. This research is applied in terms of purpose, post-event experimental in terms of research method, reasoning in terms of method, establishment, theory in terms of behavioral financial research and statistically in the form of correlational research using community (sample). It acts as a model for the whole society. To test the research model, first F-Limer test and then Hausman test were used. The results tests showed that the test method for the research hypothesis is the panel (panel) data method with fixed effects, which was performed using 10 EViews software. The results of this study show that the collected data are significant at 95% confidence level (P-Value = 0.000) and the adjusted R2 value is 0.89 and shows that about 89% when performance expectations A company reflected in past prices that is consistent with fundamental analysis, the momentum effect is stronger than when the pure momentum strategy is used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The Relationship between EPS Restatement Size and Stock Return and P/E Ratio in Tehran Stock Exchange
Ghasem blue Shahin AhmadiThis study investigates the relationship between EPS restatement size and stock return and P/E ratio from one hand and the difference between P/E ratios of two groups of companies with restated and without restated earnings. Restated earnings are an index determining th MoreThis study investigates the relationship between EPS restatement size and stock return and P/E ratio from one hand and the difference between P/E ratios of two groups of companies with restated and without restated earnings. Restated earnings are an index determining the precision and accuracy of information presented during past periods. Investigating a sample of 70 registered companies in Tehran stock exchange and using regression method, we concluded that there is no significant relationship between EPS restatement size and P/E ratios, but there is a significant relationship between EPS restatement size and earnings return. We also concluded that there is significant difference between companies with and without EPS restatement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Testing the transmission of price fluctuations of physical assets to selected industries (Application of state space approach and ARDL model)
mahdi shaban habibollah nakhaei ghodratollah talebnia nazanin bashiri maneshThe purpose of this study is to test the transmission of price fluctuations of physical assets to the returns of selected industries including the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, construction and basic metals industries. For this purpose, the data of selected industries MoreThe purpose of this study is to test the transmission of price fluctuations of physical assets to the returns of selected industries including the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, construction and basic metals industries. For this purpose, the data of selected industries return index, dollar rate, Bahar Azadi coin price (representative of gold market), Iranian crude oil price and housing price from mid-December 2008 to March 2019 were prepared with daily frequency and using conditional heterogeneity variance method and state space approach and Kalman filter, conditional standard deviation of returns is considered as a measure of fluctuations. Then, using the ARDL method, how the fluctuations in the price of physical assets are transmitted to the index of returns of selected industries is described. The results show that the chemical industry from the fluctuations of the foreign exchange market, housing and gold, the pharmaceutical industry from the fluctuations of the oil, foreign exchange and housing markets, the construction materials industry from the fluctuations of the foreign exchange market, the food industry from the fluctuations of the oil market and the basic metals industry from the market fluctuations gold has a contagious linear system that provides evidence of information inefficiency in the Tehran Stock Exchange industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Comparing the Status of Publishing Scientific Journals in State Universities and Islamic Azad University Units
Mansour Torkiantabar Fahime Babalhavaeji Ali Haji Shamsaii -
Open Access Article
56 - The Rise and Decline of Kurdish Movement in Years 1978-88
Hamidreza Jalaeipour -
Open Access Article
57 - Measuring the Readiness of State Hospitals for Implementation of Lean Systems; Case of HamedanState Hospitals
روح اله سهرابی هدیه مبشری عباس صمدیIntroduction: In the way of the policies of the healthcare system of many countries, based on the improvement of the healthcare services, the lean implementation has been taken into consideration as the way of achieving it but no organization can become lean overnight s MoreIntroduction: In the way of the policies of the healthcare system of many countries, based on the improvement of the healthcare services, the lean implementation has been taken into consideration as the way of achieving it but no organization can become lean overnight so it needs providing some precondition structures. Therfore, understanding the fundamental factors plays a profound role in successfully and effectively implementing the lean system. Mothods: This research is a descriptive survey which has been done in cross-sectional way in the state hospitals of the Hamedan city in the first half of the year 2015. In this study, a questionnaire in two stages, was used for data collection. The population of the first stage 179 members of supervisors, managers and support clinical units were used to randomly sample, 122 subjects were selected randomly. In the second stage of the respondents, 10 master's degree or doctorate senior executive experts in the field of hospital management were at least 5 years. In the first phase analysis using statistical software SPSS22 and secondly ranking factors affecting the purity of the hospital AHP method took Expert Choice software. Results: The hospitals of the Hamadan city are not in a desirable situation in accordance with educational issues, employee participant, and the alignment of the performance and reward system with the lean goals. Also, identifying and eliminating wastes has the greatest weight by the relative weight of 0.234 and the system of evaluating performance and reward has the least weight by the relative weight of 0.032 among the seven readiness factors of lean implementation. Conclusion: Implementing lean without considering the sufficient fundamental conditions will lead to non-performance and wastage of resources. Moreover, considering the readiness factors is essential due to the important role of identifying and eliminating the wastes in lean implementation to achieve performance improvement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - State-Owned Enterprises and Corporate Governance Strength: Evidence from Indonesia
D. Warganegara Y. Hutagaol M. A. Saputra Y. Anggraini -
Open Access Article
59 - Surveying the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with moderating role of perceived security and perceived trust of electronic transfer in Mellat Bank branches in Sari city
Rohoallah Alizadeh Seyed Mehdi Hosseini Ozineh Elham khaniAbstract Present study tries to survey the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in Mellat Bank branches of Sari city. From standpoint of goal, this stu MoreAbstract Present study tries to survey the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in Mellat Bank branches of Sari city. From standpoint of goal, this study is an applied study and from method point of view is a survey – descriptive and cause - reason study. Statistical population is customers of Mellat Bank branches in Sari city which their numbers are infinite. The questionnaires were distributed randomly and relative classified among 395 customers. The data was analyzed using structural equations and Lisrel software. The results indicate that objective dimensions of electronic payment has impact on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in branches of Mellat Bank in Sari city. In this regard, all hypothesis were confirmed and finally some recommendations were provided to branches of Mellat Bank in Sari city. Keywords: Technical securities, transaction processes, security statements, perceived security, perceived trust, the usage of electronic payment system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Surveying the Effect of Objective Dimensions of Electronic Payment on Using Electronic Payment Systems with Moderating Role of Perceived Security and Perceived Trust of Electronic Transfer in Mellat Bank
R. Alizadeh S. M. HosseiniOzineh E. KhaniPresent study tries to survey the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in Mellat Bank branches of Sari city. From standpoint of goal, this study is an MorePresent study tries to survey the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in Mellat Bank branches of Sari city. From standpoint of goal, this study is an applied study and from method point of view is a survey – descriptive and cause - reason study. Statistical population is customers of Mellat Bank branches in Sari city which their numbers are infinite. The questionnaires were distributed randomly and relative classified among 395 customers. The data was analyzed using structural equations and Lisrel software. The results indicate that objective dimensions of electronic payment has impact on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in branches of Mellat Bank in Sari city. In this regard, all hypothesis were confirmed and finally some recommendations were provided to branches of Mellat Bank in Sari city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Jurisprudential considerations of registration in the acquisition of immovable property
Mohammadalabdalsaleh Shahnoosh forooshaniThe importance of land and real estate in general, among other property that human beings deal with, has caused this property to be the subject of many conflicts between people in society;.The different legal systems have each tried to provide a solution so that the buy MoreThe importance of land and real estate in general, among other property that human beings deal with, has caused this property to be the subject of many conflicts between people in society;.The different legal systems have each tried to provide a solution so that the buyer can be sure of the absence of an adversarial transaction and facilitate access to information related to the ownership of real estate that is necessary for economic policy. This article tries to answer the following questions: Can the sale be made conditional on its registration? Can the transfer of ownership be made subject to sale? Can a transaction that has not been registered by the government be considered unreliable? Can a document of transaction or ownership of immovable property be considered only as proof of ownership? It has been suggested that if the solution to the problem is unique in the current situation in using the official property registration system, the capacity of the Soltanieh rulings at the disposal of the Islamic ruler should be used to legitimize it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Theories of Creation and Expression in Imperatives (Inshā')
َAlireza AminiThere are different views on analyzing the nature of imperatives. Thecreative and expressive views each seek to explain the nature and functionof imperatives relying on certain points. presenting the generally receiveddefinition, the present article studies the major ch MoreThere are different views on analyzing the nature of imperatives. Thecreative and expressive views each seek to explain the nature and functionof imperatives relying on certain points. presenting the generally receiveddefinition, the present article studies the major challenges facing thistheory.Surveying different prevailing foundations on this issue and raisingvarious interpretations concerning the creative of expressive nature ofimperatives, the article seeks to raise a hybrid view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - A Study and Criticism of the Proofs of the Exclusion of non- Muslim Heirs by Muslim Ones in Shiite Jurisprudence
Tayebe ArefniaThe Shiite idea concerning the succession of the people of variousreligions is that not only Muslims inherit non-Muslims, but they canexclude them from inheritance. This rule applies although the estateleaveris non-Muslim, or the relation of non-Muslim heirs to him is c MoreThe Shiite idea concerning the succession of the people of variousreligions is that not only Muslims inherit non-Muslims, but they canexclude them from inheritance. This rule applies although the estateleaveris non-Muslim, or the relation of non-Muslim heirs to him is closerthan Muslim ones.This rule rests on Muslim consensus and certain traditions. Arguingagainst the above-mentioned proofs by showing inconsistency of theabove rule with the spirit of Islam and the generally received foundationsof the Quran and traditions, the present article casts doubt on the rulereferred to. It also proves there should not be any exclusion of non-Muslim heirs by Muslim ones in case the estate-leaver is non-Muslim, orthe relation of no-Muslim heirs to the estate-leaver is the same as or closerthan that of the Muslim heirs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The Concept and Essence of Context Implication
Sara Hajizadeh Alireza MashhadizadehContext implication is a kind of implication that is conceived from the context and it is essential to the text but not express in the teller words. There are three kinds of Context implication which are: demonstrative implication, remark implication, suitable implicati MoreContext implication is a kind of implication that is conceived from the context and it is essential to the text but not express in the teller words. There are three kinds of Context implication which are: demonstrative implication, remark implication, suitable implication. There are three views with regard to the essence of this implication that whether it is concept or statement or another kind of implication. Some believe that context implication is a concept. Others named this implication statement and the last group of scholars believe that this is a separate kind of implication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The Ability of Direct Cash Flow versus Indirect Cash Flow Method for Predict Future Operating Cash Flow
غلامرضا کردستانی بهمن کولیوند عباس زند عباس آبادیEffect of method of providing cash flow resulting from operating activities (directand indirect methods)in power of predict future cash flows of the issues that a lot ofresearch has led the financial literature. Cash Flow Statements aim to provideinformation regarding t MoreEffect of method of providing cash flow resulting from operating activities (directand indirect methods)in power of predict future cash flows of the issues that a lot ofresearch has led the financial literature. Cash Flow Statements aim to provideinformation regarding the flow of incoming and outgoing cash during an accountingperiod. If the flow of funds that offers with information on other users of financialstatements should assist in these purposes to: (a) evaluate the company can create apositive future net cash flow evaluate the ability to participate in the confrontationcommitments and also requires the company to external financing, evaluate thecompany can pay the financing costs and dividends, Children understand thedifference and net operating profit company operating cash flows, determine theeffects of capital transactions Investment and Financing made during the company'sfinancial condition. The aim of this paper is a review of this issue 1) directlycompared the methods of indirect methods of calculating flow. Operating cash flowability to predict more are operating? 2) whether operating cash flow compared withits components is more useful for investors?According to survey results with data collected from companies listed in TehranStock Exchange during the period 1380 until 1388 showed that the cash flow ofinformation due to operational activities of the direct method predict more comparedwith indirect methods are entitled, and operating cash flow compared with itscomponents is more useful for investors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Relationship between Audit quality and Industry type
رمضانعلی رویایی کاوه آذین فرAudit quality studied in variety researches and research relation with manyparameters like auditor size , reputation and industry type. In the present research ; theresearchers seek to study the relationship between audit quality and industry type inIran . They seek tha MoreAudit quality studied in variety researches and research relation with manyparameters like auditor size , reputation and industry type. In the present research ; theresearchers seek to study the relationship between audit quality and industry type inIran . They seek that delineate who whether audit quality assimilate in all of industryor we in some of industry observe more audit quality. because corporations memberTehran stock exchange categorize in 4 class: minerals; wood and paper ; metal andautomobile; medicinal and meal. To study the quality, researchers, criterion, thecomparison of discovered and reported misstatements in audit reports are performedby separating it into five kinds of misstatements by comparing the current year auditreport and statement of retained earning in the future year. Hence criterion auditquality is percent discovered misstatements to total misstatements . The method usedis dichotomy research and the statistical analyses performed in this research indicate ain minerals industry is too audit quality and ; wood and paper industry is low auditquality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Survey the Relation between Different Segments of Cash Flow Statement and Capital Structure
Farzaneh Heidarpoor Hasan EsmaeiliMain goal of this research is to find out whether between different segmentsof cash flow statement and capital structure in Tehran Exchange Committeeany relationship exists or not?This research is limited to companies which have accepted in TehranExchange Committee in 1 MoreMain goal of this research is to find out whether between different segmentsof cash flow statement and capital structure in Tehran Exchange Committeeany relationship exists or not?This research is limited to companies which have accepted in TehranExchange Committee in 1381-1385 and have increased their capital at leastonce in considered period.In this research by applying formula the volume of sample were determinedthirty five companies.The result of this study shows that there is not relationship between differentsegments of cash flow statement and capital structure in Tehran ExchangeCommittee. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Managerial Overconfidence and Earnings Overstatement
Solaleh NasiriPour Dori Bahman Banimahd Hamid AhmadzadehThe main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between earnings management and managerial overconfidence in listed firms on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This study has attempted to answer the question as to whether that overconfidence from the chief e MoreThe main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between earnings management and managerial overconfidence in listed firms on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This study has attempted to answer the question as to whether that overconfidence from the chief executive officer can impact firm's earnings management. To answer the question of this study, we have investigated 915 year-firm observations from listed firms on Tehran Stock Exchange from 2004-2014. Data analysis and hypothesis testing was performed by using binary logistic regression. The results confirmed that as managerial overconfidence increased, then the earnings overstatement will increases. In addition, the results indicated that there is a significant and negative correlation between debt ratio and size of the firms with maximization of earnings management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Evolution management accounting tools; the solution to reduce the ominous shadow opportunistic restatements
Ali Sayadi Somar Khadijeh Nasri Farshad SabzalipoorCorrect use of modern management accounting approaches In current trade environment , to achieve company goals better and to gain competitive advantage, is nessessary. also, Financial Restatements as clear and transparent evidence of not reliable past financial statemen MoreCorrect use of modern management accounting approaches In current trade environment , to achieve company goals better and to gain competitive advantage, is nessessary. also, Financial Restatements as clear and transparent evidence of not reliable past financial statements , Low quality of reporting and Non-realization Forecasts and goals of the company. Thus, the present study has followed the investigate restatements incentives According to the Evolution stage of management accounting. Therefore, 60 questionnaires after repeated follow-up were completed by companies, which together with the financial statements of 2014 and 2015 Respondents companies, They were analyzed using spss software. Results show that applying modern management accounting tools has negative effect which is equal to 0.13,on financial restatements. Also, the reason Non-realization Predicted goals, evolution first step companies, All of them restatements their financial statements. However, evolution 4 step companies ,have non-opportunistic incentives, in their financial restatements. Therefore, it can be said that applying accounting tools which are value-based, has led to reduce financial restatements and change the restatements incentive to from opportunistic to non-opportunistic. Also, the variables audit quality and effective tax rate; Adjusts the effectiveness management accounting tools on financial restatements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Corporate Governance and Cultural Pluralism
Hadiseh Darvish Bahman Banimahd Hashem Nikoomram F. Rahnamaie RoodposhtiThe main objective of this paper is to examine the obstacles to the content development of corporate governance system in Iran from the perspective of cultural pluralism theory. Cultural pluralism emphasizes the ability of groups to compete and the participation of vari MoreThe main objective of this paper is to examine the obstacles to the content development of corporate governance system in Iran from the perspective of cultural pluralism theory. Cultural pluralism emphasizes the ability of groups to compete and the participation of various minorities in the decision-making process related to the economic and political system Introducing the concept of cultural pluralism and its association with the corporate system, this study explores the obstacles facing cultural pluralism and accordingly does a pathological analysis of the factors underlying the underdevelopment of the corporate governance system. The results of the study show that political development, the content separation of ownership from management, the resolution of legal problems, the elimination of state corporatism, and the development of the culture of accountability can lead to the development of the corporate governance system. According to the results of this paper, the development of cultural pluralism in the Iranian economic system is considered an important factor in the development of corporate governance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Related-Party Transactions and Financial Statement Comparability: An Empirical Study of the Conflict of Interest Hypothesis
Khadijeh Najafian Mehdi Safari GerayliAccording to the conflict of interest hypothesis, directors take advantage of related-party transactions for their personal benefits so that companies with related-party transactions present less comparable financial information to mask the adverse effects of such trans MoreAccording to the conflict of interest hypothesis, directors take advantage of related-party transactions for their personal benefits so that companies with related-party transactions present less comparable financial information to mask the adverse effects of such transactions and thus prevent stakeholders from recognizing them. Given this argument, this study aims at exploring the effect of related-party transactions on the comparability of financial statements. To do so, a sample of 86 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2012-2016 were selected and then tested using multivariate regression model based on panel data. In accordance with the conflict of interest hypothesis, the results revealed that related-party transactions lead to a fall in financial information comparability. The findings of the study not only fill the research gap in the field, but also benefit investors, stock exchange and other stakeholders in decision making process Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The Detection of Financial Statements Fraud According To Audit Report of Financial Statments
Mehdi Rezaie Mahdi Nazemi Ardakani Alireza Naser SadrabadiThis paper aims the detection of financial statements fraud according to audit report of financial statments. The initial research data were collected from a statistical sample consisting of 164 companies, listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2017 and select MoreThis paper aims the detection of financial statements fraud according to audit report of financial statments. The initial research data were collected from a statistical sample consisting of 164 companies, listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2017 and selected through the systematic sampling method. The statistical sample was divided into two separate groups, i.e. fraudulent (1) and non-fraudulent (0) companies. The independent fraud-related variables included 41 financial and nonfinancial variables, selected through theoretical foundations and the research background. The data of variables, collected through the desk method, were finally analyzed through the top five techniques of machine learning, including; the Bayesian networks, the decision tree, artificial neural networks, support vector machine, and combined method. According to the results, all of these techniques were highly capable of fraud detection in financial statements. Moreover, the proposed combined technique outperformed the other techniques in evaluation accuracy and power with an estimation rate of 96.2%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Investigating the role of state ownership on the relationship tax avoidance and audit fees: The empirical test of the Deep Pocket Theory
Rohollah Arab Mohammad Gholamrezapoor Narjes Amirnia Amir EmadodiniTax avoidance leads to high information asymmetry of enterprises and weakens the quality of accounting information. Auditors need to implement additional auditing procedures to control audit risks that may arise from tax avoidance, thus charging higher audit fees. Based MoreTax avoidance leads to high information asymmetry of enterprises and weakens the quality of accounting information. Auditors need to implement additional auditing procedures to control audit risks that may arise from tax avoidance, thus charging higher audit fees. Based on the trend of risk-based auditing and “deep pocket” theory. Therefore, based on the risk-based audit process and “deep pocket” theory, the present study investigates the association between tax avoidance and audit fees with respect to the moderating effect of state ownership on listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange. To test the research hypotheses, the financial information of the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange was used between 2013 and 2017, so that after applying the limitations in this research, a final sample of 88 companies was selected. After measuring the variables of the research, multivariate linear regression analysis was used to test the research hypotheses. The hypothesis test is also done using Eviews econometric software and statistical techniques of panel data. The results of statistical tests indicate that tax avoidance increases the amount of corporate audit fees. In addition, the results show that the positive impact of tax avoidance on audit fees in state-owned companies is far lower. Also, the results of the sensitivity analysis test showed that the use of alternative metrics to measure tax avoidance also has no effect on the main results of the research, and the results of the research are robust. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Islamic State Educational Facilities in organizing the process of socializing women
Firozeh KaramiIntroduction and purpose of the Research: In the present era, due to the social, cultural and economic upheavals, the presence of women in various fields of society has increased. Since the socialization of women and the consequent consequences of it are inevitable, the MoreIntroduction and purpose of the Research: In the present era, due to the social, cultural and economic upheavals, the presence of women in various fields of society has increased. Since the socialization of women and the consequent consequences of it are inevitable, the Islamic State has a very important task to prepare for the proper conditions for the presence of women in society. This essay examines the responsibilities of the Islamic State in the management and planning of the field of education in order to foster the appropriate conditions for women's participation in society. Methods: This paper is descriptive-analytic and based on sources, texts and previous researches and expert opinions. The theoretical basis of this research is mainly based on the works of Professor Morteza Motahhari. Findings: The main tasks of the government in policy planning, planning and management of educational affairs, in order to improve the socialization process of women, are: developing a family education system, teaching life and home skills, teaching parenting skills and coaching, teaching science (general and specialized) Family-based skills upgrading, social and occupational developmental skills, career planning training courses, self-employment skills training courses, skills development in homework and entrepreneurship training courses. Conclusions: The Islamic State has a duty to properly and accurately implement the above-mentioned plans and take appropriate and urgent measures, because the lack of proper functioning of them involves abnormalities and disadvantages that challenge the personality and personality of the woman, family and community excellence. Will pull. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Presenting a pattern of money laundering control in the banking system of the Government of Iran with emphasis on the factor of public culture
abdolmahdi torabiyan masoud pourkiani saeid sayadiIntroduction and purpose of the research: The purpose of this study is to present a pattern of money laundering control in the banking system of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran with emphasis on the factor of public culture. Research Method: In this study, MoreIntroduction and purpose of the research: The purpose of this study is to present a pattern of money laundering control in the banking system of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran with emphasis on the factor of public culture. Research Method: In this study, first the factors affecting money laundering control for public culture were identified through a survey of experts using Delphi technique, and then these factors were tested in the form of a model designed in the statistical community. The statistical population of the study was 321 people, all senior managers of Kerman National Bank branches, and 200 people were selected as the sample. Data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires (2 questionnaires). The data were analyzed in SPSS and AMOS22 software. Findings: Factor analysis results show that the components of "moving away from the state economy" and "e-banking" were the most important in explaining the money laundering variable, so that the component of moving away from the state economy 90% and the component of e-banking 86%. Conclusion: Money laundering has become one of the most important issues in many countries and can have far-reaching consequences for the economy of any country, and the relevant institutions must pay special attention to take action to combat this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Electronic transport in Si and Au monoatomic chains considering strongly correlation effect, a first principle study
Mansoureh Pashangpour Vahid Ghaffari -
Open Access Article
77 - Theoretical Study of Addition Reaction of Carbene and Zigzag Single-walled Carbon Nanotube
Saeid Abedini Khoramie Shahram Moradi Somayeh Miryousefi Samira Eftekharjoo -
Open Access Article
78 - Use of semi empirical method for determination of the activation energy of thermal decomposition of vinyl ethers
Behnaz Shahrokh Garnik Sargsyan -
Open Access Article
79 - ACTIVATION PARAMETERS AND RELATION OF ACTIVATION ENTROPY WITH SOLVENT POLARITY IN THERMAL REARRANGEMENT OF 7,7-DICHLORO-[a,c]- DIBENZO-[4,1,0]-BICYCLOHEPTANE
Saeed Taghvaei-Ganjali Hassan Kabiri-Fard -
Open Access Article
80 - Excited-State Parameters of One Intramolecular Cyclization by TD-DFT, CIS and ZINDO Methods
M. H. Ghorbani R. Fazaeli A. Ghoorchian -
Open Access Article
81 - Different substituted phenyl carbenes / silylenes/ germylenes: a survey of stability
Fereshteh Naderi Rahimeh Bagheri Mohammad Yari -
Open Access Article
82 - Study of Obstacles of Party System Forming in social Development Background and Iran Structure’s Political Culture Between Two Revolutions (Mashroteh to Islamic Revolution)
منوچهر ثابتی منصور وثوقی علیرضا محسنی تبریزیIn a specific sense, the party means a coherent and organized group, a social and political phenomenon, of the signs of civil society and the democratic system of the West, arising from the post-industrial revolution conditions, which has been adapted and imitated by ot MoreIn a specific sense, the party means a coherent and organized group, a social and political phenomenon, of the signs of civil society and the democratic system of the West, arising from the post-industrial revolution conditions, which has been adapted and imitated by other societies such as Iran. Although the constitutional revolution of the political parties was formed in Iran, however, with the advent of the Pahlavi regime, the establishment of democracy and the formation of the party system became a problem. The dominant political culture in the socio-political structure of Iran was the traditional political culture. The Pahlavi feudal discourse paid more attention to developmental, economic, industrial and urban development programs and did not pay attention to political development and parties. Traditional-political culture was the main cause of the emergence of rentier governments, political violence, and imperfect development, the continuation of the monarchy and the cycle of despotism. Together, these factors combined the formation of an interconnected network of continuity of traditional and consequential political culture, and an obstacle to the consolidation of democracy and the institutionalization of party activities and the formation of a party system in Iran. This research has been carried out using the Almond and Verbae and Huntington theories in a historical-documentary way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The comparison of State, Society and Development of Qajar Iran and Meiji Japan
saaid hajinaseri محمد حسن جباریAbstractThis article seeks to identify the causes of underdevelopment of Qajar Iran in compared to the development of Meiji Japan in the 19th century due to the position of state and society in the two countries. Japan and Iran in the 19th century had somewhat similar c MoreAbstractThis article seeks to identify the causes of underdevelopment of Qajar Iran in compared to the development of Meiji Japan in the 19th century due to the position of state and society in the two countries. Japan and Iran in the 19th century had somewhat similar conditions to feudalism in Japan and Tribal kings in Iran. Such a society, in the view of the bureaucratic elites of the two countries, undermined the possibility of Western development and progress to counter the imposition of political and trade contracts by Western states. The bureaucratic elites knew the cause of the superiority of the Western powers in the lack of a strong state, and sought to increase the power of the central state. The bureaucratic elites of Japan succeeded in this, but the bureaucratic elites in Iran did not succeed. What factors contributed to Japan's success in development and Iran's failure in development should be sought in the behavior of social forces, in other words, social organizations in relation to bureaucratic elites. A strong state in Japan was formed with the general consensus of social forces and facilitated development, but in Iran the network society continued and hindered development due to the resistance of social forces in establishing a strong state.The research method is historical-comparative. Using this method and theory of state and society, Jules Migdal will be compared the state, society and development of Qajar Iran and Meiji Japan in according to the texts and researches done by researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Sociological analysis of economic resilience of insurance funds with emphasis on Delphi method
Ebrahim Sadeghifar Hosahng Zahiri Ahmad MeydariEconomic resilience is the ability to withstand economic impulses in the face of sudden risks. Insurance funds are one of the main components of society's resistance at the macro and micro levels. "Sustainable insurance" is considered one of the most important pillars o MoreEconomic resilience is the ability to withstand economic impulses in the face of sudden risks. Insurance funds are one of the main components of society's resistance at the macro and micro levels. "Sustainable insurance" is considered one of the most important pillars of the social security system in achieving development goals, including sustainable economic growth and social support. The aim of the research is sociological analysis of the concept, dimensions and indicators of economic resilience of insurance funds. The qualitative method was conducted using Delphi interviews. 12 interviews were conducted with "purposive" sampling method. The sample size was based on theoretical saturation. The findings of the research showed that Iran's economy is a combination of 2 neoliberal economic approaches and the welfare state. Resilience indicators of insurance funds include sustainability, redundancy, tact, reaction to risk, recovery. Among the components related to the economic resilience index, the component of redundancy and revivability has been of special importance. Insurance funds are severely challenged in the three characteristics of sustainability, adequacy of benefits and quality of governance. The status of the indicators related to these three characteristics has caused the "resilience" of the funds to become a serious risk. On the one hand, pension funds in Iran are facing investment restrictions because they are not connected to global financial markets, and on the other hand, they are facing political imposition in the management of their economic units. These two features distinguish them from their peers in the field of investment. The economic resilience of insurance funds is affected by the resistance economy, and this issue is a clear distinction from other countries. It can be said that the current situation of resilience of insurance funds is not so favorable. As a result, it can be stated that regarding the social security organization, resilience can be measured with actuarial calculations and based on this, by introducing different shocks to the organization, its financial consequences can be evaluated. Without considering these calculations and taking into account key indicators such as support ratio, capital return rate, available resources and the government's financial situation, it seems that the social security fund should also be described as a fragile fund. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Network Politics Approach: Extension of Social Capital Notion to State Analysis
Mehrdad Navabakhsh Saeed Attar Seyed Rahim Aboul hasani -
Open Access Article
86 - The Realms, Dimensions and Essence of Mystical Experience
على موحدیان عطارThis paper is an attempt to provide a clearer and deeper view ofmystical experience. First, it catches a glimpse of this concept fromabove and finds it possessed of different instances, realms, anddimensions. It then delimits the subject to the common applicationof this MoreThis paper is an attempt to provide a clearer and deeper view ofmystical experience. First, it catches a glimpse of this concept fromabove and finds it possessed of different instances, realms, anddimensions. It then delimits the subject to the common applicationof this concept in order to examine the four-fold dimensions of thisstate of disclosure, that is, the epistemic, epistemological,subjective, and emotional dimensions.Giving a brief survey of the descriptions of this state by some wellknownresearchers in this field such as James, Underhill, Suzuki,Stace, and Otto, the writer tries to show that the four features ofmystical experience, that is, epistemicity, intuitivity, subjectivity,and love-centeredness are together qualified as the essence of thisexperience due to their foundationality and universality.Employing a phenomenological approach, the writer tries to provethat the quintessence of middle-path mystical experience consists inthe immediate and direct knowledge of Reality( reality stripped ofall modes), while in the final step of mystical experience, it is thedirect and immediate knowledge of the unitary reality of being(Absolute Reality).The article has dealt with mystical experience from aphenomenological point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Concept, Statement and Judgment
Muhammad Taghī Fa'aliThe first classification of propositional Knowledge to which isdedicated a great Part of writings of the Scholars of logic, Kalam andphilosophy is Tassawur Tasdīq and Hukm.The article tries to discuss these three aspects of propositionalKnowledge, i. e. Concept (Tas MoreThe first classification of propositional Knowledge to which isdedicated a great Part of writings of the Scholars of logic, Kalam andphilosophy is Tassawur Tasdīq and Hukm.The article tries to discuss these three aspects of propositionalKnowledge, i. e. Concept (Tassawur), Statement (Tasdīq) andJudgment (Hudm) and that The best definition of Tassawur belougs toIbn Sina (Avicenna). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Avistotle, Ibn-Sina, and Spinoza on “Substance”: A Comparative Study
مهدی اسعدی سید مرتضی طباطباییAristotle and Spinoza are two stream making Philosophers in thehistory of philosophy, and both has chosen the matter of substance astheir philosophical subject. The root of many disputes on a huge part ofwest philosophy can be obtained through comparing the characterist MoreAristotle and Spinoza are two stream making Philosophers in thehistory of philosophy, and both has chosen the matter of substance astheir philosophical subject. The root of many disputes on a huge part ofwest philosophy can be obtained through comparing the characteristicsof the sub from their point of view. This is notable that thesephilosophers has some similarities in defining the substance, but theyget far from each other in defining the characteristics and instances ofsubstance. The article's first step to examining Aristotle's viewpoint intwo books of Arganon and Metaphysics, and analayzing Spinoza,stheory in book of Ethics. However, looking toward the meaning ofsubstance in the Avecina's custom context and expression, and hisinnovation can also help for better understanding of substance throughMashaism's views. The researchers scale for analyzing has been theamount of consistency of substance definition with the other parts ofphilosophical system. With examining the following the conclusionwould be that Spinoza's definition bears more logical stability andprovides a more solid system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - investingating the impect of Americas middle east policy in trump era on the process and structure of alliance and coalitions in the middle East
shahriar bayanThe historical review of the events and trends of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East from the past to the present shows that the duration of friendships and enmities in this region has never been so short; Therefore, the Middle East has entered a "new era MoreThe historical review of the events and trends of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East from the past to the present shows that the duration of friendships and enmities in this region has never been so short; Therefore, the Middle East has entered a "new era of uncertainty"; An era in which minimum cooperation and alliance and closeness of interests of countries are observed. In this regard, regional powers have contributed more than other regional actors in the formation of this rule and influenced the US policy process. In this regard, its main goal is to theoretically analyze the nature of the changing process of this alliance and regional coalitions (especially during Trump's presidency); And by raising the main question, what is the impact of America's Middle East policy in the Trump era on the process and structure of alliances and coalitions in the East? Trump's Middle East policy is influenced by the grand strategies of American foreign policy, which was based on the motto "America first", the process and structure of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East based on strengthening the alliance between Arabs and Israel, and intensifying political conflicts and competitions between Arabs and Iran. , preventing the implementation and expansion of Ottomanism in the Middle East and the formation of a regional coalition around the soft power of the United States changed; In this regard, the research in its study process collects the necessary data, examines and analyzes the relationships of the said data, so that its theoretical, strategic and operational nature is more tangible by presenting suggestions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - The Role of Industrial Location on Locating of Industrialists in Industrial Estates (The Case of East Azerbaijan/I.R.Iran)
فیروز Jamali کریم Hosseinzadeh بهزاد EntezariOne of excitement classical problems in Geography and Regional Planning, in whichboth geographers and economists participated, is “Industrial Location”. On the otherhand “Industrial Estates” are one of results of regional planning which aimed tor MoreOne of excitement classical problems in Geography and Regional Planning, in whichboth geographers and economists participated, is “Industrial Location”. On the otherhand “Industrial Estates” are one of results of regional planning which aimed toredirect mainly polluted industries to agglomerated, industrial zones out of living andrecreational environments. Despite of the benefits of industrial estates, statistics showthat in East Azerbaijan province (Iran), industrialists have little inclination to locate inthese estates.This paper assumes that irrational location of these estates is one of the mostimportant factors for reluctance of industrialists for locating in them.The results of the research show that:1. Unlike developed industrial economies, the process of emerging industrial estatesin Iran was an external, imposed one; so the nation could not benefit its results.2. The location of industrial estates in East-Azerbaijan province has been a residual ofother land uses, caused to prevent industrialists to locate in them.Location itself is a parameter in industrialization process and unsuitable location ofindustrial estates can be a factor for reluctance of industrialists to locate in them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Nature of the holes in the state in Iran
Zahra pishgahifard Nasser Rezaei Emran AlizadeSecurity is taken account as one of the most essential factors for duration ofsovereignty. Some phenomena challenge stare sovereignty through geographicalcontext as both partially and broadly. Different form conventional challenging factors,so- called sectionalism or di MoreSecurity is taken account as one of the most essential factors for duration ofsovereignty. Some phenomena challenge stare sovereignty through geographicalcontext as both partially and broadly. Different form conventional challenging factors,so- called sectionalism or divergence, this new phenomenon include mostly marginalregions of the state; where territory of the state can be vertically and horizontallyrecognized and called as holes in the state.Although historically displeased form regional divergence, however, Iran territoryhas been encountered with partial problem and phenomena inside the country.Previously, because of extensive nature such phenomena or holes in the state has beenincreased and is warming more than regional divergence.In addition to recognize various kinds of holes in the state and definable variablesfor holes in the state in Iran territory that is those challenging phenomena spreading asorganized threatening for social cultural, economical as well as political aspects ofsovereignty, through this dissertation it is aim to recognize and estimate effectivenessof holes in the state and kinds of extension through various provinces based onquantitative methods and content analysis.Form findings of the study it can be indicated that the most effective and the mostextensive holes in the state in case of Iranian territory can be recognized in kind ofcultural, social and economical, respectively.Moreover, it can be distinguished that many cases of these phenomena spread frommarginal to central regions; having increasing effect and extension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Approach to Rural Economic Developments, Case Study: Villages of Quebec State of Canada
سید حسن MotieiVillagers in Quebec State of Canada are developing in accordance with worldwidechanges, especially in rural economy. The results of author's studies in rural regions ofthis state have shown that three factors are of special importance for differentiatingrural regions, w MoreVillagers in Quebec State of Canada are developing in accordance with worldwidechanges, especially in rural economy. The results of author's studies in rural regions ofthis state have shown that three factors are of special importance for differentiatingrural regions, which are population, activities and economic income. In addition, deepchanges in all bio- structures of the state which have appeared in the recent years havecaused a big difference between rural areas of this state and those of other countries.These changes consist of consuming model, structuralization of house, education,health service, planning for free times and the existing values. The great trend towardmodernism in Quebec State has caused basic and structural changes in rural areas.Most of these changes are because of developing new backgrounds in current ruraleconomic activities and the rise productive potential and economic benefits in theseregions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Globalization: Futuer of Territory & National Personality
حیدر LOTFI ناصر EGHBALIGlobalization can be investigated from different dimensions. In this sense, one of the discussions which should be paid attention to is the connection between globalization and the conception of land and identity. The term “identity” which is always accompan MoreGlobalization can be investigated from different dimensions. In this sense, one of the discussions which should be paid attention to is the connection between globalization and the conception of land and identity. The term “identity” which is always accompanied by holiness and native and ethnic values, is under an inevitable influence of globalization. This article is an attempt to investigate the main elements of globalization and its main viewpoints. The present article focuses on the fact that national identities will not be disappeared under the influence of globalization but will be present in formal and informal fields in new and more developed forms in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The Evaluating of the Influence of Industrial Settelment of Shams Abad on the Development of Hasan Abad city
mansoreh tarverdi Parvaneh Zivyar bahman kargarIntroduction & Objective: development of the industrial settlements with the aim of encouraging the industrial sector and with considering the politician related to population density and benetifical usage of natural resources and preventing of non-justified of indu MoreIntroduction & Objective: development of the industrial settlements with the aim of encouraging the industrial sector and with considering the politician related to population density and benetifical usage of natural resources and preventing of non-justified of industrial density in the cities and accompanying the industrial development with environment protection and control of industrial pollutants are internationally recognized. Method: The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the industrial settlements in the development of cities in different aspects. This research is an applied research regards to the goal aspect and is a description research regards to the method. In this research, we used Cronbach's alpha in spss for validity. This statistic was about 0.736 for economical, 0.731 for social , 0.792 for environmental, 0.750 for physical and 0.855 for management indices. The reliability of the research 's questions was reviewed using experts opinion. Findings: the results from structure equation showed the two indices of "development of Employee" and "increasing migration" in social aspect, “decreasing agriculture “and “increasing air pollution” in environmental aspect, the “physical development of cities” and “improvement in low income residential situation” in physical aspects, and “creation new business” and “improvement of citizen’s income” in economical aspect, and "manager of cities a and dispersed urban management in the comprehensive plan" and "an influence of industrial cities in development of national plan in Hasan Abad" in management aspect, had the highest and lowest correlation respectively. The results of Chi-Square showed that there is a positive and significant correlation for all the aspect of management, physical, social and environmental in Hasan Abad and Shams Abad industrial settlements. Conclusion: improvement and development of Shams Abad Industrial settlements can be effected in different aspects of economical, physical and management of Hassan Abad City and this needs coherent and integrated management capabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Analytical Evaluation of the Gap between Current State of Succession Planning System and the Expected one in Municipality of Mashhad
Omid Ali Kharazmi Fateme Beigi Nasrabadi Leila JohariPurpose: Succession planning is a process to ensure sustaining and developing intellectual and knowledge capital for the future and encourage people for promotion. This research aims to evaluate the current state of succession planning system and compare it with the exp MorePurpose: Succession planning is a process to ensure sustaining and developing intellectual and knowledge capital for the future and encourage people for promotion. This research aims to evaluate the current state of succession planning system and compare it with the expected situation in the municipality of Mashhad and analysis of the gap between them. Research method: The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the quantitative method, Research population was all employees in central Municipality of Mashhad. A total of 278 questionnaires were distributed randomly among them. Paired sample T-test is used in order to examine the gap between the current states and desired one. In the qualitative method, the saturated theory was applied and 6 people including managers and experts related to HRM department were interviewed. Findings: Results of the mean comparison tests showed that there is a gap between the scores of the current situation and the expected one, and results of the interviews confirmed this finding. The main reasons for the gap could be listed as: "The lack of senior management commitment", "Running challenges due to the large size of organization", "Failure to adhere to managerial principles and intensification of administrative bureaucracy", "Applying personal taste and preference of relation over regulations", "Manager fear of losing position and power", "Unwillingness of coordination of other departments with HRM department". Conclusion: The results of the quantitative research show the current status of succession planning in Mashhad municipality is poor and the gap between the current situation and the ideal situation is confirmed. Qualitative research confirms the results of quantitative research and finds the causes which are approved by theoretical principles of succession planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Mission and Vision Statement of Iran's Agricultural Innovation System
Farisa Irannejad Rankoohi Mehdi Mirdamadi Jamal F.Hosseini Farhad Lashgarara Mohamadreza RezaezapanahThe agricultural innovation system consists of a network of different areas that interact with each other, this relationship is considered the strength of the agricultural innovation system due to the consideration of all actors.The purpose of this article is to express MoreThe agricultural innovation system consists of a network of different areas that interact with each other, this relationship is considered the strength of the agricultural innovation system due to the consideration of all actors.The purpose of this article is to express the mission and vision of Iran's agricultural innovation system. In this study, 19 managers and researchers of the Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization were identified and questioned using the snowball technique with appropriate assignment. Interview data collection tool and structured questionnaire. Finally, using fuzzy Delphi technique, the research findings were analyzed. Mission and Vision of Iran's agricultural innovation system with emphasis on human dignity and the use of efficient human resources to achieve sustainable agricultural development; Ensuring the country's food security; Development of new technologies in the active sectors of agriculture and knowledge-based agriculture with emphasis on empowerment, wealth creation, helping to create productive employment and use of competitive advantage in the production of agricultural products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The Relation of Mystical Journey and the Rejection of Disposition in the Teachings of Ibn ‘Aṭa’ Allah Iskandaranī
Reza Elahi manesh نعیمه Ibrahimi Ib ‘Aṭa’ Allah Iskandaranī is the first Shādhlī mystic who compiled and wrote the teaching of Shādhlī order. These teachings are entirely based on the concept of Rejection of Disposition (isqaṭ tadbīr). For Ibn ‘Aṭa’ the novice, in the ea More Ib ‘Aṭa’ Allah Iskandaranī is the first Shādhlī mystic who compiled and wrote the teaching of Shādhlī order. These teachings are entirely based on the concept of Rejection of Disposition (isqaṭ tadbīr). For Ibn ‘Aṭa’ the novice, in the early stage of his spiritual journey, should reject to make any disposition because God’s will is all-inclusive, so man’s disposition is a hindrance in the path to God. There are nine stations in this path: penance, asceticism, patience, gratitude, fear, hope, cheerful submission, trust in God, compassion. In the seventh station the Rejection of Disposition is more evident than the others. Moreover there are five states: affability, compression, dilation, annihilation, abiding. For Ibn ‘Aṭa’ good deed is the fruit of good state and good state is the fruit of good station. The final phase of spiritual journey is the knowledge of God, which is the fruit of good station, good state and good deed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Mystical Stations and States in the Quotes from Imam Ali in Sufi Literature from the Beginning up to the 11th Century
zahra ebrahimi ابوالفضل MahmoudiSufism has designated the stages and processes involved in the levels of the sufist’s progression under the rubric of Station. In the light of the revered place that Imam Ali (PBUH) holds in Islam, leading texts on Sufism quote the Imam frequently touching these s MoreSufism has designated the stages and processes involved in the levels of the sufist’s progression under the rubric of Station. In the light of the revered place that Imam Ali (PBUH) holds in Islam, leading texts on Sufism quote the Imam frequently touching these stages and levels. Sufists have rightly recognized that some of Imam’s revered remarks are open to a mystic interpretation. Mystics have had access to Imam’s legacy of quotes and remarks through either official sources of quotes or the traditional orally handed ones. The latter source has especially fed into certain meanings and lines that have no precedent even in Shiite sources and texts; it is a remarkable source to get to know the revered Holy Imam. Statistically speaking, the legacy of Imam’s quotes and remarks in all of its coverage of concepts and meanings has provided the one dependable source of reference for concepts to do with Stations and most expressions concerning States. Nevertheless, in view of the sheer number of schools of thought developed in Sufism, the book Al-luma’ fi al-tasawwuf will act as the mainstay and frame of reference in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Church and State from Martin Luther's Perspective
بهروز HaddadiThe relationship between church and state in all religious traditions is an important issue. This is of particularly importance in Protestantism and Martin Luther's thoughts. Luther's doctrine of "two kingdoms" gave religious legitimacy to the government and political p MoreThe relationship between church and state in all religious traditions is an important issue. This is of particularly importance in Protestantism and Martin Luther's thoughts. Luther's doctrine of "two kingdoms" gave religious legitimacy to the government and political power which implied a kind of primacy of the secular power and had some unpleasant practical consequences for Luther himself as much as finally forced him to limit the principle of religious legitimacy of state to secular realm and prevent it from encroaching into the realm of religious authority. However his early teachings were so much appealing to the governments that his subsequent amendment was neglected by them. For example one can claim that the Nazi's trespassing on German Church was a consequence of Luther's early teachings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Evaluation of Healthy Eating Index in Mashhad Central Prison in the year 2008se
Mohammad Safarian Shohreh Eshghi Niloofar Rajaee Mohsen Mazidi Habibollah Esmaeili Ali Babaie Mohsen NematiIntroduction: Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was first developed to assess and monitor nutritional status of Americans by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1989. HEI is one of the scoring systems in nutritional researches. Since prison is an isolated pla MoreIntroduction: Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was first developed to assess and monitor nutritional status of Americans by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1989. HEI is one of the scoring systems in nutritional researches. Since prison is an isolated place and prisoner’s state of health to some degree depends on the food consumed, therefore the nutritional status by this index might have some implementations for the policy makers.Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional study 435 prisoners (48 females and 387 males) were recruited using stratified random sampling method proportional to the ward population. Food intake from different sources in prison was assessed by analysing prison food menu, measuring wasted foods and food bought and provided by prison supermarkets. Results: HEI score in Mashhad Central Prison was 80 percent of the total calculated score.Scores for consumption of fruit, meat and poultry, dairy products and food variety were 0, 4, 9.5 and 9 respectively. Other food groups concerned with vegetable and cereals had scores of 10. Sodium intake representing the salt consumption was not measured.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that eating pattern of prisoners is healthy but steps might be taken to improve the quality of the food consumed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Evaluation of Arachidonic Acid Production by Mortierella alpina in Solid State Fermentation Using Date Waste
seyedeh zeinab asadi hoshamg nikopour kianoush khosravi darani hosein bakhodaIntroduction: Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that plays important roles in human’s health. The species of Mortierella genus are able to produce a wide range of PUFAs and investigations have shown that production of PUFAs e MoreIntroduction: Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that plays important roles in human’s health. The species of Mortierella genus are able to produce a wide range of PUFAs and investigations have shown that production of PUFAs especially ARA is influenced by several factors. Recently, Microbial production of ARA by M. alpina, using solid state fermentation (SSF) has been of great attention.Materials and Methods: ARA production was performed on date waste by Mortierell alpina CBS 528.72 in solid state fermentation (SSF) by Plackett Burman Design (PBD). In order to provide an appropriate source of nitrogen, soybean meal was added. The effect of eleven variables including substrate particle size, initial moisture content and pH of substrate, carbon to nitrogen ratio of substrate, supplementation of soybean and linseed oil (LSO), inoculation age, incubation temperature and time, heating pre-treatment time and supplementation of the nitrogen on the fourth day, were investigated.Results: In the range of studied variables in this research, substrate initial moisture content of 70-75%, addition of 10 % (w.w-1) LSO, substrate particle size of 1.2-1.7 mm and addition of 4 % (w.w-1) nitrogen supplementations and inoculum age of 96 h, had significant effect on the increasing production of ARA. Maximum amount of arachidonic acid produced in this study was 4.66 mg.g-1 dry fermented substrate.Conclusion: By modifing the substrate and considering the above mentioned factors, a single cell oil with maximum amount of ARA by M. alpina can be abtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Evaluation of Cr and Ni Concentrations in the Soil Samples Collected from Near the Arak III Industrial Estate
Seyed Amir Ahmadi Soheil SobhanardakaniBackground and Objective: Spatial distribution of contaminants is essential for soil pollution monitoring and maintaining environmental quality. Therefore this study was carried out for evaluation of Cr and Ni concentrations in soil samples collected from around the Ara MoreBackground and Objective: Spatial distribution of contaminants is essential for soil pollution monitoring and maintaining environmental quality. Therefore this study was carried out for evaluation of Cr and Ni concentrations in soil samples collected from around the Arak III Industrial Estate in 2013 and preparing the zoning map of metals. Method: After selecting 10 sampling stations within a radius of 5 km from the industrial estate, a total of 20 soil samples were collected from topsoils and subsoils. Then some physical and chemical properties of soil were determined. For determination of heavy metals concentration in soil samples, using ICP-OES (Varian, 710-ES, Australia) when soil digestion was complete. All statistical analyses were done by SPSS software, version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., USA). Also, the spatial distribution maps of elements in soil samples were prepared using IDW method. Findings: The results showed that maximum mean concentration of Cr in topsoils and subsoils samples were found in sampling station II with 15.50±1.97 and 13.00±1.65 mg/kg, respectively, and maximum mean concentration of Ni in topsoils and subsoils samples were found in sampling stations IX and II with 19.25±1.90 and 18.50±2.02 mg/kg, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Comparative evaluation of Cr and Ni contents in different studied soil samples showed that the mean concentrations of Cr and Ni in all topsoils and subsoils due to implementation of environmental management of industrial units in Arak III Industrial Estate and minimal use of agricultural inputs such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides were significantly lower than WHO permissible limits for soil contamination Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - The Environmental Duties of States in Space Tourism
soheyla koosha Mojtaba Ansarian Maryam DehghaniNowadays we are confronting with development of different kinds of space activities, the increase of space debris and pollution of the environment of outer space and the Earth due to space tourism. The other thing is that with the increase of the human intentions to spa MoreNowadays we are confronting with development of different kinds of space activities, the increase of space debris and pollution of the environment of outer space and the Earth due to space tourism. The other thing is that with the increase of the human intentions to space tourism, we can confront with more pollution of outer space. Therefore, studying the environmental duties and responsibilities of states who are the executer of space tourism is inevitable. Not with standing that outer space treaty and liability convention establishing comprehensive and acceptable rules for identification of states international duties, but there are some ambiguous points about protecting the environment of space. As these documents did not develop or revised with the development of this technology during these years specially the environmental pollution of space activities and space tourism. This article by using the descriptive- analytical method of research is about to answer this question that what is the environmental duties of states for safeguarding of space tourism? The aim of this article is giving some legal solution for prevention of the Earth and outer space pollution by quoting responsibilities of states with respect to space tourism and preventing from committing the environmental crimes thereof. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - International Responsibility of the Sponsoring State for Exploitation of the Area Resources in Light of the Requirements of International Environmental Law
Javad Salehi Hossein AlekajbafThe obligations of the Sponsoring State are subject to liability arising from the requirements of international environmental law. The obligations of the Sponsoring State in protecting the environment of the area are of an appropriate nature, assessment, precaution, pre MoreThe obligations of the Sponsoring State are subject to liability arising from the requirements of international environmental law. The obligations of the Sponsoring State in protecting the environment of the area are of an appropriate nature, assessment, precaution, prevention, control and compensation. However, if the Sponsoring State has taken all necessary and appropriate measures to the best of its ability to bind the sponsored contractor, it will not be liable for damages resulting from the contractor's activities. This situation means that the damages resulting from the contractor's activity to exploit the resources of the area are not compensated. However, the international community should not, in any case, suffer the damage caused by the contractor's activities to the marine environment. Undoubtedly, the inability of the Sponsoring State to control and oblige the contractor to fully comply with international standards in the exploration and extraction of marine resources should not be taken into account by the international community. It is imperative that the Sponsoring State be absolutely responsible for the damages caused by the contractor. If the damage is due to the fault of the contractor, the Sponsoring State shall compensate it and then deduct it from the contractor's bail. If the damage caused by the negligence of the Sponsoring State, it should compensate the same damage so that in any case the damage to the marine environment is not left unattended and the damage is not inflicted on the international community body. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Study on the Application of Wastewater Treatment of Abadan Industrial Estate for Stabilizing Ponds
Iran Baraee Mahdi Farzadkia Nematollah Jafarzadeh Mansour MohammadiThe stabilizing ponds are more effective systems for treating wastewater whit high organic andhydraulic loading. Therefore, those are most popular methods for municipal and many ofindustries of wastewater treatment .The main objective of this study was investigating the MoreThe stabilizing ponds are more effective systems for treating wastewater whit high organic andhydraulic loading. Therefore, those are most popular methods for municipal and many ofindustries of wastewater treatment .The main objective of this study was investigating theefficiency of Abadan industrial estate wastewater treatment plant by stabilizing ponds . Module 1of phase 1 was done in Abadan wastewater treatment plant.In this study, the efficiency of Abadan wastewater treatment plant was studied over ten monthsfrom February 2004 to December 2005 . The general conditions and operation of the plant wereconsidered and wastewater treatment indexes such as pH , COD , BOD5 , TSS , Total coliformand fecal coliform in influent and effluent were determined.The removal efficiency of pollutants had highest rate in July. The average amounts of COD , BOD ,TSS , total and fecal coliform and helminthes ova in effluent in July were 805 mg/l ,440 mg/l ,30mg/l,9/2×105 MPN/100ml 6/1×105MPN/100ml ,22 ova/l respectively.These results showed that the amounts of these parameters (exception of the TSS) had significantdifference with the standard limits recommended by Iran Department of Environment (DOE) forirrigation or discharged to surface water. For sanitary disposal and to reuse this effluent theoptimization of exiting system must be noted Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Study of organic matter of loading on the application of wastewater treatment of water refinery of Sewerage of Abadan industrial estate
Iran Baraee Mahdi Farzadkia Nematollah JafarzadehThe stabilization ponds are more effective systems for treating of the wastewater whit high organic and hydraulic loading shocks. Therefore, those are most popular methods for municipal and many of industrial wastewater treatment. Module 1 of phase 1 has been done in Ab MoreThe stabilization ponds are more effective systems for treating of the wastewater whit high organic and hydraulic loading shocks. Therefore, those are most popular methods for municipal and many of industrial wastewater treatment. Module 1 of phase 1 has been done in Abadan wastewater treatment plant. The main objective of this study was investigation of the organic matter of loading on the application of wastewater treatment of Abadan industrial estate. In this study, The efficiency of Abadan wastewater treatment plant was studied over ten months from February 2004 to December 2005 . The general conditions and operation of the plant were considered and wastewater treatment indexes such as pH , COD , BOD5 , TSS , Total coli form and fecal coli form and helminthes ova in influent and effluent and loading of organic matter level were determined. The maximum removal efficiency of pollutants was in July. The average amounts of COD , BOD5 , TSS , total and fecal coli form and helminthes ova in effluent in July were 805 mg/l ,440 mg/l , 30mg/l,9/2×105 MPN/100ml 6/1×105MPN/100ml ,22 ova/l respectively. so, maximum and minimum volume loading level in the anaerobic ponds 694.6 &384.1 g BOD5/m3.d and maximum and minimum surface loading level in the facultative ponds 554 & 272.06 kg BOD5/ha. d were determined. These results showed that the amounts of these parameters (exception of the TSS) had significant difference with the standard limits recommended by Iran Department of Environment (DOE) for irrigation or discharged to surface water and recycling water for agricultural re-use. In this section, problems and proposals have been presented. For sanitary disposal and reuse of this effluent the optimization of existing system must be noted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Cumulative Environmental Effects Assessment of Nazar Abad County's Industrial Estates - Iran
Azadeh Dabiri Masoud Monavari ُSeyeid Mahmood Shariat Parvin FarshchiAbstractCumulative effects assessment of development on environment studies the kind of impacts of projectsthat were ignored in environmental assessment directly. CEA, as an act, is a method to distinguish thispoint. Although some separate actions may individually do no MoreAbstractCumulative effects assessment of development on environment studies the kind of impacts of projectsthat were ignored in environmental assessment directly. CEA, as an act, is a method to distinguish thispoint. Although some separate actions may individually do not have a significant impact, but whenthey are combined the impacts may be significant.Industrial estate of Sepehr is located in geographical position of 50° 35' eastern longitude and 35° 58'northern latitude of Nazar Abad County. Close to this industrial estate, there is industrial estate ofNazar Abad, which is under construction. The area of this industrial estate is 194 hectares. At firstenvironmental conditions of Nazar Abad County and in possible cases the locations of industrialestates were described. Then prediction and assessment of impacts which accrued from constructionand operation of industrial estates on surrounded environment to borderlines of pointed County wereinvestigated.For cumulative environmental effects assessment the Monavari Method (2001) was used and 2alternatives, "No action alternative" and "with project alternative" were considered. In "No actionalternative", just environmental impacts which occurred by development activities with assumption ofnot implementing Nazar Abad industrial estate project and in "with project alternative" cumulativeimpacts which were accrued by activities of Nazar Abad and Sepehr industrial estate projects wereinvestigated.Result of weighting indicated that "No action alternative", 139 positive impacts and 120 negativeimpacts and in "with project option" 216 positive impacts and 143 negative impacts will affect theenvironment. In "No action alternative", algebraic summation of averages score impacts inconstruction and operational phases were -1.78 and in "with action alternative" average score impacts+2.04 were achieved. "With action alternative" in the proposal site was considered as the bestalternative, but project implementation is upon a condition that obeys the proposals for decreasing thenegative environmental effects seriously and impacts and implements the management programs,monitoring and environmental education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Investigation on Environmental Impacts of Hamedan Jafari Steel Industrial Estate in Constructional Phase by Using of Analytical Hierarchy Process Method
Seyed Ali Jozi Sahar RezaianIntroduction: This Study was conducted from 21 December 2012 to 20 December 2013 with purpose of investigating the Environmental Implications of the Foolad Jafari industrial Estate within the Construction process. The Construction Project of Foolad Jafari industrial are MoreIntroduction: This Study was conducted from 21 December 2012 to 20 December 2013 with purpose of investigating the Environmental Implications of the Foolad Jafari industrial Estate within the Construction process. The Construction Project of Foolad Jafari industrial area pursues the Goal of producing spongy Iron and Steel in the Mountaneous zone in middle Komazan which is a part of Malayer. This industrial Estate Measures 96/8 hec. Material and Methods: In this study we first identified the current status of environment considering physicochemical, biological and socioeconomic and cultural environment. To do so, we specified the depth and the area under investigation and then we took samples of air, soil and water. The study of environmental impacts from this structural phase on biological environment was also carried out till 13/25 km from R1 in fact till Lashgardar conservative area. The recognition of the economical, social and cultural features as well as the expert visit of the economical and social traits of the project was done on the basis of the result of the primary census on November of 2006. To conform to the suggestive land-use to physical and ecological capability of environment we had studied the evaluation of ecological capability via systematic Method and also we used Multi Criteria Model for Evaluation of Ecological Iran's Capability by Arc GIS on the Scale of 1/10000. To reach the Industrial development the results of this study showed that: 8/6 percent of this area has the first rank's capability (very suitable), about 75 percent of R1 has the second rank capability (Appropriate) and about 16/4 percent has third rank capability (UN Appropriate). Results and Discussion: The Study of Foolad Jafari Industrial Estate Environmental impacts were done via AHP Method. At first we prioritized the most important pollutants based on the state of environment and also we prioritized the impacts of Structural process on each parameter to determine the priority of structural phase's environmental effects. During the execution of the project we classified the measured pollutants which exceed the standard level on the basis of two main criteria: The effect on Natural Environment and Health and Security. In the following stages we prioritized parameters and based on Hierarchical Method. In this study we used the method via using expert choice software to weigh and prioritize the environmental factors. The results of this study had shown two points: The negative effect on natural environment with 0/750 weight in comparison with negative effect on built environment with 0/250 weight is more important in determining the significant impact of Foolad Jafari industrial Estate Stability. Considering the distance from crowd centers with site place, we can neglect the impacts from gaseous pollutants and Noise pollutant Emissions on native people's health. However the Effect on Natural Environment is more important in Comparison with built Environment. In the Natural Environment the Effect on Physicochemical Environment with 0/667 Weight has higher value in comparison with Biological Environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Investigation of Valasht Lake Trophic State Based on TSI Index
Fatemeh Vahidi Rezvan Mousavi Nodushan Seyed Mohammadreza Fatemi Shahla Jamili Nahid Kham KhajiBackground and Objective: In the present study, trophic state of Valasht Lake was investigated monthly at 3 stations, from December 2008 to December 2009. The purpose of this study is investigating the trophic state of the lake and introducing the basic solutions to mai MoreBackground and Objective: In the present study, trophic state of Valasht Lake was investigated monthly at 3 stations, from December 2008 to December 2009. The purpose of this study is investigating the trophic state of the lake and introducing the basic solutions to maintain this valuable ecological resource. Method: Trophic state index (TSI) was used in this study. Also, the effective parameters on primary production and trophic state determined in this study include: total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), a-chlorophyll, Secchi depth (SD), and TN/TP ratio.The results from all mentioned parameters were compared with different trophic levels of fresh water lakes published by U.S Environmental Protection Agency and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. According to trophic state index and based on nutrient levels (phosphor and nitrogen), Valasht lake is classified in Mesotrophic to Eutrophic state and based on the other mentioned parameters, it is classified in mesotrophic state. Results: Mean rate of trophic state index reveals the mesotrophic state in this lake. According to the results of Red Field ratio and TSI, nitrogen and turbidity, especially in wet (rainy) seasons, are the main determinative parameters in primary production in Valasht Lake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Investigation of the Factors Affecting the Degradation of Expired Herbicides Stockpiles of Agricultural Supportive Services Company
Elham Shahinfar Ahmad Heidari Mohammad Reza Damavandian Babak Heidari AlizadehBackground and Objective: Expired pesticides are a major problem in many countries. Thus, we need to know the effective factors in pesticides degradation to prevent environmental damage of them. In many cases restructuring or demolition costs of the expired pesticides a MoreBackground and Objective: Expired pesticides are a major problem in many countries. Thus, we need to know the effective factors in pesticides degradation to prevent environmental damage of them. In many cases restructuring or demolition costs of the expired pesticides are more than their primary production. Method: This study investigated the possibility of applying the expired pesticides stockpiles of agricultural supportive services company. Quality control tests were performed according to the FAO, CIPAC and pesticide manufacturers' guidelines. Results: The results were classified based on the different groups of pesticides, physical state of herbicides formulation, producing companies, date of production and location of warehouses. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square test, in case of significance. The risk test was performed to determine the relative risk for the variables using SPSS-18 software. Conclusion: Result showed a significant correlation between the time lagged after production of herbicides and degradation percentage of herbicides. The degradation percent of expired insecticides was highest and that of expiered herbicides and fungicides was at the second and third rank, respectively. The degradation percent of the expired herbicides formulated in the country was 52% and that of the expired herbicides formulated in India/China was 67%. The results show that 55% of the herbicides with liquid formulation and 26% of the herbicides with solid formulation were degraded. Considering the degradation rate of herbicides, there is no statistically significant difference between the warehouses at 4 climatic regions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Applying Rough Developed theoretical Models (ERST), Interpretation-Structural Analysis (ISM) and Decision Tree (CART) for Help Auditors to Identify Fraud in the Financial Statements of Companies Listed on the Stock Exchange of Iran
Davood Hasanpoor hasan valiyan mehdi safari griyly Reza TahmasbizadehThe Purpose of this Research is Rough Set Theory Developed Using Model (ERST) to Assist Auditors to Identify Fraud in the Financial Statements of Iranian Companies Listed on Stock Exchange. The method of this combined research is based on the adaptation of theoretical f MoreThe Purpose of this Research is Rough Set Theory Developed Using Model (ERST) to Assist Auditors to Identify Fraud in the Financial Statements of Iranian Companies Listed on Stock Exchange. The method of this combined research is based on the adaptation of theoretical foundations through the critical evaluation method to identify the characteristics and criteria of fraud in the financial statements (x) and the characteristics of committing fraud through them (y) and based on the decision tree (CART) and the developed Rough Theory Model (ERST) are seeking to determine the most effective criteria for fraud and how it can be applied in financial statements. The statistical population of the study consisted of 12 expert auditors selected through targeted and homogeneous sampling. In this study 18 indicators were identified as criteria for fraud and 5 attributes as ways of committing fraud. The results of this study showed that, based on the result of the management decision tree (CART) as the most important indicator of fraud, according to the developed Rough Theory Model (ERST), accounts receivable are considered as the most important feature of fraudulent behavior. Accordingly, in the conclusion of this research, for determining the fraud in the financial statements, we can use two indicators of low inventory sale (X12) and high management ownership (X17) based on changes in accounts receivable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Investigating the behavior of individual investors after the release of financial statements
Davoud gorjizadehbaee Mohammad hamed khan mohammadiAbstractOne of the main sources of information for investors to make investment decisions is the information contained in the financial statements published by companies. Public disclosure of financial statements in the form of different information channels, generates MoreAbstractOne of the main sources of information for investors to make investment decisions is the information contained in the financial statements published by companies. Public disclosure of financial statements in the form of different information channels, generates thoughtful reactions among investors. Audited financial statements convey the auditor's view of the feasibility and reliability of financial statements to users of financial statements, which is a useful tool in the decision making process.The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral response of individual investors after the publication of annual audited financial statements. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, field survey method and descriptive survey method. Data were analyzed using a standard questionnaire. The statistical population of this research is all real investors of Tehran Stock Exchange, of whom 403 were selected by simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by spss22 and Lisrel 8.50 software using structural equation method.The results of the data analysis show that the release of financial statements (good or bad news) has a significant effect on the behavior of individual investors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Financial Statement Comparability and Cash Holdings
mehdi safari gerayli (Ph.d) Yasser Rezaei pitenoei (Ph.d)The present study is attempts investigate the impact of financial statement comparability on corporate financial cash holdings. To this end, three various proxies based on DeFranco et al’s (2011) were employed to evaluate financial statement comparability, and Ozc MoreThe present study is attempts investigate the impact of financial statement comparability on corporate financial cash holdings. To this end, three various proxies based on DeFranco et al’s (2011) were employed to evaluate financial statement comparability, and Ozcan & Ozcan’s (2004) model was also used to measure cash holdings. The research hypothesis was also developed based on the data collected form a sample of 82 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2013-2017, and then tested using multivariate regression model based on panel data. The results indicate that financial statement comparability reduces the level of corporate cash holdings. This finding means that, financial statement comparability can mitigate uncertainty and facilitate the monitoring of the evaluation of the managerial performance through attenuating acquisition costs and enhancing the quality and quantity of the information available to investors. Accordingly, firms with comparable financial statements confront with less external financing costs and restrictions, thereby less likely to hold cash. Moreover, these results are robust and are not sensitive with respect to alternative measure of cash holdings and individual analysis of the research hypothesis for each year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Trend salience, investor behaviours and momentum profitability
parvaneh khaleghi kasbi MohammadAli AghaeiBased on Momentum investing strategy and unlike labour market hypothesis, achieving a higher profitability comparing to the profitability of the market is possible. Momentum profitability is the resultant of behavioral bias of investors in the market. Based on behaviora MoreBased on Momentum investing strategy and unlike labour market hypothesis, achieving a higher profitability comparing to the profitability of the market is possible. Momentum profitability is the resultant of behavioral bias of investors in the market. Based on behavioral models investors allocate a more possibility to trend saliences and they use trends which are effective in the future stuck price predictions. It is proved in this essay that the limitation on which the investor estimates past trends is dependent on the salience of that trend.To test the hypotheses, a multivariate regression model has been used and the selected sample includes companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange between 2012 and 2016. The results of the research showed that investors are sensitive to the value of the price signal during the formation period and are likely to estimate stocks with an increasing trend. For this reason, it can be argued that the salience momentum strategy acts better than the non- salience momentum strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Design and explanation of stock price forecasting model in the real estate companies's stock in the Tehran Stock Exchange using Stochastic Process
hossein ojaghi Zadaleh Fathi Mehrzad MinouieThe present study has designed and explained the stock price forecasting model using stochastic processes. The statistical population of the study is all companies of the mass real estate industry in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 1390 to 1398. Data were analyzed in Evi MoreThe present study has designed and explained the stock price forecasting model using stochastic processes. The statistical population of the study is all companies of the mass real estate industry in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 1390 to 1398. Data were analyzed in Eviews10 and MATLAB software. Predicting stock price behavior and the whole industry index by autoregressive methods and moving average in terms of random processes showed that the explained pattern can not be used to predict stock price behavior but in some random steps, the forecasting error was negligible. Regarding the forecast of stock price behavior, the last three steps of the process, winter have a significant effect on stock price forecast; But the first step has a significant effect on predicting the behavior of the industry index. In the first steps, the error of predicting the behavior of the industry index is very small and the explained model can be used to predict the behavior of the index in the first months of the year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Study and Resolution of Legal Obstacles for Foreign Investment in Iran’s Real Estate
Ahmad Shams jamshid nourshargh Alireza MosadeghEconomic globalization has resulted in an increased competition between the countries to improve their economic indexes. Analyses performed by prominent economists indicated that foreign investment is one of the most sustainable and reliable resources for the economic i MoreEconomic globalization has resulted in an increased competition between the countries to improve their economic indexes. Analyses performed by prominent economists indicated that foreign investment is one of the most sustainable and reliable resources for the economic infrastructure development and production potential enhancement, which can alleviate the economic problems caused by shortcoming of domestic investment resources. The significant role of Iran’s real estate market in investment stability and preservation of property value that emerged from the socio - economic and legal texture of the country, as well as the considerable population growth that resulted in a profitable real estate investment, have drawn the attention of the foreign investors to Iran’s real estate market. Recent manuscripts have investigated the legal obstacles for foreign investment by individuals and legal entities in Iran’s real estate based upon Islamic Jurisprudence, national security, and legal references, subsequently, verified practical and realistic solutions to the aforementioned predicament. Research Approach:This manuscript is compiled using library and electronic resources, scientific and research manuscripts, and technical papers; the research approach is analytical-descriptive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The effect of cash flow classes on the speed of adjustment of capital structure
atefeh Ghaemian bahram Mohseni Maleki rastaghi iman dadashi Maryam shafiee kakhkiThe capital structure influences various management decisions such as cash maintenance. The capital structure of companies does not necessarily correspond to the structure of the goal. Companies adjust the capital structure by considering adjustment and deviation costs. MoreThe capital structure influences various management decisions such as cash maintenance. The capital structure of companies does not necessarily correspond to the structure of the goal. Companies adjust the capital structure by considering adjustment and deviation costs. The role of liquidity in the dynamic nature of capital structure, especially the speed with which companies adjust their capital structure to the goal, is examined. It seems that a company with higher liquidity will face lower costs associated with issuing new securities and is therefore more inclined to quickly correct any deviations from its optimal leverage ratio from its target ratio. To verify this claim, In this study, 106 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 1384-1398 were examined. Through rolling regression, the effect of each heading of cash flow statement on the adjustment speed in upper and lower lever companies was tested. The results show that the speed of reaching the optimal leverage in companies with low optimal leverage is higher than companies with high optimal leverage. This indicates a lack of attention to future debt capacity in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The results also show that the only cash flow from operations is a moderating factor in the speed of adjustment of the optimal leverage for companies above the optimal leverage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The effect of a coherent presentation model of financial statements on investors' judgment and decisions in comparison with the model presented by the Tehran Stock Exchange and the auditing organization using a quasi-experimental approach
saber sheri Mohammad Hassan Ebrahimi Sarv Olya Qasem Bolo vahid eftekhariThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of changing the pattern of financial statements on the judgment and decision of investors using a quasi-experimental approach. The research hypotheses are based on the theory of cognitive burden and it is expected t MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of changing the pattern of financial statements on the judgment and decision of investors using a quasi-experimental approach. The research hypotheses are based on the theory of cognitive burden and it is expected that changing the pattern of financial statement information by reducing cognitive effort can affect the judgment and decision of investors. To examine this issue, the pattern of financial statement information based on the joint study of the two International Accounting Standards Board and the American Financial Accounting Standards Board at the level of the three basic financial statements has changed and how participants answered research questions based on the new financial statements. It has been compared by the Tehran Stock Exchange and the auditing organization with the model proposed by these two boards. The test takers include people who have accounting and financial experience and have at least a bachelor's degree in accounting or various management orientations. Accordingly, 92 people were selected as the statistical sample of the research. Due to the non-normality of the research data, non-parametric Mann-Whitney test has used. The results of this test show that the cohesive pattern of financial statements has influenced the judgment and decision of investors by reducing cognitive effort Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Providing a Model of the Relationship between the Financial Statements Comparability and Stock Price Crash Risk with Moderating role of the Audit Committee.
Abbas Daryabari Ghodratallah Talebnia Mohammad khodaei Valeh Zaghard faeygh ahmadi Hamidreza VakilifardAbstractComparability is one of the unique qualities of financial information that enhances its usefulness. The ability to compare financial statements as a specific feature of financial reporting quality can reduce managers' motivation to hide negative news. An effecti MoreAbstractComparability is one of the unique qualities of financial information that enhances its usefulness. The ability to compare financial statements as a specific feature of financial reporting quality can reduce managers' motivation to hide negative news. An effective audit committee, on the other hand, limits the opportunistic and biased behavior of managers and delays the identification of profits. Thus, the existence of an effective audit committee can be considered as an effective mechanism to reduce the Stock price crash risk and affect the relationship between the financial statements comparability and Stock price crash risk. Therefore, based on this reasoning, the present study, using the structural equation modeling approach, examines the relationship between financial statements comparability with Stock price crash risk and the moderating effect of the audit committee on this relationship. The statistical sample of the present study consists of 126 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange 2012-2018. The findings show that the financial statements comparability reduces Stock price crash risk. In addition, the results show that the audit committee moderates and exacerbates the negative relationship between the financial statements comparability and Stock price crash risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Investor behavior and bias resulting from of financial restatement
Abolfazl Farshad asgar pakmaram jamal bahri sales Rasoul ABDIRestatement of financial statements is one of the factors that can have a major impact on investors' decisions in financial markets. Re-issuing financial statements can create (emotional and cognitive) stress for investors. Therefore, the main purpose of the present stu MoreRestatement of financial statements is one of the factors that can have a major impact on investors' decisions in financial markets. Re-issuing financial statements can create (emotional and cognitive) stress for investors. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of (psychological, social and spiritual) dimensions of investors on the stresses caused by the Restatement of financial statements. A researcher-made questionnaire in two dimensions of emotional and cognitive stress was used to measure the reversals of financial statements. The statistical population of the present study consisted of 49 investors in the stock market. The data were collected using an online questionnaire designed. The research method is a survey and applied purpose. Smart-PLS software was used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that psychological dimensions did not affect any of the emotional and cognitive stresses caused by the Restatement of financial statements. On the other hand, investors' spiritual dimensions are affected by the emotional stress caused by the Restatement of financial statements, but it is not affected by the cognitive stress caused by the Restatement of financial statements, indicating that investors are emotionally treated and ultimately dimensions. Social impacts on cognitive stress arising from financial restatement but not emotional affect arising from financial restatement . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The Effect of Investment Firms Ownership on Earnings Overstatement: Test of Strategic Alignment and Efficient Monitoring Hypothesis
Faezeh Baharvand Bahman Banimahd Fereidoon OhadiThis study examines the Impact of investment firms ownership on management opportunistic behaviors in earnings overstatement, using the theoretical foundations of strategic alignment hypothesis, in a sample of 96, listed firms in Tehran stock exchange for a period of 8 MoreThis study examines the Impact of investment firms ownership on management opportunistic behaviors in earnings overstatement, using the theoretical foundations of strategic alignment hypothesis, in a sample of 96, listed firms in Tehran stock exchange for a period of 8 years, from 2006 to 2013 that were simple random sampling selected. Data and theoretical foundations collected through library studies and analyzed using correlation method and multiple regression. The study results suggest that there is a significant and positive relationship between earnings overstatement and investment firms ownership. In other words, investment firms as a major shareholder, want to get the benefit of their investee firms. Investee firms managers maximize earnings for responding to its major shareholder too. This is approved in line with the strategic alignment hypothesis. The results also show that earnings overstatement have a significant and positive relationship with the variables of firm size, return on asset ratio and debt ratio. But there is a significant and negative relationship about operating cash flow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The identifying and investigating the factors of not applying inflation Impacts on the financial reporting in Iran
Sadegh Nekooei Mahdi Salehi Yahya kamyabiIn this paper, it has been tried to identify and study the causes of non applying inflation effects on financial reporting in Iran. The current research is a descriptive and Correlational research and through employing questionnaire has offered the required data to rese MoreIn this paper, it has been tried to identify and study the causes of non applying inflation effects on financial reporting in Iran. The current research is a descriptive and Correlational research and through employing questionnaire has offered the required data to researchers. the hypothesis of the paper has been examined using t-test and the data from 128 questionnaires received from statistical population composed of faculty members of public universities , PhD and MSc students of financial management and accounting , the autonomous auditing enterprises and federal Institutions . the research results analysis indicates that the factors of not applying inflation Impacts on the financial reporting in Iran includes: absent of inflation accounting standard, escape of economical firms from financial regulations and laws as consequence of assets reevaluation, not existing requirement by authorized organizations about complementary reporting of financial statements involving inflation influences, inability of administers at benefits recognition and or inflation accounting disadvantages, not believing of administers about inflation accounting performance, increase taxes payable on reevaluation assets, not being coordinated and not being adequate of price levels changing indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Human Development, State and Investment Policies
yasser Roostaei Hosseinabadi A. Akbar Gorji AzandarianiHuman Development is the last revealed theory in the field of economy of development and according to its founders is subject to spontaneous development in four aspects of political, cultural, economic and societal. Freedom of access to economic facilities p MoreHuman Development is the last revealed theory in the field of economy of development and according to its founders is subject to spontaneous development in four aspects of political, cultural, economic and societal. Freedom of access to economic facilities played a vital role in economic development and stable policies in economic fields is a canon of above freedom. To this end, State should do its best to provide the best access of citizens to economic facilities. Privatization is a well-known instrument to this end. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Application of Taylor's Rule in Iran Economy and Policies influence from Real Estate Market
Alireza Erfani Smaeil ShamsiyanThe central bank's behavior towards its four targets is subject that has occupied the minds of many economists. This research tries to find rules governing the monetary policy makers. Then two main goals of stable inflation and growth rate of national products selected. MoreThe central bank's behavior towards its four targets is subject that has occupied the minds of many economists. This research tries to find rules governing the monetary policy makers. Then two main goals of stable inflation and growth rate of national products selected. In the other hands, according to significance of real estate market fluctuations controlling, Central Bank has a great task. Then it has an active role and real estate price growth comes in the model similar Taylor Rule model. Resulting with quarters data 1371:1-1391:4 show that growth rate of national products and it's fluctuations are many important and their coefficients are significant but the others are not. Central Bank can predict those fluctuations and react them, but it's reaction for after two periods is pro-cyclic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Designing an Econometric Innovation Model Based on the Main Dimensions of Strategy in Iranian Governmental Organizations (Case Study: the state organization for registration of deeds and properties)
Hashem Kargar Mohsen GhadamiThe main objective of the present research is to design a indigenous model of innovation economics based on the main dimensions of strategy in Iranian government organizations with the case control of the State Property Registration Organization, which can predict the n MoreThe main objective of the present research is to design a indigenous model of innovation economics based on the main dimensions of strategy in Iranian government organizations with the case control of the State Property Registration Organization, which can predict the needs and changes with this model. In this research, the main dimensions of the strategy are three dimensions (content, conceptual and process) and organizational innovation consisting of seven components. The present study is based on the method of exploratory mix (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population consisted of all 570 individuals (general directors, deputy heads of general director and general manager). The sample was selected by random sampling of 230 members in order to collect data. Data collection was done through previous studies and reviewing documents, deep and semi-structured interviews, and finally the distribution of questionnaires has been used. Data were analyzed using Liserl, PLS and SPSS software and through confirmatory factor analysis. The research findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the main dimensions of the strategy and components of new sources of value, new business models, powerful and knowledgeable customers, supply and demand chain complementarity, and structures based on virtual networks. The components of intellectual and virtual human integrity and the new ownership of capital were not approved by the organization for lack of adequate structural and human infrastructure. Finally, the indigenous model of innovation economy was designed based on the main dimensions of strategy in Iranian government agencies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Examining the chosen model of the United States of America in the face of Iran (confrontationalism and redesigning aggressive realism)
علی باقری زادهThe current research aims to analyze the type of strategic orientation of the United States of America in facing the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially after the Islamic Revolution. The dualism of liberalism and realism, or a policy of mutual punishment and encouragem MoreThe current research aims to analyze the type of strategic orientation of the United States of America in facing the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially after the Islamic Revolution. The dualism of liberalism and realism, or a policy of mutual punishment and encouragement, has been adopted in the face of J.A. Iran. A. Iran. In order to prove the hypothesis of the research, while using the theory of aggressive realism, the behavioral pattern of the United States will be examined. The main findings of the research show that the approach of the United States is of the type of liberalism of "encouragement, encouragement and maximum participation". Or the harmonious model of liberalism and realism is not "positive and negative". Rather, it indicates the continuation and consolidation of the approach of aggressive realism, of the type of acute discursive, geopolitical and geostrategic confrontation in the form of "threat, punishment, sanctions" in the form of "various and complex balancing". So that the conformity and consistency of aggressive realism propositions with the approach of the United States in the acute confrontation with Iran is clear and obvious. The authors conclude that the behavior pattern of the United States is in the fixed form of aggressive realism, without a paradigm shift to liberalism. And it doesn't even have a tendency to shift within the theoretical paradigm of defensive realism. The main goal of America is to turn Iran into an isolated and victimized actor in the field of international politics. They evaluate J.A.Iran in the form of a game with a negative sum. And they always have a pure compliance with the approach of slander and international politics in their agenda. based on strategic rationality and compliance with international law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Solving a Joint Availability-Redundancy Optimization Model with Multistate Components and Metaheuristic Approach
A. H. Borhani Alamdari‎‎‎ M. Sharifiمشکل تخصیص افزونگی (RAP) یکی از مهمترین و کاربردی ترین مسائل در زمینه قابلیت اطمینان است. هدف از این مشکل یافتن پیکربندی مطلوب اجزای سیستم به منظور بهینه سازی قابلیت اطمینان سیستم تحت برخی محدودیت­ها است. در مدل کلاسیک، اجزای مولفه سیستم باینری است، به عنوان مثال، ه Moreمشکل تخصیص افزونگی (RAP) یکی از مهمترین و کاربردی ترین مسائل در زمینه قابلیت اطمینان است. هدف از این مشکل یافتن پیکربندی مطلوب اجزای سیستم به منظور بهینه سازی قابلیت اطمینان سیستم تحت برخی محدودیت­ها است. در مدل کلاسیک، اجزای مولفه سیستم باینری است، به عنوان مثال، هر مولفه آن است که آیا جزء در حال کار است یا هراب شده است. در مطالعات جدید تحقیقاتی، اجزاء به عنوان اجزاء چند حالته در نظر گرفته می شوند، به عنوان مثال، هر جزء می­تواند برخی از حالت­های عملکردی بینابینی از سالم تا خراب را دارا باشد. در این مقاله، ما بر روی مسئله RAP با اجزاء چند حالته کار کرده و نرخ عملکرد اجزاء در هر یک از حالت­های عملکردی با صرف هزینه و انجام فعالیت­های فنی و سازمانی قابل افزایش می­باشد. به دلیل آنکه مسئله تخصیص افزونگی از جمله مسائل سخت می­باشد، ما برای حل مدل ارائه شده از دو الگوریتم فراابتکاری ژنتیک و شبیه سازی تبرید استفاده کرده و همچنین از تابع مولد عمومی برای محاسبه قابلیت اطمینان سیستم استفاده کرده­ایم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Evaluation Environment Site Industrials Estate in Qom Province
Masoud Monavari Ali Akbar DimyadiThere are a number of issues that complicate adopting appropriate policies in relation to industrial development. These issues include an uneven distribution of the population across the country, an accelerated rate of urbanization, and environmental degradation as a re MoreThere are a number of issues that complicate adopting appropriate policies in relation to industrial development. These issues include an uneven distribution of the population across the country, an accelerated rate of urbanization, and environmental degradation as a result of poor site location. An appropriate site location in accordance with industrial principles is a significant step towards improving the environment, nation-wide industrial development and also principled and logical rural and urban growth. This research uses the high capabilities of GIS systems in collecting, analyzing, and managing data. Digital maps and environmental criteria were obtained from executive departments and field trips. Using the Boolean Method at the scale of 1:250,000, the researchers combined the maps that provide limitations to evaluate the environmental implication of industrial estates in Qom Province. In Stage Two, overlaying the maps of the current industrial estates with those maps of the limitations indicated that Shokohiyeh Industrial Estate has no limitation (except the southern part of it). The second phase of 325 hectare was fully covered with the limitation map and the 1000-hectare development plan was located to be in the permissible zone. The current developmental phases of Mahmoodabad Industrial estate are located in the permissible area. Also, the current location of Salafchegan Industrial Estate is sporadically located in the prohibited areas. Given the above research the location of Shokohiyeh and Salafchegan industrial estates is not appropriate. This requires the industrial units to firmly adhere to environmental principles particularly those related to pollutant units in Salafchegan. Although the location of Mahmoodabad Industrial estate appears to be appropriate, it is still very important to supervise the environmental impact of these units in reducing the pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Survey of Lead and Zink Pollution in Surface Soils around the Shokouhieh Industrial Estate
Saeed Malekmohammadi Azita Behbahaninia Maryam FarahaniIn this research, the amount of soil contamination in Shokhoyeh industrial city of Qom province was determined to lead and zinc metals. Using random sampling method, samples of 10 stations in 5 km distance of Shomkhoyeyeh industrial city of Qom were prepared and lead an MoreIn this research, the amount of soil contamination in Shokhoyeh industrial city of Qom province was determined to lead and zinc metals. Using random sampling method, samples of 10 stations in 5 km distance of Shomkhoyeyeh industrial city of Qom were prepared and lead and zinc concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Using ArcGIS, the lead-zinc zoning was determined. The mean concentration of lead and zinc in the soil between the stations that were sampled in the study area was 13.03 and 811.0 mg/kg, respectively. The results showed that, at station 1, the mean concentration of zinc is 60.1 and lead is 98 mg / kg and more than standard, except for station 1, lead and zinc levels at other stations were lower than the standard. The reason for this phenomenon can be near the main road (Qom-Tehran). According to the distribution map of lead concentration in surface soil, the highest concentration of lead in the study area is in the range of 1.50 to 100 mg / kg. In the southwest industrial town and bypassing this section, surface contamination decreases with lead. The highest zinc concentration in the studied area was in the range of 7.00 - 9 mg/kg. In the southwest of Shokoieh industrial city of Qom and Bypassing this section, soil contamination decreases with zinc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Identification of Jus Cogens Norms of International Law with a Glance to the Possibility of Emergence of Jus Cogens Norms of International Environmental Law
mojtaba sobhaninia Mohsen Abdollahi Abbas PoorhashemiJus Cogens norms of international law are among the key concepts cotibuting the development of international law. These norms stand out among other international norms because they uphold the fundamental values of the international community; contrary to mutual internat MoreJus Cogens norms of international law are among the key concepts cotibuting the development of international law. These norms stand out among other international norms because they uphold the fundamental values of the international community; contrary to mutual international obligations, these norms are owed by and in the interest of all states. Although there is no uncertainty regarding the concept of Jus Cogens norms in the international law literature, the identification parameters and contents of such norms have always been subject to debate. Therefore, it is both controversial and difficult to explain the nature of Jus Cogens norms and develop an effective solution to identify them. This descriptive-analytical desk research seeks to answer this question: What criteria could be helpful in identifying such norms against the backdrop of international law? And consequently which Jus Cogens norms belong to the realm of international environmental law. To shed light on how to correctly identify Jus Cogens norms, this study proposes and examines two criteria: the 'rule of general international law" and the "acceptance and recognition". The results show that some principles of international environmental law, despite the fact that have the potential to become Jus Cogens norms, they have not been able to achieve that status, yet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Management of Solid Waste Recycle in Semnan Industrial Estate
Mina Goshayeshi Bita Ayati Hossein Ganjidoust dostAbstract: Introduction: Semnan industrial estate with 2000 hectares is located in km 8 of Damghan-Semnan road. At present time, 300 manufacturing units are active in this estate. Some of them are manufacturing of electronic, metal, chemical, textile, non-metallic MoreAbstract: Introduction: Semnan industrial estate with 2000 hectares is located in km 8 of Damghan-Semnan road. At present time, 300 manufacturing units are active in this estate. Some of them are manufacturing of electronic, metal, chemical, textile, non-metallic mineral and lignocelluloses products. The investigations have shown that solid waste production and its improper disposal is one of the main important problems in the industrial estate. Material: In this study according to the available documents and field studies, solid waste were identified and classified basis on kinds, physical properties, recyclability, production place, offloading periodicity, temporary storage, transferring to the landfill. Result and discussion: According to the quantitative and qualitative investigation, there are 32 types of recyclable wastes in the estate. Four main types of them are plastic, paper, metal and wood wastes with annual production of 1000, 1400, 8400 and 540 ton, respectively. With consideration of all determinants of recycling complex establishment, the paper wastes recycling plant is only recommended. Transfer of plastic and metal wastes to the neighbor industrial complexes and reuse of wood wastes are also proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - The Comparison of Exaggeration between Firdausi's Epic Language and Motenabbi's
Hassan SHavandi Saman Khani Esfand AbadAbstract: The exaggerated flaunts are so different among various nations and it does matter with taking into account to the cultural and Geographical conditions, and various ethnic beliefs. In Iran and Arab cultures the exaggeration has further objective aspects and us MoreAbstract: The exaggerated flaunts are so different among various nations and it does matter with taking into account to the cultural and Geographical conditions, and various ethnic beliefs. In Iran and Arab cultures the exaggeration has further objective aspects and usually emerged in physical zooming as Very Height Mountains, deep wells tall athletes, Insatiable overeating and so…on. The distinctions between the exaggerated use of high frequency has been failed. May be the reason behind it, returns to the same famous phrase "say whatever you want if king exists" so Motenabi' Poetry exaggeration, belonged to the scope of praise and worship the kings, which means with the existence of unique art of poetry, the Poet has diminished in his poetry. On the other hand this problem caused to decline Persian Poetry after Firdausi periods. So, Motenabi's poetry, unlike Firdausi's poetry, contained Powerful figures. Sometimes, a lot of bounce in it is found. In fact the accurate consideration in Shahnama exaggeration or Motenabi' poetry should prepare a huge book as the size of Firdausi's Shahnama or the motenabi's poetry court. The main purpose of this investigation, was a kind of attempting to select some valuable subjects with more artistic value and tried to be avoided from failed exaggerated or invaluable subjects. We hope to make them enjoyable for right readers in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Reflection on the death of apostates and infidels in criminal jurisprudence with emphasis on Quranic teachings
hamidreza dezhan Esmaeil EslamieAbstract In general, in Islamic society, protecting people and respecting their blood is a principle, and Islam has never allowed the violation of the lives of people living in its territory. According to the jurists, jurists, religious texts, and consequently the Islam MoreAbstract In general, in Islamic society, protecting people and respecting their blood is a principle, and Islam has never allowed the violation of the lives of people living in its territory. According to the jurists, jurists, religious texts, and consequently the Islamic Penal Code, committing certain acts and behaviors by Muslims or people living in Islamic lands causes their blood to be allowed, which the jurists and jurists consider They call it Mahdoor al-Dam. The death of an apostate and infidel is one of the most important issues in Islamic political jurisprudence, which is mentioned in many verses and hadiths. In this article, the reaction of the Iranian political-legal system to these two crimes will be studied through analytical-descriptive and library methods. This article, while examining these two crimes, concludes that in our jurisprudential and legal system, killing infidels of the military type and apostates of the natural type is the consensus of Shiite jurists, of course, given the current situation and the establishment of the judiciary and institutions. Relevant and in order to prevent chaos and disruption in the social system and weaken the Islamic government, the implementation of such rulings is the responsibility of individuals in society and is one of the main duties of the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Responding to the assassination of Sardar Shahid Soleimani (with emphasis on Quranic principles)
vahid nekoonamOn the morning of January 3, 2020, the US government assassinated Sardar Soleimani, commander of Iran's Quds Force, and his entourage, as well as a high-ranking Iraqi military official. This terrorist act, which took place on Iraqi soil, violates many international rule MoreOn the morning of January 3, 2020, the US government assassinated Sardar Soleimani, commander of Iran's Quds Force, and his entourage, as well as a high-ranking Iraqi military official. This terrorist act, which took place on Iraqi soil, violates many international rules, However, it is important to note that according to the legal structure of Iran, which is based on the jurisprudence, referring to jurisprudential sources, especially the Holy Quran, to establish a system of response is extremely important. By referring to jurisprudential sources, at first aspect, the two rules of Retaliation and self-defense in this field can be examined.This article, through analytical and descriptive methods, first examines the possibility of relying on these two jurisprudential rules and then examines the principles of the accepted rule from the perspective of the Qur'an. With this statement, the main question of this research is that considering the challenges in international law regarding the fundamental violation of international rules by the United States on the subject of the martyrdom of Sardar Soleimani, to what extent can the capacity of Quranic principles be used in the field of response?The results of this article show that according to the US approach in the international arena and its presence in the Security Council, the possibility of judicial review is limited and therefore the subtlety of the rule of restraint is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - A comparative study of the principles of statecraft in the government of Al-Qarakhtiya and Al-Muzaffar(based on political and cultural affairs)
ali rahimi sadegh Jahanbakhsh Tahmasebi Iraj JalaliThe aim of the current research is a comparative study to identify the principles of statecraft in the rule based on political and cultural affairs. An analytical-historical approach was used for this research. The results of the research show the following: before th MoreThe aim of the current research is a comparative study to identify the principles of statecraft in the rule based on political and cultural affairs. An analytical-historical approach was used for this research. The results of the research show the following: before the formation of the local government, were considered to be part of the structure of previous governments such as the Ghaznavid dynasty, the Khwarizmshahs and the Ilkhanid state, and through their infiltration into the political structure of these governments,By imitating the political structure of the aforementioned governments, they had a political structure of the royal type based on tyranny and theoretically, their efforts to obtain the foundations of legitimacy can be considered within the framework of the Islamic monarchy and caliphate theory. Therefore, in this research, there is an attempt to identify the principles of statecraft in these two governments by relying on library documents and sources. The results of the research indicate that the two governments tried to maintain political and religious relations with the neighboring governments and the Abbasid caliphs in the political dimension and religious legitimacy of their government.From a cultural point of view, Kerman became one of the centers of science, literature and architecture after the establishment of the Karakhaites in relative security. With regard to the cultural performance of the Muzaffar family, we can mention the revival of the Iranian state, the revival of Islamic unity, and the laying of the foundations of the Shiite religion and its spread in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The state of Sharif Al-Razi among the poets of Eulogy
Mohammad Javad Esmaiel GHanami Ali SepahyarNo matter what the extent of effort and diligencr devoted, it seems almost impossible to duely appreciate the role and works of Sharif Al-Razi: In addition to specific and unique features of his time/age which flourished in science, knowledge, and enlightment, Al- MoreNo matter what the extent of effort and diligencr devoted, it seems almost impossible to duely appreciate the role and works of Sharif Al-Razi: In addition to specific and unique features of his time/age which flourished in science, knowledge, and enlightment, Al-Razi had his own distinguished poetic personality. Though this article we aim at fairly evaluating the genius and talent of Al-Razi over- shadowed by Al-Motanabi and susequently Abo-Al-A’la Alma’ri, and over- looked by his contemporaries. This study we claim is to acknowledge his state among the poets of eulogy. The research reveals his recognized rank if compared to his contempories or of other times. His eulogical backgrounds are different from those known and attributed to other poets, since it does not arise from an intention to earn a living, profit or the satisfactoin of an authority or king. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Civil Liability of the State from the Viewpoint of No-Loss Rule
Abolfazl Alishahi Mohammad DaneshnahadThe No-Loss Rule is of the very important jurisprudential rules within the concept of civil liability, however, a basic vacuum is lack of explanation about the place of this rule in the Public Law and civil liability of the state, while the Guilt Theory or the Risk Theo MoreThe No-Loss Rule is of the very important jurisprudential rules within the concept of civil liability, however, a basic vacuum is lack of explanation about the place of this rule in the Public Law and civil liability of the state, while the Guilt Theory or the Risk Theory have been mentioned many times.The present research deals with the No-Loss Rule and its role in the State Civil Liability, in an analytical-descriptive method, with reference to original jurisprudential and legal sources.The first section compares the No-loss Rule with two well-known theories on Civil Liability and deals with the differences and reasons behind the advantage of the No-Loss Rule over the other two. In the second section, the role of the No-Loss Rule in regard to the state civil liability, is elaborated, which includes three categories: common methods of the approval and denial of the state civil liability; exclusive methods of the approval and exclusive methods of the denial of the state civil liability.Some concepts explaining the role of the No-Loss Rule in the compliance and waiver of the state civil liability: verifying the conditions for quoting the tradition, the meanings of non- loss and denial of the loss judgment, to regard the No-Loss Rule as a state edict and to force the speculator to sell the hoards. One of the findings of the research is the fact that the state is liable for the conflict of the rights of individuals with one another; every loss which takes place in the society is has the capacity of indemnification, which is solvable via state public insurance and individual private insurance. The state is not liable for losses to belligerent states and in preference of public law to the private law, losses must be compensated as much as possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Jurisprudential examination of the permissibility of demanding khums and zakat by the jurisprudence of Jame al-Sharitat
mohammad mahdi moridi Fakhrullah Mollai Kendallos Hamed Rostami NajafabadiKhums and zakat are financial rules of Islam It is obligatory for Muslims to pay khums and zakat on their property, and the consensus of the parties is on this matter. And they believe in the principle of obligatory khums and zakat. In some hadiths, imams have called th MoreKhums and zakat are financial rules of Islam It is obligatory for Muslims to pay khums and zakat on their property, and the consensus of the parties is on this matter. And they believe in the principle of obligatory khums and zakat. In some hadiths, imams have called those who reject Khums and Zakat as infidels, which shows the importance of the issue. In this article, we are looking for whether the Islamic government (jurisprudence) can demand khums and zakat from the people? By examining the verses and hadiths, we came to the conclusion that the Islamic government (jurisprudence) can demand khums and zakat from the owner who is obligated to pay khums and zakat. Our reason is from the Qur'anic verse (Take from me my wealth in charity) that God instructs the Prophet to take charity from the people. There are countless traditions that the Prophet and imams demanded Khums and Zakat from the people, which are mentioned in the article. Also, the proof of the guardianship of the jurist, which is the same as the guardianship of the Prophet and Imams, and the guardian of the jurist is in charge of this matter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Dietary pattern and risk of prostate cancer
جمال رحمانی محمد عطاییFactor analysis was conducted over two dietary patterns were identified. Western dietary pattern with high consumption of sweets, jams and preserves, mayonnaise, soft drinks, salty snacks, solid fats, high fat dairy products, fried potatoes, Ama’ and viscera, meat MoreFactor analysis was conducted over two dietary patterns were identified. Western dietary pattern with high consumption of sweets, jams and preserves, mayonnaise, soft drinks, salty snacks, solid fats, high fat dairy products, fried potatoes, Ama’ and viscera, meat and processed foods, tea and coffee , a healthy diet with a higher intake of refined grains and cooking oils, legumes, nuts, fruits, poultry and fish, whole grains, eggs, vegetables and low-fat dairy Bvd.ps adjusting for the impact of possible turbulence earn higher scores the Western pattern diet significantly (P <0.05) were associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (odds ratio 2.33; 95% CI, 9/4 to 1/1) in front earn a high score of a healthy diet significant relationship (P <0.05) with a reduced risk of prostate cancer (OR = odds of 25/0, 95%, 53/0 to 11/0). lower risk of prostate cancer.People with a diet rich in refined grains close to the Western dietary pattern, red and processed meat and high-fat and fried food more risk of prostate cancer versus those who risk their diet is closer to a healthy diet lower risk of prostate cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Effects of Melissa officinalis on ethanol state-dependent learning in nicotine- treated mice
رامش احمدی فریبرز فریبرز صبوری صولتیObjectives :Melissa officinalis has antioxidant and antidepressant effects. Besides, it could be good in learning and memory due to its terpenoides. The possible role of Melissa officinalis on ethanol state – dependent learning was studied in adult nicotine-treate MoreObjectives :Melissa officinalis has antioxidant and antidepressant effects. Besides, it could be good in learning and memory due to its terpenoides. The possible role of Melissa officinalis on ethanol state – dependent learning was studied in adult nicotine-treated male mice. Materials : As a model of memory, a single –trial step- down passive avoidance task was used. In this project, ethanol (0.25, 1g/kg) and nicotine (0.01, 0.1mg/kg) was administrated 30 minutes before training and testing. Melissa officinalis extract (25 mg/kg) was administrated 30 minutes before testing, and then step down latency (SDL) was measured. Key finding: The obtained results showed that administration of ethanol (0.25, 1 g/kg) and nicotine (0.1 mg/kg) before training could decrease SDL, whereas, nicotine (0.01mg/kg) increased SDL.Conclusion : Pre testing administration of ethanol (1 g/kg), nicotine (0.1mg/kg) and Melissa officinalis extract (25mg/kg) could ameliorate decreasing effects of pre training ethanol (0.25, 1g/kg) and nicotine (0.1mg/kg) on SDL. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The Reasons behind Failure of Egypt Revolution and Collapse of Morsy Administration
محمد ستوده mohammadali sadeghzadehWe would like to congratulate you on your victory in the Presidential election of the United States of America. During the presidential campaign, we and millions of Iranians followed your forthright objection to the nuclear agreement reached between the Obama administr MoreWe would like to congratulate you on your victory in the Presidential election of the United States of America. During the presidential campaign, we and millions of Iranians followed your forthright objection to the nuclear agreement reached between the Obama administration and the Islamic Republic of Iran. We sincerely hope that with your election, the new administration and the United States Congress will have the opportunity for the first time to review the regional and international outcomes of that disastrous agreement without any reservations, as was promised to the voters.them. To their despair, in what can only be described as an unthinkable shift and a hundred and eighty degree turn on all the principal values of the United States, President Obama’s administration was busy conducting secret correspondence with Ayatollah Khamenei, the life-long leader of Iran. At the same time, Ayatollah’s cronies were opening fire on protesters. In October 2011, you wisely said “If Obama would’ve backed the people of Iran two years Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - ISIS: An Actor with Pre-Modern Thought and Ultra- Modern Instruments
masoud motallebi لیلی حیدریIslamic group Isis is one of the most important salafi That has been able to dominate parts of Iraq and Syria in short time and be in focus of regional and international change. ISIS can be seen as an extreme actors in search of redemption, rescues and returns to the in MoreIslamic group Isis is one of the most important salafi That has been able to dominate parts of Iraq and Syria in short time and be in focus of regional and international change. ISIS can be seen as an extreme actors in search of redemption, rescues and returns to the initial ideals of Islam.This group consider itself as a identity phenomenon with task of reviving the Islamic caliphate and Emarat and the restoration of Sunni glory. Isis is also an example of new terrorist groups, transnational and global nature, that emphases on terror and violence,it has transcend modern, state-centered, materialistic interests and seeking confined to the boundaries passed and focuses on identity claim is global. The main problem of the present article is manifested in question ” how actors is Isis intellectually and how uses cyberspace in order to advance it is goals?” . The proposed hypotheses is "Isis, although is intellectually pre –modern but is a typical of post-modern terrorism in virtual space that uses it is facilities in order to introduce itself and to make terrorist network to creat"Islamic caliphate" Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - The Consequences of Religious Extremism in the Middle East on US Foreign Policy during the Bush and Obama Times
hosein eslami mohsen eslamiThe purpose of this study is to examine the change in US foreign policy towards the Middle East in relation to religious extremism. In order to study this trend, consideration of structuralist theory as the basis of US foreign policy is needed. After the Soviet invasion MoreThe purpose of this study is to examine the change in US foreign policy towards the Middle East in relation to religious extremism. In order to study this trend, consideration of structuralist theory as the basis of US foreign policy is needed. After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s, the United States created, organized and supported al-Qaeda in order to confront this. But in the aftermath of 9/11, Bush introduced a new meaning to the Kurdish international system and expressed terrorism and al-Qaeda as the real enemy of the United States, attacking Afghanistan and Iraq to deal with it, and put unilateralism in foreign policy on the agenda. ; However, this policy was revised in the Barack Obama era. Accordingly, the main question of this study is that the rise of religious extremism in the Middle East has had an impact on US foreign policy towards the Middle East? In answer to this question, it has been assumed that the spread of religious extremism in the Middle East has increased the presence and military intervention of the United States in the region; however, over time, the responsibility to counter this phenomenon has been delegated from the United States to its regional and transatlantic allies in the Middle East. Is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - The Impact of the Social Capital of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran on Social Vandalism
محمدحسن الهی منش alireza mirzaniyaVendalism is one of the problems of urban societies, especially on the margins, which has been created in the midst of the city's rapid growth and the inevitable urbanization of societies. Urban sabotage is one of the social deviations or disturbances in which people tr MoreVendalism is one of the problems of urban societies, especially on the margins, which has been created in the midst of the city's rapid growth and the inevitable urbanization of societies. Urban sabotage is one of the social deviations or disturbances in which people try to express their own needs, emotions and feelings in an unrealistic way, with the inaccessibility of the appropriate method. In fact, vandalism is a kind of behavioral deviation that does not meet the expectations of the community and generally occurs when a person or group does not meet the standards of society. Accordingly, the research hypothesis is as follows: By examining the performance of the governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran, we find that in the Islamic Republic the trust of the citizens, increasing political participation, as well as increasing the trust of the various branches of the society, have weakened and socialized socialism, and, by mutual trust, the erosion of political participation And the lack of social cohesion has provided the necessary grounds for the destruction of public property. The method of analyzing information is a descriptive-analytic method that, while presenting and evaluating existing literature on social capital and social vandalism, reducing the relationship between government and nation and feeling of discrimination, analyzes the relationship between these concepts and the logical connection between social capital, Reducing the relationship between the nation's state and the sense of discrimination as an independent variable and vandalism as a dependent variable will be analyzed testing hypothesis proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - The features of and the reasons behind state - oriented political culture
mohammadreza sayad mohammadali khosravi Ali Shirkhani malektaj khosravibabanariA state-political political culture is a kind of political culture in which people, departing from the realm of political and social activities, assign their duties and powers to the state in public, and the political elites, by accepting these duties and powers, expect MoreA state-political political culture is a kind of political culture in which people, departing from the realm of political and social activities, assign their duties and powers to the state in public, and the political elites, by accepting these duties and powers, expect more and more expectations from governments For this purpose, the purpose of this research is to use a descriptive and analytical method to find an answer to the question: what factors lead to the formation of a state-owned culture, and how this kind of political culture affects the patterns of political and social behavior Communities? In response to this question, the following hypothesis is tested: the nature of the state rentier - the long history of tyranny of the kingdom and the continuation of the patrimonial culture are the most important factors in the formation of a state-political political culture, and this kind of cultural culture causes people to depend on the state. The results of the research, while confirming the hypothesis above, indicate that the political culture of the state has caused the attachment of people to the state due to the characteristics of estrangement and the culture of citizenship-distrust of state-responsibility and myths and myths in the pattern of social and political behavior of these societies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - The War in the Hegemonic Theories of International Relations: Reflection of the War of Occupation of Iraq in a Hegemonic Behavior View
amin ravanbodThe discovery of the causes of the war for a better understanding of it and, if possible, avoiding it, is one of the factors driving knowledge of international relations. Hegemonic behavior and hegemonic governments are the main source of hegemonic international relatio MoreThe discovery of the causes of the war for a better understanding of it and, if possible, avoiding it, is one of the factors driving knowledge of international relations. Hegemonic behavior and hegemonic governments are the main source of hegemonic international relations theories for a better understanding of hegemonic wars, especially wars between the dominant hegemon and the challenging government calling for hegemony. In this regard, the main purpose of the present paper is to examine and criticize the hegemonic theories of international relations about the Iraq war in 2003 based on the hegemonic behavior or hegemonic governments, with an emphasis on the impact of US behavior as hegemony. The research method is library research and descriptive research. The research findings show that global hegemony, and in particular the United States hegemony, have two options because of the lack of a reference group of hegemons, where hegemony is fully, mutually and peacefully happens: first, hegemony can be exercised for the highest degree of dominance, authority, and leadership, through peaceful practices such as promoting new norms and exercising legitimate leadership based on standards accepted by others, or on a very different path in the traditional way of winning a major war or resorting to force in limited dimensions. Whenever the weight of the option of using force in hegemonic policies increases, the probable conditions of leading to war occur with a higher probability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Resistance Movements in West Asia and the Challenge of Iran's Leadership Role in the Axis of Resistance
Lotfi Mehdi Ali Shirkhani Mehdi Javadani MoghadamThis research, employing a descriptive-analytical method with a problem-oriented approach, examines the positive and ideological nature of the Islamic Revolution in the West Asian region as a unique phenomenon. It has managed to transform into an identity-giving model f MoreThis research, employing a descriptive-analytical method with a problem-oriented approach, examines the positive and ideological nature of the Islamic Revolution in the West Asian region as a unique phenomenon. It has managed to transform into an identity-giving model for the states and groups within the Axis of Resistance. The study adopts a developmental research approach, recognizing the Axis of Resistance as an unwritten security alliance among Shiite and non-Shiite resistance movements in West Asia and beyond, aimed at combating the Israeli regime and Western dominance in the Middle East, thereby advocating for the liberation of Palestine. From the early days of the Islamic Revolution's victory, Iran, by rejecting both Western and Eastern influences, proclaimed the formation of the "Party of the Oppressed" encompassing all the world's oppressed, positioning itself as an inspiring model for militant Muslims. Consequently, countries like Saudi Arabia, which seek to expand the Wahhabi ideology and lead the Arab world, accuse Iran of exporting the revolution and attempting to overthrow regional governments. Aligning with the West, they strive to portray Iran as a threat to regional countries, emphasizing its influence in four capitals (Beirut, Damascus, Baghdad, and Sana'a). On the other hand, the Zionist regime attempts to establish friendly relations with Iran's neighboring countries to implement its "Iranophobia" project. By infiltrating Turkey and Iraq in Iran's western borders, Azerbaijan and Central Asia in the northern borders, and the Gulf countries, especially Qatar, in the southern borders, Israel aims to encircle Iran and reduce its influence in leading the Axis of Resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - A Study of the Causes of the Seljukids’ Need for Religious and Political Legitimacy in the State Structure
Nesa Bagheri Keivan Loloye Amir Teimour RafiieeThe purpose of the present study is to review the causes of the Seljuk kings’ need for religious and political legitimacy in the state structure and the policy of interaction between the Seljukids and Abbasids. In this regard and using a descriptive-analytic metho MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the causes of the Seljuk kings’ need for religious and political legitimacy in the state structure and the policy of interaction between the Seljukids and Abbasids. In this regard and using a descriptive-analytic method, this question was answered: what policies and methods were undertaken by the Seljuk government to establish a powerful kingdom and acquire legitimacy from Abbasid caliphs? The results showed that the Turk Seljuks who reached power in Iran at early 5th century, like religious rulers, under the rubric of Islam ruled over Iran and made the highest use of the institution of Abbasid caliphate to justify their religious and political legitimacy and attempted to show their governance in front of people as justified, legitimate, and acceptable. This policy adopted by them had an impact on the state structure and gave direction to that. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Analysis Procedure of the Unilateral Sanctions of the United States and Their Impact on Employment and Development in Iran
Hamid Jamalpur KHerolah Parvin Maryam MoradiThe purpose of the present study is to review and analyze the unilateral sanctions of the US and their impacts on employment and development in Iran. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and an evaluation of the economic sanctions imposed against the Islamic Repu MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review and analyze the unilateral sanctions of the US and their impacts on employment and development in Iran. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and an evaluation of the economic sanctions imposed against the Islamic Republic of Iran with regulations and principles of the international law, proves the main hypothesis of this article that is the illegitimacy of such sanctions. Accordingly, the unilateral economic sanctions of the US against Iran have caused some limitations on different economic sections of the country, transfer of technical equipment and knowledge, foreign investment, transportation, payments, and so on. The results of the study show that one of the effects of the unilateral sanctions of the US against the Islamic Republic of Iran that has violated human rights, is the violation of the right of employment. Fluctuation in the process of employment in Iran following the sanctions, has caused the agitation and confusion of a lot of Iranian citizens. Lack of job and occupational security in the country, decline in production, inflation and … are some consequences of the sanctions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - An Evaluation Study of the Political Consequences of the Second Pahlavi's Oil Economy
Hossein Hosseinzadeh Fereydoon Akbarzadeh Lena Abdolkhani Hamed MohagheghniaThe purpose of the present study is to explore rentierism in the second Pahlavi regime. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that the most important political consequence of the oil economy in Iran can be the rentier state during the second MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explore rentierism in the second Pahlavi regime. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that the most important political consequence of the oil economy in Iran can be the rentier state during the second Pahlavi regime. Rising oil prices led to a highly noticeable increase in SAVAK budget and the Shah used this factor to suppress public opposition inside the country more than ever. SAVAK, recognizing it was given a more extensive role compared to the first pre-shock stage, felt free to suppress the regime's opponents and continued its measures without any concern. Of course, it should be noted that the Shah's oppression and dictatorship created a sense of terror and horror in people's heart and they attributed all these measures to the Shah and hated him more than before. Autocracy and repression intensified by the Shah before the revolution insomuch that a group of writers and researchers of the Islamic revolution have considered the severe autocracy and repression during the Pahlavi regime as the main causes of the revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Russia and the State-Nation Building Crisis in Modern Iraq
Mohammadreza HakakzadehWith the purpose of reviewing the policy of Russia towards the state-nation building crisis in Iraq, the present study seeks to answer what were the impacts of the state-nation building crisis in modern Iraq on the perception of Russian elites about the transformations MoreWith the purpose of reviewing the policy of Russia towards the state-nation building crisis in Iraq, the present study seeks to answer what were the impacts of the state-nation building crisis in modern Iraq on the perception of Russian elites about the transformations in this country and consequently Russian policy. The method of study is descriptive analysis and it relies on the hypothesis that state-nation building transformations in modern Iraq such as the emergence of Takfiri extremism, threatening the interests of Russian allies, and concerns over spreading instabilities to Eurasia, have led to changing the perception of Russians and as a result, adopting the policy of expanding the presence and penetration of Russia in Iraq. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Exploring the Grounds for Arab Convergence with the Zionist Regime Against Iran Based on Stephen Walt's Balance of Threat Theory
Asghar Rajabi Deh Borzoei Mohammad BidgholiThe objective of the present research is to explore the grounds for Arab convergence with the Zionist regime against Iran, based on Stephen Walt's Balance of Threat theory. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the results indicate that the Arabs, emphasizi MoreThe objective of the present research is to explore the grounds for Arab convergence with the Zionist regime against Iran, based on Stephen Walt's Balance of Threat theory. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the results indicate that the Arabs, emphasizing Iran's security threats, have developed their relations with the Zionist regime for reasons including American support for normalizing relations, the Arabs' involvement in internal crises, the weakening of Iran's anti-Zionist ideology, the existence of rifts among Arab countries, and changes in the regional power balance through various military, political, and economic collaborations. They consider the behavioral pattern of threat balancing as the best approach towards the Islamic Republic of Iran. It seems that the normalization of relations between the Arabs and the Zionist regime, like other conspiracies by the Western-Hebrew-Arab triangle in recent decades, will ultimately fail. This plot will not be a concerning issue because sooner or later, it will lead to the disgrace of countries aligned with the Zionist regime and the collapse of these artificial relationships. Given that normalization of relations, at best, will not extend beyond the level of state relations with the Zionist regime, it is suggested that the Islamic Republic of Iran maintain active diplomacy to keep the issue of Palestine alive and remind the Arab governments to heed the voices of their peoples who oppose normalization with the occupying Zionist regime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Political Assessment of the Strategic Approach and Positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran Regarding the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Navid Nozaeem Seyyed Baqir Mirabbasi Mareyam Moradi Sohail Sohaili NajafabadiThe objective of this research is to politically assess the strategic approach and positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran concerning the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the findings indicate that the mutual MoreThe objective of this research is to politically assess the strategic approach and positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran concerning the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the findings indicate that the mutual interests of Iran and the two major powers within the SCO, Russia, and China, in preventing American influence in Southwest Asia, particularly Central Asia, have brought them closer together within the framework of bilateral relations and also within the SCO. To counter American hegemony at the regional level and ensure its national interests against the security threats posed by the United States, the Islamic Republic of Iran has taken steps towards permanent membership in the SCO. Permanent membership in the SCO has provided structural opportunities for Iran, which, on one hand, can create a balance against American hegemony in the region with the support of the powers within this structure, and on the other hand, enhances Iran's political and security status in Central Asian equations and Middle Eastern developments. Therefore, with the aforementioned high capacities in the Middle East region, Iran has the necessary strategic capability to become a regional power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The Role of the State Leader in Applying Public Diplomacy Relational Methods in the Country
Mohammad Sotoudeh Mohammad Ali SadeghzadehThe purpose of the present study is to answer the main question about the role of the state leader in applying public diplomacy relational methods to fulfill interests of Iran and the Islamic world. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that MoreThe purpose of the present study is to answer the main question about the role of the state leader in applying public diplomacy relational methods to fulfill interests of Iran and the Islamic world. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that with regard to his role in the political-legal structure of the country, having religious authority in the Shi’ite world, and the existing potentials in the discourse literature of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the state leader by applying soft power and relational methods through gatherings, meetings, approaches, mass media, relevant institutions, cultural and educational organizations, and sending messages and letters to the audience, has an effective role in right detection and enemy recognition, revival of the Islamic ideology, spiritual propagation of the revolution, enforcement of smart power of the Islamic Republic of Iran, preparation of resistance culture, and challenging the unjust nature of the international order in various aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Investigating Ideological and Political Origins of the Houthis' Movement
Ahmad Jansiz Mostafa TarinThe purpose of the present study is to investigate and identify the political, ideological roots, motivations, and motives of the Houthi movement that has emerged in Yemen in recent years. In this study, the scientific and theoretical reasons of the Houthi movement have MoreThe purpose of the present study is to investigate and identify the political, ideological roots, motivations, and motives of the Houthi movement that has emerged in Yemen in recent years. In this study, the scientific and theoretical reasons of the Houthi movement have been taken into consideration by Dokmajian theory, and the role of Zaydieh and the actions of Yemeni rulers, especially Ali Abdullah Saleh and the ideas of Hussein Al Houthi have been noticed. This paper, using a descriptive-analytical method, shows that in analyzing the causes of the Houthi movement, some internal factors such as political, social, cultural and economic conditions are considered to be a factor for this movement and some other theorists believe external factors, international system and the effects of external events have contributed to this movement. The dynamics of the Houthi movement indicate that it will gain an important place in the political future of Yemen and in power position. Studying the intellectual roots of this movement has mostly political and ideological backgrounds that have fed the will of its followers. Combating oppression, American hegemony, Zionist influence, and the destruction of secularism have a particular place in these ideas, and they emphasize the legitimacy of the political system, justice and the renunciation of evil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Rentier Economy, state and the Cultural Middle Class in the Islamic Republic of Iran
masoud motallebi hamid malek pourThe purpose of this study was to explain the status and position of rentier economy, state and Cultural middle class in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, after the concept of rent and rentier economics, the characteristics of rentier state, the nature of soc MoreThe purpose of this study was to explain the status and position of rentier economy, state and Cultural middle class in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, after the concept of rent and rentier economics, the characteristics of rentier state, the nature of social classes in Iran and the influence of rentier state on the new and cultural middle class were studied. Also, the impact of rentier economy and state on migration and urbanization, development of educational and academic centers, media development and typology of the cultural middle class were other topics considered in this study. The results of this study, using historical sociology and a descriptive-analytical approach, showed that the cultural middle class wants what the middle class wants in the industrial society, but economically it does not. This class is pushing to impose its values such as citizenship rights, a sense of participation in decision-making, the reinforcement of modern cultural values, and the modern lifestyle of post-revolutionary states that enjoy a rentier structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - An Elaboration on the Anthropological Grounds for Maximum Involvement of the Administration in Education with a Focus on Plato’s and Farabi’s Views
Ali Ali‐Hosseini Mahmood Fallah Fahimeh QaemiAmong miscellaneous views on the relationship between people and the state, there are some that believe the state must control the relations between the& MoreAmong miscellaneous views on the relationship between people and the state, there are some that believe the state must control the relations between the human and the soul with an educational purpose to bring about prosperity for human beings; a belief, which was developed by Plato in ancient Greek and was explicated and moderated by Farabi on the grounds he set for its development in Islamic thought. In proposing their political views, Plato and Farabi considered education as an essential concept and thought of the state as obliged to make it come true without any limitation. However, of the important questions that are posed to investigate those views is how the human and his needs and abilities are pictured, on the basis of which requirements are taken into account and justified in the form of politico‐educational views to reach perfection. Apparently, that picture shows lack of sureness about humans’ ability to elevate themselves and inequalities among them in using or taking advantage of reason. The purpose of picturing the human being from the standpoint of the thinkers that believe in the involvement of the state in education with a focus on anthropological understanding of the leading pioneers of that view, i.e. Plato and Farabi, is to gain a better appreciation of their politico‐educational measures. A comparative elaboration on the anthropological standpoints of those thinkers and their impact on their politico‐educational views will follow a short introduction to Plato’s and Farabi’s political thoughts and educational prescriptions. This paper will show that the belief in inequality of human beings in using their reason and sensual faculty, distrust in nature and different levels of educability of human beings will necessitate their guidance or control that will result in extremist views on the correction and purification of the human being if followed meticulously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - From Overcoming the Self to Spiritual Stations of Annihilation An Analysis of Rumi’s Conducts Based on the Story of “The Handmaiden and The King”
Marziyeh AttaranThe visitation of Shams Al-din Tabrizi and Molana Jalal Al-din Mohammad Balkhi Rumi is a wonderful phenomenon in the history of Islamic mysticism, and its outcome has stayed in Rumi’s personality and his everlasting works. This humanitarian relationship, how MoreThe visitation of Shams Al-din Tabrizi and Molana Jalal Al-din Mohammad Balkhi Rumi is a wonderful phenomenon in the history of Islamic mysticism, and its outcome has stayed in Rumi’s personality and his everlasting works. This humanitarian relationship, however, has been obscured behind a frail story in which the great prophet of Islam is compared with Bayazid Bastami through a question. In this study, the writer has tried to specify Rumi’s spiritual path based on the biographical-like story of “The Handmaiden and The King”. The results have revealed that whatever has been considered in Rumi’s clear professions and his mental-verbal statements about Shams is the product of the substantial activity of reflection and practical spiritual path and acquired moods and qualities that have been identified in practical mysticism and mystical practices. A circulation such as this is not believed to be accidental. There should be contexts, motives, reasons, works and particular conditions there so that someone could achieves spiritual station of cognition and we can call him a mystic. This story of the handmaiden and the king is an explicit mirror of the path and stages of practical mysticism in which everything – from overcoming the self to spiritual stations of annihilation and attainment of the apex of mysticism that is a part of sainthood – has been discussed step by step and Rumi’s inner and spiritual transitions in stages such as pursuit, attachment to God, appearance of the sage, transformation of spiritual temper and finally friendship are investigated Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Irony in Zahir Al-Din Faryabi’s Poetry
Assad Safari Mohammad Sadeqi -
Open Access Article
160 - Electronic Structure and Properties of Anticancer Active Molecule Ansa-titanocene Dichloride
Reza Ghiasi Mozhdeh Shabani -
Open Access Article
161 - Study of Fatigue Behavior and Microstructure of 1.6582 Steel Joint by Resistance Butt Welding
O Ashkani H .M Semnani H Sabet M .R Tavighi -
Open Access Article
162 - The Interactive Role of an Auditor's Expertise in the Relationship between Abnormal Transactions with Biased People and Financial Statement Fraud: Testing Agency Theory
Amirali Bandarian Saeid Emami Dehcheshmeh Khatereh KargarpurPurpose: The objective of the present study is to review the interactive role of an auditor's expertise in the relationship between abnormal transactions with biased people and financial statement fraud with an emphasis on testing the agency theory in Tehran Stock Excha MorePurpose: The objective of the present study is to review the interactive role of an auditor's expertise in the relationship between abnormal transactions with biased people and financial statement fraud with an emphasis on testing the agency theory in Tehran Stock Exchange.Methods: With respect to the type of data in this research, logistic regression has been used. The statistical sample consisted of 118 corporations from 2014 to 2021, which were chosen by systematic removal.Results: The results showed that segments of abnormal transactions with biased people increase financial statement fraud. Moreover, an auditor's expertise moderates the intensity of positive relationships between abnormal transactions with biased people and financial statement fraud.Conclusions: With regard to the agency theory, the motivation behind abnormal transactions with biased people is that they want to seize the corporation's capital and that the managers distort financial statements in order to conceal the truth. Furthermore, since the specialist auditors monitor a great portion of the industrial corporations, they are of an expertise and experience above other accountants; therefore, they are more capable to detect financial statement deviation and fraud in terms of abnormal transactions with biased people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - The Effect of Visual Illusion and Emotional States on Financial Information Analysis and Biased Decision Making
MohamadReza Tat Mansour Garkaz MohamadReza AbdolyPurpose: The purpose of the present study is to review the effect of visual illusion and different emotional states on financial information analysis and biased decision making.Methods: The research is practical, descriptive, and semi-experimental. The statistical popul MorePurpose: The purpose of the present study is to review the effect of visual illusion and different emotional states on financial information analysis and biased decision making.Methods: The research is practical, descriptive, and semi-experimental. The statistical population consisted of postgraduates in accounting among whom 198 members were chosen as a sample. For results analysis, ANOVA was used and for the interpretation of the difference between the averages of groups, Post-Hoc of LSD (least significant difference) was applied. Results: The financial information displayed through 3-dimensional graphic without network lines creates visual illusion and would decrease the accuracy of data analysis by those who read them. Moreover, the results of the study showed that different emotional states (happy/sad) have a significant impact on the students' decision making. The students who had normal emotional states made less-biased decisions compared to the students who had abnormal emotional states.Conclusions: The research results showed that the financial information displayed through3-dimensional graphics without network lines creates visual illusion and would decrease the accuracy of data analysis by those who read them and lead to bias in decision making. However, by putting network lines on the diagram, the bias can be decreased. Furthermore, the research results revealed that when people experience a normal and stable emotional state, they can make proper decisions whereas they are incapable of appropriate decision making when in abnormal states. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Investigating the effect of different emotional states (emotions) on biased decision making in accounting
mohammadreza tat mansour garkaz mohammadreza abdoli saeid baratyHuman judgment and decision-making affect all stages of the creation of accounting information, from the beginning to the interpretation of information. The decision-making process can be shaped by emotions, emotions can change signals of evaluation, risk perception and MoreHuman judgment and decision-making affect all stages of the creation of accounting information, from the beginning to the interpretation of information. The decision-making process can be shaped by emotions, emotions can change signals of evaluation, risk perception and strategic orientation. Thus, there is an aspect of human behavior in the judgment and decision-making process that is reflected in the accounting information disclosed in the financial statements. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of different emotional states (emotions) on biased decisions in accounting has been investigated. This research is a descriptive and quasi-experimental application. The statistical population of this research is graduate students of accounting in a simulated environment by presenting a scenario as a financial manager. The number of samples was determined according to the unknown number of population through the formula of unknown population 198 people. One-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test were used to analyze the data. The results of this study show that different emotional states (happy / sad) have a significant effect on students' decision-making in the role of financial managers. The decision-making of financial managers (accounting students) who were in a normal emotional state was less biased than that of financial managers who were in an unusual (happy / sad) emotional state. The results of this study show that when people experience natural and stable emotional states, they can make the right decisions. But when their condition is unusual, they are unable to make the right decision. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - The Effect of Investor Sentiment on the Market Reactions to Earnings Restatements
Neda rostami donya ahadiyanInvestors' sentiment often stem from held mental beliefs or information unrelated to stock value and can lead to extreme or low reactions to good or bad news, fanatical expectations such as speculative tendencies and optimistic or pessimistic optimism. Meanwhile, restat MoreInvestors' sentiment often stem from held mental beliefs or information unrelated to stock value and can lead to extreme or low reactions to good or bad news, fanatical expectations such as speculative tendencies and optimistic or pessimistic optimism. Meanwhile, restatement of financial statements may be one of the factors affecting the sentiment of investors. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of investors’ sentiment on the market reactions to earnings restatements. The statistical sample consists of 119 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2012 to 2020. The results show that the willingness of investors has a significant effect on the market reaction to the earnings restatement. The results also show that the high investor sentiment, both in the presence of restatement and non-restatement, has a positive effect on market reaction, but in the presence of restatement, the effect of high investor sentiment on market reaction is less. Another result of the research indicates that the low investor sentiment has a negative effect on the market reaction in the presence of a restatement and a positive effect when there is not restatement. Therefore, it can be said that the restatement is effective on the impact of low investor sentiment on the market reaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Investor Sentiment, Misstatements, and Auditor Behavior
Faegh Ahmadi amirhossein jamali mohammad hadi hosseini saraniHigh investor sentiment has been linked with opportunistic managerial behavior in the face of more optimistic investors and analysts. In this study, this line of work is developed by documenting the increased likelihood of misstatements and the consequent increase in au MoreHigh investor sentiment has been linked with opportunistic managerial behavior in the face of more optimistic investors and analysts. In this study, this line of work is developed by documenting the increased likelihood of misstatements and the consequent increase in audit risk in the face of high investor sentiment. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect investor sentiment on misstatements, and auditor behavior of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample consists of 94 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange in the period from 2017 to 2021. The research hypotheses were tested using multivariate regression model with panel data method. The results showed that investor sentiment have significant positive effect on the misstatements with in 95% confidence level. In addition, other findings indicated existence of a significant positive effect investor sentiment on audit fees and going concern opinion. As a result, The findings enhance the understanding of how investor sentiment affects misstatements, and auditor behavior, and enrich the literature on corporate auditor pricing and reporting decisions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Theoretical investigation of tautomerisation of 3-Amino-1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5(4H)-One by using quantum calculations by DFT method.
بهزاد چهکندیدر این تحقیق بررسی توتومریزاسیون و حالتهای گذار مولکول 3-آمینو-1H-4،2،1- تریآزول-5)4H (- اٌن که حاصل از انتقالات 1و3 پروتون بین اتم های اکسیژن و نیتروژن است با استفاده از محاسبات کوانتومی در سطح محاسباتیDFT-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)، در فاز گازی و در محیطی با حضور یک و دو م Moreدر این تحقیق بررسی توتومریزاسیون و حالتهای گذار مولکول 3-آمینو-1H-4،2،1- تریآزول-5)4H (- اٌن که حاصل از انتقالات 1و3 پروتون بین اتم های اکسیژن و نیتروژن است با استفاده از محاسبات کوانتومی در سطح محاسباتیDFT-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)، در فاز گازی و در محیطی با حضور یک و دو مولکول آب انجام شده است. بدین منظور ساختار بهینه توتومرهای مختلف مولکول مورد نظر بدست آمدهاند. همچنین با استفاده از محاسبات فرکانس در سطح محاسباتی مشابه، خواص ترمودینامیکی تعادلهای مختلف توتومری از قبیل E∆، H∆، G∆ وKeq بدست آمدهاند. سپس با استفاده از روشهای QST2 و QST3 حالت های گذار تعادلهای توتومری مختلف مولکول3-آمینو-1H-4،2،1- تریآزول-5)4H (- اٌن و مقادیر سینتیکی و ترمودینامیکی آنها محاسبه شدهاند. اثرات تونلزنی نیز بر روی سرعت واکنشهای مربوطه بررسی شدهاند. نتایج نشان میدهند ثابت سرعت واکنشهای توتومری مورد بررسی نسبت به اثرات تونلزنی حساسیت بالایی دارند و سرعت واکنش های توتومری در حدود چهار تا پنج برابر افزایش مییابند. همچنین محاسبات حالت گذارنشان می دهند در غیاب مولکولهای آب سد انرژی مقدار بالایی دارد و سرعت واکنش های توتومری عمدتاً بدون حضور کاتالیزور خیلی آهسته بوده به عبارتی انجامپذیر نیستند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Investigation of C-O tautomerism in a derivative of Flucytosine: A DFT study
بهزاد چهکندیIn this research investigation of tautomerism and transition states of 6-Hydroxy 5-Flourocytosine from 1,3 proton transfer between oxygen and carbon atoms in the gas phase and in solution and in a micro hydrated environment with 1-3 water molecules was performed by quan MoreIn this research investigation of tautomerism and transition states of 6-Hydroxy 5-Flourocytosine from 1,3 proton transfer between oxygen and carbon atoms in the gas phase and in solution and in a micro hydrated environment with 1-3 water molecules was performed by quantum calculations at the DFT/B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory. For this purpose, the optimized geometries of various tautomers of the desired molecule were obtained. Also by using frequency calculations at the same level thermodynamic properties of different tautomeric equilibriums such as ΔE, ΔH, ΔG and Keq were obtained. Then transition states of various tautomeric interconversion of 6-Hydroxy 5-Flourocytosine and it’s kinetic and thermodynamic amounts were calculated by QST2 and QST3 methods. And also the tunneling effects on rates of reaction were investigated. The results show in both gas phase and solution, rate constants of tautomeric reactions have high sensitivity on tunneling effects and rate of tautomeric interconversion increase by about five or more. Also transition state calculations show in absence of water assisted molecules the tautomeric interconversion reacctions have high barrier energy and so are very slow, in other word they can not be done Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Theoretical study of 2-selenoformyl-3-thioxo-propionaldehyde (STP) in the exited states
ramin rafat alireza nowrooziIn the present study, tatomerism process, hydrogen bond strength and π-electron delocalization of 2-selenoformyl-3-thioxo-propionaldehyde (STP) in the singlet and triplet excites states were investigated. First, all of the H-bonded structures in exited states were op MoreIn the present study, tatomerism process, hydrogen bond strength and π-electron delocalization of 2-selenoformyl-3-thioxo-propionaldehyde (STP) in the singlet and triplet excites states were investigated. First, all of the H-bonded structures in exited states were optimized by CIS and TD-DFT methods. Relative energies indicate that the thiol and enol conformers are the most stable and unstable, respectively: HB Thiol < HB Selenol < HB Enol. Moreover, the electronic energies show that all of the H-bonded structures are more stable in the triplet excited state than the singlet excited state. To justify this order, the affective factors on this stability such as tautomerism, hydrogen bonding and π-electron delocalization were comprehensively investigated. Tautomeric energies express that the thiol tautomer is more stable than the others in terms of thermodynamics. Also, the activation barriers indicate that the thio⇋thiol is more prefer than the other equilibriums, from kinetic point of view. Description of different hydrogen bonds by energetic, geometrical, topological and molecular orbitals emphasize on the presence of a stronger intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB) in the enol forms. Furthermore, evaluation of π-electron delocalization (π-ED) represents approximate superiority of enol conformers. The achieved results by HB and π-ED analyzes are in contrast with the mentioned stability order. Ultimately, investigation of above factors indicates that the tautomerism phenomenon plays a dominant role in determining of the structures stability in the excited states. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - The Study of absorption of drug anticancer Chlorambucil on Graphene: A DFT Study
abolghasem shameli Ebrahim balaliRecently, increasing use of nanotechnology has moved to the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs.Research extending is based to find novel targets in cancer cells, targeting methods, fixation of nanoparticles on the target site, drug delivery to the target cell and drug t MoreRecently, increasing use of nanotechnology has moved to the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs.Research extending is based to find novel targets in cancer cells, targeting methods, fixation of nanoparticles on the target site, drug delivery to the target cell and drug therapeutic effects on the cancer tumors. Direct injection of anticancer drugs may cause side effects, such as harm to the nervous system, for this cause, it’s important to computational studies of its controlled release by graphene nano-plate. This study is based on the calculations of the density function theory with the basis sets B3LYP 6-31G*, which is the most suitable computational method. In this study are discussed the absorption of the Chlorambucil anticancer drug on the pristine graphene and doping graphene with Nitrogen (N) and Aluminium (Al). This research is discussed different effects on the parameters of the density of state (DOS) and natural bond orbital (NBO). With the comparative technique was chosen best and most reliable computational method. The conclusion was that the chemical properties of structures are highly dependent on the electron spaces the nucleus of the atoms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - A theoretical study on the nature of formaldehyde adsroption on the C58BN heterofullerene using DFT
Ehsan Zahedi majid mozaffari Malihe ArabIn this research adsorption of formaldehyde on the external surface heterofullerene C58BN has been studied by means of density functional theory using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Total electronic energies have been corrected by addition of two gCP and D3 correct MoreIn this research adsorption of formaldehyde on the external surface heterofullerene C58BN has been studied by means of density functional theory using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Total electronic energies have been corrected by addition of two gCP and D3 correction terms. Adsorption of formaldehyde via the bonding of oxygen atom to boron and carbon atom to nitrogen leads to the delocalization of oxygen lone pairs to the empty orbital of boron atom, formation of a strong covalent bond and consequently stability of system. Topological parameters based on the AIM theory, density of state spectrums, and the maps of molecular electrostatic potentials indicated that the adsorption of formaldehyde on the studied positions are covalent in nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Theoretical investigation of Curtius rearrangement of oxalyl di azide molecule using quantum calculations in gas phase and solution
Roghaye Taheryan بهزاد چهکندی Ehsan ZahediIn this study, was investigated the Curtius rearrangement reaction of the molecule oxalyl diazide (ODA) for syn-syn and anti-anti-conformers in the gas and solvent phases ( water and cyclohexane ). the syn-syn and anti-anti-ODA conformers and transition states related t MoreIn this study, was investigated the Curtius rearrangement reaction of the molecule oxalyl diazide (ODA) for syn-syn and anti-anti-conformers in the gas and solvent phases ( water and cyclohexane ). the syn-syn and anti-anti-ODA conformers and transition states related to their rearrangement reactions are optimized in the gas phase using by Density functional theory (DFT) at computational levels WB97XD, M06-2X, B3LYP and the basis sets 6-311 ++ G (2d, d, p) and the CBS-QB3 method .in the solvent phase, calculations have been performed at the level of B3LYP / 6-311 ++ G (2d, d, p).the syn-syn conformer through a concerted mechanism and anti-anti-conformer using a stepwise mechanism product Carbonyl di isosyanate (CAI) , respectively by passing 1 and 2 transition states under curtius rearrangement.in the concerted mechanism the Gibbs free activation energy of the path went is less than the return path of the reaction, in other words, the Gibbs free activation energy of the return path is about 4 times the path went reaction.in the step wise mechanism, the first stage is the endothermic and the second stage is the exothermic process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Energetic and electronic properties of bilirubin photoisomerization products using density functional theory
Maryam Taheri احسان زاهدی Mohammad Taghi BaeiThe thermodynamic stability and the electronic structures of bilirubin isomers along the photoisomerization process have been studied using the density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory in aqueous solvent medium. The stability of 4Z,15Z isom MoreThe thermodynamic stability and the electronic structures of bilirubin isomers along the photoisomerization process have been studied using the density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory in aqueous solvent medium. The stability of 4Z,15Z isomer in comparison with other isomers is due to the presence of six intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The most stable bilirubin isomer has the lowest and the most unstable isomer has the highest electron–hole pair binding energy in the S1 excited state. The maximum absorption band for all studied isomers are related to the HOMO→LUMO and HOMO→LUMO+1 electron transfers due to the π→π* charge transfer while the weak peak of UV-Vis spectrum is related to the n→π* charge transfer. The main absorption wavelength in the bilirubin isomers around 400 nm for blue-purple light and its complementary color is yellow-orange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Microstructure Investigation and Mechanical Properties of Resistance Upset Butt Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Mahmood Sharifitabar -
Open Access Article
175 - Analysis of Material Flow and Phase Transformation in Friction Hydro-Pillar Processing of 1045 Steel
Moosa Sajed S. M. Hossein Seyedkashi -
Open Access Article
176 - Explaining superstitious behavior based on attachment styles and anxiety in the students of Bu Ali Sina University
Robabeh Azarmi Mehran Farhadi khosro rashid mosayeb Yarmohamadi VaselThe purpose of This study was the explaining of superstitious behavior based on attachment styles and anxiety. The design of this study was correlational in nature and the statistical population consisted of 12874 students of Bu'ali University based on the statistics of MoreThe purpose of This study was the explaining of superstitious behavior based on attachment styles and anxiety. The design of this study was correlational in nature and the statistical population consisted of 12874 students of Bu'ali University based on the statistics of the University of Bu'ali in the academic year of 2016-17. Among this population, 370 of them were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method using the sample size formula. In this study, we used superstitious behavior (researcher-made 1396) questionnaires, Hazan (1987) attachment styles, and Spielberger's (1970)state-trait anxiety and data was analyzed using Pearson-Product Moment correlation and multiple regression. The results revealed that anxiety can explain the superstitious behavior of the University students. Also attachment styles can explain this behavior. State anxiety cannot predict superstition, but trait anxiety can predict this behavior. Moreover, the avoidance style can predict superstition. The ambivalent attachment style predicts superstitious behavior more than that of the avoidance style. But secure attachment cannot predict this behavior. According to the findings, we can conclude that anxiety, especially trait anxiety, is effective in the creation of superstitious behavior. People with trait anxiety are highly prepared for this behavior. On the other hand, based on the previous research findings, the insecure attachment styles, especially the ambivalent ones, which are closely associated with anxiety, are involved in creating this behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Comparing the Teaching Skills of Graduate Teachers from Government, Azad and Payam-Noor University
سعید احمدی حسن خضریThis study aimed to compare the teaching skills of teachers graduated from Islamic Azad University, government and Payam-noor university . Teachers of persian language and literature who was employed formally in ministry of education and were teaching persian literatu MoreThis study aimed to compare the teaching skills of teachers graduated from Islamic Azad University, government and Payam-noor university . Teachers of persian language and literature who was employed formally in ministry of education and were teaching persian literature in academic year of 1386-1387 in Shiraz. 90 teachers (38 males and 52 females) and 900 students were selected through stratified random sampling. data collection was done by 28- item questionnaire (Likert-type with 5 option) in four sub-scales (before training, before and during training, during, during and after training). teachers graduated from Islamic Azad University had the highest mean score. difference between the skills during education (p=0/005), during and after training process (at p=0/009) was significant between the teachers graduated from Islamic Azad University, government and Payamnoor university. There was no significant difference between teaching skills before, befor and during training process and graduation University. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Designing a mathematics educational program based on the theory of generative learning for the students of the first state secondary school
Zahra Alizadeh Shahram Vahedi Rahim Badri Gargari Davoud Tahmasabzadeh SheikhlarLearning theories help to design the desired educational programs. Wittrock developed the theory of generative learning, which is one of these theories. In different educational systems, little attention has been paid to the new methods of mathematics education, and one MoreLearning theories help to design the desired educational programs. Wittrock developed the theory of generative learning, which is one of these theories. In different educational systems, little attention has been paid to the new methods of mathematics education, and one of these methods is education based on the theory of generative learning. The main objective of this research is to develop an educational program for teaching mathematical concepts to first-state secondary school students that will help the students develop a thorough understanding of the educational content of mathematics and in which the student actively participates in the learning process, creates meanings and relationships, and the teacher only serves as a facilitator. Metacomposition and a synthesis-research approach based on the seven-stage Sandelowski-Barroso model were used in this study to look into the research that had been done in this direction. The study area included 57 research articles according to the intended purpose, among which 19 articles and one thesis were selected using the Glynn tool. Concepts extracted from this study were summarised by the open coding method in the form of 131 concepts and 32 sub-categories, which finally resulted in 9 main categories. Then, according to the results obtained, a special math curriculum was designed for the first state secondary school. The content validity of the mathematics education curriculum was obtained using the Laushe method (P = 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Effects of Extract Melissa officinalis on WIN55, 212-2 Cannabinoid Agonists State-Dependent Learning in Male Mice
Raheleh Bargai Ramesh Ahmadi Saeideh PishgadamInroduction & Objective:Effects of CB1 cannabinoid agonists could activate Gabaergic neurotransmitter system and serotonergic in moulecular level, and their functional have knewn recognized in learning and memory. Mellisa officinalis has ability relaxation and GAB aergi MoreInroduction & Objective:Effects of CB1 cannabinoid agonists could activate Gabaergic neurotransmitter system and serotonergic in moulecular level, and their functional have knewn recognized in learning and memory. Mellisa officinalis has ability relaxation and GAB aergic properities were affected on stress and anxietyand through their terpenoid compounds and antioxidants were affected on learning and memory.Materials and Methods:Therefore, in this research effect of injection intraperitoneal extract hydro-alcoholic of Mellissa officinalis(25mg/kg) on WIN,55212-2(1,0.5mg/kg) cannabinoid agonists state dependent learning on male mice were checked. Model stepdown was checked on memory.Results:Injection of WIN 55, 212-2(1, 0.5mg/kg) intraperitoneally in group without stress has decreased memory and pretesting injection of WIN 55, 212-2(1,0.5mg/kg) intraperitoneally has increased memory. Pretraining injection of WIN 55, 212-2(1mg/kg) and pretest injection of extract hydro-alcholic of Mellisa officinalis(25mg/kg) has increased memory in male mice under restraint stress.ConclusionWIN 55, 212-2(1,0.5mg/kg) caused state dependent learning. It is probably that Mellisa officinalis according to Gabaergic properties and synaptic regulation cause to inhibitory effects of corticosterone on memory could increased learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - A critique Of Avicennas Account Of Mystical Precept
Monireh Seyed MazhariAvicenna, can be regarded as the most prominent of Islamic philosophers. Despite the fact that he lived in the medieval era, he did not follow the medieval line of thought. He was rather like Renaissance thinkers in opposing any sort of narrow-minded dogmatism and blind MoreAvicenna, can be regarded as the most prominent of Islamic philosophers. Despite the fact that he lived in the medieval era, he did not follow the medieval line of thought. He was rather like Renaissance thinkers in opposing any sort of narrow-minded dogmatism and blind imitation of the ancients as well as in relying on reason and experiment as the only touchstone of truth and never rejected a belief before he found conclusive evidence in its refutation and meanwhile regarded it as possible. That is why he considered the intuitive findings of mystics and the miracles of saints as logically possible and in some of his works sought to provide philosophical justifications for them. However drawing on evidence from Avicenna's life, we will to show that he never set foot on the path of mystic quest and neither did he adopt a Sufi's life style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Mystical States of Mind and Positions from IbnSina’s andQushayri’s Viewpoints
Mahmoud Baharvand SayyedHossain VaeziNormal0falsefalsefalseEN-USX-NONEAR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-pare MoreNormal0falsefalsefalseEN-USX-NONEAR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} > One of the important issues in practical mysticism is "mystical states of mind". In the way to become one with God, the disciple should achieve spiritual positions and experiences along with their preceptor and mentor; also, in this way, some spiritual states occur to them. The aim of the study is to show some of these states and spiritual positions from the viewpoints of IbnSina and Qushayri. The method of this study is a qualitative approach, and the content analysis is conducted using library resources. Some findings of this study reveal that in his mystical books, IbnSina has briefly argued some of these states and positions under the title of "Maqamat al-Aarefin" -- Mystics' Spritual Positions -- especially in the ninth section of "Esharat"-- Indications. Qushayri in his dissertation entitled "Qushayriyeh" has expressed some of the mystical states and positions in detail. The researcher has also analyzed and compared these two scholastic views by using analytic method. Other findings include the number of states and positions, their priority and hierarchy, the similarities and differences between these two scientists' comments about the mystical states and positions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Analysis and Study of Machiavelli’s Attitude of Man
Masoumeh Hajati mohammad akvan Amir MohebiyanThe present paper aims to explain and explore the human beings in Machiavelli's view. By studying Niccolo Machiavelli’s works, everyone realizes that man is a natural truth which should be defined by observing his behavior. Machiavelli interprets man as a contempo MoreThe present paper aims to explain and explore the human beings in Machiavelli's view. By studying Niccolo Machiavelli’s works, everyone realizes that man is a natural truth which should be defined by observing his behavior. Machiavelli interprets man as a contemporary biologist and this is the turning point of his view. Unlike his predecessors who described man from their own certain philosophical approaches, he considers man to be a purely material being in his direct action with society, state and destiny, regardless of Christian ethics. To Machiavelli, man and his destiny have lost their superior meanings and they make sense as a force within nature and in action with society, city, and state, so that it forms his political systematic structure. The analysis and study of Machiavelli’s attitude towards human beings is the focus of the present study which has been done in a library style and descriptive-analytic method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - State Space Approach to Electro-Magneto-Thermoelasticity with Energy Dissipation
S Biswas S. M Abo-Dahab -
Open Access Article
184 - A New Approach for Stress State - Dependent Flow Localization Failure Bounded Through Ductile Damage in Dynamically Loaded Sheets
F Hosseini Mansoub A Basti A Darvizeh A Zajkani -
Open Access Article
185 - Memory Response in Thermoelastic Plate with Three-Phase-Lag Model
S Biswas -
Open Access Article
186 - Simulation of Residual Stress and Distortion in Welded Carbon Steel Pipe by Considering Solid-State Phase Transformation
M. R Jahanban S FeliIn this paper, a sequentially coupled 3-D thermal-metallurgical-mechanical analysis is developed to predict welding residual stresses and distortion during single-pass tungsten inert gas arc welding (TIG) of low and medium carbon steel pipes (S45C and S15C). The axial a MoreIn this paper, a sequentially coupled 3-D thermal-metallurgical-mechanical analysis is developed to predict welding residual stresses and distortion during single-pass tungsten inert gas arc welding (TIG) of low and medium carbon steel pipes (S45C and S15C). The axial and hoop residual stresses and welding deformation by allowing volumetric change due to solid-state phase transformation are determined. In ABAQUS finite element simulation, the moving heat source is modeled by a user subroutine [DFLUX], and a user subroutine [UEXPAN] is applied for computing the fraction of martensite and volume change during heating and cooling. The simulation results show that for the S15C pipe, solid-state phase transformation has an insignificant effect on welding residual stress and distortion but for the S45C pipe the solid-state phase transformation reduces the axial residual stress in the fusion (FZ) and heat-affected zones (HAZ). Also, the sign of hoop residual stress changes in FZ, and its value of it decreases in HAZ. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Dynamics Analysis of the Steady and Transient States of a Nonlinear Piezoelectric Beam by a Finite Element Method
M Jabbari M Ghayour H.R Mirdamadi -
Open Access Article
188 - Static Analysis of Functionally Graded Annular Plate Resting on Elastic Foundation Subject to an Axisymmetric Transverse Load Based on the Three Dimensional Theory of Elasticity
A Behravan Rad A Alibeigloo S.S Malihi -
Open Access Article
189 - Plane Strain Deformation of a Poroelastic Half-Space Lying Over Another Poroelastic Half-Space
A Miglani N Kumari -
Open Access Article
190 - Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Directional Functionally Graded Panels and Comparative Modeling by ANN
H Khoshnoodi M.H Yas A Samadinejad -
Open Access Article
191 - Predicting financial statement fraud using fuzzy neural networks
Mohsen Rostamy-Malkhalifeh Maryam Amiri Mehrdad Mehrkam -
Open Access Article
192 - Identification the Periods of Formation and Bursting of Speculative Bubbles in Iranian Stock Market Using Quantitative Models
Seyed Ali Nabavi Chashmi Mohammad Reza Mahjoob -
Open Access Article
193 - The role of effective variables on the relationship between tax avoidance and investment efficiency
Nazanin Bashirimanesh Zohreh Arefmanesh -
Open Access Article
194 - Designing Prediction Model of Financial Restatements Using Neural-Genetic Simulation Algorithm
Sasan Mehrani Akbar Rahimi poorThe increased number of restatements in recent years has increased the wor-ries about the quality of financial reporting among the beneficiary groups. The pres-ence of prior period adjustments and, subsequently, the financial restatements have a negative impact on the r MoreThe increased number of restatements in recent years has increased the wor-ries about the quality of financial reporting among the beneficiary groups. The pres-ence of prior period adjustments and, subsequently, the financial restatements have a negative impact on the relatedness and reliability of the financial state-ments. The present study is aimed to present an appropriate criterion for predict-ing the financial restatements based on the Beneish model and its indices in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock & Exchange between 2009 and 2020. For this purpose, a total of 265 companies were selected considering the limitations. Also, the model estimation was per-formed using Beneish's primary model, a meta-heuristic neural network model, and optimization through genetic programming. As indicated by the obtained results based on the confusion matrix, the efficiency of the pro-posed model derived from the enhanced Beneish model with a genetic algo-rithm(S – 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒) had a total prediction accuracy of 73.21%, which was the highest prediction power compared to the Beneish Model . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Financial Statement Comparability and the Expected Crash Risk of Stock Prices
Barhram Parsa Fatemeh Sarraf -
Open Access Article
196 - Mining a Set of Rules for Determining the Waiting Time for Selling Residential Units
Farshid Abdi Shaghayegh Abolmakarem -
Open Access Article
197 - Designing a Positioning Model for State Banks' Services and its Validation from the Perspective of External Customers
Zohreh Kian Mehr Hossein Hakimpour Mahdi Mahmoodzadeh Vashan Mohammad Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
198 - Prioritizing the Dimensions, Components and Indicators of the Intellectual Capital Model in State Banks with the Competency Approach of Managers
Abouzar Hatami Ghoushchi Karamolah Daneshfard Abbas Toloui Ashlaghi Fereydon Rahnamay Roodposhti -
Open Access Article
199 - The Effcacy of Cognitive – Emotional Religious Therapy on Positive Psychological States in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Fatemeh RahnamaThe purpose of the current research was to examine cognitive- emotional religious therapy (RCET) on positive psychological states in chronic kidney disease patients. The research was a semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group. The sample inc MoreThe purpose of the current research was to examine cognitive- emotional religious therapy (RCET) on positive psychological states in chronic kidney disease patients. The research was a semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group. The sample included 40 patients whom were selected via convenience sampling method. The subjects were assigned randomly into two experimental and control groups, 20 individuals each. The experimental group was exposed to 15 cognitive- emotional religious therapy (RCET) sessions 90 minutes each. Control group received none. Positive Psychological States Questionnaire (Nessaie, Rajaei and Khoei Nezhad 1390) was implemented to collect data. Multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied to analyze data. The results revealed a statically signifcant difference between control and experimental groups concerning the positive psychological states. The research came to the end that the cognitive- emotional religious therapy (RCET) as new approach incremented the spirituality and problem solving in confronting human suffering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Effective Factors on Decisionmaking of Public administrators
Mohammad salim Karimi Adel Salavati behroz zarei kumars ahmadiMost government organizations either do not have a model for the decision-making system in the organization or the designed model has not been adjusted due to political, social and cultural changes. Therefore, most organizations are based on trial and error or based on MoreMost government organizations either do not have a model for the decision-making system in the organization or the designed model has not been adjusted due to political, social and cultural changes. Therefore, most organizations are based on trial and error or based on the individual perspective of managers. This has made the success and failure of government organizations highly dependent on the individual tastes of managers. This issue has been considered as one of the issues determining the success of government organizations and due to lack of full attention to it or lack of comprehensive studies in this field, it has not been possible to achieve organizational goals. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a model for explaining the decision-making system in state organizations. Given the qualitative nature of the study, after library research and reviewing the related literature, in-depth interviews with experts are conducted. The outcomes are analyzed in the light of the Delphi method. In first, 93 indicators identified to explaining the decision-making system. After checking the indicators by experts, only 76 indicators were verified. According to the results of this research model, it was found that the most important components in managers' decision-making were, respectively, the priorities of "correct definition of the proble", "high motivation and self-confidence", "personal knowledge and experience", "effective scheduling mechanisms, timely design and implementation of decisions," and "experimental execution of decisions before final implementation of decisions". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Identification and Evaluation of Employer Brand Components in Iran's Small Industries (Case Study of Active Companies in Industrial Towns of East Azerbaijan Province)
Amir Laleh Hosein Gharabiglo mojtaba ramazani Soleyman IranzadehToday in organizations, it is not enough to satisfy the customer or honor the superiors and focus on successful sales to maintain a competitive position in the market, and therefore, organizations must develop the necessary strategies to attract and maintain efficient a MoreToday in organizations, it is not enough to satisfy the customer or honor the superiors and focus on successful sales to maintain a competitive position in the market, and therefore, organizations must develop the necessary strategies to attract and maintain efficient and effective human resources. adopt Without having efficient human resources, the organization will not be able to transform, develop and excel and achieve the set goals. The way to achieve this is to develop the organization's management and leadership and create an effective structure for managing the employer brand. This research aims to evaluate the variables of the employer brand in the active companies of the industrial towns of East Azerbaijan province and evaluate the effectiveness of each of the components in these companies. The current research is of quantitative and qualitative type, first the variables were screened and verified by Delphi method, and then in the quantitative stage, using software JMP and the causal-comparative method, and using the factor effectiveness of the variables. The employer brand is done. results showed that the component of training to improve quality has the lowest factor contribution with a coefficient of determination (0.246) and the highest factor contribution is related to the use of participatory management with a value of (1.000). The highest correlation with other components is related to the indicator of training according to the needs of employees with a value of 0.880 and the lowest correlation is related to the use of participatory management with a value of 0.246. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - An Investigation on the Impact of the Financial Ratios and Growth Rates on Future Abnormal Stock Returns (Case Study: Companies Listed in the Cement Industry)
Delir Nasera-badai Bizhan Khazduzi Omid Mahmoudi KhoshrooThis survey has been done among companies listed in the cement industry in Tehran Stock Exchange during eight years from 1380 to1388. The paper studies the effect of the simultaneous use of financial ratios and growth rates on future stock returns which is proven unusua MoreThis survey has been done among companies listed in the cement industry in Tehran Stock Exchange during eight years from 1380 to1388. The paper studies the effect of the simultaneous use of financial ratios and growth rates on future stock returns which is proven unusual. The data has been collected by using the new software named: “Rahavard Novin”. The results are based on the after event method and using F and T-tests and linear regression statistical analysis. The results show that the hypothesis has not been confirmed yet. That is, the use of financial ratios and growth rates do not affect future abnormal stock returns simultaneously. Using stepwise regression test, the final model was driven. Thus, only the operational ratios do not have simultaneous effects on the use of financial ratios. Finally, the results obtained from the overall test of the research hypotheses do not confirm the simultaneous impact of the financial ratios on future abnormal stock returns. However, the items in the financial statements reflect the accrual impact of items of financial statements on the process of economic decision making, the influence of the information content of all items is not the same. In other words, liquidity ratios have the highest effect and other ratios like profitability, investment and operational ratios reportedly have high effects on the abnormal stock returns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Evaluation of the performance of state and non-state Jihadi management in the implementation of the fundamental transformation document of the education system of West Azarbaijan province
Masoud Ghahremani Simin KhalandpourIntroduction and purpose: Education is one of the most important infrastructures for the all-round excellence of the country and the fundamental structure for the promotion of competent human capital in various fields. Therefore, the current research has been conducted MoreIntroduction and purpose: Education is one of the most important infrastructures for the all-round excellence of the country and the fundamental structure for the promotion of competent human capital in various fields. Therefore, the current research has been conducted with the aim of evaluating the performance of state and non-state Jihadi management in the implementation of the fundamental transformation document of the education system of West Azarbaijan province. Research methodology: This research is a cross-sectional survey in terms of method and time frame of data collection. The statistical population of state and non-state education managers of West Azarbaijan province includes 4690 and 1217 people, respectively, and a random sample of 360 people was selected using the Cochran formula. A researcher-made questionnaire was used. Validity was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis and reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha and using SPSS software. Findings: The average optimal performance of state and non-state Jihadi management, respectively, is related to the variables of Islamic-Iranian growth and excellence; training amiable followers of a school of thought; promotion of social-family participation in the evolution of public formal education and training system; institutionalization of Islamic-Iranian management, promotion of educational-training justice; improvement of the efficiency of the public formal education and training system; achieving the first rank of education and training in the region, the Islamic world and the global level; the transformation of the educational, administrative and financial planning system. Conclusion: All hypotheses were confirmed. The results indicate that the performance of state and non-state Jihadi management in the implementation of the fundamental transformation document of the education system is favorable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Investigating the Role of Humor of Manager in Organizational Evolution with the Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Happy Child Ego State of Employees (Case Study: Education Department of West Azerbaijan Province)
احمد اسدزاده مسلم یوسفی عبداله دهقانی سهراب احمدزادهIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between humor of manager and organizational evolution with respect to the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation and the happy child ego state of employees. Research Methodology: The statist MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between humor of manager and organizational evolution with respect to the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation and the happy child ego state of employees. Research Methodology: The statistical population in this study is 197 employees of Education department of West Azerbaijan Province who were selected by available sampling method. This descriptive study was applied in terms of purpose and was done with a survey method. In order to analyze the data, the partial least squares method and Smart PLS 2 software were used. A standard 36-question questionnaire based on an ordinal scale and a five-point Likert scale was used to collect data. The findings indicate that measurement tools have good validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient is more than 0.7 for all research structures. Findings: The results indicate that humor of manager has a positive and significant effect on the evolution of the organization. There is also a positive and significant effect between the variables of humor of manager and entrepreneurial orientation and happy child ego state. Also, the entrepreneurial orientation and happy child ego state of the employees have a positive and significant effect on the evolution of the organization. Finally, it can be said that happy child ego state plays a mediating role between humor of manager and organizational evolution, but the entrepreneurial orientation does not play a mediating role between these two variables. Conclusion: Nowadays, different styles of humor are used in different organizations, and since hierarchical models are used with high formality in the education system, it seems that the models of humor can be effective in achieving desirable mental states, entrepreneurship and organizational evolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Presenting Structural Model of Emotional Eating by Predicting of Trait-State Anxiety with the Mediating Role of Emotional processing in People with Obesity
Seyyed Abbas Haghayegh Ashraf Babakhanlou Fardin moradi manesh Akram DehghaniThe research method was cross-sectional type of correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of all obese people referring to health centers and diets in Tehran in 1398, of which 378 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Research tools MoreThe research method was cross-sectional type of correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of all obese people referring to health centers and diets in Tehran in 1398, of which 378 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Research tools were Emotional Eating Duch's (1986), Trait-State Anxiety Spiel-Berger's (1970) and Emotional Processing Bakker et al.'s (2010) Questionnaire. Data analysis and analysis of SPSS-V23 and Lisrel-V8.8 software were used. Structural equation modeling was used to answer the research hypotheses. The results showed that there was a significant direct and negative effect on emotional well-being between trait-state anxiety. There is a significant indirect and negative effect on emotional processing between trait-state anxiety. There is also a significant indirect and negative effect on emotional processing between emotional processing. Therefore, it can be concluded that trait-state anxiety affects emotional eating with the Mediating Role of emotional processing in obese individuals. The findings support the existence of underlying psychological mechanisms in the development of obesity. Therefore, attention to these variables helps researchers and therapists to prevent and design more appropriate therapies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - The consequences of the western lifestyle and the ways to deal with it in the statements of the supreme leader of the revolution
mohammad sharifaniIn fact, the lifestyle includes all the states of human life from birth to death, based on which a person has a special way that is either derived from a school or has happened to societies over time. Lifestyle includes many things such as food, clothing, health, housin MoreIn fact, the lifestyle includes all the states of human life from birth to death, based on which a person has a special way that is either derived from a school or has happened to societies over time. Lifestyle includes many things such as food, clothing, health, housing, customs, culture and social relations and has three types of worldly lifestyle, western lifestyle and divine lifestyle. The divine lifestyle is taken from the religion of Islam and it is the best style that does not go the way of extremes or exaggerations but of moderation. But unfortunately, we are witnessing the expansion of the western lifestyle among the youth. This issue has been carefully considered by the Supreme Leader, and he has proposed consequences such as provoking conflicts among Muslims, activating evangelistic activities (Christianization), creating conflicts and differences among young people in his statements, and solutions such as loving hearts. Internationally, they have raised the necessity of controlling extremism and Islamic awakening to reduce the western lifestyle, which has been addressed in this article with a descriptive-analytical method and with library tools, with the aim of recognizing the harms and opportunities that arise from the lifestyle. Life affects the social and political system, identify and design the necessary decisions and strategies for it. One of the findings of the article is that the Islamic world needs awakening, but it faces two big obstacles: the first obstacle is the colonialists who look at them as markets and tools and do their best to divert the awakening of Muslims. They give, among other things, the strengthening of reactionary, fanatical and backward Muslims in all places, and secondly, there are autocratic rulers who acted as agents of colonialism and did not refrain from any action to stay in power, and while destroying and destroying their society and people, they tried They will be in power for a few more days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - theeffectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy in characters such as State self-esteemand and fear of negative evaluation on high school students of Bushehr
Naser Zare Yousef Dehghani Seyed Mousa GolestanehThe purpose of this study is theeffectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on high school students in characters such as State self-esteemand fear of negative evaluation.The population includes all students enrolled in special high schools in Dashti Township in Bushehr MoreThe purpose of this study is theeffectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on high school students in characters such as State self-esteemand fear of negative evaluation.The population includes all students enrolled in special high schools in Dashti Township in Bushehr Province. 30 students were randomly selected and assigned to the experimental and the control group. The experimental group received 8 sessions intervention but control group received no intervention. Data include the self-esteem scaleand the scale of fear of negative evaluation. The Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance Statistical analysis of research hypotheses confirmed the hypothesis of the study. It suggests that there is a significant difference in the components of the self-esteemand fear of negative evaluation of the test students group who had received CBT, in comparison to the control group that did not receive any therapy. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the state of self-esteemand fear of negative evaluation Therefore, it can be stated that cognitive behavioral therapy worked to improve self-esteemand fear of negative evaluation of the experimental group in comparison to the control group was effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - A critical review of descriptive verbs
fatemeh taghinezhadThe verb is used in two ways in the Persian language, which is used all the time and contains the person, time and individuals who call it a mere verb and a verb that is without time and person, that is, for all times and all Persons, in one form. The verb and the descr MoreThe verb is used in two ways in the Persian language, which is used all the time and contains the person, time and individuals who call it a mere verb and a verb that is without time and person, that is, for all times and all Persons, in one form. The verb and the descriptive aspect of the Persian grammar have been discussed and a lot of theories have been applied. According to the findings, it is deduced that a structural defect is both an adjective and an adjective attribute, and in a sentence, plays the role of an attribute or a condition of a state that can be applied to verbs with specific verbs, with verbs It will no longer be in the companion sentence, but it will not be substituted and equivalent with all verbs. In this research, we try to examine the significant number of writers in relation to the descriptive aspect, the verb, and the forms that are considered in these two cases, as well as to show how the form of a descriptor becomes a descriptive verb and How does the verb come together with other verbs and whether the comedy is a substitute for a meaning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Identification and ranking of intellectual capital components in state-owned banks of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Behzad Zareian moradabadi Alireza Eslamboulchi kambiz hamidi tohfe ghobadilamoukiThe aim of this study was to identify and rank the components of intellectual capital in state-owned banks of the Islamic Republic of Iran in order to take steps to better manage these investments. This research is in terms of combined method and in terms of exploratory MoreThe aim of this study was to identify and rank the components of intellectual capital in state-owned banks of the Islamic Republic of Iran in order to take steps to better manage these investments. This research is in terms of combined method and in terms of exploratory-applied purpose. The statistical population of the study was the senior managers of state-owned banks in the country, and 17 of them were selected as sample members using the snowball sampling method. The results of the research consist of 2 parts: in the first part, a set of intellectual capital was identified and in the second part, the importance and priority of each capital was determined. Due to structured interviews with experts, the use of experts' opinions in conducting interviews and the fact that the difference between the fuzzy mean of the two stages is less than 0.1, the present study has good reliability, so in the present study, experts, experts and Were experts in the field of research, as a result of the research, the content is valid. The results show that the components of human capital, organizational intelligence, competitive intelligence, value creation, customer orientation, relationship capital, structural capital, innovation capital, leadership and knowledge management are the most important intellectual assets of state-owned banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Prioritization and weighting of factors on the reduction of safety performance in mines based on the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method (Study case: Sirjan iron ore mines)
Somayeh Rashidi sajad zare ida tayebiyanPlanning in organizations pays attention to safe operation for the purpose of moving the organization towards reducing occupational accidents and diseases and preventing the wastage of resources. Safety performance refers to the set of actions and behaviors that they pe MorePlanning in organizations pays attention to safe operation for the purpose of moving the organization towards reducing occupational accidents and diseases and preventing the wastage of resources. Safety performance refers to the set of actions and behaviors that they perform to maintain and improve the safety and health level of themselves and their colleagues. In this research, identification and prioritization of the active factors of work safety (the case study of iron ore mines in Sirjan) were carried out. This research was applied and in terms of strategy, survey and statistical sample of the research were 12 safety managers and experts working in the mines of Sirjan city, who were selected through non-random and purposeful sampling. The tools of data collection were semi-structured interviews and letters, and to analyze the questions, the technique of analyzing disordered situations and its approach and the combined approach of hierarchical analysis and the methods of preference for similarity to the ideal solution are used. Based on the findings, the lack of allocation of the necessary budget for safety programs, the lack of specialist staff in the fields and direct treatments, training and equipment by direct safety specialists has taken the value in the relative index and has the greatest effect in reducing it. They are a safety function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - A synthesis of training self-assessment and Shannon entropy in training need assessment of managers
Mostafa Hadavinejad Zohreh AdhamiIn order to successful environmental confrontation, managers should be equipped to required knowledge and skills and this will be reached through appropriate training. Not only successful organizations don’t look at organizational training as waste cost, but also MoreIn order to successful environmental confrontation, managers should be equipped to required knowledge and skills and this will be reached through appropriate training. Not only successful organizations don’t look at organizational training as waste cost, but also focus on it so that promote their human resource capabilities and reach competitive advantage. Effective training depends on appropriate training needs assessment. There are a lot of different methods used to assess training needs in organizations. The main origins of differences are first, diverse methods in gathering and analyzing data, and second the reference of assessing training needs in organizations. However, there is a consensus that an appropriate method for need assessment should has a theoretical and measurement accuracy, yet be free of dysfunctional complexity. For this reason, the presented study has introduced a mixed method of training self-assessment and Shannon entropy in training need assessment of managers conducted on 172 top and middle managers in 17 companies of Rafsanjan industrial estate. Training self-assessment and Shannon entropy were used to gather training needs and determine importance coefficients respectively. As a result, a pool of training need assessment of managers was explored on which needs were arranged based on priorities of importance coefficients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Evaluating the effectiveness of training courses and exploring the improvement instructions: A usage of the follow-up explanations model
Mostafa Hadavinejad Fariba HeydariSome organizations invest a lot on employee’s training so that improve performance and productivity, but sometimes that is not effective. So, evaluating effectiveness of training courses and exploring their improvement instructions seems important. In this regard, MoreSome organizations invest a lot on employee’s training so that improve performance and productivity, but sometimes that is not effective. So, evaluating effectiveness of training courses and exploring their improvement instructions seems important. In this regard, our study is established in Rafsanjan Industrial Estate companies using follow-up explanations model of mixed methods. To this end, first Kirkpatrick questionnaire that it’s content validity and reliability were verified before, was distributed among a sample of 156 learners. In order to test the effectiveness of courses, one-sample t test were used. The post hoc tests were done using one-way ANOVA. All test were done in SPSS. Then, improvement instructions were explored through deep open interviews with a sample of 68 learners. Interviews were continued up to theoretical saturation and data were analyzed via MAXQDA. Results showed that effectiveness of held training courses and its aspects (reaction, learning, behavior, and results) were located on a variable domain of middle to much base on different demographic variables in a 95 percent confidence level. Moreover, some instructions about time, site, title, and executive organization of training courses were presented base on research findings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Linking the state of the audience in the philosophy of listening to Sohrvardi with performance art.
azarnoosh gilaniThroughout history, there have been few poets, philosophers, or sages who have not mentioned music and Sama' in their written works. Shahab al-Din Sohrevardi, as one of the philosophers of the Islamic world, also had a special view of the states of the listener (audienc MoreThroughout history, there have been few poets, philosophers, or sages who have not mentioned music and Sama' in their written works. Shahab al-Din Sohrevardi, as one of the philosophers of the Islamic world, also had a special view of the states of the listener (audience) while listening to music and Sama'. He begins his discussion of music and Sama' with the concept of the audience and state. This approach to Sama' is unique. Performance art is one of the most controversial and fascinating trends in contemporary art. In performance art, the artist performs his/her work live in front of the audience. Performance art has always developed alongside literature, poetry, music, architecture, and painting. This research attempts to answer the following question: What is the nature of the audience in music and Sama' in Sohrevardi's view, and how is it connected to the audience in performance art? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - On Politics in Islam: a non-state-based inquiry
Hamid Malekzadeh Maryam ShamsaeiIn this paper, we will attempt to establish, in a phenomenological study, an ontological relationship between the pre-contemplative lifestyles of a people and politics that make it possible to understand the concept of political ontology in conjunction with the fundamen MoreIn this paper, we will attempt to establish, in a phenomenological study, an ontological relationship between the pre-contemplative lifestyles of a people and politics that make it possible to understand the concept of political ontology in conjunction with the fundamental concept of lifestyle. In this framework, we will try to show how this neither the Islamic state, whether it is the prophet of the Prophet or the Imam of the innocent, or whether the Shi'a or Sunni cleric, but the Muslim soul, was in the way of life or form of It is a question of joining the world that represents the religion of Islam as a political entity. We will discuss the ways of joining the world and the specific system of physical control that make different political identities by studying prayer and its logical interactions. We will finally show how prayer, especially as a collective sanction, is a form of identity or political distinction. We will try to study the relationship between the concept of friendship, its Aristotelian meaning, and prayer-related politics. We will also show how prayer, like other religious practices, can be in the form of collective relations as a democratic basis for forming political identity, or as we see in the radical Democracy of Chantal Moff. We will try to turn the concept of prayer into the theoretical foundation for formulating the concept of a socially Muslim way in a political recitation of Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Constitutionalism in Political Thought of Mirza Yousef-Khan Mostashar Al-Dowleh
ramin alborzi Massoud GhaffariNineteen century in Iran was the birth period of "The Iranian modernity". In the process of modernizing of Iranian society, two groups played the main role, the intellectuals outside the circle of power and the bureaucrats inside the government. Mirza Yousef K MoreNineteen century in Iran was the birth period of "The Iranian modernity". In the process of modernizing of Iranian society, two groups played the main role, the intellectuals outside the circle of power and the bureaucrats inside the government. Mirza Yousef Khan Mostashar Al-Dowleh (1823-1895AD) was one of the most important modernists of that era, whose treatise "One word" is one of the best texts written in the pre-constitutional era about the importance of paying attention to the constitutionalism of modernism in Iran. The theoretical framework of the article is based on two main paradigms of constitutionalism (the interpretation of the rule of law based on natural rights and the interpretation of the rule of law based on state-oriented rights) and the research method is the "analytical-historical" method. From the analysis and interpretation of the content of Mirza Mostashar's treatise in this article, it was concluded that the fundamental intellectual concern of Mirza Yousef Khan Mostashar Al-Dowleh and his main goal of writing his treatise is the establishment of a modern legal institution (establishing the rule of law) based on natural rights inspired by the declaration of human rights. He was in Iran, but at the same time, he tried to use the capabilities of the traditional legal system of Iran (jurisprudence) in the framework of the modern epistemological understanding of law to build a modern legal system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - The Idea of Modernization in the Context of Modern State and Revolutionary Movement in Contemporary Iran
saeed hajinaseri sadegh zafari hatam khaniThe main idea‏ ‏of this paper is to investigate the relationship of ‎conflicting forces, ‎each of which has looked at modernization ‎differently. During the first and second ‎Pahlavi periods, the idea of‏ ‏‏modernization was interpret MoreThe main idea‏ ‏of this paper is to investigate the relationship of ‎conflicting forces, ‎each of which has looked at modernization ‎differently. During the first and second ‎Pahlavi periods, the idea of‏ ‏‏modernization was interpreted by the sovereignty as ‎establishing a ‎modern state and defining new tasks and structures for the state. ‎‎Interpreting modernization as such, in the years leading to the ‎revolution by the ‎Pahlavi, intellectuals criticized this approach. They ‎were looking for a different form of ‎state contrary to Pahlavi's state. ‎Thus, the question is, what type of state were they ‎looking for? To do ‎so, we used the historical-comparative sociological method to probe ‎‎the question. The conclusion is that the modern state raises the ‎modernization idea, and ‎this identification between the two, perhaps, ‎is from the results of the post-‎constitutional era. In the years ‎following September 1941 and 1960-70, intellectuals ‎criticized ‎Pahlavi's modernization and, consequently, annihilated the modern ‎state with ‎all its structures and mechanisms.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Khaja Nizam al-Molk and the Iranshahi Concept
Shoja Ahmadvand Ali SaediannejadThe Idea of Iranshahi was a collection of ideas about politics, in Anceint Iran, and was reproduced in the thought of the Islamic thinkers such as Khaja Nizam al-Molk. Due to its relationship with religion, politics acquired a sacred nature and the king, as the represen MoreThe Idea of Iranshahi was a collection of ideas about politics, in Anceint Iran, and was reproduced in the thought of the Islamic thinkers such as Khaja Nizam al-Molk. Due to its relationship with religion, politics acquired a sacred nature and the king, as the representative of God, was distinguished from other members of the society. The Shah had the special task of establishing order and justice. Historically, the first of this royal system was created by the Medes, and the Achaemenids presented it as a complete universal system. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to know how this type of politics is reproduced in the thought of Khaja Nizam al-Mulk Tusi, who was the prime inister of the Seljuk government for thirty years. The data of the article, has been analyzed with the Quentin Skinner hermenutics. In this method, we concentrate on both the text and the context. The finding of the research is that by policy of Iranshahi, Khaja was to establish a balanced government, in which ruler had to expand order and justice in the society in order to maintain and extend his power. The result of the article is that the Shah of Iran should be thinking of maintaining power through order, justice, and religion expansion, and it is only in this way that he can overcome various crises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - The Crisis of Democracy and New Leviathan(Book Review Democracy and Moral Conflict)
Behnam JoudiThis article reviews the book Democracy and Moral Conflict Written by Robert B. Talisse. Talisse in the crisis of democracy, which is a Hobbesian natural state, offered the alternative to the standard views of democratic political philosophers who believe that the democ MoreThis article reviews the book Democracy and Moral Conflict Written by Robert B. Talisse. Talisse in the crisis of democracy, which is a Hobbesian natural state, offered the alternative to the standard views of democratic political philosophers who believe that the democracy derived from some decidedly moral commitment. But he argued, there is good reason to think that, under current conditions, these values among citizens are essentially controversial. By contrast, the case for democratic politics which he proposed in this book draws from principles that are epistemic rather than moral and he called it folk epistemology. Talisse is a liberal democratic philosopher, but his method and solution to this crisis is Hobbesian, the separation of ethics and politics. However, he did not propose 'absolute state', but 'dialogical democracy'. Hence, a dialogical democracy requires the state to pursue the cultivation of certain epistemic capabilities among its citizens. Talisse's alternative is Hobbesian: New Leviathan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Analyzing the legal status of high officials in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America
hedieh sadat mirtorabi ehsan aghamohamadaghaeeReferring to the legal structure of official and legal authorities in political systems is a question that can be answered by reflecting on the philosophical-political thought of the separation of powers and also by analyzing the text of the constitution of political sy MoreReferring to the legal structure of official and legal authorities in political systems is a question that can be answered by reflecting on the philosophical-political thought of the separation of powers and also by analyzing the text of the constitution of political systems. In the American presidential system, the president is considered as the embodiment of unity and has a clear superiority over other heads of state. Also, extraordinary power has been given to the president in the following matters: implementing laws and monitoring their good implementation, directing the country's foreign policy and commanding the armed forces. This is despite the fact that in Iran's legal system, according to the requirements of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the position of leadership is the highest official and political position of the Constitution. In the meantime, the texture and structure of the constitution has been composed in such a way that it is not only limited to the cases mentioned in principles 110 and 112, but also any matter of public affairs, provided that it is within the framework of Islamic standards and is subject to public interest. be included in the aforementioned authority. Considering the political structure of the two legal systems of Iran and the United States, this article evaluates these two authorities through the lens of the Constitution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - A comparative study of the rule of negation of mustache from the point of view of Imamiyyah and Sunni jurists
Hossein Bakhshi shahrokh abadi Alireza Askari Seyyed Mohammad Mehdi AhmadiIn this research, it is devoted to the study of "the application of the rule of negation of mustache from the viewpoint of Shiite and Sunni scholars".The findings of the research indicate that the rules and principles of the Imami jurisprudence and the jurisprudence of MoreIn this research, it is devoted to the study of "the application of the rule of negation of mustache from the viewpoint of Shiite and Sunni scholars".The findings of the research indicate that the rules and principles of the Imami jurisprudence and the jurisprudence of the four Sunni sects regarding the issue of the rule of negation of the mustache, the principle of adherence to agreements and treaties, the rule of invitation, the rule of intimacy and brotherhood in relation to Islamic countries, peace Izzat Madar, the principle of preserving the system, Dar al-Islam and Jihad, and the viewpoints and points of view and the quality of reasoning were mentioned along with the mention of their evidence, and to reach the views of the jurists of the two religions, drawing rules and principles for it is very helpful.The results of the research showed that the Sunni experts said about the concept of negation of the mustache, the meaning of the negation of the mustache is the negation of proof and argument for the unbelievers on the Day of Judgment. Some said that it is negating the power that can destroy the government and the faith of the believers. Some said it is negation of enemies' rule; provided that they do not advise each other to falsehood, and give up evil deeds, and repent of their sins, and some have expressed another meaning. In Shia, according to Ibn Abbas and Yasa Hazrami, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - realization of distributive justice to eliminate poverty and deprivation; Commitment to the duty of the government or commitment to the goal based on Islamic principles
Kazem Aliyon Kheirollah Parvin Mostafa SerajiInvestigating government obligations is one of the important topics in the field of public law studies. The commitment to achieve distributive justice is also one of the duties and obligations of governments to eliminate poverty and deprivation in societies. In the syst MoreInvestigating government obligations is one of the important topics in the field of public law studies. The commitment to achieve distributive justice is also one of the duties and obligations of governments to eliminate poverty and deprivation in societies. In the system of the Islamic Republic, this type of commitment derived from Islamic teachings has become the governing spirit of the Constitution and the ultimate and essential goal of the government arising from it. Despite this, the evidence shows that distributive justice has not been realized not only in Iran's society after the Islamic Revolution; Rather, the occurrence of a deep class gap and the accumulation and monopoly of wealth and power will lead the society to decline and collapse? The problem is, what causes and factors have caused such anomalous conditions in the religious and revolutionary society of Iran? In response to the question raised, the findings of this research, which were obtained using the descriptive, analytical and argumentative method, show that the obligations contained in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran are often of the "obligation by means" type, that is, efforts To prepare the work without achieving the result, while the government's commitments will achieve the desired result when it moves towards "commitment to the goal". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - investigating the relationship between Spiritual Intelligence of accountant and quality of financial statements
Matineh Parsian Rahmatollah Mohammadipour Seyed Keyvan KhatamyInvestigating the Relationship Between Intelligent Intelligence of Accountants and the Quality of Financial StatementsAbstractPurpose: The impact of types of intelligence on performance in different domains has been investigated. In the meantime, spiritual intelligence MoreInvestigating the Relationship Between Intelligent Intelligence of Accountants and the Quality of Financial StatementsAbstractPurpose: The impact of types of intelligence on performance in different domains has been investigated. In the meantime, spiritual intelligence and its dimensions are an interesting topic that has recently been investigated in the field of behavioral finance and its impact on different variables. In this research, the quality of financial statements is considered as a dependent variable. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between accounting intelligence and the quality of financial statements.Design/methodology/approach: To collect theoretical foundations of information about literature explanation, the subject matter of the research has been used through library and documentary studies. To obtain the required information, in order to collect the research hypotheses, data was collected for the variables in addition to the questionnaire of the codal site. The hypothesis testing method in this study is using structural equations using Smart-PLS software.Findings: The hypothesis test showed that there is a significant relationship between the spiritual intelligence of accountants and the quality of financial statements. Also, there is a significant relationship between consciousness, internal orientation, meaning and concept, truth and honesty, and the integrity and integrity of accountants with the quality of financial statements. There is no significant relationship between goodness and the existence and character of accountants with the quality of financial statements.Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that the dimensions of spiritual intelligence in accountants affect the quality of financial statements, which requires that corporate managers, through innovation and innovation, enhance the dimensions of spiritual intelligence that can be matched in line with Improved quality of financial statements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Identifying effective factors on Educational Entrepreneurship in State Public Universities
Vahid Soltanzadeh Mohammadreza Ardalan siroos ghanbariBackground: One Issues of necessity Consider it in the higher education system Feels Educational Entrepreneurship Is, Universities because Be able as a key element In order to take the comprehensive development of the country need to develop entrepreneurship education a MoreBackground: One Issues of necessity Consider it in the higher education system Feels Educational Entrepreneurship Is, Universities because Be able as a key element In order to take the comprehensive development of the country need to develop entrepreneurship education and to identify factors affecting for it. Purpose: Current study with the aim of identification Factors affecting Educational Entrepreneurship at public universities in the country it is done. Method: The research method was mixed (qualitative - quantitative), in the qualitative part of qualitative content analysis with inductive approach and in the quantitative part the descriptive-survey method was used. Statistical population of research in the qualitative part experts he was an expert in entrepreneurship, educational management, educational planning and curriculum planning and higher education management in the country, and Sampling method in qualitative section purposeful and In a little cluster section It was multi-stage a total of 225 individuals were selected for the study. The quantitative section included all students in the educational sciences department of state universities. To determine the sample size Intended cochran formula was used. Research data collection tool in the qualitative part of the semi-structured interview and in a little part questionnaire It was made by a researcher. Formal validity The content of the questionnaire was approved by experts and professors. The value of content validity ratio or CVR indexes was 0.79 and content validity index or CVI was 0.61 The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.90. Data analysis through exploratory factor analysis in SPSS21 software. Results: The results showed that six factors economic structure (3 sub factors), cultural structure (3 sub factors), social structure (2 sub factors), educational structure (4 sub factors), external environment structure (2 sub factors) and individual characteristics (2 sub factors) on development of educational entrepreneurship in public universities were effective. Conclusion: The results showed that educational entrepreneurship is influenced by several factors these factors are spread across six macroeconomic, social, cultural, educational, external and individual environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - The Role of Managers’ Transformational Leadership Style in Predicting Employees’ Social Entrepreneurship: A Comparative Study of State and Private Universities of Mashhad
Abbas Arab Mohamad Reza Ahanchian Hossein Kareshki Background: The need for social entrepreneurship as to reduce the impact of the hardship on vulnerable groups is a vital task and given that many social and environmental issues are time-sensitive, failure to recognize the importance of social entrepreneurship an More Background: The need for social entrepreneurship as to reduce the impact of the hardship on vulnerable groups is a vital task and given that many social and environmental issues are time-sensitive, failure to recognize the importance of social entrepreneurship and the lack of adequate support is a huge mistake. Objectives: The purpose of this research was the studying the role of transformational leadership style of managers in predicting staff social entrepreneurship and also implementation and comparison of state universities with private universities in this respect in Mashhad. Methods: Research methods was descriptive - survey of the correlation type (Regression). The research had two statistical populations that includes all permanent and temporary employees in staff units in the state and private universities in Mashhad with at least three years of experience and six months of work experience with their superiors in the 2011-2012 academic years. The sample of state universities was Ferdowsi University and sample of private universities was Khayyam and Sajjad universities that were selected purposively. The numbers of cases were 145, 25 and 19 respectively. The research instruments were two questionnaires Bass & Avolio (1985) Transformational Leadership style questionnaire (TLSQ) and social entrepreneurship questionnaire made by researcher according to Dees's theory (1998) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was for TLSQ and social entrepreneurship questionnaire 0.98 and 0.94 respectively, and their factor analysis validity was confirmed. Results: In two research populations: 1) the rate of managers’ behavior compliance with Transformational Leadership style and also rate of employees’ social entrepreneurship were high. 2) There was significant relation between Transformational Leadership style and social entrepreneurship, and also transformational leadership style of managers could predict employees’ social entrepreneurship. 3) There was no significant difference between managers’ compliance behavior with Transformational Leadership style in terms of employees’ gender. 4) There was no significant relation between managers’ compliance behavior with Transformational Leadership style and employees’ age. Conclusion: Therefore, whereas transformational leadership style and its indexes have importance, on the other hand, the goals affinity of the educational organizations with the goals of social entrepreneurship; the various organizations especially educational organizations should use these two important concepts in advancement of their goals and prepare contexts of research and development of these two. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - A Study of the Relationship between Philosophical Mindset with Organizational Creativity of Employees of State Management Training Center
Mohammad Hassan Mirzamohammadi Mohammad Norouzi Ali Reza Youzbash Background: The development of various aspects of human society depends on creating new ideas. Logical thinking can be subject to having his philosophical mind. Mind philosophical insights and knowledge can help the managers and employees to cope with the problem More Background: The development of various aspects of human society depends on creating new ideas. Logical thinking can be subject to having his philosophical mind. Mind philosophical insights and knowledge can help the managers and employees to cope with the problems. Purpose: The main goal of the research was to investigate the relationship between philosophical mindset and organizational creativity of State Management Training Center employee. Methods: The research method used was correlation. The study sample consisted of all employees in 2013, the Public Administration Training Centre, which is equal to 145. Of the population, a sample size of 110 patients were randomly selected. The study used two standard questionnaires to assess employee creativity Randsip (1979) and also philosophically minded questionnaires Mirsepasi & Soltani (1375) examined the above variables. As for inferential statistical analysis of the test data; «r» Pearson, «R» and stepwise regression were used. Results: The philosophical dimensions of subjectivity (comprehensiveness, depth and flexibility) as a significant positive relationship with the government management innovation personnel training center were found. The result of stepwise regression showed that integration and flexibility are the best predictor for State Management Training Center staff is predictors of creativity. Conclusions: The findings stated that the philosophy of mind and its dimensions (recall, meditation and flexibility) in the Public Administration Training Centre staff, were more creative. After analyzing the data, it can be concluded that the integrity of philosophical thinking were more about creativity and flexibility and depth dimensions were in second and third positions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Analysis of Farm Management with Emphasis on Agricultural Estate
Jaafaar Nawar Mohammed E. Awad -
Open Access Article
227 - A Comparative Study of the Relationship between Religion and Politics in the book Alam Saadat and Sir al-Muluk
Tayebeh Rahmani Soheila Mousavi Sirjani Abdolhossein Farzad Saadatnameh was written by Yusuf Khan Hajib in 1070 AD, exactly one year after the Anatolian gates were opened to the Turks in the battle of Malazgerd. Used in ancient Turkish to mean the science of government, this work has been the most important guidebook for m More Saadatnameh was written by Yusuf Khan Hajib in 1070 AD, exactly one year after the Anatolian gates were opened to the Turks in the battle of Malazgerd. Used in ancient Turkish to mean the science of government, this work has been the most important guidebook for many statesmen and sultans for centuries. This book, in terms of title, has close similarities with the policy or Sir al-Muluk Khajeh of Nizam al-Mulk Tusi. The policy is one of the most valuable works of the fifth century Persian language and literature, which in addition to being important in Persian literature, is also very important in historical texts and public law. Parts of this work are related to the principles and rituals of property based on Sharia. In this research, an attempt has been made to use the content analysis method and descriptive-comparative method and with library tools to show the differences and similarities between the two books on the subject of the connection between religion and politics. Specify as much as possible. Examining these two works, it was concluded that the Turkish sultans throughout history changed their nature from Shah Armani to a monarchy and from religion to Yari to religious studies. The authority of the Karakhani and Seljuk kings was limited to a legal and systematic channel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Rapid Transient Detection of Switching With the Aim of Improving Power Quality Using Wavelet Transform
Javad Safaei Kuchaksaraei -
Open Access Article
229 - Evaluation of absorption refrigeration cycle with ionic liquids and R134a refrigrant
Hossein sakhaeinia Shahaboddin DanialiIonic liquids are nonvolatile, non-toxic and non-flammable liquids with high thermal and chemical stability. Therefore they are suggested as a solvent in absorption refrigeration cycle. For modeling of cycle operating should be specified thermodynamics properties. One t MoreIonic liquids are nonvolatile, non-toxic and non-flammable liquids with high thermal and chemical stability. Therefore they are suggested as a solvent in absorption refrigeration cycle. For modeling of cycle operating should be specified thermodynamics properties. One thermodynamics model is used for one effect absorption refrigeration cycle. Thermodynamics properties of refrigerant-solvent mixture are modeled by equation of state. [hmim][Tf2N], [emim][Tf2N] and [hmim][BF4] are used as solvents and R134a is used as a refrigerant. Results compare with other common refrigerant-solvents. Coefficient of performance of these systems are lower than common cycle like LiBr-water and water-NH3 but specific properties of ionic liquids such as nonvolatile, non corrosive, non-flammable and eco-friendly, cause very research perform to get proper refrigerant and ionic liquid as a solvent Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Evaluation of high resolution satellite images in preparing agricultural cadastral maps for land integration (Case study: Iconus image of Urmia)
Ahmad Rajabi saeed sadeghian mohamad khaliliToday, the integration of agricultural lands is one of the most basic measures in the development and progress of the agricultural industry. In order to integrate agricultural lands, we need to implement the agricultural property cadastre plan. The cadastre includes a m MoreToday, the integration of agricultural lands is one of the most basic measures in the development and progress of the agricultural industry. In order to integrate agricultural lands, we need to implement the agricultural property cadastre plan. The cadastre includes a map and descriptive information of each property. Cadastral maps are maps that we must prepare or have a database to prepare and update. Databases on the one hand contain descriptive and spatial information of the reference land and on the other hand include techniques of collecting, updating, processing and distributing data. To manage databases, you must use a variety of spatial information systems. The cadastre provides a single and correct identity for each piece. Theoretical and practical advances in various technologies such as remote sensing satellite imagery and GIS in data collection management can improve quality, cost, efficiency and effectiveness. An appropriate technology should be selected for mapping and maintaining geometric cadastral information along with strategic goals. Advantages of using satellite images, time consuming and high workload of using aerial images in the production and updating of topographic maps, as well as issues related to flying over the border areas of the country, the need to study and study more on satellite images more than It enlightens us. In this research, first, a regular review of IKONOS satellite image potential measurement was performed in order to extract the information layers of cadastral maps (large-scale) and ground information systems. That is, to what extent does a satellite image have the capacity to extract information layers in terms of geometric and content accuracy? After that, we entered the extraction of agricultural boundaries from the satellite image, which is the most important complication in the agricultural real estate cadastre. Extraction of agricultural border is based on image edge extraction operations, visual identification and image classification. In evaluating the geometric accuracy of IKONOS image in theory, the result was that the geometric accuracy of this image is optimal for 1: 5000 maps. The evaluation of the geometric accuracy of the IKONOS image using Grade 3 two-dimensional polynomial equations is related to the selection of 95 control points and 5 check points with the desired value of RMSE = 0.56M for 1: 2000 maps and the best combination using rational equations with 95 Control point and 5 checkpoints in the use of 13 sentences with RMSE accuracy = 0.4M optimal 1: 1000 maps and the best combination using SPLine equations with 80 control points and 20 checkpoints RMSE accuracy = 2.6M optimal 1 maps : 5000. In terms of content, IKONOS image is suitable for viewing, recognizing and extracting the information layer of the border of agricultural properties in different areas of the image for preparing large-scale maps or agricultural real estate cadastre. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Socio-Political Complexity Process in Elamite World
Abbas AlizadehIn the numerous books and articles written on the Elamites, scholars rarely, if ever, have advanced any hypothesis on the formation of the early Elamite state organizations and how these organizations and the archaeological and historical landscapes of Elam, both in the MoreIn the numerous books and articles written on the Elamites, scholars rarely, if ever, have advanced any hypothesis on the formation of the early Elamite state organizations and how these organizations and the archaeological and historical landscapes of Elam, both in the highlands and lowlands, have differed from the contemporary political landscape of their Mesopotamian neighbors. Similarity, scholars simply ignore the tremendous difference between the natural landscape of Elam and southern Mesopotamia. This article focuses on these differences and traces them from the prehistoric era to the time when the long-lasting Elamite state was eclipsed in the first millennium BC. In doing so, the author pays close attention to the broad patterns revealed in the numerous archaeological surveys in southwestern Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Recognizing the Sassanid era of Varamin, Archaeological Evidence and Historical Geography
Narges Zahedi Morteza Hessari Mosayeb Amiri Hassan DerakhshiIn the east of Pahanvar Ray plain, we come to a fertile area (Pishwa/Varamin plain) which has provided suitable conditions for human habitation since the formation of human settlements until today. Due to the location of this plain in the north of the central desert and MoreIn the east of Pahanvar Ray plain, we come to a fertile area (Pishwa/Varamin plain) which has provided suitable conditions for human habitation since the formation of human settlements until today. Due to the location of this plain in the north of the central desert and the border between the two cultural domains of the northeast and the center, the environmental condition and suitable altitude, which are the main factors for the formation of permanent settlements, and the possible existence of extra-regional connections of this area with the neighboring areas, a wide survey was conducted in this area of the plain. It was concluded that during this archaeological investigation, 61 ancient sites from the Sassanid era were found in the east of Varamin and south of Peshwa. It is most likely that Varamin is considered a part of Ray State and based on the available evidence, it is possible that it is the main center of Ray State as well. According to historical texts and archeological data, the state of Ray was one of the important areas of human settlement during the Sassanid period in Iran. Historical texts mention Ray in the Sassanid period, and the number of sites attributed to the Sassanid period in the geographical area of Varamin has not been found until today. Despite this, based on the prominent geographical location of the Varamin region and the references of the historical texts to the Ray state, this region was probably one of the important regions of the historical period in Iran. In the present article, an attempt has been made to describe the historical geography of Ray State in the Sassanid period, while using the archaeological data of the Sassanid period of Varamin, to draw a part of the archeology and historical geography of Varamin in the Sassanid period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Evaluation of ZEB1 gene expression in cancerous and benign tissue of human prostate cancer
fahimeh baghbani-arani behnaz karimi azadeh shojaeeMetastatic Prostate cancer is a lethal disease, but unfortunately the molecular mechanisms that underlie the metastasis of this common cancer are still poorly understood. In advanced stages of the cancer, cells cancerous may spread to the other part of the body speciall MoreMetastatic Prostate cancer is a lethal disease, but unfortunately the molecular mechanisms that underlie the metastasis of this common cancer are still poorly understood. In advanced stages of the cancer, cells cancerous may spread to the other part of the body specially to bones and lymph nodes. One of the important contributing processes in cancer invasion and metastasis is Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Overexpression of ZEB1 as a key regulating factor, promotes EMT processes in a variety of cancers. In the present study, to evaluate the expression of ZEB1 and its differences between benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer, 16 patients with BPH and 17 patients with Pca were selected, RNA was extracted and after synthesis of cDNA , ZEB1 expression in mRNA level was analyzed by Real Time PCR. Our results indicated that ZEB1 was overexpressed in Pca samples in comparison to BPH ones (P=0.047). In conclusion our findings suggest that evaluating the expression of ZEB1 is likely to be useful as a prognostic biomarker to diagnose prostate cancer in early stages. Furthermore, due to the critical role of ZEB1 in metastasis promotion of a variety of cancers through regulating other EMT markers, it would be possible to avoid progression and metastasis of prostate cancer by suppressing ZEB1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Direct Exact Feedback Linearization based control of the of the Output Voltage in the Minimum phase DC-DC Choppers
Samira Siami Mahdi Salimi -
Open Access Article
235 - Design and Analyses of a PWM based Seven Level CascadeCombination Inverter
Mortaza Sefidi Mehdi Jarahi -
Open Access Article
236 - The Design of a New Double Loop Controller For Simultaneous Adjustment of Input and Output Voltages of Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter
Parisa Alipour Mehdi Salimi -
Open Access Article
237 - The Mechanical Design of Drowsiness Detection Using Color Based Features
Peyman jabraelzade Rahim parikhani -
Open Access Article
238 - A Survey on the State of Organizational Positivism in Public Schools
Ali Khalkhali Seyyedeh Maryam MirkazemiAlthough organizational positivism as a theory trying to study and develop positive capacity of mental and behavior of enterprise resource, which can lead to improved organizational performance in the micro and macro levels, but less comparative studies in this area hav MoreAlthough organizational positivism as a theory trying to study and develop positive capacity of mental and behavior of enterprise resource, which can lead to improved organizational performance in the micro and macro levels, but less comparative studies in this area have been reported. So this paper sought to investigate the organizational positivism in dimensions of positive leadership, positive culture, positive strategy, positive design, and positive human capital among state schools. The research type was as a survey. The study population comprised state schools in Tonekabon. In 30 schools, through cloning and the ratio of population of each office, managers and teachers were selected as the sample. The Organizational Positivism questionnaire (α =0/89) was used to collect the data. To analyze of the data, in descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, and in the inferential statistics, analysis of variance were used to investigate the hypothesis. The results revealed the hypothesis that the organizational positive tendency is different among state schools, significantly was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - The role of shies faghihs and Motakallmins (lecturers) in development of shiesm in Fourth century
morteza mousaveThe fourth century, due to the emergence of important shies Faghihs & motakallmins(lecturers) and the rise of shies government and the decrease of some Abbasid caliphate authority- the worlds lowgest suppter of Sunni is one of the brilliant and bright periods MoreThe fourth century, due to the emergence of important shies Faghihs & motakallmins(lecturers) and the rise of shies government and the decrease of some Abbasid caliphate authority- the worlds lowgest suppter of Sunni is one of the brilliant and bright periods in shies history . befor this period , Sunni religion was the major religion . But in forth century with the emergence of shies states: like Boyid in Iran, Egypt , Yemen zydynid Hamdanid and Alavid in Tabarestan ate. The emergence of shies states and the attempt of shias Ulama are two important and Fundamental Factor in development and expansion of shiism. The role of Faghihs and lecturers in collecting Hadith training students (Talabeh), developing jurisprudence and theology activity against innaveliascands, Fundation of scientific centres and schools, utilization of public facilities for religious purpose all regarded as the main reason for development of shiessm in this period Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - A survey on the state of Organizational Positivism in State Schools
maryam mirkazemi ali khalkhaliAlthough organizational positivism as a theory trying to study and develop positive capacity of mental and behavior of enterprise resource, which can lead to improved organizational performance in the micro and macro levels, but less comparative studies in this area hav MoreAlthough organizational positivism as a theory trying to study and develop positive capacity of mental and behavior of enterprise resource, which can lead to improved organizational performance in the micro and macro levels, but less comparative studies in this area have been reported. So this paper sought to investigate the organizational positivism in dimensions of positive leadership, positive culture, positive strategy, positive design, and positive human capital among state schools. The research type was as a survey. The study population comprised state schools in Tonekabon. In 30 schools, through cloning and the ratio of population of each office, managers and teachers were selected as the sample. The Organizational Positivism questionnaire (α =0/89) was used to collect the data. To analyze of the data, in descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, and in the inferential statistics, analysis of variance were used to investigate the hypothesis. The results revealed the hypothesis that the organizational positive tendency is different among state schools, significantly was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Ibn Muqaffa the Martyr; The victim of Sho’ubism thought; the intellectual and scholar of Arabic and Persian prose
moradali valadbeigi javad sadoonzadehIbn Muqaffa was Iranian originally but completed his education in eloquence sciences particularly in the field of Arabic prose and translated some Pahlavi books into Persian and then into Arabic. Ibn Muqaffa was the first and perhaps the only person who to offers a prec MoreIbn Muqaffa was Iranian originally but completed his education in eloquence sciences particularly in the field of Arabic prose and translated some Pahlavi books into Persian and then into Arabic. Ibn Muqaffa was the first and perhaps the only person who to offers a precious treasure to the Arabic Culture and with no doubt, he has been deemed an undisputed one in Arabic prose. The strong interest of Ibn Muqaffa in Arabic language and literature lead him to away that he was elected as the elite scribe for the Abbasid and umayid viziers [ministers] and Leaders. What is interesting is that the person who has such eagerness toward learning Arabic and has offered many precious and significant services to the Arabic literature particularly in spreading and propagating of writing and translation of Arabic prose, was the first victim this path himself. More suprizingly, … He was been known as an atheist and pagan by the historians regardles of the fact that those who have judged him like Jahiz Abdulmalek asmaei and Ibn Mazoor were among the fans and bigots of the Abbasid and umayid Caliphs themselves who were very vindictive and spiteful of the Iranians particularly the fans of shoubi clan so that anyone who was Iranian was considered shoubi pagan, atheist and the undisputed enemy of Arabs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - State exception and paradox legitimacy of revolt in Achaemenian state
rohollah eslamiState exception and paradox legitimacy of revolt in Achaemenian state Abstract: Achaemenian state is the beginning rationality in political human history. For proof this supposition we can refer to charter and inscription in this period. Cyrus cylinder and inscription o MoreState exception and paradox legitimacy of revolt in Achaemenian state Abstract: Achaemenian state is the beginning rationality in political human history. For proof this supposition we can refer to charter and inscription in this period. Cyrus cylinder and inscription of Dariush show the principle of governmentality Achaemenian and apparatus ideological state. In this article use theoretical framework from Althuser, Foucault and Agamben for analysis. State always show all act and decision are rationality but in reality rule of exception governed in the environment politics. Inscription Katibe Biston is ancient ideological apparatus state and dilemma about what reality happen in history. In this article I analysis legitimacy of revolt in achaemenid state and show according to framework state exception have paradox in statement inscription. Worldview this article is critical theory that attempt related problem contemporary to the tradition. Therefore legislative government in Katibe Biston is paradox we can’t understand what is reality but we can recognize ideological apparatus Achaemenian state. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Mirza Ali Akbar Ardaghi, since constitutionalism to Punishment Committee
Mohamad Reza Alam Ali TavakolianConstitutional revolution can be regarded as one of the most important political events in Iran’s contemporary history. Various people, groups, and social spectrums had role in setting up a new political regime, decreasing despotism, and establishing law and disci MoreConstitutional revolution can be regarded as one of the most important political events in Iran’s contemporary history. Various people, groups, and social spectrums had role in setting up a new political regime, decreasing despotism, and establishing law and discipline. However, after victory of constitutional revolution and occurrence of minor tyranny, followed by conquer of Tehran and Constitutionalism restoration, some of these people and groups became extremists, as they considered the revolution to fail in getting its aims; therefore, they formed a punishment committee to act out against interior factors and – in their idea – exterior agents. Among these people was Mirza Ali Akbar Ardaghi, who became a member of the committee with his companion, Emadolketab. The aim of this study is to investigate the procedure of Mirza Ali Akbar Ardaghi’s political and liberalistic battles according to historical documents and sources. This study is expressed in a descriptive-analytical method to answer the following questions: why did Mirza Ali Akbar Ardaghi join the Constitutional revolution? What was his role in the victory and restoration of Constitutionalism? According to what beliefs and intellectual foundations did Mirza Ali Akbar Ardaghi join punishment committee? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Analysis and impact of the Achaemenid Empire economy on the legal status of women in Parsa state during the era of Darius I (486-522 BC) based on the tablets of the Persepolis wall
soheila kamjoo amir akbariThe legal position of women and their presence in production and construction activities is one of the most effective components of social development. In this regard, the tablets of the ramparts of Persepolis contain interesting points about the legal status of women i MoreThe legal position of women and their presence in production and construction activities is one of the most effective components of social development. In this regard, the tablets of the ramparts of Persepolis contain interesting points about the legal status of women in Parse state during the era of Darius I Achaemenid. The present study, relying on the analytical descriptive method and using archeological evidence and surviving documents, examines the impact of the economy of the Achaemenid Empire on the legal status of women in the Parsa state during the era of Darius I Achaemenid, and seeks to answer the question that the economy of the empire in What effect has this age had on the legal status of women in Parse state? The findings of the research show the influence of the legal status of women in Parse state on the economic conditions and financial policies in the era of Darius I Achaemenid, which had an impact on the legal beliefs towards women and brought new conditions in terms of citizenship rights for women. In the sense that In the process of economic growth and income distribution, the women of Parse state found a strong motivation for economic participation in royal projects and engaged in productive activities alongside men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - The state of real estate in the period of Reza Shah (1320-1304) solar celendar
Mostafa Mirzaei علی بیگدلی عباسعلی ghAbstractSince the British government's colonial policy in the Middle East was to preserve the interests of the East India Company and Iran was recognized as a gateway to India, it led to the government to change the Qajar government that was weak and create a powerful c MoreAbstractSince the British government's colonial policy in the Middle East was to preserve the interests of the East India Company and Iran was recognized as a gateway to India, it led to the government to change the Qajar government that was weak and create a powerful central government. That was the product of Reza Shah. Among the actions of Reza Shah during the monarchy were the seizure of high -profile property and people, which in the present article, with descriptive and analytical research to identify Reza Shah's motives in the occupation of real estate by ruling power, applying different policies to seize these real estate in general. Iran, and especially in the north and the Caspian coast. Now the key question is how the seizure of the real estate by Reza Shah what impact on the degeneration or development of the social classes of Iran of that day and theoretically and methodological using historical documents that lead to deep class divisions (between the poor and the rich. At the country level, as well as the oppression and acts of violence against ordinary people to use and harvest real estate products that led to pessimism and opposition to the Pahlavi government.Asaresult, Reza Shah somehow created the spread of feudalism and wealth in a limited part of the dominant and prosperous classes in the classes of society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Chamshgazak Kurdish tribe and protection of the northeastern borders of Iran after the eleventh century AH
ali bagherzadeh shahrbanoo delbariOne of the Kurdish tribes of Iran is the Chamshegzak tribe. This tribe lived in the areas of Diar Bakr and south of Arzanjan in the Ottoman Empire before the 11th century AH. Due to the Ottoman government's violent treatment of Shiites in eastern Anatolia, the Chamshgaz MoreOne of the Kurdish tribes of Iran is the Chamshegzak tribe. This tribe lived in the areas of Diar Bakr and south of Arzanjan in the Ottoman Empire before the 11th century AH. Due to the Ottoman government's violent treatment of Shiites in eastern Anatolia, the Chamshgazak Shiite tribe migrated into Iran and settled in and around the Mahabad border region. Simultaneously with the formation of the Safavid Uzbek government, which came to power in Transoxiana, they repeated their attacks, depriving peace and security on the northeastern borders of Iran. Insecurity on the northeastern border of Iran was the main security problem of this government. One of the actions of the Safavid government was the migration of this tribe from northwestern Iran to the northeastern borders of the country. The tribe acted as a strong defensive wall to prevent Uzbek aggression and prevented them from invading central Iran. One of the main purposes of this article is to explain the reasons for the migration of this tribe to the northeastern border region of the country and the other purpose is to explain its defensive role against repeated Uzbek aggression. The study of the success factors of this tribe in achieving the above goals is the subject of this article, which is explained by descriptive-analytical method. Belief in the Shiite religion, racial courage and interest in the land and water of this land seem to have been the main factors in this success. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - The Effects of Nationalism discourse on Cultural and Sociological Changes during the Reign of Pahlavi I
mohammad ali alizadeh ali mohammad tarafdariThe reign of Reza Shah is one of the most important periods on formation the thought basis of modern Iran for governmental attempting to make modern state, westernization, and especially attempting of Reza Shah himself and his intellectuals to connect Pahlavi regime wit MoreThe reign of Reza Shah is one of the most important periods on formation the thought basis of modern Iran for governmental attempting to make modern state, westernization, and especially attempting of Reza Shah himself and his intellectuals to connect Pahlavi regime with ancient Iran. At the same time, Nationalism, one of the modern ideologies, gradually has become one of the major elements of Iran’s modernization in the era of Pahlavi I. Additionally, the consequent changes of constitution revolution which made large insecurity and incompetence in political structure of Iran, brought more affection from nationalism and its consequences such as National State for intellectual and political activists to provide Iran with stability, security and development. In this situation, Reza Khan stepped in power scene and achieved reputation via control of military force and establishment of relative stability and security in country. Then, he attempted to become the Shah of Iran with adopting nationalism, in addition to contracting a stable political legitimacy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Government and Market in the era of the Prophet of Islam
ruh allah nazari mostafa salimifar bahram fathiIslam has a particular social, economic and cultural system which contains special rules and regulations for all aspects of individual and social life and it does not accept anything apart from that for the welfare of society.These systems are based on the vision and a MoreIslam has a particular social, economic and cultural system which contains special rules and regulations for all aspects of individual and social life and it does not accept anything apart from that for the welfare of society.These systems are based on the vision and a particular values and their aim would be preparing the base for achieving human to worldly and otherworldly happiness.This paper aims to identify, evaluate and analyze the components and the main entities of the economic system which includes the government and the market. Analysis of features and functions of Islamic government and market in the era of the Prophet and his practical model have had an important place in the history of Islam and Muslims which have been less addressed.Prophet Mohammad was the first founder of Islamic state and one of the drastic measures of the Messenger of Allah in economic field was the establishment and remaking markets that was mostly in authority of Medina’s Jews. In point of view of the Prophet reforming the market system, consideration to the merchant’s issues and encountering with perpetrators decisively, giving attention to the investment community and deploying them with an efficient management in building lands and development of productions and also paying attention to original attempt and tolerating of difficulties can be useful in destroying poverty and inequality of society. In addition the Islamic state is naturally responsible for directing and monitoring the Market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - The First attempt and challenges of Iranian merchants Commercial in the Process of Establishing a Lawful System of Governance and the Modern State in constitutional Period
Soheila Torabi FarsaniBefore the advent of constitutionalism , social and economic insecurity , legal instability, abrogation of verdicts passed by Mujtahids, lack of any established laws, possibility of confiscation of wealth, and an intrusion of foreign capital into the country provided di MoreBefore the advent of constitutionalism , social and economic insecurity , legal instability, abrogation of verdicts passed by Mujtahids, lack of any established laws, possibility of confiscation of wealth, and an intrusion of foreign capital into the country provided discontent for the Iranian merchants’. By this time, the merchants had gained a thorough familiarity with the West through the advocation of theoretical basis of the Western thought by the intellectuals and the newspapers. The merchants participated in the constitutional revolution and took part in the first Majlis in which they tried to pass laws to ensure liberty for all citizens, public participation in the political affairs of the country and government transparency. In this paper it has been tried to examine the Role of merchants in these development based on the available documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - Shiite political position in contemporary Afghanistan, emphasizing the harm it
Seyyd Ghasem Razaghi Mosavi mohamad amin mirzaiNearly thirty percent (30%) of the Afghanistan population is Shia. The findings emphasize the concept of justice in Islam and human experiences based on equality and the role of all the people of a territory to show the need for inclusive participation of people in all MoreNearly thirty percent (30%) of the Afghanistan population is Shia. The findings emphasize the concept of justice in Islam and human experiences based on equality and the role of all the people of a territory to show the need for inclusive participation of people in all areas, especially power. This article Review the Political history OF contemporary Shiites to know threats within and outside the group as well. In reviews on Afghanistan this question is raised that what is the role of the Shiites in the political structure of contemporary Afghanistan. Formation of political power in Afghanistan without Shias, Ambiguity and tension in relations, is a situation that pervades the entire modern history of the country. There are serious obstacles for Shia to achieve the power structure, therefore it is necessary to Review Shiite political role and its challenges. Due to internal and external challenges, the Shiites are not present in the political structure of Afghanistan. Methods to achieve the objectives of this research is the study of political changes of Shiites and analysis. The absence of Shiites in power, have multiple reasons and they should identify the problems and their solutions. The results of this study are Explanation of internal and external challenges of Shiite group like Ethnic and discriminatory approach in Afghanistan Power System, Lack of political system, strategic plan among Shiites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - The role of shies faghihs and Motakallmins (lecturers) in development of shiesm in Fourth century
Seyed Morteza Mousavi jajarmiThe fourth century, due to the emergence of important shies Faghihs & motakallmins(lecturers) and the rise of shies government and the decrease of some Abbasid caliphate authority- the worlds lowgest suppter of Sunni is one of the brilliant and bright periods MoreThe fourth century, due to the emergence of important shies Faghihs & motakallmins(lecturers) and the rise of shies government and the decrease of some Abbasid caliphate authority- the worlds lowgest suppter of Sunni is one of the brilliant and bright periods in shies history . befor this period , Sunni religion was the major religion . But in forth century with the emergence of shies states: like Boyid in Iran, Egypt , Yemen zydynid Hamdanid and Alavid in Tabarestan ate. The emergence of shies states and the attempt of shias Ulama are two important and Fundamental Factor in development and expansion of shiism. The role of Faghihs and lecturers in collecting Hadith training students (Talabeh), developing jurisprudence and theology activity against innaveliascands, Fundation of scientific centres and schools, utilization of public facilities for religious purpose all regarded as the main reason for development of shiessm in this period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - The position of Soft Power of Islamic Republic of Iran on the Statement of the Second Step of the Iranian Revolution
fazel feiziIn this article we have attempted to examine the position of soft power on the statement of the second step from the point of view of political science.This article sought to answer the question, what are the most fundamental elements affecting the national power MoreIn this article we have attempted to examine the position of soft power on the statement of the second step from the point of view of political science.This article sought to answer the question, what are the most fundamental elements affecting the national power of Iran in the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution? Based on the findings of this article, which was obtained by using the descriptive-analytical method, the statement while paying attention to the hardware and software dimensions of national power, the most fundamental element of the national power of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the soft power based on the Islamic Revolution values, faith, divine motivation and Velayat-e Faqih. since the values of the Islamic Revolution are based on human nature, they are welcomed by all human societies and provide huge power to Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Explaining Change in the Structure of International System Facing Iran
Hadiseh Koliaee Amin Ravanbod ali mohammad haghighiThe purpose of this article is to explain the change in the structure of the international system and examine the possible future structure of the international system that Iran will face. In the present research, the authors have investigated the main mechanism of the MoreThe purpose of this article is to explain the change in the structure of the international system and examine the possible future structure of the international system that Iran will face. In the present research, the authors have investigated the main mechanism of the change in the structure of the international system, i.e. the rise and fall of great powers, using the descriptive-analytical method. The authors believe that the current structure of the international system cannot be defined by the concept of polarity. The current structure of the international system includes a superpower (America) alongside China as a challenger and candidate to become a superpower in the future and several big powers (European Union, Russia, Britain and Japan) and this structure will continue in the short term.The Islamic Republic of Iran can be placed in a state of neither friend nor enemy in relation to other great powers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Explain the Role of State Policies in Creating Loyalty of Employees of Iranian Governmental Organizations
mohsen norani reza shabannejad Beitoolah Akbari MoghaddamThe purpose of this article is to investigate the role of Sovereign policies in Iranian governmental organizations in a way that leads to fostering employee loyalty in various personal, professional and organizational areas.In the first part, in order to provide a compr MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate the role of Sovereign policies in Iranian governmental organizations in a way that leads to fostering employee loyalty in various personal, professional and organizational areas.In the first part, in order to provide a comprehensive model, the qualitative meta-hybrid research method was used. A number of academic experts and government managers were purposefully sampled and the initial research model was formed by identifying categories, concepts and codes. In the second part, 292 questionnaires (classification sampling) were distributed among the staff of Qazvin province by evaluating the content validity and opinions of experts in order to apply the model in government organizations. Data analysis was performed using confirmatory factor analysis. Based on the results of creating a relationship between psychological concepts with dimensions, components and categories of personal, professional and organizational can play a significant role in improving employee loyalty to policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Investigating the Characteristics of Fraud Statements and its Impact on Community Policies
Hossein Kamrani Bijan Abedini Mohammad Hossein Ranjbar Faeq AhmadiHossein Kamrani [1] Bijan Abedini [2] Mohammad Hossein Ranjbar [3] Faeq Ahmadi [4] Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of fraud in financial statements and their impact on community policies. Financial fraud involves any delibera MoreHossein Kamrani [1] Bijan Abedini [2] Mohammad Hossein Ranjbar [3] Faeq Ahmadi [4] Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of fraud in financial statements and their impact on community policies. Financial fraud involves any deliberate action by a company to mislead users of these financial statements, especially investors. Creditworthiness through the preparation and publication of financial statements contains a significant misstatement. It has a negative impact on various economic, cultural and social dimensions. Fraud, undermining the ethics and culture of society and government policies to safeguard the interests of the people and to deprive them of resources, is a major obstacle to promoting a culture of work and competitiveness of productive activities and to thwart efforts. They are aimed at reducing poverty and social discrimination. With the rise of fraud community declines due to the skepticism created. [1] -PhD student in Accounting, Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran [2] - Assistant Professor, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Humanities, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran [3] - Assistant Professor, Department of Financial Management and Accounting, Faculty of Humanities, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran [4] - Assistant Professor, Department of Financial Management and Accounting, Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Comparison of Government Media from the Perspective of Political and Cultural News Coverage (Case study: Iran News Network and Newspaper)
Majid Omidi shaharki Feridon Akbarzadeh Bahram Yosefi Lana AbdolkhaniDespite development in social networks, the traditional news media have special functions and the government uses them to promote its goals. In the research, the media approach of the News Channel in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) and newspapers aims t MoreDespite development in social networks, the traditional news media have special functions and the government uses them to promote its goals. In the research, the media approach of the News Channel in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) and newspapers aims to reflect cultural and political news. The study was conducted from 2013 to the end of 2019. The emphasis of the study was based on the fact that IRIB and the Iran newspaper get a great influence from government policies in different periods. The results showed that there was a difference between Iran newspaper's coverage of political issues and other issues. Also, there was a difference in the number of cultural news on the News Channel compared to other news. There was no difference between the Iran newspaper and the News Channel of IRIB in terms of attention to the main case and analysis of news events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Investigating the Impact of Political Development on Good Governance Based on the Statement of the Second Step of the Islamic Revolution
Mojtaba Malekshahi Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Abdulrahman HassanifarMojtaba Malekshahi[1], Garineh Keshishyan Siraki,[2]*, AbdulrahmanHassanifar[3] Abstract: "Political development" is considered to increase the capacity and efficiency of the political system in resolving conflicts between indivi MoreMojtaba Malekshahi[1], Garineh Keshishyan Siraki,[2]*, AbdulrahmanHassanifar[3] Abstract: "Political development" is considered to increase the capacity and efficiency of the political system in resolving conflicts between individual and collective in­t­e­rests. In recent years, the idea of "good governance" has been proposed to explain the relationship between civil society,government and the private sector,which a­i­m­s to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the political system. At the end of the fortieth anniversary of the Islamic Revolution, Ayatollah Khamenei issued the strategic document "Declaration of the Second Step" in order to e­l­e­­vate the country and address the concerns of the nation by increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the political system in relation to individuals. The title of the upstream documents is deeply connected to the ideas of po­li­ti­c­al development and good governance. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of political development on good governance. In this regard, it is assumed that "the more the indicators of political development in the country increase, the more the goals of good governance in society will be achieved." The research method is mixed, the technique used is survey and documentary studies. The results confirmed the hypotheses. [1]. PhD Student in Political Science (Iran Issues), South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran [2]. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author [3].Faculty member of the Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought, Tehran, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - A Comparative Study of US, EU, and Iran Legal Approaches to Anti-Competitive Civil Liability
majid khalilpourgorgani javad niknejad behnam ghanbarporIn a free market economy, competitive rules are determined by the market itself. Competition causes the producer to improve the quality of the product, the consumer to provide it with the most suitable conditions. However, there are vertical and horizontal anti-competit MoreIn a free market economy, competitive rules are determined by the market itself. Competition causes the producer to improve the quality of the product, the consumer to provide it with the most suitable conditions. However, there are vertical and horizontal anti-competitive practices that are detrimental to this competition. The main question of the present study is what legal approaches at the level of the United States, the European Union and Iran to civil liability arising from anti-competitive practices? In the United States, there is currently a more legal approach to civil liability arising from vertical agreements. It is horizontally focused, while the European Union has the opposite position. Iran's legal approach can be considered as an intermediate approach according to the jurisprudential rules as well as the prevailing laws such as civil law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Modern Government and the Political System of the New Divisions of the Country: An Important Factor in the Uneven and Unstable Development of the Lori-Speaking Areas in Iran
Hooshang Kiani Dehkian Hamed Ameri Gholstani Fereydoon Akbarzade Bahram YosefiReza Shah's government was the first to focus on the dispersed sources of power by eliminating the dispersal of local powers. The persistence of ethnic divisions due to scarce resources, relative deprivation, disregard for indigenous capabilities, dispersion and alienat MoreReza Shah's government was the first to focus on the dispersed sources of power by eliminating the dispersal of local powers. The persistence of ethnic divisions due to scarce resources, relative deprivation, disregard for indigenous capabilities, dispersion and alienation of ethnic groups has left the ethnic group of Lors still deprived. The main question of the research is what is the position of the Lorestan people in terms of development in the new order? Identification of Lorestan province only issues such as dispersion and lack of concentration of Lors in a specific geographical area has led to a weak formation in the use of population capacity and consequently the potential of natural resources or lack of it for the growth of residential areas of this people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - The Role of the Welfare State in Ensuring the Welfare of Citizens
Gholamreza Radmehr Mohammadhossein Nazemiashani Seyedalireza HosseiniOne of the most fundamental issues in any social school is to explain the role of the government in the economy. Scientists and jurists have considered it for decades. The main question is: what are the responsibilities of the government in ensuring the welfare of citiz MoreOne of the most fundamental issues in any social school is to explain the role of the government in the economy. Scientists and jurists have considered it for decades. The main question is: what are the responsibilities of the government in ensuring the welfare of citizens? According to the hypothesis, the welfare state is committed to providing services and financial support to citizens from public revenues. The present article is written in a descriptive-analytical method and a library method. The article aims to review the obligations and duties of the welfare state in ensuring the welfare of citizens. Finally, the authors concluded, according to the Charter of Citizenship Rights and the Constitution, the duty of the government is to ensure fundamental rights for the welfare of citizens Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Investigating the Effect of Critical Thinking with the Approach of Political Behavior and Public Policies of the Government on the Promotion of Organizational Health in State-Owned Banks
avazallah sarfaraz Caramallah Danshfard abdolkhalegh gholamiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of critical thinking on promoting office health. In the qualitative part, the Delphi method was used and in the quantitative part, structural equation modeling was used. In the Delphi approach, the opinions of 12 he MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of critical thinking on promoting office health. In the qualitative part, the Delphi method was used and in the quantitative part, structural equation modeling was used. In the Delphi approach, the opinions of 12 heads of different branches of Melli Bank and Sepah Shahr in Isfahan were collected through interviews and after analysis, 33 variables in the form of 6 main categories of search and facts, free-thinking, analysis, systematization, trust in His ability and curiosity to improve the administrative health system were determined. All structures have the necessary validity and reliability as well as all 6 main variables are effective in promoting the health of the administrative system. Finally, it can be said that organizational managers should consider the six variables obtained in this study as variables that can improve administrative health in state-owned banks in Isfahan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Optimal State Feedback Control for Bicycle Stabilization using APT-FPSO Algorithm
Mana Azim Araghi Seyed Mohammad Nami Mir Mohammad Sadeghi Seyed Ali Mir Mohammad Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
263 - Nonlinear Modeling and Optimal Output Control of Two Wheeled Balancing Transporter
Reza Babazadeh Ataollah Gogani Khiabani Hadi Azmi -
Open Access Article
264 - Switching H2/H∞ Controller Design for Linear Singular Perturbation Systems
Ahmad Fakharian -
Open Access Article
265 - Identify the required features of the board of directors in state-owned banks
Yousef Mobini Dehkordi Mohammadreza Dalvi Isfahani Alireza Shirvani Jowzadani Abdolmajid Abdolbaghi AtaabadiSelection of members of the Board of Directors should be transparent, perspicuous, and based on an assessment of a variety of skills, competencies, experiences, and structure. Therefore the purpose of this research is to identify the required characteristics of board me MoreSelection of members of the Board of Directors should be transparent, perspicuous, and based on an assessment of a variety of skills, competencies, experiences, and structure. Therefore the purpose of this research is to identify the required characteristics of board members in state-owned banks. The nature of this exploratory research with an inductive approach and its philosophy is a developmentally oriented interpretation. Hence for this purpose, the qualitative method of data theory was used. Also statistical population was professors familiar with the field of finance, economics and management. Thus a combination of purposeful judgment and snowball method were also used to select the sample. Research data were collected from semi-structured interviews with twelve university professors. As a result of analyzing research data by open, axial and selective coding method, variables of size, composition and criterion of board selection were extracted as main features required of board members in state-owned banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Govering the Hollow State, The challenge of New Public Mamagement
Reza Vaezi Mahbobe RashidiIn the early 1990s, industrial democratic governments had major changes in government structures and in the relationship between government and society. This article attempts to define the nature of the changes using the phrase "Govering the Hollow State" to record the MoreIn the early 1990s, industrial democratic governments had major changes in government structures and in the relationship between government and society. This article attempts to define the nature of the changes using the phrase "Govering the Hollow State" to record the changes that have occurred. The null state is raised as a metaphor for describing the nature of the transfer of power and decentralization of services in the central government to both local governments and third parties - nonprofit organizations and private enterprises - which increasingly operate in the name of the state. Became Since governments with this decentralization failed to achieve the goals they wanted, the term "Govering the Hollow State" was formed, indicating the government's failure to outsource services. These failures were raised at three levels: macro level (loss of government legitimacy), middle level (decentralization in service delivery), and micro level (the roles of government employees). In order to better outsource services and prevent such consequences, governments must, at the same time, devise appropriate monitoring service systems, consider the accountability system as a priority, and be able to simultaneously capture the Governmente, private sector and NGO capabilities Offer as a combination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Analysis of the Effectiveness Factors Influencing the Disabilities and Employment
Younos Vakil Alroaia Farshad AghvamiDespite the laws and employment programs and support for people with disabilities, the employment rate for disabled people remains less supportive than non-disabled people. Studies show that disabled people unemployment rate accelerate 63 percent and the clients' unempl MoreDespite the laws and employment programs and support for people with disabilities, the employment rate for disabled people remains less supportive than non-disabled people. Studies show that disabled people unemployment rate accelerate 63 percent and the clients' unemployment rate is over 48 percent in the society. Accordingly, it causes a high material and spiritual costs for disabled and clients’ families as well as the society and supportive organizations. The aim of this study is to explain and codify the Welfare Organization' disabled people employment in region four of the country. This research is descriptive correlational. The participants were all people with disabilities under Welfare Organization in State Welfare Organization of Region Four of the Iran. The sample consisted of 376 people selected using stratified sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire used for data collection. To analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling used. Overall results indicate that individual, family, governmental, financial and job seeking factors of entrepreneurial have a positive and meaningful impact on the business tendency of disabled people. However, belief variable at 95% significance level does not have a meaningful impact on disabled people business tendency. The studies also shown in the development of entrepreneurship in this area should be more reviewed and considered, one of them is to receive and transmit experiences of adults with disabilities, and other changes due to the attitude of employers with disabilities to understand the specific capabilities of people with disabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Relationship between Information Asymmetry and Financial Restatement: the Approach of Effective Spread
Mehdi Beshkooh Somayeh AmiriIn this research examined the relationship between information asymmetry and financial restatement in listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, Bid – Ask spread is used as an information asymmetry criterion. The result research using data on MoreIn this research examined the relationship between information asymmetry and financial restatement in listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, Bid – Ask spread is used as an information asymmetry criterion. The result research using data on a sample of 89 listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange, over a 10 years period (1383 to 1392), suggest that a positive and significant relationship between Bid – Ask spread and information asymmetry exists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Behaviour of Individuals towards E-Waste Management in India
Somvir Arya Ajay Gupta Arvind Bhardwaj -
Open Access Article
270 - The effect of TQM practices on job satisfaction in higher education institutes. A systematic literature review from the last two decades
Abdulaziz Abdulrahman Alsaad Zuraina binti Dato Mansor Hazrina binti Ghazali -
Open Access Article
271 - Comparing Parallel Simulated Annealing, Parallel Vibrating Damp Optimization and Genetic Algorithm for Joint Redundancy-Availability Problems in a Series-Parallel System with Multi-State Components
Mani Sharifi Morteza Mousa Khani Arash Zaretalab -
Open Access Article
272 - Numerical Investigation of the Limit Equilibrium Method in Tunnel Stability Using Finite Element (FEM)
Semko Arefpanah Alireza Sharafi -
Open Access Article
273 - Study of considered Criminal Policy toward State crimes in perspective of Sociology of law
Salar Sadeghi Hassan MovassaghiWhile state are in charge of maintaining order and security and justice in society, they may sometimes become the factor of insecurity and disorder, in which case state crime occurs. State crimes are criminal and anti-social acts committed by states and state agencies a MoreWhile state are in charge of maintaining order and security and justice in society, they may sometimes become the factor of insecurity and disorder, in which case state crime occurs. State crimes are criminal and anti-social acts committed by states and state agencies against their own citizens. Countering with state crimes committed in society is the responsibility of states, but countering with crimes committed by states themselves is a challenging issue. Because there is no superior power to power of state. In this case, people and civil society can also counter with state crimes, which can be violent or non - violent. According to these issues, this article tries to investigate various criminal, judicial, and participatory criminal policies through criminal and non-criminal strategies with these crimes and evaluating these strategies with emphasis on Iran's criminal policy. The effective operation of the legislative and judiciary through criminalization and fair trial and the activities of public and non-governmental bodies, Violent and peaceful protests of the people and restorative justice are ways to deal with state crimes that have been analyzed in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Explaining the Wisdom of Apostasy Punishment with an Approach to the Purposes of the Law
akbar sajediAlthough the attainment of human intellect is unlikely to be the cause of corrupting and destroying sentences in most of the issues, the explanation of the wisdom of the judgments can be the basis for their acceptance. The execution of the apostate is one of the fiqh la MoreAlthough the attainment of human intellect is unlikely to be the cause of corrupting and destroying sentences in most of the issues, the explanation of the wisdom of the judgments can be the basis for their acceptance. The execution of the apostate is one of the fiqh laws that have created many challenges. It would seem outrageous to consider primitive Islam to condemn humanity for changing its belief in death. Many answers have been given to the apostasy defense by scholars who have considered the apostasy, and some have also considered the wisdom of execution. By presenting a new classification of answers, the author has tried to reveal the hidden angles of the discussion. Therefore, the present article examines the relationship between the death penalty and the triple elements of Sharia law, freedom of thought and mercy, and concludes that this ruling is from the angle of the purpose of preserving religion, guaranteeing freedom of thought and manifestation of mercy God is about apostasy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - The Abilities of the Constitution on the way of achieving the Ideal Islamic State
Mojtaba Qanbardust Akbar AshrafiAccording to the doctrines of the Constitutional Law, the constitution is a schema of the political and economical systems, the system of law, and in general all social systems (like family, education, and health care) in a society. Using the library research and a desc MoreAccording to the doctrines of the Constitutional Law, the constitution is a schema of the political and economical systems, the system of law, and in general all social systems (like family, education, and health care) in a society. Using the library research and a descriptive-analytic approach, this study attempt to address the fundamental principle capacity of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, that despite the increasing importance of achieving the Ideal Islamic state, it is not completely realized, and its unique abilities have been ignored. This paper studies a range of social problems (such as citizenship freedom limits and the political economy problems) in the constitution that the political sphere in Iran have faced, especially three and forty-four principles. The results show that using the dynamic, generative, and interpretative characteristics of the constitution make the new interpretation and understanding possible; the interpretation and understanding with which the Islamic Republic of Iran can achieve the goals of the Ideal Islamic State, always brought into focused and emphasized by Islamic thinkers and theorists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Influence of ISIS in Central Asia and its Impact on Iran's National Security
Zahra Tavakoli Kayhan Barzegar Majid Tavasoli roknabadiIn this study, the dangers of ISIS's Influence in Central Asia and its impact on Iran's national security are examined. Failed and fragile states in Central Asia do not have the ability to promote prosperity, security, education, and awareness for their people. As a res MoreIn this study, the dangers of ISIS's Influence in Central Asia and its impact on Iran's national security are examined. Failed and fragile states in Central Asia do not have the ability to promote prosperity, security, education, and awareness for their people. As a result, conditions are ripe for the people to lean towards extremism. Due to the presence of takfiri extremism on the western borders of Iran (Iraq and Syria), there are serious risks of this spreading to its eastern borders in Central Asia. Despite the existing hegemony between Iran and Russia and their mutual efforts to stop this current in the region, should the extremism on both sides of its borders join hands, Iran’s security will be seriously compromised in three ways to face serious challenges. Firstly, the extremism will span on its northern, eastern, and western borders; secondly, regional and trans-regional actors will use takfiri extremism for their strategic rivalries; and thirdly, a worsening case in Afghanistan will impact Iran’s security. Thus, focusing on “Regional and trans-regional convergence” can be the most important strategy for Iran to deal with this phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - The Role of Qassem Soleimani's "Proxy Resistance" Strategy in the Withdrawal of Military Forces America from the Region
Morteza Mahmoudvand Kayhan Barzgar Ibrahim MottaghiThis article investigates that how the “proxy resistance” strategy of Major General Qasem Soleimani has led to the weakening of the U.S. oriented political-security trends, ultimately providing the grounds for the gradual withdrawal of U.S. military forces f MoreThis article investigates that how the “proxy resistance” strategy of Major General Qasem Soleimani has led to the weakening of the U.S. oriented political-security trends, ultimately providing the grounds for the gradual withdrawal of U.S. military forces from the areas of the axis of resistance. The hypothesis of this article is that with creation of a network of Iran’s friendly militia forces in the region and their overt and covert operations against the U.S. traditional hegemonic trend, commander Soleimani was able to heighten the costs of the direct presence American forces on the grounds in the West Asia region. Indeed, the U.S. inability to manage the regional crises in the post-conflict situation and its failure in the designated state-building projects has caused the weakening of U.S. role in the crises field of the region. This geopolitical development, has led to the inefficacy of the U.S. traditional role and influence over regional political groups in forming and continuing coalitional governments, subsequently providing the opportunity for opposing with the U.S. military presence in the host countries. To examine this hypothesis, the authors apply the defensive realism theory that considers the countries’ reaction to the threat in time of crisis based on increasing their relative security. The authors use historical-analytical method to conduct this research. Field and qualitative observations have also impacted the degree of authors’ understanding of this concept. In the end, this article concludes that the proxy resistance strategy of general Soleimani has weakened the position of the U.S. in world politics and before its regional allies, and this development has enhanced the regionalism trend in the West Asia region in favor of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Globalization and Nation-State Relations in Egypt
Mohammad Hossein HafezianPresent study aims at providing an answer to the fundamental question of whether in the past decades globalization process have had any impact on the relation between government and society in Egypt and if the answer to the question is positive then What the effect of t MorePresent study aims at providing an answer to the fundamental question of whether in the past decades globalization process have had any impact on the relation between government and society in Egypt and if the answer to the question is positive then What the effect of the impact were and if the answer is negative, why, in contrast with other countries, globalization process in Egypt could not have any effect on this relation. The hypothesis proposed is that due to the sever resistance of government and political elites in Egypt to any type of democratization and privatization and dominance of market economy, globalization have had a minor effects on the relation between the government and society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Permanent Membership of Islamic Republic of Iran
Alireza Rezaie Abbas SalehiShanghai Cooperation Organization with its two permanent members (Russia and China) of UN Security Counci, having more than one-third of the world population, vast territory and economic ability, heralds a potentially powerful coalition in the future. Islamic Republic o MoreShanghai Cooperation Organization with its two permanent members (Russia and China) of UN Security Counci, having more than one-third of the world population, vast territory and economic ability, heralds a potentially powerful coalition in the future. Islamic Republic of Iran, with its present observational role in this organization and the demand to become its permanent member, leads to certain implications which within the framework and opportunities of membership facilitate the analysis of Iranian foreign policy. In this article, we aim to assess Iranian membership in this organization on four dimensions of Iranian politics, security, economic and culture. On this basis, we, first apply theoretical explanation of the origin and continuation of Shanghai Organization. Having done that, we then study the effect of Iranian membership in this organization on four foretold dimensions. Finally, probability and improbability of permanent membership of Islamic republic of Iran will be discussed and suggestions are made to the Iranian diplomatic approaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Building of a Secure Society as a Stability Strategy for the Relation of Iran and Persian Gulf Nations
Armin Amini Zahra MahmoudiThe main question in this article is whether there is any possibility of building a secure society in the relation of Iran and that of nations in the Persian Gulf region? The secondary question addressed in this article is what type of secure society (tightly or loosely MoreThe main question in this article is whether there is any possibility of building a secure society in the relation of Iran and that of nations in the Persian Gulf region? The secondary question addressed in this article is what type of secure society (tightly or loosely coupled) would lead to a secure society and what are the nature and impact of three phases of developments: nascent ,ascent and mature on the emergence of a secure society in the region? Hypothesis presented in this research is that with the realization of active and potential elements as an opportunity in the creation of possibility of fostering good relations among Persian Gulf nations and also a shared understanding of threats faced these nations of the region then a serious effort for building intra trust and elimination of the grounds of conflict will emerge which could lead to the materialization of a secure society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - John Lock and Explanation of “Labor-Value” Theory in the Liberal Government and Bourgeois Society
علی دارابیJohn Lock is considered one of the most prominent theorists on property in bourgeois society. His intellectual and, to some extent, moral views are applied to the rationalization of inequality within the nation and the efficiency of colonialism and dominance in the inte MoreJohn Lock is considered one of the most prominent theorists on property in bourgeois society. His intellectual and, to some extent, moral views are applied to the rationalization of inequality within the nation and the efficiency of colonialism and dominance in the international community within the system of liberal economy and capitalism. This article analyses the Britain’s economic condition during John Lock’s life time and explain how the landlord system and the establishment of centralized government and bourgeois class deteriorated. Hence, the main objective in this article is how John Lock with his theory of “Labor-value” and the linkage between two concepts of liberty and capital accumulation could provide philosophic and moral rational for capitalists grip on the poor internally and the success of British colonialism in international community. This paper also intends, by decoding the theory of “Labor-value “to show how and why property and respect for the right of property owners has become one of the fundamental pillars of liberal economy and the development of liberal system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Effective Strategies for Expelling the United States from Iraq
armin amini Yadollah Mohammadi mohammad mohammadiEight years after the US invasion of Iraq, with the withdrawal of the last American combat brigade on 19 August, 2010, this war officially ended. However, the US continues to maintain parts of its forces in sensitive areas under various pretexts. This issue became more MoreEight years after the US invasion of Iraq, with the withdrawal of the last American combat brigade on 19 August, 2010, this war officially ended. However, the US continues to maintain parts of its forces in sensitive areas under various pretexts. This issue became more apparent after the assassinations of Qassem Soleimani and AbuMahdi al-Mohandes, and due to this incident, the study of the possibility of the US expulsion from Iraq became one of the most important issues in this country. But the main question is, what are the main prerequisites for the US withdrawal from Iraq and what are the interests of Iraq-US in this area? And what is the role of Iran? Due to the nature of this issue, the main element of this research method is meta-analysis. Therefore, for this article, a meta from various electronic and published sources is used to interpret the reasons for the US presence in Iraq from a neo-realist perspective. The findings of this study suggest that the various factors influencing the US withdrawal from Iraq are not strong enough to be expected in the short and even medium term for Iraqi officials to reach a unified strategy for the complete withdrawal of the US from Iraq. Despite all the problems and challenges, this study also examines measures that could eliminate the Iraq needs to foreign forces. Perhaps relying on these measures could increase the pressure on the US to withdraw from Iraq or at least minimize its presence in this country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Law and Legislation in the Thought System of Imam Khomeini
Ali SheirkhaniLaw and legislation are the most important concepts in our time. Now local, national, regional and international institutions claim that they administer and direct behaviors by enacting their own laws. If that is so, then one may pose the question what is law and legisl MoreLaw and legislation are the most important concepts in our time. Now local, national, regional and international institutions claim that they administer and direct behaviors by enacting their own laws. If that is so, then one may pose the question what is law and legislation? Is religious jurisprudence is the same as law? Are Islam’s laws are fixed and unchangeable laws which are applicable in all places and times. What influences do the concepts of place and time have on law and legislation in an Islamic government? These are the questions which are set to be analyzed in the thoughts of Imam Khomeini who himself was a religious jurist and founder of Iran’s present Islamic political system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - An Inquiry Into the of Exploitation Views on the Second Pahlavi’s Modern State
حسن شمینی غیاثوندOne of the most important aspects of contemporary Iranian history has been the formation of modern state and its functional evolvement. In fact, one of the most important changes in the aftermath of Iranian constitutional revolution has been the changes in the nature, s MoreOne of the most important aspects of contemporary Iranian history has been the formation of modern state and its functional evolvement. In fact, one of the most important changes in the aftermath of Iranian constitutional revolution has been the changes in the nature, structure, and functions of government. That is why theorists and analysts of contemporary history express different views on Iranian governments and in particular on the governments during the reign of Pahlavi the second. These analysts use different approaches such as traditionalism, integrative, comparative and extraversions in their reflection on the government in Iran. Such studies include Ravasani ’s“ dependent governments” Gasiorowski’s “cliental governments”, Foran’s “oriental despotism”. These approaches apply the following concepts in their study of governments in Iran: clientalistic nature of Iranian governments, dependence on west, instrumental approach of the west toward Iran ignoring political forces, rivalry of political forces, classless society, the crisis of identity and consideration of Iran as an Island. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - بررسی کاربرد فعالیت های مشارکتی برای بهبود تجربیات جریان ذهنی زبان آموزان مرد و زن زبان انگلیسی
سید حسین کاشف هانیه خیریمطالعه حاضر تلاش کرد تا میزان تأثیرگذاری فعالیت های مشارکتی و جنسیت زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی را بر تجربیات جریان ذهنی آنها تعیین کند. بدین منظور، ابتدا پژوهشگران 56 زبان آموز سطح متوسط زبان انگلیسی را در دو کلاس درس (بدون تغییر اعضای کلاس ها) در یک موسسه زبان خصوصی در ا Moreمطالعه حاضر تلاش کرد تا میزان تأثیرگذاری فعالیت های مشارکتی و جنسیت زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی را بر تجربیات جریان ذهنی آنها تعیین کند. بدین منظور، ابتدا پژوهشگران 56 زبان آموز سطح متوسط زبان انگلیسی را در دو کلاس درس (بدون تغییر اعضای کلاس ها) در یک موسسه زبان خصوصی در ارومیه (ایران) به عنوان شرکت کننده ها انتخاب کردند. دوم پژوهشگران به طور تصادفی کلاس ها را به یک گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل اختصاص دادند. سوم، آنها از یک پرسشنامه وضعیت جریان ذهنی برای تعیین تجربیات جریان ذهنی شرکت کنندگان قبل از شروع مطالعه استفاده کردند. چهارم، آنها در طی 12 جلسه آموزش فعالیت های مشارکتی زبان را به گروه آزمایشی ارائه کردند. با این وجود، پژوهشگران این نوع آموزش را در گروه کنترل ارائه ندادند. در نهایت، آنها پرسشنامه وضعیت جریان ذهنی را دوباره به گروه ها ارائه کردند تا کارایی فعالیت های مشارکتی را برای تقویت تجربیات جریان ذهنی شرکت کنندگان ارزیابی کنند. نتایج نشان داد که این فعالیت ها تأثیر مفیدی بر وضعیت جریان ذهنی زبان آموزان داشت. علاوه بر این، بر اساس نتایج، تجربیات جریان ذهنی زبان آموزان زن در مقایسه با تجربیات جریان ذهنی زبان آموزان مرد به طور مثبتتری تحت تأثیر فعالیت های مشارکتی قرار گرفت. نتایج بهدستآمده ممکن است مربیان معلم های زبان انگلیسی، طراحان برنامه درسی و محققان را قادر سازد تا وضعیت جریان ذهنی را در طول فرآیند فراگیری زبان مورد توجه قرار دهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - The Effective Time for Heir's Permission in the Testamentary Disposition of more than One - Third of the Estate
mohammad alemzadeh mohammad alemzadehIn case in which the testator dispose of more than one - third of the estate, with respect of majority of Imamiyeh jurisprudence view, the heir's permission is non ‌returnable but it has been said that the heir's permission is returnable on the ground, that, they ha MoreIn case in which the testator dispose of more than one - third of the estate, with respect of majority of Imamiyeh jurisprudence view, the heir's permission is non ‌returnable but it has been said that the heir's permission is returnable on the ground, that, they have not any possession on the testator's properties during his living time. Article 843 of Iran's Civil Code provided that: the testamentary disposition of more than one-third of the estate is not valid, except with the permission of the heirs and if some of the heirs agree, the disposition applies only to the share of those heirs. In the interpretation of mentioned article some of lawyers believe that with respect of generality of this article, the heir permission at the testator living time is non‌returnable but some of the other lawyers have said that heir's permission is returnable until testator death time and after death it doesn't need new permission and it isn't returnable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Taqas in Government-owned Property
Alimazhar Qaramaleki Ali Asgahr AfshariAlthough Taqas (Offset of debts) is an undisputed precept of Imamiyah jurisprudence and there is no dispute over permissibility of setting off debts from natural persons' property by taking the debtor's property -who denies to pay off his debt- without his MoreAlthough Taqas (Offset of debts) is an undisputed precept of Imamiyah jurisprudence and there is no dispute over permissibility of setting off debts from natural persons' property by taking the debtor's property -who denies to pay off his debt- without his permission, the issue is to set off debts from government-owned property, i.e. is it permissible for natural persons to set off debts from legal persons' property? In spite of the importance of the issue, Imamiyah jurists have not discussed the matter except some hints given in margins of some chapters; or in response to some requests for judicial opinion from Imam Khomeini and some other contemporary scholars. After mentioning the viewpoints in this regard, this paper states the reasons of permissibility of Taqas from government-owned property and discusses them to evaluate the possible objections supporting the impermissibility view and finally according to Sahiha of Davoud Ibn Razin and concerning generality and absoluteness of some other reasons of Taqas consisting of Quranic verses and narrations, it deduces that under some conditions, it is permissible to set off debts from government-owned property. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Criminalization of Informed False Statement in Iranian Law
Jamal Bayghi Sayyd Reza MosaviJudicial justice is one of the biggest goals of any judicial system, which has been raised as a value in legal systems. The concern of Islam is also evident in the implementation of justice and the establishment of justice based on Sharia standards in this field. On the MoreJudicial justice is one of the biggest goals of any judicial system, which has been raised as a value in legal systems. The concern of Islam is also evident in the implementation of justice and the establishment of justice based on Sharia standards in this field. On the one hand, the implementation of judicial justice requires the participation of citizens in providing timely and correct information about the occurrence of a crime, and on the other hand, it requires accurate and fast actions of the judicial system. Any action that delays the discovery of the crime and the identification of the accused and leads to the misleading of the judges handling the case and the escape of the accused from the clutches of justice, or leads to the reduction of their role in the occurrence of the crime, or makes innocent people into suspects. to accuse, it will put the execution of justice in a halo of ambiguity, and finally the order and security and public interests of the society will be under threat. Finally, in this research, using the descriptive and analytical method, it is concluded that false statements, in addition to bad consequences in the process of handling cases and delaying the proceedings, cause people's skepticism towards the judicial system, Iran's legislator except in cases Especially due to the lack of an independent chapter with the name of crimes against judicial justice, special attention has not been paid to the crime of informed false statements as a crime against judicial justice, and the need for a new look at the criminalization of false statements in line with the implementation of judicial justice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Critical Analysis of the Political-Jurisprudence Basis of the Takfiri Salafism on the Issue of Jihad
Roghayeh Alizadeh abdolhadi feghhizadeh Mohammad Hadi Amin NajiThe intellectual bases of Salafi Takfiri are the preconditions which the group's actions and views are based on. The most important legal-political basis of this currents is the revival of the Islamic caliphate, with the modeling of Rashidun Caliphates. They don&rs MoreThe intellectual bases of Salafi Takfiri are the preconditions which the group's actions and views are based on. The most important legal-political basis of this currents is the revival of the Islamic caliphate, with the modeling of Rashidun Caliphates. They don’t tolerate any political system in a format other than this, and by dividing the communities into Dar al-iman and Dar al-Kufar, they consider all modern societies. This view has caused the decline of the caliphate status, and the launch of this approach should be accompanied by specific actions and by creating the necessary conditions and measures. From the point of view of Takfiri Salafism, one of the important duties of Muslims towards Dar al-Islam is the necessity of immigration as a collective obligation. But, according to the verses and prophetic tradition, the cause of necessity of emigration is to achieve a place where to serve God and to perform one’s duties. Jihad is the most basic solution of Takfiri Salafi leaders to achieve their desired goals, including the establishment of an Islamic government, and in this regard, they have given to the every one the warrant for jihad, and imitation in religious rules is not permissible. They ignore that this is a popular interpretation of jihad, and that Imitation has existed since early Islamic history. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - The cytotoxic effect of Spirulina extract on gastric and prostate cancer cell lines
F. Khodaverdipour Ali SharifzadehThe AGS cell line contains gastric cancer cells, which are among the most common cancers in the world. The DU145 cell line also includes prostate cancer cells, the second leading cause of death in men after lung cancer. This study was designed to assess the cytotoxicity MoreThe AGS cell line contains gastric cancer cells, which are among the most common cancers in the world. The DU145 cell line also includes prostate cancer cells, the second leading cause of death in men after lung cancer. This study was designed to assess the cytotoxicity of spirulina extract on AGS and DU145 cell lines. In this in vitro trial, cell lines AGS and DU145 were used. Gastric and prostate cancer cell lines were prepared and cultured from the Iranian Center for Biological and Genetic Resources. The cells were divided into treatment and control groups. The effect of spirulina extract on the treated group was determined using the MTT method. According to MTT results, Spirulina extract has anti-cancer activity and more than 50% reduction in cell density against AGS and DU145 cell lines; While it did not show any significant effect on healthy cells (P< 0.05). The results of this study indicate that Spirulina extract has a good potential to control cancer cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - The effects of Oleoreupien on prostate and seminal vesicle tissues in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
Farzin Javid Esmaeil Safavi Esmaeil Safavi Yoosef DoustarDiabetes impairs the normal reproductive system function by disrupting spermatogenesis and decreasing sperm count, serum testosterone level and seminal fluid volume. This study aimed to investigate the effects of oleoreupien on tissue changes of prostate and seminal ves MoreDiabetes impairs the normal reproductive system function by disrupting spermatogenesis and decreasing sperm count, serum testosterone level and seminal fluid volume. This study aimed to investigate the effects of oleoreupien on tissue changes of prostate and seminal vesicles in diabetic rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10) including control, diabetic and treatment groups. Rats in the treatment group received Oleoreupien (500mg/kg) for 28 days by oral gavage after induction of diabetes by streptozotocin. At the end of the experimental period, samples of prostate and seminal vesicle were obtained and then slides were prepared and stained by H&E method for histological study. Morphological findings indicated increased secretion of prostate and seminal vesicles, significant increase in diameter of secretory units and significant decrease of interstitial connective tissue in the treatment group compared with the diabetic group. Histomorphometric results also indicated that epithelium height of the prostate and seminal vesicles and diameter of the tubules of the prostate significantly increased in the treatment group compared with the diabetic group (p < /em>˂0.05). The study also revealed that gland weight to body weight in the treatment group increased significantly compared with that of the diabetic group (p < /em>˂0.05). According to current findings, oral administration of Oleoreupien prevented diabetic induced tissue changes in prostate and seminal vesicle in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Complications of ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate in the dog
Ali Rezaie Gh Mousavi داریوش Mohajeri Gh Asadnasab نوید Haji Alilo Gh Akrami Nojadeh The objective of this research was to investigate and study the clinical, laboratory and pathologic complications following needle biopsy of the prostate. This study was conducted on 10 male dogs. Prior to biopsy, urine and bl More The objective of this research was to investigate and study the clinical, laboratory and pathologic complications following needle biopsy of the prostate. This study was conducted on 10 male dogs. Prior to biopsy, urine and blood samples were collected and compared with those taken on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12 and 15 after the biopsy. The biopsy was done under ultrasound guidance using No. 20 Vim Tru- Cut needle. Fifteen days after the biopsy, the animals were euthanized and their prostate glands collected for pathologic evaluations. Results of the blood examinations were analyzed statistically. Clinically, there were no complications other than edema of the biopsy region. Also, significant hematological alterations were not observed and the increase in the levels of acid phophatase was not statistically significant. Pathologic evaluations revealed capsular and glandular hemorrhage and also the process of healing. In light of the clinical, laboratory and pathologic findings and statistical analysis, it can be stated that the observed complications were limited and this technique does not induce any necrotic complications in the gland and the tissue architecture of the prostate is maintained. Because sufficient tissue samples are obtained for pathologic investigations, this technique provides the possibility for better diagnosis of prostatic diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Experimental study of apoptosis in the prostate tissue following castration
یوسف Doustar Ali Rezaie صابر Atash BenabThe Prostate gland is one of the accessory reproductive glands with important physiological functions necessary for successful reproduction. This gland depends on the presence of sex hormones including androgens for its natural function and normal growth and development MoreThe Prostate gland is one of the accessory reproductive glands with important physiological functions necessary for successful reproduction. This gland depends on the presence of sex hormones including androgens for its natural function and normal growth and development. So in the case of hyperplasia, hypertrophy or other prostatic disease the most successful and efficient method of treatment is androgenic control that in some cases is unavoidable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of androgenic depletion states by means of castration on the induction of apoptosis in the epithelial glandular cells of the prostate tissue. Two groups of male dogs each containing 5 animals per group were used in this study. The dogs were under observation for 1 month to detect any possible diseases or disorders. After this period the dogs in the treatment group underwent open castration to decrease the levels of the androgenic hormones in the blood while the dogs in the control group were left intact. One week after surgery, the prostate glands of control and treatment animals were collected and used to prepare microscopic sections. The sections were evaluated following staining with TUNEL (TerminaldeoxyNucleotidyl (dUTP) transferase-mediated End Labeling) and H&E methods. The Mann – Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Histopathological studies in the treatment group revealed the presence of various forms of apoptotic cells in the glandular epithelium. Average number of apoptotic cells in ten microscopic fields were significantly higher in the treatment group compared with the control group (p<0.005). These results demonstrated that the type of cell death observed in the prostate gland in androgen deprivation states is Apoptosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Construction, Validation, Reliability and Normalization of Academic State Motivation Inventory
Noushin Derakhshan Aliakbar Saif Alireza Kiamanesh Hasan AhadiThe academic motivation due to its important role in school learning is the basis for several research in the field of educational psychology. However, less research has been paid to the distinction between state academic motivation and trait academic motivation. While MoreThe academic motivation due to its important role in school learning is the basis for several research in the field of educational psychology. However, less research has been paid to the distinction between state academic motivation and trait academic motivation. While there is no suitable tool for measuring this factor, this study aimed to make appropriate instrumentation to assess the academic motivation state. In order to achieve this goal, a questionnaire on the basis of theoretical principles in the areas of academic motivation was prepared. Through the pilot study and survey respondents and ten professors of psychology, the content related validity was confirmed, and its reliability in the pilot study with internal consistency and Cronbach`s alpha coefficient was calculated as. 0.95. This questionnaire had 53 questions for the final run conducted on a sample of 300 students of PNU based on random sampling. To analyze the research data, Bartlett`s sohericity test, factor analysis with various rotations, Cronbach`s alpha, percentage norm, and categorical norm were used. As a result of factor analysis and based on scree four factors were found in the academic motivation state questionnaire. Cronbach`s alpha coefficient for the total test was. 0.91, and for the subscales of interest in class and interpersonal communication 0.89, interest in competence and self – efficacy 0.68, interest in the course and field of study 0.67, and interest in praise and encouragement 0.76. Based on the performance of the participats, percentage norm table and categorical norm table were developed for the questionnar of academic state movtivation and its subscales. Highly valid and reliable tool with necessary standardization for application in educational and psychological research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - The comparison of attentional bias in relation to anxiety faces in adolescents with high and low state – trait anxiety
Sara Bakhshar Mohammadali Nazari Golamreza Chalabiyanlou Mahdi reza SarafrazThe aim of the present study was to investigate the attentional bias in relation to anxiety faces (happy, angry and neutral) among the female adolescents with high and low state-trait anxiety. The sample size was 60 adolescents female aged 16 to 18 with high state-trait MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the attentional bias in relation to anxiety faces (happy, angry and neutral) among the female adolescents with high and low state-trait anxiety. The sample size was 60 adolescents female aged 16 to 18 with high state-trait anxiety (n=30). To gather the data the Spilberger state-trait anxiety inventory was used. To assess the selective process, picture-pair Dot probe task was used. To analyse the data, analysis of variance with repeated measurement was used. The results showed that interaction between the state-trait anxiety and attentional bias was only significant for angry faces and for other emotional faces (happy and neutral) was not significant. This study indicated that the adolescents with high state-trait anxiety showed considerable vigilant comparing with angry faces, while the adolescents with low state-trait anxiety showed considerable avoidant comparing with the same faces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Infrastructures of knowledge management at Islamic Azad and State Universities of Qom from viewpoint of faculty members
faeze natqe Abbas Ali NorouziThe purpose of this study was to investigate and compareknowledge management Infrastructures status at Azad and State Universities of Qom from faculty members' viewpoint. The research method was descriptive (survey) and statistical population included 324 professors at MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate and compareknowledge management Infrastructures status at Azad and State Universities of Qom from faculty members' viewpoint. The research method was descriptive (survey) and statistical population included 324 professors at these universities; Using Morghan table 226 Faculty members were selected as the sample size. The method of sampling was stratified random sampling. Data were collected using Zamani et al. knowledge management questionnaire with 28 items in three technical, cultural and managerial dimensions with a reliability of 0.91. The results indicated that there was not an appropriate status in term of the infrastructures including technology, organizational culture and management for knowledge management establishment at these universities; therefore, the university administrators should consider this urgent need. However, IT status was relatively better than other factors and Azad University was better than Qom State University in managerial infrastructure. There was no significant difference between these universities in terms of their preparation in technological, cultural and managerial dimensions for establishment of knowledge management. Finally, considering the results of this study, some suggestions have been made to improve this situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - An Entrepreneurship-Oriented Human Resource Development Model for State Organizations: The Foundation Data Theory
javid rakhshani Habib Ebrahimpour Farzad Sattary ardabili Eshag Rasoli Mohammad HasanzadehHuman resource development is currently of paramount importance in state organizations owing to the intricacy of environmental conditions and the diversity of social needs. The purpose of this exploratory descriptive quantitative study was, thus, to present an entrepren MoreHuman resource development is currently of paramount importance in state organizations owing to the intricacy of environmental conditions and the diversity of social needs. The purpose of this exploratory descriptive quantitative study was, thus, to present an entrepreneurship-oriented human resource model for state organizations based on the foundation data theory. The research population included 15 professors working in human resource areas and managers and experts in human resource planning and management at state organizations in Ardabil province, Iran. The research data were systematically gleaned through administering a semi-structured interview and further coded selectively, openly and axially. The validity of the qualitative data was verified through expert views offered by research participants and the reliability of the interview was checked through interrater reliability. The results were indicative of 12 major and 33 minor factors in the form of a paradigmatic model comprising entrepreneurship-oriented human resource activities as the central scale, causal conditions (organizational accountability and competitiveness), contextual factors (the managers’ developmental tendencies, organizational culture, human resource development incentives), intervening variables (organizational atmosphere, dominant conventional executive approach), strategies (individual and organizational empowerment), and consequences (individual and organizational development). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - The Effect of Establishing E-government on Healthy System of Administration
Soleyman Iranzadeh Kamel DavoodiCorruption is a global phenomenon and is as old as human and government. Today, there is no society or country that can claim to have a healthy administrative and social system. Solutions to the problem of corruption are diverse and are based on the formulation of socia MoreCorruption is a global phenomenon and is as old as human and government. Today, there is no society or country that can claim to have a healthy administrative and social system. Solutions to the problem of corruption are diverse and are based on the formulation of social and political systems; measures such as raising the accountability in government institutions, transparency of rules, government downsizing, and executing the comprehensive projects of establishing e-government in the country can be posed. In the present study, the results of 400 respondents’ views on corruption have been pointed. The subjects were chosen by simple cluster sampling, and the questionnaire used in the study was adopted from the questionnaire designed by Naz (2005). The research examined three factors, the time of receiving services, cost of services, and bureaucratic red tape, and then, the hypotheses were put forward. One of the important results of this study is that e-government can not only help to reduce corruption but also be very effective on creating a strong relationship between the government and citizens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Evaluation of the Effects of Satisfaction and Website Usability in Developing Customer Loyalty, Efficiency, and Positive Word-of-mouth in the e-banking Services (Case Study: Tejarat Banks)
Razye Samadi pour Ali Khoshakhlag Hadirezgi ShirsavarThis study attempts to investigate the influence of satisfaction and usability of the website on productivity and positive oral statements of e-bank customers. The data were gathered fro MoreThis study attempts to investigate the influence of satisfaction and usability of the website on productivity and positive oral statements of e-bank customers. The data were gathered from the survey of 384 customers using e-commerce database, and for evaluating the effect of satisfaction and usability of the website on productivity and positive oral statements, hierarchical multivariable regression analysis (HMRA) was used through Lisrel software. The results of the study showed that the use of website has a direct impact on customer satisfaction in electronic banking business. Also customer satisfaction leads to productivity, and productivity results in positive oral statements made in e-banking business. Finally, customer satisfaction has a direct impact on positive oral statements and e-banking business productivity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - The Role of Islamic Republic of Iran in Promoting Economic Justice in the last Three Decades: The TVP Approach
Mohammad Ali Motafaker Azad Seyed Kamal Sadegi Seyed Abbas Mousaviyan Ahmad Asadzadeh Habib AghajaniA major concern in any social system including the Islamic Economic System has always been explication of the role of the government in economy and achieving economic justice. The aim of the present study, thus, was to explore the role of the government in fulfilling th MoreA major concern in any social system including the Islamic Economic System has always been explication of the role of the government in economy and achieving economic justice. The aim of the present study, thus, was to explore the role of the government in fulfilling the criteria for economic justice in Iran. To achieve the goal, we first estimated the descriptive statistics of various references to economic justice based on religious texts specifically the holy Koran, Sunna, and views of Islamic Experts. Further, the role of the government was investigated via the TVP approach and the Kalman Filter method in administration of justice over a 40-year period commencing from 1355. The findings revealed that the state development expenditure has constantly enhanced economic justice while current spending failed to promote economic justice criteria. Also, inflation has always been one of the impressive factors influencing and deteriorating economic justice parameters. In addition, economic growth has failed to promote economic justice criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - The Pattern of Optimized Financial Statement Evaluation: A Grounded Theory Analysis
Fatemeh Moridi Rezvan Hejazi Mohammad Hosein Ranjbar Hamid Reza VakilifardFinancial statements have been prepared in same form for a long time, which has led to some criticism. Therefore, the current research seeks to provide a model to examine the proposed changes in financial statements using grounded theory. After literature review and fra MoreFinancial statements have been prepared in same form for a long time, which has led to some criticism. Therefore, the current research seeks to provide a model to examine the proposed changes in financial statements using grounded theory. After literature review and framework determination, a semi-structured interview with university professors, accountants, auditors, and stockholders began. After depth conversations with 29 people due to saturation, the theoretical sampling ended. The data collection process was done by studying the research literature, interviewing, and referring to new sources. Data analysis was based on open, axial, and selective coding of Strauss and Carbin's grounded theory approach and a paradigm was formed. The Axial category is “tests”, which was influenced by inputs including causal conditions (including points, do, don'ts), contextual conditions (including tests and subjects) and interfering conditions (including functional, individual), causing different strategies (including time, emotions, confidence, effectiveness) and consequences (including time, emotions, confidence, effectiveness). The features of the new financial statements, the conditions of the tests and subjects, and the control variables are the inputs of this model. Conducting the test follows the reaction of the participants, which will be quantitatively expressed through valid scales. These outcomes include "feelings", "confidence", "efficiency" and "effectiveness". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - The Relationship between Comparability of Financial Statements and Asymmetric Behavior of Costs with Considering the Moderating Role of Institutional Investors’ Ownership
Shirin Shahbazi Shirin Shahbazi یونس بادآور نهندیThe asymmetric behavior of costs is one of the phenomena that originates from the conflict of interests between managers and owners. The ability to compare financial statements by determining the level of coordination between the accounting procedures of different compa MoreThe asymmetric behavior of costs is one of the phenomena that originates from the conflict of interests between managers and owners. The ability to compare financial statements by determining the level of coordination between the accounting procedures of different companies makes the information environment transparent and provides the possibility of correct evaluation of performance and optimal allocation of resources. Institutional owners, as one of the pillars of the corporate governance system, play an important role in monitoring management. Based on this, the current research examines the relationship between the comparability of financial statements and the asymmetric behavior of costs with considering the moderating role of institutional investors’ ownership. The statistical population of the research include the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange for the years since 2013 to 2020, and 139 Firms were selected as a statistical sample using the systematic elimination method. The research method is post-event and the data analysis method is multivariate linear regression. The results of the research showed that, there is a negative relationship between comparability of financial statements and asymmetric behavior of costs. Also, ownership of institutional investors exacerbates the negative relationship between comparability of financial statements and asymmetric behavior of costs. Therefore, the comparability of financial statements and the ownership of institutional investors play a complementary role in reducing the negative consequences of conflicts of interest between managers and owners and providing the goal of optimal use of resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - The Impact of Political Connection & Financial Misstatement on Agency Costs: Evidences from Political Agency Hypothesis
Mohammad HassaniThis paper assessed the impact of political connection and financial misstatement on agency costs especially in politically connected firms. Agency cost is measured using the ratio of operational expenses to operational sales revenues index. Also, politically governance MoreThis paper assessed the impact of political connection and financial misstatement on agency costs especially in politically connected firms. Agency cost is measured using the ratio of operational expenses to operational sales revenues index. Also, politically governance affiliation in either board structure or ownership structure is considered as a proxy of political connection. In addition, managers' multi-period incentives to misstate earnings in financial reporting are based on accruals earnings management. Research population using screening method consists of 204 firms listed in Tehran Securities & Exchange over 10 years period during March 2013 to March 2023. Research hypotheses investigated through multivariate regression models using panel data with fixed effect and generalized least squares method by E.Views software. Empirical findings documented that political connected firms have high level of agency costs significantly. Also, more managerial incentives to misstate earnings in financial reporting lead to increase agency costs level significantly. In addition, high level of earnings misstatement in politically connected firms caused to upward the agency costs level; In fact, these events enhance the interest conflict resulting from agency problems. So, it is aligned to political agency hypothesis, according to which the managers in politically connected firms, provoke agency conflicts due to opportunistic motives and harmful consequences of political connection. Other findings showed that the level of financial reporting misstatement and agency costs in politically connected firms has a significant difference compared to firms without political connection. This indicates the harmful consequences of political connections in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Identifying the Management Categories of the Evaluating and Monitoring System for the Realization of the Resistance Economy Policies with an Emphasis on Ayatollah Khamenei’s Statements
Ehsan Mahdavi Sanjar Salajegheh Masoud Pourkiani Saeed Sayadi Alireza Arabpour -
Open Access Article
305 - Modelling Dependency of the Steady-State Grain Size on the Stacking Fault Energy in Severely Plastic Deformed Materials
Maryam Bahmanpour Majid Abdellahi -
Open Access Article
306 - Effects of reaction temperature and raw material type on optical properties and crystal phase growth of Solid state synthesized NiSb2O6 nanomaterials
Alireza Hakimyfard -
Open Access Article
307 - Bismuth Pyromangenate: Hydrothermal and Solid State Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties
Mahdi Behzad Shahin khademinia -
Open Access Article
308 - Analysis of Military, Political, and Economic Equations between Iran and the United States in the Persian Gulf Region
Sajjad Alifarja heidar lotfi Majid vali Shariat Panahi aliasghar esmailpor roshanThe Persian Gulf region has always been subject to the turbulence of political, economic, and military strategies pursued by regional and extra-regional countries. The aim of this article is to analyze and examine the military, political, and economic equations between MoreThe Persian Gulf region has always been subject to the turbulence of political, economic, and military strategies pursued by regional and extra-regional countries. The aim of this article is to analyze and examine the military, political, and economic equations between Iran and the United States in the Persian Gulf region. The main question of this article is that what are the military, political, and economic equations between Iran and the United States in the Persian Gulf region are. A descriptive method was used to gather theoretical and conceptual literature for the research, and a hierarchical analysis method was employed to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire. Also a survey method was used to test the hypotheses. A preliminary sample was used to examine the reliability of the questionnaire, and with the obtained Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87, the questionnaire's reliability was confirmed. The final questionnaire was then provided to the experts in the field of regional security. Opinions of 25 experts were collected and analyzed using the SPSS statistical software. The results of the article indicate that the geographic location of the region has specific sensitivity for both countries. However, what is important for the United States in this region is the continuity of its consumption role and the enhancement of its cultural and ideological position. Conversely, for Iran, strengthening cultural and ideological influence and reducing dependence on military and industrial consumption have greater significance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - A Comparative Analysis of the Relationship between Development and Urbanization in Iran and the World
Kaveh Aminnedzad Bakhtyar EzaatpanahSo far, the process of urbanization in different parts of the world and from different aspects has been discussed, one of the aspects of the topics and focus areas of the city that has attracted many researchers. Dedication and effort in examining the relationship betwe MoreSo far, the process of urbanization in different parts of the world and from different aspects has been discussed, one of the aspects of the topics and focus areas of the city that has attracted many researchers. Dedication and effort in examining the relationship between cities and the urbanization of countries can discuss and present an assessment of the degree of health or lack of healthcare developments of socio – economic status. In this way, the stronger the correlation between development and urbanization process, the more developed and improved from socio - economic status it will be. Having this purpose in mind, primarily the researcher has spent time analyzing the urbanization systems in the North and the South Countries referring to such indexes as Net Gross Product while addressing Provinces in Iran the amount of income along with the achieved profit and comparing them with the rate of urbanization across the country. In this paper an analytical - comparative method is deployed to research the advantage and the measure of development and urbanization of Iran along with rating provincial ranking techniques. The results show that the strength and degree of correlation between economic and human development indicates poor correlation between urbanization process and indicators of human development; an understanding that does not follow any predictable pattern of change and development . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Solid state synthesis, crystal structure, evaluation of direct and indirect band gap energies and optimization of reaction parameters for As2Ni3O8 nanomaterials
Alireza Hakimyfard shahin khademinia masumeh rahimkhani -
Open Access Article
311 - High efficient solar light photocatalytic degradation of malachite green by solid state synthesized Bi2Sn2O7 and Bi2MxSn2O7 ﴾M = Y3+, Eu3+, Gd3+ and Yb3+) nanomaterials
Ladan Roohandeh Alireza Hakimyfard Mohammad Samimifar -
Open Access Article
312 - The photo degradation of methyl red in aqueous solutions by α-Fe2O3/SiO2 nano photocatalyst
Majid Saghi Aref Shokri Ali Arastehnodeh Mohammad Khazaeinejad Atena Nozari -
Open Access Article
313 - Solid state synthesis, crystal structure, evaluation of direct and indirect band gap energies and optimization of reaction parameters for As2Ni3O8 nanomaterials
Alireza Hakimyfard Shahin Khademinia Masumeh Rahimkhani -
Open Access Article
314 - The photo degradation of methyl red in aqueous solutions by α-Fe2O3/SiO2 nano photocatalyst
Majid Saghi Aref Shokri Ali Arastehnodeh Mohammad Khazaeinejad Atena Nozari -
Open Access Article
315 - High efficient solar light photocatalytic degradation of malachite green by solid state synthesized Bi2Sn2O7 and Bi2MxSn2O7 (M = Y3+, Eu3+, Gd3+ and Yb3+) nanomaterials
hassan GHEISARI Ebrahim Karamian Ali Soheily -
Open Access Article
316 - Optimization of Energy for Tracking of the Magnetic Levitation Ball Using the SDRE Technique
Seyyed Mostafa Ghadami -
Open Access Article
317 - Heartbeat ECG Tracking Systems Using Observer Based Nonlinear Controller
Mina Ali Akbar Semnani Ahmadreza Vali Seyed Mahdi Hakimi vahid behnamgol -
Open Access Article
318 - Analysis and Simulation of Load Frequency Control in Power System with Reheater Steam Turbine
Mehdi Riahinasab Neda Behzadfar Homa Movahednejad -
Open Access Article
319 - Improvement of LVRT Capability of Wind Farms by Using SMES and R-Type BFCL
Masoud ‎ Radmehr‎ Seyyedeh Maral Moharreri koushalshah -
Open Access Article
320 - Constructive components for the productivity of a good ruler in the entrepreneurial government and providing a practical model: with emphasis on the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Hadi Abolfathiin order to attract and develop material and human capital and achieve self-sufficiency in employment and earning income, in addition to identifying the characteristics of an entrepreneurial government and a good ruler, governments must design a model so that a good rul Morein order to attract and develop material and human capital and achieve self-sufficiency in employment and earning income, in addition to identifying the characteristics of an entrepreneurial government and a good ruler, governments must design a model so that a good ruler can be efficient in the field of entrepreneurship. To be effective, the purpose of this study is to provide a combined model of entrepreneurial government and good governance in the body of Iran. in the qualitative dimension of the field experts with a doctorate degree in public administration of University is 33 people and in the quantitative dimension, the general managers of government executive bodies is 400 people. The sample size is 30 people in the qualitative section and 196 people in the quantitative sectionThe assessment tool in the qualitative section is an interview form that was prepared based on open and axial coding, with 2 dimensions, 23 components and 145 indicators. In the quantitative part, the interview form was converted into a questionnaire by the researcher and analyzed using a confirmatory factor test, which was approved with a difference of 6 components and 38 indicators. Findings of the research in the qualitative part showed that the combined model of entrepreneurial government and good governance in the body of the Islamic Republic of Iran consisting of 2 dimensions with 23 components and 145 indicators, the result of the qualitative dimension was confirmed that 6 components and 38 indicators in The quantitative dimension is less than the qualitative dimension Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Presenting the model of Islamic government based on Islamic management and modern government management
Mahmood Bagheri Aflatoon Amiri Yaser Salary Ameneh FiroozabadiThe Islamic State is a new strategic concept in the civilizational vision of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution (Mod Zaleh Al-Ali), which has not been documented and the lack of a strong background regarding this concept, the design of the model of the Islamic MoreThe Islamic State is a new strategic concept in the civilizational vision of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution (Mod Zaleh Al-Ali), which has not been documented and the lack of a strong background regarding this concept, the design of the model of the Islamic State to move in the second step. Revolution and achievement of new Islamic civilization is necessary. This research was conducted with the aim of presenting the model of Islamic government based on Islamic management and modern government management in the general administrations of Fars province. The current research is developmental-applicative in terms of purpose and survey in terms of nature. The statistical population of this research includes 131,719 employees of the general offices of Fars province, based on the Morgan-Jersey table, a sample size of 384 people was selected by simple random method. The tool for collecting information in this research is a questionnaire whose face and content validity was confirmed by a group of experts and the content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated as 0.976. . Validation and fit of the research model was also measured in the form of structural equations using partial least squares method and SmartPLS-3 software. The results showed that the measurement model has good validity and fit, and the quality of the model is good, and there is a significant relationship between modern public administration and Islamic government and Islamic administration and Islamic government in the general administrations of Fars province; according to this; Both variables of Islamic Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - The Comparative Study of Entrepreneurship Education at High School: Iran vs. Selected European Countries (A Qualitative Study)
Farnoosh kavepisheh Kourosh Fathi Vajargah Mahboubeh Arefi Mohammad Hassan Mobaraki -
Open Access Article
323 - Investigating the situation of environmental education components in the text books of the first secondary school with emphasis on the statement of the second step of the revolution
Fatemeh Azizzadeh Mohsen Dehghani ghanatghestani Kolsum Nami Mahmood Sabbahizadeh -
Open Access Article
324 - Historical background of rebellion and repentance in Islamic government
Jafar Nasseri Mohammad hosein Nazemi ashani Alireza Salimi Seyed Alireza HosseiniRebellion is one of the most important topics of political and governmental jurisprudence in the history of Islam, the origin of which is verse 9 of surah hojorut. If two groups of Muslims fight and fight against each other, peace and reconciliation must be established MoreRebellion is one of the most important topics of political and governmental jurisprudence in the history of Islam, the origin of which is verse 9 of surah hojorut. If two groups of Muslims fight and fight against each other, peace and reconciliation must be established between them, and if one group overcomes and oppresses the other, they must rise up against the oppressor to fight the cause of God. But most jurists refer to this verse as the exclusion of obedience from the righteous Imam. According to the arguments and evidences in the era of rebellion absenteeism, there are also exiles against the Imam's successor, who is also the universal supreme leader, in other words a rebellion and an uprising and uprising, etc. Confrontation with the insurgents and the rebels is carried out by the Supreme Leader and the Islamic ruler. Based on the Alawite Book and Sire, and the Islamic state due to its importance and position from the beginning, especially during the reign of Imam Ali and the Prophet. Islam is confronted with such behaviors with the axis of the jurisdiction. Therefore, for any kind of treatment with the Outlaws, one should turn to the Prophet's function and, before taking any violent action against the Outlaws, give them guidance and guidance and answer any possible doubts. The main purpose of this article is to study the subject of rhetoric in historical and jurisprudential manner, using descriptive analytical method and library study tools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - The formation of the Tudeh Party and its efforts to transfer the North's oil concession to the Soviet Union
Azim RafizadehIn examining the impact of oil on the relations between the two countries of Iran and Russia, it turns out that they were trying to reach the Iranian oil resources in some cases, one in 1299/1921and the other in 1920/1941. At the time of Iran's occupation of the Second MoreIn examining the impact of oil on the relations between the two countries of Iran and Russia, it turns out that they were trying to reach the Iranian oil resources in some cases, one in 1299/1921and the other in 1920/1941. At the time of Iran's occupation of the Second World War, the Russians, though at every turn did not succeed in their goals, during the occupation of Iran in September 1941 by the Allies they used all the necessary tools. For example, they used the Tudeh Party, the first and most organized Leftist party in Iran, to achieve its oil targets. At this stage, the Russian Foreign Ministry Deputy Foreign Minister, Sergey Kavtaradze came to Iran and formally requested for a license to exploit North Oil. The Tudeh Party, while previously opposed to any transfer of privilege to foreigners, when the Soviet Union- their spiritual and co-professional supporters came out, by providing the Balance Scheme they granted the southern oil share to the British and the North Sea's privilege to the Soviet Union. Because the American companies were set to exploit the oil scorecard in northern Iran, immediately the Soviet Union entered the scene and the Tudeh party also met with them. In this context, the efforts of the Tudeh Party to satisfy the Iranian government and parliament in order to agree with the Soviet demand for oil in their own way can be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - Investigation and measures of the consequences of modernization and creation of a new national identity in the first Pahlavi period
Hojjat Abbasi Torki Monireh Kazemi Rashed MohammadTaghi Emami KhoeiSince the second half of the nineteenth century, modernity and its various aspects, such as the modern state and national identity, have been the main issue discussed by Iranian elites. In this study, the modernity and ideological and historical origins of Iranian natio MoreSince the second half of the nineteenth century, modernity and its various aspects, such as the modern state and national identity, have been the main issue discussed by Iranian elites. In this study, the modernity and ideological and historical origins of Iranian nationalism in the post-constitutional period and the change of Qajar monarchy have been studied. Internal riots and crises and relentless foreign intervention in the country have led constitutionalist intellectuals seeking a new approach to breaking the deadlock to ensure the well-being of the masses without their participation in the political and social process. The fundamental thinking that emerged during this period was in fact a reflection of the chaotic situation of the time, which on the one hand sought to form a powerful central government that could end the turmoil, and on the other hand the prevalence of nationalism that could end long-standing attachments. Eliminate religious, sectarian, ethnic and local and replace it with national identity. The main issue in this research is the study of influential intellectual circles and prominent figures of these schools of thought, which sought to create national unity among the ethnic groups living in Iran through nation-building. Examination of the data shows that the creation of a homogeneous society and one language endangers the basis of national unity, and on the other hand, the recognition of different ethnic groups, unites all political and ethnic groups and leads to political and social development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - The Analysis of Pricing Behavior of Firms in the Iranian Economy, Applying Wavelet Transforms Method
Pooya MohammadMehdi Reza Najarzade Hassan HeydariThis paper investigates the adaptability of (TDP) models for pricing patterns in Iranian economy. For this purpose, price sub-indexes monthly time-series in the period of 2014(4) to 2017(11) are used. Moreover, appropriate wavelet transformation method is applied to ext MoreThis paper investigates the adaptability of (TDP) models for pricing patterns in Iranian economy. For this purpose, price sub-indexes monthly time-series in the period of 2014(4) to 2017(11) are used. Moreover, appropriate wavelet transformation method is applied to extract pricing patterns from the time-series. Based on our findings, firstly heterogeneity is observed between pricing patterns of distinct groups of goods and services significantly which is inconsistent with (TDP) models assumption about the random distribution of price changing signals. Secondly, the pricing patterns changes over time which does not match with the assumption of uniform distribution of random signal during the time. As a result, the (TDP) models are not able to explain the pricing behavior patterns of the Iranian economy and the alternative approaches such as state-dependent pricing or rationally inattentive methods can be applied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - The Effect of OPEC Statements on Fluctuations in Crude Oil Prices
Fariba Shahbodaghlou Aliasghar Esmaeilnia gatabi azadeh mehrabian ROYA SEIFIPOUR The purpose of this article is to examine the effect of OPEC statements (whether increasing, decreasing or not changing supply) on oil price fluctuations in crude oil markets. For this purpose, conditional heterogeneity and variable control variance models have b More The purpose of this article is to examine the effect of OPEC statements (whether increasing, decreasing or not changing supply) on oil price fluctuations in crude oil markets. For this purpose, conditional heterogeneity and variable control variance models have been used to investigate the effect of statements on Brent and WTI crude oil price fluctuations during the period 1987-2019 based on the event analysis approach. The findings show that OPEC statements have a significant effect on the turmoil in the oil market, and the type of statements varies on crude oil market fluctuations, and this effect has diminished over time. Based on the results, members' solidarity in the field of planning and coordinated implementation of decisions for maximum impact on the crude oil market is proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - Role of Financial Development in Monetary Policy Effectiveness in determinate of Input and inflation
Seyedeh Maryam Monfared Teymoor Mohammadi mohammad khezri Oranoos ParivarThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of financial development on efficiency of monetary policy in Iran during 1979-2020. The ratio of banks' domestic credit to GDP was considered as an indicator of financial development based on banking sector and rati MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of financial development on efficiency of monetary policy in Iran during 1979-2020. The ratio of banks' domestic credit to GDP was considered as an indicator of financial development based on banking sector and ratio of the value of stock market transactions to GDP was considered as an indicator of financial development based on the capital market. In this regard, 4 models were introduced to achieve research objectives and were estimated using the Kalman-Filter approach. The results of estimating the first two models of the research showed that with improvement of financial development indicators, the efficiency of monetary policy in influencing economic growth will decrease. The results of estimating the third and fourth models of the study also showed that effect of financial development indicators on efficiency of monetary policy in impact on inflation has been negative and statistically significant, meaning that with improvement of financial development indicators in country, monetary policies will lead to lower inflation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - state dependent values of tax multiplier in iran
negin heidarizadeh sayed.yahya abtahi zohreh tabatabaeinasab mohamadali dehghantaftiChanges in taxes under different conditions of output growth can have completely different macroeconomic effects, and in this regard, some empirical evidence emphasizes the non-linearity and state-dependent effects of fiscal policy. This paper examines the state-depende MoreChanges in taxes under different conditions of output growth can have completely different macroeconomic effects, and in this regard, some empirical evidence emphasizes the non-linearity and state-dependent effects of fiscal policy. This paper examines the state-dependent behavior of tax multiplier in Iran. Accordingly, a threshold model of specification presented by Romer and Romer (2010) is used to examine the coefficients related to the status of tax revenues to examine the effects of fiscal policies on output in the Iranian economy. The results of this study using quarterly data 1369: 02- 1398: 04 show that tax multiplier in low and medium regimes of economic growth is not significant. But the rising tax multiplier in a high-growth regime is quite significant. Also, increasing tax multiplier coefficients become smaller in periods of low economic growth, and these coefficients become larger in periods of high growth than in the entire sample period. Thus, tax policies in good times are quite effective tools, and the results emphasize the role of tax policies as a stabilizing tool by using the "right tool" at the "right time". Thus, although tax policies do not play an effective role during a recession, they can become a very effective tool for stabilizing and sustaining economic growth during a boom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - Time-varying Effects of Inflation Determinants: State-space Models
m. khezri B. Sahabi K. Yavari H. HeidariAbstract Based on the importance of inflation in Iran economy, paying careful attention to inflation determinants is essential. According to the results of various studies, the evaluation of inflaion determinants by using standard VAR model leads to wrong conclusions d MoreAbstract Based on the importance of inflation in Iran economy, paying careful attention to inflation determinants is essential. According to the results of various studies, the evaluation of inflaion determinants by using standard VAR model leads to wrong conclusions due to omitted variables bias in VAR model. The problem of price puzzle in the empirical literature is an example. In this study, for a more accurate assessment of the determinants of inflation in Iran economy and forecasting the inflation, TVP-VAR models are used to model the inflation instead of VAR model with constant coefficients. So that the variables of GDP, growth of monetary basis, inflation, exchange rates,banks interest rates and inflation uncertainty are modeled. The results represent changeable relationships between variables over time and the impact of economic conditions on the effects of variables on each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - Asymmetric Effects of Monetary Shocks on Real Output in Iran: A Markov-Switching Approach
Hosein Shariri Renani Razieh Salehi Sara GhobadiAn important issue in macroeconomics is the effect of monetary shocks on macroeconomic variables. How monetary shocks affect the real production in different economic situations such as recession and expansion is vital for policy makings and the effectiveness of the pol MoreAn important issue in macroeconomics is the effect of monetary shocks on macroeconomic variables. How monetary shocks affect the real production in different economic situations such as recession and expansion is vital for policy makings and the effectiveness of the policies. So, this research tries to test and analyze the asymmetric impacts of monetary shocks on the productions in Iran by using seasonal Time Series Data during 1999-2008 and Markov-Switching model. The results indicate that negative and positive monetary policies in recession and also expansion period have asymmetric effects on domestic production growth. In general, monetary shocks are more effective in recession than expansion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Investigating the relationship between strengths and weaknesses of social responsibility with financial statement comparability (Empirical evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange)
Hossein Eslami Mofid Abadi Amir Sina Rezai Seyed Mohammad Reza KhalilzadeThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the strengths and weaknesses of social responsibility and the comparability of financial statements. This research is from the perspective of process, the type of data studied and the result from MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the strengths and weaknesses of social responsibility and the comparability of financial statements. This research is from the perspective of process, the type of data studied and the result from the type of quantitative-applied, from the perspective of purpose and logic from the type of correlation analysis and deductive-inductive and from the perspective of time dimension also from the longitudinal type of event. To test the research hypotheses, the financial information of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period between 2004 to 2018 has been used, so that after applying the restrictions in this research, the final sample consisting of 121 companies was selected. After the operational measurement of the research variables, in the next step, multivariate linear regression analysis techniques have been used to test the research hypotheses. Hypothesis testing is also performed using econometric software (Eviews) and statistical methods of integrated data. The results of statistical tests show that with increasing positive points of corporate social responsibility, the ability to compare financial statements also increases. In addition, the weaknesses of social responsibility Reduces the comparability of financial statements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - The Effect of Comparability of Financial Statements on Stock Price Crash Risk with Emphasis on the Role of Management Ability in Tehran Stock Exchange
Abdolkarim Farhanian Allah Karam SalehiImproving the quality feature of comparability in financial statements enables users to better assess the similarities and differences related to economic activities between different companies over time and to be able to allocate their resources optimally. The main pur MoreImproving the quality feature of comparability in financial statements enables users to better assess the similarities and differences related to economic activities between different companies over time and to be able to allocate their resources optimally. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of comparability of financial statements on stock price crash risk with emphasis on the role of management ability in Tehran Stock Exchange, which was done using the information of 119 companies during the period 2014 to 2020. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the management ability and the stock price crash risk and there is a nagative and significant relationship between the financial statements comparability and stock price crash risk. The results also indicate the adjustment effect of management ability on the relationship between comparability of financial statements and the stock price crash risk. Therefore, it can be concluded that managers, based on the agency theory and conflict of interest between managers and owners, may use their intelligence and talent to achieve personal return or due to overconfidence and hoarding of bad news, cause price bubbles and eventually stock price crash risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - The effect of capital structure and operating cycles on the relationship between comparability of financial statements and holding cash
Mohammadreza Mehrabanpour Farzin Rezaei Maryam Moradi Leila MoradiIncreasing the comparability of financial statements leads to lower agency costs and the need to keep cash. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between comparability of financial statements and cash retention and the effect of capit MoreIncreasing the comparability of financial statements leads to lower agency costs and the need to keep cash. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between comparability of financial statements and cash retention and the effect of capital structure and operational cycles on the relationship between comparability of financial statements and retention of cash. To achieve the objectives of the study, the data of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2014 to 2018 were tested using multiple linear regressions using panel data. The findings show that increasing the comparability of financial statements significantly reduces the retention of corporate cash. Evidence also suggests that there is no significant effect of capital structure and operational cycles on the relationship between the comparability of financial statements and the retention of cash. The results show that investors and creditors in their economic decisions rely on the financial statements of companies, so it is worthwhile to standardize and monitor institutions as well as the company's governing bodies. . They attach special importance to the ability to compare financial information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Examining the moderating role of politcal connections of the board in the relationship between related party transactions and earnings management
Ahmad Abdollahi Yasser Rezaei PitenoeiAccording to the conflict of interest theory, related-party transactions typically occur when a company’s assets are withdrawn in the interest of related parties, and to hide this, managers engage in earnings management. Accordingly, the present study aims at inve MoreAccording to the conflict of interest theory, related-party transactions typically occur when a company’s assets are withdrawn in the interest of related parties, and to hide this, managers engage in earnings management. Accordingly, the present study aims at investigating the link between related-party transactions and earnings management in the firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In addition, it seeks to answer whether political connections moderate this association. To this end, the present study adopts related-party transactions as the independent variable, political connections as the moderating variable, and discretionary accruals as the dependent variable. The statistical population of the research consists of 86 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2015-2019. The research hypotheses were tested using a multivariate regression model based on panel data. The findings reveal that related-party transactions are significantly correlated with earnings management. Also, the membership of political figures on the firms’ boards intensifies the relationship between related-party transactions and earnings management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Possible Responses to Cyber Attacks from the perspective of International Law
Azar GivkeyCyber-attacks, while as easy as pushing a button, can have devastating and possibly catastrophic consequences such as the destruction, disabling or malfunctioning of critical infrastructure. Such an inevitable action certainly has to be timely and appropriately responde MoreCyber-attacks, while as easy as pushing a button, can have devastating and possibly catastrophic consequences such as the destruction, disabling or malfunctioning of critical infrastructure. Such an inevitable action certainly has to be timely and appropriately responded by the affected states. Although the issue of international responsibility of states, as a broad concept of cyber-attacks, faces many challenges, assuming that the aggrieved State is able to identify the source of the cyber-attack and also able to attribute the same to a country, the question that arises is: what legal solutions exist for the aggrieved government in order to respond appropriately and realize its right. In this article, which has employed library studies and analytical and descriptive methodology, we intend to examine the types of possible responses to cyber-attacks by the aggrieved governments and the conditions for using each of the possible responses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Right to “Self-Defense” against Cyber-attacks with an Emphasis on the Attacks of the United States of America
Saeid Eid koshayesh Hossein Sorayaii Azar jahangir bagheriHostile actions and resorting to coercive force in the cyberspace fields are very important issues that could challenge fundamental principles of the international law. Many States consider the cyberspace as a battlefield and intend to inflict damages through it to thei MoreHostile actions and resorting to coercive force in the cyberspace fields are very important issues that could challenge fundamental principles of the international law. Many States consider the cyberspace as a battlefield and intend to inflict damages through it to their opponent states. United States is considered an avant-garde in these issues. The United States possess many advanced technologies in cyberspace field. In this respect, the necessity of self-defense (legitime defense) against cyber-attacks seems inevitable, although from “treaty law” point of view it lacks the basic internationally supported legislations. It remains to be clarified whether the 51th Article of the United Nations Charter could be used as a legal base for cyber self-defense or not and if that could be entitled self-defense or not. This study employs descriptive-analytical method through data analyzing system. Findings of this study indicate that in the event of a cyber-attack by a State or its agents, a cyber-self-defense could be legally justifiable provided that the legal conditions of the self-defense such as compatibility of self-defense with the attacks and some other international law principles (principle of non-use of force for example) are met, Of course, in the path of self-defense, the principle of proportionality must be observed as the main rule, and as soon as the Security Council effectively intervenes in the crisis, the defense must be terminated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Sliding Mode Control of Gas Turbine Based on Adaptive Nonlinear Observer
Hamed Tabibi Mohsen ParsaAccording to the critical role of gas turbines in the industry, monitoring the performance of gas turbines is an important issue since it can prevent unexpected shutdowns and the serious consequent financial harms. One of the most important parts of a gas turbine is the MoreAccording to the critical role of gas turbines in the industry, monitoring the performance of gas turbines is an important issue since it can prevent unexpected shutdowns and the serious consequent financial harms. One of the most important parts of a gas turbine is the combustion chamber. Although the internal pressure and temperature of the combustion chamber can directly affect the performance and useful life of this part, however, it is not possible to measure it directly through sensors. Therefore, estimation of pressure variable is a good choice to achieve greater performance and more relative stability comparing with the methods in which there is no access to the internal pressure of the chamber. In this research, a suitable nonlinear dynamic model with produced power and exhausted gas temperature as its outputs is chosen. Thereafter, an adaptive surface sliding observer is designed in order to estimate the combustion pressure and temperature which are the state variables of the gas turbine. Afterward, utilizing a sliding mode controller and applying the estimated states, the produced power and exhaustion gas temperature of the gas turbine is controlled. In this paper, the stability of the closed-loop system in the presence of the state observer through the Lyapunov approach is guaranteed. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the validity and efficiency of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - A Novel Approach for Comprehensive State-space Modeling of the Multilevel Grid Connected Inverters
Hassan Manafi Miralilu Mahdi Salimi Jafar Soltani Adel AkbarimajdIn this paper, a novel approach for comprehensive state-space modelling of the grid connected multi-level inverters is proposed. Details of the developed method is presented using cascaded H-bridge converters, however it can be applied to other topologies of the grid co MoreIn this paper, a novel approach for comprehensive state-space modelling of the grid connected multi-level inverters is proposed. Details of the developed method is presented using cascaded H-bridge converters, however it can be applied to other topologies of the grid connected inverters as well. In multi-level converters, due to their nonlinear characteristic, application of the nonlinear controllers is more beneficial to ensure stability of the system in a wide range of operation. Hence, the state-space model is required to design a nonlinear controller. To achieve converter model, it is divided into some sub-circuits considering different operational intervals in a switching cycle. To verify accuracy and effectiveness of the obtained state-space model, a laboratory setup of a multi-level. Converter with two H-bridges has been designed and implemented. Also, results of the developed state-space model has been compared with the simulation/experimental results of the grid-connected converter. According to the simulation and experimental result, accuracy of the model is verified. It should be noted that all of the simulations have been performed by EMTDC/PSCAD toolbox. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - Optimal Operation of Distribution Electronic Power Transformer Using Linear Quadratic Regulator Method
Mohammad Hosein Rezaei Rahmatolah Hooshmand Mohammad AtaeiTransformers perform many functions such as voltage transformation, isolation and noise decoupling. They are indispensable components in electric power distribution system. However, at low frequencies (50 Hz), they are one of the heaviest and the most expensive equipmen MoreTransformers perform many functions such as voltage transformation, isolation and noise decoupling. They are indispensable components in electric power distribution system. However, at low frequencies (50 Hz), they are one of the heaviest and the most expensive equipment in an electrical distribution system. Nowadays, electronic power transformers are used instead of conventional power transformers that do voltage transformation and power delivery in power system by power electronic converter. In this paper, the structure of distribution electronic power transformer (DEPT) are analized and then paid attention on the design of a linear-quadratic-regulator (LQR) with integral action to improve dynamic performance of DEPT with voltage unbalance, voltage sags, voltage harmonics and voltage flicker. The presentation control strategy is simulated by MATLAB/SIMULINK. In addition, the results that are in terms of dc-link reference voltage, input and output voltages clearly show that a better dynamic performance can be achieved by using the LQR method when compared to other techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - Design of an Optimal Fuzzy Controller for Hover mode of Finite Degree of Freedom a Laboratory Twin Rotor Model
Sina Ameli Alireza Fatehi Mohamad AtaeiA twin rotor model has nonlinear dynamics and it’s a multivariable system. A twin rotor model is an unstable plant with high level of interaction between some of its variables. Therefore, controlling a twin rotor model is very difficult and to control it we must u MoreA twin rotor model has nonlinear dynamics and it’s a multivariable system. A twin rotor model is an unstable plant with high level of interaction between some of its variables. Therefore, controlling a twin rotor model is very difficult and to control it we must use special strategies. A fuzzy controller is a kind of nonlinear controller. It can control a plant without a mathematical model or a poor model. In this paper, we designed a fuzzy controller for a laboratory twin rotor model with finite degree of freedom. The fuzzy controller is designed based on optimal controller strategies. The proposed method has a better performance than state feedback optimal controller. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Steady State Analysis of LCLC Resonant Converter with Capacitive Output Filter
Navid Shafiyi Hosein Farzanehfard Mehrdad JafarbolandThis paper presents the mathematical analysis and modeling of a 4th order LCLC resonant converter with capacitive output filter in steady-state condition. Due to the nonlinearity of the LCLC resonant circuit with capacitive output filter, the conventional modeling proce MoreThis paper presents the mathematical analysis and modeling of a 4th order LCLC resonant converter with capacitive output filter in steady-state condition. Due to the nonlinearity of the LCLC resonant circuit with capacitive output filter, the conventional modeling procedure cannot thoroughly describe the behavior of the converter. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed that can accommodate the absence of the output inductor and predict the converter performance for a wide range of operating conditions. A 2.25KW prototype converter is provided to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model. Experimental results show that the proposed model can precisely predict the behavior of the converter for a wide range of operating conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Assesment and Analyze Hybride Control System in Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator Based Current Source Converter
Sayed Mohammad Ali Zanjani Zahra Azimi Mostafa AzimiWith the rapid technology advancement in control processes, electric utilities are experiencing more demanding requirements on the power quality from the large industrial power consumers. For achieved this purpose use of FACTS devices. One of kind compensator is D-Statc MoreWith the rapid technology advancement in control processes, electric utilities are experiencing more demanding requirements on the power quality from the large industrial power consumers. For achieved this purpose use of FACTS devices. One of kind compensator is D-Statcom, using in distribution system for conquest of power quality problem. This paper presents system modeling and control design techniques of distribution static synchronous compensator. For reach an optimal design, using a hybride state-feedback and d-q control systems. Using direct sampling on network parameter, than conventional control system, as well as fast dynamic responses are achieved. The derived simulations are tried to verify the result of this paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Investigating the Role of Government and NGOs on the Development of Modern Tourism Diplomacy in Iran.
kourosh roomiani mahmouAbstract: In the 21th century, tourism has become the most important factor in connecting people to one society and other communities. According to one of the tasks of official diplomacy, one country must convince other countries to send tourists. Studies show that the MoreAbstract: In the 21th century, tourism has become the most important factor in connecting people to one society and other communities. According to one of the tasks of official diplomacy, one country must convince other countries to send tourists. Studies show that the tourism industry and tourism diplomacy as the most profitable industry in the world, due to the political and security view of tourism, the existence of highly centralized government structures has led to low participation of NGOs, so tourism appears to be on the rise. In particular, foreign policy related to tourism in Iran has not received the attention of policymakers and the planning system. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the required data were obtained from a set of diplomacy policies, tourism laws and regulations, and other domestic and foreign surveys and related external sources. And what impact do NGOs in Iran have on the development of tourism diplomacy? The results of the study show that tourism in the current situation where widespread sanctions and a resilient economy is the main issue of the country can be achieved with the participation of government and NGOs at the appropriate level.Keywords: Diplomacy (Tourism), Tourism, NGOs, Local Governments. Department of State . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - The Rate of Using Components of standards in Designing Electronic Courses in Educational Contents of State-Virtual Universities in Iran
Salma Elahiyan Firouz Kamian KhazaeiThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of using standards of designing electronic courses in educational contents of state-virtual universities in Iran. The method of the study was a descriptive-survey one. The statistical population was the educational cont MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of using standards of designing electronic courses in educational contents of state-virtual universities in Iran. The method of the study was a descriptive-survey one. The statistical population was the educational content of electronic courses in state-virtual universities such as University of Science and Technology, and Shiraz University. Data collection was done through interview and observation and for recording data; a researcher-made check list was used. Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the check list was calculated 0/95. The data were analyzed through frequency tables, one sample t-test, Kolmogorov-Sminov and Friedman test. Results showed that using seven criteria for designing electronic courses and their components were suitable and appropriate. In addition, Friedman test results indicated ranking of criteria in the form of page layout, general information, language, organization, recourses, availability and evaluation. Finally, priority of indicators for each component was also determined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - اثرات ترکیبی عصاره اتانولی گیاهان Anthocleista vogelii و Alstonia boonei بر میزان سطح هورمونهای جنسی در هیپرپلازی خوش خیم پروستات (BPH) در موشهای صحرایی
رابرت اوروکو چوکو چارلز نانا جوسفات اکور داوید اباسی نیکیو ازوگوBackground & Aim:Combined ethanol extract of A. vogelii and A. boonei stem (CEAA) barks is commonly used to treat prostate disorders whereas its effects on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has not been scientifically validated. This study investigated the effects MoreBackground & Aim:Combined ethanol extract of A. vogelii and A. boonei stem (CEAA) barks is commonly used to treat prostate disorders whereas its effects on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has not been scientifically validated. This study investigated the effects of CEAA on prostate weight, prostate index and serum androgenic and estrogenic hormonal levels of BPH induced rats.Experimental: The study had 6 groups containing 5 male Wistar albino rats each. Group 1 was the normal control rats without BPH induction while group 2 was the BPH induced rats without any treatment (BPH) control. Groups 3 – 5 were BPH induced rats treated with 5 mg/kg finasteride/day, 200 and 400 mg/kg CEAA/day, respectively. BPH was induced in groups 2 – 5 by the subcutaneous administration of testosterone propionate injection in olive oil for 28 consecutive days. Results: The BPH control indicated significantly (p < 0.05) increases in prostate weight, prostate index, serum testosterone (TT), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E2) concentrations relative to the normal control. Treatment with CEAA caused dose-dependent significant (p < 0.05) decreases in the prostate weight, prostate index, TT, DHT and E2 similar to finasteride-treated BPH induced rats when compared with BPH control rats. The CEAA had high inhibitory effects on the prostate weight (55.71 -82.86 %) and prostate index (65.33 – 86.52 %) of the BPH induced rats greater than 71.52 % and 81.63 % inhibition of prostate weight and prostate index by finasteride, respectively. Recommended applications/industries: The findings of this study indicated that combined ethanol extract of A. vogelii and A. boonei stem barks has anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia activities as it down-regulated the serum concentrations of TT, DHT and E2 implicated in BPH development and progression Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - اقدامات دارویی سنتی در درمان زخم پای دیابتی در ایالت کانو ، شمال غربی نیجریه
ساکینا سانی بالا علیو محمد هایاتو موسی علیو عبداللهی بلارابه نظیفی یوسف نوهوBackground & Aim: Diabetic foot ulceration is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus that results in considerable ill health, financial burden and mortality. Many people in Nigeria utilize medicinal plants to treat diabetic foot ulcer and related complications, MoreBackground & Aim: Diabetic foot ulceration is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus that results in considerable ill health, financial burden and mortality. Many people in Nigeria utilize medicinal plants to treat diabetic foot ulcer and related complications, nonetheless, the utilization of such plants has not been acknowledged. This study was done to validate and document the medicinal plants used in the remedy of diabetic foot ulcer in Kano State, Nigeria.Experimental: The target group of the study were herbalists and diabetic foot ulcer patients. The ethnobotanical information was obtained from willing respondents through an oral interview and a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: A total of 300 respondents were consulted in this study, and they exposed the utilization of 36 medicinal plants against diabetic foot ulcer. The frequently used plant families were Fabaceae and Rhamnaceae. Stem bark and leaves were the commonly reported plant parts used. The methods of preparation are usually by decoction or pounding the plant parts into powder; and the preparations are administered via topical (51%), oral (27%) and topical/oral (19%) routes. Moringa oleifera, Anisopus manni and Cadaba farinosa were the first three frequently cited species, while Ficus glumosa, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Guiera senegalensis were among the most preferred medicinal plants. Approximately 92% have been reported to be pharmacologically active, while 36% have similar ethno-medical claims in certain regions of the world.Recommended applications/industries: This study revealed the ethno-medicinal practices against diabetic foot ulcer in Kano State. Scientific validation of the efficacy and safety of these plants would assist towards development of better drugs and integrating some of the species into orthodox medicine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - The analysis of the Fragile state of Iraq and the Security Dilemma in the Persian Gulf
Hossein Moeinabadi bidgoli Mansoureh Mansouri Parisa shahmohammadiThe security dilemma,as one of the main concerns of countries in the international arena, that as one country's security increases, other countries will go through a process of insecurity.It is the duty of states to provide political goods such as security, economic fac MoreThe security dilemma,as one of the main concerns of countries in the international arena, that as one country's security increases, other countries will go through a process of insecurity.It is the duty of states to provide political goods such as security, economic facilities, legal order and infrastructure.When a state fails to provide these features, it is considered as a fragile state.The concept in the last decade, is one of the characteristics of some Middle Eastern countries.Iraq has been included in the group of fragile states since 2003 and has always had an unsatisfactory level of security since then.Accordingly,the main question is “what effect does the fragile state of Iraq have on the security dilemma in the Persian Gulf?”.Using a descriptive -analytical method, the purpose of this paper tries to examine the security dilemma in post-2003 Iraq as a state in the Persian Gulf region.Findings show that the fragile state of Iraq has intensified the security dilemma in the Persian Gulf by disrupting the regional Arab order, paving the way for increased military intervention,influencing the balance of power between Iran and Saudi Arabia, and paving the way for the spread of terrorist activities and oil smuggling in the Persian Gulf region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - The Reflection of the Roots of Iran and the United States Conflict in International Arena from the Viewpoint of American Media Diplomacy (The Case Study: The Movie 300, the Rise of an Empire)
Bashir Esmaeili Seyed Hassan Malaekeh Alidad KeymasiAbstract: In recent decade Hollywood cinema is increasingly has paid attention to producing films and serials with the political contents relating to Iran. The set of movies called “300” is trying to exclusively deal with the difference of political thought MoreAbstract: In recent decade Hollywood cinema is increasingly has paid attention to producing films and serials with the political contents relating to Iran. The set of movies called “300” is trying to exclusively deal with the difference of political thought of ancient Iran and ancient Greece. Meanwhile the movie 300 tries to simulate the confrontation of ancient Iranian thinking and Greece thinking with the present confrontation of Islamic Republic of Iran thought and the United States. The article first examines the principle of the thinking projected in the movie “300: the Rise of an Empire” and then explains the basis of the contending thought. The hypothesis of the article is that, the movie “300” wants to infuse this point that the political foundation of thinking of East and West had been different form the ancient time and the political elevation of West against the political obstruction and despotism of the East had been continuing ever since. Therefore, the conflict between Iran and the United States in international scene is a confrontation between freedom and democracy and despotism which has their roots in ancient time. The methodology used in the paper is a mix of Van Dyke’s discourse and Roland Barthes analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Security Strategies of China against Geopolitical and Geostrategic Actions of the United States
Mohsen ZamaniAbstract: The relations between China and the United States may be the most complex and the most controversial relations among the big powers. These relations are affected by numerous variables and in many cases have been opposite and unpredictable. China is a represent MoreAbstract: The relations between China and the United States may be the most complex and the most controversial relations among the big powers. These relations are affected by numerous variables and in many cases have been opposite and unpredictable. China is a representative of the newly emerged powers and the United States is the representative of traditional powers. They have been considered as two rival and conflicting powers in world policies of the twenty first century. These complicated relations and China's emerging as a world power and the consequent repercussion of it is important in international system. Understanding the security strategies of these two countries in geostrategic and geopolitical region of the world will guide us about future prospect of international system. The present article tries to use an analytical model that is a moderation of the model of structural realism of Kenneth Waltz and raises this question that "what is China's security strategy against the geopolitical movements of the United States in geostrategic areas?" It is seen that China's security strategy is having four behavioral models of hard and soft balance, hard trail and soft trail which is based on relative strength, relative security and relative ideology. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical based on library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Comparative Analysis of the Security in the Neorealist and Postmodern Perspective
محمد رضا اقارب پرست محمد میلاد شجاعیAbstract Security is the vital and important subject in international relations. Theories of international relations provide different view about the state of creating secure condition or emergence of insecurity. Therefore, the question of security is the preoccupation MoreAbstract Security is the vital and important subject in international relations. Theories of international relations provide different view about the state of creating secure condition or emergence of insecurity. Therefore, the question of security is the preoccupation of most theorists in this field. The question raised by the present article is "What homogeneities and heterogeneity exist between postmodernism and neorealism in security field?" The underlying hypothesis is that regarding the positivist and post positivist approaches of the two, neorealism and post modernism show different views about security. The paper by using comparative approach deals with the issue of security from neorealist and post-modernist viewpoints to show their similarities and differences. The finding of the study shows that neorealism has strengthened the position of super-government in the field of security. However the common basis of all postmodern beliefs is that, the state is not the main and exclusive actor in the established positivist approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Crisis of Decision Making in North Korea Nuclear Crisis
Saeed EslameeAbstract The aim of the present article is to examine the strategies and decisions taken by the United States and North Korea and their outcome during North Korea nuclear crisis. In this direction the article has made use of John Bram’s Theory of Moves. From 1993 MoreAbstract The aim of the present article is to examine the strategies and decisions taken by the United States and North Korea and their outcome during North Korea nuclear crisis. In this direction the article has made use of John Bram’s Theory of Moves. From 1993 when the issue of North Korea nuclear program was considered as a crisis for world community, strategies and counter strategies were made by the United States and North Korea. These moves eventually led to production of nuclear weapon and nuclear tests by North Korea in the years of 2006 and 2009. Consequently the United States cut its economic aid to North Korea and imposed extensive economic sanctions against North Korea within the framework of the security council of the United Nations. From the viewpoint of the article each decision (move) taken by each side was for maximizing of interests and minimizing the threat. Of course these decisions had a close relation with the decision taken by the opposite party. Therefore, the strategies of the two countries were fluctuating within the framework of compromise or hardline position. The finding of the study shows that initially the aim of North Korea by producing nuclear weapon was not deterrence but, taking some concessions (security guarantees, fuel, and food) but taking into consideration what North Korea was considering as the United States obstructionism, led to hard decision of making nuclear weapon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - An Analysis of the Security Crisis in Yemen: the Causes and Context
سید امیر نیاکوئی احسان اعجازیAbstract The present paper wants to explain the causes of security crisis of Yemen after the Arab Spring by the help of theories of security. Yemen which faced internal conflicts in the past after unification plunged into widespread insecurity and civil war after the A MoreAbstract The present paper wants to explain the causes of security crisis of Yemen after the Arab Spring by the help of theories of security. Yemen which faced internal conflicts in the past after unification plunged into widespread insecurity and civil war after the Arab Spring. Taking into consideration the present condition of Yemen, the present paper wants to answer this question that “what factors prepared the ground for the formation of security crisis in Yemen”? The paper uses descriptive-analytical method and the toll for collection of data is library sources. The finding of the study shows that complicated multi-layer mixtures of internal and external factors which strengthen each other have led to the formation of Yemen security crisis. The paper argues that Yemen is moving towards chaotic rule and the military intervention of Saudi Arabia in support of pro-Saudi tribes and groups has exacerbated the insecurity and conflicts. The article explains the Yemen’s development from the viewpoint of Little theory of security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - The United States Media policy against Russia: Hollywood and New Cold War and Revival of Russia Phobia
Bashir Esmaeil Seyed Hassan MalaekehAbstract: During the Cold War besides arms and ideological competition between the United States and Soviet Union which was based on balance of power, the United States supremacy in cultural production especially in the form of Hollywood cinema was used as a soft war ag MoreAbstract: During the Cold War besides arms and ideological competition between the United States and Soviet Union which was based on balance of power, the United States supremacy in cultural production especially in the form of Hollywood cinema was used as a soft war against the latter. After the disintegration of Soviet Union, gradually the focus of media war of the United States changed from communism to Islam and the Middle East region. This trend was intensified after September 11, 2001 incidents. A large wave of cultural products was produced with Islam phobia content. Meanwhile by the expansion of the influence of Russia in some regions of the world and formation of a new balance of power and rivalry which some observers interpreted it as new Cold War, the media war of America against Russia has been revived. The main question raised by the article is whether the developments in relations of the United States with Russia have affected media policy of America against Russia?” The finding of the study shows that after some of Russia’s success in strategic places of the world the United States media policy after a period of propaganda against Islamist and the Muslims they are now focusing on Russia phobia policy. The methodology used in the paper is comparative and interpretative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - The United Strategy and the Regional Order of the Middle East: From Classic Hegemony to Moderate Hegemony
ali mohammadi zia mohammad sotodeAbstract: The Middle East is a region with significant geostrategic and geopolitical place. This region is having great source of energy and for this reason it has been the focus of attention of extra-regional powers. The United States as the sole big power of the world MoreAbstract: The Middle East is a region with significant geostrategic and geopolitical place. This region is having great source of energy and for this reason it has been the focus of attention of extra-regional powers. The United States as the sole big power of the world has paid special attention to this region and tries to pursue its objectives through different strategies. The present article by a documentary method and referring to documents of national security of the United States wants to know the strategy of the United States within the framework of regional orders. The underlying hypothesis is that the strategy of the United States for creating regional order in the Middle East has undergone change from classic hegemony to moderate hegemony. The finding of the study shows the new strategy of the United States is based on cooperation with the Middle East countries with minimum common interest of them. For this purpose the United States seeks legitimacy and support for the exercise of its power and actions in the region and the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Critical analysis of the book entitled "Theories of international Relations"
Mohammad Reza Aghareb parastAbstract: “Theories of International Relations” written by Scott Burchill and Andrew Linklater is an endeavor for explaining foundation of the theories of IR. and to analyze the principles of each theory. This book is consisted of twelve chapters and tries MoreAbstract: “Theories of International Relations” written by Scott Burchill and Andrew Linklater is an endeavor for explaining foundation of the theories of IR. and to analyze the principles of each theory. This book is consisted of twelve chapters and tries to analyze the relations among actors in international relations. Although the philosophical approach of the writers cased ambiguity, and insufficient explanation about the great debates especially the methodological one can be considered as flaws of the book, but great logical order and good explanation about new approaches such as International ethics makes this book a suitable book for understanding theories of international Relations. In fact, the verity of the writers caused different ideas and thoughts to be gathered and analyzed in one masterpieces and a good introduction made it understandable for readers. The book is a comprehensive explanation about different approaches and theories in international relations and can be useful for post graduate students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - The Change of the Japan’s Concept of National Role and Foreign Policy Principles: From a Peaceful State to a Peacekeeping State
Mohammad sadegh babakan Majid Takht-RavanchiAbstract: From the Beginning of the 21st century, Japan is passing through a transition period, a period in which it tries to achieve a new concept of national role. The present article believes that as a consequence of international pressure, changes in domestic leade MoreAbstract: From the Beginning of the 21st century, Japan is passing through a transition period, a period in which it tries to achieve a new concept of national role. The present article believes that as a consequence of international pressure, changes in domestic leadership and social norms and an increasing aspiration for honor in international relations, Japan has been changing its foreign policy measures and its national role conception. The change in Japanese foreign policy demonstrates itself implicitly in Japan’s international peacekeeping acts and the appending new legislation “imposing effective limitations on its armed forces”. The purpose of the present study is to find a concept of the national role that best describes the goals and principles of Japanese foreign policy. The fundamental question of the article would be: what is the main reason of the change in Japan’s foreign policy principles? The underlying hypothesis is that pursuing the path of dependency has been the main factor for the change of Japan's foreign policy and the pressure emanating from dependency has directed Japan towards cosmopolitan path. The finding of the study shows Japan is now facing an uncertainty in its foreign policy and it has to choose between continuing inward looking foreign policy along with high dependency on the United States or internationalist principles as a peacekeeping state with normal defense policies. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical based on library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - The Grounds of Emergence and Growth of Extremism in Central Asia: The Case Study ISIS
mohammadreza majidi یوسف باقریAbstract: One of the Takfiri groups which in recent years has committed violence and extremism in South West Asia is a group called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). This group grew up in a context of lack of democracy and citizen's right, political and social un MoreAbstract: One of the Takfiri groups which in recent years has committed violence and extremism in South West Asia is a group called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). This group grew up in a context of lack of democracy and citizen's right, political and social unawareness and with the logistic and financial support of regional and extra-regional power could survive for half a decade and put a serious challenge to regional governments in West Asia. ISIS as a group with extremist ideology and with its nature, objectives and a prospect which it draws for itself is a potential threat for Central Asian countries. The present article by applying the theory of confrontation with modernity and the theory of failed state wants to examine the possibility or impossibility of the emergence of ISIS in Central Asia. The authors of the article are of the view that a section of Islamist in Central Asia due to their opposition to modernity may come under the influence of ISIS thinking and this paves the ground for their presence in Central Asia specially that ISIS is leaving Syria and Iraq and they are searching for new places to continue their presence. Nevertheless the existence of authoritarian and relatively stable governments in Central Asia limits the possibility of the presence of this group. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical and the data have been collected form library sources and internet sites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - The Geopolitics of Ukraine and its Role in the Competition of Russia and the United States of America
Asghar Safari Saeed VosoghiAbstract On 21st November 2013 the Ukrainian president Victor Yanukovych in a meeting in Lithuania cancelled the agreement on trade and cooperation with European Union and refused to sign it. This led to widespread protest in Ukraine and five people were killed in the MoreAbstract On 21st November 2013 the Ukrainian president Victor Yanukovych in a meeting in Lithuania cancelled the agreement on trade and cooperation with European Union and refused to sign it. This led to widespread protest in Ukraine and five people were killed in the ensuing unrest. After this incident Ukraine entered one of its most serious political turmoil after Orange revolution in 2004. As in similar crisis like Syrian crisis in 2011, Russia and the United States took side in favor of the government and protesters and this led to the confrontation of the two. The question raised here is what is the importance of Ukraine for Russia and the United States? The present article argues that the main root cause of confrontation of Russia and the United States in Ukraine is geopolitical importance of Ukraine and geopolitical competition of Russia and the United States in post-Cold War era. Ukraine is one of the most important strategic regions of Eurasia and Eastern Europe. The purpose of the present research is to examine the most important determinants affecting the attitude of Russia and West in Ukraine crisis. For analyzing the above issue, geopolitics theory has been used and the research methodology is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - The impact of women's rights in the foreign policy of the united states towards the Islamic Republic of Iran
Elham satari Gholam Hossein BolandianAbstract Women like men are entitled to fundamental social, cultural, economic and political rights, but the question that these rights and their bases are different in Islam and West is a debatable issue and is worth study and scrutiny. The main question raised by the MoreAbstract Women like men are entitled to fundamental social, cultural, economic and political rights, but the question that these rights and their bases are different in Islam and West is a debatable issue and is worth study and scrutiny. The main question raised by the present paper is "what is the impact of women’s right on the United States foreign policy vis-à-vis Islamic Republic of Iran"? The underlying hypothesis is that women’s rights has affected the United States foreign policy against Islamic Republic of Iran and it is one of the key factors for continuation of hostility and imposing pressure by the United States against the Islamic Republic of Iran. Although there are conventions and rules in the West with slogans like equality and women’s right and responsibility of women is the Islamic Republic of Iran on the basis of gender justice, taking into consideration the ability of women their share and role in decision-making and politics is still low. This can be an excuse for the United States to exert pressure against the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method used in the paper is descriptive-analytical and historical, using library tool. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - The United States and Promotion of Democracy in Latin America: The Case of Venezuela
Ahmad Sabouri Nejad Akram TahaDemocracy promotion is one of the most important US strategies after the cold war to keep its dominance and influence in Latin America. Accompaniment and the appropriateness of this policy with the formation of the third wave of democratization caused American politicia MoreDemocracy promotion is one of the most important US strategies after the cold war to keep its dominance and influence in Latin America. Accompaniment and the appropriateness of this policy with the formation of the third wave of democratization caused American politicians to use it as a tool to promote their plans in the region. By considering democracy promotion (William Robinson’s view) in Latin America with focus on Venezuela as its basis, this article tries to investigate on the basis of what criteria and mechanisms has US applied democracy promotion to Latin America? The results of this study show that over the last quarter, US government has made endless efforts and planning in Latin America to let those elites, who agreed with neoliberal economic system and free market, come to power. Therefore it tried to prevent people, groups, nationalist and left-wing parties and totally, those who opposed neoliberal economic system from coming to power. To this end, destabilization of left and nationalist governments in the target countries was of the most important mechanisms in democracy promotion policy in Latin America; A policy which was pursued during all Hugo Chavez administration and even after that. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - Analysis and Critique of Obama’s Foreign Policy
Hossein KarimifardAbstract After Obama came into power as president, there has been a shift in the United States foreign policy orientation. While during George Bush unilateralism and emphasis on achieving security and interest through hardware method was on the agenda, Obama based his MoreAbstract After Obama came into power as president, there has been a shift in the United States foreign policy orientation. While during George Bush unilateralism and emphasis on achieving security and interest through hardware method was on the agenda, Obama based his foreign policy on multilateralism, soft power, public diplomacy, democracy and international norms. The present article first summarily examines Obama’s foreign policy then the criticism to his foreign policy in the Middle East and Ukraine crisis are reviewed. The article by relying on specialized articles on the United States foreign policy and by analytical explanative method wants to prove the hypothesis that the critics blame Obama for backing out, isolationism, weakening the position of the United States in world affairs and losing the position of leadership. The critics are also of the view that the United States has lost her self-confidence and is not in a position to take firm stand for supporting her allies. For this reason the United States allies have lost their faith in her position as a world leader. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Obama's Middle Eastern Strategy: From Assigning Responsibility to Allies to Accepting limited responsibility
فرزاد محمدزاده ابراهیمی محمدرضا ملکی سید جواد امام جمعه زادهAbstract There has been much criticism about Obama’s Middle East strategy and some believe that it lacked strategic prospect. An examination of the Middle East strategy of the United States under Obama administration from the viewpoint of neo-classic realism not MoreAbstract There has been much criticism about Obama’s Middle East strategy and some believe that it lacked strategic prospect. An examination of the Middle East strategy of the United States under Obama administration from the viewpoint of neo-classic realism not only does not approve this view but also indicates that Obama has adopted a coherent strategy from the beginning of his presidency towards the Middle East and on this basis he has made significant efforts to promote the United States national security. So it is interesting to answer this question as to what strategy Obama adopted vis-à-vis the Middle East and what policies was pursued to achieve those goals? The present article by a descriptive-analytical method wants to show that the Middle East strategy of the United States under Obama administration started with assigning responsibility to its allies within the framework of balancing from remote distance and by the passage of time moved to accept limited responsibility. Taking into consideration the closeness of Obama’s administration foreign policy to realism theory, the authors of the article believe that this theory can better explain the foreign policy of the United States under Barack Obama presidency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - The “New Homo Sacer”, a Study of the State of Emergency in Turkey on the Basis of Agamben and Schmitt’s Theory
Mohaddeceh JazaeiAbstract: After the occurrence of military coup in Turkey in July 2016 the president declared emergency situation. Emergency situation is the unbalanced situation between public law and political implication. Schmitt and Agamben as the theorist of state of emergency in MoreAbstract: After the occurrence of military coup in Turkey in July 2016 the president declared emergency situation. Emergency situation is the unbalanced situation between public law and political implication. Schmitt and Agamben as the theorist of state of emergency in the legal system have a different view about the situation. Schmitt believes that emergency situation is a paradoxical situation in which the ruler is outside the legal order and has the monopoly to take final decision. On the other hand Agamben also believes that emergency situation leads to exclusion of a number of citizens of their rights and putting them out of the legal order and this leads to more subjugation of the citizens. The article makes use of the theory of Schmitt and Agamben to explain the situation in Turkey. The main question raised is “What is the state of emergency in Turkish constitution?” Whether the Schmitt and Agamben theory can explain the coup and post-coup measures in the direction of increasing the power of government? The finding of the study shows that the coup in Turkey has become a tool for suppressing the opposition groups and it is meant to increase the power of the president. A measure which results to take away the rights of Turkish citizens; and dominating the political life of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - The Energy Security Policy of the United States and Geopolitics of Iran’s Energy
عنایت اله یزدانی بهمن ربیعی نیا حسین مهدیانAbstract: The energy relations of Iran and the United States are having a different pattern comparing to energy relations of Iran with other energy consumers of the world. Iran is the second largest country with hydrocarbon reserves and the United States is the biggest MoreAbstract: The energy relations of Iran and the United States are having a different pattern comparing to energy relations of Iran with other energy consumers of the world. Iran is the second largest country with hydrocarbon reserves and the United States is the biggest consumer of energy in the world. The energy relations of both the countries are related to the existing political problems between them and are based on confrontation. At present the most important determinant affecting the energy relation of Iran is political obligations. The strategic place of energy security for national security of both Iran and the United States and Iran’s high vulnerability about the energy relations and an economy mainly based on the sale of oil and the existing political hostility between the two have caused more sensitivity towards each other’s policies. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method wants to examine and analyze the impact of energy policy of the United States on geopolitics of energy of Iran in the contexts of energy sanctions (sale, foreign investment and energy pipelines) and the increase of world production. The place of both the countries in geopolitical structure of world shows this fact that in most cases the actions of the United States is in the direction of limiting the geopolitical place of Iran and Iran’s reaction to the above said policies is to neutralize or reduce the impact of the policies of the United States. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Confrontation and Competition of Iran and the United States in Afghanistan after 11 September 2001
Morteza Mossadeghi Seifolah FazlinejadAbstract: Afghanistan’s developments are important for Islamic Republic of Iran which is having long borders with that country. The September 11th events and the invasion of the United States to Afghanistan and overthrow of Taliban added to sensitivity and importa MoreAbstract: Afghanistan’s developments are important for Islamic Republic of Iran which is having long borders with that country. The September 11th events and the invasion of the United States to Afghanistan and overthrow of Taliban added to sensitivity and importance of this country. Iran and the United States had common interests in overthrowing Taliban but this periodic understanding was marred after the United States president George Bush Junior declared Iran as “Axis of Evil” in January 2002 and hostility between the two countries further increased. After Obama came into power in 2009, the possibility of military confrontation lowered. The signing of strategic treaty between the United States and Afghanistan added to Iran’s security concern and mutual concern continued and in some stages Iran was accused of helping Taliban. The withdrawal and the departure of American troops provided another opportunity for interaction with Iran. The United States after a decade of unsuccessful intervention in Afghanistan should realize that Iran is a good partner for improving the prospect of peace and stability in Afghanistan. Both the countries have common interests in many issues in Afghanistan including helping Afghan government, fighting smuggling of narcotic drugs, dealing with crisis of Afghan refugees, helping strengthening Afghan security forces and creating suitable atmosphere for national reconciliation but the tensions in relations of Iran and the United States have hindered attaining these objectives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - A Comparison of the Unilateral and Multilateral Approaches of the United States towards the Nuclear Program of Iran
Hamed Ameri Golestani Behroz ShojaeeAbstract: Iran’s nuclear program is one of the major issues in the relationship of Iran and the United States after the Islamic Revolution. The United States different and ambiguous positions towards the nuclear program of Iran have played a significant role in pr MoreAbstract: Iran’s nuclear program is one of the major issues in the relationship of Iran and the United States after the Islamic Revolution. The United States different and ambiguous positions towards the nuclear program of Iran have played a significant role in prolongation and ups and down of the problem. The two approaches of unilateralism and multilateralism are among the most important positions. During George Bush (Junior) presidency, the United States was pursuing unilateralist policies and playing the role of a hegemon. In the last years of Bush administration due to weak policy in the Middle East, it changed into multilateralism. With the arrival of Obama into White House, the United States pursued multilateral policies in various areas including Iranian nuclear program. The outcome of this policy was negotiation with Iran on nuclear program and cooperation with the 5+1 group of countries and a change in Iran’s position. The present article by a comparative approach wants to compare the two approaches of the United States. The main question of the article is “how can we compare the approaches of Bush administration and Obama administration about Iranian nuclear program?” The underlying hypothesis is that the comparison of the policies of the two administrations shows that hegemony and militarism is the indicators of unilateralism and international cooperation and institutionalism are important indicators of multilateralism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - The Obstacles on the Process of State-building in Iraq
ahmad zarean saeid maadani mohammad bagher tajeddin Abstract: After the fall of Saddam in 2003 Iraqi people formed a new political structure based on democratic principles. In this development the Iraqi Shiites and Kurds played an active role while the Sunnis passively participated. There was an impression that More Abstract: After the fall of Saddam in 2003 Iraqi people formed a new political structure based on democratic principles. In this development the Iraqi Shiites and Kurds played an active role while the Sunnis passively participated. There was an impression that with the fall of one of the biggest dictator in history, Iraqi will experience peace and stability but on the contrary the country plunged into severe political and security crises which disrupted the process of democratic state building and created serious challenge to Iraqi government. The present paper by a heuristic method and by making use of library sources and interview wants to answer this question as to "what are the obstacles on the process of state building in Iraq?" The underlying hypothesis is that the social gap which has been activated due to ethno-religious and tribal habitation of the population in Iraqi geography along with lack of necessary grounds for democratization and outside interference have disrupted the process of state building. The finding of the study besides corroborating the hypothesis shows that the consensus democracy as a model of political system on the one hand leads to social division and on the other hand creates an inefficient political system which is an obstacle on the path of state building. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Donald Trump Foreign Policy Survey in the Middle East (Objectives and Interests)
saeed jahangiri Alireza Azghandi naser garusiThe main objective of this article is to examine US foreign policy with the pioneering government of Donald Tramp and seek to rethink the presence of the United States and its interests in a region of major importance for the Middle East. The paper also examines Tramp's MoreThe main objective of this article is to examine US foreign policy with the pioneering government of Donald Tramp and seek to rethink the presence of the United States and its interests in a region of major importance for the Middle East. The paper also examines Tramp's declared policy on the Middle East and the challenges it faces. The main question of the article is that what is the foreign policy of Tramp in the Middle East based on? In response to the hypothesis of the article, there are several factors involved in US decision-making and foreign policy, and Donald Trump's government, in pursuit of the goals of the United States and its government, contrary to its propaganda slogans and its opposition to policies The former president, as well as the decisive factors such as the pressure of the Zionist lobbies, Saudi Arabia dollars and other factors, have withdrawn from their declarations and inevitably forced them to follow the policies of the past (in the Middle East) And even seeks to increase tensions in the region Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Trump's foreign policy in the Middle East
Abdolreza Yousefi Mianji Hossein daheshiar Nozar shafiee Rahmat HajiminehTrump's victory in the 2016 presidential election was an unexpected event. The main purpose of this article is to examine Trump's foreign policy in the Middle East. The main question of this article is: What are the determining factors and components of US foreign polic MoreTrump's victory in the 2016 presidential election was an unexpected event. The main purpose of this article is to examine Trump's foreign policy in the Middle East. The main question of this article is: What are the determining factors and components of US foreign policy in the Middle East? In response to this question, various factors of US foreign policy in the Middle East have been examined. The research findings show that the theory of aggressive realism, while fundamental-theoretical in nature, has a practical nature. This theory has given a good answer to the behavior of the actors of the international system. According to the study, Trump's foreign policy seeks to maintain its position in the region and prevent the emergence of a regional hegemon that could destabilize the balance of power and challenge US hegemony in the world. This study is theoretical-fundamental and has been done by descriptive-analytical method and library resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - The role of the Islamic Republic of Iran in softening Russia's balance with the America
محمود علیپور گرجی Abdul Majid Seifi Mohadeseh RozbahaniCompetition and balancing were the major features of the Cold War era. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the international system has undergone a change and has crossed the bipolar stage, and the United States became one of the areas of the international distribut MoreCompetition and balancing were the major features of the Cold War era. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the international system has undergone a change and has crossed the bipolar stage, and the United States became one of the areas of the international distribution of power structure, and the other actors were marginalized. After Georgia and Ukraine crises, Russia began new balancing with the United States, but, it has not the power and influence of previous years and cannot balance directly with the United States, so it has turned to indirect opposition. In this soft balancing, Russia considers the states like Islamic Republic of Iran which have anti-hegemonic approach in their foreign policy. This consideration is caused to this question: what is the status of Islamic Republic of Iran in Russia’s soft balancing against the United States of America? This article investigates the status of Islamic Republic of Iran in Russia’s soft balancing against the United States. This article has been conducted using descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Lula da silva Developmental state(2003-2011) And Human Development Index in brazil
abdilreza seifi Ahmad saieBrazil officially the Federative Republic of Brazil is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.The Economy of Brazil is the world's eighth largest economy by nominal GDP and eighth largest by purchasing power parity. The Brazilian economy is characte MoreBrazil officially the Federative Republic of Brazil is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.The Economy of Brazil is the world's eighth largest economy by nominal GDP and eighth largest by purchasing power parity. The Brazilian economy is characterized by a mixed economy that relies on import substitution to achieve economic growth.Luiz Inácio Lula da Silvais a Brazilian politician and former union leader who served as the 35th President of Brazil from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2010.In the 8 years of the lula da silva presidency ,economic successes went hand in hand with social results: this is called redistributive or inclusive growth. GDP per capita growth rates were higher in the poorer quantiles of the population, than in the richer groups. Unemployment rates declined, formal employment and average earnings increased. Income inequality (also its spatial dimension) and poverty declined.Lula da Silva by implementation of Programs Bolsa Familia, Bolsa Escola, Growth Acceleration Program Improved the Human Development Index in brazil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Analysis of the Corona crisis in the United States with emphasis on the crisis of legitimacy of the Donald Trump administration
sayed ghasem zamani Ali MohammaddoustThe main issue in this regard has been Trump's policies and approaches to the fight against and control of the coronavirus on the one hand, and the support of various sections and classes of the American society, including medical, economic, and so on. An issue that did MoreThe main issue in this regard has been Trump's policies and approaches to the fight against and control of the coronavirus on the one hand, and the support of various sections and classes of the American society, including medical, economic, and so on. An issue that did not materialize in practice and led to protests from a wide range of people, giving him a broad functional legitimacy for Trump and the neoconservative administration. In this article, the authors attempt to answer the question: what impact the Corona crisis has had on the functioning and legitimacy of the Trump administration, and what is the possible future for the US socio-political system? The authors' hypothesis in this article indicates the intensification of the Trump administration's crisis of legitimacy during the outbreak of the Coronavirus in this country, and the findings of the article show that the use of written descriptive and analytical methods, the use of written and library resources indicate the possible occurrence of three It will be a major consequence for Trump. First; Defeat in the upcoming US presidential election; Second, the deepening of bipolarity in the United States and, ultimately, the emergence of security crises in the United States Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - The Effects Identity-based ideas on Formation Iran Foreign Policy Behavior unto Iraq Kurdistan Regional Government (2003- 2019)
Sina Emadi Reza Simbar Ahmad jansizThe question of this research is examination the most important identity ideas that effecting on formation Iran foreign policy behavior unto Kurdistan regional government. These ideas have assessment in three levels with a descriptive-analytical approach: domestic, regi MoreThe question of this research is examination the most important identity ideas that effecting on formation Iran foreign policy behavior unto Kurdistan regional government. These ideas have assessment in three levels with a descriptive-analytical approach: domestic, regional and international. In domestic dimension, Iran Kurdish character (especially Sunni Kurdish) as important variable on Iran foreign policy unto KRG has analyzing on three field containing political, economical and cultural. Political ideas especially different imagination Islamic republic of Iran and some Iran opposition Kurdish groups that supported by KRG led to securitization Iran foreign policy unto KRG. In economical dimension relations between both parties developing, however stocks of Iran Kurdish regions assess few. In cultural ideas there were identity- Differentiation, that prevented bi-cultural collaboration. In regional ideas the Iran priority after 2003 was Iraq Shiite central state that always influence on Iran and KRG relations. International ideas also causes as divergent factor. Islamic republic of Iran has recognizing USA and Israel as identity-others that have trying to decreases their influence in KRG. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Scrutinizing the probabilities of breaking out a war in the wake of China's rise into arena of great powers
Mahdi NasrChina alone has questioned lots of presuppositions of the world system after the cold war, those which were in America's benefit. Now the question is whether China's rise, just as status quo, will traverse a peaceful trajectory. To answer this question, we should consid MoreChina alone has questioned lots of presuppositions of the world system after the cold war, those which were in America's benefit. Now the question is whether China's rise, just as status quo, will traverse a peaceful trajectory. To answer this question, we should consider different suppositions. The first supposition is piece in the meaning of Chinese surrendering to U.S. and the acceptance of American intentions in East Asia and in other regions in the world. The second one is China's confrontation with the United States and entering into war with U.S. in regions dominated by this country, especially eastern Asia. But there is a mediocre third supposition. In this supposition, one country can neither go to immediate war, nor do its interests and power allow it to compromise. Our hypothesis is that China follows the third logic, i. e. neither war nor piece. But if China's rise continues, disputes will grow notably in eastern Asia. This essay uses "offensive realism" as a theoretical framework to be applied on this subject. The results are going to be shown according to history and experimental considerations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Changes in US Middle East Presence Methodology: Reasons and Contexts
amirhossein nemati Jalal Torkashvand alireza naeejDue to its high geopolitical and geostrategic capacities, the West Asian region has always been considered and intervened by global and trans-regional powers, and a significant part of the security structure of this region and its transformation also depends on the entr MoreDue to its high geopolitical and geostrategic capacities, the West Asian region has always been considered and intervened by global and trans-regional powers, and a significant part of the security structure of this region and its transformation also depends on the entry and exit and the type of action and strategy of trans-regional powers. has it. The United States has always been the most important and influential trans-regional power in West Asia since World War II. The country has always offered interest-based approaches in its foreign policy in line with the changes in politics and power in the region. Following the developments in West Asia in 2011, the foreign policy approach of US governments, as the largest intervening trans-regional power, has undergone more fundamental changes than in the past, and US leaders appear to be seeking a new methodology for US presence in West Asia. Given the importance of the country's role in the global equations, especially the equations of the West Asian region, this article is a percentage with a descriptive-analytical approach and using the theoretical framework of Randall Schuller's balance of interests to answer the important question What is the United States of America in West Asia? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Offshore Balancing and the United States Foreign Policy toward ISIS
محمود علیپور گرجی Abdul Majid seifi Sanaz YousefiIn recent years, the formation and enlargement of the Islamic State in Iraq and Sham (ISIS) lead to new dynamics in Middle East politics. It regards to the US foreign policy toward the ISIS impact on the new structure of relations, coalitions and disintegrations in the MoreIn recent years, the formation and enlargement of the Islamic State in Iraq and Sham (ISIS) lead to new dynamics in Middle East politics. It regards to the US foreign policy toward the ISIS impact on the new structure of relations, coalitions and disintegrations in the region. In the basis of offshore balancing grand strategy, the United States tries to prevent in formation any regional hegemon in the Middle East. The main question of this article is: what we can explain the United States foreign policy toward the ISIS(From 2013 to 2017) in the Middle East? The hypothesis of this article is: «the United States by using of offshore balancing grand strategy, in one hand, buck-passing the liability of control of the ISIS to Iran, Syria and Iraq, and the other hand, using ISIS as an instrument for balance of power in the Middle East». The present study is an applied research in a descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the study indicate that the United States in 2013-2017 is trying to curb ISIS on the one hand and increase its influence on the other hand at the expense of the government to which it has been transferred. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Scenarios of regional order with the withdrawal of American troops from the Middle East (from the perspective of the TAIDA model)
Ebrahim Meraji Hossein Daheshiar Mohammadreza DehshiriProper planning based on future trends to advance national security goals and national interests is one of the most important tasks of strategists in each country.Considering the importance of scenario planning in strategic studies, present paper attempts to use the res MoreProper planning based on future trends to advance national security goals and national interests is one of the most important tasks of strategists in each country.Considering the importance of scenario planning in strategic studies, present paper attempts to use the research methodology of the future research and using the TAIDA model, which focuses on the five approaches of " Tracking, Analyzing, Deciding, and Action", The author seeks to examine possible scenarios for regional order in the event of the withdrawal of US troops from the region. With this statement, the main question of the present study is: What will be the possible scenarios regarding the regional order of the withdrawal of American troops from the region?Scenarios include: - The vacuum of power and the development of the activities of non-governmental forces such as ISIS and the resulting disorder.- The possibility that some countries in the region will prevail and its order will be formed based on their interests.- Formation of regional convergence for security by the countries of the region.Finally, the author will try to express the desired scenario from the point of view of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - Citizenship rights, Citizen Security and Combating Terrorism in Europe
mohammad nassirzadeh نصیرزاده Farideh Mohammad AlipourCitizenship rights are a combination of duties and responsibilities of society members towards one another, society and state. In cases such as threats to national security, governments may serve these threats as a ground for restrictions on these rights. In enforcing t MoreCitizenship rights are a combination of duties and responsibilities of society members towards one another, society and state. In cases such as threats to national security, governments may serve these threats as a ground for restrictions on these rights. In enforcing this restriction States must adhere to legislative principles such as proportionality and non-discrimination. After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the European countries have tried to restrict civil rights. The main question is how fighting terrorism has affected Citizenship rights in Europe? Using the explanatory method and with the aim of enriching the research literature on the current situation of civil rights in the light of the anti-terrorist policies of European countries, the results of the study show that in the State of Exception, the provision of security through preventive use of criminal justice in reality, results in ignoring many of the fundamental rights and freedom of individuals and minority groupsIncluding Muslims. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - Artificial intelligence; The new arena of power competition between China and the United States
Mehdi Hedayati Shahidani Javad Ramezanpour ShalmaniNew technologies in the post-industrial revolution era have the ability to change the balance of power. Artificial intelligence is no exception. This technology has the ability to penetrate all areas from economy, business and services to security and defense issues. Ac MoreNew technologies in the post-industrial revolution era have the ability to change the balance of power. Artificial intelligence is no exception. This technology has the ability to penetrate all areas from economy, business and services to security and defense issues. Accordingly, none of the major countries and powers want to be left behind in this field. The main research question is, what effect has artificial intelligence had on the competition between China and the United States? Based on the findings, despite the increased competition and challenge between Beijing and Washington in artificial intelligence and related technologies and the imposition of sanctions by the United States against China in the field of hardware related to artificial intelligence, there is significant cooperation between the scientists of these two countries in the field of producing articles and scientific research. There is. Also, Beijing has been able to overtake the United States in the production of scientific articles, patents related to artificial intelligence and big data. The United States is also a leader in the production of hardware and chips and is trying to use this advantage to stop China's progress. This article is done using descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Security strategies of the United States of America regarding China and its impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2001-2021)
hossein mozneb Mohammadreza Ghaedi reza simberThe impact of American national security strategies on other countries has always been the focus of international relations researchers. Some theorists believe that the all-round growth of China in the last twenty years has threatened the interests of many countries, es MoreThe impact of American national security strategies on other countries has always been the focus of international relations researchers. Some theorists believe that the all-round growth of China in the last twenty years has threatened the interests of many countries, especially the United States. This research seeks to answer the question, what effect has the security strategy of the United States of America regarding China had on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2001-2021)? In response to the proposed hypothesis that "according to the strategic security threats of the United States against China, this country has been looking for new alliances between important regional players, which has led to a strategic alliance between China and Iran". After examining the sources of the first category (economic and security strategies) with a descriptive-analytical method, the results showed: the national security strategy of the United States of America, from 2001 to 2021, has always mentioned China and Iran as an international threat, to The way that China's role is more pronounced and Iran's role in the next stages are in these strategies. According to Stephen Walt, when two or more states face an imminent common threat,... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - Analysis of Sports, Conflict Resolution and Actors; An Introduction to Sports Diplomacy
Masoud Jaafarinejad Amir Reza Emami Amir Bagherzadeh Chungaralu Reyhan ErturkDespite the increasing recognition of sports diplomacy, a more comprehensive understanding of its impact on conflict resolution is felt. This study seeks to address the current gap in the literature by providing a nuanced exploration of the role of sports diplomacy with MoreDespite the increasing recognition of sports diplomacy, a more comprehensive understanding of its impact on conflict resolution is felt. This study seeks to address the current gap in the literature by providing a nuanced exploration of the role of sports diplomacy within the context of 'sport and conflict resolution.' The main question is: "What is the role of sports diplomacy in conflict resolution for state and non-state actors?". It is hypothesized that the strategic deployment of sports diplomacy is an effective tool in establishing communication and strengthening dialogue in conflict resolution between the involved parties. The research findings indicate that the state actors have used sports diplomacy to fulfill their foreign policy goals to secure their direct or indirect interests. In fact, for states, sports always come second after survival and security, and non-state actors, who are often established as mediators to create and promote peace, use sports diplomacy to remove friction and resolve conflicts between state and non-state actors, create stability, strengthen peace, and ultimately provide human security. The qualitative research method is based on description analysis, and data collection was done through library and virtual resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - AIPAC and its Influence on the United States of America’s Election
Reza Simbar kianoush NazariAbstract: The decentralized and distributed political structure of the United States has led to a situation that many groups and organizations have been able to affect the complicated process of decision making. Although the Jews comprise only three percent of the Unit MoreAbstract: The decentralized and distributed political structure of the United States has led to a situation that many groups and organizations have been able to affect the complicated process of decision making. Although the Jews comprise only three percent of the United States population yet they have been able to become the most influential ethnic minority in the power structure of the country. The American Jews have created prominent set of different organizations for influencing the United States foreign policy. In this regard the role of American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) as the most powerful and known American Jewish organization is quite conspicuous. The present article wants to know what role AIPAC plays in elections of the members of American Congress and President. The underlying hypothesis is that the majority of congressional and presidential candidates try to attract a positive view of this organization and benefit from its extensive financial support and propaganda. In exchange AIPAC by offering these facilities to candidates wants to shape public opinion and influence foreign policy making institutions to achieve its goals which are mobilizing support for Israel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - The Impact of Iraqi Kurdistan Geopolitics on Foreign Policy of the United States in Iraq (2003-2012)
Seyyed Jalal Dehghani Firouzabadi Khezr Khadiri VarikThe developments of the 2003 of Iraq have totally changed the political chessboard of this country as compared with the past. The United States with the aim of establishing a united secular central government implemented the first step of her policies but later it had t MoreThe developments of the 2003 of Iraq have totally changed the political chessboard of this country as compared with the past. The United States with the aim of establishing a united secular central government implemented the first step of her policies but later it had to change her approach and implemented the second step of her policies (pursuing objectives through Cohen’s entrances). In this direction the Kurds due to their geopolitical and geostrategic importance attracted the attention of the United States policy makers. The present article by a descriptive analytical method wants to answer this question that what has been the impact of Iraqi Kurdistan geopolitics after the fall of Saddam on the United States foreign policy towards Iraq? The finding of the study shows that the geopolitical features of Iraqi Kurdistan have facilitated the United States ability to influence Iraq’s policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Explaining the Role of Oil Price in Development (Beginning, Continuation and End) of Iran-Iraq War (Text in Persian)
Saeed Mirtorabi Mehrangiz Samiei Esmaeil RabieiThe observers and critics of oil and politics are of the belief that where ever there are oil reserve and war occurs، this war is certainly relating to oil. The imposed war of Iraq against Iran occurred between two major oil exporting countries in the Persian Gulf regio MoreThe observers and critics of oil and politics are of the belief that where ever there are oil reserve and war occurs، this war is certainly relating to oil. The imposed war of Iraq against Iran occurred between two major oil exporting countries in the Persian Gulf region، a region in the world which is famous for its enormous oil reserves. Taking into consideration the above fact one can find the link between this war with the wealth and oil revenue of the two countries and also the existing oil in the Persian Gulf region. The present article is trying to examine the relation between oil and the developments relating to commencement، continuation and the end of the war in a systematic and precise manner. The article also examines the impact of oil revenue and the consequences of the change in oil balance in the Persian Gulf after the victory of Islamic revolution on political situation and the calculations of Iraqi leaders and it shows how oil has helped the commencement of the war by Iraq. Likewise the article analyzes the role of oil in supplying the war expenditure and sustaining of economies of Iran and Iraq and the consequences of third oil shock، the intensification of oil tankers war، to show how these conditions had impact on continuation and later end of the war. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - Problematic Federalism in Iraq (Text in Persian)
Ahmad Saei Jahanbakhsh MoradiSome of the political observers and researchers consider federalism as an effective way for solving the problem of establishment of nation-state in societies which have multiple ethnic، religious and race structure. Iraq، being a multi-ethnic and religious country، on t MoreSome of the political observers and researchers consider federalism as an effective way for solving the problem of establishment of nation-state in societies which have multiple ethnic، religious and race structure. Iraq، being a multi-ethnic and religious country، on the basis of article four of the provisional constitution and article one of the permanent constitution chose federalism as its form of government in post Saddam era. In spite of these provisions، there still exists a problematic condition about the future of federalism in Iraq and the reason is due to certain innovations and ambiguities in Iraqi constitution and also legal and political problems about federation in that country. The present article examines these ambiguities and innovations. The article also shows that Iraqis have not used the positive experience of other federal systems. There also exist practical problems like geographical-territorial conditions، the problem of contending discourse about the place of Kurdistan in Iraqi political system. The above problems had led to a shaky position for Iraqi federalism and thus federalism is facing several challenges and problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - China’s Rising Power and the Reaction of the United States and India to it
Abomohammad Asgarkhani Mohammad Javad GhahramaniAbstract After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Chinese leaders realizing the change of international system to a multi-polar state and decrease of the power of the United States tried to balance their power against the United States. China’s cooperation w MoreAbstract After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Chinese leaders realizing the change of international system to a multi-polar state and decrease of the power of the United States tried to balance their power against the United States. China’s cooperation with Russia at this period was the manifestation of this perception. But after Kosovo crisis and the failure of Russia to show suitable reaction, China admitted the unipolarity of international system. As a result China tried to strengthen her position internally. The adoption of this policy resulted into increasing power of China in all dimensions. Naturally this evoked the reaction of other neighbouring countries and powers that are having difference with China. The major neighbor of China is India, which is growing and developing fast and claims to play an important role in international system. The question raised by present article is “what are the reaction of the United States as an important power pole and India to the rising power of China?” the article also wants to answer this question as to why the United States with the cooperation of India wants to balance China at a time that China does not want to externally balance them? The article argues that the rise of China’s power will have repercussion for the United States and India. The United States does not want that China should become a hegemon in Asia. India feels threatened by China’ increasing military power and influence in South Asia and close relations with Pakistan. The underlying hypothesis is that the increase in power of China has forced the United States and India to come closer and balance Chinese power and protect themselves from the consequences of the rise of power and influence of China. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Explaining the Security Strategy of the United States of America vis-à-vis Saudi Arabia in Post-Cold War Era (Text in Persian)
Ali Adami Elaheh PirozianThe present article is examining the security strategy of the United States vis-à-vis the Saudi Arabia during post-cold war period، the 11 September events and the recent uprising of the Middle East region. What is famous as the alliance، friendship and cooperati MoreThe present article is examining the security strategy of the United States vis-à-vis the Saudi Arabia during post-cold war period، the 11 September events and the recent uprising of the Middle East region. What is famous as the alliance، friendship and cooperation between the United States and Saudi Arabia had not been free from serious tensions. The Saudi Arabia’s expectations to receive arms and the US no support of Israel and the United States expectations about observance of human rights in Saudi Arabia and providing air base and supply of oil are among the factors that have given serious stress and strain to the cooperative and friendly relations of the two. Unlike what it appears، the cold war between the United States within the framework of combination of realism and idealism had always been problematic. From the viewpoint of both sides، these relations are a necessary alliance but they are quite fragile. The present article is trying to support this hypothesis that the security strategy of the United States vis-à-vis Saudi Arabia after September 11 events had undergone certain changes. It changed from tense cooperation into the policy of containment-suppression. But this strategy did not last long and it could not also continue. After calming down of the post 11 September emotional eruption due to the objectives and interest of the United States it changed from an aggressive position to more moderate form which existed before. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - Rentier State, State Run Economy, Political Culture and Social Capital in Iran (1989-2005) (Text in Persian)
Mohammad Hossein Hossein Panahi Ashraf AminiMost of the countries which possess natural resources have revenue separate from taxes from the people and due to this revenue rent seeking and corruption is more prevalent than other countries. It seems that huge revenue earned from export of natural resources has incr MoreMost of the countries which possess natural resources have revenue separate from taxes from the people and due to this revenue rent seeking and corruption is more prevalent than other countries. It seems that huge revenue earned from export of natural resources has increased the tendency of influential people to exploit these resources to their benefit and as a result they are creating a network of supporter-follower to seek rent. With the discovery of oil and turning into the main source of government revenue، the structure of the economy got a rentier shape and the state run economy along with concentration of revenue continued in a new form. The present article by a descriptive analytical method is trying to find the relation of oil rent with state run economy and its impact on political culture and social capital between 1989 and 2005(1368-1384 Iranian years). The finding of the study shows that oil rent has led to state capitalism and this has developed the political culture of supporter-follower and as a result weakened the social capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - Economic and Military Take off of China and its Security Impact on Islamic Republic of Iran
محمدعلی بصیری معصومه رشیدAbstract Islamic Republic of Iran and China can be considered as revisionist state in current international system. Economic and commercial relations between the two have prepared the ground for close and friendly relations. In the question of nuclear program of Iran a MoreAbstract Islamic Republic of Iran and China can be considered as revisionist state in current international system. Economic and commercial relations between the two have prepared the ground for close and friendly relations. In the question of nuclear program of Iran and Syrian crisis both the countries have had similar stand. What will be the security consequences of the rise of China as a stronger power than the United States for Islamic Republic of Iran? The present article wants to examine the consequences of this event within the framework of Barry Buzan security approach. The Underlying assumption is; that after the rise of China as a stronger power than the United States the international system undergoes change and the United States no longer be able to dominate or put pressure on Iran or jeopardize Iran's security. The methodology used by the article is descriptive-analytical and collection of data is library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - Foreign Policy of Emerging Powers toward America: Accompanying or Balancing? (Case Study: BRICS)
Seyed Ahmad Fatemi Nejad Samaneh Shafi Zadeh Fatemeh DaneshvarAbstract: BRICS is a group of emerging powers consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa who are pursuing a revisionist foreign policy in challenge to the United States unilateralism in international relations. This group of countries is trying to stre MoreAbstract: BRICS is a group of emerging powers consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa who are pursuing a revisionist foreign policy in challenge to the United States unilateralism in international relations. This group of countries is trying to strengthen economic, political and demographic potentials of themselves and can constitute the as main poles of a multi-polar structure of future world. Meanwhile the attempt of this group of countries for creating a multilateral system is a usual practice in international relations which is based on their potentials. The question raised by the present article is what is the foreign policy of BRICS towards the unilateralism practiced by the United States in international relations? The underlying hypothesis is that BRICS has chosen a kind of revisionist policy based on soft balancing against the United States unilateralism. The theory of soft balance should be a suitable approach to examine the hypothesis through two variables, i.e. “disparity of power” and “economic dependency”. Finding of the study shows that BRICS is indirectly trying to strengthen multilateralism in international relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - America's Response to China's Rise: Restoring Balance Strategy
Sajad Bahrami MoghadamAbstract: The United States as a regional hegemon does not want the formation of rival hegemon for herself in other parts of the world. Therefore, after establishing her regional hegemony in Western Hemisphere tried to prevent rival great powers to gain control of Asia MoreAbstract: The United States as a regional hegemon does not want the formation of rival hegemon for herself in other parts of the world. Therefore, after establishing her regional hegemony in Western Hemisphere tried to prevent rival great powers to gain control of Asia and Europe. Some of the great powers like Japan and Germany before 1945 and later the Soviet Union had the potential to become regional hegemony. Presently China after four decades of modernization of the country's vital elements of power is in a position to become a regional hegemon in Asia Pacific in a way that the United States has to reconsider its calculations about China. The present article wants to answer this question why the United States wants to be present in different regions of the world and what factors has affected the United States strategy in Asia Pacific? The underlying hypothesis is that the United States nation security is affected by balance of power in other regions and the presence of the United States in several regions of the world is a response to rise of regional hegemons and the new strategy of the United States in Asia Pacific is a response to rise of China's power. The above hypothesis has been explained with an explanative method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - Integrative and Disintegrative Factors in Iran and Turkey’s Relations after Coming into Power the Islamist Party of Justice and Development in Turkey (2002-2009
Jalal Derakhsheh Majid DivsalarThe present article examines the relations of Iran and Turkey from the time of coming into power of the Islamist party of Justice and Development in Turkey from 2002 till 2009. For this purpose the paper lays emphasis on variables such as the quest of the two country to MoreThe present article examines the relations of Iran and Turkey from the time of coming into power of the Islamist party of Justice and Development in Turkey from 2002 till 2009. For this purpose the paper lays emphasis on variables such as the quest of the two country to become a regional power، the attitude of the two countries towards the Middle East، nuclear issue of Iran، the Kurdish problem in relations of the two countries، the important factors in expansion of the relations of the two countries، the impact of the United States and Israel relations with Turkey on Iran، the economic cooperation between the two countries and the interaction of these variable on each other. The question، which is raised by the article، is that، what are the factors contributing to integration and disintegration between Iran and Turkey? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - A Study of the Place of Hollywood Cinema in Media Diplomacy of the United States: Representation, Cultural Hegemony and Furtherance of Foreign Policy Goals
Majid Tavassoli Roknabadi Bashir EsmaeiliIn recent years there has been an increase on emphasis on terms like media diplomacy, soft power, soft war etc. in political literature. On this issue besides several conferences and lectures, lot of written works has analyzed the furtherance of foreign policy goals thr MoreIn recent years there has been an increase on emphasis on terms like media diplomacy, soft power, soft war etc. in political literature. On this issue besides several conferences and lectures, lot of written works has analyzed the furtherance of foreign policy goals through media diplomacy. Among the existing literature the term representation has extensive theoretical backing by international politics theoricians and it has not been addressed sufficiently. The present article wants to answer this question that on which theoretical bases Hollywood as a device of American media diplomacy help furtherance of the United States foreign policy? The underlying hypothesis is that representation can explain the relation between media diplomacy and furtherance of foreign policy goals. Among the American media Hollywood has been selected as case study and the time span is Cold War era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - An Explanation of the Relations between Iran and USA in Imam Khomeini’s Foreign Policy Discourse
Rahim Afsharian Seyed Asadolah AthariAbstract: The political orientation of states determines the quality of their relationship. Foreign policy is basically an outcome of the identity theories and their actors cannot act efficiently and in a sustained manner unless they achieve a unified theory and ideolo MoreAbstract: The political orientation of states determines the quality of their relationship. Foreign policy is basically an outcome of the identity theories and their actors cannot act efficiently and in a sustained manner unless they achieve a unified theory and ideology. Imam Khomeini considered “Islam” as a different entity so that “others” can be identified in his political identity and perception. Language and ideology emphasizes on justification, production and reproduction of hegemony and unequal power relationship and consider the aim of criticism paying attention to most profound aspect of power in society through exposing the hypocrisy of language. Critical discourse analysis from philosophical point of view is based on social constructivism which by emphasis on human factor reduces the reality to human structure. The aim of critical analysis is to show ideological belief and values which has reflected itself as common sense. Everyone knows that the United States has the role of “hostile” and “other” in Imam Khomeini’s discourse and this role remains until America does not change her behavioral pattern. In response to this question “What are the conditions for normalization of relations between the two countries in Imam Khomeini’s discourse?” factors like “mutual respect” and “change of confrontationist and hostile policy” are recognized. The article by a descriptive method based on library material examines Islamic ideas of Imam Khomeini, his critical discourse analysis in foreign policy and then tests the article’s hypothesis, to prove the general principles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - Evaluating of US Anti-Iranian Sanctions Under the context of Defending Human Rights
Mahmood Jalali Setareh Sadeghi Mohammadi Mojtaba BabaeiAbstract Human rights as one of the main features of civilization and development of human community enjoy special significance in international relations. However, ambiguity in its definition and the instrumental use of this concept are considered as major challenges MoreAbstract Human rights as one of the main features of civilization and development of human community enjoy special significance in international relations. However, ambiguity in its definition and the instrumental use of this concept are considered as major challenges for the promotion of the current status of human rights in the World. Under such conditions, the West particularly the US, intervening in the internal affairs of other countries on the pretext of defending democracy and human rights, has launched propaganda against many countries through its public and media diplomacy. From 1993 to 1996, the US imposed over 61 unilateral sanctions on 35 countries which covered 42% of the world’s population. The extraterritorial nature of the unilateral sanctions by the US has caused a controversy. Many states believe that such sanctions violate their sovereignty rights as independent nations. Since the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the US has always considered 'sanctions' as one of the tools to change Iran’s approach. Washington has highlighted human rights sanctions as 'smart sanctions', imposed under human rights claims to pressure Iran to give concessions and adopt an inactive diplomacy in political fields particularly in nuclear issue. This paper seeks to study the role of human rights sanctions in the US strategy against Iran and find proper and practical approaches to manage the challenges and opportunities facing Iran in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - A Study of the United States Foreign Policy in Afghanistan: State Building with Emphasis on Reconstruction of Armed Forces (Text in Persian)
Ali MohammadianFrom the time of military attack on Afghanistan by international coalition led by the United States in 2001، a decade has passed. The consequence of this attack was the fall of the extremist regime of Taliban. After that، the holding of Bon 1 conference on 5th December MoreFrom the time of military attack on Afghanistan by international coalition led by the United States in 2001، a decade has passed. The consequence of this attack was the fall of the extremist regime of Taliban. After that، the holding of Bon 1 conference on 5th December 2001 drew the process of development before Afghanistan for a decade. From that date many developments have taken place which major part of them had security and military nature. Parts of the agreement of Western countries were reconstruction of military and security organs of Afghanistan. In this regard the presence of the United States and its allies within the framework of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been more prominent. They are determined to seek the support of other countries and several international agencies to proceed with the project of state building، to build a strong and stable central government and sustained society in Afghanistan. Certainly taking into consideration the peculiarities of the exclusive society of Afghanistan the formation of security organs and their functioning can be a key lever of central government in bringing stability in Afghanistan. The present article intends to examine the policy of state building in Afghanistan and formation of the structure of a new armed forces and the impact of these measures in creating security and stability in that country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - Idea Centric Order: the United States of America's Pattern of Order in Post Cold War International System
Alireza RezaeiWhen the power structure changes in international politics in that situation the possibilities and ground for cooperation and new challenges are created and the pattern of relations among the actors will be adjusted out of traditional structure. In transition from bipol MoreWhen the power structure changes in international politics in that situation the possibilities and ground for cooperation and new challenges are created and the pattern of relations among the actors will be adjusted out of traditional structure. In transition from bipolar structure the Americans considered themselves as the triumphant of the cold war and tried to establish their position in international system. The post cold war era created a suitable ground for the implementation of strategic objectives of the United States as the remaining pole of the world order. This referred to the effort of the United States leaders for consolidating their hegemony in post cold war international system. The question which arises is that how can we explain the United States pattern of international order in post cold war era? The underlying hypothesis is that the United States pattern of order in post cold war international order is within the framework of "idea centric order". In idea centric order the hegemony of the single pole designs and manages the world، regional and local dynamics. The idea centric order is based on certain norms، ways، patterns، rules، and criteria which the dominant player formulates، implements and justifies in the direction of its own national interests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - The Formation of New Cold War in the Competition of the United States and Russia in Caucasus (Text in Persian)
Esmaeil Shafiee Ali Karam SafariThe study and measurement of the presence and effectiveness of the United States and Russia in Caucasus region shows the important new development which is taking place in the region. It seems that the United States is having a grand plan to bring change in technology a MoreThe study and measurement of the presence and effectiveness of the United States and Russia in Caucasus region shows the important new development which is taking place in the region. It seems that the United States is having a grand plan to bring change in technology and economic structure of the countries of Caucasus region. Its aim is substituting free market model economy and capitalism with centrally planned and state economies. In this way facilitate the necessary ground for expansion of its influence and also controlling the political structure of the newly independent republics. It also aims at containing regions and forces that challenge the United States. On the other hand Russia which considers itself the Godfather of this strategic region calls this region “the near abroad” and is determined to contain the United States expansion of influence in the region. In the present article by a descriptive analytical method, an attempt is made to raise this question whether a new cold war has started in the Caucasus region after the end of cold war? The underlying hypothesis that the paper examines, is that, with the presence of the United States in Caucasus region, a new cold war has started. On the whole it seems that by increasing the economic, political and strategic and military attractions of the region the possibility of conflict also increases considerably. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - The Impact of Iranian Nuclear Program on Regional Security System of the Middle East (Persian Gulf) with Emphasis on Offensive Realism Theory
Masoud Jafari Nejad Fidafeh MadabadiAbstract: In the past thirteen years the question of nuclear issue of Iran has become one of the important issues in the Middle East. Iran, the United States and the littoral states of the Persian Gulf are the actors who are concerned with security repercussions of the MoreAbstract: In the past thirteen years the question of nuclear issue of Iran has become one of the important issues in the Middle East. Iran, the United States and the littoral states of the Persian Gulf are the actors who are concerned with security repercussions of the nuclear issue. The position of the United States and the Arab countries of the south of the Persian Gulf is opposition to peaceful Iranian nuclear program. The question raised by the present article is why the United States tried to emphasize that the nuclear program of Iran is a threat to the countries of the region and there existed security problem? The underlying hypothesis is that the securitization of the nuclear issue of Iran along with Iran phobia project can ensure the United States strategic interests in the Middle East particularly the Persian Gulf region. The impression of the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf region has also shaped on the basis of these propagandas. The present article examines the above issue within the framework of aggressive realism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - The Possible Crises in the United States Relations with China
Hamed Mohagheghnia Jahanbakhsh MoradiThe foreign relations of countries always depend on a set of intentions, objectives, interests, interpretations and interactions which are the outcome of decision making centre in internal structures and international limitations and its repercussions are also seen in d MoreThe foreign relations of countries always depend on a set of intentions, objectives, interests, interpretations and interactions which are the outcome of decision making centre in internal structures and international limitations and its repercussions are also seen in domestic and external sphere. The bilateral relations of the United States and China are not an exception to this rule. The United States and China expanded their relations from 1971. They had a successful record in interaction with each other in many field especially in economic field but this does not mean that there are no differences between the two. There are always threat and danger of tension and crisis in relations of the two world powers. The most important possible crises in relations of the United States and China are the problem of Taiwan and also the presence of the United States of other powers in sphere of influence of China and the ensuing tensions in that direction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of nanosized modified mesocellulous silica foams (MCFs) with PW12 and vanadium oxide
Leili Shabani Hamid Aliyan -
Open Access Article
404 - Preparation of α-Fe2O3 Nano-photocatalyst supported on Cd(II)-Terephthalic MOF for photocatalytic removal of Cefazolin aqueous solution
Seyed Kamal Blourfrosh Kazem Mahanpoor -
Open Access Article
405 - Nanosized mesoporous composite PW12-APTES@KIT-6: An efficient heterogeneous catalyst for selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones
Razieh Fazaeli Hamid Aliyan Somaieh Parishani Foroushani Zahra Mohagheghian Zahra Heidari -
Open Access Article
406 - An Overview of the Transformation of the Official Clothing of Government Personnel of the Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar and Reza Shah Pahlavi Periods
fariba mehrmand Ali Akbar KhedrizadehExpansion of the relations between Iran and the West is one of the hallmarks of the Qajar and Pahlavi era. Familiarity with the culture and Western civilization of Iran has caused a relatively large social change, including changing the clothing of some sections of soci MoreExpansion of the relations between Iran and the West is one of the hallmarks of the Qajar and Pahlavi era. Familiarity with the culture and Western civilization of Iran has caused a relatively large social change, including changing the clothing of some sections of society, and especially the official dress of government employees. Based on this, the main purpose of the paper is to review the developments in the official dress of Naser al-Din Shah government staff and the Reza Shah period. Now, the question arises, what difference has there been between the design and the manner in which the work of the state employees during the period of Naser-al-Din Shah was during the period of Reza Shah? The hypothesis of the article is that with the efforts of Shah Qajar and Pahlavi I to change the cover, the official dress of government employees changed in terms of rank, position, social communication and in terms of design and how it was implemented. The research method in this paper is based on the description and adaptation of historical data and the results of this research indicate the process of westernizing influence on the cost of Naser al-Dinshah's administrative staff and the escalation of modernity on the development of state-owned personnel clothing with the authoritarian method of Reza Shah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - بررسی بیوشیمیایی کنجاله بذر کاستور فرآوری شده در تغذیه و فیزیولوژی بلدرچینهای ژاپنی
آ.آ. آنانگیو جی.اُ. آته جی.ک. جوزف م.آ. بلوو آ.اُ. آدینا آ.اس. آکانبی آ.ت. یوسف ف.ای. سولا-اُجو اس.اُ. آجید و.اُ. چیمزی جی.اچ. اِدوهدر این پژوهش، کنجاله بذر کاستور تیمار شده و روغن­گیری شده برای آنالیز تقریبی و سنجش مواد ضد تغذیه­ای (فیتوکمیکال­ها) مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. کیک بذر توسط تکنیک بیوشیمیایی تخمیر حالت جامد با استفاده از Aspergillus niger و افزودن اکسید کلسیم (CaO) تیمار شده Moreدر این پژوهش، کنجاله بذر کاستور تیمار شده و روغن­گیری شده برای آنالیز تقریبی و سنجش مواد ضد تغذیه­ای (فیتوکمیکال­ها) مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. کیک بذر توسط تکنیک بیوشیمیایی تخمیر حالت جامد با استفاده از Aspergillus niger و افزودن اکسید کلسیم (CaO) تیمار شده و به این ترتیب کنجاله بذر کاستور تیمار شده (TCSM) به دست آمد. تعداد 120 قطعه جوجه بلدرچین ژاپنی (Coturnix coturnix japonica) در چهار تیمار شامل مقادیر صفر، 5/2، 5 و 5/7 درصد TCSM (تیمارهای 1، 2، 3 و 4) با جیره­های با سطوح یکسان نیتروژن و انرژی خوراک­دهی شدند. آزمایش تا روز 56 ادامه داشته و غذا و آب به صورت اختیاری به حیوانات ارائه شد. داه­های ترکیب تقریبی خوراک نشان داد که بذر خام بقایای چربیگیری شده (کیک) و کنجاله بذر کاستور فرآوری شده حاوی مواد مغذی ارزشمند نظیر ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، چربی، فیبر، مواد معدنی و کربوهیدرات­های محلول (NFE) است. کمی­سازی فیتوکمیکال­ها نشان می­دهد که سطوح بالایی از مواد ضد تغذیه­ای نظیر رایسین، آلرژن­ها و رایسینین در بذر خام وجود دارد. ولی با چربی­گیری و اعمال تیمار روی کنجاله کیک از طریق تخمیر حالت جامد توسط A. niger و CaO سطوح این فیتوکمیکال­ها کاهش یافته است. نتایج صفات عملکردی حاکی از کاهش در مصرف غذا، افزایش وزن، و رشد بوده و نرخ مرگ و میر نیز به طور ویژه در جیره حاوی بالاترین سطح (5/7 درصد) TCSM در مقایسه با جیره کنترل افزایش یافته است (05/0>P). ماندگاری مواد مغذی در جیره­های آزمایشی با مقادیر اندازه­گیری شده در جیره مرجع برای کربوهیدرات­های محلول قابل مقایسه نبوده و با افزایش CSM در مقایسه با جیره شاهد، کاهش یافته است (05/0>P). در پارامترهای خون­شناسی، مقدار PCV و میانگین MCH در جیره­های حاوی TCSM نسبت به جیره شاهد، به نحو چشمگیری بالار بوده است (05/0>P). ولی شاخص­های بیوشیمیایی (پروتئین سرم، آلبومین، گلوبولین، نسبت آلبومین به گلوبولین و فعالیت فسفاتاز قلیایی (ALP) تحت تأثیر CSM جیره­ای قرار نگرفتند (05/0>P). فعالیت آنزیمی آسپارتات آمینو ترانسفراز (AST) همگام با افزایش سطح CSM در جیره­ها روند کاهشی داشته است (05/0>P). پروفایل الکترولیت­ها در بلدرچین­های تغذیه شده با جیره­های آزمایشی بر مبنای TCSM تفاوت معنی­داری از نظر غلظت Ca++ و HCO3- با جیره­ شاهد داشت. به طور کلی می­توان نتیجه گرفت که علیرغم تیمار CSM توسط تخمیر حالت جامد با افزودن A. niger و CaO در جیره­های آزمایشی، به نظر می­رسد که هنوز افزودن TCSM منجر به القای مسمومیت و افزایش مرگ و میر در بلدرچین­ها می­گردد. پژوهش­های دیگر می­توانند روی سطوح قابل قبول و بالاتر پس از اعمال تیمارهای لازم متمرکز گردند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - Transforming Fuzzy State Diagram to Fuzzy Petri net
H. Motameni I. Daneshfar J. Bakhshi H. Nematzadeh -
Open Access Article
409 - The Mechanism of Real Estate Capitalism in Miandoab Area
Reza Manafiazar hassan afrakhteh Abdol Hamid NazariReal estate is Part of capitalism, so long as produces the increased value by consumed value is served for productive capital flow. When it only focuses on asset value by trading and expediency Motivation the capitalism is Accounted as unproductive capital. The purpose MoreReal estate is Part of capitalism, so long as produces the increased value by consumed value is served for productive capital flow. When it only focuses on asset value by trading and expediency Motivation the capitalism is Accounted as unproductive capital. The purpose of this research is to study and find real estate mechanism in Miandoab Area.. By applying RS technique, the changes in Land coverage of case study Area during 1998, 2006, 2016 were attained by Landsat images. 47.49 increase of built Level indicates the widespread activities of real estate in this Area. Data collection and data analysis were done by Q method. The logic of this reasoning is abduction. The society of communication includes 32 economy, geography, and planning of rural-urban professors that were selected by target sampling. The concourse of communication is arranged by new sources and Interviews in the form of 107statements, by society of communication in Q cards. The results based on factor-exploratory analysis of person-based (stephenson method) showed that eight factors as follow: economy channel and rentier government, deficiency in legal structures and Mafia activities, low risk of Investment in real estates, weakness of productive capitalism and the lack of formal channel ownership, taking land as a commodity, urban scrip and Service expanding, local-spatial representations of real estate bourgeoisie and hoarding have affected on capitalism mechanism. Also, weakness in economy channels, dependency to oil rent and disregarding of Land taxes caused to formation of real estate capitalism and eventually removed capital from production Orbit Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - Explaining the Social – Cultural Role of Tourism in Rural Development (Case Study: Southwest Rurals of Guilan)
Parviz Rajabi Nasrollah Molaeihashjin Akbar MotamedimehrIntroduction: Social and cultural effects of tourism are the procedures that tourism creates changes in value systems, people’s behavior families’ connections, genre of group life, traditional customs, and social; systems in that. Tourists communicate with L MoreIntroduction: Social and cultural effects of tourism are the procedures that tourism creates changes in value systems, people’s behavior families’ connections, genre of group life, traditional customs, and social; systems in that. Tourists communicate with Local inhabitants during their residence destinations and the result of their mutual communications cuase changes in society of hosts’ quality of life, value systems, division of labor, familie’s relations, attitudes, behavior Patterns, customs and usages. These changes become obvious if there are a lot of cultural – social discrepancies between tourists and local residents. Today’s cultural social planning in local areas as a part of local permanent development process is very important.Research Aim: The aim of the current research is to determine the socio-cultural role of tourism in the development of the southwestern villages of Gilan.Methodology: Ready research has fulfilled in terms of descriptive – analytic. Essential data collection has fulfilled by two ways of reading documents and fieldwork. In the part of Reading documents, ground role of theory and history of reading are the topic of research study and on this base, the number of effective tourism social – cultural index on local development has chosen. Because of extent of study realm and much more number of families, random sampling was used. In first phase, the number of sample rural families were calculated in terms of caukran. Sampling and then 378 sample questioner were devoted on the base of families’ proportional distribution on the area. Emamzade Ebrahim, Ghale´e Roudkhan, shanbe Bazar, Makolvan, Emamzade Eshagh, seyed Abad, Nasir Mahale, Chomach Gurab, Doroud khan, Markhal, Abaskouh, Roudpish, Jirde, Siamazgi, Lask, Node, Koumsar, Lolaman, Gasht, Siahroud, and Kord Mahale are sample villages in ready research study.Studied Areas: The southwestern villages of Gilan province constitute the study area of this research.Results: With regards to data derivation from questionar, for evaluation and statement of cultural – social role of tourism in rural development, indexes were used like: helping to increas of citizens’ fixation toward, village, to persuade to more use of Modern instrument for homes, rising life style, to improve public social services, increasing career chances, freedom feeling for rural women, to develop, changing and renovation of local culture to develop and improvement of career chances between rural men and women, to develop sanitary services, improvement of social relations and deduction of social equality, prevention of rural imeg ration process, encouragement and preparation of reciprocal imegaation, preparation of new conviniences and services, revivaland, reinforcement of fixation of inmate to local customers, habitudes, architecture, handicrafts and dressing. Descriptive findings show that there is a relationship between tourism and cultural changes in Local area of southwest Guilan.Conclusion: The southwestern region of Gilan has provided the development of villages by taking advantage of the capabilities and potentials of natural, historical-archaeological, religious and economic tourism. These changes that result from the development of tourism have laid the foundation for rural development with a socio-cultural approach in the southwestern district of Guilan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - Ranking of Indicators Effective on the Locating Industrial Estate with TOPSIST-VIKOR Techniques (Case Study: Qazvin Province)
Parvaneh Gholipoor Seyed Habib Rahmati Mohammad Mehdi MozaffariToday, the issue of locating industrial complexes at the national and regional level in the macroeconomic structure is important in terms of its benefits and strategic issues. Because it leads to optimization of time, cost and prevention of waste of human, financial and MoreToday, the issue of locating industrial complexes at the national and regional level in the macroeconomic structure is important in terms of its benefits and strategic issues. Because it leads to optimization of time, cost and prevention of waste of human, financial and environmental resources, economic development and welfare.Therefore, the purpose of this research is provide a scientific and practical approach to locating a technology service center in the Qazvin province. The research method is descriptive-analytic. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts and experienced experts with a sample size of 20 people. The tool was a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using the vikor and TOPSIS technique. In this research, five industrial sites including Abik, Khoramdasht, Heydarieh, Arasandeh and Lia have been investigated for determining the suitable industrial site for the establishment of a technology business service center. These centers are selected under the supervision of Qazvin industrial Estate which are project sponsors. The results indicate that the industrial place of Lia is considered in accordance to the qualitative, quantitative and service factors, selected from the selected areas for the operation and construction of the service center. In order to work and technology have been introduced Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - The Survey the changes in Iran's human development index
rahmatollah bahramiOne important indicator of the degree of development of countries in the Human Development Index is used. Advance human development, improving quality of life or living standards of people in a country or region. The main objective of benefit to humans, Terms of i MoreOne important indicator of the degree of development of countries in the Human Development Index is used. Advance human development, improving quality of life or living standards of people in a country or region. The main objective of benefit to humans, Terms of improving the quality of human lives. The World Bank's index is used to calculate the degree of development of the country. The present article aims to review the province's Human Development Index, with a descriptive - analytical those addresses. Results show Iran's Human Development Index of 571/0 in 1975 to 779/0 in 2008 has increased. Increase of per capita income in 73/0. Expectancy 755/0 increase in education index 851/0. These increases resulted in improvement of the human development index of 77/0 in 1384 to 788/0 in 1385 has been. Improvement in the human development index too. Human development indicators in the education sector but in the context of improving life expectancy, per capita income has not recovered. The results show positive effects of development has tended to provinces and territories that already have better social andeconomic conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - Use of MCDM Methods in order to Prioritize Tourism (Case Study: Ardebil Province)
بابک توکلی مهدی عالی پور اردی فاطمه جهانی شکیبToday, tourism is considered an important industry for furthering economy for revenue and also an important source for achieving sustainable development through use of all considerations in the area of sustainable development. Tourist development as a set of economic ac MoreToday, tourism is considered an important industry for furthering economy for revenue and also an important source for achieving sustainable development through use of all considerations in the area of sustainable development. Tourist development as a set of economic activities has a significant impact in strengthening economic foundations of societies. In order to find out which regions in Ardebil have different talents for tourism, we attempted to prioritize the cities of this state by use of multi-criteria decision-making methods. For this purpose, we used tourism infrastructures in these regions, according to established guidelines with the purpose of providing service and development profit to tourists and travellers or guests.We used compound AHP and TOPSIS models to pritorize Ardebil city’s. The results of decision-making methods showed that residential in frastructures and tourism areas have gained the most points and scores from the view of experts and university teachers and finally tourists, and the importance of these two has been the determinant of priority of towns for tourism. For proving this, it can be observed that towns of Sar’ein and Ardebil have had more residential infrastructures and tourism areas are finally considered as the top priorities having ability to attract tourists. One can point to high capability of used methods that have well managed to be useful in the present study. Also, suggestions have been presented in order to further tourism in achieved areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - Willingness To Pay For Organic Vegetables among Households in Anambra State, Nigeria
C Nwofoke B Bargissa -
Open Access Article
415 - Assessing Qualifications, Knowledge and Work Experience Of Sales Personnel on Safety Measures of Pesticides in Wad Medani, Sudan
Ehab Elsir M. Alias Ahmed M. Bereir Refag S. Hamed -
Open Access Article
416 - The Role of Agricultural Extension in Raising the Productivity of Rainfed Sorghum Small-Scale Farmers in Gezira State, Sudan: A Case Study from South Gezira Locality
Refag Hamed Ahmed Bereir Hind Mustafa -
Open Access Article
417 - Ekiti State Social Security Scheme (ESSSS) and its Effect on Food Security in Ekiti State, Nigeria
R. O. Babatunde A. H. Adenuga O. M. Adenuga F. L. Olagunju -
Open Access Article
418 - Analysis of Entrepreneurial Behavior among Cassava Farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Oko-Isu Anthony Nwachukwu Ifeanyi Ndubuto Oteh Ukeh Ogbonnaya Njoku Maria Etomchi -
Open Access Article
419 - Impact of Kampe Irrigation Dam on Farming Household Dietary Diversity in Kogi state, Nigeria
Babatunde R. O Opeyemi G Adenuga H. A Olagunju F. I Aminou A -
Open Access Article
420 - Constraints to Effective Use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) among Small-scale Farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria
E.N. Ajani -
Open Access Article
421 - Optimum Farm Plan for Food Security among Smallholder Farmers in Imo State, Nigeria
Ohajianya, D.O Enwerem, V.A Offodile, P.O Onyeagocha, S.U.O Osuji, M.N Nwaiwu, I.U Henri-Ukoha, A Echetama, J.A -
Open Access Article
422 - Optimum Farm Plan for Food Security among Smallholder Farmers in Imo State, Nigeria
Ohajianya D. O Enwerem V. A Offodile P. O Onyeagocha S. U. O Osuji M. N Nwaiwu I. U Henri-Ukoha A Echetama J. A -
Open Access Article
423 - Prospects of Selected Forest Fruits and Vegetables in Enugu North Agricultural Zone of Enugu State, Nigeria
Eneje N.C. Onwubuya E.A. Mbah E.N -
Open Access Article
424 - Influence of Socioeconomic Characteristics on Purposes for which Mobile Phone was used by Small Scale Farmers in the Gezira State, Sudan
Ahmed M. Abdel Rahman Isam O. Fadol -
Open Access Article
425 - Effectiveness of Technology Dissemination and Adoption among Farmers in Cross-River State, Nigeria
Agbarevo, M.N. Benjamin Nwachukwu Ephraim. O -
Open Access Article
426 - The effect of group counseling on reinforcement of Adult ego state which is based on transactional analysis theory related to modifying irrational beliefs in 13-15 years old adolescent female students in Isfahan city in 2015-2016
khatereh azadmilajerdi farzaneh niknejadiThe objective of this research was studying about the effect of group counseling on reinforcement of Adult ego state which is based on transactional analysis theory related to modifying irrational beliefs in 13-15 years old adolescent female students in Isfahan city in MoreThe objective of this research was studying about the effect of group counseling on reinforcement of Adult ego state which is based on transactional analysis theory related to modifying irrational beliefs in 13-15 years old adolescent female students in Isfahan city in 2015-2016. Quasi-experimental research design was set on pretest-posttest with two groups of "experiment and evidence" and "multi-stage cluster sampling". Therefore among the students who had low self-differentiation score and high irrational beliefs score 30 students has selected randomly and the 15 persons were placed in experiment group and the rest were placed in evidence group. Adolescents of experiment group were under 10 sessions of 1.5 hour group counseling group counseling on reinforcement of “Adult ego state “based on transactional analysis theory once a week but the evidence group did not receive any intervention. In this research Irrational Beliefs of Joines were used (1968).The results were analyzed using analysis of covariance showed that group counseling reinforcement of "adult ego state" based on transactional change irrational beliefs and its components, including Demand for approval, high self expectation, preparedness for blame, emotional irresponsibility, anxious over concern, problem avoidance, dependency, helplessness for change, perfectionism had a significant effect (P <0.05), but the components " reaction of frustration "no significant effect. (P>0.05). Keywords: reinforcement of “adult ego state, transactional analysis, irrational beliefs Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - ویژگی های گروه های پویا و وضعیت اقتصادی اجتماعی تولیدکنندگان کاکائو در ایالت اگون نیجریه
Olaoluwa Ayodeji Adebayo -
Open Access Article
428 - Impact of Youth Commercial Agricultural Development Programme on Poverty Status of Rural Households in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Adetomiwa Kolapo Olanrewaju Adebayo Olanipekun یوآنده بوبولا آکانده Matthew Kolawole Opeyemi Muhammed -
Open Access Article
429 - -Empirical Assessment of Environmental and Health Risks in Intensive Poultry Production in Kwara State, Nigeria
بوسلا آمولگبه خدیجت آبیمبولا عثمان موتیات اولاینکا آنیماشون جوبریلThe study was designed to assess the environmental and health risks arising from intensive poultry production in Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 120 poultry farmers in Kwara State under the Poultry Association of Nigeria (PAN) were selected randomly for the study, and MoreThe study was designed to assess the environmental and health risks arising from intensive poultry production in Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 120 poultry farmers in Kwara State under the Poultry Association of Nigeria (PAN) were selected randomly for the study, and structured questionnaires were administered. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and the linear regression. The study revealed that about 79.5% of the poultry farmers were literate, having completed at least a tertiary educational level. In addition, the results showed that the environmental and health issues were significant during production and processing. It was further revealed that the type of battery cage used and educational level of the farmers were positively significant, while the year of establishment was negatively significant when it comes to the adoption practices. This implies that the higher the level of education, the more likely farmers adopt improved practices. Moreover, it was observed that the majority of the poultry farmers do not abide by the environmental and public health laws and regulations; therefore, it is recommended that government should enforce strict supervisory agencies of the sanitation/health policies aiming at environmental preservation and protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - تکنیکهای زراعی، چالشهای محیطی و کارایی فنی تولید سیبزمینی شیرین در ایالت آبیا در نیجریه
نمدی اهریم گلوری بن چندو استفن اونیوگوچا اوبون اسین امکا اوسوجو ملیسا اوکوارادستیابی به تولید موفقیتآمیز سیبزمینی شیرین درصورت استفادة بیرویه از نهادههای کشاورزی دشوار خواهد بود و باعث اتلاف و صدمات زیستمحیطی خواهد شد هم­چنانکه کشاورزی در ایالت آبیا با این مشکلات مواجه است. مسائل ناشی از مصرف نهادههای کشاورزی و پیامدهای آنها برای محیط Moreدستیابی به تولید موفقیتآمیز سیبزمینی شیرین درصورت استفادة بیرویه از نهادههای کشاورزی دشوار خواهد بود و باعث اتلاف و صدمات زیستمحیطی خواهد شد هم­چنانکه کشاورزی در ایالت آبیا با این مشکلات مواجه است. مسائل ناشی از مصرف نهادههای کشاورزی و پیامدهای آنها برای محیط زیست نیازمند مطالعهای بر روی شیوههای زراعی مناسب و کارایی فنی مزرعهای برای استفادة بهینه از منابع در تولید سیب زمینی شیرین در ایالت آبیا بود. دادههای این تحقیق از 156 زارع سیب زمینی شیرین به کمک روش نمونهگیری چندمرحلهای با استفاده از یک پرسشنامة ساختارمند جمعآوری شدند. سپس این اطلاعات توسط آمار توصیفی مانند میانگین، توزیع فراوانی نسبی و تحلیل مرزی تولید تصادفی تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از کود غیرآلی (378/65 درصد) در سیستم تولید دیم با استفاده از سوزاندن مکرر بتهها (67/66 درصد) و استفاده از مقادیر پایین آهک (8/5 درصد) رایجترین شیوههای زراعی هستند که نتایجی چون آبشویی، شکنندگی خاک، فرسایش، سیلاب و اسیدی شدن خاک را در پی دارد. کشت مختلط (46/63 درصد) با ارقام بهبودیافتهای چون TIS 8164 (2/71 درصد) و TIS 0087 (1/64 درصد) اقداماتی برای مقابله با برخی چالشهای زیستمحیطیاند. برآورد درستنمایی بیشینه (MLE) حاکی از بازده به مقیاس 236/0 است که در حال کاهش میباشد. این موضوع نشان میدهد که افزایش اندازة مزرعه و مصرف کود میتواند به شکل معنیداری به ترتیب باعث افزایش متناسب کمتر از 06538/0 و 08142/0 در خروجی سیب زمینی شیرین بشود یا میتوان آن را با بهرة روی سرمایة استقراضی به اندازةکمتر از 004138/0 کاهش دهد. گاما (0403/0) کمتر از واحد و در سطح p < 0.05 معنیدار بود که نشان میدهد حدود 30/4 درصد ناهمخواهی بین خروجی مشاهدهشده و خروجی مرزی به خاطر عدمکارایی فنی کشاورزان سیب زمینی شیرین بود. ناهمخواهی گسترده در کارایی فنی کشاورزان بین 298/0 درصد تا 4/99 درصد متغیر بود و میانگین 1/47 درصد نشاندهندة نیاز به پر کردن این شکاف است. درنتیجه، به نظر میرسد کاهش اندازة خانوار، سابقة کشاورزی و منبعیابی مواد گیاهی از NRCRI یا IITA میتواند باعث افزایش عدمکارایی فنی کشاورزان بشود درحالیکه این عدمکارایی را میتوان با سن و سطح آموزش رسمی کشاورزان سیب زمینی شیرین در منطقه کاهش داد. به طور کلی، نتایج نشان میدهد که کاهش سوزاندن بتهها اما افزایش استفاده از آهک در کنار استفاده از افزودنیهای آلی به خاک و آبیاری اگر با کشاورزان جوان و آموزشدیده همراه شود میتواند باعث کاهش صدمات زیستمحیطی و همچنین افزایش کارایی فنی کشاورزان سیب زمینی شیرین در منطقه بشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - Perceived Effects of Poor Road Transportation Network on Crop Production in Kaiama Local Government Area of Kwara State, North central Nigeria
لطیف لاوا آدفولا اولوواسوگو دیوید اولورونفمی لطیف کهینده اولاتینوو یوسف اولاتونجیThis paper examines the effect of the poor road transportation network on crop production in one of the rural agrarian local government of Kwara State, Nigeria. A well-structured interview schedule was conducted to elicit information from 120 crop farmers using a two-st MoreThis paper examines the effect of the poor road transportation network on crop production in one of the rural agrarian local government of Kwara State, Nigeria. A well-structured interview schedule was conducted to elicit information from 120 crop farmers using a two-stage sampling technique. Findings from the study revealed that the poor road transportation network in their area had led to a reduction in their income, longer time in transporting produce to more buoyant markets, as well as incurring high transportation costs. Chi-square analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between age, educational level, years of farming experience, and the respondents’ perceived effects of poor road transportation network for their crop production. The study recommends an urgent intervention from government and stakeholders in terms of construction and rehabilitation of roads in these rural agrarian areas in an attempt to help improve the livelihoods of the farmers through enhancing transportation of produce to more buoyant markets in good condition and at less cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Designing and explaining the organizational model in the employees of state banks in Iran Based on Grounded Theory
Alireza Najafpour reza Najafbeigi karamallah daneshfardThe purpose of this study is to define and design organizational learning model among the Iranian state banks employees. The research is carried out in the framework of qualitative approach by using grounded theory method. The Statistical Society of managers and staff o MoreThe purpose of this study is to define and design organizational learning model among the Iranian state banks employees. The research is carried out in the framework of qualitative approach by using grounded theory method. The Statistical Society of managers and staff of state banks, informants and elites of organizational learning of state banks such as university professors, researchers and those who have information from the structure of these banks which 15 people of them were selected by purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data; simultaneous analysis of interviews was performed using three stages of open, axial and selective coding. According to results, the organizational learning in the Iranian state banks was modeled in 5 category include: casual conditions(Individual skills, Mental models, Financial resources) , context(Cultural context, Political and economic context) intermediaries (Organizational rules, Common vision) , strategies(Performance management, Intellectual capital management, Create learning opportunities, Team learning, Systematic thinking) and results (Develop staff capabilities, Environmental adaption, Organizational success, Social learning). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - Presenting a model for improving the productivity of human capital in government organizations with the approach of the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution
Seyed Amirali DidegahThe purpose of this study is to present a model for improving the productivity of human capital in government organizations with the approach of the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution (exemplary employees of government departments in the oil industry MoreThe purpose of this study is to present a model for improving the productivity of human capital in government organizations with the approach of the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution (exemplary employees of government departments in the oil industry). The research method is descriptive-exploratory which has been done with a combined approach (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population of the study consists of sample employees of the selected public sector in the oil industry during the years 1394 to 1399. Data collection tools were semi-structured and in-depth interviews. According to the obtained results, it can be seen that causal conditions have a direct and significant positive effect on the central phenomenon and indirectly on strategies and consequences. Underlying factors, intervening factors and pivotal conditions have also had a direct and significant positive effect on strategies and indirectly on consequences. Each of the cultural institutions and executive bodies must train their human resources to the extent of their capacities, facilities, concerns and efforts to take positive and effective steps towards the realization of the declaration of the second step of the Islamic Revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - A survey on organizational justice according to work groups (study case:state bank)
golnaz Mehdi Asri Hossein Safarzadeh Mohammad Reza rabiee mandejinThe current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the status of organizational justice. Due to the nature of the data, the current research is a survey type in terms of the implementation method. The statistical population includes all managers and expert MoreThe current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the status of organizational justice. Due to the nature of the data, the current research is a survey type in terms of the implementation method. The statistical population includes all managers and experts working in the state bank and the sample size was 120 according to Morgan's table, which were selected by stratified sampling. The data collection method was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used to check face validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check reliability. SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis. The results showed that the level of organizational justice is low at the average level, the highest level of justice perception is related to the procedural dimension and the lowest level is related to the informational justice dimension. Also, the results showed that the strongest relationship is between "interactive and informational justice" and the conceptual model of organizational justice has a model fit.the highest factor loading among all indicators is related to “the fairness of the compensation method” and in all dimensions managers had a better evaluation than experts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - Designing an Integrated Communication Model of Social Marketing in the Country's Tax Affairs Organization
Seyed akbar Manjegani Amir Ghafourian Shagerdi Golnar Shojaei BaghiniThe main goal of this research is to present the integrated social marketing communication model of the country's tax affairs organization. The current research is a qualitative research in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature and method, using content anal MoreThe main goal of this research is to present the integrated social marketing communication model of the country's tax affairs organization. The current research is a qualitative research in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature and method, using content analysis strategy, which aims to discover and identify variables, their relationships and the quality of social marketing integrated communication issues in the country's tax organization. The statistical population of the research is tax experts, trade unions, and social affairs, who were selected by non-probability and snowball sampling method, a total of 12 people until the theoretical adequacy of the data was reached. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews. In order to obtain the reliability and validity of the data, the method of reviewing and checking the opinion of the participants was used. Interview analysis and coding were also used to analyze the data. The results showed that the criteria of integrated social marketing communication in the country's tax affairs organization include social capital (reduction of tax evasion, social trust, reduction of unemployment rate), social responsibility (economic needs, compliance with laws, business ethics, humanitarian responsibilities), value functional (service quality, service delivery, standards, order in service), promotional marketing mix (public relations, direct marketing, personal selling, non-verbal advertising), people's resources (cooperation, motivation, tolerance) and organization's resources (performance quality, quality technical, communication quality). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - The Role of Emotional Regulation in Predicting Positive Psychological States and Psychological Toughness of Students
Shahriar shahroyi Abdolazim Shahroiee Mehran shahroiee Fatemeh shahroieeThe purpose of this research was to investigate the role of emotional regulation in predicting the amount of positive psychological states and psychological toughness of students.The descriptive research method was a correlation type and the statistical population of th MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the role of emotional regulation in predicting the amount of positive psychological states and psychological toughness of students.The descriptive research method was a correlation type and the statistical population of the research was made up of all undergraduate students of Ahvaz Azad University in the academic year of 2022-2023 Also, to collect information, Gross and Jan's (2003) emotion regulation questionnaires, Rajaei et al.'s positive psychological states questionnaire (2010) and Ahvaz psychological toughness scale were used.The research data has been analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 22 at the descriptive and inferential level. The results of the research indicated the role of emotion regulation in predicting the amount of positive psychological states and psychological toughness of students. And according to the findings of the research, the independent variable of emotion regulation has a positive and significant relationship with the dependent variables of psychological states and psychological toughness in students. . The sampling method in this research was based on random sampling according to the extent of the population. A sample size of 100 people was selected using Morgan's table. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - Multiple Dependent States Repetitive Sampling Control Chart for Monitoring Rayleigh Distributed Data
Srinivasa Rao Gadde Olatunde Adebayo Adeoti -
Open Access Article
438 - Availability analysis of mechanical systems with condition-based maintenance using semi-Markov and evaluation of optimal condition monitoring interval
Girish Kumar Vipul Jain O. P. Gandhi -
Open Access Article
439 - New Shewhart-type synthetic \bar{X} control schemes for non-normal data
Jean‑Claude Malela‑Majika Marien Alet Graham -
Open Access Article
440 - Multiple vacation policy for MX/Hk/1 queue with un-reliable server
Madhu Jain Richa Sharma Gokul Chandra Sharma -
Open Access Article
441 - An iterative method for forecasting most probable point of stochastic demand
J. Behnamian S. M. T. Fatemi Ghomi B. Karimi M. Fadaei Moludi -
Open Access Article
442 - Analysis of M/G/ 1 queueing model with state dependent arrival and vacation
Charan Jeet Singh Madhu Jain Binay Kumar -
Open Access Article
443 - Performance evaluation and availability analysis of ammonia synthesis unit in a fertilizer plant
S Kumar P.C Tewari Sunand Kumar -
Open Access Article
444 - A dynamic programming approach for solving nonlinear knapsack problems
E Jahangiri F Ghassemi-Tari -
Open Access Article
445 - Steady state behavior and maintenance planning of bleaching system in a paper plant
R Khanduja P.C Tewari D Kumar -
Open Access Article
446 - Examining the Relationship between Knowledge Leadership and Organizational Improvement from the Viewpoint of Central Library Librarians of State universities of Tehran
hasti sohrabi Ali Asghar Razavi leyli taherkhaniObjective: This study investigated the relationship between knowledge leadership and organizational improvement from the viewpoint of librarians of central libraries of state universities of Tehran. Methods: The present study is a descriptive-correlational one. The stat MoreObjective: This study investigated the relationship between knowledge leadership and organizational improvement from the viewpoint of librarians of central libraries of state universities of Tehran. Methods: The present study is a descriptive-correlational one. The statistical population consisted of all librarians of central libraries of state universities of Tehran, which totally have 140 people. For data collection, Vitala’s Knowledge Leadership Scale (2004) and Orton Inventory Improvement (2007) were used. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, statistical tests and SPSS software version 19 were used. Results: The results revealed that knowledge leadership status with the 3.6005% and organizational improvement with 3.5500% among the librarians of the central libraries of state universities of Tehran was higher than the mean. Moreover, there was a positive and significant relationship between knowledge leadership and organizational improvement. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between knowledge leadership and organizational improvement of librarians. Multiple regression analysis also showed that knowledge leadership has the potential to predict organizational improvement. Among the components of knowledge leadership, the component of learning tendency has the greatest impact in predicting organizational improvement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - Investigating the competencies of librarians In Academic libraries (Case study: Tehran State Universities)
fatemeh zandian fatemeh Naseri atefeh sharif HamidReza MahmoodiObjective: In the library, which is a service organization, librarians have a special place. The present study was conducted to investigate the qualifications of university library librarians. Method: The present study is a descriptive-survey research. Data were collect MoreObjective: In the library, which is a service organization, librarians have a special place. The present study was conducted to investigate the qualifications of university library librarians. Method: The present study is a descriptive-survey research. Data were collected by a questionnaire. Librarians of academic libraries of state universities in Tehran formed the statistical population of this study. For sampling, sequential integrated sampling method was used and 60 questionnaires were distributed among the librarians. Descriptive statistics (mean and frequency) were used to answer the questions. SPSS software was used for descriptive analysis of data. Results: Results showed that managerial competencies with an average (3.4) are moderate, information retrieval competencies with an average of (4.16) in good level. Information technology competencies with an average (3.02) in average condition, research competencies with average (1.17) in very bad level, communication competencies with average (3.87) in average level, and individual and moral competencies with average (3.48) in mediocre are placed. Conclusion: In general, it can be argued that librarians' qualifications are in the average position with an average of 3.18. There is a need for officials and trustees to upgrade and improve the qualifications of librarians by holding various courses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
448 - Investigate of miR-21 expression level in urine samples of people with prostate cancer
Alireza Emamvirdizadeh mehrdad hashemi franak jamshidianIntroduction: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men A group of diagnostic biomarkers is MicroRNA, they can be used to diagnose variable diseases, especially cancers. this study, we investigate changes in the expression level of miR-21 in urine, in people with MoreIntroduction: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men A group of diagnostic biomarkers is MicroRNA, they can be used to diagnose variable diseases, especially cancers. this study, we investigate changes in the expression level of miR-21 in urine, in people with prostate cancer and healthy group. Materials and methods: This research was done on 70 urine samples of prostate cancer patients (32 Metastatic and 38 Non-metastatic) and 30 control samples with negative biopsy report. First RNA was extracted with Trizol, after the cDNA synthesis, changes in the expression of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine of people with prostate cancer and healthy group were investigated by using Real-time PCR. Statistical analysis of data was calculated with REST 2009. Results: The results revealed the presence of miR-21 in urine samples in patients with prostate cancer, and it was found that miR-21 showed a significant increase in expression (P=0.003) than healthy group. miR-21 in metastatic group (P=0.042) demonstrate over expression than non-metastatic group (P=0.036). Conclusions: The results show that, miR-21 has significant change in expression level in patients with prostate cancer in compare of healthy group, and can be a non-invasive method to detect prostatic patients and also use this biomarker to determine metastatic and non-metastatic group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
449 - Investigation of miR-25 expression level in urine samples of people with prostate cancer
Alireza Emamvirdizadeh ملیحه انتظاری Saghi Nooraei Faranak Jamshidian Hamidreza GholamrezaeiIntroduction: After breast cancer, prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Screening is recommended by examining prostate-specific antigen levels and performing accurate rectal tests, but there are still problems with the specificity and sensitivity of these t MoreIntroduction: After breast cancer, prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Screening is recommended by examining prostate-specific antigen levels and performing accurate rectal tests, but there are still problems with the specificity and sensitivity of these tests. A group of diagnostic biomarkers are microRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs that play a broad regulatory role in molecular signaling pathways in the cell. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the expression level of miR-25 in the urine of patients with prostate cancer (metastatic and non-metastatic groups) and healthy individuals.Materials and methods: 70 urine samples from prostate cancer patients (32 metastatic and 38 non-metastatic) and 30 from healthy subjects with negative biopsy reports were collected. RNA was extracted with Trizol, after the cDNA synthesis, the expression level of miR-25 in the urine was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Statistical analysis of data was calculated with REST 2009.Results: The results showed that miR-25 significantly reduced expression in patients with prostate cancer compared with healthy individuals (P = 0.001). Also, miR-25 in the metastatic group (p = 0.002) had a lower expression than the non-metastatic group (p = 0.045) compared to healthy individuals.Conclusions: The results of this study showed that miR-25 had a significant decrease in expression in patients with prostate cancer compared to healthy individuals, which with further studies is hoped to be able to diagnose patients with prostate cancer and even distinguish metastatic and non-metastatic groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - Inhibitory effects of Behind the scenes medicine extract (Physalis alkekengi) on prostate cancer caused by DMBA injection in mice
Maryam Teimouri fariba khosravinejadIntroduction: Although many clinical and pre-clinical studies have widely demonstrated the therapeutic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of the puppet pup on several diseases, there is little information on the therapeutic properties of this plant's hydroalcoholic extra MoreIntroduction: Although many clinical and pre-clinical studies have widely demonstrated the therapeutic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of the puppet pup on several diseases, there is little information on the therapeutic properties of this plant's hydroalcoholic extract on prostate cancer. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Physalis alkekengi extract on prostate cancer induced by injection of 12.7-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) (a carcinogenic drug) on mouse modelMaterials and Methods: After induction of anesthesia, DMBA was injected directly into the prostate gland of male rats and after 14 days, rats received different amounts of puppet extract every 48 hours and by the end of day 21, intraperitoneal injection of puppet extract. In the control group, intraperitoneal injection of normal saline was performed.Results: The results showed that the puppet extract significantly reduced prostate weight, especially at two concentrations (100 mg, 500, and 1000). Histopathological changes were also observed in the prostate tumors of p.alkekengi extract treated groups compared to the control group.Conclusion: It is suspected that the hydroalcoholic extract of the p.alkekengi inhibits abnormal growth, precancerous lesions, and DMBA-induced carcinoma in the BALB / c mouse prostate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
451 - اقتصاد جنگی چند سطحی در افغانستان و پیامدهای آن برای صلح
Seyed Mohammad Kazem Sajjadpour Farzad Salimifar Ali Karimi Magham -
Open Access Article
452 - The Role of the Europeans in the Midst of the US-Iran Crisis in January 2020: the Dilemma of being a Normative Power in an Amoral World
سزار کاستیا سمانه کچوئیAbstract: EU's foreign policy instruments have been mainly designed with a normative approach to contribute to stability and peace in a changing political landscape. However, EU foreign policy faces different challenges that constantly test its ability related to confli MoreAbstract: EU's foreign policy instruments have been mainly designed with a normative approach to contribute to stability and peace in a changing political landscape. However, EU foreign policy faces different challenges that constantly test its ability related to conflict resolution, international understanding, and the defence of its Interests, such as the crisis between the US and Iran in January 2020. This research will answer the following question: What were the failures of the EU's foreign policy in the middle of the crisis between the US and Iran in January 2020? This paper aims to determine the shortcoming of the EU foreign policy affecting its role as a Global Power during the US-Iran crisis in January 2020. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
453 - Third Millennium US Military Strategies in the Persian Gulf Region and National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Ali Asghar Ghafari Charati Hassan Khodaverdi گارینه کشیشیان سیرکی -
Open Access Article
454 - Knowing Afghanistan: Can there be an end to the saga?
Pirouz Mojtahed-Zadeh -
Open Access Article
455 - Analyzing the Economic Development Policy of the Rentier State in the Province of Khuzestan: Case Study of the Ninth and Tenth States
Seyyed Abdolrahim Ahmadi Ahmad Saie Masoud Motalebi -
Open Access Article
456 - Geopolitical Changes and Crises in The Caucasus
Parvin Dadandish Mohmood VaeziThe Caucasus has seen numerous crises since the region gained independence following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Some of these crises have not been resolved yet as evidenced by recent Russia-Georgia conflict. This paper seeks to analyze such crises within the fram MoreThe Caucasus has seen numerous crises since the region gained independence following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Some of these crises have not been resolved yet as evidenced by recent Russia-Georgia conflict. This paper seeks to analyze such crises within the framework of significant geopolitical changes unfolded by the collapse of the Soviet Union. The author argues that in the post-Soviet era, the Russians lost much of their control over the region due to their own domestic problems, but it seems that Moscow is not interested in withdrawing further from the region. The author concludes that under current conditions, it seems that as long as all regional and trans-regional powers fail to consider the interests of other powers or try to pose threats to them, the crises will continue to unfold in the Caucasus, while there is no agreed dispute settlement mechanism in the region as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
457 - Recent Developments in Geopolitics of Energy and their Effects on the Political and Economic Future of the Middle East Countries
Ali Bagheri Dolatabadi Mohammad Reza Dehshiri Hassan Abediny Kashkoiyeh -
Open Access Article
458 - Investigating the Effects of the Israeli Nation-state-building Process on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran; and Reactions to these Effects
Mohammad Reza Tayarani Sharbaf Jalal Derakhsheh Seyed Abdolamir Nabavi Fakhreddin Soltani -
Open Access Article
459 - The Verbal Strategy of the United States in the Process of Securing Iran's Nuclear Program (2001-2021)
Morteza Alikhani Arsalan Ghorbani Sheikhneshin Mohammadreza Ghaedi -
Open Access Article
460 - Reflections on different aspects of Reza Shah’s absolute/modern state; a Durkheimian structural perspective
Ghaffar Zarei Taghi Jafari -
Open Access Article
461 - A Theoretical model for the analysis of Nation-State building in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Arezoo Rahimi Afshin Zargar Armin AminiThis article criticizes the process of nation-state building in Iran based on the facts in the country's political structure and specifies the factors affecting the non-formation of nation-state building in Iran on what mechanisms are based and why this category is in t MoreThis article criticizes the process of nation-state building in Iran based on the facts in the country's political structure and specifies the factors affecting the non-formation of nation-state building in Iran on what mechanisms are based and why this category is in the Islamic Republic. Iran has not succeeded. The most important assumption should be made on the structure and the transnational nature of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its intellectual foundations, because this structure, behind its political ideology, which came from the Islamic Revolution of Iran and religious teachings, rather than the concepts of national unification emanating from history, The culture, language and mythological system existing in a common geographical border relies on values and principles that are transnational and global and can influence from a small group to the whole world. In this article, the descriptive-analytical method of the library type is used to study the texts, books and articles using the fishing technique. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
462 - A New Approach to Public Policy Studies Relying on the Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis Studies the State as a Discourse
Mostafa Entezari Heravi Mojtaba Maghsoodi -
Open Access Article
463 - Human Rights in US Foreign Policy
Jila Ahmadi Afshin Zargar -
Open Access Article
464 - A Comparative Glance at Thomas Hobbes and John Locke's Ideas on the Concept of Freedom
Khashayar Bourbouri Hosseinali Nowzari Reza Shirzadi -
Open Access Article
465 - Impact of Oil Revenues on Creation of a Rentier State and Democracy in Post-revolution Iran (2005-2013)
Mohsen Askari Jahaghi -
Open Access Article
466 - Evaluation of Possibility Assessment of Russia - China Cooperation on Atlanticism (2011-2021)
Miad Sadeghi گارینه کشیشیان سیرکی Mohammadreza GhaediThe expansion of NATO to the East under the policies of Atlanticism is one of the current issues of international relations, which has a lot to think about for the countries involved in this policy, their neighbors and the international order. After the expansion of NAT MoreThe expansion of NATO to the East under the policies of Atlanticism is one of the current issues of international relations, which has a lot to think about for the countries involved in this policy, their neighbors and the international order. After the expansion of NATO to the east, what will happen in the spheres of influence of NATO and the neighboring countries of those spheres and the conditions created, causes predictions in this field; One of them is the evaluation of the feasibility of cooperation between China and Russia with their own special conditions against this action, that is, Atlanticism. After experiencing many ups and downs in China-Russia relations, these two countries have gradually expanded their comprehensive cooperation since the mid-1990s. In the meantime, the expansion of NATO to the east is one of the important political, military and security issues that has led to the expression of common concern. And at the same time, the cooperation and positions of the two countries have come closer, especially towards the policies and actions of America and even Europe. Russia's concern about the presence of NATO in its borders and China's concern about the close military cooperation of the West with Taiwan have caused the two countries to work harder for mutual cooperation and their development fields. The concept of new Atlanticism provides a framework for analyzing security and normative challenges facing Europe and the world. This work and many similar works emphasize the fact that the behavior of America and its allies in the international system has become the basis for the creation of various coalitions and alliances. From the perspective of this research and emphasizing the threat balance theory, when the hegemon country and its allies create threats, or show threatening behaviors; They will create coalitions and alliances. In this article, an attempt was made to discuss the feasibility of expanding cooperation between China and Russia against Atlanticism by using the theoretical framework of threat balance. And the topic of these cooperation was examined according to the concepts, general capabilities such as (population, economic power, military power, etc.), geographical proximity, offensive capabilities and offensive intentions from the perspective of the threat balance theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
467 - Investigating the Impact of President Joe Biden’s Government on the Relations between Saudi Arabia and Qatar, Emphasizing the Role of Iran
Khalill Janami Hamed Mohagheghnia Hossein Karimifard Hamed Ameri GolestaniThe crisis in Qatar's political relations with Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries took place on June 5, 2017, which followed the talks of the Emir of Qatar regarding the importance of Iran and interaction with it, and the severance of diplomatic relations between Qat MoreThe crisis in Qatar's political relations with Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries took place on June 5, 2017, which followed the talks of the Emir of Qatar regarding the importance of Iran and interaction with it, and the severance of diplomatic relations between Qatar and the four Arab countries led by Saudi Arabia. In the wake of this crisis, the Trump administration took a middle position and encouraging Qatar to accept Saudi’s conditions, especially regarding relations and interactions with Iran. It also undertook a wide diplomatic effort to reduce the crisis, but the differences in the positions of American officials such as Trump, Tillerson, Pompeo and other officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs brings to mind a kind of passivity and lack of determination in order to secure the strategic interests of the United States in the region. With the defeat of Trump in the 2020 presidential elections and the ascension of the Democrats to power and the change of priorities in the Persian Gulf region, especially in relation to Iran, it seems that the performance of the Biden administration regarding the crisis in the relations between Saudi Arabia and Qatar is different from that of the Trump administration. The signs of this change can be seen in the change of crisis level and reduction of tensions. This article aims to examine the diplomatic crisis between Saudi Arabia and Qatar from the perspective of the role of Iran and the view of the new administration of the United States of America and Joe Biden himself on this issue and to answer the basic question of how the variable of Iran can affect the role of the United States of America, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar have an impact on the diplomatic crisis that began between Qatar and Saudi Arabia in 2017, and what direction will the future crisis between the two countries go in the Biden administration, and what will be the impact of other influential factors in the Persian Gulf region? In this article, using the analytical-explanatory method and using library sources, it shows that the change in the approach of the Biden administration towards Iran will cause the position of Saudi Arabia to become softer towards Qatar, and accordingly, the tension between Saudi Arabia and Qatar, one of the main parts of which was Qatar's relations with Iran, to move towards the mitigation of the crisis and the resumption of relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
468 - The Role of Government in Economic Development A case study of Iran during (2005-2012)
Hamid Saeedi Javadi Mostafa Esmaeilpour Zarmehri -
Open Access Article
469 - The Strategies for Realizing the Strategy of Unilateralism in the US Foreign Policy in the Trump Era
Mohammadreza Asl Javadian Seyed Ali Tabatabaei PanahWith the formation of the new world order after the Cold War under the leadership of America, the foreign policy of this country has fluctuated between the two traditions of unilateralism and multilateralism. From this point of view, interacting with different countries MoreWith the formation of the new world order after the Cold War under the leadership of America, the foreign policy of this country has fluctuated between the two traditions of unilateralism and multilateralism. From this point of view, interacting with different countries, joining regional alliances and coalitions, interacting with international institutions and organizations as the axes of multilateralism and avoiding alliances and coalitions, pessimism towards organizations and international institutions and ignoring issues such as America's role in promoting human rights and democracy are considered as axes of unilateralism. However, the changes that have taken place in the foreign policy of the Trump era have indicated a tendency towards unilateralism and paying more attention to the national and domestic interests of the United States. Based on this, this article raises the question that which solutions influenced unilateralism as one of the strategies of the Trump administration. In other words, what are the solutions to realize the unilateralist strategy of the United States of America in the Trump era? The hypothesis of the article is: Isolationism instead of interactionism, pessimism and non-cooperation with regional and global institutions and organizations, and the pursuit of America first policy and the priority of America's national and economic interests over the costs of this country, are the solutions to realize the unilateralism strategy in the Trump era. The findings of the article show that based on the approach of realism, Trump, by withdrawing from regional and global agreements, put the government's sovereignty at the top of the globalized order, defend the American identity, emphasize national interests, cost Considering America's support for democracy and human rights and reducing America's military role in the world and military and commercial alliances, it has supported the approach of unilateralism through increasing the internal power of the United States of America. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
470 - Opportunities and Challenges Facing the Track Two Diplomacy in Iran-US Relations (With an Emphasis on Sports Diplomacy)
Soudabeh Mokhtari گارینه کشیشیان سیرکی Arsalan Ghorbani Sheikhneshin -
Open Access Article
471 - The role of nuclear technology in increasing the national power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the second step of the revolution
Mohammad Pourghorban Gholamreza karimi Arsalan Ghorbani sheykh neshinPeaceful nuclear energy, as one of the mother industries, is widely used in other industries today and provides the grounds for growth, development and advancement in the domestic and international dimensions.. Considering the issue of achieving peaceful nuclear energy MorePeaceful nuclear energy, as one of the mother industries, is widely used in other industries today and provides the grounds for growth, development and advancement in the domestic and international dimensions.. Considering the issue of achieving peaceful nuclear energy in the form of a statement of the second step of the revolution presented by the Supreme Leader can be of great importance. How important nuclear technology has been viewed in the past and how important it is today and where it should move in the future and where it should reach is of great importance in the current era and the prevailing political climate. Using the statement of the second step of the revolution as the dominant theory of this research, the author seeks to look at peaceful nuclear technology from a strategic and strategic point of view and conceptualize it in the form of the second step of the revolution according to its tangible benefits. The main question of the research is how the implementation of the statement of the second step of the revolution will lead to the rise of the nuclear industry? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
472 - Statement by the second step of the revolution, the charter of Mahdism and the field of realizing the new Islamic civilization
morteza molaeiThe statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution as a roadmap and the prism of the revolution in the second is its life, and includes many overseas to address each of them and must initiate a new season in the history of the Islamic Revolution. To explain the MoreThe statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution as a roadmap and the prism of the revolution in the second is its life, and includes many overseas to address each of them and must initiate a new season in the history of the Islamic Revolution. To explain the more favorable statements of this strategic statement, what is the question of what is the prism of Mahdism based on a strategic statement of the second step of revolution? Answered. From the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei, as an Islamic thinker, the ultimate goal of the Islamic Revolution is to achieve modern civilization in the logical and continuous chain, and to realize it, the five stages of the Islamic Revolution, the Islamic State, the Islamic State, Islamic Community and Civilization Islam is left behind to prepare for the emergence of Imam of Age (Aj). In this research, the research method of the Foundation data has been used. Discovering what and how the new Islamic civilization is in accordance with the second step statement of the revolution in the direction of the emergence of Hojjat (AS) can be found. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
473 - Analysis of the political themes of the statement of the second step of the revolution
Leila Kalij Seyed Vahid Aqili Hasan KhojastehbagherzadehThe statement of the second step of the revolution is concerned with various and important topics in different dimensions. One of the main ways to realize this statement and to activate political, cultural and economic institutions in this direction is to include the ma MoreThe statement of the second step of the revolution is concerned with various and important topics in different dimensions. One of the main ways to realize this statement and to activate political, cultural and economic institutions in this direction is to include the main elements and the hidden and obvious requirements of the statement in the policy making, followed by the planning and action of different departments within the government. By identifying and classifying the political themes in the statement of the second step of the revolution by the method of theme analysis, this research has identified and presented the components affecting the country's political sphere in order to move in this direction. Based on this, first 40 key statements related to the political field were classified from the text of the statement, then by examining these statements, 29 basic themes were obtained, after summarizing and categorizing the basic themes into 9 organizing themes and finally 4 comprehensive themes were obtained became. The relationship between overarching themes and other themes was drawn in the form of a theme network. In the final part, 4 overarching themes of "40-year history of the revolution", "anti-arrogance", "independence and freedom" and "honor" were discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - Designing the model of the roles of Basij managers of departments based on the Supreme Leader's list in order to realize the Islamic state (with emphasis on Yazd province)
mohammadreza niknam amin nikpour Yaser Salari ameneh firoozabadiWhile outlining the stages of the formation of the revolution, which includes the Islamic revolution, the Islamic system, Islamic State, the Islamic country, and the Islamic civilization, the Supreme Leader emphasizes the important role of the officials in the realizati MoreWhile outlining the stages of the formation of the revolution, which includes the Islamic revolution, the Islamic system, Islamic State, the Islamic country, and the Islamic civilization, the Supreme Leader emphasizes the important role of the officials in the realization of the Islamic state, therefore, one of the strata that has the most connection with the government body. And it can have an effective role in this regard, it is the mobilization of departments; This research aims to Designing the model of the roles of Basij managers of departments based on the Supreme Leader's list in order to realize the Islamic state based using a qualitative method in the form of content analysis. which at each stage is based on documents and interviews conducted with 20 experts and managers The mobilization of departments was examined and the model of the roles of the managers of the mobilization of departments in the realization of the Islamic state based on the Supreme Leader's 7 components (belief, service orientation, justice, economy, legalism, rationalism and internalization of rulers) it was calculated that the mobilization of departments can play an effective this model in realizing the Islamic state by planning and using. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - The role of the education patterns of jihadi management on development of cultural religious at public adminestrations
mehdi jafaryanThis research has been conducted on the role of the education patterns of jihadi management on development of cultural religious at public adminestrations in the eastern of golestan state. The research method used in this research is descriptive in terms of the applied MoreThis research has been conducted on the role of the education patterns of jihadi management on development of cultural religious at public adminestrations in the eastern of golestan state. The research method used in this research is descriptive in terms of the applied purpose, in terms of the type of data, and in terms of the method of collection. The statistical population in this research is the public adminestrations in the eastern of golestan state. The population of these adminestrations is 3500 people. From the statistical population according to sampling, 384 people were selected as the research sample. In the next step, based on the conceptual model of the research, using the researcher's questionnaire, the extracted items were included in the statistical research sample of the questionnaire. In descriptive statistics, the descriptions are presented in two different sections, one and the main variety, and in the inferential statistics section, non-parametric Pearson correlation, T test and regression were used to check the hypotheses. Considering the statistics data coefficient, it can be said that education patterns of jihadi management has a positive effect on development of cultural religious at public adminestrations in the eastern of golestan state. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - Improving the business environment and economic development, the position and duties of executive organizations; Case study: Country Property and Deeds Registration Organization
jamil milaniToday, it is impossible to improve the economic situation and achieve economic development without considering the business environment and improving its conditions. Therefore, the first and basic step is to pay attention to this important indicator in development. The MoreToday, it is impossible to improve the economic situation and achieve economic development without considering the business environment and improving its conditions. Therefore, the first and basic step is to pay attention to this important indicator in development. The business climate index is the most important economic index in the growth and formation of the private sector and increasing the economic growth of society. Among these, the role and position of government agencies and institutions, including the executive, legislative and regulatory spheres, is undeniable The Real Estate Registry is known as one of the most effective organizations in the field of business. This organization is in charge of registering and, of course, stabilizing property, and by identifying businesses, registering companies, and intellectual property, and the like, it has an undeniable role in the field of business environment. Is. The present article tries to look at the relationship between improving the business environment and economic development and while listing the most important tasks of the organization in the field of business environment, to point out the most important harms and challenges in this area and using resources The library and the Internet will eventually offer suggestions for improving the business environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
477 - Oil revenues and economic growth in Iran: evidence from the space-state model
Seyed Ahmad Hashemi Miri hamid kakaei Gholamreza Abbasi Hooshang Momeni VesalهanOne of the most important concerns of policymakers is achieving high economic growth. Accordingly, in the present study, the effect of oil revenues, human capital, liquidity and investment on economic growth in the period of 1991-2021has been investigated in the form of MoreOne of the most important concerns of policymakers is achieving high economic growth. Accordingly, in the present study, the effect of oil revenues, human capital, liquidity and investment on economic growth in the period of 1991-2021has been investigated in the form of space-state model. The results of the research showed that the impact of oil revenues, investment and human capital on economic growth was positive and decreased over time. Also, liquidity has a uniform negative effect on economic growth. Therefore, improving the performance of the National Development Fund can provide the basis for a greater positive impact of oil revenues on economic growth. Also, if macroeconomic stability is not established, the increase in liquidity will lead to the transfer of money to non-productive activities and subsequently to the reduction of economic growth. On the other hand, in the conditions of macroeconomic instability, it will not be possible to increase the formation of fixed capital, and in this way, the improvement of economic growth will be limited. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
478 - Replacement of International Accounting Standards with Iranian Accounting Standards: The Auditor’s Opinion to Stop Providing False Financial Statements
Roya Darabi Seyyed Mohammad Ali MirmasoumAccounting standards are rules governing how to do the accounting work. Accounting standards specify what information should be provided in financial reporting. The main objective of this study was to investigate the replacement of the Iranian accounting standards and i MoreAccounting standards are rules governing how to do the accounting work. Accounting standards specify what information should be provided in financial reporting. The main objective of this study was to investigate the replacement of the Iranian accounting standards and international accounting standards instead of surveys of auditors to avoid providing false financial statements. The population of this research include institutions that are members of the Accountants Community formed in 1394 to gather necessary information. To collect the theoretical foundation and statistical information of the research, library studies and questionnaires were used, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients was used for validity and reliability. Furthermore, benefits have been taken from Friedman test and software SPSS21 to analyze the data. It was concluded that in terms of the auditors’ judgments, compared to international accounting standard, Iranian accounting standards have more degree of reliability, intelligibility, appropriate functionality and will prevent rendering of false financial statements Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - The Value Relevance of Information in Annual and Interim Financial Statements in Tehran Stock Market
M. MoradzadehFard M. Alemi S. BehzadpoorThe main goal of investors is achieving wealth and it realizes through stock return. Therefore evaluating stock return is a main matter in stock market. So providing required information to interpret firm's condition and profitability is a primary purpose of financia MoreThe main goal of investors is achieving wealth and it realizes through stock return. Therefore evaluating stock return is a main matter in stock market. So providing required information to interpret firm's condition and profitability is a primary purpose of financial reporting. Accordingly financial statements and supply notes are important information resource for investors. The objective of this study is examining the value relevance of information in annual and interim financial statements to explain stock return .This research investigates the relationship between financial reports information and abnormal return by using financial ratios, firm's size and cash flow from operation. So the existence of relationship between them could be criteria for investors to anticipate interim and annual abnormal return and facilitate investing decisions. Overall, the findings show that for explaining stock return interim financial statements are more informative than annual financial statements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
480 - بررسی بازآفرینی و تاریخ گرایی نو از نظر ایدئولوژی آلتوسر در ترجمه های گلستان سعدی
Elham Ehterami امیر مرزبانهدف از این تحقیق مطالعه چهار ترجمه از کتاب گلستان سعدی در طی قرون 19 , 20 و 21 در انگلستان میباشد تا بتوان تاثیر ایدئولوژی غالب در انگلستان را بر ترجمه این اثر مهم بررسی کرد. این چهار ترجمه عبارتند از گلادوین (1806), برتون (1888), پلاتس (1904) و تکستون (2008) که بر اسا Moreهدف از این تحقیق مطالعه چهار ترجمه از کتاب گلستان سعدی در طی قرون 19 , 20 و 21 در انگلستان میباشد تا بتوان تاثیر ایدئولوژی غالب در انگلستان را بر ترجمه این اثر مهم بررسی کرد. این چهار ترجمه عبارتند از گلادوین (1806), برتون (1888), پلاتس (1904) و تکستون (2008) که بر اساس بازآفرینی و تاریخ گرایی نوین از نظر ایدئولوژی آلتوسر انجام شده است. این یک تحقیق کمی و کیفی می باشد که طی آن 30 حکایت از گلستان سعدی به روش هدفمند انتخاب و مورد تحقیق قرار گرفت. تمام موارد مورد نیاز از این چهار ترجمه استخراج و با کتاب اصلی مقایسه و سپس بر اساس فرمول کا اسکوئر مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از این است که به طور کلی هیچ تفاوت معناداری بین ترجمه های مورد نظر وجود ندارد, اگر چه بیان این مطلب ضروری است که تفاوت های زیادی بین یکا یک موارد استخراج شده وجود دارد که خود می تواند دلیل محکمی بر وجود یک ایدئولوژی پنهان در ترجمه ها باشد. به این صورت که, تکستون در ترجمه خود از بیشترین موارد بازآفرینی استفاده کرده است و گلادوین از بیشترین ایدئولوژی آلتوسر. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - Evaluation of the Iranian State University EFL Entrance Examination Test (UEEET)
Gholam-Reza Abbasian Hadieh Nasirian -
Open Access Article
482 - Reviewing Ibn Khaldun’s theory of state formation as a theory of Muslim reform in Seyed Farid Alatas’s reading: A case study Morocco
Fatemah Amin re'ya jezah Ali Murad Khani Sayyed Husayn Sadjadi Sayyed Javad Miri MinaqThe substantive interest of Ibn Khaldun, both in Al-Muqaddimah and Al-Ibar was describing the formation and decline of the state in the east and west of the Islamic world, which he tried to explain based on the cycle struggle between the two types of pastoral nomadic an MoreThe substantive interest of Ibn Khaldun, both in Al-Muqaddimah and Al-Ibar was describing the formation and decline of the state in the east and west of the Islamic world, which he tried to explain based on the cycle struggle between the two types of pastoral nomadic and sedentary societies. In order to develop Ibn Khaldun's theory, Seyed Farid Alatas has introduced it as a theory of Muslim reform. In his view, Morocco is a historical case that has experienced religious reform. . Theory of Ibn Khaldun lacks an economic system. For this reason, Farid Alatas has tried to take the modes of production from Karl Marx and integrate them into Ibn Khaldun's theory. The purpose of this study is to explain Ibn Khaldun's theory of state formation as a theory of Muslim reform in the Farid Alatas’s reading. To this reason, it has studied three consecutive Moroccan dynasties – Almoravids, Almohads, Marinids _. According to the study’s results obtained in a descriptive _ analytical manner, Farid Alatas, instead of simply repeating the information obtained from the introduction, offers a theoretical application of Ibn Khaldun's theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
483 - Maternal mental states input and children social behavior:the mediator role of theory of mind
Maryam Bordbar Razieh Sheikholeslami, PhDThe purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of theory of mind in the relationship between mother’s mental states input in daily conversations and children social behavior. The sample consisted of 208 preschool children, their mothers and their te MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of theory of mind in the relationship between mother’s mental states input in daily conversations and children social behavior. The sample consisted of 208 preschool children, their mothers and their teachers from the city of Shiraz. The research instruments were the Theory of Mind Tasks Battery (Wellman & Liu, 2004), the Maternal Mental States Input Inventory (Peterson & Slaughter, 2003), and the Children Social Behavior Subscale (Teacher form; Corrigan, 2003). The results of path analysis indicated that by mediating of theory of mind, the elaborated mental states input is a positive predictor of children’s social behavior, while non-elaborated non-mental states input predicted the children social behavior negatively. The findings suggested that the type of mother’s speech in daily conversations, by mediating of theory of mind, played effective role in children’s social behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - Development of human and non-human agent concepts based on the theory of mind:a study of false belief attribution to human .god,angel and magician
Roshanak Nickpour Bahram JoukarThis study aimed to investigate the development of human and non-human agent concepts based on the theory of mind in children. The sample consisted of 150 children (79 females, 71 males) between the ages of 3 and 7 who were selected from Shiraz child-care centres and ki MoreThis study aimed to investigate the development of human and non-human agent concepts based on the theory of mind in children. The sample consisted of 150 children (79 females, 71 males) between the ages of 3 and 7 who were selected from Shiraz child-care centres and kindergartens. Two Tasks of False Beliefs (Doll House Task; Surprising Content Task) were administered individually to each child. The prediction of agents' behaviors was examined based on false beliefs. Results indicated that children predicted the behavior of magician (a non-human agent) similar to human agent. However, the results of other non-human agentsangel and God) were not consistent with those of Magician. In other words, according to children's views, these agents behave with the least false beliefs. In general, the results indicated that as the age increased, children predicted agent and non-agent behaviors in different ways. It is suggested that culture and family messages have considerable roles in predicting and distinguishing agents' behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
485 - Investigating the Effect of Parameters on the Dynamic Behavior of Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor Using State Space Analysis
Ghazanfar Shahgholian Majid Dehghani Majid Moazzami -
Open Access Article
486 - Small Signal Study Generating Units Dynamic Behavior with Reheat Steam Turbine and Transient Droop Hydraulic Turbine
Mahdi Sharifi Homa Movahednejad Mohammad Reza Yousefi Ghazanfar Shahgholian -
Open Access Article
487 - Explaining state crime in the context of postmodern criminology; From criminal normalization to government norm-breaking
sirous imani mehrdad rayrjiyan asli qasem mohamadiThe concealment and justification of harmful actions and decisions of governments and statesmen in the shadow of their power on the one hand and the neglect of the modern criminal justice system and criminology to properly explain and recognize it as a crime on the othe MoreThe concealment and justification of harmful actions and decisions of governments and statesmen in the shadow of their power on the one hand and the neglect of the modern criminal justice system and criminology to properly explain and recognize it as a crime on the other hand, is an issue that can not be Ignored in the field of criminology and criminal law. Based on the studies and findings of the article, it is impossible to explain and analyze government crime through current and modern criminological theories and approaches, but to show and explain the relationship between crime equation and normative power and then how to hide governments and denial. It is not possible for them to become super-criminals except through a critical attitude and beyond the dominance of current criminology and the foundation government. Therefore, the present article, based on critical theory and postmodern approach - as one of the contemporary critical approaches - to explain and analyze state crime in the field of criminology and criminal law and identify it as a crime and severe harm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
488 - Immunity of state property in international law Looking at the seizure of Iranian oil exports by the United States
Abdul Samad Bahrani Sohrab Salahi Mohsen DiyanatField and Aims: Iran has been under unilateral US sanctions for years, and the scope of these measures is increasing every day. From the seizure of Iranian property and assets to the threat of seizure of Iranian oil tankers shows the growing tensions. In this regard, th MoreField and Aims: Iran has been under unilateral US sanctions for years, and the scope of these measures is increasing every day. From the seizure of Iranian property and assets to the threat of seizure of Iranian oil tankers shows the growing tensions. In this regard, the main purpose of this study is to examine US actions in imposing sanctions and seizing Iranian oil tankers from the perspective of international law. Method: This is a qualitative and applied research in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and studying international documents, sources related to the subject and the obtained information has been analyzed descriptively-analytically. Findings and conclusion: The rule of judicial immunity The government has accepted exceptions following changes in the international legal system, including the exemption of tenure and the adoption of the doctrine of limited immunity. Regarding the imposition of unilateral sanctions, there is no explicit text in the Charter of the United Nations that states agree to exert pressure through sanctions in various fields, and therefore, these actions of the United States have no legitimacy. Regarding the US action in seizing Iran's export oil, it should be said that this measure lacks legitimacy in terms of the principle of equality of states, in terms of international rules of the law of the sea and in terms of the principle of protection of state property from seizure by domestic courts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
489 - Jurisprudential and legal study of the right of termination in partial invalidity of the contract with a comparative study of common law
Ali Eslami panah Asiyeh AlaeeBackground and Aim: Annulment has its own characteristics, coordinates and principles that are fundamentally different from other cases of termination of the contract, such as termination, etc. This annulment may occur only in a part of the contract and lead to its part MoreBackground and Aim: Annulment has its own characteristics, coordinates and principles that are fundamentally different from other cases of termination of the contract, such as termination, etc. This annulment may occur only in a part of the contract and lead to its partial annulment. . In order to protect the rights of victims from minor invalidity, different solutions have been proposed in different legal systems. The right to terminate the right part of the contract is one of the solutions that is accepted in the jurisprudential and legal system of Iran and is referred to as the "option of discrimination". Is to examine the acceptance of such a right for the victim of a minor invalidity of the contract and its conformity or non-conformity with justice and fairness and legal principles.Method: In this research, analytical and descriptive methods have been used.Findings and Results: The right of termination is not only not contrary to the "principle of necessity of contracts" but also in accordance with the important jurisprudential rule of "no harm" and also in accordance with justice and fairness. Of course, the absoluteness of this right can be contrary to the above rules, and it is necessary to imagine restrictions such as "desirable unity" and "desirable plurality" for it. The option of segregation discrimination is not provided for in Iranian law, but it can be reconciled with some cases of termination right provided for in British law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
490 - Corrupt on Foreign Investment and the Host State’s Responsibility in the ICSID Arbitral Tribunal Procedure
Javad SalehiField and Aims: Corrupt on foreign investment and its results in the ICSID procedure is one of the new topics in international investment law. Investigating the different dimensions and the impact of the ICSID procedure on investor’s rights and the responsibility MoreField and Aims: Corrupt on foreign investment and its results in the ICSID procedure is one of the new topics in international investment law. Investigating the different dimensions and the impact of the ICSID procedure on investor’s rights and the responsibility of the host state in relation to foreign investment is of importance, objectives and subject matter of this article.Method: The research method is descriptive-analytical and critical to answer a question, what is the impact of corrupted foreign investment on investor rights and the responsibility of the host state in the ICSID procedure?Finding and Conclusion: The findings show that arbitration based on the investment treaty combined with corruption is rejected at the request of the foreign investor in the ICSID. This procedure has two achievements, two on the same coin. First, the investor is deprived of legal protections and arbitration. Ignoring investor rights resulting from playing its role as the first party to corruption is self-imposed and inevitable. Second, the host state is clear of responsibility for the foreign investor by corruption defense and proving it. The situation suggests a benefit of corruption for the host state, while host state agents are also the second party to corruption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
491 - Suspension of Criminal Prosecution of a Foreign Investor by Reliance to the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) Arbitration Tribunal’s Provisional Measures
Javad SalehiField and Aims: Reliance to Provisional Measures in the ICSID Arbitration Tribunal to suspend criminal prosecution is a new issue in international investment law. The host state will prosecute a foreign investor after to start investing disputes in the ICSID Arbitration MoreField and Aims: Reliance to Provisional Measures in the ICSID Arbitration Tribunal to suspend criminal prosecution is a new issue in international investment law. The host state will prosecute a foreign investor after to start investing disputes in the ICSID Arbitration Tribunal to prevent from international arbitration. Therefore, the study of different dimensions of this approach is important and one of the aims and subject of this paper. Method: The research method is descriptive-analytical and critical to answer a question by relying on the ICSID Arbitration Tribunal’s procedure. Research question is what are the effect of the ICSID Arbitration Tribunal’s Provisional Measures in denying the host state’s sovereignty in prosecuting a foreign investor? Findings and Conclusion: Research findings show that the imposition of Provisional Measures, acceptance of the investment agreement, reliance of the parties on the international arbitration mechanism before disputes arising to ignore the host state’s sovereignty in prosecuting foreign investors at the same time as the international arbitration begins, so that fair arbitration will be carried out while maintaining equality of arms Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
492 - The legal nature and guarantee of the execution of the Provisional measures of the International Court of Justice in the light of the procedure of the Court and the performance of the countries
mahdiye Ardeshir Moghadam heybatolah Najandi Manesh mohamadali solhchiField and Aims: According to its statute, the International Court of Justice has the authority to issue temporary measures in order to protect the rights of the parties to the dispute and also to prevent the spread and deterioration of the dispute. From the beginning, t MoreField and Aims: According to its statute, the International Court of Justice has the authority to issue temporary measures in order to protect the rights of the parties to the dispute and also to prevent the spread and deterioration of the dispute. From the beginning, these appointments have been faced with different interpretations of the related countries. Some countries considered these appointments non-binding; while others considered them binding. There was some disagreement in doctrine as well. In this article, while examining the legal nature of temporary measures, it has been discussed whether there is an enforceable guarantee in international law for the implementation of temporary measures or not? In addition, what is the procedure of countries in this regard?Method: The present research was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method.Findings and Conclusions: According to the court's procedure, especially in the Lagrand case, the orders of temporary measures of the court are binding. Therefore, the addressee countries of these agreements are legally required to implement them. The agreement is a temporary measure, including the binding decisions of the court, and the countries use different methods to implement it, including unilateral measures, referring to the Security Council, referring to domestic courts, and countermeasures. The guarantee of the implementation of temporary measures is the same as the guarantee of the implementation of international law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
493 - Modeling and Estimating the return of Tehran Stock Exchange using dynamic models
Zhila Rostami Shahram Fattahi Kiomars SohailiAbstractSince the creation of the stock market in the nineteenth century, many researchers have focused on research into stock price forecasting models and market returns. Statistical prediction models such as Arma, Arima, Arch, have been widely used but none of them ha MoreAbstractSince the creation of the stock market in the nineteenth century, many researchers have focused on research into stock price forecasting models and market returns. Statistical prediction models such as Arma, Arima, Arch, have been widely used but none of them have had the desired result. Therefore, many researchers have recently considered the stock market as a nonlinear dynamic system. The application of nonlinear models as well as advanced techniques, although not many years have begun, but in a short time has been able to open its place in various sciences. The purpose of this study is to predict the stock index using the dynamic model averaging DMA and also the method of the dynamic model selective DMS and the use of quarterly data for the years 1380-1399. The main advantage of the model used in the present study is the introduction of a large number of independent variables for its dynamics without the usual problem of overfitting appearing in the model. In this paper, the effect of some macroeconomic variables on the process of modeling and forecasting stock returns on the stock exchange was investigated. The results of the article showed that the probability of entering the variables of money supply growth, quasi-money growth, inflation, land price index growth in large cities is more than other input variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
494 - An Approach to Mentality in Fakhr Razi's Psychology
fatemeh malbubi einollah khademi abdollah salavati Reza DargahifarIn the contemporary era, thinkers abandoned the issue of the mind in a way that gives rise to the idea that it is essence or material, and addressed the issue of what are mental states, what are their characteristics? On the other hand, Islamic thinkers has always been MoreIn the contemporary era, thinkers abandoned the issue of the mind in a way that gives rise to the idea that it is essence or material, and addressed the issue of what are mental states, what are their characteristics? On the other hand, Islamic thinkers has always been concerned to the human soul. Fakhr Razi, a famous Muslim theologian, has significant opinions in the discussion of philosophical psychology. He considers the soul to be different from the body, and he has studied a number of soul states and some of their characteristics. The current research deals with the question: what is the relationship between the states and qualities of the soul from Fakhr Razi's point of view and mentality in the contemporary philosophy of mind? In this search, some similarities between Fakhr Razi's opinions and contemporary mentality will be clarified; Emotional states such as pain and pleasure, and perceptual states from the point of view of Fakhr have certain characteristics such as the phenomenality and direct experience of these states for the soul. He has criticized Ibn Sina for not paying attention to these states in the definition of pleasure and pain. He also paid attention to science, which is one of the cognitive states, and it seems that by proposing the addition theory, he intended the consciousness for soul. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
495 - The inclusion of representational theories about phenomenal features
Mahdi Homazadeh AbyanehThe paper deals with a particular group of objections against representational theories about phenomenal experiences. The author, primarily, illustrates the importance of representational theories and clarifies some helpful categories of representational versions which MoreThe paper deals with a particular group of objections against representational theories about phenomenal experiences. The author, primarily, illustrates the importance of representational theories and clarifies some helpful categories of representational versions which has used in the paper. Then, it focuses on an especial group of objections against the inclusion of these theories. This group of objections undermines the inclusion of representationalism about "bodily sensations" and "intentional states". Opponents, in fact, make some doubts that representational approach cannot explain the phenomenal character of bodily sensations and intentional states. The paper has described these two difficulties, the first one has been discussed among scholars and the later represented by the author. It, finally, peruses the actual and potential responses of representationalists and, then, concludes that representational theories can come over the objections about bodily sensations, but they should give some explaination in order to unravel the objections about intentional states. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
496 - Rise of China and India- US foreign policy toward each other from 2001 to 2019
naser Hadian -Jazy MEHDI BAZVANDAbstractSince 2001, the relationship between India and the United States has been witnessing a fundamental shift from both sides. Many analysts see the rise of China as one of the main reasons for the positive shifts in the foreign policy of the United States and India MoreAbstractSince 2001, the relationship between India and the United States has been witnessing a fundamental shift from both sides. Many analysts see the rise of China as one of the main reasons for the positive shifts in the foreign policy of the United States and India towards each other. Given this point, this study seeks to answer the question of why the rise of China has led to a rapprochement between India and the United States. The results of this study show that as China increasingly seeks to undermine India's national interests, balancing strategy has become a requirement for India's foreign policy toward China. On the other hand, the choice of off-shore balancing by the United States to prevent the emergence of a regional hegemon in East and South Asia has led to a rapprochement between the United States and India. Under such circumstances, the United States could reduce its costs of dealing with the emerging power of China by burden sharing with its partners Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
497 - EU-Iran relations in the light of transatlantic relations (Case study of the Obama and Trump eras)
Ebrahim Bagheri seyed Davood AghaeeThe present study seeks to answer the question why the European Union, despite its political will to expand relations with Iran and in particular its efforts to maintain BRICS within the framework of the designed mechanisms, failed to exercise its strategic independence MoreThe present study seeks to answer the question why the European Union, despite its political will to expand relations with Iran and in particular its efforts to maintain BRICS within the framework of the designed mechanisms, failed to exercise its strategic independence and fulfill its obligations within BRICS. The findings show that the EU's lack of strategic independence is due to the EU's transatlantic dependence on three levels of institutional security deficit, asymmetric interdependence in the economic sphere, and the preferences of EU transnational corporations in relation to US markets. At the level of the institutional security deficit; Given the United States' security umbrella and lack of military-defense independence, the European Union is forced to adjust its approaches to US interests and goals. At the economic level; The interdependence of economic, trade, and investment interactions on both sides of the Atlantic and the asymmetry of this relationship (US strategic economic superiority) have severely limited the possibility of EU economic action independence. The third level concerns the preferences of the market and the private and transnational corporations of the European Union and the rational and risk-taking pattern of companies under secondary US sanctions, which has been a major obstacle to the independence of the EU approach to Iran. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library. In this regard, books, articles, documents, Internet resources and comments of relevant officials have been used to collect data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
498 - Persian Gulf Arab Lobbies in the United States:Mechanisms and Goals
Alireza Madadi Hossein karimifard lena abdoulkhane Shiva JalalpourThe decentralized and pluralistic nature of power in the United States has allowed for a diverse and influential role for a diverse range of ethnic lobbies.Meanwhile, the Arabs of the southern Gulf have focused on lobbying as a reliable foreign policy tool and influenci MoreThe decentralized and pluralistic nature of power in the United States has allowed for a diverse and influential role for a diverse range of ethnic lobbies.Meanwhile, the Arabs of the southern Gulf have focused on lobbying as a reliable foreign policy tool and influencing US decision-making and policy-making.The scope and dimensions of lobbying and lobbying have increased significantly in recent years.In this connection, the main question of this study is: "What mechanisms and goals have been pursued by the Arab Gulf lobbies in the Persian Gulf since its inception?The findings of the paper suggest that the Arab Gulf lobbies of pluralistic trends and mechanisms such as embassies, foreign-registered lobbyists, individual lobbyists, oil companies, and sponsoring American thought toward goals such as Two-States solution their economic goals and interests, have been confronted with negative agendas, against positive portrayal of themselves, and ultimately with Iran.The present study is a descriptive-analytical one And information collection has also been done in a library-style way and through online resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
499 - Deterrence as a Security-defense Strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Challenges, Requirements, and its Strategic Model
Masomeh Ansarifard امیر محمد Haji-YousefiSince the collapse of the bipolar system and the change in "system arena" and "issues in the new world system", the Middle East has changed into one of the main bases for implementing the new deterrence strategy. Thus, the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is located in t MoreSince the collapse of the bipolar system and the change in "system arena" and "issues in the new world system", the Middle East has changed into one of the main bases for implementing the new deterrence strategy. Thus, the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is located in the disputed region of the Middle East, has highlighted deterrence to ensure its security. The present qualitative study aims to see whether Iran's current strategy is consistent with the components of the “new deterrence” by considering identity-, authority-, and interest-based approaches in national, regional and international levels. In this regard, the main hypothesis raised is Iran's security-defense strategy is inspired solely by the military component of deterrence, not all of the new components of deterrence. In other words, the synergy of all dimensions including the military, political, and economic dimensions of Post-Cold War Deterrence did not exist in the strategic equation of Iranian deterrence,and deterrence for Iran has been a military response to deterrent actions of extra-regional adversaries and their regional allies.In this regard, the present study seeks to achieve a comprehensive understanding of deterrence and its evolution with a pathological approach in order to explain the appropriate model of deterrence in Iran. Based on the results, Iran's performance is more based on the requirements of asymmetric warfare than deterrence due to the increasing impact of both regional and international environments on the national environment.Further, the success of Iranian deterrence relies on the use of "deterrence with denial" versus "deterrence with punishment." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
500 - Foreign policy and reproduction of the economic system in the Islamic Republic of Iran as an oil-based government
Behrouz Asa&amp;#039;di Hosein PourahmadiAccording to the evolution of the global political economy, proper understanding of the foreign policy category of the Islamic Republic of Iran as an oil-based government and its relationship with the economic system is doubly important. Cox's votes seem to provide a go MoreAccording to the evolution of the global political economy, proper understanding of the foreign policy category of the Islamic Republic of Iran as an oil-based government and its relationship with the economic system is doubly important. Cox's votes seem to provide a good platform for understanding how this relates to us. The present article raises the key question of what effect does foreign policy have on the reproduction of the oil-based production system in the Islamic Republic of Iran? According to Cox's views, it seems that the structure of oil-based production, by establishing social relations of production and government configuration, has a fundamental impact on the formation of foreign policy in Iran, and in contrast, the action of foreign policy with its policies to It reproduces this economic system. In on this basis, the hypothesis of this study is that the action of foreign policy in Iran in the continuation of social relations of production, has sought to reproduce the structure of production and monopolize the government's use of oil resources. the purpose of this article is understanding the relationship between foreign policy and the oil-based production system in Iran, so it forms an exploratory research based on a retroductive strategy.The findings of the paper, with the emphasis on the Cox's views, show that the interests and tendencies of the dominant classes and social forces in oil-based social relations production in the Islamic Republic of Iran have a fundamental impact on foreign policy action in reproducing the oil-based economic system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
501 - Examining Saudi Arabia's position in US foreign policy regarding Iran's anti-hegemonic role.
sajad hasani arsalan ghorbani-e sheikhneshin Hassan Khodaverdi Garineh Keshishyan SirakiThe governing structure of the international system and, consequently, the Middle East order, which is influenced by the arrangement, competition, and interaction of regional actors and interregional intervening powers, have particular effects and consequences on the re MoreThe governing structure of the international system and, consequently, the Middle East order, which is influenced by the arrangement, competition, and interaction of regional actors and interregional intervening powers, have particular effects and consequences on the relations of actors in the Middle East. Organizes the surface of regular areas. The relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia and the patterns of interaction and friendship-enmity between the two countries are also a function of the formulations of the structure of the international system and the order of the Middle East. The question of the present article is that what effect does the anti-hegemonic emergence of the Islamic Republic of Iran have on the position of Saudi Arabia in US policy (considering the superior role of the US in the structure of the international system) in the West Asian region? Findings of the article Using neo-realist theoretical propositions show that Washington, in the context of its superior role in the structure of the international system, uses Riyadh as a geopolitical, geostrategic and geocultural weight to maintain balance. It looks at regional forces and countering the emergence and expansion of anti-hegemonic powers such as Iran. This article has been done through qualitative-interpretive method and inference of information through existing documents with descriptive-analytical approach and case information. The need has also been collected by taking methods from available and available sources, including: books, articles in domestic scientific research quarterly and foreign articles, reputable sites and Internet resources, and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
502 - Threats to international peace and security from the Failed State (Case study: Somalia)
mahdi Baghban babak naderporThe security issues of the world today have a certain entanglement and complexity that each of which can lead to other security issues. one of these new issues is the collapse of government. the issues of the failure of governments in matter of international peace and s MoreThe security issues of the world today have a certain entanglement and complexity that each of which can lead to other security issues. one of these new issues is the collapse of government. the issues of the failure of governments in matter of international peace and security was first raised by the united states of America after 11 September. however, the international community has not had a clear understanding of the threat to international peace and security posed by the collapse of government. in this regard, a study of UN resolutions on the crisis in Somalia, which has been recognized as a failed state in the world for three decades since 1991, seeks to identify the various threats to international peace and security caused by collapse governments came out. In this descriptive content analysis study, 97 UN resolutions on the Somalia crisis were analyzed. as a result. it has been determined that the failure of government will pose at least 13 types of threats to international peace and security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
503 - China in Latin America: goals and strategies Drivers of China's foreign policy developments in Latin America and the Caribbean
roya nezhadzandieh mostafa almasin the present international system, the spread and appearance of China has changed into an important and unavoidable matter. That's why this previous regional power, has come to act in the domain of world and extraterritorial context. It has also presented itself as reg Moren the present international system, the spread and appearance of China has changed into an important and unavoidable matter. That's why this previous regional power, has come to act in the domain of world and extraterritorial context. It has also presented itself as regional area power.. Latin America is one of those in which China has had a growing presence. This research is going to find the reason why china is present in the area and to find out the consequences of this presence in terms of Robert Kagan theory. So the authors are to validate this theory: china in the way of increasing power and also balancing geopolitical against the United states and as an answer to America's presence in the south-East of Asia, china has defined Latin America as an important country in its foreign policy. Then three solution including political, financial، military and security matters are investigated considering the fact that countries are trying to increase their level and influence. Findings of the research show that when a power comes to surface in the international system and searches for increasing power and advancing influence in politics and economics, it will do so through different sources and internal, international capacities. The presence of china in Latin America is looked at around this matter. So china needs to be present in Latin America in order to achieve an international power through a multilateral policy and using smart power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
504 - China-Russia Strategic Alliance against US Unilateralism and its Impact on Iran's National Security 2009-2021
Tahereh Nezafati Garineh Keshishyan SirakiAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union, the structure of the international system took on a unipolar form, one of its main characteristics being the unilateral approach of the United States as the ruling superpower. But Russia and China have managed to compete and chall MoreAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union, the structure of the international system took on a unipolar form, one of its main characteristics being the unilateral approach of the United States as the ruling superpower. But Russia and China have managed to compete and challenge America in the position of great power. This competitive process has also affected the national security of other countries. The main goal of this research is to investigate the impact of the alliance between Russia and China against the unilateralism of the United States on Iran's national security. The main question is, what effect did the alliance between Russia and China have on Iran's national security in 2009-2021 against the unilateralism of the United States? It seems that the strategic alliance of China and Russia based on competition and curbing the hegemony of US has had effects in the direction of strengthening and weakening the national security of Iran. The results show that the alliance between China and Russia against the United States affects Iran's national security in the political dimension Iran's emphasis on the role of the United Nations, Iran's membership in the Shanghai Organization, seeking new horizons in BRICS in the military dimension countering Western sanctions and promoting military cooperation with China and Russia in the economic dimension enhancement of economic cooperation, purchase of Iranian oil and gas and Iran's pivotal capability in China's Silk Road project and in the environmental dimension of the cooperation of the two sides with Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
505 - Russian security threats Analysis after the U.S. Pullout from Afghanistan in Central Asia with emphasis on Islamic fundamentalism
hassan ainehvand Ali keyvani Mohammadali basiriThe exit of U.S. troops from Afghanistan in August 2021 was made by the government of Joe Biden, which was preceded by the Doha Agreement on February 29, 2020 between Donald Trump and the Taliban with the official title of "Peace Agreement to Afghanistan." The end of th MoreThe exit of U.S. troops from Afghanistan in August 2021 was made by the government of Joe Biden, which was preceded by the Doha Agreement on February 29, 2020 between Donald Trump and the Taliban with the official title of "Peace Agreement to Afghanistan." The end of the 20-years US military presence in Afghanistan has challenged international relations researchers with the crucial question of what consequences the military pullout of the United States and its allies will have for other actors active in the Middle East, Central and West Asia? And what aspects of their national interests will be affected? Amongst these players is the Russian Federation, that Afghanistan's proximity to Central Asia, as Moscow's traditional sphere of influence, could lead to new crises, including the expansion of Islamic fundamentalism to the national interests of this country. Therefore, the main question of this present paper is that what are the negative consequences of the US withdrawal from Afghanistan on Russia's national interests in Central Asia? The main assumption of this paper is that the central Asian region should be considered the center of the world crisis in the future as the most prone region for the growth of Islamic fundamentalism, which will destroy the region's security dynamics and confront Russia to new security threats. The authors try to prove their hypothesis in this paper by applying Regional security complex theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
506 - Transition to Hybrid Balancing in China’s Foreign Policy toward the United States
Abdolmajid SeifiChina is the most important great power that has posed a fundamental challenge to the position of the United States in the post-Cold War era. China's significant economic growth and becoming the second largest economy in the world, significant progress in the mili MoreChina is the most important great power that has posed a fundamental challenge to the position of the United States in the post-Cold War era. China's significant economic growth and becoming the second largest economy in the world, significant progress in the military and space fields, and the expansion of influence in different regions of the world have strengthened the prospect of expanding this challenge. In the base of grand strategy of offshore balancing, on the one hand, the United States has been trying to buck pass part of the responsibility of containing China to the states that have the desire and ability to contain China, and on the other hand, it is doing straight balancing. Straight balancing of the United States is in the form of a hybrid war. The complexity and multidimensionality of the US approach in this hybrid war has caused China's response to this war to have multiple dimensions, which can be elaborated as a hybrid balancing approach. From this point of view, the main question of this research is that what is China's strategy to deal with the hybrid war of the United States? In response, the present article claims that China's response to the United States' hybrid war is based on hybrid balancing, which takes place in the three dimensions of political, economic, and informational balancing. The present research was done by using descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
507 - China's New Silk Road Initiative (Aims, obstacles and challenges)
Bahram Amirahmadiyan Roohollah Salehi DolatabadAbstract Today, Asia as a continent is faced with new developments and plans in order to meet the goals of different actors in different regions of the continent. China is one of the emerging players who plan to become a global power, has proposed the revival of the Sil MoreAbstract Today, Asia as a continent is faced with new developments and plans in order to meet the goals of different actors in different regions of the continent. China is one of the emerging players who plan to become a global power, has proposed the revival of the Silk Road initiative. Silk Road is one of China's foreign policy initiatives for expanding their influence to other areas. The plan, which almost covers an area of 4.4 billion people 65% of the world's population and 21 trillion of global GDP in total. The initiative was announced by President of China in September 2013 and the two economic belt “New Silk Road" (One road and one belt) and "Marine silk road" has been formed. Effort and dedication of China to promote such huge projects apart from the economic and political consequences could be serious for the country in the lead, also could be the formation of China's ambitious new foreign policy to expand more and trying to play a regional role. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
508 - U.S. Interventions in the Middle East Uprisings or Revolutions of 2011 and U.S. Intervention Scenarios in Syria
Mohammad Ali Khosravi رقیه مهاجریAbstract 2010 Tunisia demonstration was occurred due to economic and social conditions, inequality and poverty, unemployment, corruption, violation of political freedom and lack of democracy. Such movements were expanded to other Arab countries such as Libya, Yemen, Bah MoreAbstract 2010 Tunisia demonstration was occurred due to economic and social conditions, inequality and poverty, unemployment, corruption, violation of political freedom and lack of democracy. Such movements were expanded to other Arab countries such as Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, etc. which except for Bahrain, all were overthrown. Although U.S. type of intervention varied in the above mentioned countries, the essential goal behind was to misdirect the national revolutions and maintain U.S. political benefits of the Middle East strategic region. Efforts to survive Bahraini government via repressing of revolutionists, penetrating in Yemen’s revolution and retaining its current political structure by only replacing Abdullah Salih with a pre-selected politician, military intervention in Libya, preventing active participation of Islamists in Tunisian politics, taking advantage of the Egypt overthrown regime’s political survivors in the current structure, etc. has been the major US actions in response to recent revolutions in Middle East. Syria-which has been confronting unrests and crisis in the last two years- has been the only Arab country playing a center-oriented role against Israel. Since Russia and China have been strongly supporting Syria in the UN security council, it may seem the unites states cannot militarily penetrate in Syria. Hence, U.S. options for intervening in Syria are: feed the oppositions with monetary and military aids, Applying harder economic sanctions on Syria and its allies, Stimulating and expanding religious and political differences and finally Penetrating in opposition groups and identifying individuals who will later help US future plans in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
509 - Russia and the United States, Competition and Conflict
Davood Aghaee Alireza Samoodi Mehdi MosaviAbstract After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, many scholars thought that the Russian-American confrontation had ended and it would be replaced with cooperation. However, after a short period this optimism gradually faded out and a new period of conflict emerge MoreAbstract After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, many scholars thought that the Russian-American confrontation had ended and it would be replaced with cooperation. However, after a short period this optimism gradually faded out and a new period of conflict emerged. Although the new confrontation was not as sever as the previous one, but it implied a new competition in Russian-American bilateral ties. The new conflict and competition could be seen in several areas such as Russian Neighbors (Central Asian Countries & Caucausus), Missile Defense System and Arms Control and Iran as well. In this article, we are going to explain the new competition based on the above mentioned issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
510 - Checking of the Legitimacy of Unilateral US Sanctions after Withdrawal of JCPOA to the United Nations Charter
Seyed Hamid Seyed Taghizadeh Leila Raisi Dezaki Bashir Esmaeili Abstract: On May 18, 1397, the United States withdrew with official "Tramp" announcement of “The nuclear agreement of the P5 + 1 countries with Iran" called "The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action". Subsequently, us department of treasury announced that it More Abstract: On May 18, 1397, the United States withdrew with official "Tramp" announcement of “The nuclear agreement of the P5 + 1 countries with Iran" called "The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action". Subsequently, us department of treasury announced that it will take action Relative to Restore Iran's nuclear sanctions. Now the question is here that how much does this unilateral action by the United States as a member of the United Nations is proportionate to the United Nations Charter and whether is it legitimate According to the Charter or no. On the other hand, in the framework of the hypothesis, it also seems that “Given that unilateral US sanctions violate several clauses of United Nations Charter, these sanctions are not legitimate in accordance with the Charter.” Therefore, in this article, we will attempt to use the descriptive-analytical method to study the dimensions of this subject and test the hypothesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
511 - An Assessment of Obama's Foreign Policy in the East Asian Region
Mohammad Sadegh BabakanAbstract The United States has long regarded itself as the power of the Pacific region and the main purpose of US foreign policy is to prevent a large power or a set of powers aimed at controlling Eurasia. Earlier in 2011 the Obama administration was turning from Sout MoreAbstract The United States has long regarded itself as the power of the Pacific region and the main purpose of US foreign policy is to prevent a large power or a set of powers aimed at controlling Eurasia. Earlier in 2011 the Obama administration was turning from South Asia and the Middle East to the Asia-Pacific region. This article examines US foreign policy in East Asia with an emphasis on recent history and challenges. It also examines US relations with four key political entities: Japan, the Republic of Korea (South Korea), China and Taiwan. The main purpose of the present paper is to answer the key question of how US foreign policy under Barack Obama's presidency towards East Asia can be assessed. In response to the question the underlying assumption is that Asia is once again the focus of US foreign policy attention and the Obama administration's pivot to East Asia can be seen as the most prominent sign of US pre-occupation announcing the full role of Asia in its foreign policy over the next decade. The results of the research indicate that the American strategic and economic goal is to curb the growth and dynamism of Asia and from the point of view of the realism and deterrence logic the United States will certainly endeavor to prevent China from rising as a strategic competitor in East Asia. It should be noted that the research method used in this paper is of analytical-explanatory nature and using available data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
512 - Obama and the Continuity of America's Foreign Policy toward Egypt
Mahdi Habibollahi Seyyed Javad Emam Jomeh Zadeh Hosein MasudniaAbstract: America relies on more than half a century experiences in dealing with the Middle East, considers Egypt, a key country in the region. In other words, Egypt is the anchor of stability and security to the West especially America, as in the past decade, Washingt MoreAbstract: America relies on more than half a century experiences in dealing with the Middle East, considers Egypt, a key country in the region. In other words, Egypt is the anchor of stability and security to the West especially America, as in the past decade, Washington and Cairo have close and continuous cooperation to meet common strategic interests in the Middle East. With the Arab Spring developments and overthrow of Mubarak, America's policy toward Egypt was faced with challenges. However, the United States has tried to manage these developments, and Obama administration, regardless the type of Egyptian government, maintained its continuous relationship with this key Middle East country. Despite widespread developments after the Arab Spring in Egypt, the United States maintained the same policy aims from its relationship with Egypt. What are the reasons for the continuation of US foreign policy towards Egypt, especially under Obama's presidency? This research by using descriptive and analytical method and with the use of library and internet resources intends to study and explore the reasons for the continuation of relations between the two countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
513 - The Role of Regional Actors in the Process of Afghanistan State-building during Taliban and post-Taliban
Mohammad javadAghajari مرتضی کریمیThe role of regional actors in the process of state-building in Afghanistan during the Taliban era and after his fall can be in terms of influencing the three key players, including Iran, Pakistan and Russiaand actors on the periphery of Europe, Japan and semi-periphera MoreThe role of regional actors in the process of state-building in Afghanistan during the Taliban era and after his fall can be in terms of influencing the three key players, including Iran, Pakistan and Russiaand actors on the periphery of Europe, Japan and semi-peripheral players include America, Saudi Arabia, India and China split.Political, geographical, economic, social and ethnic Afghanistan has made this country has always been under the influence of regional and trans-regional powers.Pakistan is one of the most influential countries in developments in Afghanistan so that in the period of Taliban rule, the relations between the two countries wasvery good but after the fall of the Taliban, relations between the two countries were severely strained.During the five years of Taliban rule led to many difficulties for the Government of Indiaand in fact, unprecedented expansion of terrorist infiltration and destabilization in Kashmir Valley yieldedbut relations between the two countries improved after the fall of the Taliban.Eradication of the Taliban regime fall under major threat from Iran's eastern bordersand groups close to Iran gained the power in Afghanistan and promotes ties with Iran. This paper explores and analyzes the role of regional and sub-regional actors in the three countries, Pakistan, India and Iranand their influence in the process of state-building in Afghanistan during after the fall of the Taliban.Significant topic in this article, so as to Iran and Pakistan have already cast their Afghan crisisthe semi-peripheral status have found that Pakistan's role was overshadowed by the role of America. Iran also has the potential to influence Afghanistanbut seriously hinder America from using this feature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
514 - J-Street, A New Emerged Lobby in the U.S.A
Ahmad Bakhshayeshi Ardestani Mohammad Shahedi Abstract: The law in the United States does not restrict the establishment of political parties and the rate of civilians joining these parties, ranks highest in the world. In this country, lobbies are legally given an influential role in the process of decisio More Abstract: The law in the United States does not restrict the establishment of political parties and the rate of civilians joining these parties, ranks highest in the world. In this country, lobbies are legally given an influential role in the process of decision making. Jewish community has taken advantage from this opportunity and has expanded its influence and power in the political structure. Jewish lobbies monitor and filter domestic and foreign politics of the Congress, White House, think tanks and other political institutes. After 2008 election, a new Jewish lobby, J-Street which had similar viewswith president Obama separated from AIPAC. Obama, who took office with the “Change” slogan, believes that solving the Israeli-Palestinian issue is the key to establish peace in the Middle East. And if it was accomplished successfully, America would be able to overcome some of its problems such as financial crisis, public support, and its heavy costing presence in Iraq and Afghanistan. J-Street lobby shares Mr. Obama’s opinion in this regard and promotes the negotiations for a two-state solution in the Palestinian territories. This article studies foundation of J-Street, its views and actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
515 - America's Strategy in Afghanistan and Its Impact on National Security of Iran
Mohammad Tohidfam Farhad PaydarAbstract Iran is an important country in the Middle East.The strategic importance of the Hormuz Strait, the Persian Gulf South littoral states, neighboring Pakistan, and Iraq, and most importantly, having a long border with Afghanistan, including the factors that will MoreAbstract Iran is an important country in the Middle East.The strategic importance of the Hormuz Strait, the Persian Gulf South littoral states, neighboring Pakistan, and Iraq, and most importantly, having a long border with Afghanistan, including the factors that will affect America's strategy.On the other hand, the issue of terrorism, narcotics, and other factors, make the relationship between the two countries more important and any of action of America in the neighboring countries of Iran, notably in Afghanistan, has impact on Iran's national security. After 9/11, the war on the terror has led to a convergence of many countries with America.There are important issues in the region that influence on the United States long-term policy.Demographics of Iran and Afghanistan, in addition to a major share of these countries in the global economy and alsonuclearization of the region (which Iran has recently joined it) are all the reasons that has led to handling the strategic depth in Afghanistan and Iran by the United States and thereby influence on the political, economic and military equations of the world. Interaction or conflict with the rival powers could significantly impact on America foreign policy.This is the best opportunity for the United States to pursue its long-term interests by its presence in this strategic regionand by combating the roots of terrorism and drug trafficking in order to implementation of the Greater Middle East Plan and democratization of the region realize the dream of world government of liberal democracy. This paper reviews and analyzes the America's strategy in Afghanistan and its impact on national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
516 - Two Centuries of Conflict between the Government and the Parliament in France
Hojjatollah AyoobiAbstract Frances tested various political systems after the French revolution. One of the major challenges was the political struggle between the parliament and the government over the past two centuries and their authorities. The historic clash of two rival would win MoreAbstract Frances tested various political systems after the French revolution. One of the major challenges was the political struggle between the parliament and the government over the past two centuries and their authorities. The historic clash of two rival would win occasionally. Air waging insurgencies and revolutions of the parliament or the government attempted to change the constitution and strength his position as celebrating their victory. Cuts on both sides of the political history of this country are trying to find the middle, and crammed into a fight over who will win the game. Finally, taking advantage of the situation and character of General de Gaulle's Fifth Republic charismatic with the longstanding conflict ended in favor of the government. Frances experienced a political system more than fifty years which heads to the marginalization of Statehouse. The historical roots of this conflict is the subject of this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
517 - U.S. Foreign Policy in the Light of Obama's Pivot to Asia
Farzad Mohammadzadeh Ebrahimi Mohammadreza Maleki Seyed Javad EmamjomehzadehAbstract: With the start of the presidency of Barack Obama and his promise to change, America's foreign policy orientation altered from the Middle East to Asia, so that Obama during his presidency has made great efforts to focus United States' attention and resources to MoreAbstract: With the start of the presidency of Barack Obama and his promise to change, America's foreign policy orientation altered from the Middle East to Asia, so that Obama during his presidency has made great efforts to focus United States' attention and resources to Asia-Pacific. What is the reason of America's strategic orientation change under the Obama presidency from the Middle East to Asia-Pacific? Where should be pursued the context of this change? Due to the proximity of the Obama doctrine to political realism principles, the reason of this change must be tracked on the Obama's realistic policies. Therefore, this study tries to show that how Obama's realistic foreign policy changed the strategic orientation of this country by using the analytical - explanatory method. In this regard, after examining the theory of political realism and Obama realistic doctrine, the Pivot to Asia strategy will be explored which represents an important change in the United States foreign policy from the Middle East to Asia-Pacific. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
518 - The Paradox of America's Foreign Policy in Syrian Crises
Mohammad sadegh Kooshki Mahjobeh KarimiIn the view of most analysts, the US foreign policy in the Syrian civil war has been very passive and ambiguous. Over the four years of civil war in Syria passed and the US has failed to adopt a firm stance against the crisis and arming the opposition, or full-scale mil MoreIn the view of most analysts, the US foreign policy in the Syrian civil war has been very passive and ambiguous. Over the four years of civil war in Syria passed and the US has failed to adopt a firm stance against the crisis and arming the opposition, or full-scale military attack on Syria remains uncertain. The resulting discontent among some American allies like Saudi Arabia and passive policies of Washington was considered. The root of this confusion was the ambiguous foreign policy strategy in relation to the confrontation with the Islamic awakening and overall outcome of US confusion in foreign policy at regional and international levels was evident. America’s credibility and global power relations on the one hand and undermine Washington's allies like Saudi Arabia and Israel in this regard can be summarized Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
519 - Comparing Study of Strategies of the EU and U.S. in relation to Combat with Terrorism
Ardeshir SanaieUp sep.11, 2011 terrorist attacks to world trade organization (WTO) as most effective terrorist attacks which was regarded as turning point at international relations: the issue of terrorism was changed into security agenda. In fact sep.11,2001 terrorist attacks: the MoreUp sep.11, 2011 terrorist attacks to world trade organization (WTO) as most effective terrorist attacks which was regarded as turning point at international relations: the issue of terrorism was changed into security agenda. In fact sep.11,2001 terrorist attacks: the issue of terrorism was changed into factor in the way of formation to foreign policy of some countries and in the field of international policy: each country based on its values and norms fight against asymmetric threats and terrorism and selected specific strategy. In his way following up sep.11, 2011 terrorist attacks in U.S.A the doctrine of war against terrorism and combat with mass destruction weapons was compiled by neoconservative party. E.U. approved strategy of combat with mass destruction weapons: which resulted in coalition of great worlds powers against terrorism. In the way of combat with terrorism, Sep.11, 2011 terrorist attacks prepared suitable grounds for attacks of U.S.A to Afghanistan in year 2001 and following up attack to Iraq in year 2003 without accompany of EU countries such as: France and Germany and regardless to U.N. which resulted in great gap between relations of EU beyond Atlantic region and U.S.A in the field of combat with terrorism. In the present research it is dealt with this question that: What is similarity and difference among strategies of EU and U.S.A in relation to combat with terrorism? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
520 - The U. S. Foreign Policy and Failure of Obama’s Promises and Slogans in the Election
Mohammadali Khosravi Asghar Imani Abstract This paper examines the impact of the United States of America Barack Obama on foreign policy with the slogan of change strategies in the American presidential election and the views of conservative and neoconservative parties are analyzed in terms of More Abstract This paper examines the impact of the United States of America Barack Obama on foreign policy with the slogan of change strategies in the American presidential election and the views of conservative and neoconservative parties are analyzed in terms of Western liberal’s thoughts which affected by extreme Zionists capitalist in the politics of America's hegemony outside its boundaries. America's new government is also looking at changes in the electoral failure Obama administration's foreign policy is inevitably, some of the priorities of United States foreign policy objective of a comprehensive approach to a multilateral approach objective, the smart change to. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
521 - A Survey on Iran-U.S Relationship in the light of the Strategic Culture
Soheil Godarzi Ahmad Soltaninejad Mostafa Zahrani Mohsen EslamiAbstract: Describing the dominant patterns of Iran-U.S relations after triumph of the Islamic revolution and even explanation of current situation between the two states through conventional foreign policy and international politics will lead to inefficient and inadequa MoreAbstract: Describing the dominant patterns of Iran-U.S relations after triumph of the Islamic revolution and even explanation of current situation between the two states through conventional foreign policy and international politics will lead to inefficient and inadequate researches. Although describing the historical facts and using realistic analyses to explain current non war- non peace situation are beneficent, but could not elucidate continuity of hostility situation between Iran and the United States. Analysis of this Iran-U.S extensive conflict and hostility requires focusing on material structures of power and geopolitical contrast in one hand and regarding the cognitive and nonmaterial fundamentals of action on the other hand. Without a doubt, current pattern of Iran-U.S relationship Influenced by both mentioned factors; this reciprocal process of impact with material and non-material elements of power and security have described this issue as a unsolved multi-faceted and multi-layered conflict. It seems that strategic culture framework as a pattern that mutually respect to state's objective, measurable and visible act alongside non material and invisible structures of practice can be useful to explain dimensions and causes of Iran-U.S conflict. According to this, the main agenda of this article is to illustrate a more detailed image about Iran-U.S conflict through a comparative Survey on elements and components of two state's strategic culture, with respect to significant security aspects of this conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
522 - International Responsibility to Protect and Sovereignty of States
Didukht SadeghiAbstract This paper attempts to analyze the emergence of the doctrine of "international responsibility to protect" in the climate of human rights extension and decline of the national states sovereignty. The "responsibility to protect" is an evolving concept that shoes MoreAbstract This paper attempts to analyze the emergence of the doctrine of "international responsibility to protect" in the climate of human rights extension and decline of the national states sovereignty. The "responsibility to protect" is an evolving concept that shoes the duties of the governments to provide a legal ethical for humanitarian intervention. The increase of internal wars in 1990's the violation of human rights and the dilemma of implication of humanitarian intervention clearly showed the necessity of the foundation of "responsibility to protect". This doctrine is implication of new thinking on sovereignty, which says sovereignty is not "privilege" but is a "Responsibility". So sovereignty as "control" changed to sovereignty as "Responsibility". Upon This new idea governors should to world community about behavior to their peoples. The "Responsibility to protect" has had two important the effect in international relation, first it became clear that the sovereignty of national states is no more also lute and could be declined. Secondly, the individual rights has become seriously under observation of international community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
523 - Neo Liberal Globalization and Its Effects on the Islamic Republic of Iran as a Rentier State
Hamid Reza ShirzadAbstract since 1960s with sudden and multiple increase in oil revenues and its supremacy over other economic sectors in national income, Iranian government officially transformed to a rentire state which seems still is and tend to be in predictable future. The ab MoreAbstract since 1960s with sudden and multiple increase in oil revenues and its supremacy over other economic sectors in national income, Iranian government officially transformed to a rentire state which seems still is and tend to be in predictable future. The above mentioned phenomenon caused radical changes in, government size and structures, inflation increase and forming a new and unique kind of relationship between government, citizens and civil society .It also caused restructuring of domestic political economy settings, reorganization and emergence of domestic blocs of power and interests, relative independence in foreign relations and finally changing of pattern of inside-outside relations. After Islamic revolution there were radical changes in priorities of foreign relations based on the new ideological values but there were not the same radical trend of changes in the rentire nature of government, its role in the domestic economy and its economic relations with the outside world. Rentire states continue to exist with the ability to cover their weakness through the continuous flow of oil revenues and their distribution based on two main routes, firstly to put the government as the sole base of development and secondly to allocating more to their supporters and reducing the influence of civil society on the ruler’s desired order. Globalization occurrence and deepening particularly its neoliberal project, challenged the most basic foundations of these type of underdeveloped and weak governments in both efficiency and the governance levels, which results in forcing inevitable evolution of the rentire state, changing domestic political rulers behaviors and transforming their type of connection to the international system . Globalization (neoliberal) with its worldwide extent and depth puts little space and alternatives for rentire states, they should either be efficient according to new order (project) necessities which means to change their position inside the national political economy , (redefine) type of internal governance and reducing them their autonomy in the international arena (a new position in the international division of labor) or if they cannot get along with the type of globalized order they must pay the price of further inefficiency inside and more incompatibility with the rest of the world. This means that the country's growth can be suppressed by increasing transaction costs both inside and outside and failing to benefit from all development capacity of country and ultimately undermine national power compared to other nations of the world. The mainstream theories of IR or IPE has a high explanatory power to explain the integration process of a state to the globalizing order but they lack the competence for explanation of why a nation with high potential cannot or don’t have the will to develop its place in the international division of labor and world economy. This dissertation has no claim of representing a new theory in IPE, it only pave the way for the new interdisciplinary approach and somewhat heuristic model for understanding how to avoid approaching states (rentire) as a homogeneous entities and using a two tier criteria to evaluate the effects of globalization (project) on them which are first its effect on the rentire nature of these states and second its effect on the hegemonic concept which holds control over this states. Using a neogramscian approach helps me to better explain this theoretical challenge in Dominant theories (especially institutional neoliberal) which have little explanatory power about outside of the order (isolated) states. There exist not a rich literature about the mechanisms through which the globalization (project) affects states (rentire), therefore I used an outside –inside dialectical approach with the study of impacts of globalized concepts of control over internal concepts of control which means ideologized (projected) globalization effects on ideologized rentire state. Using the above mentioned theoretical approach will reach us to conclusion that the hegemonic concept of control of Iran's rentire state (traditional ideological) is going to fade by the strong waves of globalized concept of control (neoliberal project). Using of coercive power can for a short period survive this concept of control but it is obvious that there will be a capacity for hegemonic shift inside Iran whether by government choice or outside government’s alternatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
524 - Neo Pluralism as a New Post Westphalian State in the International System
Mansour Salehi Mohammad TohidfamOne of the most important terms of political science is the concept of state. Governments in the international system are in contact with each other and all face difficulties. Since politics is always in the midst of political and realities, it has tried to provide solu MoreOne of the most important terms of political science is the concept of state. Governments in the international system are in contact with each other and all face difficulties. Since politics is always in the midst of political and realities, it has tried to provide solutions to these problems in international relations. These solutions are regulated in the form of patterns for the government's mechanism in dealing with the problems. Our main question in this research is that "what mechanisms do the neo-pluralism government present in dealing with the post-cosmopolitan international system?" Using Springer's research approach, this research attempts to identify major issues of international relations in the present era and to provide solutions at the level of government analysis. According to Sprig's research approach, the crisis has always been the point where the solution to the crisis is to be presented. As always, theories of the "government" have been developed in this manner. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
525 - Analysis of the Factors in the Emergence and Rapid Growth of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
Kamran TaremiSince 2010 the organization called the Islamic State has emerged as the most dangerous terrorist outfit in the Middle East. This article examines the factors that have interacted to shape the organization since it appearance in 2003. It also discusses the internal facto MoreSince 2010 the organization called the Islamic State has emerged as the most dangerous terrorist outfit in the Middle East. This article examines the factors that have interacted to shape the organization since it appearance in 2003. It also discusses the internal factors that have contributed to the organization's success in the region. It argues that factors such as the spread of Salafi and jihadi thought among the Sunnis in the Muslim world, big power intervention in the area, and the so-called Islamic awakening have been the most prominent reasons behind the rise of Islamic State. It also contends that the organization owes its success to the popularity of its message among the Sunnis, its military prowess, good governance, and efficient utilization of its financial resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
526 - Analysis of the content of the national security strategy of the United States of America towards the Islamic Republic of Iran (2001-2021)
Hossein Mozneb Mohammad Reza Ghaedi Reza SimberAfter World War II, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States of America has always claimed supremacy in the international system and has explained its foreign policies based on the national security strategy in every presidential term. On the MoreAfter World War II, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States of America has always claimed supremacy in the international system and has explained its foreign policies based on the national security strategy in every presidential term. On the other hand, the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a regional superpower, has been able to create a new form of regional order with its material and spiritual influence in West Asian countries. The conflict between the interests of the United States and Iran raises the question that the national security strategies of the United States of America during the years 2001-2021 have become in practice what strategies have they turned into in relation to Iran? In response to the proposed hypothesis, "The United States of America, by adopting its aggressive national security strategies towards Iran, is seeking to limit Iran's interests in the international system so that it can increase its interests and finally become the supreme hegemon in The international system should be transformed." After examining the sources of the first category indicators (economic and security strategies) with the method of integrated content analysis (quantitative and qualitative), the results showed: America initially follows the policy of changing Iran's behavior and containment, and then the policy of engagement and pressure And finally, it turned into containment and behavior change, and in order to implement these strategies during this period, it has imposed more and more diverse sanctions against Iran every year Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
527 - Management of Oil Revenues in Norwayand the Transition from Rentier State
Alireza Soltani Alireza HeshmatpourAbstract No doubt oil is the most important and at the same times the most political, economic, commodity in the today world. Oil plays a significant role to serve as the main source economic power and political always at the political and social development, for oil p MoreAbstract No doubt oil is the most important and at the same times the most political, economic, commodity in the today world. Oil plays a significant role to serve as the main source economic power and political always at the political and social development, for oil producing and it was from the main source of. But historical experience showed that having the natural resources and income spree oil wells by no means does not mean with have welfare facilities and government facilities and it does not cause political and economic, social development and deepening democracy. National dependence oil rich countries to oil had the diversity consequences .This consequences was from security social, economic, political and cultural dimension. Studies political development of the countries that manger shave of their income achieve from the oil always face the researchers with government that they have illogic power at the arena policies social and economic and know own to more than social levels, categories and groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
528 - The Role of Ayatollah Sistani in Iraq State-building Process after the Fall of Saddam
Arsalan horbani Saeed Bashiri Javad AlizadehIraq socially textured mosaic of ethnic groups in numerous sectarian. Three demographic and Political nature of the country always has potential areas of tension and separation. America and its allies attack and the fall of Saddam's regime, released the fundamental forc MoreIraq socially textured mosaic of ethnic groups in numerous sectarian. Three demographic and Political nature of the country always has potential areas of tension and separation. America and its allies attack and the fall of Saddam's regime, released the fundamental forces in the north and south of Iraq, who were repressed for many years and provide them an opportunity to gain a greater share of power in Baghdad's government. Shia ‘a, Sunni and Kurdish are three main ethno-sectarian groups with different interests in Iraq. What matters over the role of the Shia’s in the process of state-building in Iraq is that the Shi’a in the past decades due to various reasons was out of power. The fall of Saddam's government caused that the role of Shia’s authority role as an active political force and actor, being increasingly discussed. This study sought to examine the role of the Shia’s authority in Iraq's state-building process with an emphasis on strengthening the rule of Shia’s Ayatollah Sistani’s thought. According to the structures of ethnic, tribal and religious in today's Iraq policy, it seems that legal and political positions of today authority about the role of supervision, guidance and actors in the political system, has an important influence on political and social developments and state-building process by strengthening Shia’s rule in today Iraq. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
529 - Identity Crisis and nation, State Cleavage in Globalization Era: Language & Religion consequences on national Identity in Tajikistan and Kazakhstan
Abdulali Ghavam Neda MohamadAbstract Identity is one of the basic concepts in humankind's life and in addition, is one of the most important changed concepts in Globalization era and Post modernism ideas. Although, Identities will lose their past functions and this may cause identity crisis. Mean MoreAbstract Identity is one of the basic concepts in humankind's life and in addition, is one of the most important changed concepts in Globalization era and Post modernism ideas. Although, Identities will lose their past functions and this may cause identity crisis. Meanwhile, states that have powerful and effective functions in the past are losing their power and function, subsequently try to keep their power by a kind of limited meaning system to describe their own constructed identity and make this kind of identity as a symbol of national identity by using of force, threatening, pressure, censorship and so on. As a result, this could cause the division of state and nation, increasing state's independence and finally nation and state cleavage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
530 - Estimation of Browse Productivity for Acacia seyal (Delile) in Alazzazah Area, Blue Nile State, Sudan
Nancy Ibrahim Abdalla Mohammed Ibrahim Abdelsalam Mohammed Abdelkreim Abdalbasit Adam Mariod -
Open Access Article
531 - Explain the components of fighting corruption and establishing justice by emphasizing the orders of the Supreme Leader in the statement of the second step of the revolution
behruz salehiThe concept of justice and how to provide a platform for it in a civil society is one of the most important issues that require reflection and deliberation, as it is considered as a fundamental principle of the foundation of the survival of any government. Establishing MoreThe concept of justice and how to provide a platform for it in a civil society is one of the most important issues that require reflection and deliberation, as it is considered as a fundamental principle of the foundation of the survival of any government. Establishing justice in the Islamic society, which includes basic security and well-being, along with the economic growth of the Islamic society and providing the grounds for spiritual growth for individual citizens, is a key task for the Islamic society. In our jurisprudence sources, citing the infallible imams and the enlightened verses of the Qur'an regarding justice, many themes can be found. In this regard, the statements of the Supreme Leader for many years revolved around justice and the fight against corruption, an effort to realize this principle as fully as possible in the society. It is always the guiding light of officials and members of the people that no common sense dictates against it. In this research, while explaining the components of the development of justice and the fight against corruption, he drew the intellectual system of His Holiness the Supreme Leader of the Province, and for this reason, it was analyzed with a qualitative approach and by the method of analyzing the content of his words, and a total of 317 primary codes. and 46 central codes and finally 8 main themes, including the factors of the spread of justice, the consequences of the spread of justice, the factors of corruption, the consequences of the spread of corruption, the duties of officials in the axis of fighting corruption, the duties of officials in the axis of seeking justice, solutions to fight corruption and the consequences fight against corruption; identified and explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
532 - Contexts of US Changing position in post-Cold War: From a historical sociological perspective
Mehdi Zibaei Shahla NajafiAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union and the success of the United States International Coalition outside Iraq's expulsion from Kuwait in the 1990s, the groundwork was laid for the formation of a US-led unipolar system in the international arena. In this regard, the t MoreAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union and the success of the United States International Coalition outside Iraq's expulsion from Kuwait in the 1990s, the groundwork was laid for the formation of a US-led unipolar system in the international arena. In this regard, the then President of the United States of America George Herbert Walker Bush (1988-1992) in a speech used the term "New World Order" to indicate the beginning of a new chapter in political relations based on American supremacy in the international arena, including It was a sentence. Had. However, the emergence of China as an emerging power and the non-implementation of its regional policies in the Middle East over the last two decades is an inadequate indication of US power over the desired order. Now the question is, what have been the factors underlying the decline of the US government over the last three decades? The analysis of historical facts shows a set of results of the development of the neoliberal economy worldwide (deepening poverty in the region), international environmental developments (unexpected results of the globalization process), incorrect goals (biased support for Israel), miscalculations. The invasion of Iraq, etc., which sometimes dates back to before the end of the Cold War, has weakened the US position in the international arena in general and in appearance in particular. In the light of the theory of historical sociology of international relations, the present intends to examine the change in US regional writing over the past few decades. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
533 - Challenges and solutions for the participation and attraction of elites in the management levels of the country with emphasis on the statement of the second step of the revolution (based on meritocracy)
Mohsen Sanami Abbas Salehi Najafabadi Ghasem TorabiThe current research aimed to analyze the obstacles to the realization of meritocracy facing the attraction of elites in the country's management levels and the ways out of it, relying on the statement of the second step of the revolution. The main question was to inves MoreThe current research aimed to analyze the obstacles to the realization of meritocracy facing the attraction of elites in the country's management levels and the ways out of it, relying on the statement of the second step of the revolution. The main question was to investigate the obstacles to the realization of meritocracy and the solutions for its realization under the attraction of elites in the managerial levels of the country. The method was analytical-descriptive and relied on library resources. The findings showed that the first obstacle is the weakening of meritocracy by overemphasizing on work history, and the solution is youthism and trusting the elite. The next challenge is the non-compliance of the selection criteria with the operational needs of the organization, the solution is to use talented human resources and also eliminate discrimination in the distribution of public resources. Non-granting of rewards based on organizational status is the third challenge, the solution is the realization of justice and narrowing the field of discrimination. The lack of attention to ethics and its promotion is the fourth challenge, and returning to the spirit of ethics caused by the revolution and holy defense was considered as the main solution. The last challenge is the lack of effect of performance evaluation results on the job conditions of employees, the solution is to give effect to the results of performance evaluation, to pay attention to the spiritual competence of people along with the conditions of performance evaluation and to record actual performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
534 - Reviewing the Efficiencies of Informative Content in External Financial Reporting to Forecasting of Behavior of Stocks Return for the Companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchanges by Canonical Correlation Analysis
ٍElaheh Safaei TabriziThis investigation, examine the association among accounting components based-on accrual approach & accounting components based-on operating cash flows approach with components of behavior of common shares return for the listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchanges. Howev MoreThis investigation, examine the association among accounting components based-on accrual approach & accounting components based-on operating cash flows approach with components of behavior of common shares return for the listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchanges. However since that the goals of present investigation is determining the relation between two or more phenomena, so it to be defines as correlation researches. . Sampling method is filtering or systematic removing. Volume of sample is equal to (100) firms during the six years, and so analyzed data of (600) firms-fiscal years in form of cross-section method. Statistical feedback from testing of hypotheses are done by correspondent canonical correlation analysis. . Statistical feedback of testing principle hypotheses, confirms that in ninety five percentage intervals confidence, there are significant & positive-imperfect association between synthetic linearity combinations of behavior of stock return with informative content of components based-on accrual approach, synthetic linear combinations of accounting components based-on operating cash-flows approach & synthetic linear combination of accounting consolidated components based-on accrual-operating cash flows approach. In addition to, informative content of synthetic linear combination of components based-on operating cash-flows approach, are higher than synthetic linear combination of accounting components based-on accrual approaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
535 - Analysis of the cultural themes of the statement of the second step of the revolution
Lila Kalij Seyed Vahid Aghili Hasan KhojastehbagherzadehThe statement of the second step of the revolution is a vision that was issued by the Supreme Leader on the eve of the 40th anniversary of the Islamic Revolution to outline the current situation and the future perspective of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the ultimat MoreThe statement of the second step of the revolution is a vision that was issued by the Supreme Leader on the eve of the 40th anniversary of the Islamic Revolution to outline the current situation and the future perspective of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the ultimate goal of achieving a new Islamic civilization. This statement has useful functions in the economic, political and cultural fields. The supreme leader of the revolution has always emphasized the priority of culture among statesmen. Basically, the culture of every society forms the identity and existence of that society, and with the deviation of culture, even though the society It is powerful and strong in economic, political, industrial and military dimensions, but it is empty, empty and empty. This research has been conducted in order to find the cultural issues considered by the Supreme Leader in the statement of the second step with the method of content analysis. Therefore, in order to find the cultural components of the statement of the second step of the revolution, first 50 key propositions related to the field of culture were counted from the text of the statement and finally 4 overarching themes were obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
536 - Presenting the structural model of emotional eating according to the prediction of trait-state anxiety with the mediating role of emotional processing in obese people
Ashraf Babakhanloo Seyyed Abbas Haghayegh Fardin Moradi Manesh Akram DehghaniObesity is one of the main causes of non-communicable diseases, which has a growing trend. The present study was conducted with the aim of providing a structural model of emotional eating with regard to the prediction of trait-state anxiety with the mediating role of em MoreObesity is one of the main causes of non-communicable diseases, which has a growing trend. The present study was conducted with the aim of providing a structural model of emotional eating with regard to the prediction of trait-state anxiety with the mediating role of emotional processing in obese people. The research method is correlation using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the obese people in Tehran in 2017, and among them, 378 people were selected using a staged sampling method. The research tools were: Dutch emotional eating (1986), Spielberger's state-trait anxiety (1970) and Bakker et al.'s (2010) emotional processing questionnaire, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V23 and Lisrel-V8.8 software were used. The findings showed that there is a negative relationship between trait-state anxiety and emotional eating. There is a negative relationship between trait-state anxiety and emotional processing, and there is a negative relationship between emotional eating and emotional processing. Therefore, it can be concluded from the results that trait-state anxiety has an effect on emotional eating with the mediating role of emotional processing in obese people. Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables helps researchers and therapists in prevention and designing more suitable treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
537 - The Auditors' Preferences Affecting Factors on Inherent Risk in the Account Remaining Sum Level and Financial Statements Level
Zohreh HajihaPrecise inherent risk assessment is one of important steps for audit risk assessment level by independent auditors that causes to increasing detection risk in an audit and presenting correct audit opinion in risk based audit. The audit risk assessment can affect audit p MorePrecise inherent risk assessment is one of important steps for audit risk assessment level by independent auditors that causes to increasing detection risk in an audit and presenting correct audit opinion in risk based audit. The audit risk assessment can affect audit planning, audit strategies as well as final results. Auditing standards propose inherent risk assessment into two levels of overall financial statements and detailed way of account balances. However, the basic question is when assessing inherent risk, to auditors these two levels are independent or not? Since this relation influences directly on inherent risk assessment of auditee by auditors and finally it will affects detection risk assessment. In order to this, this research investigates the relationship of two levels of inherent risk. The statistical sample of the research consists of auditors of Iranian Association of Certified Public Accountants(IACPA) who were ed randomly and by questionnaire instrument researcher measured the significance of each affecting factor on the levels of inherent risk. Research results indicate that there is positive correlation between elements affecting on inherent levels. However, this correlation is rather weak, there is significant difference between affecting factors on these two levels of inherent risk auditors' view point. In the mean time, in Iranian professional environment, auditors prefer account remaining sum level to financial statements level for assessing inherent risk. The results can help independent auditors recognize affecting factors on inherent risk in both levels and pay attention to the relationship between these factors in Iranian audit environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
538 - Modeling of Audit Production Efficiency based on the Business Risk Audit Approach
Shoeyb Rostami OstadKelayeh MohammadAli Aghaei Kumars BiglarAbstractBased on the business risk audit (BRA) approach, auditors should define and perceive strategic management control techniques and operating processes to evaluate a business. They should also select risk control processes in vital operating processes to estimate t MoreAbstractBased on the business risk audit (BRA) approach, auditors should define and perceive strategic management control techniques and operating processes to evaluate a business. They should also select risk control processes in vital operating processes to estimate the type and magnitude of residual business risks that might affect the accuracy and fairness of financial statements. In the present study, using a qualitative approach with the help of Grounded theory and in-depth interviews with 31 auditing experts in 2021 with the titles of partner, members of the audit organization and members of IACPA specialized working groups, to understand their mental meanings and BRA approach to conduct the audit was interviewed. In addition, textual data from notes and articles in international professional journals on BRA were used, which mainly provided the views of various experts. The research data were analyzed using open coding method in Grounded theory and major categories, categories, and subcategories (concepts) were extracted. Using a systemic approach that includes inputs, processes, outputs, outcomes and contextual factors, the model of audit production efficiency was designed based on the business risk audit and the categories that emerged were presented. Considering the limited scope of previous research on BRA and especially the lack of comprehensive research in Iran, the designed model, which is multifaceted and the result of the views of various auditing experts, provides a broad and comprehensive view of audit production efficiency based on the business risk audit that can be used in audit quality improvement programs, evaluating independent audit and other macro strategies for the development of audit methodology in Iran.Given the flaws and shortcomings of Iran’s current auditing framework, integrating the BRA approach into the current framework will be promising. At the same time, this approach can prevent over-auditing due to its proved inherent value. It can also be considered a naturally correct method of auditing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
539 - The Effect of Organizational Culture on the Relationship between Earnings Management and the Readability of Financial Statements
محدثه ریاحی نژاد افسانه توانگرIntercultural research in societies showed that the development and evolution of accounting in any society depends on environmental and social factors of that society. Any insight into how values can be impacted through accounting behavior and ultimately the impact of MoreIntercultural research in societies showed that the development and evolution of accounting in any society depends on environmental and social factors of that society. Any insight into how values can be impacted through accounting behavior and ultimately the impact of financial disclosure is important to ensure comparability of financial reporting. For this reason, in this study, the effect of organizational culture characteristics on the relationship between profit management and readability of financial reports in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2011 to 2018 is investigated. To measure the organizational culture variable, the Globe questionnaire, the readability variable of financial reports, Fogg index and the profit management variable, Kazink model have been used. The results show that futurism, gender equality, assertiveness, extra-group collectivism, intra-group collectivism and altruism affect the relationship between earnings management and the readability of financial statements. The effect of the control variable was positive and insignificant company size and positive and significant financial leverage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
540 - Independence of the Internal Auditor; Approaches to Processes that Reduce the Silence and Courage of Internal Auditors
جواد بابایی خلیلی محمدرضا عبدلی حسن ولیانThis study examines the effect of reducing processes in organizational silence of companies on the ethical courage of internal auditors. It is conducted based on a survey-correlation method. Furthermore, it also focused on the responses of 183 accepted internal auditors MoreThis study examines the effect of reducing processes in organizational silence of companies on the ethical courage of internal auditors. It is conducted based on a survey-correlation method. Furthermore, it also focused on the responses of 183 accepted internal auditors on the stock exchange. Then, partial least squares analysis method was used for the findings in 5 frameworks. Moreover, items like positive statesalong with being independent in doing internal auditing responsibilities and perceived support of the supervisor on courage of internal auditors were carefully considered.Findings show that self-efficacy, level of hope, resilience and perceived support of the supervisor on courage of internal auditors have positive and significant effect as the reducing processes in organizational silence of companies on the ethical courage of internal auditors. Finally, it was concluded that more perceived support of the supervisor will end up to more courage on the behavior of such auditors in their performances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
541 - The Relationship between the Items of Income Statement and Productivity Indices of Oil Companies
Abbas Taleb Beydokhti Hassan GhiasiOil section provides 97 percentage of the country energy. The role and importance of the oil on the Iran's economy is no secret to any one, so every change in this section can affect on the Iran's economy. So investigation in this section is necessary. Income Statement MoreOil section provides 97 percentage of the country energy. The role and importance of the oil on the Iran's economy is no secret to any one, so every change in this section can affect on the Iran's economy. So investigation in this section is necessary. Income Statement has basic role in the financial reports and evaluation models.Relay on the Income Statement Indices is not sufficient for the evaluation of the firm performance. Productivity is one of the best criteria for the appraisal of performance and improvement of this is the important duty of the management. Therefore grouth and improvement of organization related to the attention of Productivity. In this paper it is tried to investigate whether there is any relation between the Items of Income Statement and Productivity Indices of Oil Companies of Tehran Stock Exchange or not? For this reason, some of the industries of Oil Companies are chosen as a statistical sample and community.Testing of these hypotheses was done by correlation method, regressions analyze & Curve Fit test. It was confirmed that there is a relation between the Items of Income Statement and Productivity Indices of Oil Companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
542 - The Moderating Effect of Auditor's Reputation on the Relationship between Audit Fee and the Incidence of Accounting Misstatements
Hassan Yari Rafik baghomianAbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the moderating effect of auditor' reputation on the relationship between audit fee and the incidence of accounting misstatements. In this regard, we analyzed financial statements of 107 companies listed in Tehran St MoreAbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the moderating effect of auditor' reputation on the relationship between audit fee and the incidence of accounting misstatements. In this regard, we analyzed financial statements of 107 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The present study is an applied research and was conducted by descriptive-correlation method. In this study, Dependent variable is accounting misstatements and equals 1 if the firm subsequently restates its current year financial statements, otherwise zero. The audit fee and the auditor's reputation are the independent and moderating variables of the research, respectively.Hypothesis testing was carried out through logistic regression model.The results indicated thataudit feehas a negative and significant relationship with the incidence of accounting misstatements and charging high (low) audit fee by auditor reduces (increases) the incidence of accounting misstatements and these findings is stronger in relation to audit firms that have a high reputation. In other words, the auditor's high reputation exacerbates the negative relationship between audit fee and the incidence of accounting misstatements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
543 - The Determinants of the Timeliness of Interim Financial Statements
Bahman Banimahd Mahtab ToutchiFinancial reports are major instrument to publish information for stakeholders. The purpose of interim financial statements is to improve the timeliness of accounting information. In this paper, we have examined the determinants of interim financial statements timelines MoreFinancial reports are major instrument to publish information for stakeholders. The purpose of interim financial statements is to improve the timeliness of accounting information. In this paper, we have examined the determinants of interim financial statements timeliness in Tehran Stock Exchange. Study sample are about 84 firms in a four periods 2006 to 2010. We have found there is a relation between unqualified audit report and auditor type with interim financial statements timeliness. The results of this study show that in emerging markets such as Tehran capital market , interim financial statements timeliness is more depend on unqualified audit report and auditor type. when the audit report is unqualified , time of the interim financial statements presentation will be decreased. The results also show when audit firm is Audit Organization time of the interim financial statements presentation will be increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
544 - Explaining the Promoting and Inhibiting Social Components of Companies to Improve the Quality of Financial Statements
Behnam Sam Daliri Kaveh Azinfar Seyyed Ali Nabavi Chashmie Mohammadreza PouraliAbstract Corporate responsibility reporting relates to aspects of individual and social characteristics and corporate governance and the external conditions of the company. Given that the quality of financial reporting has a significant impact on capital markets and af MoreAbstract Corporate responsibility reporting relates to aspects of individual and social characteristics and corporate governance and the external conditions of the company. Given that the quality of financial reporting has a significant impact on capital markets and affects the decision-making process of users of financial reports, so the correct identification of factors affecting the quality of financial reporting from the perspective of different groups, can make financial reports as an important source of information. Rely on users to convert. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to explain the components of promoting and preventing corporate social responsibility to improve the quality of financial statements. The statistical population of the study is the members of the board of directors of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in 1998. 295 people were selected by simple random sampling to distribute the questionnaire. Schwartz (1998) standard social responsibility questionnaire was used to collect information in the field of theoretical foundations and research literature and to test research hypotheses to measure social responsibility. Also, to measure the quality of financial statements, the standard questionnaire of Freddy Van's financial reporting quality (2014) is used. K-S test was used to check the normality of data distribution and structural equation model and PLS software was used to test the hypotheses. The results of the research show that the dimension of individual characteristics and its promoting components and its deterrent components are effective in improving the quality of financial statements. The social dimension and corporate governance and its promotional and deterrent components affect the quality of financial statements. The external conditions and its promoting and deterrent components affect the quality of financial statements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
545 - A Novel Qualitative State Observer
Sobhi Baniardalani -
Open Access Article
546 - A New Method for Simplification and Reduction of State Estimation’s Computational Complexity in Stability Analysis of Power Systems
Ebadollah Amouzad Mahdiraji Seyed Mohammad Shariatmadar -
Open Access Article
547 - On the Design of Extended State-Dependent Differential Riccati Equation Controller for Nonlinear Reaction-Advection-Diffusion Partial Differential Equation with Multiple Delays
Fariba Bouzari Liavoli Ahmad Fakharian Hamid KhaloozadehThis paper proposes a sub-optimal Extended State-Dependent Differential Riccati Equation (ESDDRE) controller for nonlinear Reaction-Advection-Diffusion (R-A-D) Partial Differential Equation (PDE) systems with multiple delays. A State-Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) is MoreThis paper proposes a sub-optimal Extended State-Dependent Differential Riccati Equation (ESDDRE) controller for nonlinear Reaction-Advection-Diffusion (R-A-D) Partial Differential Equation (PDE) systems with multiple delays. A State-Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) is a nonlinear version of Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) in optimal control and it is used to analyze nonlinear optimal control problems. Instead of the linearization or the Jacobin procedure, the ESDDRE technique applies a State-Dependent Coefficients (SDC) for parameterization to construct an Extended Pseudo-Linearization (EPL) representation. All of the multiple delays sections in this presentation can be located in the system matrices and input vectors. The control effort of ESDDRE method is derived based on the Hamiltonian equation and also cost function according to the PDE systems. In addition, the L_2 stability is guaranteed by Poincaré inequality and as well as Lyapunov function regarded on the ESDDRE control strategy for the closed-loop system. The simulation results for the nonlinear R-A-D partial differential equation with one and two constant delays indicate that the proposed ESDDRE controller technique is efficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
548 - Improved Dynamic Performance in Interconnected Power System Using Secondary Frequency Control
Bahador Fani Farhad Mesrinejad Somaye Yaghoubi HassanHaes Alhelou -
Open Access Article
549 - Power Quality Monitor Placement Using a Tri-level Approach
Leila kamyabi Saeid Esmaeili -
Open Access Article
550 - THE EFFECT OF THE EMERGENCY STATE ON THE LACK OF AN APPEAL STAGE IN THE SPECIAL COURTS OF ECONOMIC CRIMES
Sohrab Neshastehriz Mahmoud Malmir Masoud HeidaryFields and Aims: The process of differentiation of criminal procedure in the field of Economic criminality is due to factors such as globalization of criminal law, inability of the criminal justice system and inefficiency of traditional principles of criminal procedure MoreFields and Aims: The process of differentiation of criminal procedure in the field of Economic criminality is due to factors such as globalization of criminal law, inability of the criminal justice system and inefficiency of traditional principles of criminal procedure in responding successfully to it. In this process some of criteria such as specialization,rapidity and severity of the criminal response are followed. Approval of executive by-law on how to deal with major crimes disrupting the countries economic system which was approved on 29/09/2020 during the Economic War of post (JCPA) is one of the examples of this process, which according to Article 19 the majority of the rulings of courts subject to this article are final and despite severity of charges and convictions they lack appeal stage and sole purpose is to ensure execution of the sentence. This issue is not compatible with the recognition of the right to appeal as one of the principles of governing a fair trial.Methodology: the present Article has been done by descriptively-analytically method.Findings Conclusion: we have come to the conclusion that this issue is in the line with the criteria for describing the State of Emergency in some international documents and seems to be justifiable. Also, in the opinion of the authors it seems to be essential the recognition of the right to appeal against all rulings issued by-law in the courts subject to this regulation which is similar to that provided for in the Code of Criminal Procedure (2013) for Wartime Military Courts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
551 - "Crime prevention in the light of preventive and educational measures with emphasis on jurisprudence"
amir arshad [our Hosein KhavaninzadehEducational and precautionary measures are the practical consequences of theoretical criminology which is currently considered as one of the constituents of the countries criminal policy. Today, there are several categories of such measures presented by lawyers. These m MoreEducational and precautionary measures are the practical consequences of theoretical criminology which is currently considered as one of the constituents of the countries criminal policy. Today, there are several categories of such measures presented by lawyers. These measures are the main outcome of the scientific intellectual movement having been common from the 18th century in Europe based on the Kant's sociological beliefs on the Criminal Code resulting in the logical positivism of the criminal law in the 19th century which have been regarded as solutions suggested by logical positivism for the neutralization of "dangerous state", against the recidivists and the crime prevention taken into account by penal systems from the late 19th century. Such actions were adopted as the first draft of the Swiss Criminal Code by Professor Carl Stoos, through draft Swiss Penal Code entrusted to him during 1892-1893. Subsequently and along with their traditional response to crime, i.e. punishment, the legislatures in other countries gradually accepted this concept and predicted it in their Criminal Code. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
552 - Evaluation of Residential Project With Option to Delay
Hanzaleh Fendereski Shapour Mohammadi Ali Foroush Bastani Reza RaeiReal estate investment are characterized by low liquidity and irreversible cost. Real Estate industry is one of the most important industry in occupation. Moreover, its production has the biggest weight in family portfolio.These are important characteristics of real est MoreReal estate investment are characterized by low liquidity and irreversible cost. Real Estate industry is one of the most important industry in occupation. Moreover, its production has the biggest weight in family portfolio.These are important characteristics of real estate markets. Real estate industry has cyclical trend. In recession, investor delay their investment. Traditional capital Budgeting models such as Net Present Value are base on fix assumption and condition. They ignore management flexibility. In this paper residential Projects are evaluated with real options (option to delay) by Black-Scholes and Binomial Lattice Model.These model values managerial flexibility. Experimental results show that project Evaluation with real options outperforms the traditional models such as NPV. This paper studies the optimal timing of investment in an irreversible project where the benefits from the project and the investment cost follow continuous- time stochastic processes. According to optimal investment timing proposed by MC Donlad and Siegel, time to start this Project is 9/5 years from now. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
553 - The effect of the Structure of Sources Financing on Operating Performance with an Emphasis on the Role of Strategic Ownership and Financial Restatements of Corporate Admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange
Hossein Eslami Mofid Abadi Soniya Maraghe Marzieh Ebrahimi ShaghaghiThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of the structure of financing sources on operational performance with a focus on the role of strategic ownership and re-presentation of financial statements of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Ex MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of the structure of financing sources on operational performance with a focus on the role of strategic ownership and re-presentation of financial statements of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research method was descriptive-survey, the time period studied was from 2013 to 2018 and the statistical sample of the research included 171 companies. The data and information of the research has been collected through library sources and referring to the financial statements of the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the form of (field). Multivariate regression and statistical tests (Durbin-Watson (D-W) test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Dickey-Fuller (DF), Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Phillips-Perron (PP), and LM-ARCH) using EViews software version 9. Finally, to determine the significance of the linear regression equation, the Fisher test (F-test) and for the significance of the coefficients, the T-student (T-test) were employed. Therefore, the findings of this research show that due to the role of strategic ownership and re-presentation of financial statements, the structure of financing sources has a significant effect on the operational performance of companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
554 - Dynamic survey of the relationship between gold and crude oil’s price uncertainty with banks stock index -method of state space
Reza Eyvazlu Saeed Bajalan Mostafa CHaharrahiThe study of dynamics and relations between markets has been one of the research subjects. This paper use state space in vector autoregressive moving average model (VARMA) to investigate the effect of gold and crude oil’s price uncertainty on stock returns of the MoreThe study of dynamics and relations between markets has been one of the research subjects. This paper use state space in vector autoregressive moving average model (VARMA) to investigate the effect of gold and crude oil’s price uncertainty on stock returns of the bank. In space-state equation system, the state variable is estimated by the Kalman filter and the specified parameters of the model by the maximum likelihood method. The results showed that gold and crude oil’s price uncertainty has a negative and significant effect on stock returns of the bank and the gold price uncertainty has a major effect on the stock returns of the bank. And furthermore, crude oil’s price uncertainty has a positive and significant effect on gold price uncertainty. In this research, daily OPEC crude oil prices, gold price (Bahar Azadi Coin- Old design) and banks stock index during the period 1390 to 1396-Shahrivar were used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
555 - The Application of Real Option to Valuation of Real Estate Development Project
Abbas Gomar Amir Abbas NajafiRecently, real option analysis has gained attention as an effective valuation method for complex real estate projects in developed countries. However, considering its potential, this method has not become as popular as it could have among developers in the country. One MoreRecently, real option analysis has gained attention as an effective valuation method for complex real estate projects in developed countries. However, considering its potential, this method has not become as popular as it could have among developers in the country. One major reason may be its complexity and perhaps lack of finance knowledge and real estate data among Iranian developers .Thus, case studies can demonstrate the effectiveness of any theory and introduce real option analysis to Iranian devolopers as a standard valuation method. In this paper, case study analysis is used to examine the application of real options in real estate development projects. Comparison of valuations using traditional discounted cash flow with real option analysis brings out the relevance of real option methods in project decisions.Binomial method that values the project as a compound call option has increased the payoff of the project by 14% in comparison with net present value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
556 - The Effect of Accounting Comparability on Financial Reporting Quality with Emphasis on Audit Quality
Zohreh Hajiha hasan chenariAbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of comparing financial statements on the quality of financial reporting with emphasis on audit quality. It is argued that comparability increases the usefulness of accounting information and makes it possible t MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of comparing financial statements on the quality of financial reporting with emphasis on audit quality. It is argued that comparability increases the usefulness of accounting information and makes it possible to identify similarities and differences between economic events for users of financial statements.For this purpose, information on the financial statements of 103 companies has been collected. Multivariate regression with panel data has been used to test the hypotheses.The findings of the research hypothesis test show that the comparability of financial statements enhances the quality of financial reporting, but the moderating role of audit quality is ineffective in this relationship.Managers' ability to evaluate the company's performance and predict future events and to provide information on reliable forward-looking estimates that can be used to report higher quality commitment items increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
557 - Risk Types in Different Firm Life Cycle Stages with Emphasis on Ownership of Companies
mostafa ebadi kaveh Azinfar iman dadshi reza fallahAbstract The main purpose of this study is to investigate the risk situation (idiosyncratic risk, market risk and total risk) in Firm life cycle stages and the impact of State and non- State ownership on this relationship. In this regard, first, using the Fama-French T MoreAbstract The main purpose of this study is to investigate the risk situation (idiosyncratic risk, market risk and total risk) in Firm life cycle stages and the impact of State and non- State ownership on this relationship. In this regard, first, using the Fama-French Three-Factor model, the idiosyncratic risk in the sample firms was estimated. Market risk was calculated based on the standard deviation of the annual return of the stock index and the total risk is calculated by sum of market risk and idiosyncratic risk. The different stages of the companies' life cycle were determined using the patterns obtained from the three categories of cash flow statements (operating, investment and financing). In this research, the data of 136 firms have been used and in order to examine the research hypotheses, six regression models of panel data have been used. Respectively, idiosyncratic risk, market risk and total risk considered as dependent variable in these models. The results of estimating the final models show that idiosyncratic risk, market risk and total risk in the stages of introduction, growth and decline are higher compared to the stages of maturity and shake-out of firm life cycle stages. In addition, the results of this study indicate a significant effect of State ownership on the relationship between idiosyncratic risk and life cycle stages of firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
558 - The Effect of the Auditor Attributes and Board of Directors Structure on the Possibility of Fraudulent Financial Statements of Commercial Companies
Kasra Barzegar abbaspour Hossein Eslami Mofid Abadi Marzieh Ebrahimi ShaghaghiAbstractDetection of fraud has long been the focus of independent, internal and professional auditors, and therefore the emphasis of these professional institutions and auditing standards is on improving the organizational structure, reinforcing the internal control sys MoreAbstractDetection of fraud has long been the focus of independent, internal and professional auditors, and therefore the emphasis of these professional institutions and auditing standards is on improving the organizational structure, reinforcing the internal control system and conducting regular and regular audits to prevent the occurrence of fraud decrease and enhance the credibility of financial reports. Considering that in recent years there has been an increasing growth in fraudulent financial reporting of companies around the world, in the present study, the effect of internal factors (board of directors structure) and external factors (auditor attributes) on the probability of fraud in the financial statements of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated. Has been. For this purpose, data from 160 selected companies have been used. In order to analyze the data, the regression method of panel data with logit approach has been used. The results show that the internal-organizational factors studied in this study; the possibility of fraud in the financial statements of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange has been affected. It is also observed that the external factors considered in the study also had a significant effect on the probability of fraud in the financial statements of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
559 - The Impact of Potential Litigation Risk Motives arising from Material Errors & Misstatement in Clients’ Financial Reporting on Modified Audit Opinion
محمد حسنیAbstract Considering the importance of potential litigation risk motives in the risk-based audit process, this paper assessed the impact of annual audit adjustments and earnings management due to material errors & misstatement in clients' financial reporting on the MoreAbstract Considering the importance of potential litigation risk motives in the risk-based audit process, this paper assessed the impact of annual audit adjustments and earnings management due to material errors & misstatement in clients' financial reporting on the modified audit opinion. Research population includes 131 listed firms in Tehran Securities & Exchange over the period March 2012 till March 2020. Research Hypotheses analyzed using multivariate binary logit regression models based on firm-year observations. Findings showed that more earnings management due to misstatement in clients’ financial reporting lead to increase the likelihood of issuance the modified opinion by auditors. Also, as the prior period adjustments due to errors in clients’financial reporting increase, the likelihood of issuance the modified audit opinion has increased. In addition, the evidence suggested that the higher level of abnormal accruals and abnormal real activities to manage earnings has strengthened the positive relationship between annual adjustments and likelihood of issuance modified audit opinion. In fact, annual adjustments and earnings management as consequences of errors and misstatement in clients' financial reporting expose auditors to litigation risk, which is expected to result in more auditors effort and audit quality in risk-based audit process. In such circumstances, the auditors act conservatively in order to reduce the potential litigation risk and respond by issuance the modified audit opinion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
560 - Determining the Burnout of Real Estate Consultants based on Communication Skills and Stress Management Strategies
فرشاد علی اکبری فریبا حسنیThis study aimed to determine the burnout of Real Estate consultants based on communication skills and stress management strategies. The research design was descriptive and correlational. The study population included all real estate consultants in District 7 of Tehran MoreThis study aimed to determine the burnout of Real Estate consultants based on communication skills and stress management strategies. The research design was descriptive and correlational. The study population included all real estate consultants in District 7 of Tehran in the first half of 2020. Among them, selected 120 through the available sampling method. To collected data, used Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) stress coping strategies, Maslach's burnout (1986), and Queen Dam's (2004) communication skills questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS23 software and Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between burnout and coping skills and communication skills. Thus, it is possible to predict burnout according to t = 4.64 in problem-solving strategy, t = 3.25 in emotion-oriented approach, and t = 4.27 in communication skills. Therefore, it is recommended to help reduce burnout in this group by providing practical training in increasing communication skills and problem-oriented stress coping strategies and reducing emotion-centered stress coping strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
561 - Relativistic Stellar Models with Quadratic Equation of State
Manuel Malaver Hamed Daei Kasmaei -
Open Access Article
562 - Mathematical Model for the Effects of Intervention Measures on the Transmission Dynamics of Tungiasis
JAIROS SHINZEH Livingstone Luboobi -
Open Access Article
563 - FINITE POPULATION SINGLE SERVER BATCH SERVICE QUEUE WITH COMPULSORY SERVER VACATION
Rathinasabapathy Kalyanaraman R. Mahalakshmi -
Open Access Article
564 - ANALYSIS OF RENEWAL INPUT STATE DEPENDENT VACATION QUEUE WITH $N$-POLICY
Vijaya Laxmi Pikkala Suchitra Vepada -
Open Access Article
565 - Modeling charge carrier densities in solid-state nanostructured dye-sensitized solar cells
ُTahmineh Jalali Morteza Sadaghi Shahriar OsfouriDye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a newer generation of solar cells that, although they have lower efficiency compared to silicon-based solar cells, have a high potential for improved efficiency. Due to their better cost-effectiveness, they can replace silicon-base MoreDye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a newer generation of solar cells that, although they have lower efficiency compared to silicon-based solar cells, have a high potential for improved efficiency. Due to their better cost-effectiveness, they can replace silicon-based solar cells in the market if their efficiency and stability increase. The design and development of DSSCs have involved not only experimental and laboratory work but also numerical modeling. The aim of this work is to design and numerically model dye-sensitized solar cells based on a nanostructured semiconductor layer with a wide bandgap (titanium dioxide) and zinc oxide as the electron transporter, N719 dye as the absorber layer, and PEDOT:PSS and P3HT as hole transport materials. In this research, the advanced software CAMSOL with extensive capabilities is used for the design of dye-sensitized solar cells, and the current-voltage characteristics and optical absorption of the cell are calculated, which are in agreement with experimental data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
566 - Optical and Dielectric studies in zirconium(IV) tungstate nanoparticles prepared by chemical coprecipitation method
Beena Bhaskaran Manoj Sadanandan, -
Open Access Article
567 - Numerical analysis of the optimal catalyst distribution in created unsteady state conditions
Yacine Benguerba Brahim Djellouli Lemnouer Chibane Lahcene Bencheikh -
Open Access Article
568 - The effect of macroeconomic variables on total efficiency of the securities market Approach using state - space
A. Hortamani M. Karimkhani M. AbdoliOne of the important issues of Economic and financial researchers are the issue of the effect of economic variables on stock market performance. Because investors have different combinations of cash in their portfolios of financial assets, Shares, bank deposits, bonds, MoreOne of the important issues of Economic and financial researchers are the issue of the effect of economic variables on stock market performance. Because investors have different combinations of cash in their portfolios of financial assets, Shares, bank deposits, bonds, Gold and currency are Maintain Changes in monetary, exchange rate, inflation and interest rates, Individuals, demand is affected to hold each of assets including demand for the stock. This in turn affects the equities. It is believed that the price of the stock by some fundamental economic variables such a Inflation rate, exchange rate, interest rate and liquidity, are determined. In this study, the effects of three important economic variables, such as inflation, money supply, exchange rate returns on the market index is investigated. Period of time between contract research (2007-2012) and using a state - space have been analyzed. State-space model is a useful tool for dynamic system state variables are unobserved the results of the econometric models used to study space - the show. There is no Significant and positive relationship between inflation and the liquidity and efficiency of the stock exchange. Also there is significant negative correlation between the rate of return on the stock exchange there. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
569 - An Approximate Solution for Glucose Model via Parameterization Method in Optimal Control Problems
Mohammad Gholami baladezaei Morteza Gachpazan Saedeh Foadian Hosein Mohammad-Pour Kargar -
Open Access Article
570 - The Oxidative Stress State in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients with Different Medications Types
Israa Harjan Mohsen Mohammed Abed Jawad Abed J. Kadhim Mona N. Al-Terehi -
Open Access Article
571 - Corporate Social Responsibility and Compare Financial Statements
Babak Jamshidinavid Maryam MansouriProvision and presentation of quality information is a prerequisite for decision making by stakeholders of business units. One of the features of this information is having the ability to compare with other peer companies, as one of the quality features of this informat MoreProvision and presentation of quality information is a prerequisite for decision making by stakeholders of business units. One of the features of this information is having the ability to compare with other peer companies, as one of the quality features of this information. Social responsibility can affect the qualitative characteristics of financial reporting. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and the ability to compare financial statements as one of the most important features of financial reporting. To achieve the purpose of the study, the composite data of 114 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2010-2020 were analyzed using multivariate linear regression. Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between corporate social responsibility and the ability to compare financial statements. Based on these findings, it can be said that social responsibility obliges company managers to adhere to their ethical commitments and provide accurate and quality information to their stakeholders. To do this, they use quality and similar standards and procedures that help reduce information asymmetries at the company level, employees, stakeholders, peer companies and even the capital market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
572 - Investigating the effect of economic uncertainty on the relationship between comparability of financial statements and the stock price crash risk in Tehran Stock Exchange
Zeinab Rezaei fatemeh kiyaniThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of economic uncertainty criteria on the relationship between the financial statement comparability and the stocks price crash risk in companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. To measure stocks price crash risk, th MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of economic uncertainty criteria on the relationship between the financial statement comparability and the stocks price crash risk in companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. To measure stocks price crash risk, the criterion of negative stock skewness was used and to measure the economic uncertainty, three indicators of inflation rate changes, exchange rate changes and economic growth rate changes were used. For this purpose, data related to 119 companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange for the period from 2014 to 2020 have been analyzed. The research regression model has been investigated and tested using the panel data method with a random effects approach. The results showed that in conditions of economic uncertainty, stocks price crash risk increased and economic uncertainty criteria moderate the negative relationship between financial statement comparability and stocks price crash risk. In addition, the results showed that improving the quality of financial statement comparability facilitates investors’ access to some information not disclosed by company managers, and therefore managers' motivation to accumulate bad news is reduced, resulting in stocks price crash risk. The effect of the sudden release of bad news is reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
573 - The effect of managers' experience and influence on the relationship between fraudulent financial statements and the quality of financial reporting of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
abdolrasoul rahmanian koushkaki ensieh navidiThe present study examines the relationship between fraudulent financial statements and the quality of financial reporting with emphasis on the effectiveness of the experience and influence of managers in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present study MoreThe present study examines the relationship between fraudulent financial statements and the quality of financial reporting with emphasis on the effectiveness of the experience and influence of managers in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present study is applied and from a methodological point of view, causal (post-event) correlation. The statistical population of the study is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 131 companies were selected as the research sample and were examined over a period of 7 years between 1391 and 1397. Findings showed that there is an inverse and significant relationship between financial statement fraud and the quality of financial reporting, between managers 'experience has no effect on the relationship between fraudulent financial statements and financial reporting quality, and also, managers' influence on the relationship between fraudulent financial statements and quality Financial reporting has a positive and significant effect. Therefore, it is concluded that influential managers can increase or decrease the quality of their financial reports by controlling fraud factors and managing earnings in financial statements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
574 - Synthesis of Lanthanum Hexaaluminate (LaMgAl11O19) Powder in order to plasma spary coating on the nickel superalloy as Thermal Barrier coating
mohammad mehdi khorramirad محمد رضا رحیمی پور سید محمد مهدی هادوی کوروش شیروانی جوزانیLanthanum hexaaluminate (LaMgAl11O19) as a new thermal barrier coating due to the properties and superior features is selected as a preferred composition instead of yttria -stabilized zirconia (YSZ) Composition. In this paper, synthesis of this composition by solid stat MoreLanthanum hexaaluminate (LaMgAl11O19) as a new thermal barrier coating due to the properties and superior features is selected as a preferred composition instead of yttria -stabilized zirconia (YSZ) Composition. In this paper, synthesis of this composition by solid state reaction method was investigated then it was prepared to coat by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) method. Scanning electron microscope with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS), differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize of the synthesized powder, granules and free standing as-sprayed LaMgAl11O19 coating. In this research first, α-Al2O3 powder was used as a raw material. The results showed that this material was not suitable for the synthesis of this compound. Therefore γ-Al2O3 powder was used. As a result of that, a single phase compound with plate-like morphology was formed and the synthesis temperature was 1330 Cº. Also α-Al2O3, LaAlO3 and MgAl2O3 compounds were formed at 850-1100 ºC that the final phase transformation was occurred due to reaction between these three compounds. From the phase analysis results, it can be concluded that the main role of γ -Al2O3 phase in structure is to reduce the synthesis temprature of MgAl2O4 spinel phase to a temperature of less than 1100 ºC. Also chemical analysis results of granules and APS coating with optimal parameters indicated the existence of single phase structure and the second phase was not found. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
575 - Effects of α1- and α2-adrenoceptor agonist and antagonist in the dorsal hippocampus on cannabinoid state-dependent memory
اعظم مشفق پروین بابایی مرتضی پیری شهربانو عریان بهرام سلطانی محمدرضا زرین دستCannabinoids are a class of psychoactive compound that produce a wide range of effects in different number of species. The present study evaluated the possible role of andalpha;1- and andalpha;2-adrenergic receptors of the dorsal hippocampus on cannabinoid induced amnes MoreCannabinoids are a class of psychoactive compound that produce a wide range of effects in different number of species. The present study evaluated the possible role of andalpha;1- and andalpha;2-adrenergic receptors of the dorsal hippocampus on cannabinoid induced amnesia and cannabinoid state-dependent memory in adult male Wistar rats. The animals were bilaterally implanted with chronic cannulae in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus, trained in a step-down type inhibitory avoidance task, and tested 24h after training to measure step-down latency. Post-training intra-CA1 injection of cannabinoid receptors agonist, WIN55,212-2 (0.25 and 0.5 andmicro;g/rat) induced amnesia. Amnesia induced by post-training WIN55,212-2 (0.5 andmicro;g/rat) was restored by pre-test administration of the same dose of WIN55,212-2. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of phenylephrine could not affect memory but clonidine improved memory impairment induced by WIN55,212-2. Furthermore, microinjection of phenylephrine or clonidine plus an ineffective dose of WIN55,212-2, synergistically restored amnesia induced by WIN55,212-2 . On the other hand, pre-test intra CA1 microinjection of prazosin or yohimbine 2 min before WIN55,212- inhibited pre-test WIN55,212-2 response. These results indicate that andalpha;-adrenergic receptors of the dorsal hippocampal CA1 regions may play an important role in cannabinoid-induced amnesia and cannabinoid state-dependent memory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
576 - Influence of intracerebral administration of muscarinic agents in dorsal hippocampus (CA1) on cannabinoid state-dependent memory in the step-down passive avoidance test
مرتضی پیری محمدرضا زرین دست مریم السادات شاهینIn the present study, the effects of muscarinic agents on WIN55, 212-2 induced state-dependent memory of passive avoidance task were examined in mice. One-trial step-down paradigm was used for the assessment of memory retention in adult male NMRI mice. Post-training int MoreIn the present study, the effects of muscarinic agents on WIN55, 212-2 induced state-dependent memory of passive avoidance task were examined in mice. One-trial step-down paradigm was used for the assessment of memory retention in adult male NMRI mice. Post-training intra-CA1 administration of cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN55, 212-2 (0.5 and 1 andmicro;g/mouse) decreased the memory retrieval. Amnesia induced by post-training WIN55, 212-2 (1andmicro;g/mouse) was significantly reversed by pre-test administration of WIN55,212-2 (0.5, 1andmu;g/mouse, intra-CA1), and induced WIN55, 212-2-state-dependent memory. Administration of scopolamine (4 andmicro;g/mouse) but not physostigmine (0.25, 1 and 4 andmicro;g/mouse) intra-CA1, 5 min before test by itself decreased the memory retrieval. On the other hands, the animals in which retrieval was impaired, due to WIN55, 212-2 (1andmicro;g/mouse) post-training administration, pre-test administration of physostigmine (1 and 4 andmicro;g/mouse) and scopolamine ( 4 andmicro;g/mouse) intra-CA1 24 hr after train in dayandrsquo;s test restored, memory retrieval. Furthermore animals under influence of post-training administration of WIN55, 212-2 (1andmicro;g/mouse), pre-test co-administration of non-effective doses of WIN55, 212-2 (0.25 andmicro;g/mouse) and scopolamine (1 andmicro;g/mouse), increased the restoration of memory by the WIN55, 212-2. These findings may implicate the involvement of muscarinic receptor in state-dependent memory induced by intra-CA1 administration of the WIN55, 212-2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
577 - The Inhibition of State-Dependent Learning Induced By Scopolamine Via Blockade of Dorsal Hippocampal Beta1-Adrenergic Receptors in Rats
بهاره پاکپور مجید نوائیان مرتضی پیریAdrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor MoreAdrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor antagonist on scopolamine state-dependent learning were examined in rat dorsal hippocampus. In this experimental study 155 adult male rats were anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task. In this study Scopolamine as muscarininc receptor antagonist and atenolol as andbeta;1-adrenergic receptor antagonist were used. Pre-training intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (1.5 and 3 andmicro;g/rat) impaired inhibitory avoidance memory. Amnesia produced by pre-training scopolamine was reversed by pre-test administration of the same dose of scopolamine that is due to a state-dependent effect. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) also impaired inhibitory avoidance memory.Furthermore, pre-test injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) 2 min before the administration of scopolamine inhibited scopolamine state-dependent memory.It can be concluded that the andbeta;1-adrenergic receptors of dorsal hippocampus may play animportant role in scopolamine state-dependent learning Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
578 - Influence of Ethanol on Amnesia and State-dependent Learning Induced by Scopolamine in Male Mouse
الهام حاجی زاده شیوا خضری مرتضی پیریPrevious studies show that ethanol and scopolamine induce amnesia and state-dependent learning. Based on these findings, in the present study, the effect of ethanol on scopolamine induced amnesia and state-dependent learning has been evaluated in the elevated plus-maze MorePrevious studies show that ethanol and scopolamine induce amnesia and state-dependent learning. Based on these findings, in the present study, the effect of ethanol on scopolamine induced amnesia and state-dependent learning has been evaluated in the elevated plus-maze task. In this experimental study we used adult male NMRI mice. Mice were anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the effect of ethanol on scopolamine amnesia and state dependent learning in mice was examined. Pre-training intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine induced amnesia. Pre-test administration of scopolamine or ethanol restored amnesia induced by pre-training scopolamine. Pre-test injection of ethanol by itself impaired memory but potentiated the reversal effect of pre-test scopolamine on amnesia induced by pre-training scopolamine. These results show that ethanol could influence scopolamine state-dependent learning in the dorsal hippocampus. Furthermore, the data proposed a cross state-dependent learning between ethanol and scopolamine in the mouse dorsal hippocampus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
579 - The Inhibition of State-Dependent Learning Induced By Scopolamine Via Blockade of Dorsal Hippocampal Beta1-Adrenergic Receptors in Rats
بهاره پاکپور مجید نوائیان مرتضی پیریAdrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor MoreAdrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor antagonist on scopolamine state-dependent learning were examined in rat dorsal hippocampus. In this experimental study 155 adult male rats were anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task. In this study Scopolamine as muscarininc receptor antagonist and atenolol as andbeta;1-adrenergic receptor antagonist were used. Pre-training intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (1.5 and 3 andmicro;g/rat) impaired inhibitory avoidance memory. Amnesia produced by pre-training scopolamine was reversed by pre-test administration of the same dose of scopolamine that is due to a state-dependent effect. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) also impaired inhibitory avoidance memory.Furthermore, pre-test injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) 2 min before the administration of scopolamine inhibited scopolamine state-dependent memory.It can be concluded that the andbeta;1-adrenergic receptors of dorsal hippocampus may play animportant role in scopolamine state-dependent learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
580 - Investigating the combined effect of endostatin along with endometrial stem cells expressing TSP-1 anti-angiogenic gene on angiogenic induce factors on the treatment of prostate cancer in rats
hossein Attar shakeri Esmail Fattahi Mohammadreza Nowroozi Seyed Ali Momeni Abbas PiryaiProstate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. Androgen ‎deprivation therapy has been identified to induce oxidative stress in prostate cancer, ‎leading to reactivation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Thus, antioxidant therapies ‎h MoreProstate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. Androgen ‎deprivation therapy has been identified to induce oxidative stress in prostate cancer, ‎leading to reactivation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Thus, antioxidant therapies ‎have gained attention as adjuvants for this cancer. Here, we report for the first time that ‎endostatin along with endometrial stem cells expressing TSP-1 anti-angiogenic gene ‎improved androgen- phenotype and genotype in rats prostate cancer cells.‎‏ ‏Forty male ‎rats (n=8) weighing approximately 95-100 g were purchased from Pasteur Inistitute of ‎Tehran . Animals were suffered to prostate cancer by injecting LNCaP cell line for 12 ‎weeks. Prostate cancer animals were immediately received endostatin for 28 days. ‎Prostate cancer animals were received stem cell containing the Tsp-1 anti-angiogenesis ‎gene. Histological examinations were measured. The levels of IL8 and VEGF serum ‎were assayed.‎‏ ‏In group receiving cells and drug, amount and height of acinus wall folds ‎decreased compared to the patient group and the shape of the vesicles was clear and the ‎epithelial lining were cohesive and regular. The levels of IL8 and VEGF serum were ‎significantly decreased in combination group than to prostate cancer group (P≤0.01). ‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
581 - The Effect of a NSAID Drug on the Expression of Inflammatory Genes in Prostate Cancer Cells
Fatemeh Moghbeli Mohammad Morad Farajollahi Abbas Mirshafiey Monireh MohsenzadeganInflammation is a physiological process begining with tissue damage in the presence of various infectious agents, and men with symptoms of chronic inflammation in their noncancerous prostate tissue are about twice as likely as other men to develop advanced prostate canc MoreInflammation is a physiological process begining with tissue damage in the presence of various infectious agents, and men with symptoms of chronic inflammation in their noncancerous prostate tissue are about twice as likely as other men to develop advanced prostate cancer. Considering the importance of inflammatory factors in the invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer cells, we decided to evaluate the effect of the anti-inflammatory drug M2000 on two inflammatory genes involved in the invasion of cancer cells. PC3 cells were first cultured using RPMI medium with 10% FBS and 1% PenStrep. The cells were then treated with M2000 at concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/ml and after 24 hours the expression of il-8 and NF-κB were examined using real-time RT-PCR. NF-κB was assessed using real-time RT-PCR. In this study, NF-κB gene expression decreased in all treatments in RT-PCR. While the il-8 decreases in expression at a concentration of 50 μg/ml. The results of the present study showed that M2000 can reduce the expression of il-8 and NF-κB genes involved in tumorigenesis and invasion of prostate cancer cells, which could pave the way for future studies to better control prostate cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
582 - حل عددی ارتعاشات پوسته استوانهای چند لایه با لایه پیزوالکتریک
عبدالمجید کنی اکبر علی بیگلودر این مقاله رفتار ارتعاشی پوسته­های چندلایه که سطوح داخلی و خارجی آنها مجهز به لایه­های حسگر و عملگر پیزوالکتریک می­باشد بررسی شده است. ابتدا پوسته چندلایه با تکیه­گاه­های ساده به روش تحلیلی بررسی و نتایج حاصل، با نتایج به دست آمده توسط سایر محققین Moreدر این مقاله رفتار ارتعاشی پوسته­های چندلایه که سطوح داخلی و خارجی آنها مجهز به لایه­های حسگر و عملگر پیزوالکتریک می­باشد بررسی شده است. ابتدا پوسته چندلایه با تکیه­گاه­های ساده به روش تحلیلی بررسی و نتایج حاصل، با نتایج به دست آمده توسط سایر محققین مقایسه شده است. آنگاه حل عددی به روش (GDQ) برای پوسته با لایه­های پیزوالکتریک و تکیه­گاه­های ساده، با حل تحلیلی آن مقایسه شده و در ادامه انواع شرایط تکیه­گاهی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. با استفاده از معادلات حرکت، معادلات بنیادین و روابط کرنش- جابجایی، معادلات حالت- فضا حاصل می­شود که این معادلات با استفاده از تقریب لایه مجزا، به معادلات حالت- فضا با ضرایب ثابت تبدیل خواهند شد. سپس با استفاده از حل این معادلات می­توان فرکانس­های طبیعی پوسته در حالت تکیه­گاه ساده را به دست آورد. در صورتی که تکیه­گاه­ها غیر ساده باشند، حل معادلات دیفراسیل حالت- فضا به روش تحلیلی امکان­پذیر نبوده و باید از روش­های عددی کمک گرفت. روش یک چهارم تفاضلی روش عددی متداولی است که با تعداد کم نقاط نمونه، می­توان به جواب دقیق دست یافت. با استفاده از روش dq ، معادلات دیفرانسیل حالت- فضا حل شده و در نهایت با اعمال شرایط عاری از تراکشن سطوح بالا و پایین، می­توان به فرکانس­های طبیعی دست یافت. در نهایت تأثیر مستقیم و معکوس پیزوالکتریک، نسبت ضخامت لایه کامپوزیت به لایه پیزوالکتریک و نسبت شعاع میانی به ضخامت در رفتار ارتعاشی پوسته مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
583 - Providing a Framework for Formulating Desirable Vision Components: Studying Top Companies Visions
Ali Abedini kazem hasanzadeh Hamidreza YazdaniVision is the starting point of strategic planning, a desirable point in which the organization can achieve its goals and ensure the survival of the organization by creating a competitive advantage, despite the need to formulate a desirable and practical vision, but the MoreVision is the starting point of strategic planning, a desirable point in which the organization can achieve its goals and ensure the survival of the organization by creating a competitive advantage, despite the need to formulate a desirable and practical vision, but there is no a coherent framework for defining vision components. This research seeks to provide different approaches to formulate the vision of successful companies in the world. In this study, the visions of 54 successful companies in 2020, which are ranked on the Fortune site, were examined, and after analyzing the content of the companies' vision documents, 162 initial codes were counted, which were classified into 24 codes, and finally 8 key concepts were identified. Then, according to the type of competitive advantage creation process, both systemic and organizational approaches for vision development were identified. In the systematic approach, elements including inputs (strategic elements), processing (operational elements), outputs (location, geographical area, industry scope and target community), Environment (stakeholders), feedback (accountability) and in the organizational approach including internal organizational elements (strategic elements, operational and accountability elements) and external organizational (location, geographical area, industry, target community and stakeholders). Finally, we can say. The type of approach chosen to formulate a vision depends on the type of strategic thinking that governs the organization and according to organizational conditions, it can be developed step by step. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
584 - Modelling fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method to locate industrial estates based on geographic information system
Mohammad Reza Jangjoo -
Open Access Article
585 - American Academic Diplomacy Mechanisms for Attracting Iranian Academicians (1979-2017)
mohamadeaza dehshiri mehdi taheriToday, with the internationalization of higher education and the facilitation of global communication resulting from the globalization process, the use of higher education's capacity as an effective tool for national interest and soft power by countries in the world, es MoreToday, with the internationalization of higher education and the facilitation of global communication resulting from the globalization process, the use of higher education's capacity as an effective tool for national interest and soft power by countries in the world, especially developed countries, has grown more and more today; It can be regarded and interpreted as academic diplomacy The US government is seeking to establish connections with younger generation by expanding its cultural programs and academic diplomacy, creating a platform of relationship with countries' future leaders, inter allia Iran. Looking at the performance of American diplomacy in Iran over the past decades, it can be understood that US is trying to promote American values and lifestyle, to establish a west-oriented middle class, especially in the universities, and also to develop English language as a scientific and communication tool.Accordingly, understanding US experience and practice in the field of academic diplomacy towards a country such as the Islamic Republic of Iran will be important. The main question of the present article is to understand how the US academic diplomacy has attracted academicians, especially the Iranian elites? Our hypothesis is that, using its academic tools as well as educational attractiveness, the country has been able to have the largest educational exchanges around the world, and thus, to disseminate its values to academicians, simultaneously with increasing its soft power. These attractivenesses have led many Iranian scholars to study abroad especially in the United States. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
586 - The Role of Modern Media Tools in Creating the Generations Gap in Iran with a Look at the Second Step Revolution Statement
morteza moghtadaee sadegh zibakalamModern media tools that are the product of globalization and the communication and data revolution have a great and considerable role in challenging the values and norms dominating Islamic Republic of Iran. The speed of such changes is so much that it affects the life, MoreModern media tools that are the product of globalization and the communication and data revolution have a great and considerable role in challenging the values and norms dominating Islamic Republic of Iran. The speed of such changes is so much that it affects the life, growth, and maturation of the youth and causes astray of the young generation from the goals of Islamic revolution through interfering with the sociability of the young generation and isolates them from moving towards the idealized novel Islamic civilization and this leads to gaps between the generations. This article uses the theory of contradiction of primary and secondary social upbringing of Berger and Luckman and the theory of functionalism of Talcott Parsons in a descriptive-analytical method by looking at the second step statement of the revolution to the impact of the communication and information revolution on intergenerational between generations in Iran. The research method was descriptive-analytic and data collection was done through the use of library method. Our research findings showed that communication and information revolution and following that, the emerge of modern and rapid media tools such as internet, satellites, and virtual social networks, and the recess of the role of foundations such as family and school lead to interferences in sociability of the youth and causes challenges in transferring the values, social teachings, and political and cultural values from a generation to another one. The research results represented the effect of modern and fast media in creating the gap between the generations in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
587 - Examining How Influencers of Social Networks Affect Public Diplomacy
rahmat hajimineh Rasoul Mahmoodi yaminThe purpose of this research is to investigate and understand how social network influencers affect public diplomacy. Since the development of social networks has caused the growth of communication between different people and groups in various formats and forms such as MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate and understand how social network influencers affect public diplomacy. Since the development of social networks has caused the growth of communication between different people and groups in various formats and forms such as social network influencers and meanwhile, few researches about the role of these influencers have been done in public diplomacy, therefore, it is necessary to investigate the role of social network influencers in public diplomacy with regard to their special characteristics and the impact they have beyond the defined nation-states. For this reason, this research seeks to answer the main question, how do the phenomenon of social media influencers affect the public diplomacy of countries? Using the qualitative method and inductive reasoning, this research has investigated examples of the role of influencers in public diplomacy in order to know the areas and dimensions of their influence. In this regard, the main hypothesis of the article is that the influencers of social networks, due to their access to a large audience, the production of original and new content, as well as the connection with different social areas, and their specialized entry into various topics in addition to friendly communication, they have a major impact on the simplification of public diplomacy on one hand, and they have been a fundamental factor in the expansion of public diplomacy to various topics and areas on the other hand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
588 - Reform of government public system and its authority in the globalization process With an emphasis on the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran
فرامرز عطریان محمد مهدی غمامیWith the arrival of the twenty-first century, public system, national governments were the result of the Treaty of Westphalia has evolved browsing, and its exclusive authority in favor of a world order being created and lost human values addressing. Nation - state indic MoreWith the arrival of the twenty-first century, public system, national governments were the result of the Treaty of Westphalia has evolved browsing, and its exclusive authority in favor of a world order being created and lost human values addressing. Nation - state indicators seventeenth century, now in its elements in different ratios have been changes in terms of uniqueness. The changes of governments to monopolize decision-making domestic and international system of international law to nationals along with other international actors has become. The nationality of variables that sometimes the integrity of a nation - state to re-examine gives and Its intended to impose order and limitations, particularly due to questions of human rights and peace have faced. These reforms in process of building the state on the basis that it "globalization" can be named is an analysis and study. In this paper, authors legal analysis will respond to the question, "In the process of globalization, the construction requirements imposed on State and how to identify existing challenges, take advantage of opportunities?". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
589 - Iran's role in the process of state-building in Afghanistan and its impact on Iran's national security
سید حسن قریشی کرین ناصر مولایی عارف بیژنAfghanistan socially textured mosaic of ethnic, sectarian groups are numerous. The triple nature of political and Iraq, has the potential areas of tension and disintegration in itself. Internal developments in Afghanistan and the rise of the Taliban and the presence of MoreAfghanistan socially textured mosaic of ethnic, sectarian groups are numerous. The triple nature of political and Iraq, has the potential areas of tension and disintegration in itself. Internal developments in Afghanistan and the rise of the Taliban and the presence of trans-regional states in the country's developments and considerations to the interests of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Iran linked. Accordingly, any success or failure in advancing the process of nation-building in the country, requires attention to the threat posed by the Islamic Republic of Iran's National Security developments that may in the future be faced with certain risks. Therefore, to follow the developments related to restructuring and brokers in Afghanistan and gradual formation of a new political system, Afghanistan has intensified the process of transformation of the environment and the multiple effects at all levels (local, regional and international) and fields (soft and hard) is created. This article seeks to identify the role of Iran in the process of nation-building in Afghanistan and its impact on Iran's national security and the provision of appropriate strategies in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
590 - تحول گفتمانی «دولت – ملت» در گذار به ژئوپلیتیک پستمدرن (چشمانداز دولت پساسرزمینی)
sayyed hadi zarghani ebrahim ahmadiThe basically, subject About the Nation State, Reference all the basic concepts in the Geography political and Go political knowledge is assumed. From the past to the present Security is the main Worry of Nation State Is. The assumptions of this paper seek to answer the MoreThe basically, subject About the Nation State, Reference all the basic concepts in the Geography political and Go political knowledge is assumed. From the past to the present Security is the main Worry of Nation State Is. The assumptions of this paper seek to answer the question the modern geopolitical transition to post-modern geopolitical nature of security in the Nation State how is that? In fact, while the concept of security is constant, Geographical-political content its function varies with time and place. The concept of security in the modern state (Westphalia), most have a military dimension In Crosslet -border threats (in the form of threats against the integrity of the borders) is defined That is both objective and subjective aspects- But This concept in the post-modern state is different. In fact, from the perspective of postmodernists there is no such thing as absolute, so The Nation State not is absolute security commission. Mentioned Deconstruct of The entry from the bottom geopolitical actors (Environmentalists, indigenous peoples, marginalization common people Social and Economic, Human rights advocates, NGOs, Religious and ethnic minorities, feminists, etc.)Of the sidelines to focus is. So that developments on the Down Nation level (The Local) and transnational (Globalization) The advent of a form of With Nation State security features and Special Sovereignty is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
591 - In the Nature of Modern State-To an Organizational Approach
Ata Anbarani Alireza Azghandi محسن مدیر شانه چی صادق زیبا کلام مفردThe goal of this article is approaching to a touchable theoretical framework of modern state. The question is that by what kinds of approach the modern state could be studied and investigated. Besides, what are the bases and traits of modern state. In other words by whi MoreThe goal of this article is approaching to a touchable theoretical framework of modern state. The question is that by what kinds of approach the modern state could be studied and investigated. Besides, what are the bases and traits of modern state. In other words by which theoretical traits the modern state could be recognized better. The author, while giving a short introduction of macro views of modern state, knows the Organizational Approach as the most suitable view for defining the state; because it is free from the deficiencies of other approaches. The method used in this study is historical, descriptive, analytical and comparative. This study while referring to the historical development of modern state in the frame of absolutist state by laying on theoretical framework got from the ideas of Weber, Pierson and Morris, emphasis on the fact that modern state should be investigated as a political organization, so by defining its parts, the nature of modern state( basis, function, nature and traits) could be recognized, and the complexities and ambiguities on the way of defining the state could be reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
592 - Analyzing the Determinant Factors in the Military Balance of the Korean Peninsula
Hossein Shahmoradi Mohammad Hasan SheikholeslamiKorean Peninsula as an ancient and strategic land, is the place of one of the most complex and difficult riddles of the international scene and factors such as the persistence of war condition due to non-signing of a peace treaty and consent to a fragile cease fire, the MoreKorean Peninsula as an ancient and strategic land, is the place of one of the most complex and difficult riddles of the international scene and factors such as the persistence of war condition due to non-signing of a peace treaty and consent to a fragile cease fire, the continuous confrontational approach of the United States toward North Korea and its attempts to overthrow the North Korean government have made the military situation of Korean Peninsula more and more complicated. Therefore, the whole Northeast Asian region has also been affected. Meanwhile, this long-standing hostility has created several military alliances between the two Korea and global and regional powers, which in turn has a significant impact on the regional balance of power. In such a situation, the rising tensions between North Korea and the United States from the beginning of Donald Trump presidency and the accretion of threats and provocations from both sides, highlights the need for a thorough examination of the military situation on the Korean Peninsula. Research evidences suggest that in many factors, especially in quantitative terms, North Korea has a significant advantage over its southern neighbor, But South Korea has been able to significantly improve the quality of its military forces due to its military alliance with the United States. Nonetheless, factors such as unconventional weapons and missiles and also nuclear power make any conflict on the Korean Peninsula extremely dangerous. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
593 - Establishment of a missile defense shield in the Persian Gulf region and its impact on the security of the region 2001-2017
Hassan Khodaverdi Aliasghar GhaffariThe gradual deployment of the United States missile defense shield plan from Europe to the Persian Gulf region over the past decade and the establishment of radar and defensive components of this plan, in the whole Persian Gulf region both in its land and floating zone, MoreThe gradual deployment of the United States missile defense shield plan from Europe to the Persian Gulf region over the past decade and the establishment of radar and defensive components of this plan, in the whole Persian Gulf region both in its land and floating zone, has implications and also plenty consequences for regional and international systems and has aggravated the fragile security of the Persian Gulf Region. Topics such as the beginning of the arms race, the collapse of the balance of power, the blurred relations, regional instability, and the most important one the trilateral Arab, Israeli, and American alliances can be seen as the security implications of establishing the plan in the Persian Gulf region. Accordingly, the purpose of this research, by using descriptive-analytical method and collecting data with library tools, is to examine the reasons for the formation of the missile defense shield, to analyze accurately its expanding to the Persian Gulf region and its impact on the security of the region. The implementation of this project in the Persian Gulf region will have tremendous impacts on the international system at the head of the Middle East and Persian Gulf and will affect the security of this region and will be sensitive to many countries in the region, including Iran It brings about the nature and final fate of this plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
594 - An Analysis of the Effects of International Coalition Forces in Afghanistan: Opportunities and Challenges.
Ali MohamadianNearly two decades have passed since the fall of the Taliban regime and the presence of US-led coalition forces in Afghanistan. Since 2001, the international coalition forces have embraced Afghanistan's political, economic, social and security developments. The Taliban' MoreNearly two decades have passed since the fall of the Taliban regime and the presence of US-led coalition forces in Afghanistan. Since 2001, the international coalition forces have embraced Afghanistan's political, economic, social and security developments. The Taliban's defeat, the first project, and then the formation of a new government and the reconstruction and structural reforms in the political, security, economic and social fields were the main pillars of the policy of the international coalition led by the United States and some international forums in this country.Most of these axes have been implemented since the fall of the Taliban in Afghanistan. However, Afghanistan is still in a volatile situation in 2019 and after about 18 years since the fall of the Taliban and spending a lot by governments and international as well as international coalition forces. So the question of the article is that what has happened since the fall of the Taliban by the international coalition and other international fora in Afghanistan, and with what opportunities and challenges are faced?The paper, in a descriptive analytical manner, believes that the measures taken to rebuild Afghanistan are inadequate and that, due to the conflicting interests of domestic, regional, and transnational actors, there are numerous barriers to resolving various crises in Afghanistan, whose ambiguities are ambiguous. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
595 - The concept of democracy and freedom in Islamic State from the prespective of Abdulkarim Soroush and Mesbah Yazdi
Seyed Mohsen Ahmadi Abbas Salehi Najafabadi qhasem TorabiThe attempt to integrate religion and democracy is one example of struggle between tradition and modernity.this debate over the issue of democracy and religious rule began with the rise of legitimate constitutional theory against the constitutional absolutist demand.as MoreThe attempt to integrate religion and democracy is one example of struggle between tradition and modernity.this debate over the issue of democracy and religious rule began with the rise of legitimate constitutional theory against the constitutional absolutist demand.as thinkers have always argued over issues such as the authenticity of the people vote,confusion between right and obligation,legitimacy and acceptance.so Mesbah Yazdi ,with a religious perspective,and Soroush with a hermeneutic view were arranged their votes.Mesbah Yazdi regards as gruesome achievement of the story of saghifeh introduces theory of divine providence as the centerpiece of Islamic rule,while Abdule karim Soroush advocates the existence of Muslim democracy and in principle,freedom and equality are known as the essantial of his theory of democracy.this essay noticed the relationship between religion and democracy from Soroush and Mesbab Yazdi views. Key words;Islamic state freedom,legitimacy,democracy. the story of saghifeh introduces theory of divine providence as the centerpiece of Islamic rule,while Abdule karim Soroush advocates the existence of Muslim democracy and in principle,freedom and equality are known as the essantial of his theory of democracy.this essay noticed the relationship between religion and democracy from Soroush and Mesbab Yazdi views. Key words;Islamic state freedom,legitimacy,democracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
596 - Educational Institution and the Need to Adopt a comprehensive identity Policy to Strengthen National Identity in Iran
Majid Abbaszadeh MarzbaliThis article seeks to answer the question of how the institution of education can strengthen national identity in Iran. In general, according to this study, the institution of education as one of the most important factors in the transmission, development and promotion MoreThis article seeks to answer the question of how the institution of education can strengthen national identity in Iran. In general, according to this study, the institution of education as one of the most important factors in the transmission, development and promotion of culture, plays a key role in strengthening national identity and therefore no country, including Iran, can not benefit from this institution, To strengthen national identity. But the main point here is that this institution has weaknesses and shortcomings in the field of identity policy in the Islamic Republic, which has negatively affected its functioning in the field of promoting national identity. In general, the model of identity policy in the educational institution in the mentioned period, due to selectivity and one-sided emphasis on the Islamic dimension of national identity, has not been able to strengthen the tendency of many Iranians towards national identity as it should be. As a result, the strength of Iran's national identity will help. This has made it necessary to adopt a comprehensive and appropriate identity policy in this institution. Accordingly, the State of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as the custodian of education and training in Iran, can only adopt a non-selective identity policy in the institution of education in which attention is paid to all elements and components of Iran's national identity. It can help increase Iranians' belonging to their national identity and thus strengthen Iran's national identity. It should be noted that this article uses a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
597 - Civil disobedience as an opportunity for accountable governments and good citizens
hamid vatankhah Mohsen Zarifkar Fard hamid zarabi Roohollah RahimiOne of the most important issues for public law and political science theorists is how to regulate the relationship between government and citizens and why all kinds of social actions against the government. The question is, if governments replace the "Rule by Law&rdquo MoreOne of the most important issues for public law and political science theorists is how to regulate the relationship between government and citizens and why all kinds of social actions against the government. The question is, if governments replace the "Rule by Law” with the “Rule of Law", how can citizens force governments to cancel or amend their performance or reform their actions? Civil disobedience is one of the effective methods in this regard. The findings of this research indicate that acceptance of civil disobedience as an opportunity for continuous improvement of laws and regulations and government decisions and adequate and transparent response to the social demands of citizens should be the criterion for the behavior and performance of both government and citizens. In a way that neither public security is threatened nor the rights and freedoms of citizens are ignored. If governments want to enact laws and regulations regardless of social realities and the demands of the people, civil disobedience is an appropriate and effective way for citizens to deal with them. So law-abiding and accountable governments consider civil disobedience as an opportunity to take advantage of constructive criticism from good citizens who are not indifferent to the political and social fate of society and stand up to the government and the community knows responsible and committed. Library method was used to collect data and descriptive-analytical method was used for correct analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
598 - The unilateral performance of the United States and the European Union in the international arena
Mehdi Ashtari Ali Pourghasab Amiri Fakhrodin AbooyeGovernments set their own standards and regulations within the country and enforce them within their territory, but when the scope for implementing or influencing decisions goes to the international level, it is possible to intervene and comment on the establishment and MoreGovernments set their own standards and regulations within the country and enforce them within their territory, but when the scope for implementing or influencing decisions goes to the international level, it is possible to intervene and comment on the establishment and enactment of laws and norms. Unilateralism occurs, unilateralism occurs. After the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States, along with European countries, especially Western Europe, has become a new international arena, which after a while with various events in various places, intervened politically, legally, militarily and economically, violating international law. No country, not even the United States, which has a hegemonic role, or the European Union, can intervene in the affairs of other countries, except in one case, according to the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of countries, to which the United Nations is committed. The exception is the issue of humanitarian law, which should not be unilateral and arbitrary with the permission of the Security Council, while the United States openly violates international trade laws, arbitrarily intervenes militarily in various parts of the world, and political institutions. - Domestic law condemns countries Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
599 - The effect of cyberspace in reducing the tendency of Iranian users towards national identity and the need for adopt a Favorable media policy
Majid Abbaszadeh MarzbaliCyberspace as an emerging reality with its functions and shaping cross-border interactions, has been able to affect various aspects of human life, one of the most important of which is the field of national identity. The argument here is that borderless communication in MoreCyberspace as an emerging reality with its functions and shaping cross-border interactions, has been able to affect various aspects of human life, one of the most important of which is the field of national identity. The argument here is that borderless communication in cyberspace has led to changes in people's attitudes toward their national identity, and has therefore left many societies in the throes of a national identity crisis. The main point here is that cyberspace has also influenced the tendencies towards national identity in Iran, so that as a result of this influence, many Iranians have been exposed to fundamental questions about their national identity. In other words, the expansion of cyberspace and Increasing its use in Iran has been able to reduce the tendency of many Iranian users to their national identity. This situation has made it necessary for the State of the Islamic Republic to adopt appropriate policies in various fields in order to meet this challenge, which is one of the most important areas, the field of media. The present study believes that the State of the Islamic Republic, by reforming its approaches and policies in relation to broadcasting organization and cyberspace, can help strengthen the tendency of members of Iranian society to their national identity and prevent a national identity crisis in the country. It should be noted that the method of this article is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
600 - Examining Iran-Europe relations before and after the US withdrawal from JCPOA
yaser kahrazeh Abolfazl ArasetehToday, in the field of international relations, countries of the world, in order to reduce conflicts and disputes, as well as to strengthen exchanges between them, try to establish international agreements in various political, economic, cultural and social fields. The MoreToday, in the field of international relations, countries of the world, in order to reduce conflicts and disputes, as well as to strengthen exchanges between them, try to establish international agreements in various political, economic, cultural and social fields. The Comprehensive Joint Action Plan (CJAP) between Iran and the G5 countries (US, Russia, China, France, Britain and Germany) in Vienna is an example of this agreement. The present study, which is conducted by descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question of what were the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Europe before and after the withdrawal of the United States from Barjam? The present study has tested the hypothesis that after the approval of Barjam. The political and economic relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran with European countries have enjoyed a relative improvement but because of US sabotage, European relations with Iran have been based on conservatism and fear from the beginning and after the withdrawal of the United States from the Barjam agreement, European countries, with the withdrawal of their capital and economic companies from Iran, as well as the imposition of harsh sanctions, have preferred to follow US policies to adhere to the Barjam agreement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
601 - A Comparative Study of the Ideas of Jean Jacques Rousseau and John Stuart Mill regarding the Concept of Freedom
Khashayar Bourbouri Hossein-Ali Nowzari Reza ShirzadiFreedom is one of the most valuable words that have existed in human minds up to now. Freedom is the most important index of human dignity and nobility. Many of the political thinkers believe that enjoying a value and identity called freedom is the greatest index of hum MoreFreedom is one of the most valuable words that have existed in human minds up to now. Freedom is the most important index of human dignity and nobility. Many of the political thinkers believe that enjoying a value and identity called freedom is the greatest index of human dignity and identity and lack of access to freedom is the major feature of animal identity of man. This is why Rousseau, the French thinker, has considered the slavery and colonialism to be against human nature and has equaled the lack of freedom to the lack of humanity. Rousseau`s is often associated with the irrational idealism of pure and savage nature as well as the primary nature of human being. However, beyond all features, he is a complicated political philosopher who has offered a determinate form of government which is the prerequisite of human freedom within the framework of a modern society. He insists that man is a man when he is free since this freedom provides the ground for his perfection. John Stuart Mill is another western thinker claiming that the lack of freedom is equal to the lack of reason. Hence, he states that there is a close relationship between the freedom and rationality. He regards the lack of freedom as the lack of reason. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
602 - An analysis of the possibility of US military action against Iran Until before the election 2024
LOHAMAD PORGORBAN hamidreza tabshiriThe unilateral withdrawal of the US Joint Action Plan (Brajam) was imposed on the Iranian government and nation away from unilateral pressure and sanctions. Former US President Trump, by complaining about the nuclear deal, applied a maximum pressure strategy to achieve MoreThe unilateral withdrawal of the US Joint Action Plan (Brajam) was imposed on the Iranian government and nation away from unilateral pressure and sanctions. Former US President Trump, by complaining about the nuclear deal, applied a maximum pressure strategy to achieve his goals towards Iran. Credit sanctions on economic oppression and the provision of internal chaos and threatening to use coercive and military warfare as two major approaches to surrender and concession from Iran were on the agenda. The purpose of this analysis is to accommodate US military entry and attack on Iran before the 2024 presidential election. The main question is: Is there a possibility of a US military attack on Iran before the presidential election? The hypotheses that are answered by planning two scenarios, warfare factors and war deterrent factors, and on the other hand, referring to the opinions and opinions of international relations experts, on the priority, preference and power of influencing agents. The deterrent of the war as a barrier and an obstacle to the possibility of a military war against Iran. In this study, we use the analytical and qualitative method using statistics and direct interviews with international relations experts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
603 - State and society of the era of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the framework of Joel Migdal theory
Hasan Baratipour ahoura rahbar morteza manshadiThe purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the government and the society of the era of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the framework of Joel Migdal's theory. In response to the question that according to Migdal's model, what is the relationship MoreThe purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the government and the society of the era of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the framework of Joel Migdal's theory. In response to the question that according to Migdal's model, what is the relationship between the government and society in the period of the Islamic Republic? This research was carried out with a sociological approach, in the framework of Joel Migdal's theoretical consideration and in the form of a qualitative method of the government and society of Iran during the Islamic Republic, using the method of document collection of information, and based on the results, it was determined that in the mentioned period, the government of Formed formal and informal institutions, and the existence of a Weblike society, have been an obstacle for the formation of a strong and development-oriented government towards change and transformation, and the relationship between the government and society has had differences in the components considered by Migdal. Thus, the government in the components of the ability to influence the society (unsuccessful); and distribution/allocation of resources (unsuccessful), however, it has performed relatively successfully in resource extraction (successful), and in the component of social control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
604 - Model of Good Governance, Community and Government Partners to Effectively
Seyed Javad Emam Jomee Zade Amir Masuod Shahramnia Roohallah Safariyan GarmekhaniDevelopment as a key concept after World War II and from 1960 onwards was raised. From then on planning, processes and procedures both at the micro level and at the macro development in each country in order to achieve the set. In this connection, the approaches and mul MoreDevelopment as a key concept after World War II and from 1960 onwards was raised. From then on planning, processes and procedures both at the micro level and at the macro development in each country in order to achieve the set. In this connection, the approaches and multiple patterns have been proposed by theorists of social sciences. The newest approach to development is the establishment of indices of good governance. Indicators that organized social and political system on a particular format and with special system settings based on both the negative and the positive. Based on the fundamental question that arises:1- What will affect the pattern of good governance and the structure of thesocial system?2- This pattern of the social organization how affects development management? In this study, we show analytical method The indices of good governance and the establishment of synergies and partnerships between The main actors of development .The government, civil society and the private sector will be organized Accessorysociety and efficient government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
605 - Human Rights and Citizen Rights on the Opinion of the Middle Eastern Islamic States with Emphasis on the Iranian Constitution
Amir SajediHuman rights and Citizen Rights are both derived from natural and inherent rights of all people and historically have been uniquely addressed among the various world thinkers and by the various schools of religious thought. It is unfortunately true however that un MoreHuman rights and Citizen Rights are both derived from natural and inherent rights of all people and historically have been uniquely addressed among the various world thinkers and by the various schools of religious thought. It is unfortunately true however that until the end of the Second World War the idea of human rights did not find a place in a wider arena of thought. Although with the declaration of human rights in 1948 and owing to other related conventions, human rights became a world-wide phenomena and many governments in the Middle-East still have not accepted all its clauses. These governments having stated that some aspects of the world human right laws are at odds with the Koranic teachings balk at carrying out their duties with respect to human and citizen rights. Citizen’s rights are those class of people’s rights which are given as national rights according to the constitution of relevant countries and as such cover only the citizens of the relevant nations. The passage of the constitution of the I.R.I encompassing sections 19, 23, 24, 26, 32, 47, ... which had contained the equal rights and citizen’s rights had generated great hope that the people of Iran will again after much time regain their human rights and citizen’s rights. The manner that these rights are accepted and are made to coexist with the Sharia and the way the populace of the nations in the Middle East are taught and informed on their quest for human rights and citizen’s rights are among the most noteworthy guides of their governments in carrying out its relevant duties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
606 - The Role of Higher Educatio in US Cultural Diplomacy: Emphasis on Performance in Iran
Mohammad Reza Dehshiri Mahdi TaheriDue to the capacity of universities and higher education capacities in cultural diplomacy will be very important. This is the same issue that refers to academic diplomacy. Can be said for countries like Iran that significant capacity in the academic and scientific, and MoreDue to the capacity of universities and higher education capacities in cultural diplomacy will be very important. This is the same issue that refers to academic diplomacy. Can be said for countries like Iran that significant capacity in the academic and scientific, and this issue needs more attention to it. According to international experience in the capacity of higher education to cultural diplomacy and policy in this regard could contribute to faster along the road. Different countries according to their economic and cultural power, the cultural and educational exchange programs have invested. America's most prominent and most successful countries in this regard the United States. Through cultural diplomacy programs such as student exchanges and scholarships, Education International projects for foreign visitors, lecture programs, arranged for journalists, English language development, etc., the United States is in transition values and ethical principles. In this context, the United States of America has two major functions, one English and the other quality higher education system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
607 - Political Development and Modern Policy: Challangs of Political Development in Contemporary of Iran
Khosro VafaiePolitical development has been associated with a variety of injuries and the challenges faced. The origin of the main challenges in our society, politically incorrect understanding of the development of modern policy . In fact, if you understand the significance of the MorePolitical development has been associated with a variety of injuries and the challenges faced. The origin of the main challenges in our society, politically incorrect understanding of the development of modern policy . In fact, if you understand the significance of the relationship between these two categories is not available, you may develop between the political and policy practitioners, conflict and conflict arise in the works and its adverse consequences, in addition to the two political agents, our society also learn. Politicians flourish without regard to the objectives and work liberals, their performance goals are not simply ignore. This one-sided view of the two groups is more or less at times in the history of political developments in Iran has shown themselves to be effective and to a process of political development in Iran has become more serious ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
608 - The impacts of Disagreements between European Union Member States Over this Union’s Positions in the World System
Seyed Hassan Mir FakhraieEuropean Union (EU) is one of the most important and coherent state-based unions in both political and economic dimensions, that has taken great strides in further convergence and coordination and also in expanding its sphere of influence; Although it brought in a MoreEuropean Union (EU) is one of the most important and coherent state-based unions in both political and economic dimensions, that has taken great strides in further convergence and coordination and also in expanding its sphere of influence; Although it brought in a new concept of collaboration and convergence, between states, to the literature of international relations. For understanding its position in the global system, more attention is needed actually. In this paper two main objectives shall be followed. First, what has been the impact of disagreements among members of the European Union, on its current position in the world system? And second is studying what would be the impacts of continuation of disagreements and opposing views among the members of European Union on its position, which has been imagined in a multipolar system, and also on its strategic future? A temporary response to above questions would be: The disagreements and opposing views among the members of European Union in different internal and international issues, has faced EU to a lack of functional identity, and so, its strategic role and position in the future world is in doubt and it will just remain as an economical power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
609 - Nature of the State and Its Founding Principles in the Political Philosophy of Hobbes and Locke in a Paradigmatic Narrative
Mohammad Kamali Gouki Hojjat Zamani RadHobbes and Locke as the seventeenth century English philosopher put profound impact on the political thought, As far as they can, including the founders of the political philosophy of liberalism -that is now one of the most pervasive political doctrines- And the founder MoreHobbes and Locke as the seventeenth century English philosopher put profound impact on the political thought, As far as they can, including the founders of the political philosophy of liberalism -that is now one of the most pervasive political doctrines- And the founders of the of nation-states current world system knew that the researching on the thought them make necessary. Hobbes and Locke, both in the philosophical and political thought are very similar to each other: both the empiricist and are of the companions social contract. However, though the two lived in a historical period and although it is a way to analyze a political system based on social contract theory, But the political system which was born out of a social contract, is very different. State of the Hobbes, is authoritarian government, but Locke's state is democratic political system, with popular aspects. The question of this paper is the reasons for differences in such analyze from State of the Hobbes and Locke? Asked in a paradigm framework of political thought and with content analysis method based on original works of Hobbes and Locke Is performed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
610 - The Survey of Chinese Government Role in the Development of This Country
Mahnaz Godarzi Hamid DerakhshandeUnderstanding development trends in countries that have succeeded in achieving this important Theoretical and Applied great value for policy makers and elites in developing countries. Among the successful countries in achieving development, no doubt China has been a suc MoreUnderstanding development trends in countries that have succeeded in achieving this important Theoretical and Applied great value for policy makers and elites in developing countries. Among the successful countries in achieving development, no doubt China has been a success on the road to development. The first and most important factor in the success of the country, there is a developmental state. The government, through the elite development-oriented, efficient bureaucracy and its nationalist nationalism, was able to design and implement appropriate policies and rational, Policies that were designed with the purpose of development and industrialization. The success of the pro-development efforts developmental state and administrative system. The aim of this paper is to examine the developmental state of China's development goals that are politically oriented Showed that the function of the driving force behind the development of this country songs and strategies pursued within state structures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
611 - Shale Gas and Enrgy Security in Persian Gulf
Abolghasem Taheri Alireza RostamaghaeThe country like United States presence in gas production world by shale gas production which was considered as a largest importer of LNG in the world would be one of the biggest challenge for other gas exporter countries. At the time being internal gas production in Un MoreThe country like United States presence in gas production world by shale gas production which was considered as a largest importer of LNG in the world would be one of the biggest challenge for other gas exporter countries. At the time being internal gas production in United States minimize gas price levels in Europe and Asia, so market analyzers believe that United States shift from being the world’s largest importer of gas to being a major global exporter till end of current decade. In coming years energy independence in United States will change global geopolitics that Persian Gulf would be the most sensitive area to this change. Huge oil and gas reserves in this area always were one of the major reasons of United States interest in this region. Now a third of global oil demand is supplied by this area and it put in the international focus.In this review shale gas revolution in United States and its impacts on global energy market and other countries is investigated. Specifically on one of the gravity center of world energy, Persian Gulf which rely on its oil and gas revenues highly. The theory would be that by reducing United States energy dependence energy producer especially in Middle East will face hydrocarbon resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
612 - Investigating the Mediating Role of Comparability of Financial Statements on the Relationship between Managers' Opportunistic Behavior and Investors' Divergence of Opinions
mohsen tohidloo علی بیات Ali Mohammadi VAHAB ROSTAMIBeliefs and emotional tendencies of investors can influence the direction of trading volumes and stock market prices by creating changes in the capital market environment. This paper has investigated the mediating role of comparability of financial statements on the rel MoreBeliefs and emotional tendencies of investors can influence the direction of trading volumes and stock market prices by creating changes in the capital market environment. This paper has investigated the mediating role of comparability of financial statements on the relationship between managers' opportunistic behavior and investors' divergence of opinions. This research was conducted post-event and using the causal correlation method. The companies listed to the Tehran Stock Exchange. formed the statistical population of the research, and by applying the desired conditions and systematically removing, it we used information of from 134 companies as a research sample in the period of 2014 to 2023. Divergence of investors' behavior has been calculated using the index of unexpected trading volume and managers' opportunistic behaviors have been measured by two factors of real earnings management and managers' overconfidence. The findings indicated that earnings management and management overconfidence have a direct and significant relationship with the divergence of investors' behavior. Also, the comparability of financial statements moderates the positive relationship between real earnings management and management's overconfidence on the divergence of investors' behavior regarding determining the correct figure of the intrinsic value of stocks while making investment decisions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
613 - Passivity-based design of controller and observer for a class of nonlinear systems with application to Hepatitis B Disease
shaghayegh gorji Ahmad Fakharian Rezvan AbbasiIn this paper, a strictly passive formulation has been developed to design a passive state-observer for both time-invariant and time-varying Lipschitz nonlinear systems. During this formulation, a convergence and strictly passive state-observer is provided to have passi MoreIn this paper, a strictly passive formulation has been developed to design a passive state-observer for both time-invariant and time-varying Lipschitz nonlinear systems. During this formulation, a convergence and strictly passive state-observer is provided to have passive closed-loop system. Some definitions and charts are defined here for time-invariant and time-varying systems in different scenarios. A new interconnection between passivity of subsystems and passivity/stability of the closed-loop system has been introduced from a different point of view. All definitions are organized based on the systematic method called “virtually Euler-Lagrange” form of passivation. Utilizing this form and theses definitions, make the design process simpler and straightforward, while, some conditions of design will be released due to using these definitions. The designed controller/observer has been applied to control the hepatitis B virus infection disease. The reliability of the proposed definitions are examined by using MATLAB/SIMULINK, while, the results demonstrate the ability and power of this novel approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
614 - Identify the components of genuine leadership in education and assess the current situation
mohamadreza abbaspoor Ahmad Akbari mehdi zirak Hosein momenimahmoueiThis study aims to identify the components of genuine leadership in education and assess the current situation. The present study, in terms of purpose in the field of classification research and development and in terms of how to collect the required data, is mixed in t MoreThis study aims to identify the components of genuine leadership in education and assess the current situation. The present study, in terms of purpose in the field of classification research and development and in terms of how to collect the required data, is mixed in the exploratory research group and has been done in two quantitative and qualitative phases. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative stage included professors and experts familiar with the subject of genuine leadership. Using the theoretical sampling method, 13 professors of educational management were selected as statistical samples.In the quantitative phase of the research, the statistical population includes the managers of Iran's educational departments, whose number was 716 and 118 people were selected by cluster sampling method. An interview and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to gather information. The research questionnaire consists of 45 items and 11 components. To answer the first question, the interview and the thematic analysis method were used and 11 components (inspiration, flexibility, extroversion, commitment, deep attraction, participation spirit, communication transparency, empathy, balanced information processing, ethical perspective and common vision ) has been identified.A single-sample t-test was used to assess the status of the original leadership, and the results showed that the status of the components of the original leadership was in a moderate state. Based on the results, it can be said that paying attention to the 11 components identified in this study can be effective in strengthening and developing genuine leadership among education managers. It is also important to pay attention to the commitment component to achieve the desired status of genuine leadership. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
615 - Financial sociology and the relationship between government and society in contemporary Iran
mehdi esmaeili majid tavasoli rokn abadiMany efforts have been made to explain the reasons for the formation of the construction and the nature of the state power. The reasons for the development of such a nature, due to the principles of social, political and economic construction, have led to differences of MoreMany efforts have been made to explain the reasons for the formation of the construction and the nature of the state power. The reasons for the development of such a nature, due to the principles of social, political and economic construction, have led to differences of opinion in this regard, which in most cases do not have the necessary qualities to explain and describe the current situation. In contemporary Iranian history, the state has a different foundation with European societies due to its independent nature and its origin and function. Given the socio-political changes of contemporary Iran, especially from the history of access to oil revenues, the government in Iran has evolved as a superior power over classes in its own evolution. In other words, the state's independence evolved not in the context of the competition of social forces and the balance of the class, but in the context of the weakness of classes and social groups. In this context, various ideas have been developed in the study of the construction of government in Iran and its relation to society. In this paper, we are going to look at some of the most important comments of this field on some of their theoretical inefficiencies and argue that the approach of financial sociology can better explain the relations between government and society in contemporary Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
616 - A study of the psychometric features and norm of state metacognitive index
Dordaneh Asghari Nastaran sharifiAbstract This Study is intended to evaluate the Psyhometric characteristics and norm of Metacognitive state questionnaire (MCQ) of high school students in Bojnord city. This reaserch has been done whith the hypothesis that MCQ is considered as a tool to measure the stu MoreAbstract This Study is intended to evaluate the Psyhometric characteristics and norm of Metacognitive state questionnaire (MCQ) of high school students in Bojnord city. This reaserch has been done whith the hypothesis that MCQ is considered as a tool to measure the students metacognitive states. The study population includes all male and female high school students( first period) that have been studying in publish high schools of Bojnord in the 2015-16 academic year. Of the population, 126 males and 227 fameles were selected using stage cluster sampeling. Reaserch method is Correlation-based. The data collection tool also includes test for students metacognitive state. The resuts show that the questionnaire has good validity and reliability and norm. Keywords: Psychometric characteristics, state meta-cognition, emotional creativity, cognitive creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
617 - The role of the General Command of the Police Force in the realization of the explanation jihad according to the statement of the second step of the revolution
محمد شریفانی nasrin alaviniaBackground and purpose:The command of the police force (Faraja) as the institution in charge of security and order in the society has an important role in the realization of the jihad of explanation in the society. Explanation Jihad is one of the fundamental issues for MoreBackground and purpose:The command of the police force (Faraja) as the institution in charge of security and order in the society has an important role in the realization of the jihad of explanation in the society. Explanation Jihad is one of the fundamental issues for the future of the revolution, which is the concern of the supreme leader (Madazaleh) and he has pointed out some points in this regard on various occasions.Therefore, Faraja's awareness of the conditions and factors affecting the realization of Jihad Tabbin can be the basis for reaching the desired society and the continuation of the revolution.The purpose of the current research is to present the role of the police force command in the realization of Jihad-at-Bayin according to the statement of the second step of the revolution Method: Qualitative approach and data-based theory. The required data were collected through theoretical and targeted sampling with the method of semi-structured interviews with the commanders of the police forces of Kermanshah,Hamadan,Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces and through three processes; Open, central and selective coding has been conceptualized and analyzed Findings and conclusions: The findings of the research include 330 primary concepts, 157 sub-themes and 18 main themes, the core category of which was created, "Faraja Command and Realization of Jihad-Tabbin" and the obtained paradigm model, conditions and causes, Represent the necessary factors and necessities, and in order to achieve the desired results, it is necessary for all the influencing components to provide the consequences of this by adopting the necessary strategies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
618 - An analysis of the types and examples of the apostate in Salafist jurisprudence with a focus on Ibn Taymiyyah's point of view
Hozehali bahrame maryamsadat hashemiApostasy, which means leaving the religion of Islam, is one of the fundamental concepts that has become a challenging issue among theologians, jurists and commentators since the beginning of the formation of Islam. After the death of the Messenger of God, the first prob MoreApostasy, which means leaving the religion of Islam, is one of the fundamental concepts that has become a challenging issue among theologians, jurists and commentators since the beginning of the formation of Islam. After the death of the Messenger of God, the first problem of the Caliph of the Muslims (Abu Bakr) was the attacks that started due to apostasy. Throughout the history of Islam, the concept of apostasy has become an argument for the discourse of Ahl al-Hadith and Salafism, and by using this concept, their opponents have accused themselves of apostasy and have committed many acts of violence and murder. In these days, the assassination of the apostate Salman Rushdie has once again raised the concept of apostasy in international news agencies. In the current situation, knowing the precise and far from distorted concept and nature of apostasy is a necessity. Based on this, the research is going to answer this specific question, who are the types and examples of apostates in the discourse of Salafists? With a document analysis method, he explored the Salafi texts focusing on Ibn Taymiyyah's point of view, and in the end he came to the conclusion that in the eyes of the Salafists, apostasy has a wide scope and includes many Islamic rulers and Islamic sects and sects, which has a significant meaning for the Islamic world. It is very harmful. Examples of apostasy range from denying the Most High in His Names and Attributes to attributing reprehensible attributes to mocking and mocking God and His Messenger. It includes the necessary denial of religion and the abandonment of prayer, as well as philosophers and mystics and many nobles and those who bow down to the rituals and festivals of Christians and associate with infidels and intercessors other than God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
619 - Internal Conflicts and External Pressures: The Collapse and Fall of the ṬūlūnÊd State in Egypt and Syria
masoomali panjehWith the murder of Khumārawayh in 282 AH, the glory and greatness of the ṬūlūnÊds ended, and the period of decline and collapse began. Why did the collapse and Fall come about and how did it happen? In the analysis of the collapse of the government, there are internal f MoreWith the murder of Khumārawayh in 282 AH, the glory and greatness of the ṬūlūnÊds ended, and the period of decline and collapse began. Why did the collapse and Fall come about and how did it happen? In the analysis of the collapse of the government, there are internal factors and external causes. During the last decade of their rule, the Ṭūlūnids (282-292 AH) were continuously engaged in internal conflict, among the sons of Khumārawayh and their uncles, the sons of Ibn Ṭūlūn. The children and successors of the Khumārawayh, who inherited a deserted treasury, did not have the power and experience of governance. So, the power and administration of affairs in the country was in the hand of the Commanders of the ṬūlūnÊd Army. Those commanders repeatedly betrayed the ṬūlūnÊds in the fateful moments and joined the enemy, Abbasids. The Qarmatian rebellions in Syria and the Tulonians' inability to suppress and restrain them, opened the Caliph's troops to Syria and then to Egypt, which resulted in the end of the Tulonians. Manuscript profile
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