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Open Access Article
1 - The relationship between political behaviors and strategic thinking with hypocritical behaviors in physical education teachers
omid safariThe purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between political behaviors and strategic thinking with hypocritical behaviors in physical education teachers of Kazerun city. This research was applied and descriptive and correlational. The statistical pop MoreThe purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between political behaviors and strategic thinking with hypocritical behaviors in physical education teachers of Kazerun city. This research was applied and descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research was all the physical education teachers of Kazeron city in the number of 97 people, of which 83 people cooperated with the researcher as a sample and using the total number sampling method. The tools of data collection were the standard questionnaires of Dobrin's political behaviors (1978), Goldman's strategic thinking (2005) and Danai Fred et al.'s hypocritical behaviors (2013). Descriptive statistics methods were used to describe the data, and Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression statistical methods were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between political behaviors and hypocritical behaviors, and there was a negative and significant relationship between strategic thinking and hypocritical behaviors, and the results of the research showed that political behaviors and strategic thinking have significant predictive ability. It has the hypocritical behavior of the subjects(P ≤ 0.01)ionship between strategic thinking and hypocritical behaviors, and the results of the research showed that political behaviors and strategic thinking have significant predictive ability. It has the hypocritical behavior of the subjects(P ≤ 0.01)onship between strategic thinking and hypocritical behaviors, and the results of the research showed that political behaviors and strategic thinking have significant predictive ability. It has the hypocritical behavior of the subjects(P ≤ 0.01)olitical behaviors and strategic thinking have significant predictive ability. It has the hypocritical behavior of the subjects(P ≤ 0.0olitical behaviors and strategic thinking have significant predictive ability. It has the hypocritical behavior of the subjects(P ≤ 0.0olitical behaviors and strategic thinking have significant predictive ability. It has the . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Research on Iran's Economic Future Scenarios and Its Security Impacts: Critical Uncertainty Approach
Hossein Esmaeili razi Alireza nasr esfahaniStudying and planning to achieve a better economic future, plays an important role in the thinking of economic policymakers in every country, including Iran. But the achievement to the desirable and sustainable future requires answering these questions that the Iran's e MoreStudying and planning to achieve a better economic future, plays an important role in the thinking of economic policymakers in every country, including Iran. But the achievement to the desirable and sustainable future requires answering these questions that the Iran's economy has been influenced by what factors and policies? And what factors determine the future trend of Iran's economy? Accordingly, in this research, the study on past trends of the Iran's economy and the identification of factors that affecting the Iran's economy have been considered, in order to write the scenarios for the Iran's future economy and its security impacts. For this purpose, critical uncertainty approach were used.To write the future scenarios, Iran's economic factors with critical uncertainty were identified by using questionnaires that completed by economic experts. Accordingly, two uncertainties of "international economic sanctions" and "oil price" were selected as the critical uncertainties. Based on the results of these scenarios, the Iran's economy will face a decline in economic growth in three scenarios, and in only one scenario, conditions for economic growth and development will be provided without a serious impediment. From a security point of view, in three scenarios and due to changes in the economy, Iran will face security problems with regional, transnational and internal sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Past, Present and Future of Marketing Practice: A critical Analysis
Pejman JafariMarketing consists of two different spheres including theoretical and practical. Although, theacademic aspect is quite new not more than a century but the practical aspect exists from thefirst of business history. This article is trying to introduce one of theoretical a MoreMarketing consists of two different spheres including theoretical and practical. Although, theacademic aspect is quite new not more than a century but the practical aspect exists from thefirst of business history. This article is trying to introduce one of theoretical attempts inmarketing practice.Present research is based on a critical review on typology study of contemporary marketingpractice which was developed by Coviello et al (1997) and has come to this result that if we aresupposed to have such classification scheme, a deep modification would be vital for applying indeveloping countries like Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Relationship between Biorhythm (Physical, Emotional, Intellectual, Intuitive) With Educational Performance of Students (The Case: Public Management Students in Science & Research Branch of IAU).
S. Aliakbar Ajfe R. JabbariThe present article is in response to this question that “Whether there is a relationshipbetween biorhythm and educational performance of students?” Population of this study werestudents of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch and the sample MoreThe present article is in response to this question that “Whether there is a relationshipbetween biorhythm and educational performance of students?” Population of this study werestudents of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch and the sample was the OBclass in master of public administration which included 28 students , 14 female students and 14male. During the course, 14 exams have been taken and because of absence some students insome sessions, all in all we collected 341 valid data. In this study, the biorhythm of studentshave been measured and registered in Easy-Bio software and educational performance by takeregular weekly exams in second semester 2010-2011. This study based on the empiricalresearch method in real environment and using the two techniques, qualitative (content analysis)and quantitative (comparison and correlation) have been analyzed and resulted. The collecteddata was analyzed using SPSS software and Pearson`s correlation and multiple regression, alsoused compare means and other helpful tests. The results of the research in content analysisindicated that there is a relationship between Physical, Intellectual and Intuitive cycles andeducational performance, although quantitative method didn`t prove any relationship betweenthem. Even, quantitative methods are more important because they are suitable to extent theresult of the search, but qualitative methods are more suitable for correct usage, especially in thefield of human resource. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Future Scorecard in Strategic Foresight Context
Saeed Khazaee Sahneh Mehran AslaniyanContext: Scenarios have traditionally been used to describe the possibility of replacing future developments in the external environment, which are then used to assess the current strategy and develop future strategies. However, with a shift in focus away from the marke MoreContext: Scenarios have traditionally been used to describe the possibility of replacing future developments in the external environment, which are then used to assess the current strategy and develop future strategies. However, with a shift in focus away from the market-based paradigm towards a resource-based view of strategies, scenarios can also be used to describe alternatives for internal development paths of an organization. Then, these two types of scenarios can be systematically developed and used as significant features of an early strategic warning system (Future Scorecard). This research tries to provide a systematic approach towards strategic foresight by combining internal scenarios (resource-based view) and external scenarios (market-based view) within a mechanism called the future scorecard that can be used to describe alternative ways of internal development in organizations. By studying existing literature, as well as numerous examples, tries to develop the concept of future scorecard. The findings suggest that the external (market-based) and internal (resource-based) approach to building an early strategic warning system should be combined. Objectives: This research tries to provide a systematic approach towards strategic foresight by combining internal scenarios (resource-based view) and external scenarios (market-based view) within a mechanism called the future scorecard that can be used to describe alternative ways of internal development in organizations. Methods: By studying existing literature, as well as numerous examples, this research tries to develop the concept of future scorecard. Finding and conclusions: The findings suggest that the external (market-based) and internal (resource-based) approach to building an early strategic warning system should be combined. It also showed that the future scorecard includes performance indicators, change indicators, critical market indicators, and strategy premises Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Effect of Critical Thinking Instruction on Students' Achievement
A. Khalkhali M. SadooghiThe single direct way to succeed in teaching/learning methods is whether or not circumstances that provide abetter thinking condition are taken in to account (Dewey, 1946). Critical thinking is that mode of thinkingaboutany subject, content, or problem - in which the th MoreThe single direct way to succeed in teaching/learning methods is whether or not circumstances that provide abetter thinking condition are taken in to account (Dewey, 1946). Critical thinking is that mode of thinkingaboutany subject, content, or problem - in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking byskillfully analyzing, assessing, and reconstructing it (Paul et al, 1997).Teaching "critical reading" should be at the core of any discussion of critical thinking (carr, 1990). The studywith consideration to this hypothesis that, "critical thinking instruction affects on students' achievement" ,presents a model in order to students' critical thinking assessment and studies on the effect of critical thinkinginstruction on students' achievement. Thus following hypothesizes are formed:Main hypothesis:critical thinking instruction affect on students' achievement.Derivative hypothesises:1. the quantity of effecting critical thinking instruction on students' achievement is different, regarding theirmajor field of study.2. the quantity of effecting critical thinking instruction on students' achievement is different, regarding totheir gender.3. critical thinking instruction increases students critical thinking.On the basis of topic and purpose, this study is an applied one, while it is an experimental study regardingthe procedures of data collection. In order to make the subjects of the study homogenous, a pretest-posttestdesign with a control group was used. The population of the study, includes conditioned students (those withterm average score of less than 12 [ out of 20]). Studying in the first semester of the educational calendar2005-06 in the Islamic Azad university at Tonekabon. They are studying science and humanities withvarious majors. The frequency of the population includes 485 conditioned students, from among whom 63were randomly selected as samples, using the formula 2 2 22 2. .. . .N d t sN t sR+= .30 were assigned into the experimental and 30 others, were also assigned into the control group of the study.The experimental group was divided into two sub-groups of 15 subjects: one sub-group was instructedcritical thinking and the other was instructed on unrelated topic (time management). The control group wasassigned to ordinary instruction. After the administration of the pretest and posttest, the subjects' scores incritical thinking were determined; meanwhile, their semesters average scores were taken from universityeducational office. Then the hypotheses of the study were analyzed in descriptive statistics (Mean,percentage, tables and chart) and in inferential statistics (using the spss software, T-test, Tuki and the onewayANOVA). The findings, show that first: teaching critical thinking instruction with the method presentedin the study will increase students critical thinking. Second: there is a significant relationship between criticalthinking and students' achievement: teaching critical thinking will increase students' achievement, and third,no significant difference was found in the degree of effect form critical thinking instruction on students'achievement, taking variables such as "major of study" and "gender" into consideration Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The First Critical Movement of Shiite Hadith
Mohammad Forqan GoharCritical approach of authenticity of a hadith (narration) based on specific criterion, received little attention by "Shia". It might be due to the lack of knowledge about this method during the time of the Imams (a.s) however, one can identify the first movement to look MoreCritical approach of authenticity of a hadith (narration) based on specific criterion, received little attention by "Shia". It might be due to the lack of knowledge about this method during the time of the Imams (a.s) however, one can identify the first movement to look at the written-hadith heritage using critical approach in the Shi’i Imams era. In this research, we are going to analyze the causality and the manner in which this critical movement of Shiite hadith appeared and its procedure in dealing with narrations. And also we will examine the way in which this movement interacted with the traditions through the historical-narrative method.” Identifying Ghulat (extreme exaggerators) and their role in the Shiite written heritage is the most important achievement of this critical movement. The most valuable outcome of this movement is the compilation of books which criticizing the narrators and text, the gathering of authentic Ahadith and spreading the culture of exposing Ahadith to the Imams and comparing with Quran and Sunnah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Social Problems of Nasirid Era as Reflected in Qanun-i- Qazwini
Hosian BayatlooThe political and intellectual relationships between Iran and the European countries in the mid-Nasirid period, gave rise to some kind of reformism among the elites and the intellectuals. Accordingly, there were many critical writings about turbulent socio-political sit MoreThe political and intellectual relationships between Iran and the European countries in the mid-Nasirid period, gave rise to some kind of reformism among the elites and the intellectuals. Accordingly, there were many critical writings about turbulent socio-political situation of Iran. They were written not only by the intellectuals but also by the lay people (including the artisans and businessmen). As the most interesting one is Qanun-i-Qazwini, a critical treatise by Muḥammad shafi’ Qazwini. What makes it most interesting is that the treatise was written not by an intellectual but by an artisan and businessman. This study attempted to reexamine the most important social problems of the Nasirid Time as represented by the Moḥammad Shafi. As Moḥammad Shafi pointed out, the social problems goes mainly back to the security and the economical structures. First chapter considers that how the economy would increase the social problems. The second chapter shows how the insecurity, as Qazwini said, may increase the rubbery. Using descriptive-analytical method, the author tried to explain the situation by comparing Qazwini’s studies with what happened in the Nasirid Time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Story as A Critical Text under N§sirÊd Period: Yåsuf Sh§h or Sit§rig§n-i FarÊbkhurdih by Akhåndz§deh
Hossein BayatlooThe critical texts have been expanded under Q§j§r dynasty by most Iranian critics and reformists. The various works were written under the influence of political and social developments of Iran. The works were as Siyāsatnāmeh, Rasāil- i Mashråtah, intell MoreThe critical texts have been expanded under Q§j§r dynasty by most Iranian critics and reformists. The various works were written under the influence of political and social developments of Iran. The works were as Siyāsatnāmeh, Rasāil- i Mashråtah, intellectual and Ulamā works, Maktåbāt- i Khiyāli and story. The story as a new genre showed how the writers criticized some unsatisfactory situation under Q§jar that worth to be studied carefully. Among those who were pioneered in the such cases, we can refer to Mirz§ Fath Ali Akhåndz§de who is used in Tamthil§t tried to criticize some aspects of the NasirÊd period. Apparently, the story of Yåsuf Sh§h or Sit§rig§n i -FarÊbkhurdih is the most significant critical text which he has written about Q§j§r society. In this paper the author tries to examine this story as a critical text. According to the research findings, Yåsuf Sh§h is the best story of Akhundz§de and his political and social ideas about unorganized conditions of N§sirid period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Monte Carlo simulations of the magnetic properties of a site-disordered Blume Capel multilayer spin-1 system
Amel Benmansour Nabil Brahmi Smaine Bekhechi Abdeljalil Rachadi Hamid Ez-Zahraouy -
Open Access Article
11 - Dynamics of quantum entanglement in three-spin system with cluster interaction
Zahra Noorinejad Mohammadreza Abolhassani Saeed Mahdavifar Mansoure Ilkhani -
Open Access Article
12 - Double critical coupled ring resonator-based add–drop filters
Mahdi Bahadoran Iraj Sadegh Amiri -
Open Access Article
13 - Workflow Scheduling on Hybrid Fog-Cloud Environment Based on a Novel Critical Path Extraction Algorithm
Fatemeh Davami Sahar Adabi Ali Rezaee Amir Masoud Rahamni -
Open Access Article
14 - the effect of Managers Narcissistical behavior on Hypocritical Behavior in Kermanshah Governor
رضا تقوایی ali mansori amir abas babakian elnaz khosh lesanThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of narcissism managers and their hypocritical behavior in the provincial city of Kermanshah.The study of the purpose and the method of descriptive and correlational research component and in terms of field research and qu MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of narcissism managers and their hypocritical behavior in the provincial city of Kermanshah.The study of the purpose and the method of descriptive and correlational research component and in terms of field research and quantitative data collection methods. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. The data of correlation analysis and structural equation model, available in SPSS and AMOS software packages were used.Results showed that The behavior of narcissistic executives, the highest mean belonged to the right and the lowest was related to exploitation. Among the hypocritical behavior of managers, the highest mean belonged to the absorption policy for human resources management and waste management policy towards the least related to human resources.The results suggest that narcissistic managers had direct and significant effect on the behavior hypocritical and narcissistic aspects including power management, self-superiority, exploitation, entitlement, self-sufficiency and arrogance managers in improving the level of hypocritical behavior the organization. Hypocritical behaviors had the greatest impact on the component authority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Effect of macho leadership on development of hypocritical behaviors: Explaining the mediating role of organizational silence
Seyed Abdolrasoul Hosseini امین زارعBackground: One of the important factors in the organization is the macho leadership style, which is the underlying cause of hypocritical behaviors and organizational silence. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the macho leadership style on the dev MoreBackground: One of the important factors in the organization is the macho leadership style, which is the underlying cause of hypocritical behaviors and organizational silence. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the macho leadership style on the development of hypocritical behaviors in interpersonal relations with a focus on the mediating role of organizational silence. Methodology: This study is considered as an applied research in terms of its objectives and a descriptive-survey research in terms of the methodology used to conduct the study. The research population included employees working in one of law enforcement agencies in Fars Province. The instruments used to collect the data were macho leadership questionnaire, hypocritical behavior scale, and organizational silence inventory. The collected data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Results: The test results confirmed the conceptual model of the study. A significant relationship between was found between macho leadership style, organizational silence, and hypocritical behaviors. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that macho leadership style positive and significant effect on hypocritical behaviors and organizational silence. It was also noted that organizational silence has positive and significant effect on hypocritical behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Policy capacity,Understand the Discursive field and the issue of women's political participation
zeynab mirali seyed khoondi Ali ashraf Nazari Sadegh ZibakalamBackground: Policy capacity is one of the most basic concepts in the study of public policy that addresses gaps and factors related to why policies are not implemented. In this article, the problems and shortcomings for the non-implementation of these policies in the fi MoreBackground: Policy capacity is one of the most basic concepts in the study of public policy that addresses gaps and factors related to why policies are not implemented. In this article, the problems and shortcomings for the non-implementation of these policies in the field of women's political participation at the elite level (1997-2020) explained. Then, based on the model, at three levels of conceptual-analytical, operational and political that each of these three competencies include resources or capabilities at three different levels of individual, organizational and systemic, were examined.Objective: To introduce the policy capacity as a new concept in the literature of political participation in Iran, upon which the boundaries and gaps between laws and practice can be examined.Method:This research has been done using “Q method” for classifying and scoring propositions and "critical discourse analysis". Findings:The results show that "individual" and "organizational" attitudes in the "analytical" dimension are the most important factors influencing women's political participation. Conclusion: discussion of the policy capacity based on its specific discourse space, which in the present study is women's political participation, should highlight other definitions and factors, such as cultural and ideological conditions that have a direct impact on the implementation of policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Cognitive Skills Critical Thinking in Social Networking Users (Case Study Social Telegram Network)
Sayyid Nosrat allah Nemati Far Seyed Ali Mohammad RazaviThe purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive skills of social network users in the social network of telegrams. The present study was applied in a descriptive-survey method. The statistical community consists of users of the undergraduate telegram network. In MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive skills of social network users in the social network of telegrams. The present study was applied in a descriptive-survey method. The statistical community consists of users of the undergraduate telegram network. In this research, using a randomized sampling method, 550 users responded to the questionnaire. For collecting information, 24 questions were used by the researcher on the cognitive skills of critical thinking. Data analysis is done in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS / 21 software. The results showed that the average cognitive skills among men are more than women. Also, the average of six subjective cognitive skills of critical thinking among users has been reported, respectively, analysis, self-regulation, interpretation, evaluation, explanation and inference. Among other results, there was a significant difference between the level of education of users and the use of cognitive skills of critical thinking, and there was a significant relationship between the use of telegram network and the use of cognitive skills of critical thinking. In addition, according to the regression test, the variable of education has a positive effect and the amount of use of the social networking telegram has a negative effect on the cognitive skills of users' critical thinking Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The impact of media literacy education thinking skills Eight high school students in the city of Orumiyeh critical
رقیه علیزاده جواد عبدلی زهرا حدادThe main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of media literacy education the critical thinking skills of secondary school students in the city of Orumiyeh is eighth base. Methods of testing with pre-test and post-test with control group, the population also MoreThe main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of media literacy education the critical thinking skills of secondary school students in the city of Orumiyeh is eighth base. Methods of testing with pre-test and post-test with control group, the population also includes all the basic branches of the eighth high school female students in the city of Orumiyeh.For the purposes of this study, the multi-stage cluster sampling, two classes of 16 people selected randomly one class as the experimental group and the control group were the other class. The pre-test for both groups, media literacy test case for trial was conducted by the researcher. After completion of 8 training session, again following tools as post-test, the subjects were administered. To measure the dependent variable, the California Critical Thinking Inventory (CCTST) was used. To analyze the data from the single-factor analysis of covariance (Nkva) was used. The results showed that media literacy instruction in five critical thinking skills (analysis, inference, evaluation, induction and analogy) among students has been effective Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Critical Discourse Analysis "Man of Steel"(film) Relying on the metaphysical debates on Transmodernism paradigm
Mahdi Yaghobi aliakbar Farhangi Seyyed Jamaluddin Tabibi TabibiIn the twenty-first century, cinema, as the seventh art, continues to play an important role in transmitting the message. The combination of scientific and art paradigms has contributed to their participation in the process of content creation and the transfer of concep MoreIn the twenty-first century, cinema, as the seventh art, continues to play an important role in transmitting the message. The combination of scientific and art paradigms has contributed to their participation in the process of content creation and the transfer of concepts that have a multi-faceted relationship with both fields. In the meantime, cinematic linkage with dominant paradigms at any time as a source of productive content with special capabilities in the production and presentation of concepts has become popular and has attracted many audiences. In this research, the author seeks to represent the metaphysical signs of the new Trans-modernism paradigm in Zack Snyder's "Man of the Paladin". In this regard, the search for metaphysical elements and the discovery of hidden semantic and ideological layers in the film, based on the theory of critical discourse analysis of Freclough, has been carried out with the approach of PADM. The methodology used to collect the metaphysical concepts of the modern trans-modern paradigm is descriptive-analytic. By analyzing the discourse of the film, the author concluded that the metaphysical discourse featured in Steel Man film represents the discourse of the new modern Trance paradigm. Of course, discursive practices such as mythology, savior, future represent a part of the ruling discourse that can not be regarded as ruling discourse. The findings of the research reveal the most important factors affecting the emergence of a new field in the third millennium for human beings with the Trans-modernism Paradigm approach and its impact on Hollywood cinema Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Way of Using Socio- Semantic Features to Identify Social Actors in National and International Newspapers about Iran's Nuclear Program.
Giti Taki Maryam NakhaeiCritical discourse analysis basically is the way of representation of social and political events in language. It makes visible the common – sense social and cultural assumptions which below the level of conscious awareness, are embedded in all forms of language t MoreCritical discourse analysis basically is the way of representation of social and political events in language. It makes visible the common – sense social and cultural assumptions which below the level of conscious awareness, are embedded in all forms of language that people use. In this regard and based on critical discourse analysis, Van Leeuwen (1996) has presented a theoretical framework with socio – semantic features, as representation of social actors, which is for analyzing text. Based on the theory, this study will try to analyze the using of four features of the theory, personalization, impersonalization, association, differentiation, in a selection of national and international newspapers' headlines about Iran's nuclear program during 2001-2012. The study will answer this question that whether national and international newspapers use these features to represent social actors and is there any difference between them in using these features? To do this, 242 headlines of two national newspaper, Keyhan and Iran, and two international newspaper, The Washington post and The Guardian were selected and analyzed by using an analytical- descriptive method. The findings showed both national and international newspapers the features in representation of social actors about Iran's nuclear program but each group uses them differently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Political Climate of Iranian Cinema from 1991 to 2001; Spoken Discourse Analysis of the Movie “the Dead Wave”
Muhammad Hassan Hashim Khanlou Hassan BashirThis article is conducted by leveraging Fairclough’s framework for Critical Discourse Analysis to analyze the representation of Iran’s political context from 1991 to 2001 in the movie, The Dead Wave (2001) written and directed by Ebrahim Hatamikia. The crite MoreThis article is conducted by leveraging Fairclough’s framework for Critical Discourse Analysis to analyze the representation of Iran’s political context from 1991 to 2001 in the movie, The Dead Wave (2001) written and directed by Ebrahim Hatamikia. The criteria for choosing this particular movie was its wealth in representing Iran’s political, social and ideological conditions. After reviewing the present wings and political groups at the years leading to the time of production of this text, this research will attempt to determine the movie’s position towards their competing discourses. Disregarding some aspects of the movie in the analysis process (such as images, music and tones of dialogues) due to practical limitations, after extracting discourse types (and their interpretation of situational and intertextual contexts) from the dialogues of the characters of the Dead Wave and their actions in the story and then explanations of these discourse types in respect of power relations in the time of production of the text, It has been claimed that this movie by reminding the history of involvement of the US government in Iran-Iraq war and especially shooting down the Iranian passenger aircraft of flight 655, with criticizing the performance of the then-current administration in foreign affairs and the alteration of position toward that country and the subculture and actions of the Iranian young generation, defends the dominant idealism from 1981 to 1991 in Iran and the traditional values of this country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Analyzing the Identity and Other Circuits in the Moderationist Discourse (Case Study: the Campaign Films of the 11th and 12th Presidential Elections)
Somaye Shokati MoqarabThis study is about to comparatively investigate how identity is represented in the campaign films of the 11th and 12th presidential elections in June 2013 and May 2017. This study is based on a question that “in the process of the 11th and 12th presidential elect MoreThis study is about to comparatively investigate how identity is represented in the campaign films of the 11th and 12th presidential elections in June 2013 and May 2017. This study is based on a question that “in the process of the 11th and 12th presidential elections, how identity is articulated in the campaign films of the hegemon candidate and it has been produced and reproduced with what kind of signifiers, elements and processes?” In order to answer this question this claim is proposed that in the process of the two periods of the presidential elections, the elected discourse has articulated his campaigns on the base of presenting a special formulation of its ideology in the context of which self and other are presented in a special way in the shade of the nodal signifier and reflect their borderlines with other discourses positively or negatively. The theoretical base and the methodological framework of this research are planned on defining three levels. The micro-level is based on linguistic mechanisms like explicit and implicit implication and intertextuality. In the middle level, concepts are gained through linguistic investigations and in order to reach the macro concepts, the approaches of Laclau and Mouffe and Norman Fairclough have been used. According to the findings, the Moderationist discourse in both of its presidential campaigns, being based on negative and other-making approach drew its identity borders and through backgrounding, positively represents itself. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Critical Discourse Analysis of Persian-language BBC Media (Case Study: Weekend Page 2)
Sina Tofangchi Hajar KazemiThe purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the discourse techniques used in the "Weekend Page 2" program distributed from the Persian-language BBC network in the years 94 and 95. Attempted to first discover discursive techniques through discourse techniques MoreThe purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the discourse techniques used in the "Weekend Page 2" program distributed from the Persian-language BBC network in the years 94 and 95. Attempted to first discover discursive techniques through discourse techniques and discourse, then analyze the program using the critical discourse analysis method. The results of the study indicate that the program benefited from discourse hostilities between program guests, the rejection of various discourses, such as political Islam and the creation of meanings consolidated by induction and propaganda discourse. As well as the Persian-language BBC in the context of this strategy, the Concept, using contradictory structures, censorship and discursive plot designs, seeks to build semantic frameworks for its audience. Such as the undemocratic and separatist Islamist republicanism, as well as trying to ask many of the meanings fixed in the minds of its audience, which ultimately leads to the success of the major policies of the program, the network and the completion of the British media diplomacy puzzle for Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - A Critical Approach to Terrorism phenomenon: Traditional and Critical Theories
Keyhan Barzegar Rahmat HajiminehAs with any academic field, terrorism studies is in large part constituted by an identifiable and fairly consistent set of sharedassumptions, narratives and labels about its primary subject as well as an accepted body of knowledge-generating practices.These narratives, MoreAs with any academic field, terrorism studies is in large part constituted by an identifiable and fairly consistent set of sharedassumptions, narratives and labels about its primary subject as well as an accepted body of knowledge-generating practices.These narratives, assumptions and knowledge-generating practices function to define the field’s ontological, epistemological,methodological and ethical-normative approaches which can be found in much of the field’s primary output, particularly byits leading scholars. Since, nowadays there is a great knowledge about different dimensions of terrorism that should bestudied in term of interdisciplinary and analytical matters. In this regard, we can address about formation of critical terrorismwhich attempts to explain terrorism phenomenon. So, the main question of this paper is that if critical approach couldestablish a comprehensive frame for studying terrorism as it did in other fields. For this aim, by applying critical approach toterrorism in two steps, including; deepening and broadening terrorism research shows that such critical view not only revealshortage of dominant traditional paradigm such as, lack of self- reflexivity, lack of contextualization, ahistoricity, statistbias, media censoring, dearth of fieldwork and so on, but also provides more comprehensive framework for terrorismstudies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Iran contemporary architecture and the problem of identity (a realistic representation of the post-modernism critical reading in architecture)
Amir Davood Maslahatjoo Maryam Ghasemi Sichani Vahid Ghobadian Biajn AbdolkarimiPost-modernism is the dominant aspect of the cultural belief of the time that re-frames all actions and constructs distinct ideas of experiences and conditions at the deepest levels and everything that can be known about the contemporary world; As long as the centralize MorePost-modernism is the dominant aspect of the cultural belief of the time that re-frames all actions and constructs distinct ideas of experiences and conditions at the deepest levels and everything that can be known about the contemporary world; As long as the centralized power gives way to a discrete plurality, and bring to the fore a manifestation of contemporary identity in the current era. This research - which has been done using the qualitative method and the grounded theory approach - with the general purpose to analyze and interpret the identity of Iran contemporary architecture based on post-modernity and critical thought, looking for an answer to this question, How can identity, as a critical approach, have an effect on the recognition of post-modern architecture - especially in the Iran contemporary era? In this research, the systematic approach known as Strauss and Corbin's theory (2019) was used to analyse the data. According to the classification of Corbin and Strauss (2022), the systematic approach has three stages of open coding (concepts), axial coding (Casual Conditions, Actions & Interactions, Context, Intervening Conditions and Consequences) and selective coding. In the collection and extraction of the main categories and sub-categories, from the documentary and citation resources and the interview tools have been used. The special emphasis of the research is on the views and opinions of those professors and architects who work both academically and professionally. Hence, the research data has been compiled and analysed in semi-structured interviews. The responses at the highest saturation level reached relative saturation in the 17th interview. The interview process is continued until the 25th to ensure the data and obtain absolute saturation. The content of data was coded by Strauss and Corbin coding method in three stages (open, central and selective). In the coding process of 17 interviews, the frequency of the 5969 coded items, was reduced to 317 open codes from the frequency ratio of 1337 codes after refining and merging. The obtained codes, in the number of 53 axial categories and 8 selective categories, were related to the axial theme of Iran Contemporary Architecture Identity. The Observations Percentage Agreement of 90.37% indicates relatively complete reliability and coverage of criterion level of more than 0.6 of Kappa coefficient, describing validity as ideal. Therefore, the research quality index is acceptable, and the reliability and validity of the research are confirmed. The research results can be valuable and interpreted by examining the criteria of matching, generalization, understanding, and control. The findings show that the result of summarizing the causal variables of the research in the mediating conditions of the existing situation, provides an event that in a fundamental attitude, between the (narcissism to self-defeat) truth and (self-belief) Iranian essence, and in a historical discourse, between a re-reading of what exists and a re-presentation of what should exists, in a Preventive (and not Mandatory) form and in a reading of a critical realism and feedback interpretation of self-reflection evaluation from the feedback of others, they recreate the way of being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The relationship between visual factors of urban space and behavioral patterns (study site: Shahrdari square, Rasht, Iran)
Ameneh Kamvarshalmani simin hanachiCity as a live and dynamic creature can have important function at meeting mental and psychological needs of people but due to improper growth of population with urban development of cities and many problems, urban managers have paid attention to the physical aspects of MoreCity as a live and dynamic creature can have important function at meeting mental and psychological needs of people but due to improper growth of population with urban development of cities and many problems, urban managers have paid attention to the physical aspects of cities and to some extent have neglected psychological and mental effects of cities’ skeleton on citizens. This paper is based on a qualitative research considering the relationship between visual factors of urban spaces and behavioral patterns of consumers from these spaces aimed at identifying favorable and unfavorable visual factors of urban spaces and also regarding visual perception and behavioral pattern of citizens at urban spaces. In this relation it was tried to answer the question that whether the existence of visual factors of urban space affects citizens’ behavior and encourages especial behavior or prevent appearance of some behaviors? For achieving this goal after reviewing basic concepts and hypothesis related to the project and writing analytic model of the research and also collecting data through two methods of direct observation (behavioral mapping) and indirect observation (questionnaire); data extracted by considering a case sample in Rasht city and its skeletal analysis through pathology of wall, floor, furniture and green space. For analyzing data, the correlation statistic method has been used and the relationship between variables and hypothesis of the research has been tested by chi-square test and by using SPSS software. Finally regarding the importance of the research, some suggestion for strengthening social interaction at studying site and procedures have been presented for favorability of visual factors to prepare conditions for changing some behavioral patterns of citizens and on the one side it has been tried to consider visual aspects of mentioned urban space a lot so that by outstanding some visual factors of these spaces, create the condition for appearance of new behavioral space at studying space. The significant point is that in studying area due to the significance of placement function, behavioral patterns are more resulted from this function that in suggestions the urban space have ben emphasized. Finding shows that urban space that is far from its main function is a functional problem and by paying attention to the point that we know city as a live creature the existence of this problem means that there is a kind of skeletal disorder in city and in this state with the existence of skeletal disorder we cannot merely rely on the manifestation of beauty. Therefore regarding the point that firstly visual factors of urban space affects behavioral pattern of citizens and secondly the type of function of; urban space can affect the degree of citizens’ attention to surrounding visual factors and the existence of social life at urban cities is emphasized. The important point that is observed at the research was that citizens use a space properly while there is factors for their attraction to the considered space that regarding visual factors of the space and the degree of citizens’ satisfaction of these characteristics is important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Exploring the components of presentational in relation to culture and architecture based on the opinions of critical and non-critical thinkers
Somayeh Nouraie Hero Farkisch Ahmad mirza koochak Khoshnevis Mohammad Taji Hosein MoradinasabToday’s chaotic and disturbed changes in the field of architecture in Iran have more dependent variables on cultural elements and sociology, rather than from aesthetics or necessity-based requirements of architectural engineering. In this paper, the relation betwe MoreToday’s chaotic and disturbed changes in the field of architecture in Iran have more dependent variables on cultural elements and sociology, rather than from aesthetics or necessity-based requirements of architectural engineering. In this paper, the relation between the form of the house and architecture with the elements of sociological and cultural is examined. One of the factors that affect the cultural-social aspects of the architecture is the "presentational" variable that is facing a lack of cultural considerations in our country. For the first time, the presentational variable entitled as "Dramatic Cultural" in 1959 AD was the use of the concept of the show as a metaphor of cultural demonstrations in societies. This issue in architecture, as part of material culture, defines architecture in relation to another, which reflects a wide range of meanings that are dependent on its supporting philosophy of thought. However, it covers that part of the architectural necessities that are not actually generated by the user themselves, but in response to the other, the user either requires or has to respond to the architecture. Therefore, understanding the relation of the presentational variable with architecture is part of the understanding of the relation of culture and architecture. Nowadays, the dramatic architecture in society as a public affair is a barrier to policy-making with a cultural challenge in the field of architecture. From the point of view of culturalism, presentational variable has associated with cultural while culture affected from time and field, can be derived from each of the cultural layers or areas; ideological culture (Culture of specialist forces, books and articles), custom culture (Common culture), elite culture (Imported culture) or foreign culture (Religion and Nationality). The purpose of this research is to identify the various components of the presentational variable in relation to culture and architecture. The research method in this study is an analytical-interpretative one. At first, the concepts of the Presentational variable are extracted from the texts and views of the relevant scholars (influenced by the views of the thinkers of the critical and uncritical pole), and then the components of the Presentational variable are presented in the form of a conceptual model, and finally, in a comparative view, it has been discussed and concluded. The results of the research show that the presentational variable is related to today’s cultural view, due to the "loyalty" affected by "the deepening growth of the media". On the one hand, as a reality based on power, wealth, media, and modern technologies, imposes a distinction on society. On the other hand, this issue contrasts with the traditions and customs of our society, such as simple life. The evidence available in the architecture of today's Iranian society, shows that the presentational variable in architecture follows popular culture more than any other culture. Of course, proving this claim can be a question for future research. In conclusion, it is certain that architecture derived from customary culture was inadequate in terms of value, and in today's Iranian society, art and architecture should be supported by elite and ideal cultures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Critical Design Factors for Wayfinding in Hospital Environment in Nigeria
Salawu Ahmed Isa Muhammad . Lilian Emechebe Jonan Lembi -
Open Access Article
29 - Multiplicity Results for a Second-Order Boundary-Value Problems With Variable Expnents
ghasem Alizadeh Afroozi Mostafa Negravi Mehdi AzhiniIn this paper, we introduce the Lebesgue -Sobolev spaces critical points theory then we consider the boundary value problem involving an ordinary differential equation with p(x)-Laplacian operator, and nonhomogeneous Neumann conditions. Existence results for ordinary di MoreIn this paper, we introduce the Lebesgue -Sobolev spaces critical points theory then we consider the boundary value problem involving an ordinary differential equation with p(x)-Laplacian operator, and nonhomogeneous Neumann conditions. Existence results for ordinary differential equations with elliptic Neumann problems that depending on two real parameters are investigated. Precisely, by using the critical point theory, we show the existence of three weak solutions for p(x)-Laplacian problems. Using the critical point theorems we have proved, we give some conclusionsIn this paper, we introduce the Lebesgue -Sobolev spaces critical points theory then we consider the boundary value problem involving an ordinary differential equation with p(x)-Laplacian operator, and nonhomogeneous Neumann conditions. Existence results for ordinary differential equations with elliptic Neumann problems that depending on two real parameters are investigated. Precisely, by using the critical point theory, we show the existence of three weak solutions for p(x)-Laplacian problems. Using the critical point theorems we have proved, we give some conclusions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - A VARIATIONAL APPROACH TO THE EXISTENCE OF INFINITELY MANY SOLUTIONS FOR DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
M. Khaleghi Moghadam S. Tersian M. AvciThe existence of infinitely many solutions for an anisotropic discrete non-linear problem with variable exponent according to p(k)–Laplacian operator with Dirichlet boundary value condition, under appropriate behaviors of the non-linear term, is investigated. The MoreThe existence of infinitely many solutions for an anisotropic discrete non-linear problem with variable exponent according to p(k)–Laplacian operator with Dirichlet boundary value condition, under appropriate behaviors of the non-linear term, is investigated. The technical approach is based on a local minimum theorem for differentiable functionals due to Ricceri. We point out a theorem as a special case of our main results. We define two differentiable functionals and set up the variational framework and present an applied lemma which $lambda$ lying in a well-defined interval. Bearing in mind this fundamental lemma and the local minimum theorem due to Ricceri, we obtain our result which is the existence of a sequence of infinitely many solutions which converges to zero depending on the nonlinear term has suitable behavior at zero. We ensure exact interval of the parameter $lambda$, in which the anisotropic discrete non-linear problem admits infinitely solutions such that their norm converges to zero. Some remarks and corollaries and the proof of especial case theorem are provided. Some examples are inserted to illustrate the importance of the main results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - A fourth order elliptic problem of Kirchhoff type and finding infinitely many weak solution for it
Karimeh Ardeshiri Somayeh Khademloo ghasem alizadeh afrouziThis paper is devoted to the existence of infinitely many solutions for a forth order elliptic Kirchhoff problem involving Multi-singular inverse square potentials in a bounded domain using the methods in nonlinear analysis, precisely the variational methods. Nonlinear MoreThis paper is devoted to the existence of infinitely many solutions for a forth order elliptic Kirchhoff problem involving Multi-singular inverse square potentials in a bounded domain using the methods in nonlinear analysis, precisely the variational methods. Nonlinear analysis is a powerful tool for solving many physical models and a technique for proving the solvability of them.Among the methods can be considered in nonlinear analysis, variational methods can prove the existence and multiplicity of solutions without finding the exact value of them.Accordingly, we shall be told, perhaps, that we can find in this field of analysis one of the most applications of analysis in solving the real models of natural problems.The most important feature of the problem proposed in this article, is the existence of singular points in the domain. Using the critical point theory, we prove that there exists an interval in which, the problem has a sequence of distinct weak solutions.In other word, the existence of infinitely many solutions for this problem can be proved.This problem is of the type time independent Poison-Schrodinger equation appearing in an interesting physical context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - A New multi attribute Decision making Reliability Centered Maintenance in Power Transmission Systems
M. Asghari Gharakheili M. Fotuhi-FiruzabadThe present context of the electric industry, characterized by competitive markets, privatization, and regulatory of technical requirements forces the power utilities to optimize their asset management practices and develop the requisite decision plans techno-economical MoreThe present context of the electric industry, characterized by competitive markets, privatization, and regulatory of technical requirements forces the power utilities to optimize their asset management practices and develop the requisite decision plans techno-economically. Practically approaching, this paper devises a new support tool based on a multiattribute decision making (MADM) framework in combination with analytical hierarchical process (AHP) to determine the most critical components of power transmission systems. Measure of system-wide reliability performance, outage cost, Locational marginal prices demonstrative of market fairness, and network losses are among the attributes considered in this paper for component criticality assessment. With the frequent existence of qualitative and quantitative attributes, the proposed approach can effectively help to deal with the existent uncertainty and conventional judgment vagueness. As verified in a case study on the IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE-RTS), the proposed framework introduces its applicability and efficiency for the practical asset management optimizations in electric utilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Understanding of Nation-State in Theories of International Relations
Sreyed Abdol-Ali Ghavam Afshin ZargarThis article reviews different understandings of Nation-State in IR theories. studying different IRtheories and recognizing their weaknesses and strength for presentation of suitable understandingabout Nation-State, and reentering the theme of order in IR theories and d MoreThis article reviews different understandings of Nation-State in IR theories. studying different IRtheories and recognizing their weaknesses and strength for presentation of suitable understandingabout Nation-State, and reentering the theme of order in IR theories and dividing it into two categories- intrastate order and interstate order - this article has made an attempt to achieve suitableunderstanding about the way of making and changing states in International Relations. To achievethis goal, we emphasize on the proximity of IR therory to Political theory. Therefore in this way wecan offer the primary researching pattern for a more precise understanding of why, how and whatthe Nation-Stateis. (appearance, evolution and function.)This study approves that we can not ignore the issue of Nation-State with aspects dimensionsof it, especially appearance, evolution and change (Nation-State making in IR studies because suchignorance will lead to offering defective and incomplete understanding of IR particularly centralactor of it; Nation-State. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Ideology, Discourse and Political Analysis
جهانگیر MoeiniThe decline in attention to the ideology factor representsone of the consequences of the rise of relativist and nonessentialistperspectives in political science. This process beganwith resort to the critique of subjectivism and battle against thetheory of truth in polit MoreThe decline in attention to the ideology factor representsone of the consequences of the rise of relativist and nonessentialistperspectives in political science. This process beganwith resort to the critique of subjectivism and battle against thetheory of truth in politics. The author, in this article, argues that not only influencing the concept of ideology has no bearingon subjectivism, but also a new horizon could be achieved byoffering a new understanding of the concept of ideology withinthe framework of a discourse theory. The author proposesa theory of ideology which completes the theory of discourseand does not contrast it. Hence, in his opinion, maintaining thedistinction between the two concepts of ideology and discourseis useful and better explains the relationship existing betweenthe political order-symbols and power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Proposing a role model of accounting obligations in companies accepted in Tehran stock exchange relying on critical financial knowledge
re مظفری Mohammad Reza Pourali mahmood samadi سیدفخرالدبن فخرحسینیPaying attention to the principles and requirements of accounting in stock exchange companies is one of the distinguishing components from the perspective of financial knowledge, which helps company managers to make favorable and strategic decisions in order to achieve MorePaying attention to the principles and requirements of accounting in stock exchange companies is one of the distinguishing components from the perspective of financial knowledge, which helps company managers to make favorable and strategic decisions in order to achieve goals in accordance with professional ethics and attention. It is based on the principles of guidance and guidance, but the inclusion of requirements and principles that can raise the level of expectations of the stakeholders can bring this type of accounting to the desired results, relying on the principles of critical thinking that seeks persuasion and transparency. Financialization among the stakeholders includes the shareholders and customers of the companies; it is a suitable foundation and foundation for this, with the reviews of the researches related to the accounting requirements in the companies, paying attention to the role of knowledge. Critical finance has been neglected, for this purpose, in this article, this research gap is investigated and the factors affecting the accounting requirements in Tehran Stock Exchange companies are identified based on the principles of critical thinking, based on the opinions 15 experts, who have doctorate education with at least 20 years of experience, were selected as a purposeful and accessible sampling, in the form of a theoretical paradigm model. The foundation is provided. The results of the research showed that in the section of causal factors including the development of exchanges and communications, corporate governance and systematic approach, central factors include the promotion of strategic approach, strengthening of management indicators and critical principles, and underlying factors including the management of stakeholders and intervening factors including environmental conditions. In addition, the strategies include the development of social responsibility, strategic needs assessment, partial acceptability and partial legitimacy, and the resulting factors include the systematic development of financial indicators and the increasing growth of market share. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - A Critical Discourse Analysis of Trump’s Speech Regarding Iran’s Nuclear Deal on the Basis of Van Leewen’s Socio-semantic Model
Danial Adrang Nikan Faraji -
Open Access Article
37 - The Necessity of Media Knowledge Education to Students to Promote their Media Literacy Competency
Alireza Bastani Tahmures Shiri Aliakbar Farhangi -
Open Access Article
38 - Identify and Prioritize the Critical Success Factors for Implementing Electronic Logistics in the Isfahan Health City
Saied Darabi Mehdi Iranpoor AtefeH AmindoustIntroduction: The organizations providing health services have a significant role in the society. Organizations the utilization of the electronic process can improve the quality and capacity of services and so the level of in the health society. This study identifies an MoreIntroduction: The organizations providing health services have a significant role in the society. Organizations the utilization of the electronic process can improve the quality and capacity of services and so the level of in the health society. This study identifies and prioritizes the key factors to implement the electronic logistics in the Isfahan Health City. Methods: by reviewing the literature, 28 potential factors for implementation of E-logistics were extracted. After that, the degree of significant of these factors was determined according to the expert using group decision making. to screen the in significant factors a method based on K-means clustering was used. Then using a recent method for ranking the fuzzy numbers, which is based on the interval of the fuzzy numbers and the center of gravity, the space the factors were prioritize according to the overall cost effectiveness index. Results: by K-Means clustering method 8 factors have been screened and the 20 remaining factors were prioritize according to the overall cost effectiveness index. After calculating the distance of each factor with maximum and minimum range of factors, the vision factor with score 3.761 and the Maintenance factor with score 0.093 were identified as the most important and the least important factors respectively. Conclusion: In this study it was found that vision, create project teams, strategy and management support are the most importance factors for the implementation of E-logistics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Critical Thinking Model of Bank Mellat Employees Based On Internal Marketing Components
Karim Esgandari negin mirab khanbaghi Shadi Orafaye Jamshidi Ahmad FathiAbdullahiThe purpose of this research is the critical thinking model of Bank Mellat employees based on internal marketing components. The present research is practical in terms of purpose and survey in terms of method. The statistical population of this research is the employees MoreThe purpose of this research is the critical thinking model of Bank Mellat employees based on internal marketing components. The present research is practical in terms of purpose and survey in terms of method. The statistical population of this research is the employees of Mellat Bank of East Azerbaijan province. According to the information received from Bank Mellat, their number is 750 people during the period of research. The size of the statistical sample is estimated to be 250 people based on Cochran's formula. A stratified random sampling method was used to select the statistical sample from the statistical population. The data collection tool in the current research is a researcher-made questionnaire in such a way that the dimensions of the research variables were indexed and turned into questionnaire questions. Cronbach's alpha test was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire and the face validity method was used to measure the validity of the questionnaire. Which was given to the statistical sample after measuring its validity and reliability. After collecting the questionnaires, the obtained information was summarized and classified using descriptive statistical methods, and in order to answer the research questions, Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression were used in SPSS software. Research findings show that critical thinking skills include dimensions (cognitive skills, analytical skills, questioning skills, scientific and research skills, planning skills, interactive skills, flexibility and innovation skills, skills emotional skills, decision-making skills, judgment skills) and internal marketing including dimensions (customer orientation, employee empowerment, employee motivation and satisfaction, internal communication, training and development, explaining a clear vision, reward and encouragement, job security, information sharing , reducing the class gap among employees). The results show that the presented model is approved by the statistical community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The Strategy Formulation for Customer Relationship Management System with Balance Score Card Approach (CRM SCORE CARD) in Sapco Company
J. Haghighat Monfared E. SaraeeniaToday organizations focus on their customers to set and regulate their sale and marking strategies. Modern organizations try to present the best for their customers as the aim of customer relation management is to develop long-term and stable dependencies between the co MoreToday organizations focus on their customers to set and regulate their sale and marking strategies. Modern organizations try to present the best for their customers as the aim of customer relation management is to develop long-term and stable dependencies between the companies and their customers. The importance of this subject is better understood by considering guidelines on customers’ satisfaction and customer relation management system strategies. One of the most important challenges to modern organizations is the implementation of strategies which are regulated by thought and systematic methods. Organizations which have used performance evaluation system- particularly balanced score card- prove to be strategically successful. It is believed that CRM’s score card is one of the strongest tools in collecting customer relation management system strategy. This card converts CRM plans to key factors which predict success of CRM. This research aimed at collecting data on customer relation management system strategy based on balanced score card as an organization concentrates on four approaches (financial, customer, domestic process and learning and growth). In this research after identifying mission , perspective and current strategies of organization , the strategic goals of customer relation management system were determined for each aspect of balanced score card. After conducting Extensive theoretical studies in order to recognize the key factors of success in customer relation management system and Screening them, next step was collecting performance key indices for each of mentioned factors which were then prioritized by AHP method and establishing balanced score card. Finally the formulating map for customer relationship management system strategy was determined for each one of success factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The quality of critical accounting procedures effect on information asymmetry
Hossein Jahangirnia Feridoon Rahnamay Roodposhti hamidreza vakilifardThe purpose of thisresearchis to determine the quality of four of the critical accounting or principal proceduresdisclosure, including how to identify bad debt provision, depreciation method, pension benefits plans, and evaluating inventory on information asymmetry. The MoreThe purpose of thisresearchis to determine the quality of four of the critical accounting or principal proceduresdisclosure, including how to identify bad debt provision, depreciation method, pension benefits plans, and evaluating inventory on information asymmetry. The disclosure quality scorein the annual financial statements and board of directors report have investigated by researcher-made checklist rely on Tehran stock exchange requirements for sample firms. Data derived from all firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange thatachieved with screening method ina 14-years period from the years 2000 to 2014. To test the hypothesis, spss and Eviews softwaresand panel data with random effects is used. The results show that there is a significant negative relationship between disclosure quality of critical accounting procedures and information asymmetry. In other words, increase the quality level of disclosure practices critical accounting procedures in the financial reports of companies is to reduce information asymmetry Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Effect of Social Pressures Anomie on Aggressive Financial Reporting: Analysis of the Theory of Managerial Critical Perception
Mahmoud reza khaki Mohsen Hamidiyan Negar Khosravipoo, Maryam sarrafAs pressures of accounting fraud and corporate distortion behaviors emerge on the capital market over the past two decades, social pressures on this market have increased steadily. In fact, due to underdeveloped feedback flow infrastructure and lack of financial transpa MoreAs pressures of accounting fraud and corporate distortion behaviors emerge on the capital market over the past two decades, social pressures on this market have increased steadily. In fact, due to underdeveloped feedback flow infrastructure and lack of financial transparency of companies, even in the face of social pressures, lack of institutional oversight leads to a high level of distortion in financial reporting, such as Aggressive Financial Reporting. The Purpose of this research is The Effect of Social Pressures Anomie on Aggressive Financial Reporting by Analysis of the Theory of Managerial Critical Perception. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of stakeholder social pressures on bold financial reporting using the structural equation modeling approach and partial least squares analysis (PLS) while fitting the model's utility. In this study, in order to measure the externalizing variable, ie social pressure of the stakeholders, through the analysis of Meta-synthesis a researcher-made questionnaire was developed with the participation of 15 research experts. Then, the two conservative measures of Khan and Watts (2009) and the difference between the voluntary accruals of the company and the average of the voluntary accruals of the other companies examined by Heltzer et al (2012) and Kothari et al (2005). The questionnaire was sent to 142 CEOs of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange and finally after many follow-up, the 105 questionnaires were completed and returned and used as a final sample for analysis. After confirming the acceptable fit of the measurement and structural models of the research, in accordance with the prediction of harvest management theory, the results showed that the social pressures of the stakeholders have a positive and significant effect on bold financial reporting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Presenting Pattern of Global Management Accounting Based on Critical Thinking
Mona Abednazari Ferydoon Rahnamay Roodroshti Hashem Nikoomaram Zahra PoorzamaniThe aim of the present study was to develop a model for global management accounting principles based on a critical approach. To this end, four principles of relevance, influence, value, and trust were considered as the global management accounting principles and the fa MoreThe aim of the present study was to develop a model for global management accounting principles based on a critical approach. To this end, four principles of relevance, influence, value, and trust were considered as the global management accounting principles and the factors affecting these principles and their outcomes were examined. The research hypotheses were developed based on structural, theoretical, and applied frameworks based on the critical paradigm. The collected data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling and, finally, a model with good fit was extracted. The results of the study suggested that the current position of management accounting is not convincing in theory and practice (based on critical thinking), and the global management accounting principles need to be taken into account in all structural and practical domains for the development of management accounting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Critical Theory and its Role in Accounting
Shokrolah Khajavi Zaemeh NeamatollahiAccounting systems in organizations are considered more likely as results of social phenomena instead of technical phenomena and must be percept through this social circumstance. A great changing of utilized approaches and viewpoints must be taken place, in order to pre MoreAccounting systems in organizations are considered more likely as results of social phenomena instead of technical phenomena and must be percept through this social circumstance. A great changing of utilized approaches and viewpoints must be taken place, in order to precept accounting system as a social phenomenon. Critical approach is one of these changes which comes on to precept in social circumstance. So, in this research is tried to introduce critical approach usages in accounting to provide more possibility of accounting research using this approach. To have access to this point philosophical basis of critical approach and critical accounting are presented and some samples in literature of critical accounting are mentioned and categorized into critical management accounting, philosophical basis of critical accounting, social responsibility in accounting and positivism accounting critics afterwards. The principal point of these researches is their theoretical structure and a few of them are applied in practice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Ranking components of critical thinking in accounting education and profession using multi-criteria ranking algorithm (MCRA)
makijeh nazemizadeh Forough Heirany Mahmoud moeinadin seyyed hasan Hatami nasabThe present study aims ranking components of critical thinking from viewpoint of accounting professors and employers (financial managers) in accounting education and profession. For this reason, a questionnaire containing components of critical thinking was provided to MoreThe present study aims ranking components of critical thinking from viewpoint of accounting professors and employers (financial managers) in accounting education and profession. For this reason, a questionnaire containing components of critical thinking was provided to experts, professors and employers and priority of each component from the viewpoint of two groups of experts was determined using multi-criteria ranking algorithm. The present study was conducted in 2020 and 2021. The research results show that experts of professors consider the analysis component to have the highest rank, the experts of employers, whereas, prioritized as their third inference. Reasoning, personality features and mental characteristics are not one of the last priorities of employers and from the viewpoint of professors, they do not have a high rank, and interpretation and translation components, attitude and readiness and personal characteristics are almost close to each other in viewpoints of two groups of experts and differed by only one rank difference between the two groups. The most significant contrast in this ranking comparison concerns the inference component which has the first rank among the employer experts and the rank one last left among the professors' experts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Accounting for citizenship conceptual paradigm based on critical thinking
Shokrollah Khajavi Mohammad MohammadianWise reasoning of somebody’s’ beliefs and whatever they do based on it is called critical thinking. In this area, existing condition is not compatible with whatever accountants are believed in and which they are done to achieve. Using this point of view many MoreWise reasoning of somebody’s’ beliefs and whatever they do based on it is called critical thinking. In this area, existing condition is not compatible with whatever accountants are believed in and which they are done to achieve. Using this point of view many accounting interpretation have been considered based on positivism or normative paradigm are criticized. The goal of this research is to present conceptual paradigm and novel preview description toward accounting under the title of accounting for citizenship. To have access to this, the most important layers of objective hermeneutics which have known as critical thinking and library studies which is considered as historical recognition is utilized. Some of basic concepts of this research includes accounting for citizenship and corporate citizenship and according to these concepts and by critical school thoughts using present position of accounting is getting studied and finally the question of “Could accounting be considered as accounting for citizenship?” is answered. Citizenship exploring theories especially political theory as a subset one revealed that accountability toward citizens and society from macro level (government) is shifted to micro level (companies as corporate citizens) and accountants afterwards and finally in order to citizens’ rights preservation (to government support) the accountants have to adhere ethics (fairness and justice) and useful information preparation which results to citizens and society accountability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Critical ethics as bedrock of Critical Accounting
سعید عسگری فریدون رهنمای رودپشتی احمد گودرزیThe purpose of this study is reviewing critical ethics as bedrock of criticalaccounting.we outline a postmodern perspective and what we call a new-modernperspective on ethics.in contrast to the traditional political moral philosophyliterature,postmodern perspectives dev MoreThe purpose of this study is reviewing critical ethics as bedrock of criticalaccounting.we outline a postmodern perspective and what we call a new-modernperspective on ethics.in contrast to the traditional political moral philosophyliterature,postmodern perspectives develop a more critical analysis of the relationshipbetween individual ethical identity and power.Under the heading of new-modern perspective we discuss the work of famousGerman thinker called Jurgen habermas.habermas criticizes the way some postmodernperspective appeare to abandone the very possibility of rational thought,and heattempts to salvage a role for reason in addressing the challenges that we face as asocity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The role of children and adolescents' smart media in teaching critical thinking
mehrnoosh khoraminejad hasan ashayeri Ataollah Abtahi kamran mohammadkhani Neda SoleimaniAbstractIntroduction&Objective of this research:This research seek to understand the component of critical thinking and teach it to children and adolescents through intelligent media.Critical thinking isa prerequisite for life skills including problem solving and de MoreAbstractIntroduction&Objective of this research:This research seek to understand the component of critical thinking and teach it to children and adolescents through intelligent media.Critical thinking isa prerequisite for life skills including problem solving and decision making. Research Method:In the present study,according to the nature of the subject,the data were collected using a quantitative method,a researcher-made questionnaire and a qualitative method with the approach of data theory and interview coding.The population of the present study includes children and adolescents aged 10 to 12 and 12 to 14 and Their critical approach to the Clash of Clans digital game was analyzed and the results of interviews of University professors have been analyzed in-depth.Results:In the process of piloting children and adolescents and in a large distribution of tendency to group play,the findings indicate that all subjects like to be a member of the group and participate in the game.66% of the subjects try to find a suitable way to solve the problem.In interviews with university professors,the role of intelligent media in teaching critical thinking skills to children and adolescents emphasized the components of philosophical learning,participatory learning and experience-oriented respect for individual differences.Conclusion:Thus,in the present article,we have come to the conclusion that in order to achieve the optimal performance of smart media in teaching critical thinking,they can have an educational plan in two ways:1-Media and education for children,2-Broadcast Programs with the child himself that education with the participation of the child is important because the educational process will be very high quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Critical thinking skill in Islamic Azad university‐science and research Branch of accounting student
فریدون رهنمای رودپشتی احمد یعقوب نژاد احمد گودرزیCritical thinking is a skill and on which learner can achieve teaching goals during an achieve mental process only after receiving key points from teacher. This capability can enhance subject remembrance by students and deliver them to training target with clarity. O MoreCritical thinking is a skill and on which learner can achieve teaching goals during an achieve mental process only after receiving key points from teacher. This capability can enhance subject remembrance by students and deliver them to training target with clarity. One of the benefits of this skill is that it can widen thinking horizons on student over learning topics that is reached by their active attendance in training processes. This study was aimed to determine the critical thinking situation of accounting students in Islamic Azad university ‐ science and research branch. This study was done on 73 Islamic Azad university ‐ science and research branch. The subjects were selects with randomized stratified method. Then their critical thinking was inves gated using California B quesonnaire containing34 quesons. The result showed this important fact skills and abilities of Islamic Azad universityscience and research branch did not improve by going to upper year education Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The explanation skills of critical thought among accounting students of the science and research department at the Islamic Azad University in Iran
فریدون رهنمای رودپشتی احمد یعقوب نژاد احمد گودرزیIntroduction and purpose research: Accounting is a field of science that provides economic information to determine optimal use of economic resources. Therefore, accounting students are expected to learn from accounting discussions and continue enhancing this educat MoreIntroduction and purpose research: Accounting is a field of science that provides economic information to determine optimal use of economic resources. Therefore, accounting students are expected to learn from accounting discussions and continue enhancing this educational field. The purpose of this essay is assessment of the level of critical thought of accounting students of the science & research department in the Azad Islamic university in their specialized texts. Research method: In this research, critical thought’s cognitive skills of accounting students were investigated by California questioner B and random procedure. Finding: The results show students apply a low level of critical thought skills in overall. Conclusion: with respect to this fulfilled research, it could be concluded that sexuality does show a significant influence on the tendency to critical thought therefore senior students have more critical thought skills compared to junior students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Entanglement in the XZ spin chain model in the external magnetic field
F. Soheilian M.R. Soltani M. Firoozi S. A. Hosseini -
Open Access Article
52 - Thermal negativity in a two qubit XXX and XX spin chain model in an external magnetic field
M. Ghasemloo N. Nikdel M. R. Soltani M. Firoozi F. Soheilian -
Open Access Article
53 - Sociological survey of the role of Iranian families' cultural capital on entering their children into university successfully (A survey about the Sharif industrial university students in the year 1394)
QASEM ALAEIZADEHAbstractIn spite of a few previous decades, modern Iranian families in order to eliminate the problems of their children to enter the university, from the first years of their education,have pretended the different eagerness to utilize the various types of capitals. In MoreAbstractIn spite of a few previous decades, modern Iranian families in order to eliminate the problems of their children to enter the university, from the first years of their education,have pretended the different eagerness to utilize the various types of capitals. In this study with the use of survey method with the instrument of questionnaire (with open, semi-open, closed and axiomatic questions) and the Alpha coefficient of 0/80 with the simple random sample of 444 incoming students of the year 2015(1394) in Tehran city, shows that by the school rating into public and non-public and the importance of the university entrance exams, only limited portions of three types of cultural capitals; embodied (habitus), objective and institutionalized cultural capital of the family have decisive role in sending the children into public universities. Accordingly, following the family cultural capitals' impressive erosion and decline, social and economic capitals should compensate forcefully. Whereas Pierre Bourdieu in the study of his society, believed, cultural capital as the only cause of children educational achievements at the end of the twentieth century.Key wordsModern family -Survey method -School rating -Habitus -Cultural capital -Pierre Bourdieu. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Developing and Explaining a Model for Smarter Universities around the World
Sepideh Golijani Mogaddam Kamran Mohammadkhani Nadergoli Gourchian Amirhossein MohammaddavudiIn this research, a model has been devised and validated to make universities smarter Compared with globally balance. The research method in this paper is a mixed one. First based on qualitative method and specifically based on the grounded theory and by interviewing th MoreIn this research, a model has been devised and validated to make universities smarter Compared with globally balance. The research method in this paper is a mixed one. First based on qualitative method and specifically based on the grounded theory and by interviewing the subject matter experts, the dimensions, components and indicators of making universities smarter with a global level are extracted and analyzed. Then, in the quantitative phase, by a questionnaire based on qualitative stage indices and based on its data - 175 valid questionnaires - validating and analyzing the factor structure of the university-level smart universities model was used. The findings of the qualitative research showed that the smarter university with a global level has 5 dimensions (based on Grounded Theory components) and 29 components. These dimensions include the dimension of "smarter technologies", "smarter competencies", "smarter processes", "superior standards" and "organizational quality". Quantitative section findings also showed that based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, factor loadings of all indices were above 0.3. The goodness-of-fit indices of the model also showed that the structural model extracted from the qualitative section fits well with the statistical population data. The relative chi-square values of were less than 3 and the values of adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) and Comparative fit index (CFI) were above 0.7. The root mean square error of approximate (RMSEA) was also less than 0.1. In addition, the components and indices of the research model had a good reliability based on Cronbach's alpha (all component over than 0.7) in the model and the result show that the model has a good explanation in the statistical population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The Main Features of Critical Rationalism
مریم عسگرپورعلی مجید اکبریIn history of ideas, although traditional rationalists used reason andreasoning to justify any claim (hypothesis, theory, and…), Popper andhis pupils, as critical rationalists, emphasis on falsifying any. Criticalrationalists believe that human knowledge is falli MoreIn history of ideas, although traditional rationalists used reason andreasoning to justify any claim (hypothesis, theory, and…), Popper andhis pupils, as critical rationalists, emphasis on falsifying any. Criticalrationalists believe that human knowledge is fallible; and thisknowledge not only can’t fulfill any justification, but also need to noone. For human knowledge is fallible and confined, critical rationalistsrelay on rationality to the extent that it help us to detect our errors andfailures. According to critical rationalists, critical method is merely tocriticize all of ideas, beliefs, and etc. unstoppably in order to reveal theprobable, tacit faults. Scientific theories, in their view, are daringconjectures which come from encountering with problems; theseconjectures are not justifiable and must be falsifiable (and thereforerefutable) through severe test. The refutation to old theory is theparamount process of scientific discovery. If any new theory survivemore of such refutations, it would have a higher verisimilitude andtherefore, critical rationalists suggest that it is closer to truth. So criticalrationalists have exposed some innovations in philosophy of science,but there are a few critiques which they are (or should be) going to dealwith. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Development of Philosophy of Science from Critical Realist Viewpoint: a Hasty Review
علی پایاHere, after presenting some “definitions” of philosophy of science, I workout my plausible definition and, then, engage in the most significantchanges of philosophy of science from origin until today as briefly aspossible. Although, main purpose is that our MoreHere, after presenting some “definitions” of philosophy of science, I workout my plausible definition and, then, engage in the most significantchanges of philosophy of science from origin until today as briefly aspossible. Although, main purpose is that our readers get perspective aboutsubject-matter and question accompanying with their proposal solution,but, in some cases, subject-matters are criticized and evaluated from arealistic view based on critical rationality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Assessment of Schiller's Critique on Kant's Aesthetics
مریم بختیاریان مجید اکبریFriedrich Schiller was in his aesthetic reflexions inspired by Kant'sCritique of Judgment,. Albeit, he is generally recognized as Kantianphilosopher, he was not satisfied of Kant's philosophy, because ofappreahending deep gab between realm of nesessity and freedom.Which MoreFriedrich Schiller was in his aesthetic reflexions inspired by Kant'sCritique of Judgment,. Albeit, he is generally recognized as Kantianphilosopher, he was not satisfied of Kant's philosophy, because ofappreahending deep gab between realm of nesessity and freedom.Which seens to exist among human's mental faculties made himdissatisfied. Therefore he intended to modify some aspects ofKant's aesthetics. In order to overcome on Kant's dualism and hisoppositional dicotomy, Schiller came up with some harmonizingtools. Reflecting on Kant's transcendental deduction, leaded him tothe perception of the beauty as only medium for harmonizeing andsynthetizing human's rupture. He criticized Kant's subjectiveattitude to beauty and suggested the objective one, which namedfreedom in appearance. He refuted Kantian distinction between therealm of aesthetics and of ethics; and maintained that human beingneeds some preliminaries for making him moral person education.These prequisites would be provided by aesthetics education. Theresult would be convergance of the realm of aesthetics to the realmof ethics Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Overcoming the Justificationist Addiction
دیوید میلرIt is a simple, though ancient, mistake in the theory ofknowledge to think that justification, in any degree, is central torationality, or even important to it. We must cut for ever the intellectualapron strings that continue to offer us spurious and unneeded security, MoreIt is a simple, though ancient, mistake in the theory ofknowledge to think that justification, in any degree, is central torationality, or even important to it. We must cut for ever the intellectualapron strings that continue to offer us spurious and unneeded security, andreplace the insoluble problem of what our theories are based on by thesoluble problem of how to expose their shortcomings. The paper willoutline (not for the first time) the critical rationalism of Karl Popper,taking account of some recent criticisms. A brief discussion of the statusof the laws of logic provides an illustration of the power of the criticalapproach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Study ruins schools in the central part of Shahriyar against earthquakes
زهرا حجازی زاده فرح مرادی خانی هدی کنعانی مقدمIntroduction and purpose: In order to estimate the seismicity of the Shahriar County. geological and seism tectonic particulars were studied, and seismic fault in the county and suburb of this region ,till50 kilometers range were recognized .And with using recorded seis MoreIntroduction and purpose: In order to estimate the seismicity of the Shahriar County. geological and seism tectonic particulars were studied, and seismic fault in the county and suburb of this region ,till50 kilometers range were recognized .And with using recorded seismicity’s in region, seismicity map of county was made. And with gotenberg-rishter graph method, seismicity parameters of area obtained. Methodology: The present research is applied and that research method is descriptive-analytical that use research library and survey and gotenberg- rishter graph. Findings: resulted show that73 percent of schools buildings of region have not any side resistant system and need to make resistance or rebuilding. In case study we considered the building of8 schools of this area particularly. In purpose of decreasing casualties and damages, to organize active crisis director ship staffs, for determining the student groups duties, and increasing the level of knowledge and skills of students in facing of earthquake suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - How the Catholic Church Faced the Historical Criticism of the Bible
Ahmad Reza Meftah Hamideh AmiryazdaniThis article discusses the historical criticism of the Bible, which originated among liberal Protestants with the belief that the Bible should be examined through a historical approach. While this approach was initially met with resistance from conservative Protestants, MoreThis article discusses the historical criticism of the Bible, which originated among liberal Protestants with the belief that the Bible should be examined through a historical approach. While this approach was initially met with resistance from conservative Protestants, it later became a challenge for the Catholic Church as well. Prominent Catholic scholars such as Richard Simon and Alfred Loisy, as well as the Tübingen School, supported the movement, raising concerns within the church. The article aims to analyze how the Catholic Church addressed this challenge. The church was apprehensive that the historical-critical method would overlook the divine aspects of the Bible, resulting in a decline in biblical authority. Therefore, it denounced the trend and expelled its pioneers. However, the Catholic Church eventually came to understand that it needed to adapt to the modern age and recognize the relationship between theology, culture and human accomplishments. Consequently, it became more open towards the historical-critical method, acknowledging it as a viable approach towards biblical exegesis, despite its initial condemnation. In summary, this paper examines the historical criticism of the Bible, its origins and opposition, and how the Catholic Church eventually adapted and embraced this approach towards biblical interpretation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Modeling of Supercritical Extraction of Essential Oil from Orange Peel
Marjan Haghayegh Seyyed Ali Vaziri Fatemeh Zabihi Mohammad Hassan EikaniIntroduction: Supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) is a promising technique that has been attracted by some scientist recently due to the moderate operational condition.Moreover, SCFE products are pure and free of residual solvents. Mathematical modeling of supercritic MoreIntroduction: Supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) is a promising technique that has been attracted by some scientist recently due to the moderate operational condition.Moreover, SCFE products are pure and free of residual solvents. Mathematical modeling of supercritical extraction is a useful tool for deducing the SCF extraction systems, prediction of optimum operational conditions and system design variables, and scale-up to the pilot and industrial scales. Materials and Methods: A new mathematical model modified by Sovova, based on the concept of broken and intact cells, has been applied to understand the variables effect on extraction efficiency in a SCF extraction system. System was made in order to extract the essential oil from orange peel. This model simulates the experimental data points adequately for two separate time using combined pattern of phase equilibrium equations, solute/matrix interaction and internal diffusion rules in the solid particles. Model equations for plug flow are ordinary differential equations and are solved by matlab using numirical method. A number of physical parameters have been determined by experimental data fitting.Results: Extraction curves have been presented on the form of extraction yield versus relative amount of passed solvent. The effect of operational parameters including grinding efficiency, bed void fraction, number of mixers and external mass transfer coefficient have been also investigated.Conclusion: The most desirable result is obtained from grinding efficiency and external mass transfer coefficient of 0.7 and 0.011 respectively, within 20 mixers. The model results present a good agreement with the experimental results. Average absolute deviation between experimental data and the modeling results is about 6%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Tocopherols from Ferula Persica and Evaluating the Effect of the Extract on the Stability of Sunflower Seed Oil as an Alternative to the Synthetic Antioxidant
B. Mehdinia Lichaei R. Esmaeilzadeh Kenari Gh. DinpanahIntroduction: The addition of antioxidants is one of the ways to protect the oil from oxidation. The aim of this research is to obtain ferula persica plant extract using supercritical fluid method and measure the phenolic compounds and tocopherols and also to evaluate t MoreIntroduction: The addition of antioxidants is one of the ways to protect the oil from oxidation. The aim of this research is to obtain ferula persica plant extract using supercritical fluid method and measure the phenolic compounds and tocopherols and also to evaluate the effect on the oxidative stability of sunflower seed oil during storage. Materials and Methods: Using supercritical fluids (SCF), the ethanolic extracts at different concentrations (100, 1500, 2000 and 2500 ppm) were prepared. Total amount of phenolic compounds and tocopherols in the extracts were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu and spectrophotometry procedures, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated and the concentration of 2500 ppm showed the highest antioxidant activity, therefore, this concentration was selected and added to sunflower seed oil. The oil was kept at room temperature for 60 days and peroxide value, carbonyl number, oxidative stability index, total polar compounds and acid value were measured every 15 day and compared with the synthetic antioxidant (TBHQ 100 ppm). Results: The concentrations of phenolic compounds and tocopherols in the SCF extract were determined and found to be 1495.81 mg as gallic acid and 58.6 mg alpha-tocopherol per 100 gram of extract. Conclusion: Ferula persica extract at the concentration of 2500 ppm due to the presence of both phenolic compounds and tocopherols exhibited antioxidant acivity in sunflower seed oil and have the ability similar to TBHQ that results in increased oxidative stability of the substrate, therefore, Ferula persica that is a natural product might be considered as a potent antioxidant to improve the stability of oils and fats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for the optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction of Elaeagnus protein: a comparison study
Sepideh Hesamizadeh S. Askari محمدرضا حسین پورElaeagnus contains a large amount of protein which can be used as a functional ingredient. In this study, dried fruit protein was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide method. Extraction was performed at different supercritical temperatures, supercritical pressur MoreElaeagnus contains a large amount of protein which can be used as a functional ingredient. In this study, dried fruit protein was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide method. Extraction was performed at different supercritical temperatures, supercritical pressure, and solvent ratio of carbon dioxide and methanol. According to the ANOVA results, the optimum operating condition for the extraction of protein with supercritical CO2 was as following:150.85 bar, 51.06°C, 59.80 min and methanol aqueous solvent concentration of 717.08 µL, leading to extracting of 47.53 mg protein per 10 g sample. Compared to other extraction methods, the amount of extracted protein was high with this method. In addition, less damage was done to other physical-chemical properties of the protein, including protein structure, amino acid chains, etc. Among the operating conditions, supercritical pressure had the highest effect on proteins. Therefore, the results of this study suggested that the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction can be sued as an effective method for protein extraction from plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The new generation of nuclear reactors, ADS
Javad Karimi Mohammad Mehdi Firooz AbadiBackground and Objective:Today, nuclear reactors as a major source of energy in the world, is developing considerably. The main disadvantage of nuclear reactors is producing nuclear waste. This waste is due to the half-life and high environmental impact is radiation poi MoreBackground and Objective:Today, nuclear reactors as a major source of energy in the world, is developing considerably. The main disadvantage of nuclear reactors is producing nuclear waste. This waste is due to the half-life and high environmental impact is radiation poisoning. In this study a new generation of nuclear reactors as ADS introduced where the nuclear waste is used as fuel. Method: Examining ADS nuclear reactors, the concept of ADS and the main components of this type of reactor and how it works are described. Findings: This new generation of nuclear reactors (ADS) has the ability to convert nuclear waste, including meta-uranium elements and fragments of nuclear fission, into low-risk elements with low half-life and low beam toxicity. Its important advantage over other nuclear reactors is that it is safe. Discussion and Conclusions: Given the importance of developing nuclear reactors as a major source of energy production, methods should be used to develop peaceful nuclear technology in the country to maximize its efficiency while minimizing its destructive environmental effects. . The use of a new generation of nuclear reactors (ADS) is one such method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Evaluating the Green Citizenship Reporting Function of Capital Market Companies
Akram Mobaraki Mohammad Tamimi Alah karam SalehiBackground and Objective: The shift from traditional public management (PM) to the new public management (NPM) due to the low productivity of the management system has led to the emergence of concepts of citizenship rights instead of terms such as client in traditional MoreBackground and Objective: The shift from traditional public management (PM) to the new public management (NPM) due to the low productivity of the management system has led to the emergence of concepts of citizenship rights instead of terms such as client in traditional theory or client in modern theories. The emergence of these approaches in accounting, which was borrowed from business management, the purpose of this research is evaluating the green citizenship reporting function of capital market companies. Material and Methodology: This research is in terms of developmental and combined methodology. In the qualitative part of the research, meta-analysis and Delphi analysis were used, and in the quantitative part, fuzzy evaluation analysis was used to prioritize the selection of the most effective green citizenship reporting function of capital market companies. In this study, the statistical population in the qualitative section were 14 experts in accounting and financial management at the university level and in the quantitative section were 25 senior managers of capital market companies in Iran. Findings: The results in the qualitative part indicate the determination of the three dimensions of the company's green citizenship reporting function in the form of 14 indicators. The results in the quantitative section also showed that the critical functions of green citizenship reporting are the most effective way of green citizenship reporting. Discussion and Conclusion: It was also found that providing a detailed report on the role and responsibility of specialized environmental committees (A14) as an indicator of critical performance of green citizenship reporting is the most important indicator among the indicators identified at the capital market level to strengthen green citizenship reporting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Identification of hazards and analysis of the root causes of construction accidents using the Bow-tie_FMEA Compound Technique (Case Study: Tehran Technical Building Company)
Alireza Moradi Fatemeh Razavian Behnaz Moradi GhiyasabadiBackground and Objective: Construction industry is known as one of most dangerous industries which incidents occurrence rate is high because of work nature complexity and also unsafe workplaces. Therefor construction jobs are categorized in most dangerous and most full MoreBackground and Objective: Construction industry is known as one of most dangerous industries which incidents occurrence rate is high because of work nature complexity and also unsafe workplaces. Therefor construction jobs are categorized in most dangerous and most full of incident jobs in world. Material and Methodology: In this article technical buildings company of Tehran construction projects known as Khaneh-Shahr and Helal existing hazards have been recognized using checklist and then evaluated and assessed using FMEA risk assessment method. Additionally, critical points technique in order to identify and determine construction projects critical risks has been used and also modeled in the form of bowtie using Bowtie Pro 3.3 software in last phase. Findings: Results have shown that Khaneh-Shahr construction project has 7 critical risks from totally 14 assessed risks and also Helal construction project have 8 critical risks from totally 15 assessed risks which have been modeled separately. Furthur mobile crane reversal risk in Khaneh-Shahr construction project and metal-concrete structures crash with equipment, workers and high voltage electricity cables in Helal construction project with RPNs of 420 and 490 respectively, considered as most significant critical risks. Discussion and Conclusion: It could be concluded there is posiibility to use risk assessment and incident modeling techniques in combined and analizing incident root causes and probable consequences in construction industries using Bowtie analysis method besides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Designing a model for measuring the critical risk of human resources in the capital market based on fuzzy FMEA method and Pareto principle
alireza jafari doudaran rouzbeh ghousi ahmad makui mostafa jafariWorking in financial institutions and the capital market is one of the most stressful and sensitive jobs in the world. Given the importance of the role of human resources in the performance and events of the capital market, in this study, an attempt has been made to pro MoreWorking in financial institutions and the capital market is one of the most stressful and sensitive jobs in the world. Given the importance of the role of human resources in the performance and events of the capital market, in this study, an attempt has been made to provide a model for analyzing and measuring the critical risks of human resources based on fuzzy FMEA and Pareto principle in the capital market. For this purpose, in the first step, multiple dimensions of risk were identified by semi-structured interviews with HR experts in the capital market, and factors affecting HR risk were identified and fitted to the model by using structural equation modeling method with Smart-PLS software. In the next step, the risk factors of RPN number were determined by FMEA method, which also used the concept of fuzzy logic to solve this deficiency in order to eliminate the weaknesses of FMEA method and to avoid uncertainty. Finally, human resource risks were measured and identified by Pareto Critical Risks based on the fuzzy FMEA method. The results indicate that the critical human resource risks are unethical behaviors (financial fraud), poor leadership, and inadequate rules and policies in the capital market, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - وجود جوابهای ضعیف برای یک سیستم مقدار مرزی فراکشنالی نیمه-خطی ولترا – فردهلم
الیاس شیوانیاناین مقاله به مطالعه جوابهای های ضعیف یک رده از سیستم غیر خطی از مسایل مقدار مرزی کسری شامل ترم های انتگرال خطی ولترا و فردهلم می پردازد. این سیستم معادلات انتگرال-دیفرانسیل نیمه خطی کسری ولترا-فردهلم همچنین دارای یک ترم گرادیان از یک جمله غیر خطی هست. ما تئوری نقطه بحرا Moreاین مقاله به مطالعه جوابهای های ضعیف یک رده از سیستم غیر خطی از مسایل مقدار مرزی کسری شامل ترم های انتگرال خطی ولترا و فردهلم می پردازد. این سیستم معادلات انتگرال-دیفرانسیل نیمه خطی کسری ولترا-فردهلم همچنین دارای یک ترم گرادیان از یک جمله غیر خطی هست. ما تئوری نقطه بحرانی و ساختار تغییراتی را برای اثبات وجود حداقل سه جواب ضعیف مجزا برای سیستم اعمال می کنیم. برای این منظور، ما از قضیه معروفی درباره ساخت مجموعه نقاط بحرانی از تابعکها با شرط فشردگی ضعیف بهره می بریم. علاوه بر این، مثالی برای تأیید آنالیز و کاربرد نظریه ارائه شده، آورده شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Social critique of Shamloo poems with emphasis on humor
ali sharbati ali sharbati Nahid AkbariOne of the tools that poets use to criticize society is humor. Humor is a kind of lyrical literature that has a unique power in creating enthusiasm and attracting the reader and it is achieved with a critical attitude. It has a special position in the history of Iranian MoreOne of the tools that poets use to criticize society is humor. Humor is a kind of lyrical literature that has a unique power in creating enthusiasm and attracting the reader and it is achieved with a critical attitude. It has a special position in the history of Iranian written culture and it is considered the highest degree of literary criticism. The capacity of the language of humor and other branches of humor, in the ambiguous expression of human problems and afflictions, especially in times of oppression and pressure, has made it one of the most influential literary genres. Liberal and social poets, committed to human excellence, in their period faced social problems, tyranny and injustice, which criticized their opposition in various ways, overtly and covertly, in the form of humor and ambiguity. This research has analyzed the methods of humor and comparison in the collection of poems and its purpose has been to show the techniques of humor and comparison in the poems of the contemporary Iranian poet Shamloo and analyzes his poems in the poet's community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Comparative Literature; Orientation. Formation and Innovation
Mehdi MomtahenIt's felicitous to mention that comparative literature is inchoate in the research world. It was born in recent years_19th and zo" century and has started from Europe to East. It's better to say that comparative literature and critical literature run concurrently. This MoreIt's felicitous to mention that comparative literature is inchoate in the research world. It was born in recent years_19th and zo" century and has started from Europe to East. It's better to say that comparative literature and critical literature run concurrently. This coexistence is a prelude of a precious evolution in literature and new schools such as French, American and English. American school is the result of cultural relationship between comparative literature and contemporary one, which the theory is a factor for innovating criticism in comparative literature. There are some theories which have shown that the comparative literature couldn't run with other critical schools concrurrently and rapidly. Thus we are responsible to pay more attention to these schools and study them in special way in inchoate countries and in the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The Study of Invalid Narrator in Paola Hawkins’s "The girl on the Train"
Lida Davoudi Behzad Pourgharib Abdulbaghi Rezaei TalarposhtiIn narratology, the narrator plays a vital role in making audience trust and believe the story. The present paper, focusing on Shlomith Rimmon- Kenan, discusses Paola Hawkins’s "The girl on the Train" (1927) from the viewpoint of invalidity of its narrator. Based MoreIn narratology, the narrator plays a vital role in making audience trust and believe the story. The present paper, focusing on Shlomith Rimmon- Kenan, discusses Paola Hawkins’s "The girl on the Train" (1927) from the viewpoint of invalidity of its narrator. Based on this theory, the major and fundamental reasons for the invalidity of the narrator rest on the narrator’s limited knowledge, personal intervention in the story, and his/her contradictory valuable criteria through narration. Due to his/her memory weakness, personal conflicts with the characters, complicated and contradictory value judgment regarding the story, he/she presents a biased narration about the story incidents. The findings show that the narration of the story is against the incidents occurring in the story world in such a way that it is impossible not to doubt about the accuracy of the statements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The Comparison of Islamic and Hindu Sufism in Jami's Poetry
Roya Ahmad Amarji Ali Eshghi SardehiAlthough Sufism itself was criticism literature origin, Jami's criticism poetry in ninth century changed the path of critical literature toward its source and mystic. The researches of the present paper and Jami's poetry show that his critical views is as the result of MoreAlthough Sufism itself was criticism literature origin, Jami's criticism poetry in ninth century changed the path of critical literature toward its source and mystic. The researches of the present paper and Jami's poetry show that his critical views is as the result of mystic realism conjunction and the will of the government to mysticism in order to acquire legitimacy. The aim of the critical literature was not to be included in Shia movement and verbal thoughts against poetic words or religious or factional prejudice; but it was to critic the Sufi who intended to enter the crown by Sufism rally in order to obtain the political power and control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - An Analysis on Interdiscourse conflicts in Hafiz's Poetries
Seyyed Hossein Jafari Saeed Zohrehvand Ali HeidariOne of the subjects which effects and plays a vital role in Hafiz's interpretation and is not paid attention too much is the conflicts in his words and poetries. These conflicts are researchable from two aspects: initially from couplets and single concepts and secondly MoreOne of the subjects which effects and plays a vital role in Hafiz's interpretation and is not paid attention too much is the conflicts in his words and poetries. These conflicts are researchable from two aspects: initially from couplets and single concepts and secondly from intertextuality point of view. The first group conflicts are the ones which are simple and is seen in many poets' works but the intertextual conflicts are of specific characteristics of Hafiz poetries. There are many intertextual conflicts in Hafiz poetry; some of them are critical – social, verbal and religious – ethical. The present article studies the origins of the mentioned conflicts as well as birth of a special discourse called love discourse which studies ideological conflict with rival. The method is discourse analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - A Critical Study of Orientalists’ Views on Distortion as Addition in the Holy Quran
Ebrahim Eghbal Farzad DehghaniDistortion is an issue that questions the originality and credibility of any book or mode of discourse. Attributing distortion to the Holy Quran has the same negative implications. One instance of the latest claims of distortion in the Holy Quran is that of addition, wh MoreDistortion is an issue that questions the originality and credibility of any book or mode of discourse. Attributing distortion to the Holy Quran has the same negative implications. One instance of the latest claims of distortion in the Holy Quran is that of addition, which is not so long standing, as older scholars had mainly discussed such claims as incompleteness and change. However, in the last two centuries, orientalists have spread this specific claim, referring to as much as ten verses. This claim is based on the orientalists’ understanding of the Holy Quran’s texture, style, and content, in addition to their dependence on some sources on Islamic tradition, exegesis, and history. These claims are readily refutable relying on the same sources that have inspired such assertions. The present article attempts to critically analyze half of these so-called theories, in order to reassert the undisputable infallibility of the Holy Quran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Seeing moon in the current era
sedighe Mosadegh sedghiDeterm ining the first day of lunar months is all important thing to do specially tor performing religious duties.So determining the first day of' 'shavwa" has the great importance in comparison to the other months due to being dubious about do.ng two obligatory and for MoreDeterm ining the first day of lunar months is all important thing to do specially tor performing religious duties.So determining the first day of' 'shavwa" has the great importance in comparison to the other months due to being dubious about do.ng two obligatory and forbidden things-fasting on the last day of Ramadan and breaking: it on the first day of Shavwal.Determining the first day ofShavwal is one of the religious subjects and it is the duty of followers of that rei igion but due to being unable to investigate personally in this field.they usually refer to their religious authorities The jurists and astronomers have constantly attempted in the field of determining the first day of Shavwal Regarding the credit that lmamye jurisprudence has given to the meditative method and referring to the experts in all fields.v.e can nut neglect the importance of jurisprudence and astronomy cooperation on determining the first day of Shavwal. l ndeed.astronorners opinions can be :11 the service of religious authorities to lessen the probability of error.The current research is tr) ing to pace "long with these two sciences while offering solutions trorn jurisprudence and astronomy science. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Critical Discourse Analysis of Chicago by Alaa Aswani based on Norman Fairclough's theory
ولی بهاروند نعیم عموری پروین خلیلیThe critical discourse analysis is one of the new trends examining the social dimensions of discourse. In this approach, discourse is examined in the context of the social situation contained in the text. One of its pioneers is Norman Fairclough, whose interest in criti MoreThe critical discourse analysis is one of the new trends examining the social dimensions of discourse. In this approach, discourse is examined in the context of the social situation contained in the text. One of its pioneers is Norman Fairclough, whose interest in critical discourse analysis is related to language and society. This approach is based on three levels: description, Interpretation and explanation. Chicago novel is one of the most famous modern Egyptian ones by Alaa al-Aswani, which discusses Egyptian issues in a premodern context. In this article, we examine the critical analysis of Alaa al-Aswani's novel "Chicago" based on three levels of Norman Fairclough's theory in a descriptive-analytical manner. The results show that words and structures such as; pronouns and adverbs,and the type of news and composition sentences play an important role in the novel's discourse and events. The level of Interpretation, the context of the discourse and the type of ideology in the text show us that Aswani criticizes colonial countries such as the United States and the dictatorial regime of Egypt, and points out that Egypt is the center of a great civilization. The author reflects on the level of domination and ideology in the text, and the most important ideology in this novel is the critique of US intervention in the Middle East and Egypt, as well as the dictatorial regime of Hosni Mubarak supported by the United States. He also discusses other issues such as; Westernization of intellectuals, racism, dictatorship, poverty, and authoritarianism . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Comparative Study on Critical Realism in French and Arabic Contemporary Novels
Peyman Salehi Malek Abdi Parvin Khalili Afsaneh JarastCritical realism school which explains and expresses the fact of a society was initially manifested in France. Since this school mostly manifested in novels in one hand and Naguib Mahfouz – founder of Egypt modern novelist – and Romain Rolland – famous MoreCritical realism school which explains and expresses the fact of a society was initially manifested in France. Since this school mostly manifested in novels in one hand and Naguib Mahfouz – founder of Egypt modern novelist – and Romain Rolland – famous French writer – had critical realism method in fictional literature on the other hand, the present paper studies the critical realism process in "Palace Walk" by Naguib Mahfouz and "Pierre et Luce" by Romain Rolland in descriptive – analytical method. Both are the novels based on France and Egypt's events during 1914 to 1919 – years of World War I. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - A Study on Critical Realism Manifestation in Resistance Poetries by Majid Al-Barghouthi
Katayoun Fallahi Masoud Bavan Pouri Parvin KhaliliRealism is in fact the real life drama of human society and surveying the existing facts and issues. In the present world, most of poets and authors of realism – critical school have studied colonialist countries such as the United States and Zionist Regime to exp MoreRealism is in fact the real life drama of human society and surveying the existing facts and issues. In the present world, most of poets and authors of realism – critical school have studied colonialist countries such as the United States and Zionist Regime to express their despoilment which caused to create valuable artistic and literary works. The mentioned issue became more remarkable in Arabic contemporary literature after Palestine concern and has affected many contemporary poets. One of those contemporary poets was Majid Al-Barghouthi who was familiar with western language and culture and critical realism manifests in his works notably. He was fan of Islamic nation and government which were oppressed by the United States and Zionist Regime. The present paper intends to study the manifestation of social – critical realism in resistance poetry with descriptive – analytical method. The results show that he surveyed the political, historical, social and cultural aspects of Palestine's poverty, prisoners and homeless' pain and suffer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Concept of Security in Theory (Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism, Criticism)
shahram askari hesn Ebrahim Anoosheh niloofarsadat emraniAbstract The present research aims to analyze the concept of security in Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism and Critical theories over the past time periods and the process of traditional theories development hitherto. Thinkers and politicians in particular conjecture MoreAbstract The present research aims to analyze the concept of security in Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism and Critical theories over the past time periods and the process of traditional theories development hitherto. Thinkers and politicians in particular conjecture strongly that the traditional concept of security is the purpose of the states, first and foremost, for their protection and survival in utmost self-help. The approach towards the element of security exists in the form of traditional assumptions of international relations steeped in military nature, military equipment and the dominant pessimistic perception. Thereupon achievement of absolute security has been prevailed among traditional theories, but the researcher believes that as the time goes by, Liberalism dominates and then subjectivist approaches develop, therefore the fixed meaning of security defined in terms of traditions and Realism no longer exists. Thus the concept of security undergoes changes when redefined. Meanwhile, its scope of meaning has been broadened in the form of different new concepts. By investigating the topics and opinions of the above four approaches thinkers as well as the data and the findings, this study aims to answer the following question, “To what extent has the concept of security undergone changes in the course of development of these four approaches? The provisional answer indicates that security in these approaches encompassing different ontology and epistemology methodologies in the course of time includes a variety of subject areas from new subjects with different interpretations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Revolutionary Seminary (Hawzeh), Maintaining the Islamic Republic of Iran Regime
مسعود پورفردUndoubtedly, seminaries have stood by and are standing by the Islamic regimes as to their inherent features and main function; role of religious reference authorities, seminary scholars and clerics has been an avant-garde and forerunning role in the past century, partic MoreUndoubtedly, seminaries have stood by and are standing by the Islamic regimes as to their inherent features and main function; role of religious reference authorities, seminary scholars and clerics has been an avant-garde and forerunning role in the past century, particularly in the Islamic Revolution. Following the idea of the supreme leader about seminaries being revolutionary, this paper seeks to explore the factors of maintaining revolutionary morale beside function of maintaining, supporting and constructively criticizing the Islamic regime of Iran. For the supreme leader, “relation of clergymen with the Islamic regime is that of support and advice”. Naturally, this requires functional and revolutionary discourse to stop the perilous campaigns leading to anti-revolution state of seminaries in a well-conceived and acceptable process and revolutionary morale that is transcendentally originated from political thought of Imam Khomeini and the supreme leader is elucidated. Because this paper deals with revolutionary seminary and the issue of maintaining regime, basic alternatives for monitoring and supporting the Islamic Republic of Iran regime have been taken into account in three components of culture, economics and politics by means of analytic-descriptive methodology; totally, six major features of the revolutionary seminary including updated Islamic culture, promulgation of interaction and discourse, anti-destitution morale, morale of solving public livelihood and economic problems, systemic creativity and thinking in politics and finally promotion of competitively political partnership have been discussed. Of course, in each point of discussion, firstly, characteristics of revolutionary seminary, secondly, supervisory role and aftermaths and positive-negative effect of such features have been referred to. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Examining the Stylistic Features of the Novel "Roots in the Depths" with a Critical Stylistics Approach
mahboobe besmelThis research seeks to analyze the novel "Roots in the Depths" from the perspective of critical stylistics and to answer the question of how one can achieve the hidden ideology of text using specific stylistic components. In this article, the novel was considered based MoreThis research seeks to analyze the novel "Roots in the Depths" from the perspective of critical stylistics and to answer the question of how one can achieve the hidden ideology of text using specific stylistic components. In this article, the novel was considered based on the characteristics of critical stylistics. The aim of this study is to reach an in-depth interpretation of the work. Because, from the perspective of critical stylistics, it is easier to reach the hidden manifestations of ideology, domination, power, and prevailing discourse of the novel, and to reflect on how language reproduces these social concepts. The novel "Roots in the Deep" deals with the warriors and veterans’ issues. Shafi's - a war veteran - resistance as a representative of the national (religious) discourse against life difficulties and local and traditional laws and his hopefulness shows the failure of local discourse and its being bobtailed and, conversely, the authority, being promising and continuity of the national (religious) discourse over time. The present article is organized by descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - A Critical Analysis of the Record and Exegesis of Some couplets from Shahnameh
mahmoud rezaei dasht arzhaneh MohammadHosein Karami Shahla AmoozegarFerdowsi's Shahnameh (The Book of Kings) is the greatest and the most valuable Iranian national epic. Despite its simple-looking appearance, the epic has a great and complicated depth so that, far all the ongoing glosses and reports of the scholars of Shahnameh, there i MoreFerdowsi's Shahnameh (The Book of Kings) is the greatest and the most valuable Iranian national epic. Despite its simple-looking appearance, the epic has a great and complicated depth so that, far all the ongoing glosses and reports of the scholars of Shahnameh, there is no unanimous consent on many of its couplets. In this study subsequent to analyzing some of the couplets in the version edited by Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh and recounting the perspectives of the scholars of the epic, it was revealed that the record of some couplets is far from clear. This ambiguity emanates from either lack of attention to the context or from the wrong or unambiguous record of a word or phrase in the couplets. Thus in we explored critically how some couplets have been recorded and, based on numerous pieces of evidence, a more appropriate spelling was suggested. So after critically analyzing the reports of some couplets and representing the incongruities, we have sought to present a more proper interpretation by drawing on clues within and outside the text of the work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Studying the skills of critical thinking, self-awareness, empathy, decision making and communication in the stories by Farhad Hassanzadeh
Jahangir Safari Sajad NajafibehzadiThe thinking skills of self-awareness, empathy, decision-making and communication play an important role in the lives of children and adolescents. Child and adolescent writers can enhance these skills in children through the world of fiction and novels. Kids need to lea MoreThe thinking skills of self-awareness, empathy, decision-making and communication play an important role in the lives of children and adolescents. Child and adolescent writers can enhance these skills in children through the world of fiction and novels. Kids need to learn some skills to enter the community and life. Skills that prepare children to face life's challenges and problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the skills of self-awareness, decision-making, empathy and critical thinking in fiction works by Farhad Hassanzadeh. The research method is qualitative and quantitative analysis of the content of the works. The results of this study showed that among the skills studied, empathy and self-awareness skills had the most application among other skills. Among the components of self-awareness skills, the component of recognizing weaknesses and strengths and among the components of empathy skill, components of respect for others and friendliness have the most application. Another point is the lack of attention to components such as tolerance of individuals and attention to their values, critical thinking, and recognition of rights and responsibilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Linguistic Study of Three Beginnings in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh
Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi Thurollah Nourozi Davoodkhani Ali Mohammad Moazzeni Nasrullah ZirakThe knowledge of modern linguistics and the collation of literary texts, which linguists refer to as "critical discourse from the point of view of semantic semiotics", is the science in which the collator of writing seeks a deep understanding of the various layers of th MoreThe knowledge of modern linguistics and the collation of literary texts, which linguists refer to as "critical discourse from the point of view of semantic semiotics", is the science in which the collator of writing seeks a deep understanding of the various layers of thought and the atmosphere of composition. The texts go beyond the sentences and the context of the speech according to the artistic position and its position is linguistically explored and reveals the metatextual vision of the writer or the songwriter.Therefore, the author of the present research explores the hidden message in the linguistic layers of the three beginnings in the most precious epic masterpiece of the Persian language, Shahnameh with the following titles: "In the name of God" , the tragic poems "Rostam and Sohrab" and "Rostam and Esfandiar" in a descriptive-analytical method to explore the critical discourse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Sociology of Hafiz’s Ghazals with an Emphasis on the Critical Discourse
Farhad Tahmasbi -
Open Access Article
86 - Critical Realism in Simin Daneshvar’s Sovashoun
Fateme Mohseni -
Open Access Article
87 - A Brief View through Critical Discourse Analysis on T.S. Eliot’s Thoughts in ″Burnt Norton ″ Karaj Azad University Branc
Fazel Asadi Amjad Hassan Mansourkiaee -
Open Access Article
88 - Critical Study of Stylistics in Fariba Vafi’s A Secret in the Allies
Mehri TalkhabiThis article is to study Fariba Vafi’s novel of A secret in the Alleys, applying a critical stylistics approach in order to find an answer for the fundamental question of “how the covert ideology and discourse behind the lines of the novel can be reveal by m MoreThis article is to study Fariba Vafi’s novel of A secret in the Alleys, applying a critical stylistics approach in order to find an answer for the fundamental question of “how the covert ideology and discourse behind the lines of the novel can be reveal by means of examining its stylistics?” The research was conducted via a layer stylistic approach, i.e. at first, the outer layer and situational context, and then the narrative and textual layers have been examined. The purpose of this descriptive-analytical study is to show the interpretation and deep understanding of the novel; because, from the perspective of critical stylistics, the covert ideology, authority, power, and discourse prevailing the story can be better understood. It also can lead the readers to find out how the language reproduces those social implications. At the end, this article concludes that, the contrasting characters and discourses, as well as the negative aspect of the language used in the narration, could be the manifestations of the stylistics that lead the reader to discover the ideology behind the lines of the novel – which is here the suppression of women in a patriarchal system and their passive reaction toward it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Investigation on Hot Tearing Susceptibility of A201 Aluminum Alloy in Different Ingate Velocities and Molds
M. H Ayandeh A. A Kashi M. Ghambarian H. Karimi A. Mootabha A. Khoyini E.M. Boushehri -
Open Access Article
90 - Investigation on the Simultaneous Effects of Zn Additions and Critical Ingate Velocity on the Hot Tearing Susceptibility of A356 and A206 Aluminum Alloys
M. Ghambarian S.M.A. Boutorabi F. Shahri -
Open Access Article
91 - The role of political and social discourses in holy defense genre
Milad Nourian Ramsheh Houreyeh Dehghan ShadThis research is about the effect that the change of governments and the change of political discourses, has had an effect on the cinematic works of the holy defense genre? From the beginning of the war until now, different governments have come to power with different MoreThis research is about the effect that the change of governments and the change of political discourses, has had an effect on the cinematic works of the holy defense genre? From the beginning of the war until now, different governments have come to power with different views, each of which has had a specific discourse. The discourses that each had their own point of view on political, cultural, social and economic issues. In fact, the diversity of governments' views on these issues has had a direct impact on their view of war, as evidenced by the holy defense films of each period. Ebrahim Hatamikia, as one of the filmmakers of the holy defense genre, has studied the various dimensions of war in his works since the beginning of the war and seeks the relationship of the state with the phenomenon of war and holy defense. In this research, we want to understand what effect politics has had on the works of holy defense genre and to what extent have these films been influenced by the circumstances of each political period? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Weed management in cold season food legumes (chickpeas (Cice arietinumr L.) and lentils (Lens culinaris L.)) in Iran: challenges, findings and future approaches.
Ebrahi Izedi Darbandi Rahim Bakhsh Mohammad Nezadand Seyyed Karim MousaviAmong pulses, chickpea and lentil have important characteristics such as resistance to drought and tolerance to cold dtress; It is very important and in terms of cultivated area in Iran, they rank first and third respectively. Since thet are weak competitors with weeds, MoreAmong pulses, chickpea and lentil have important characteristics such as resistance to drought and tolerance to cold dtress; It is very important and in terms of cultivated area in Iran, they rank first and third respectively. Since thet are weak competitors with weeds, especially in the early stages of growth, weeds are one of the serious problems in their production and yield gap. So their damage has been reported more than 90%. Therefore, weed control is one of the most important programs in chickpea and lentil management. In this regard, the review of the researchs conducted in order to adopt a suitable approach for weed management and control, can play an important role in reducing yield gap and provide a perspective for future researches in Iran. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the research conducted in weed control of chickpea and lentil in Iran. According to the reports, Iran's chickpea and lentil fields are infected with a wide range of broad and narrow leaf weeds, especially from the plant families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae and Poaceae. Considering the critical period of weed control in lentil and chickpea in Iran (30 to 60 days after planting), their control (mechanical, agronomical and chemical) in this period is necessary to obtain an acceptable yield. The most important limitation in the entezari planting of chickpea and lentil weeds are weeds, which due to the decrease in rainfall in the Iran and the importance of changing the growing season from spring to autumn, it is necessary to pay attention to the control of weeds in this planting system. Considering the existence of grass killer herbicides in the Iran, chemical control of grassy weeds in chickpea and lentil is less difficult, and for chemical control of broad leaf weeds, pyridite, trifluralin, fumsafen, isoxaflotel and piroxasulfone and the mixture of sulfentrazone + flumioxazin herbicides have been reported to be acceptable in chickpea and pendimetalin for lentil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - cash of Ode “Andalusian wounds of Iraq” Based on Lacla and Mouffe Approach
پرویز احمدزاده هوچ Ali Sayadani Abdolahad Gheibi Atefeh RahmaniCritical Discourse Analysis (CDA) plays an important part in finding insights into a discourse. CDA runs a contentious examination of texts and plays a significant part in expression of textual implications and connotations. It helps going over the formalistic gloss of MoreCritical Discourse Analysis (CDA) plays an important part in finding insights into a discourse. CDA runs a contentious examination of texts and plays a significant part in expression of textual implications and connotations. It helps going over the formalistic gloss of the text which poses barriers to capturing its true sense. It helps discover underlying discourse and latent layers of meanings. CDA differs from discourse analysis in terms of its methodology of examination. It is not pure examination of text or discourse within the textual framework. Boshra albostani, a renowned contemporary Iraqi poetess with a prominent poetic status. The distinctive linguistic structures of her poems have captured the attention of researchers. Employing Laclau and Mouffe approach, this research attempts to examine Al Bostani’s Ode of “Andalusian wounds of Iraq”. As one of her notable works, this ode signals a civilizational attitude as it was composed during years of Iraq’s occupation. The theme of resistance is the centralsignifier of this work while betrayal and handing the keys to the country to outsiders form other signifiers around which other secondary signifiers are articulated. Chain of Equivalence takes shape to breaks the discourse of others. In an ideological foray, it attempts to unveil the actual, consistence identity of the other party. Here, the poet relies on an inspiring, dynamic poetic language to enchantingly portray the exposition of the actual identity of the other party. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Analyzing critical parables in Farrokhi's and Forough poems with the approach of social influences
Hosein Mehrabibardar mohammadali sharifiyan rajab fakhraeiyanCritical parables are one of the last tools of elite thinkers and poets to protest against the atmosphere of suffocation and suffocation prevailing in the society. The importance of this research is to know that in a society reform is formed in the real sense and growth MoreCritical parables are one of the last tools of elite thinkers and poets to protest against the atmosphere of suffocation and suffocation prevailing in the society. The importance of this research is to know that in a society reform is formed in the real sense and growth and perfection are realized, that critiques based on reasoning from the intellectual class become common. The purpose of this research is to examine Farrokhi's allegorical-critical poems along with similar examples from the Holy Quran, Nahj al-Balagha and great poets, especially with a descriptive-analytical method based on library sources, and the critical view of Farrokhi in his allegorical poems according to the prevailing conditions. to be analyzed in the bowl of social literature on its own time. No background was found on the topic of critical parables of Farrokhi poems. The method of research was extracting allegorical-critical poems in Divan and analyzing them. The question is whether the allegorical criticisms of Farrokhi had an impact on the social developments of that time or not? He sees no other way than to express the facts in the form of plain and sometimes allegorical, metaphorical and ironic prose. Because he has tried the path of evangelism and gossip before, like all the freedom fighters of history, he knows the hard end, but he believes that he keeps the light of awareness on, and because his choice is a conscious courage, even if his life is on the line, he conveys his words and his message. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Analysis of critical allegories in the story of "Ganeh Ganehai Zard" with political issues and social effects in order to enlighten the audience
Maryam Alizadeh Kamran Pashaei Fakhri Parvane AdelzadeCritical fiction is one of the most obvious fields in which social issues and problems are well represented. In some social periods, writers could not easily express their opinions due to the political suffocation of the society, they used indirect methods of expression MoreCritical fiction is one of the most obvious fields in which social issues and problems are well represented. In some social periods, writers could not easily express their opinions due to the political suffocation of the society, they used indirect methods of expression such as critical allegories to express their opinions, thoughts and criticisms. Since the examination of critical parables is necessary to show thoughts and criticisms of the political, social and historical situation of the society in order to enlighten the audience, the purpose of the research is to examine the actions and critical allegorical behaviors in the story of "Ganeh Ganehai Zard" with a political approach and social influences in order to enlighten the audience. In this article, we intend to mention some examples based on political, historical and social allegory from the text of the story and examine the social harm caused by it and answer the question that; What is the effect of critical allegorical actions and behaviors with a political, social and historical approach in the story of "Ganeh Ganehai Zard" in the direction of enlightening the audience? The data collection method of this research was done in a library manner and has a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of the research show that the author has portrayed the political and social effects of dictatorial, dictatorial and colonial actions and behaviors and the resulting social harms to enlighten the audience with critical parables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Allegorical anecdotes in the poems of Akhavan Saleh, Based on discourse analysis theories
leila galavi Mostafa Salari Behrouz RomianiOne of the eldest and at the same time, the most effective literary device, is expressing a subject through allegorical exemplum. In this method by using a simile structure, the poet tries to present an inner meaning in his mind, while it is actually the tenor, througho MoreOne of the eldest and at the same time, the most effective literary device, is expressing a subject through allegorical exemplum. In this method by using a simile structure, the poet tries to present an inner meaning in his mind, while it is actually the tenor, throughout a story, which is actually the vehicle of the simile structure. In the present survey which is an essential one, the data is obtained through library studies and then they are analyzed throughout a descriptive method, based on discourse analysis, specially, the critical discourse analysis theory by Norman Fairclough, the reasons and the manner of Mehdi Akhavan Sales, a contemporary Persian poet, allegorical exemplum usage in his poetry is discussed. Akhavan, whose contents of his poems are mostly based on the social affairs of his time, uses allegorical exemplum for different reasons, such as: increasing the effects on his readers, as well as saving himself from the political- social dangerous impacts of such poems. In so many of his poems which consist of allegorical exemplum, the vehicles of vast detailed simile structures are affairs such as: poverty, loneliness, honour, oppression, and the valuable culture of Iran, while the tenors are allegorical exemplum, with different subjects, settings, and characters. Finding the tenor out of the vehicle through a systematic targeted method based on the Fairclough’s theory which has three phases, is completely possible and the processes can be offered to interpret other allegorical exemplum in other poet’s works, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Thermodynamic Analysis of a Modified Two-Stage Trans-Critical CO2 Refrigeration Cycle with Multi Inter-Cooling System
Ahmad Reza Rahmati Ali Gheibi -
Open Access Article
98 - Analysis of Off-road Performance for a Tracked Vehicle
MohamadReza Elhami -
Open Access Article
99 - Predicting parenting styles based on educational motivation and critical thinking mediated by hardiness in second grade female students
parnian rezazadeh mahbobeh aslami Soroush AlimardaniThe aim of this study was to predict parenting styles based on educational motivation and critical thinking with respect to the mediating role of hardiness. The research method was applied research and its implementation method was descriptive (non-experimental) and the MoreThe aim of this study was to predict parenting styles based on educational motivation and critical thinking with respect to the mediating role of hardiness. The research method was applied research and its implementation method was descriptive (non-experimental) and the research design was relational - Correlation and mediator analysis. The statistical population of this study was female primary school students in KARAJ (district 4) in 2017, from which 400 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Research data were collected through these ways: parenting style questionnaire (Baumrind, 1971), educational motivation questionnaire (Harter, 1980), Ricketts critical thinking orientation questionnaire (Ricketts, 2003) and Ahvaz Hardiness Inventory, (2000). In order to test the hypotheses and analyze the data, multiple regression and SOBEL test were used. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between dictatorial, authoritarian and negligent parenting styles with students' educational motivation and critical thinking (P = 0.001). Also, educational motivation and critical thinking were able to predict parenting styles due to their hardiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The effect of critical thinking skills training on improvement of creativity, academic self-efficacy, and psychological well-being among first-year high-school girls
Atefeh Saedi Mohammad Ali Zarei Maryam NasiriThe main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of critical thinking skills training on improving creativity, academic self-efficacy and psychological well-being of students in Ahvaz. The study was conducted on a quasi-experimental basis with th MoreThe main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of critical thinking skills training on improving creativity, academic self-efficacy and psychological well-being of students in Ahvaz. The study was conducted on a quasi-experimental basis with the control group. The research statistical population included all female first-year high-school students of Ahvaz city.By purposive sampling, 30 students were selected as study sample and randomly assigned into two equal groups of experimental and control. Research instruments included the Abedi Creativity Questionnaire (Abedi, 2003), the Murises Educational Self-Efficacy Scale (Murises, 2001), and the Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff, 1989). To analyze the data, inferential statistical methods were used such as univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and SPSS statistical software (Version 25). The findings showed that the applied intervention increased the levels of creativity, academic self-efficacy and psychological well-being of students. Therefore, the intervention of critical thinking skills training to help female students is effective and recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Shylock’s Speech in The Merchant of Venice: Critical Discourse Analysis
Hamada Dawood Nimer A. A. Abuzahra Mohammed Farrah -
Open Access Article
102 - The Comparative Effect of Portfolio Assessment and Peer-Assessment on EFL Learners' Critical Thinking and Speaking Achievement
Behdokht Mall-Amiri Haleh Askarzadeh -
Open Access Article
103 - Male and Female Social Actor Representation in Four Corners 4: A Critical Discourse Perspective
Ali Roohani -
Open Access Article
104 - The Effect of Critical Thinking Skills on Reading English Novels
Ashraf Haji Maibodi -
Open Access Article
105 - Using Convergent and Divergent Tasks through Critical Thinking in Writing Classes
Hamid Marashi Rahil Akbar-Hosseini -
Open Access Article
106 - Impact of Critical Thinking Instruction Through Argument Mapping Techniques on Iranian Male and Female EFL Learners’ Critical Thinking Ability and Reading Skill
Mohammad Ali Esfandiari Ehsan Rezvani Bahram Hadian -
Open Access Article
107 - Shedding Light on Ecological Critical Language Awareness Construct: A Questionnaire Development and Validation Study in the Iranian EFL Context
Ghazaleh Cheraghpour Samvati Parviz Maftoon Mojgan Rashtchi -
Open Access Article
108 - Professionalism as a Predictor of Reflective Teaching and Criticality of EFL Teachers
َAdel Dastgoshadeh Kaveh Jalilzadeh -
Open Access Article
109 - Critical theory impact on the curriculum studies theorizing
Sirus Mansoori Mohammad Hasan Karimi Majid Kowsary Meimanat Abedini BaltorkCritical theory in recent decades have been affected field of education and curriculum studies that its results are emergence of terms and theories such as the reproduction theory, resistance theory and hidden curriculum that used frequently in educational texts. The ge MoreCritical theory in recent decades have been affected field of education and curriculum studies that its results are emergence of terms and theories such as the reproduction theory, resistance theory and hidden curriculum that used frequently in educational texts. The general idea of critical theorists that generally are Neo-Marxist is based on conflict between the dominant and the dominated in education. This paper has examined at analysis approach, both study of critical theory, and also theories derived from the field of curriculum studies. In addition, given the criticisms and then its application to curriculum. Theories and key concepts derived from critical theory are including the reproduction theory, resistance theory and hidden curriculum which are discussed in this article. Reproduction theory is following this idea that educational system and the curriculum by providing specific conditions to reproduce the existing culture and is in domination hands. Hidden curriculum refers to the fact that in the context of the school curriculum, but conscious, students push gives to the ruling system. Resistance theory that the human factor at this point important is believed that Students and down stairs in the school curriculum is resistant to existence curriculum. Finally, the paper looks at the application of some elements of the curriculum based on critical theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Effect of Critical Thinking, Problem Solving and Meta-Cognitive on Students' Self-Directed Learning
محمد علی نادی مریم گردانشکن محسن گلپرورThis study aimed to assess effects of training critical thinking, problem solving and meta-cognitive on students' self- directed learning. Fifty undergraduate student of Islamic Azad university of Khorasgan were selected randomly and then they divided randomly into ex MoreThis study aimed to assess effects of training critical thinking, problem solving and meta-cognitive on students' self- directed learning. Fifty undergraduate student of Islamic Azad university of Khorasgan were selected randomly and then they divided randomly into experimental and control groups. Test group were trained about critical thinking, problem solving and meta-cognitive in 6 sessions. Fischer et al' scale (2001) was used as an instrument for measuring self- directed learning before and after training. Data analysis was done using analysis of covariance. Research findings indicated a significant impact of teaching critical thinking, problem solving and meta-cognitive on the total scores of self- directed learning and its components (self-management, desire for learning, and self control). According to the data analysis, training critical thinking, problem solving and meta-cognitive will increase total score of self- directed learning and its components (self-management, desire for learning, and self control). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - The Effect of Research-Based Teaching Method on Critical Thinking of Students of Master Degree in Educational Planning at Azad University of Sari
Mohammad Mahbobeh Jafari Rostami, Mohammad Hajizad Seyedeh Mahbobeh Jafari RostamiThe main goal of this research is to study the effects of the research-oriented teaching method on critical thinking of graduated students in educational planning at sari-based Islamic Azad University. The present survey is semi experimental in term of data collection a MoreThe main goal of this research is to study the effects of the research-oriented teaching method on critical thinking of graduated students in educational planning at sari-based Islamic Azad University. The present survey is semi experimental in term of data collection and applied in term of the goal. The statistical community includes all educational planning graduated students of Sari-based Islamic Azad University as 210 ones. The sampling method is simple random. In the present study, the standard test questionnaire of California Form B critical thinking skills (CCTST-B)(1990) (1990)have been employed. In order to determine the content and formal validity, the study questionnaires have been presented to some field-related exports, masters, guides and advisors to be reviewed that all of them confirmed the questionnaires’ validity to be used for the study. To further guarantee their reliability, 30 questionnaires have been executed before the final run randomly and their alpha-Cronbach has been estimated at 0.78 level. It should be noted that the course of advanced teaching method in the weekly program of Azad University of Sari was held one day a week and Wednesdays. In the first session, the implementation of critical thinking questionnaire Form B and Comic creativity was completed as a pre-test in both experimental and control classes. During the implementation period, the teaching-driven teaching with emphasis on the use of the teaching method of exploration as an independent variable, the researcher was fully associated with the professor and was present in the test class and when faced with the problem, he provided the necessary guidance, then at the end of the eighth session, the same questionnaires were completed as a post-test in both experimental and control classes. Research-based teaching has influenced the variable "critical thinking". Also, teaching-driven research among critical thinking components (interpretive skills, assessment skills, inferential skills, deductive skills, and inductive skills) did not only affect the component of interpretive skills and affected other components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Investigation of the compatibility of claims in rival curriculum theories for democratic citizenship based on a Schwabean perspective
محمود مهر محمدیThis essay is predicated on the assumption that pursuing the goal of democratic citizenship is acceptable within an Islamic view of education. To justify this claim the appeal, among other evidences, is made to the analysis of the term of Islamic Republic coined by the MoreThis essay is predicated on the assumption that pursuing the goal of democratic citizenship is acceptable within an Islamic view of education. To justify this claim the appeal, among other evidences, is made to the analysis of the term of Islamic Republic coined by the founder of this political system. The bulk of the paper, then, focuses on three rival curriculum theories with the common ideal of democracy as the preferred social order. The three theories are rational humanism, critical and progressivism. To assess the viability of the common claim to democracy and nurturing the quality of democratic citizenship, the author has suggested the criteria of deliberation derived from Schwab’s practical perspective. The scrutiny that followed based on this novel criteria led to the conclusion that progressivism fares more adequate than the other two theories Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Reflection on the barriers to critical thinking in the curriculum of secondary education
وحیده علی پور مریم سیف نراقی عزت اله نادری علی شریعتمداریThe aim of this study is to investigate the factors that hinder critical thinking in the Iran high school curriculum. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were exploited in this research. In the qualitative part, curriculum development experts participated MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the factors that hinder critical thinking in the Iran high school curriculum. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were exploited in this research. In the qualitative part, curriculum development experts participated through the deep interviews. 18 experts (educationalists) were chosen as the cases for study through biased sampling. For the quantitative episode, 97 curriculum development experts and 375 high school teachers in Tehran completed a questionnaire developed by the researchers. The qualitative results were concluded to a total of 27 primary concepts and seven main issues. The quantitative results were revealed that developing critical thinking in high school associated with some barriers, such as low attention paid to the skills of analysis, synthesis, ambiguity tolerance, risk taking, and accepting the opponent views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The Comparative study of Three Current Views on Critical Thinking and their educational implication: based on the Richard Paul, Robert Ennis and Bertrand Russellâ s point of view
fatemeh vojdani mahdi sajadiCritical thinking is an important part of education and should be considered in all parts of curriculum in all levels. The essence and the nature of critical thinking, its chief principals and its reinforcing plans are what going to be studied in this essay, using a des MoreCritical thinking is an important part of education and should be considered in all parts of curriculum in all levels. The essence and the nature of critical thinking, its chief principals and its reinforcing plans are what going to be studied in this essay, using a descriptive-analytical and comparative method.The results show that these three approaches toward critical thinking are not in the same way, especially Russell’s viewpoint which is more different. Specifically, critical thinking has been discussed by Paul and Ennis, and both have purposed exact plans for its practicality and integrating it to the educational curriculum. Their approach, also, have a lot in common with psychological approach, too. But Russell’s viewpoint is of theoretical and philosophical one. He explained and justified critical thinking from a humanistic viewpoint. Regardless of these differences, applying critical thinking both in believes and actions of the teachers is the vary point with which they are, all, agreed. They believe that these points not only should be thought but also should be put into practice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Investigation of tendency toward critical thinking in secondary school teachers and its role on their teaching style
MORTEZA KARAMI MALIHE RAJAEI MARZIEH NAMKHAHRecently, studying on critical thinking disposition and its related factors as one of the teacher’s professional competences has attracted many education experts. The present study investigated the trend of critical thinking in high school teachers and its role in MoreRecently, studying on critical thinking disposition and its related factors as one of the teacher’s professional competences has attracted many education experts. The present study investigated the trend of critical thinking in high school teachers and its role in their preferred teaching style. The study was descriptive and correlation. The study population included all of 4115 female high school teachers in the city of Mashhad in 2012-2013 academic year. Kukran formula and cluster random sampling of 110 teachers were selected. Research tools were the questionnaire of teaching style (Mousa Poor, 1998) and critical thinking disposition criteria of Ricketts (2003). The findings from this study showed a significant meaning (r = 0.48, p < 0.001) and teachers tendency toward active teaching style was more than passive and the overall critical thinking disposition of teachers was desirable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Examining critical thinking in University graduate students
parvaneh valavi somayeh bagherpour javad shahsavariThe purpose of recent article was to consider the critical thinking situation between graduate students. The population of this descriptive-survey research included 900 MA. graduate students in Shahid Chamran University in Ahvaz (2012-2013) that have passed their course MoreThe purpose of recent article was to consider the critical thinking situation between graduate students. The population of this descriptive-survey research included 900 MA. graduate students in Shahid Chamran University in Ahvaz (2012-2013) that have passed their courses. 172 students were selected as a sample by random stratified sampling (Morgan sampling chart). The research instruments were California questionnaire of form B and the data analysis method included two parts: descriptive and inference statistics. The independent t test method and one-way variance analysis were used in the inference statistics by using SPSS 19. The research findings showed that the critical thinking skills between students were low. The evaluation skill mean in the educational science and psychology group and analysis skill and inference skill mean in the technical and engineering group were higher than other groups. The low level skills of the critical thinking in graduate students showed that higher education did not act well in curriculum and educational methods and teaching for training critic and thoughtful students. If higher education wants to train the people with careful, identical, rational, critical mind, it should revise its educational domain Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Explaining and analyzing the sixth grade literature book in the critical analysis frame of discourse
محمدحسن کریمی شهرزاد شاه سنی فهیمه کشاورزی رضا ناصری جهرمیThe critical investigation of textbooks gave a person this ability to notice the hidden points more and better and recognize the author’s real meaning and purpose. The general purpose of this research was to consider and analyze discourse components of the sixth g MoreThe critical investigation of textbooks gave a person this ability to notice the hidden points more and better and recognize the author’s real meaning and purpose. The general purpose of this research was to consider and analyze discourse components of the sixth grade literature book on the basis of the analysis pattern of critical discourse. The type of this descriptive research was quantitative. The population was the sixth grade literature book in 2012-2013 and the sample is the same population on the basis of criterion sampling. The books content was analyzed by using Van loon pattern. The results showed the expression components were pictured more than omission components and hidden expression. Therefore the authors used poems and stories in order to affect more because the sixth grade literature books want to influence on children through poems, parables, learning stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The relationship between critical thinking and meta cognition with Learning Styles and Academic Success in students of Islamic Azad University Branch Ahvaz
sahar safarzadehThe aim of the present study was to investigate The relationship between critical thinking and meta cognition with learning styles and academic success in students of Islamic Azad University Branch Ahvaz. The sample of research included 400 subjects(200 boy and 200 girl MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate The relationship between critical thinking and meta cognition with learning styles and academic success in students of Islamic Azad University Branch Ahvaz. The sample of research included 400 subjects(200 boy and 200 girls) who were selected based on stratified random sampling. For the measurement of the variable, California critical thinking disposition inventory (CCTST), State metacognitin invertory (ESM) and Learning style inventory (LSI) were used. The research was canonic correlation and data analysis by canonical correlation revealed: there were relations between critical thinking and meta cognition with learning styles and academic success all of students. The results also revealed that: there is the strongestcor relation between Absorptive learning style Spiritual Intelligencefrom first setofvariables(independent) and meta cognition from second setofvariables(dependent). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - An Analysis on the Critical Theory of Education and Its Implications for the Curriculum
رحمت اله خسروی سید مهدی سجادیAccording to the critical theory, education is seen as an inseparable factor from human and social evolution. This theory considers school, curriculum, teaching and learning as factors and activities which go beyond mere academic affairs and have political, economic, so MoreAccording to the critical theory, education is seen as an inseparable factor from human and social evolution. This theory considers school, curriculum, teaching and learning as factors and activities which go beyond mere academic affairs and have political, economic, social and educational implications. In this regard, the present study attempts to analyze the critical theory of education and its implications for the curriculum. In this study, "Speculative Essay" is used as research method and "Review of Documentation" is used as a tool for information gathering. According to the research purpose, topics such as philosophical foundations of critical theory of education, the education process in this theory, critical theory implications for the curriculum and the criticisms related to it have been surveyed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Surveying the Effect of Educational Applications of Information and Communication Technology on the Critical Thinking and Attitude of the First Grade High School Girl Students from District 4 in Tehran
roghayeh Agh arkakli nosh afarin safari hossein hafezi kan kowtThis study aims to survey the effect of the educational applications of information and communication technology on the critical thinking and attitude of the first grade high school girl students. The population includes all of the first grade girl high school students MoreThis study aims to survey the effect of the educational applications of information and communication technology on the critical thinking and attitude of the first grade high school girl students. The population includes all of the first grade girl high school students in district 4 of Tehran in the academic years 2008-2009. Sample size was 69, 35 of whom were from Hooshmand school of Shahid Dr. Sadeghi (experimental group) and 34 students from Hadaf school (control group), which were selected by the usage of convenient sampling. This study was performed through the quasi-experimental pre and post design and the control group. In contrast, the control group received no training. For data collection, California (form B) critical thinking and attitude towards information and communication technology questionnaire which has suitable To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (MANOVA) were utilized with SPSS18. The findings show that information and communication technology has a significant effect on the critical thinking of the first grade high school girl students in aggregation and in detail, criteria such as analysis, evaluation and inference are effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The Impact of Web-Based Learning with a Problem-Solving Approach on Reflective Thinking Development in English Language Students of Islamic Azad University of Ardabil
یوسف نامور عزتالله نادری علی شریعتمداری مریم سیف نراقیThis study aimed to assess the impact of web-based learning (weblog) with a problem-solving approach on reflective thinking development in English language students of Islamic Azad University of Ardabil. Reflective thinking questionnaire designed by Kember et al. (199 MoreThis study aimed to assess the impact of web-based learning (weblog) with a problem-solving approach on reflective thinking development in English language students of Islamic Azad University of Ardabil. Reflective thinking questionnaire designed by Kember et al. (1999) based on mezirow theory (1991) was used for data gathering. A pre-test and post –test was conducted for both experimental (N=15) and control groups (N=15) who were selected by cluster sampling method. Results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups concerning understanding, reflection and critical thinking (t-test, a=0.05). Therefore, this study confirmed the positive effect of web-based learning on student's reflective thinking development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Stories for âphilosophy for kidsâ program based on critical thinking
javad farzanfar a.akbar ajamPresent research has done by using content analysis in intellectual type of stories to show how philosophy for kids can achive its main goals, fostering critical thinking, in the stories which are in children's literature. As much as possible, the researcher tried t MorePresent research has done by using content analysis in intellectual type of stories to show how philosophy for kids can achive its main goals, fostering critical thinking, in the stories which are in children's literature. As much as possible, the researcher tried to choose well-known stories for audiences and acceptable for critics, experts and writers of kids and teenagers literature and the movement of teaching philosophy for Children. For example Morteza Khosro nejad, Yahya Ghaedi’s ideas have been used and to improve the philosophic level of stories, Mir Abdelhosien Naghib zadeh’s idea has been used too. Purposive sampling is used for sample size. Studing stories stopped when researcher found out the repetitive points. The texts of stories were the analysis unit. The findings showed that the stories have the potential of developing critical thinking in their readers adequately and beautifully. Therefore, studying and discussing these stories by kids and teenagers can help the program of “philosophy for kids” and reaching better results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - The relationship between learning styles and Inquiry Spirit of Isfahan undergraduate students
masoome heidarpoor mohammadreza nili ahmadabadi mohammadhosein yarmohammadianThe present research was done to consider the relationship between learning styles and inquiry spirit of Isfahan undergraduate students. The method of this research was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this research included 9183 college students of Isf MoreThe present research was done to consider the relationship between learning styles and inquiry spirit of Isfahan undergraduate students. The method of this research was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this research included 9183 college students of Isfahan University that 376 students were selected by the random stratified random sampling method. To collect data, two kinds of questionnaires were used: Kolb learning style questionnaire (1984) and research made questionnaire of inquiry spirit. The content and face validity of the questionnaires was confirmed experts. The questionnaires reliabilities were determined for each of the learning styles components by Cronbach's alpha. The descriptive and inference statistics were used to analyze. The results showed there is a meaningful relationship between learning styles and in inquiry spirit. The Mann Whitney u test results showed there is not a meaningful difference between the students’ inquiry spirit for separating sex. Kruskal Wallis test results showed there is a difference between the students’ inquiry spirit in different majors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The Relationship Between Teachers' Instruction Procedures and Job Burnout
Azizeh Chalak Parviz Birjandi S. Esmail Hosseini Ahmad Reza Jafari Dehkordi Omid Tabatabaei Sondos Mansouri Amir Farzad Ashouri Mansour Koosha Sahar Najarzadegan Ahmad Reza Lotfi MohammadAli Nadi Mohsen Salimian Fakhri Shatalebi Nader Soleimani Mansoor Tavakoli Omid Tabatabaei Hossein Bagheri Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Zahra Fotovatnia GholamReza Akbari Behrouz Nouri Samani Safura Masaeli GholamReza Zareie Naser Abasszadeh Narges SaeedianThe purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between teacher instruction procedure and job burnout. The participants in this study were 140 teachers (males=87,females=53) at secondary schools in Garmsar. Two instruments were used to collect data. The teacher MoreThe purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between teacher instruction procedure and job burnout. The participants in this study were 140 teachers (males=87,females=53) at secondary schools in Garmsar. Two instruments were used to collect data. The teachers' instruction procedure was measured by the use of a researcher made questionnaire (with three dimensions of instruction as direct, semi‐direct and indirect). The job burnout (namely: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decreased professional efficacy) was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The data were analyzed using the Pearson product‐moment correlation technique, Chi‐Square test and regression. The major findings were as follows: 1) A signiicant relationship between total teachers' nstruction procedure and total burnout. 2) A positive relationship between teachers' direct instruction procedure and job burnout. 3) A Negative relationship between teachers' indirect instruction procedure and job burnout. 4) No significant relationship between teachers' semi‐direct instruction procedure and job burnout. 5) A positive relationship was found between teachers' direct instruction procedure with each three dimensions of job burnout (Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment). 6) A signiicantly negative relationship was found separate between teachers' direct instruction with each dimension of job burnout. 7) There was no relationship between teachers' semi‐direct instruction procedure with each three dimensions of job burnout. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Content Analysis
محمدتقی محمودیThis study investigated pictures and content of social sciences textbook' in first, second & third grades of secondary school in the academic year of 1388-89 (2010-2011) in Iran. It aimed to identify present citizenship educational approaches in textbooks which are tran MoreThis study investigated pictures and content of social sciences textbook' in first, second & third grades of secondary school in the academic year of 1388-89 (2010-2011) in Iran. It aimed to identify present citizenship educational approaches in textbooks which are transferred to pupils through hidden & formal curriculum. The overall aim of investigating these approaches is to define "good citizen". integrated different views (rule –oriented, participatory & critical citizens) was used for analyzing citizenship educational approaches.. Their characterisitics are as follows: (a) rule- oriented citizen: active, law-obedient, responsible. (b) Participatory citizen: interested in participating in social activities, and cooperating in society development (c) critical citizen: critical of political, economic & social structures, interested in social justice with a motivation for social change. Social sciences textbook were used as tools. description criteria is citizenship education and the unit of registration is paragraph. analysis of textbooks reveals that most content (45/5%) is dedicated to the education of rule–oriented citizens. Then there are participatory (36/06%) and critical citizens (18/44%) respectively. There is 119 pictures in books, which 65% is in the first year, 53% in second year and 32% in the third year textbook. justice and equality is one of considered issue for educating about critical citizens. Results show that 53 percent of pictures in the first year , 1/8% in second year and 8/7% in the third year have female symbols. Lack of emphasizing techniques for understanding picture message is one of critici Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Content Analysis of Sixth Grade Social Studies Text Book Based on the Elements of the Fundamental Reform Document of Education
alireza ghasemizad fatemeh asadollahiPresent research has done by using content analysis in intellectual type of stories to show how philosophy for kids can achive its main goals, fostering critical thinking, in the stories which are in children's literature. As much as possible, the researcher tried t MorePresent research has done by using content analysis in intellectual type of stories to show how philosophy for kids can achive its main goals, fostering critical thinking, in the stories which are in children's literature. As much as possible, the researcher tried to choose well-known stories for audiences and acceptable for critics, experts and writers of kids and teenagers literature and the movement of teaching philosophy for Children. For example Morteza Khosro nejad, Yahya Ghaedi’s ideas have been used and to improve the philosophic level of stories, Mir Abdelhosien Naghib zadeh’s idea has been used too. Purposive sampling is used for sample size. Studing stories stopped when researcher found out the repetitive points. The texts of stories were the analysis unit. The findings showed that the stories have the potential of developing critical thinking in their readers adequately and beautifully. Therefore, studying and discussing these stories by kids and teenagers can help the program of “philosophy for kids” and reaching better results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - The relationship between teaching methods and fostering the scientific attitude of the primary girl students in Tehran
farshide fathi hafshejany Mahboube Arefi Kourosh fathi vajargahThis study aims at investigating the relationship between teaching methods and fostering the scientific attitude in the primary girl students in four regions (north, south, east, and west) of Tehran in academic year 2009-2010. 20 teachers and 20 classes were selected fr MoreThis study aims at investigating the relationship between teaching methods and fostering the scientific attitude in the primary girl students in four regions (north, south, east, and west) of Tehran in academic year 2009-2010. 20 teachers and 20 classes were selected from among all these schools by multi-stage cluster sampling. The data were collected through researcher-made questionnaire, observation checklist, documents and the file of class activities and were analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Friedman test, Binomial test and Spearman Correlation Coefficient. The findings revealed a significant correlation between collaborative, creative, question and answer, group discussion and experimental methods and the element of Creativity; the role playing methods and the elements of curiosity; and the teaching method and all three elements. The most commonly used methods were memorization and rehearsal, lecture, explanatory, expositive, and computer-aided method and the least commonly used ones were problem-solving and question and answer, collaborative, role-playing and thematic unit. The students under study were on average in terms of curiosity and at an unpleasant condition in terms of creativity and critical thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Examine the philosophical foundations of evaluation epistemology in education in post modern age
Ghader Faraghi Mohsen Farmahini FarahaniThe philosophical foundations of evaluation epistemology in education in post modern age were examined in this study by four approaches (the construction oriented approach – Hermeneutics approach - Critical (Collaborative) approach and integration approach). The m MoreThe philosophical foundations of evaluation epistemology in education in post modern age were examined in this study by four approaches (the construction oriented approach – Hermeneutics approach - Critical (Collaborative) approach and integration approach). The methodology of this study was documentary analysis. In order to answer to study’s questions, data gathered using appropriate forms, and analyzed by 5 traditional approaches. According to the thesis questions the main results are: post modern evaluation epistemology is based on critical and collaborative methods combined with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The result of this study is: the evaluation of this age should be combinatorial so that: all aspect of epistemology in the field of evaluation should be considered, all positive points of evaluation method should be considered, all racial, regional, cultural and personal difference should be considered with emphasis on current needs and goals, emotional and motivational and belief of learner should be considered because it will be driving factor for learning – teaching approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Designing a critical thinking training model and its effectiveness on critical thinking skills of sixth grade elementary students
hadi sajedi rad jafar jahani maryam shafiee sarvestani mahdi mohammadiThe purpose of this study was to design a model for teaching critical thinking and its effectiveness on critical thinking skills of sixth grade elementary students in Khorasan Razavi province. The research method is mixed, ie first it was quantitative and then qualitati MoreThe purpose of this study was to design a model for teaching critical thinking and its effectiveness on critical thinking skills of sixth grade elementary students in Khorasan Razavi province. The research method is mixed, ie first it was quantitative and then qualitative. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included all sixth grade male students in Khorasan Razavi province in the academic year 2018-2019, which using a quasi-experimental design (pre-test, post-test with control group) among sixth grade students in Khorasan Razavi province (75 people) were selected as a statistical sample. The California Critical Thinking Scale was used to examine the variables of research and data collection. In this study, Cronbach's alpha was used to calculate the reliability coefficient. Accordingly, for this questionnaire, the validity coefficient was 0.81 and the reliability coefficient was 0.84. Descriptive statistics (mean, mean, etc.) and inferential statistics (one-sample T, analysis of variance) were used to analyze the data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS21 software. In the qualitative part of the study, it was phenomenological. The study population and sample included individuals who were purposefully studied in the quantitative section and the sample size was determined based on theoretical saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Goba and Linkon criteria were used to validate the data. Data analysis was performed using Corbin and Strauss method in which data are divided into three levels: open, axial and selective. In the qualitative part of the research results led to the design of a model that included seven dimensions (analysis and evaluation, critical thinking, creativity, life skills, critical thinking, self-esteem and learning). And it becomes students' critical thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Investigation of the Status of critical thinking in storical Literature of reading textbooks in elementary period
halime mesri edris islami kamal afaniThe aim of this research is investigation of critical thinking position in fiction literature of reading textbooks in Elementary course. To achieve this goal, content analysis method has been used. The results show in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the first MoreThe aim of this research is investigation of critical thinking position in fiction literature of reading textbooks in Elementary course. To achieve this goal, content analysis method has been used. The results show in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the first elementary grade no reference has been made to the components of critical thinking, in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the second elementary grade, the most frequent components of the art of thinking about their thinking and the correct judgment (based on the criterion), in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the third elementary grade, the most frequent components of curiosity of thought and correct judgment (based on criterion), in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the fourth elementary grade, the most frequent component of curiosity of thought, in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the fifth elementary grade, the most frequent components of defining and clarifying the problem and in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the sixth elementary grade, the most frequent components of reasoning and correct judgment (based on criterion) have been belonged. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - The Inadequacies and Challenges of the Critical Curriculum of Henry Giroux in the Logical Encounter with the Philosophical Foundations of Islamic Education
najmeh ahmadabadi hassan najafi Hamid Ahmadi HedayatThis study aims to analytical-documentary method to identify the inadequacies and challenges of the critical curriculum of Henry Giroux from the perspective of the philosophical foundations of Islamic education. The research was qualitative in terms of the nature of the MoreThis study aims to analytical-documentary method to identify the inadequacies and challenges of the critical curriculum of Henry Giroux from the perspective of the philosophical foundations of Islamic education. The research was qualitative in terms of the nature of the data and in terms of the type of analytical-documentary research method. The research sample in Giro's critical curriculum, books and articles published by Giroux during the years 1979 to 2018 and in the foundations of Islamic education were original researches in this field that were purposefully selected and analyzed by qualitative content analysis method. In this research, Giroux most important ideas in the essential elements of the curriculum, including goals (raising a democratic and Liberating citizen, hearing and paying attention to other voices, abandoning elitism and paying attention to public culture, eliminating racial discrimination and defending the rights of the oppressed, and Different groups of society, creation of a democratic and egalitarian society), content (attention to social and cultural conditions, relativity of knowledge and knowledge, reliance on social values, consideration of contexts, institutions and social structures), teaching-learning methods (discourse-oriented) and Evaluation (observation, interview, reporting, research, self-evaluation, narration) was analyzed. Despite the strengths of Giroux critical curriculum, including the emphasis on educational justice and attention to marginalized groups, in this perspective, there are also inconsistencies and challenges that are criticized in the system of philosophy of Islamic education. One of these criticisms can be the lack of goals based on metaphysical assumptions, the neglect of different areas of education in targeting (high emphasis on political goals), relativism in content, extreme pluralism in content (lack of attention to unity Slowness in the instruments of cognition, pure discourse in teaching methods, ignoring teacher's authoritarianism in teaching, the difficulty of interpreting the results in the evaluation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Determining Indicators and Process Pattern of Critical Thinking in Teaching and Learning
Mohsen Torkzadeh Bahram Barzegar Fakhteh MahiniThe aim of this study was to determine the indicators of critical thinking in teaching and learning in Iran based on Grounded Theory with a systematic approach attributed to Strauss and Corbin and paradigm logic. The scope of this research includes all literature and th MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the indicators of critical thinking in teaching and learning in Iran based on Grounded Theory with a systematic approach attributed to Strauss and Corbin and paradigm logic. The scope of this research includes all literature and theories related to teaching critical thinking in accounting. To collect the required data, research literature, the technique of semi-structured interviewing of famous teachers in top universities and the method of snowball sampling were used. Data analysis was performed based on three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Findings were categorized into six general categories with 41 concepts/themes and 212 final identifiers. Finally, the initial theory of the executive model of the critical thinking process model in teaching and learning of accounting students was developed as a conceptual paradigm model. Because the ability to think critically is an important consequence of education, there is a need for further research and continuous development of reliable and validated tools to measure students' critical thinking in order to conduct educational strategies that effectively facilitate critical thinking among students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - The effect of spiritual Masnavi stories on the development of critical thinking skills of high school students
Kobra Zarei Sefiddari Vahideh Alipour sohila hossenpourschool students in District 3 of Karaj in the academic year of 1996-97. To conduct the research in the same conditions, both pretest groups were performed using the Watson-Glaser (1994) Critical Thinking Questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by content validity by Moreschool students in District 3 of Karaj in the academic year of 1996-97. To conduct the research in the same conditions, both pretest groups were performed using the Watson-Glaser (1994) Critical Thinking Questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by content validity by experts and reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87. The training package (Masnavi Manavi stories) was presented to the experimental group in 16 sessions of 90 minutes in 8 weeks, while during this period the control group did not receive any intervention. After the training sessions on the experimental group, both groups underwent post-test under the same conditions. Univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data using SPSS25 software. After adjusting the pre-test scores, the difference between the experimental and control groups in the critical thinking variable was significant at the alpha level of 0.01; The adjusted mean of the experimental group (33.95) was higher than the adjusted mean of the control group (25.07). The results showed that teaching Masnavi spiritual stories in the development of critical thinking and its components (inference (sig = 0.83), identification of assumptions (sig = 0.47), inference (sig = 0.64), interpretation (sig = 0.71) and evaluation (sig = 0.28) ) Was effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - The Effectiveness of Teaching Self-Regulatory Learning Strategies on Self-efficacy and Critical Thinking in Secondary School Students in District 6 of Tehran.
morteza samiee zafarghandi Marzieh Nemati Masoome AlizadeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-regulation learning strategies on self-efficacy and critical thinking. The research was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the stud MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-regulation learning strategies on self-efficacy and critical thinking. The research was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study was Jami Novin nonprofit high school students in Tehran's 6th district based on purposeful sampling. A sample of 80 high school students of Jami girls were selected based on random sampling method and divided into two groups: experimental and control (each group 40 people). Before the implementation of the educational program, both the control and experimental groups before the beginning of the test were first evaluated using Critical Thinking Questionnaire (Rickets, 2003) and Self-efficacy Scale (Maurice, 2001). After that, the control group received 8 sessions of training on self-regulation learning strategies. But the experimental group did not receive any training. After this stage, again, both groups were evaluated using questionnaires and the data were collected. In order to check the normality of the data, homogeneity of variances, homogeneity of regression slope and Levin test, use and data with the 20th edition SPSS software and covariance analysis test were analyzed. Results showed that training self-regulation strategies has a significant effect on self-efficacy and critical thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Assessment of desertification status in Sefiddasht-Boroujen (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province) watershed using MEDALUS model
Fatemeh Nafar Ataollah Ebrahimi Ali Asghar NaghipourBackground and Objective The degradation of resources in many parts of the world is a serious threat to humanity due to its growing trend. Desertification, which is one of the manifestations of this degradation, has affected most countries and has been introduced as the MoreBackground and Objective The degradation of resources in many parts of the world is a serious threat to humanity due to its growing trend. Desertification, which is one of the manifestations of this degradation, has affected most countries and has been introduced as the third challenge of the 21st century after the two challenges of climate change and freshwater scarcity. Desertification is the degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and semi-humid areas. This situation is caused by a series of important processes, the most important of which are the two factors of human activity and climate change. Several methods have been developed to determine the process of desertification, one of which is widely used, the Medalus method. Assessing the status of desertification processes (land degradation) in a village, region or country is important because it provides the opportunity to make informed decisions about the financial dimension and the amount of investment needed to control it. Considering the development of the desertification phenomenon in the Sefiddasht-Borujen region and the need to pay attention to the importance of the results of this destructive phenomenon in the future. The purpose of this study is to evaluate desertification using the Madalus model in the Sefiddasht-Borujen watershed with an area of 92565 hectares, located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.Materials and Methods Land use changes were investigated and detected using the distance measurement model. For this purpose, the images of 1998, 2009, and 2018 were used. The amount of changes during this period was determined, and the points where the most changes occurred were selected. Then using these points, in the Medalus model, the factors affecting desertification and its current situation were considered. Then, the effective parameters in desertification were studied in these points separately and the Medalus model was implemented in them. According to the Medalus method, effective factors in the desertification of the region were identified and each factor including climate, vegetation, soil, groundwater, and management and policy was considered as a criterion. Then, the characteristics of the mentioned criteria that were effective in the desertification of this region were considered as indicators. After each indicator received weight in relation to its impact on desertification and by evaluating them, their impact of them on the desertification process was determined. Finally, using the indicators of these criteria, the criteria map and finally, the desertification map were obtained from their geometric mean n order to study the climate criteria, three indices of rainfall, direction, and drought index were considered. The study of the climate was evaluated from 3 sample points in the meteorological and water weight stations of the province, which are harvested as points. To evaluate the soil condition, some physical and chemical properties such as soil texture, acidity, electrical conductivity, and the amount of organic matter were selected. To determine the soil properties, the first 170 sampling points were identified in the study area, and from 0 to 20 cm soil level, sampling was performed and transferred to the laboratory.Results and Discussion The results showed a score of climatic criteria calculated at 1.80 was determined in two classes and had the most role in desertification in the region. The score of management and policy, vegetation, and soil criteria respectively were calculated at 1.76, 1.71, and 1.55 and was determined into two classes severe and very severe. Also, water criteria were calculated at 1.33 and were determined in the middle class. Based on the Medalus model, the current desertification score was estimated to be 1.63. According to this map, the desertification situation of the region was divided into two classes, severe and very severe. Finally, it was calculated that 56% of this area is faced with severe and 44% of it very severe desertification. The result showed that the northern part of the study area is highly vulnerable, while the southern part of the region is less vulnerable to desertification. However, this region has high desertification intensity. The foretold sensitivity of this region to the phenomenon of desertification was consistent. In this model, climate, soil, vegetation, groundwater, management, and policy criteria were selected. According to the results, climate, management, policy, vegetation, soil, and groundwater criteria, respectively, had the greatest impact on desertification of this region due to the low precipitation, drought in recent years, illegal excavation of wells, and uncontrolled extractions more than the capacity of groundwater aquifers in Sefiddasht has caused the drying of most wells in this area. Also, the drying of Dehno Wetland is another reason for the intensity of desertification in the study area.Conclusion According to the obtained results, the phenomenon of desertification in this region is accelerating and would cause a destructive consequence. The study area, according to the proposed definition of desertification, has both natural and human desertification conditions. Natural factors such as unfavorable climatic conditions such as lack of rainfall, successive droughts, limited water resources, on the one hand, and destructive human factors such as traditional agricultural system, overgrazing, overexploitation of groundwater, conversion of pastures to land Agriculture, industries, mines and facilities, destruction of vegetation and shrubs, on the other hand, have led to the destruction of pastures and natural resources and accelerated desertification in the region. Evidence shows that in this region water table is lower than in other areas and as a consequence desertification is accelerated. Among the ways to deal with desertification in the region, it is possible to use the pastures and pastures in principle, according to their capacity at the right time, to permanently enclose the region under biological and mechanical desertification activities, proper exploitation of groundwater and prevents land use change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - A Comparative Study of Moulavi’serfani -Critical Mysticism based on Critical Aesthetics of ‘Frankfort School’A case study of the story ‘Lion and forest animals’ in Masnavi, First Book
Aboulfazl Ghanizadeh Hosein ArianFrankfort school is a philosophical, intellectual source founded by German intellectuals in 20th century with a socio-critical approach. The aesthetic theory tends to be the most principal drive of this school. Unlike the proponents of the theory- the submission method MoreFrankfort school is a philosophical, intellectual source founded by German intellectuals in 20th century with a socio-critical approach. The aesthetic theory tends to be the most principal drive of this school. Unlike the proponents of the theory- the submission method of two sociology schools: (a) old traditional (Madam Duvstal and Hippolyte Taine) who just focused on social issues in the literature, and (b) newer traditional (George Koumaj and Lucien Goldman) who could not surpass the social interests and the structure of social unit- the thinkers of Frankfort school believe in the informativeness, independence, logical and revolutionary nature of art and try to evaluate the originality of an artistic work based on theses insights. This paper deals with four above-mentioned concepts, i.e. the critical aspect of art, the ideological nature of art (political component), revolutionary approach, and the independence nature of artistic work. Analysin the story of ‘Lion and forest animals’ of Moulavi, it was revealed that-unlike the surface layer in which most scholars of Masnavi deal with- in the underlying layers of the this story, there resides a special revolutionary, critical and mystical style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Investigation of Hypocritical Sufis in Jami's Haft Owrang using Functional Attitude Theory in Social Psychology
Faranak Jahanbakhsh Masroureh Mokhtari Askar SalahiAttitudes are relatively stable assessments of various phenomena in the social world in people's minds. Functional Attitude Theory examines the inner motivations of human beings, the cause of attitudes and their role and function in creating social behaviors. In Haft Ow MoreAttitudes are relatively stable assessments of various phenomena in the social world in people's minds. Functional Attitude Theory examines the inner motivations of human beings, the cause of attitudes and their role and function in creating social behaviors. In Haft Owrang poetry, the poet's use of allegory and the narrative format, in most cases, has contributed greatly to the emergence of Jami's views on individual, interpersonal and social issues. The present article has studied the subject of "Hypocritical Sufis" from the perspective of analyzing their personality and behavior based on Functional Attitude Theory using analytical-descriptive method. The result of the research shows that the attitude of different social classes towards the phenomenon of hypocrisy and its manifestation in the Jami’s age as "Hypocritical Sufis" can be classified into two "profit-seeking" and "value-seeking" functions. Also, the role of political and cultural conditions, traditions and customs of society, as well as the function of mysticism can be considered in this field. Despite the relative stability of Jami's view, the study of the contradiction in attitude as "cognitive inconsistency" is also important in Jami's Haft Owrang, where the poet has implemented the two approaches of "attitude justification" and "following destinism" in this component. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Bidel Dehlavi’s View on Hypocrisy and Hypocritical Characters
Akramssadat Borghaei Sabet Abdoreza Modarreszadeh Asghar DadbehBidel Dehlavi is influenced by the mystical teachings of Sheikh Nizamuddin Aoliya and for this reason he pays attention to religion and mysticism in his poetry, and his poems are full of moral and human concepts and values. In addition as a free poet and critic, he has MoreBidel Dehlavi is influenced by the mystical teachings of Sheikh Nizamuddin Aoliya and for this reason he pays attention to religion and mysticism in his poetry, and his poems are full of moral and human concepts and values. In addition as a free poet and critic, he has criticized the behavior of believers and by criticizing that behavior which has been called hypocrisy. He tried to discover the religious truth and life through a free thought and those who have used religion as means of hypocrisy. They have used hypocrisy and have kept people busy and the market for there is hot and in the eyes of the people it is popular and sometimes not acceptable to expose their demagogues and more importantly in terms of the foundation of thought and understanding of existence his words a religious world and he looked at the world through the lens of religion and religions understanding and gave meaning to life and his words can open a spiritual path for man who is a prisoner of material and machine civilization in this age the way to get a head is love mysticism and moral virtues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Investigating the Components of Discourse of Social Agents in Attar’s Tazkerat al-Owliya Based on the Mystical Role of Fazil bin Ayyaz and The Emphasis on Van Leeuwen's Model
Fereshteh NaseriAmong the works of mystical literature, Tazkerat al-Owliya, as one of the valuable works of Attar Neyshabouri to deal with the situations, thoughts and speeches of mystics and Sufi elders allocates a wide range of social relations. Attar's emphasis on this issue causes MoreAmong the works of mystical literature, Tazkerat al-Owliya, as one of the valuable works of Attar Neyshabouri to deal with the situations, thoughts and speeches of mystics and Sufi elders allocates a wide range of social relations. Attar's emphasis on this issue causes social agents to display their work in different ways. These representations are purposeful and in order to instill Attar's mystical ideology on the audience. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the discourse of Fazil bin Ayyaz based on Van Leeuwen's model and to examine the representation of social agents in it. Since Attar in this story seeks to transcend knowledge and show the spiritual status of Fazil by fading the discourse system of the thief and the ruler and also highlighting the discourse system of the mystic; Therefore, the analysis of Fazil's discourse as a discourse arising from the social strata of mystics at that time reveals new results. Therefore, in the present study, we decided to express the relationship between activations and passivations of social agents, to find out how Attar, in a stylistic creativity, familiarize the audience with the names of individuals, groups, places and times that social agents have an active role in it and what measures have been taken to determine the role and activation of social agents regarding the action of Fazil ibn Ayyaz and to make passive about the action of his followers, especially Harun al-Rasheed. This issue will be conducted with a literary and mystical analysis approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - تأثیر نظارت بالینی بر تمایلات تفکر انتقادی معلمان زبان انگلیسی و پیشرفت کلی زبان آموزان
Nasim Mehrabian Hadi Salehi Omid Tabatabaei Hossein Vahid Dastjerdiاگرچه تحقیقات در مورد نظارت بالینی و تفکر انتقادی معلمان توسط بسیاری از محققان به طور جداگانه انجام شده است، ادغام آن ها در یک مطالعه یکپارچه، به ویژه در زمینه انگلیسی به عنوان یک زبان خارجی بسیار ضروری بوده است. مطالعه حاضر تلاشی برای پی بردن به تأثیرات نظارت بالینی بر Moreاگرچه تحقیقات در مورد نظارت بالینی و تفکر انتقادی معلمان توسط بسیاری از محققان به طور جداگانه انجام شده است، ادغام آن ها در یک مطالعه یکپارچه، به ویژه در زمینه انگلیسی به عنوان یک زبان خارجی بسیار ضروری بوده است. مطالعه حاضر تلاشی برای پی بردن به تأثیرات نظارت بالینی بر تمایلات تفکر انتقادی معلمان زبان انگلیسی و پیشرفت کلی زبان آموزان بود. پژوهش حاضر شامل دو گروه شرکتکننده بود: 60 معلم و 66 دانش آموز که به روش نمونهگیری در دسترس انتخاب و به دو گروه آزمایشی تقسیم شدند. نظارت بالینی برای معلمان گروه آزمایش در سه دوره کنفرانس برنامه ریزی ، مشاهده کلاس درس و کنفرانس بازخورد انجام شد. آن دسته از فراگیرانی که معلمان آن ها در نظارت بالینی شرکت کرده بودند، گروه آزمایش و بقیه گروه کنترل بودند که به معلمان آن ها برنامه آموزشی معلم ارائه نشد. داده ها از طریق مقیاس تمایل به تفکر انتقادی و پیش آزمون و پس آزمون فراگیران جمع آوری شد. با اجرای آنالیز واریانس یکطرفه (ANOVA یکطرفه) و آزمونهای t نمونههای مستقل، نظارت بالینی به طور قابلتوجهی بر گرایشهای تفکر انتقادی معلمان زبان انگلیسی مؤثر بود و منجر به بهبود قابل توجه زبانآموزان نیز شد. یافتهها حاکی از الزام اجرای نظارت بالینی به عنوان یک برنامه آموزش معلمان مؤثر و آگاهکننده است تا به معلمان کمک کند تا نقاط قوت و ضعف خود را بررسی کنند و در تدریس عملی به خود تنظیمی قابل توجهی دست یابند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - تحلیل گفتمان سیاسی انتقادی سخنان وزیر امور خارجه ایران در پنجاه و هشتمین کنفرانس امنیتی مونیخ
Afsaneh Rahimi Tehrani Azizeh Chalakتحلیل گفتمان انتقادی، تحلیل ایدئولوژی و قدرت است که بر دستیابی به معنای پنهان فراتر از متن تأکید می کند و اینکه چگونه گویندگان/نویسندگان از قدرت گفتمان برای جلب توجه خوانندگان/شنوندگان استفاده می کنند. پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه توصیفی غیرتجربی بود که در سال 2022 انجام شد و ب Moreتحلیل گفتمان انتقادی، تحلیل ایدئولوژی و قدرت است که بر دستیابی به معنای پنهان فراتر از متن تأکید می کند و اینکه چگونه گویندگان/نویسندگان از قدرت گفتمان برای جلب توجه خوانندگان/شنوندگان استفاده می کنند. پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه توصیفی غیرتجربی بود که در سال 2022 انجام شد و به بررسی ویژگیهای برجسته زبانی سخنان سیاسی وزیر امور خارجه ایران در پنجاه و هشتمین کنفرانس امنیتی مونیخ پرداخته است. هدف، دستیابی به نگرشها و ایدئولوژیهای سیاسی وی بود. از مدل تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی فرکلاف برای بررسی سه تاکتیک تحلیلی مرتبط و سه بعد گفتمان استفاده شد. داده ها از ویدئوی این کنفرانس انتخاب شده و واژه های انتخابی توسط این فرد ، ضمایر شخصی و جمع «من وما» و افعال کمکی استفاده شده مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. یافته ها نشان داد که کلمات «جمهوری اسلامی ایران، دولت، ایران و روابط» پرکاربردترین واژه ها برای نشان دادن ایدئولوژی وی نسبت به ملتش بوده است. ضمیر «ما» بیشتر از «من» برای ایجاد تصویری مثبت برای کشور مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. او با آگاهی از تفاوت بین معانی منتقل شده از طریق این دو ضمیر، ترجیح داد برای جلوگیری از قرار گرفتن در معرض سرزنش ها، از خودنمایی یا صحبت در مورد خود به عنوان یک فرد اجتناب کند. همچنین فعل کمکی will بیشتر از بقیه برای بیان عقیده و خواسته هاوادب در گفتارش استفاده شده است. این مطالعه می تواند پیامدهایی برای دست اندرکاران این حوزه در افزایش تفکر انتقادی و افزایش آگاهی از یادگیری و تولید زبان سیاسی مناسب داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - رابطه بین توانایی تفکر انتقادی و استراتژی های درک شنیداری: تمرکز بر زبان آموزان پیشرفته
Azar Bagheri Masoudzadeاین مطالعه تلاشی برای بررسی رابطه بین راهبردهای درک شنیداری دانشجویان پیشرفته EFL و توانایی تفکر انتقادی آنها بود. بدین منظور 75 زبان آموز ایرانی زبان انگلیسی از هر دو جنس به عنوان افراد مورد مطالعه انتخاب شدند. همه آنها دانش آموزان پیشرفته بودند که بر اساس نمونه گیری خ Moreاین مطالعه تلاشی برای بررسی رابطه بین راهبردهای درک شنیداری دانشجویان پیشرفته EFL و توانایی تفکر انتقادی آنها بود. بدین منظور 75 زبان آموز ایرانی زبان انگلیسی از هر دو جنس به عنوان افراد مورد مطالعه انتخاب شدند. همه آنها دانش آموزان پیشرفته بودند که بر اساس نمونه گیری خوشه ای انتخاب شدند. ابزار مورد استفاده، دو پرسشنامه مرتبط، پرسشنامه تفکر انتقادی (CTQ) و پرسشنامه راهبردهای درک شنیداری (LCSQ) بود. در روز اول، محقق دستورالعمل این نظرسنجی را به وضوح توضیح داد و به شرکت کنندگان برای ارزیابی راهبردهای به کار گرفته شده توسط آنها، CTQ ارائه شد. در روز دوم، LCSQ بین آنها توزیع شد. شرکت کنندگان باید به تمام سوالات در زمان محدود پاسخ می دادند. خوشبختانه هیچ یک از دانشجویان در فرآیند جمع آوری داده ها غایب نبودند و این عامل باعث افزایش پایایی نتایج می شود. یافته های این مطالعه نشان داد که بین راهبردهای درک شنیداری دانش آموزان پیشرفته EFL و توانایی تفکر انتقادی آنها رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. نتایج می تواند قابل توجه باشد زیرا شناسایی راهبردهایی که دانش آموزان به کار می گیرند، به آنها کمک می کند تا بر مشکلاتی که ممکن است در مهارت های زبانی مختلف با آن مواجه شوند غلبه کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Vibration and Stability Analysis of Composite Tube Conveying Fluid Flow Equipped with Piezoelectric Ring
M Nazarzadeh Ansarodi H Biglari M.R Saviz -
Open Access Article
144 - The Buckling of Non-Homogeneous Truncated Conical Shells under a Lateral Pressure and Resting on a Winkler Foundation
A.H Sofiyev A Valiyev P Ozyigit -
Open Access Article
145 - Influence of Notch Depth-to-Width Ratios on J-Integral and Critical Failure Load of Single-Edge Notched Tensile Aluminium 8011 Alloy Specimens
C.S Sumesh P.J Arun Narayanan -
Open Access Article
146 - Torsional Stability of Cylindrical Shells with Functionally Graded Middle Layer on the Winkler Elastic Foundation
A.H Sofiyev S Adiguzel -
Open Access Article
147 - Influence of Rotation on Vibration Behavior of a Functionally Graded Moderately Thick Cylindrical Nanoshell Considering Initial Hoop Tension
H Safarpour M.M Barooti M Ghadiri -
Open Access Article
148 - Engineering Critical Assessments of Marine Pipelines with 3D Surface Cracks Considering Weld Mismatch
S.M.H Sharifi M Kaveh H Saeidi Googarchin -
Open Access Article
149 - Vibration Analysis of Carotid Arteries Conveying Non-Newtonian Blood Flow Surrounding by Tissues
A.H Ghorbanpour Arani A Rastgoo A. Ghorbanpour Arani R Kolahchi -
Open Access Article
150 - Critical discourse in independent images of Ebtehaj's poetry based on the characteristics of Norman Fairclough
mohammad shahbadizadeh leila kobari ghotbi javad mehraban ghezelhesarCritical discourse is a theoretical linguistics and critiques whose principles and components are issues of power and are characterized by different discourses with specific characteristics that address and examine the two aspects of the form and meaning of the text. De MoreCritical discourse is a theoretical linguistics and critiques whose principles and components are issues of power and are characterized by different discourses with specific characteristics that address and examine the two aspects of the form and meaning of the text. Descriptive-analytical We have evaluated and analyzed critical discourse in independent poetic images of Ebtehaj based on the view of Norman Fairclough. The results of this researcher are at the level of description, use of language, use of rhetorical aspects and secondary meanings of call and interrogation and dominance of vocabulary which indicates protest, conflict, sorrow and compassion. It is prominent in Ebtehaj's poems. At the level of interpretation and from the perspective of intertextuality, Ebtehaj's poems in the form of explicit and implicit intertextuality are influenced by classical poets (especially Hafez and Rumi). At the level of explanation, one can also achieve the hegemony of the idea of protest and emphasis on change and otherness in Ebtehaj's poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Towards a Scale for Developing EFL Materials based on the principles of Critical Pedagogy
Elham Tabatabaei Mohammad Bavali Leila AkbarpourThis study aimed at designing a scale for developing EFL materials based on the principles of Critical Pedagogy. In so doing, a qualitative thematic analysis method was used. The participants of this study consisted of 20 (10 males and 10 females) EFL experts with more MoreThis study aimed at designing a scale for developing EFL materials based on the principles of Critical Pedagogy. In so doing, a qualitative thematic analysis method was used. The participants of this study consisted of 20 (10 males and 10 females) EFL experts with more than 15 years of teaching EFL at the university level with at least one published paper on critical pedagogy and materials development, who were selected through purposive sampling from different states and Azad universities in Iran. To collect the data, a semi-structured interview was implemented. The existing literature on critical pedagogy and different materials development models was reviewed so that through merging the interview and literature review data, the recurrent categories can be identified and converted into the items of the intended scale. To analyze the data, thematic analysis was used. The following main themes were revealed as the main themes for CP-based EFL materials development: Defining CP-based objectives, developing CP-based content, encouraging CP-based teaching methods, encouraging CP-based evaluation procedures, and defining CP-based roles for teachers and students. Based on the extracted themes, a scale was developed into six categories. The developed scale consisted of 50 items in a five-point Likert range from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree. The findings have some implications for EFL teachers, learners, curriculum planners, and researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - A Comparative Study of the Effect of Explicit and Implicit Pronunciation Instruction on Critical Thinking and Listening Comprehension of English Language Learners
Mohammad Darijani Mehry Haddad Narafshan Leila Anjomshoa -
Open Access Article
153 - The Effect of the Duration of Weed Interference and Weed Control on Yield and Yield Components of Corn (Zea mays L.) as a Second Crop after Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in Moghan
Saber Aley Saeed Vazan Hossein Mousavinia Farid Golzardi Behnam CharbandTo investigate the effect of the duration of weed interference and Weed control on yield and yield components of corn as a second crop after rapeseed, an experiment was conducted in Moghan during 2010. the type of design was completely randomized block with 14 treatment MoreTo investigate the effect of the duration of weed interference and Weed control on yield and yield components of corn as a second crop after rapeseed, an experiment was conducted in Moghan during 2010. the type of design was completely randomized block with 14 treatments and 4 replications per treatment. There were two series of treatments in order of weed interference at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after corn emergence, and the second series, weed control up to the above stages plus weedy check and weed free throughout growing season. The results showed that the beginning of critical period of weed control (CPWC) was based on 5% and 10% accepted yield loss (AYL), from 1 to 3 days after crop emergence, respectively. The end of the CPWC varied from 5% AYL to 10% AYL/was equates to 67 and 52 days after corn emergence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The Effet of Weed Infested and Weed Checkon on Growth Properties and Yeild of Corn (Zeamays L.)
Ali Asghar Chitband Seyed Omid Rashidi Saeed Jahedipour Ali Mohhamad Mansouji Iraj AminiWeed management systemis a successful approach to reduce weed control cost and gain an acceptable economic performance. Therefore, this study was carried out based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Agro-industry field Dashtenaz Sari, during 2 MoreWeed management systemis a successful approach to reduce weed control cost and gain an acceptable economic performance. Therefore, this study was carried out based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Agro-industry field Dashtenaz Sari, during 2010 to evaluate the effect of weed control and its interference on corn growth properties. Treatments including weed free and weedy check(infested)along with free weed and weedy infestedat 3, 6, 10, 14 were applied with leafy stage tasseling.Logestic non-liner equation was used for critical period of weeds control at start and end of the time.The result showed that most dominant weeds were velvetleaf (Abutilon thophrasti) and pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus).The interference period did not have significant effect on dry weight and height of weeds; whereas, The control period has significant effect on density of weeds.The interference and control periods did not show significant effect on corn height; whereas, a significant relationship was observed with stem diameter, dry weight, ear length, ear diameter, ear weight, number of kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per row, thousand kernel weight and corn yield. Weed interference compared to weed free showed reduction instem diameter, dry weight, ear length, ear diameter, ear weight, number of kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per row, thousand kernel weights and corn yield. Critical period of weeds was estimated between38-65 days after corn planting or 392-804 GDD (7-8 leaf stage) stage to tasseling at 5% levels reduce seed yield, and at 10% levels reduce seed yield, critical period was estimatedbetween 48-55 days after corn plantingor 534-653 GDD. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Ranking of Banks’ Risk Reporting Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Azar Moslemi Zahra Pourzamani Azita Jahanshad -
Open Access Article
156 - Model Evaluation and Ranking of How to Optimize the Transport of Container Shipping Companies Using TOPSIS Technique
Hamed Shakerian Morteza Rahmanee Nikooei -
Open Access Article
157 - New Trends in Critical Regionalism through the Lens of Tzonis and Lefaivre
Elahe Zoghi Hoseini Darab Diba Hamed Kamelnia Mostafa Mokhtabad -
Open Access Article
158 - Examining the Model of Relationship Between Professors' Support for Autonomy and Parental Psychological Control with Critical Thinking through Mediation of Academic Stress Among Female Students
Karim Sevari Fatemeh FarzadiThe purpose of this research was to test the model of relationship between professors' autonomy support and parental psychological control with critical thinking through the mediation of academic stress of female students. The statistical population was all female stude MoreThe purpose of this research was to test the model of relationship between professors' autonomy support and parental psychological control with critical thinking through the mediation of academic stress of female students. The statistical population was all female students of psychology, educational sciences and counseling at University of Khuzestan province Payam Noor. The research sample subsumed 480 subjects who were selected voluntarily. The research design was correlational. to collect data Belmont, Skinner, Welborn, and Connell's (1988) Teachers' Autonomy Support; Barber's (1996) Parental Psychological Control; Sevari Academic Stress (2019) and Critical Thinking by Wang et al. (2019) questionnaires were implemented. After modifying the proposed model, the findings related to direct relationships showed a negative relationship between professors' support for autonomy and academic stress; positive relationship between parental psychological control and academic stress; There was a negative relationship between parental psychological control and critical thinking, and a significant positive relationship between professors' support for autonomy and critical thinking, but the relationship between academic stress and critical thinking was not significant. The results related to indirect hypotheses showed that the relationship between professors' support of students' autonomy and critical thinking through academic stress and the relationship between parental psychological control and critical thinking through academic stress was significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - The Relationship of Mindfulness, Moral- Cultural Foundations and Critical Thinking with Hopefulness and Perception of God in Married Women
Narjes Beat Sayyah Rezvan HomaeiThe purpose of this study was to determine the canonical relationship of mindfulness, moral-cultural foundation and critical thinking with hopefulness and perception of God in married women. The research population included all married female students of Ahvaz Universit MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the canonical relationship of mindfulness, moral-cultural foundation and critical thinking with hopefulness and perception of God in married women. The research population included all married female students of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences whom 180 subjects were selected by purposive sampling method as sample. The research method was descriptive and correlational type. To collect data Snyder et al. Hopefulness Questionnaire (1991), Lawrence Gods Perception Questionnaire (1997), Braun & Ryan's Mindfulness Questionnaire (2003), Haidt & Graham (2007) Moral Foundation Questionnaire and Ricketts Critical Thinking Questionnaire (2003) were implemented. For analyzing the data Pearson correlation coefficient and canonical correlation were applied. Results of the study showed that between the predictive variables (mindfulness, moral- cultural foundation and critical thinking) and the criterion variables (hopefulness and perception of God) were two significant canonical functions that equal to 0/644 and 0/293 (p<0/05). The results of the canonical correlation analysis also, revealed that in the set of predictive variables the mindfulness was the strongest predictor. In the set of criterion variables, hopefulness had more predictive power. So, considering the predictive role of mindfulness, moral- cultural foundation and critical thinking in prediction of hopefulness and perception of God, it could be concluded that through focusing on predictive variable s, hopefulness and perception of God would be increased in married woman students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - The Critical Analysis of Dominant Discourse in Jalal Al-Ahmad’s Zan-e-Ziadi Story
Fereshteh Aliani Firooz Fazeli Bahar HoushyarThe aim of present study was the critical analysis of dominant discourse in Jalal Al-Ahmad’s Zan-e-Ziadi story by using Norman Fairclough’s approach. The studied universe was Zan-e-Ziadi stories collection with the same title by Jalal Al-Ahmad. The research MoreThe aim of present study was the critical analysis of dominant discourse in Jalal Al-Ahmad’s Zan-e-Ziadi story by using Norman Fairclough’s approach. The studied universe was Zan-e-Ziadi stories collection with the same title by Jalal Al-Ahmad. The research sample included power signs and socio-historical issues of Zan-e-Ziadi story. The design of the research was qualitative and studied by descriptive-analytic method on three levels namely, description, explanation, and analysis. The results of the study in this work of Al-Ahmad indicated that the powerful presence of authoritative and patriarchal discourse in the story and simultaneously in the society of the writer own time and even in the thoughts of the writer himself. As a result, the presence of men gender superiority culture and the persistence of domination and submissiveness had led to women marginalization and passiveness. The important point revealed by the story critical discourse analysis was that the tyrannical mentality was more responsible for the institutionalization of that culture more than tyrannical power. Hence in such a system the story main character (protagonist) was the victim of her own undeveloped thought, passiveness, accepting domination discourse, and institutionalizing it in her more than being defeated by the power and decision of men of her family. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - The Relationship between Critical Thinking and Meta Cognition with Academic Success in Female Students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University
Sahar Safarzadeh Fatemeh Sadat MarashianThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between critical thinking and meta cognition with academic success in female students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University. The sample included 200 subjects who were selected based on stratified random samplin MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between critical thinking and meta cognition with academic success in female students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University. The sample included 200 subjects who were selected based on stratified random sampling. To measure the variables California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTST), State Meta-cognition Inventory (ESM) and Academic Success were used. To analyze the data Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariable regression (p≤ 0.0001) were employed as statistical methods. The results revealed that there was significant relationship between critical thinking and Meta cognition with academic success. The regression output also indicated that critical thinking and Meta cognition were well predictive to academic success. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Identification and Ranking of Critical Success Factors for the Implementation of Sustainable Supply Chain Management Using Dematel-ANP Hybrid Approach in the Automobile Industry of Iran
Mahmood Yahyazadehfar seyed Javad Alavi TabariThere are multiple problems of social, economic and environmental have led to organizations towards the use of sustainable supply chain management and on the one hand, globalization has made successful implementation of sustainable supply chain management always a conce MoreThere are multiple problems of social, economic and environmental have led to organizations towards the use of sustainable supply chain management and on the one hand, globalization has made successful implementation of sustainable supply chain management always a concern for managers, especially in the automobile industry. As a result, due to the need for the use of sustainable supply chain management in organizations, it is essential to achieve a successful and efficient sustainable supply chain management. In this regard, this study aims to detect critical factors that are effective in the successful implementation of sustainable supply chain management in the automobile industry by review the literature and using experts' viewpoints and Fuzzy Delphi method, as well as by using DANP, it determines the importance and ranking of these factors in the implementation of sustainable supply chain management. Research results determined 25 critical factors for the successful implementation of sustainable supply chain management in the automobile industry that of these, the top management commitment and support, strategic planning and long-term vision and environmental auditing for suppliers, were identified as the most important factors, respectively and cross-function integration as the least important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Pattern of production resilience in critical shocks (sanction); A qualitative study based on grounded theory
MEHDI NAZARI hasan mehrmanesh Jala Haghighat monfaredAlthough there is general agreement on the effect of sanctions on production, so far no model has been proposed for production that meets the conditions of the sanctions. In this research, a model of production resilience in critical shocks was presented. The approach o MoreAlthough there is general agreement on the effect of sanctions on production, so far no model has been proposed for production that meets the conditions of the sanctions. In this research, a model of production resilience in critical shocks was presented. The approach of this research is qualitative and in terms of practical and developmental purpose and in terms of method, descriptive-exploratory and data theory. In accordance with the data theory method of the foundation, semi-structured interviews were conducted with production experts (studied by Saipa Automotive Group) and continued until the theoretical saturation based on the snowball technique. After counting 1131 key phrases, 841 first level code, 165 second level code and 79 concepts in open coding stage, 37 categories in axial coding and finally paradigm model in selective coding stage were obtained. The results of the research include causal, contextual, intervening conditions and consequences, specific and most important strategies for acting on factors such as placing the vision of resistance economy in the position of strategy, production appropriate to regional-provincial ecology, implementation of internalization instead of outsourcing, changing intellectual paradigms. Internalization and extraversion, the establishment of a training center for jihadi leaders and the establishment of a center for the accumulation of technical-industrial knowledge in the country are considered as the most important factors in creating resilience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - The Impact of Knowledge Management on Organizational Performance: A Balanced Scorecard Approach
Changiz Valmohammadi Mohsen Ahmadi Mohsen Seyed AliakbarThis study aims to present a holistic approach regarding an evaluation of knowledge management (KM) practices on organizational performance of the subsidiary firms of Iran National Petrochemical Company (INPC). In this study balanced scorecard approach (BSC) has been em MoreThis study aims to present a holistic approach regarding an evaluation of knowledge management (KM) practices on organizational performance of the subsidiary firms of Iran National Petrochemical Company (INPC). In this study balanced scorecard approach (BSC) has been employed and the research hypotheses were raised based on the four perspectives of this approach, namely customer, growth and learning, internal processes, and financial. By literature, critical success factors (CSFs) of KM and organizational performance along with their items were identified in the framework of BSC’s perspectives. Based on these constructs and their items an instrument was designed and distributed among managers and employees of the surveyed organizations. Reliability of the instrument was calculated by Chronbach’s alpha for the two sections of the instrument i.e. KM practices and organizational performance. Also, using factor analysis the construct validity of the questionnaire was approved. Finally, based on the hypotheses of the study and using structural equation modeling the impacts of KM practices on organizational performance were investigated. The results revealed that KM practices positively and significantly (though weak) impact overall organizational performance.This impact is significant only regarding growth and learning dimension and on the other dimensions is insignificant. Also, as the customer and financial constructs were loaded on one factor based on the entity of their indicators we considered these two constructs as stakeholders construct. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Designing a Conceptual Model for Buffer Management in Critical Chain Project Management in Oil & Gas Projects
Behnam Feizabadi Mahmoud Alborzi Abbas Tolouee Ahmad MakoyiThis paper aims to determine factors influencing on the buffer sizing based on Project Risks, which are usually subjective and qualitative. Because of the subjective feature, they can’t be calculated accurately and they are responsible for the project delays. In a MoreThis paper aims to determine factors influencing on the buffer sizing based on Project Risks, which are usually subjective and qualitative. Because of the subjective feature, they can’t be calculated accurately and they are responsible for the project delays. In addition, because projects may enter a time of shortage, as well as inadequate resources, estimated time duration prolongs which in turn increases the project costs. On the other side, offering a conceptual model, this investigation aims to identify risks relationships and interactions. Fundamental and related risks were defined in the proposed model which is based on a conceptual model. The model also can be used to better buffer sizing and improve time duration and cost estimations. Interpretative Structural Modelling was used to develop the conceptual modeling and 27 experts in Oil and Gas Mega Projects were interviewed to gather the needed data to provide the model. Based on the conceptual model and simultaneous analysis, the problems caused by the complexity and low recognition of the technical issues of the project are the main factor that put managers and contractors in a situation to increase the level of buffers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Providing a Method to Buffer Sizing Determination in Critical Chain of Project Scheduling (Case study: Suliran Co.)
Mohammad Mehdi Tavagho Hamedani Ahmad MakouieA critical chain is a novel approach in the domain of project management which has been developed to eliminate projects’ unfavorable impacts and their reasons. Also, it is used to increase resources performance and to utilize restrictions of project system. To sec MoreA critical chain is a novel approach in the domain of project management which has been developed to eliminate projects’ unfavorable impacts and their reasons. Also, it is used to increase resources performance and to utilize restrictions of project system. To secure project against probable disturbances time buffers were installed in different areas based on this approach. Thus, tensions of uncritical activities were kept to be transferred to critical chain and tensions of critical chain activities were prevented as well to be transmitted to project delivery time. In the present paper, a method to determine buffers size in the domain of critical chain was presented. The method fortified with such main characteristics as applying experts’ ideas throughout the work steps, as well as the simple implementing process. Even though the concepts proposed in this method are close to “Pert” method, the distribution function of activities time probability in the method was obtained according to experts’ ideas. Finally, the critical chain was conducted for designing, constructing, and installing of a steel structure in Suliran Company to assess the suggested method. Buffers size were estimated using two recognized methods in pieces of literature, Cut and Paste (C&P) method, Root Square Error (RSE) method, and the proposed method. Comparing with two mentioned methods, the presented method, as obtained results display, generates buffers with more protection against project's probable delays. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Identification and Design of the Model of Critical Factors Realizing the Green Supply Chain of the Automotive Industry
Hossein Rahimi elahe taheriThe purpose of the present research is to "identify and design a model of critical factors for the realization of the green supply chain of automotive industry".In this research, by studying the literature, the factors affecting the emergence of the supply chain were id MoreThe purpose of the present research is to "identify and design a model of critical factors for the realization of the green supply chain of automotive industry".In this research, by studying the literature, the factors affecting the emergence of the supply chain were identified and then, in the quantitative phase, using the field research, the main goal of the research was realized. In order to identify the critical factors of the green supply chain of the automotive industry and the importance of each of the factors, a questionnaire consisting of 33 questions was given and 100 employees of the automotive synchronous company who were selected by random sampling were given. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis and t-test. The results showed that all four main components of green supply chain management include supply chain management, product recycling, organizational interaction, and life cycle management, and the underlying indicators of these factors in the automotive industry, and all of these factors are green in the supply chain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Identifying and Prioritizing of the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of Knowledge Management by Using SAW & FAHP
Elmira Rahimi Majid Bagherzadeh KhajehIn the knowledge-based age, knowledge is regarded as a competitive advantage which should be managed in a proper manner for an accurate use. The first step to implement a system is to identify the key factors. During designation and implementation of knowledge managemen MoreIn the knowledge-based age, knowledge is regarded as a competitive advantage which should be managed in a proper manner for an accurate use. The first step to implement a system is to identify the key factors. During designation and implementation of knowledge management, a series of factors exist which play a more vital role and they lead to facilitation and acceleration of the implementation process of the system by focusing on the main axes. This research is conducted in order to identify and prioritize the critical success factors (CSFs) of knowledge management. The statistical population consisted of managers and experts of Tabriz Oil Refinery which is equal to 30 persons. As the statistical population number is limited, there is no need for sampling and the whole population was surveyed. For data collection, two questionnaires were employed, the reliability and validity of questionnaires were assessed by experts’ reviews, opinions, and Cronbach test. For identifying the factors effective on the success of knowledge management T-test was performed. According to the findings and results, four critical success factors were identified, including management practices, organization efforts and development, information technology and supply and adoption rate. With regard to the simple Additive Weighting Method (SAW), the ranking of afore-mentioned factors are as follows: management practices, organizational efforts, supply, and adoption rate and IT. And with regard to the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), the ranking of these factors are as follows: management practices, organizational efforts, IT and supply, and adoption rate. In addition to the importance of knowledge management, we can refer to the identification of gaps in organization's knowledge, higher productivity of human capital; provide more value-added goods, the satisfaction of customers and employees, strengthening competitive position. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - A Survey on the Risk Management in Water Transmission Projects (Case Study: Kurdistan Regional Water Company)
Azad Enayati Heirsh Soltanpanah Alireza Qari QuranDelay is defined as a different time between anticipated time and real time to complete the project. The aim of this study was to identify delay risk factors in water lines and offer an outline solution in the projects to reduce the delay time. For this purpose, a delay MoreDelay is defined as a different time between anticipated time and real time to complete the project. The aim of this study was to identify delay risk factors in water lines and offer an outline solution in the projects to reduce the delay time. For this purpose, a delayed case was studied in Kurdistan intubation in order to identify and prioritizing delayed projects criteria while they are identified and extracted. Delays factors are determined and prioritized in the six-step methodology and analytic hierarchy process based on five factors including employee, consultant, contractor, independent of tubing and other external factors. Analysing the data, the results helped to identify and measure the effects of each of the identified risks on project objectives (time, cost, quality). The results showed that the most important key risks affecting the project's main objectives are as follows: poor planning is done by the contractor of the project, the quality of financial risks, including inflation and risks, the loss of channels drilling and loss of redrilling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Identify and Prioritizing the Critical Success Factor of the New Product Development with Fuzzy Inference System
Saeid Jafari Khanshir Reza Radfar Reza Hosnavi Reza AzarafzaNew product development (NPD) as modern approach applied for facing to environmental changes and is necessary to enter and remain (or survive) in the competitive environment and achieve competitive advantages. Firms according to identify the critical success factors (CS MoreNew product development (NPD) as modern approach applied for facing to environmental changes and is necessary to enter and remain (or survive) in the competitive environment and achieve competitive advantages. Firms according to identify the critical success factors (CSF) of NPD and obtain the profitable results from this factor, can achieve competitive advantages. Researchers analysis CSFs of NPD in 35 years and concluded that managing of the new product is the more important factor. The important of NPD in complex and product system (CoPS) is highlighted. The firm can assess the process whit CSF’s and improve the process and achieve the effectiveness of activities. Studying the relevant article and literature reviews, 40 factors influencing the success of NPD has identified in this paper. Applying fuzzy inference system (FIS) and studying some aerospace project as NPD projects that is relevant with CoPS, in the next step, input variety (the level of activity of factor in NPD projects and the level of project success from the viewpoint) and indicator (cost, time and quality of NPD’s product) are analyzed. The MATLAB software and SAJENO model of FIS were applied for analyzing data. As result, the selected CSF’s with brainstorming is categorized into in 3 groups: development team abilities, organizational resources and organizational process and 20 factors as CSF of NPD identified and prioritized. Thus, focusing in these factors, managers can achieve the competitive advantages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Identifying Six Sigma Critical Success Factors to Reduce Variability of Processes (Case study: Dairy Industry)
Behzad Ghasemi Roghayeh Gharehpoor Niloofar Kavoli HaghighiNowadays, the variability of processes is the most important reason for increasing costs and reducing efficiency and product quality, and companies are always trying to remove it. The purpose of this research is to identify Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of reducing th MoreNowadays, the variability of processes is the most important reason for increasing costs and reducing efficiency and product quality, and companies are always trying to remove it. The purpose of this research is to identify Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of reducing the variability of processes with Six Sigma approach in the dairy industry. The statistical population of this research is dairy companies that managers and experts of production and quality control units of these companies as the statistical analysis unit were selected. Initially, through an in-depth review of past studies, the effective components on reducing the variability of processes were determined and then using exploratory factor analysis technique, the CSFs of reducing the variability of processes with Six Sigma approach were identified. Finally, using Bartlett's test, equality of variance was tested for the identified CSFs. The obtained results showed that eight CSFs of reducing variability of processes with Six Sigma approach were identified in dairy industry, which include: "Managing variability of processes", "nature of project team", "nature of project", "engagement and commitment of senior management" "communication with Customers and Suppliers," "Cultural Change," "Employee Learning," "Data and Information Management." Also, the research results showed that the effect of each of the CSFs on the reduction of processes variability is different. The result of this research can be used by decision-makers and managers of manufacturing companies to improve processes and productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Impact and Effectiveness of Soft Skills on Critical Thinking and Innovative Behavior of School Principals (With DEMATEL Methodological Approach)
fardin teimorzadeh habibeh najafiHaving innovative behavior and critical thinking among managers are two essential and vital elements to promote the effectiveness of the organization and its productivity. Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of finding the influence and effectiveness of sof MoreHaving innovative behavior and critical thinking among managers are two essential and vital elements to promote the effectiveness of the organization and its productivity. Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of finding the influence and effectiveness of soft skills on critical thinking and innovative behavior of school principals. This is an applied-developmental research and from a methodological point of view, it is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study includes all 260 school principals in districts 1 and 3 of Tabriz city in 2020, among which the sample size was estimated to be 84 people through Cochran's formula. The research tool includes a researcher-made questionnaire specifically designed for the DEMATEL method. Data analysis was performed using DEMATEL method. The results showed that the most influential factor is creativity and problem solving and the critical thinking variable is in the second place of influence. In terms of the intensity of impact, the components of soft skills are creativity and problem solving, lifelong learning, teamwork, professional ethics and communication, respectively, which have had the most impact. The most influential variable is innovative behavior. Also, among the influential components of soft skills, lifelong learning is the most important factor that has had a great impact on innovative behavior. Lifelong learning is like a driving force that, if properly used, can accelerate innovative behavior, professional ethics, communication and even teamwork and promote school principals in today's high-risk world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - An explanatory test of political behavior with hypocritical behavior based on spirituality and strategic thinking of High School Teachers
omid safari nima shahidi samaneh panahiIntroduction: The main purpose of this research was to test the explanation of political behavior with hypocritical behavior based on spirituality and strategic thinking among secondary school teachers in Mamsani city.research methodology: The research method was a corr MoreIntroduction: The main purpose of this research was to test the explanation of political behavior with hypocritical behavior based on spirituality and strategic thinking among secondary school teachers in Mamsani city.research methodology: The research method was a correlational descriptive research in terms of nature and content. The statistical population of this research was all 284 secondary school teachers in Mamasani city. To determine the sample size, 165 people were selected from Morgan's table. The sampling method in this research was a simple random one. In this research, Danaei-fard & et al.'s Hypocritical Behavior Questionnaire (2013), Dobrin Political Behavior Questionnaire (1978), Hall Edwards Spirituality Questionnaire (1986) and Goldman Strategic Thinking Questionnaire (2005) were used to collect information. Pearson correlation test, regression analysis and path analysis were used to analyze the data. SPSS21 and PLS statistical softwares were used to perform these analyses.Findings: The findings of this research indicated that there is a significant relationship between political behaviors and hypocritical behaviors through spirituality among secondary school teachers in Mamasani city. Also, there is a significant relationship between political behaviors and hypocritical behaviors through strategic thinking among secondary school teachers in Mamsani city. And finally, it was determined that the conceptual model of political behaviors with hypocritical behaviors through spirituality and strategic thinking among teachers of the second secondary level of Mamasani city has a good fit.Conclusion: Therefore, considering the appropriateness of the current research model, it is appropriate to use this model for efficiency and effectiveness as much as possible in the target community, and those in charge should pay special attention to the research variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - The Effectiveness of Problem-Solving Teaching Method on Critical Thinking and Academic Performance of Sixth Grade Student
Somayeh Ebrahimi-dolar Abbas GholtashIntroduction: The aim of this study was to explain the effect of problem-solving teaching methods on critical thinking and academic performance of sixth grade students in Birjand city.Research Methodology: This research was conducted as an intervention study with a pre- MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to explain the effect of problem-solving teaching methods on critical thinking and academic performance of sixth grade students in Birjand city.Research Methodology: This research was conducted as an intervention study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population was the sixth grade students of Birjand city in the academic year 2021-2022 and the samples were selected by random double-stage cluster sampling and they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Using the problem-solving teaching method, the science course was taught and the control group was trained as usual. Before and after applying the independent variable, pre-test and post-test were taken from the students. The Pham & Taylor (1999) Student Performance Questionnaire was used to assess students' academic performance, and the California Critical Thinking Orientation Questionnaire (Facion, 1992) was used to assess students' critical thinking. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical studies and Shapiro-Wilk statistical tests (to check normality), Levene's test (to check the homogeneity of variances) and univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance through SPSS software version 23.Findings: The results indicate that problem-solving education has a significant effect on students' critical thinking and academic performance (p<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Designing a teaching model based on developing critical thinking in high schools
Alimohammad Siahiatabaki Fatemeh SiahiatabakiIntroduction: One of the necessary skills in a world that is constantly changing is the ability to think, especially critical thinking. The aim of the current research was to investigate and present the significant approaches in the teaching area based on the developmen MoreIntroduction: One of the necessary skills in a world that is constantly changing is the ability to think, especially critical thinking. The aim of the current research was to investigate and present the significant approaches in the teaching area based on the development of critical thinking and to design a teaching model based on the development of critical thinking in high schools. Research methodology: In this qualitative research, qualitative content analysis method of inductive categorization system was used. The research field (statistical population) included available written and digital resources related to critical thinking, and sampling was done in a purposeful method, and the data collection tool was note-taking from all available written and digital sources. Data analysis was done through thematic coding in three stages of open coding (477 codes), axial coding (80 codes) and selective coding (20 codes). Then the codes were categorized and the final components were extracted. Findings: The most important approaches in teaching based on the development of critical thinking include problem solving, group discussion, using the questioning technique, students being active, oral presentation and continuous assessment of students. The proposed teaching model includes three sections: before the interaction, during the interaction and after the interaction. Conclusion: Determining the proposed approaches in teaching critical thinking and designing a teaching model based on the development of critical thinking and teachers' familiarity with them can become the basis for their use in high schools and increase students' critical thinking skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - The Relationship between perception of social interaction and Learning cognitive Styles to critical thinking in Female High School Students
rezvan homaei Fakhralssadat Fatemi ArdestaniThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between of perception of social interactions and learning cognitive styles to critical thinking in female high school students in Ahvaz. The study was from descriptive and correlational type. A sample incl MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between of perception of social interactions and learning cognitive styles to critical thinking in female high school students in Ahvaz. The study was from descriptive and correlational type. A sample including 250 female high school students were selected. Subjects were tested by the Gela’s Patterns of Social Interaction Inventory (1994), the Kolb Cognitive Learning Style Inventory (1985) and the RickettsCritical Thinking Inventory (2003). To analyze data of the Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used as statistical methods. The results of Pearson correlation showed that there were significant and positive correlations between of perception of social interactions including positive thoughts to critical thinking (0/35) and there was a significant and negative correlation between learning cognitive styles of reflective observation with critical thinking (0/16). But, perception of social interactions in the field of negative thoughts (-0/08), and learning cognitive styles of concrete experience (0/05), abstract conceptualization (0/07), and active experimentation (0/06) had not significant correlation with critical thinking. Regression analysis showed that negative thoughts (reversely), positive thoughts, had multiple relationships to critical thinking and explained 16% of the variance of critical thinking. Also, results showed that positive thoughts and negative thoughts (reversely) were the strongest predictors of critical thinking respectively (P<0.05). So, finding indicate that increasing the perception of social interactions in the field of positive and negative thoughts in promoting critical thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - An Investigation on Shamloo’s Poems using Critical Aesthetics
fariba mirzamohammadnia mohamadali gozashti aliyeh yuseffamIt can be claimed that Critical Aesthetics is the most important achievement gained from the Frankfort School. As critical Aestheticians believe, noble art should be able to free itself from homogeneity and similarity induced by dominant governments. It should, also, be MoreIt can be claimed that Critical Aesthetics is the most important achievement gained from the Frankfort School. As critical Aestheticians believe, noble art should be able to free itself from homogeneity and similarity induced by dominant governments. It should, also, be able to actualize free meaning creation in a world where the origin of meaning is being devastated. In the present article, the art of Shamloo was investigated descriptively and analytically, from the stated perspective. The process followed was extracting case examples from the original text and analyzing them according to the theory. Since his poems are in close relationship with local texture of society, the study necessitates accessing sociological perspectives, as well. In this article, Shamloo’s versatile views toward prevalent semantic norms and the deficiencies of the modern society in this regard are categorized under different headings. His most frequent semantic norm breaking occurs in the domain of conventional ideological beliefs, binary contradictions, and the manifestation of the modern society. Here, Shamloo’s explicit objections target the values dominating the modern society. This way, his coherent thought construct is pictured behind his poems to help the reader to discover the ideology of his work and picture the poet’s world view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Comparing the cognitive style of Jami and Ghazali's letters in the political context of critical discourse analysis
susan fotouhi tekantapeAbstract : The main topic of this research is a combination between stylistic of letters of Jami and Ghazzali with the approach of critical discourse analysis. The letters of mystics and great scientists are major historical sources which, in addition to enclosing a lot MoreAbstract : The main topic of this research is a combination between stylistic of letters of Jami and Ghazzali with the approach of critical discourse analysis. The letters of mystics and great scientists are major historical sources which, in addition to enclosing a lot of political, social and cultural information of the past, they show the relationships between the writers and authorities and different social classes. In this research we are trying to investigate the stylistic features of Jami and Ghazzali in three levels of description, annotation and explanation based on 3_dimentional model of Norman Fairclough in order to answer this questions that each one used which discourse and language strategy to communicate with others in political subjects? Which common and different points are exist in stylistic and language features of their letters? What role does discourse play in letters? The metod of this study is analytical-descriptive and our results showed that the ruling discourse on the letters of Jami is gnostic which, centered on divine love and ruling discourse on the letters of Ghazzali are ascetic which, centered on futurism. Each of them manipulate a discriminate discourse in letters to save authority against government ; but in fact the relationship of Jami's authority is via alignment with power of governors, on the other hand Ghazzalis's authority is via standing against the government apparatus and by this method could control the authority and invited them to adminstrative of justice and supporting people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Asylum as a protest; an analysis of the novel No Friend but the Mountains from the Perspective of Critical Aesthetic Theory
hamid moradi osman hedayatAbstractLiterature has always been part of the ideological struggle and the struggle against power structures. With the advent of the Frankfurt School, the issue of criticism and the negative view of the present of human society took on a more serious and coherent dimen MoreAbstractLiterature has always been part of the ideological struggle and the struggle against power structures. With the advent of the Frankfurt School, the issue of criticism and the negative view of the present of human society took on a more serious and coherent dimension. The achievement of the Frankfurt School is the "theory of critical aesthetics", which considers the original art to be independent and to reject and change the existing situation. The novel "No Friendship except Mountain" is based on a kind of critical realism that challenges power structures. The purpose of this study is to read the situation of immigration and asylum using Behrouz Buchani's novel "No Friend except the Mountain". Immigration and Asylum is a pretext for criticizing the current situation in liberal-democratic countries, which tries to narrate the situation of "Manus" prison by using the method of expression and protest tone and the use of symbols and metaphors. This challenges the emergence of new forms of capitalism and colonialism that manifest themselves in the refugee subject and refugee status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - The status of inaugural dissertation of Kant in his critical philosophy
Hossein Houshangi Kant's philosophy consists of two pre-critical (until 1770) and critical stages. Inaugural dissertation written in 1770 shows Kant in the middle of his flight. Essentially, in the history of philosophy the passage times is very important because it can us knew phi More Kant's philosophy consists of two pre-critical (until 1770) and critical stages. Inaugural dissertation written in 1770 shows Kant in the middle of his flight. Essentially, in the history of philosophy the passage times is very important because it can us knew philosophical issues in their origination and formation period. It also helps us to know more about the solutions and innovations as well as terminology of certain philosophy. In his dissertation Kant makes a distinction between sensibility and reason and allocated phenomenal knowledge to the sensibility and nominal one to the reason. He also recognized the great part played by time and space as forms of perception. A while the quality of correspondence of rational concepts with non-sensual objects attracted his attention. Confronting this issue he confined the rational concepts to the phenomenal world but to the effects of Hume, s critiques about causality, application of those concepts on phenomenal world also is being questioned and thereby ground is paved for introducing the prior doctrine in critical era of Kant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - An Examination of Sayyied Ahmad Khomeini's Views and Ranjnameh based on critical discourse Analysis
mansour Anbarmoo Fatemeh tabatabaieSeyyed Ahmad Mostafavi Khomeini (1946-1995) is the son of Imam Khomeini, as one of the important political activists before and after the Islamic Revolution. Although he is well known as one of the first-hand sources of contemporary political historiography due his pres MoreSeyyed Ahmad Mostafavi Khomeini (1946-1995) is the son of Imam Khomeini, as one of the important political activists before and after the Islamic Revolution. Although he is well known as one of the first-hand sources of contemporary political historiography due his presence and activity during the struggle and exile and Imam's leadership, in research,, his opinions and political life are rarely mentioned. Administration Imam's Beit (house) during the exile, struggles, and establishment of the Islamic revolution, developments related to the imposed war, issues related to the dismissal of the deputy leadership and the writing of the Ranjnameh are among the turning points of his life. The issue of this research is why Ahmad Khomeini wrote the Ranjnameh. In the present study, an attempt is made to explain the text of Ranjnameh as one of the most important political letters in the history of contemporary Iran, using the approach of analyzing the critical discourse of Norman Fairclough and the role of Ahmad in the developments of the first decade of the Islamic Revolution. Using this approach, the base is processed and checked in the index. The findings of the research show Ahmad Khomeini, considering the political and social situation of Iran in the 1980s and variables such as Imam Khomeini's illness and the changes in power relations in the 1960s, tried to create a new political and religious meaning in the field by compiling the manifesto. In line with political identification, the reproduction of the ideological beliefs of the Islamic Revolution, the consolidation and organization of the public consent for the selection of the new successor of the leadership and the persuasion of the public opinion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Critical search for corporate control methods in Parent firms
Parinaz Arabzadeh Hamed Rahmani Ali MohtashamiAlthough the expansion of parent firms is of great importance to economic development and their central role in the administration of diverse businesses and value creation is undeniable, one of the main concerns of these firms and managers of subsidiaries is how to esta MoreAlthough the expansion of parent firms is of great importance to economic development and their central role in the administration of diverse businesses and value creation is undeniable, one of the main concerns of these firms and managers of subsidiaries is how to establish relationships or in other words corporate control. Parent firms can control the entire business process of subsidiaries, and this control can be introduced in the form of three styles of strategic planning, financial control and strategic control, which is commonly known as parent control in theoretical literature. However, the complexity of environmental conditions and increasing uncertainties will not allow the adoption of a fixed control style to meet the goals of the parent firms. Therefore, creating an interactive and scenario -based control system is recommended for subsidiaries for long-term survival. In this article, by reviewing the literature on parent firms control and a critical view of the popular methods and styles of controlling subsidiary companies, a new method with an emphasis on participation, interaction and internalization of strategic decisions is presented to cover the current shortcomings and offer a more effective control of firms in changing environments. In the current study, the different categories of parent firms along with their configuration and managerial styles under different conditions, the proportion of characteristics, size, diversity and value -making practices are explained and compared. This review article can be effective for corporate control and can open a new horizon for future researchers to analyze the different styles of parent firms under uncertainty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Developing a Structural Equation Model of Factors Affecting tend to Critical Thinking of Teachers of Karaj Education Dept., District 4.
Kamran Mohammad Khani Amir Hosrin MohammadDavidi Maryam Farokh Nia Background: This study aimed to design a structural equation model of effective factors on the teachers' tendency toward critical thinking. Method: Research statistical population consisted of teachers of district 4 of K More Background: This study aimed to design a structural equation model of effective factors on the teachers' tendency toward critical thinking. Method: Research statistical population consisted of teachers of district 4 of Karaj. Considering that how and what extent the influence of this factors can be done with using structural equation and analyzing of factors. Methods, in terms of descriptive data collection approach, are the kind of measurement and objective. The instrument used in this study is standard questionnaires tended to critical thinking Ricketts, questionnaires for the measuring of ethical leadership is Dahoogh, and to meeting of spiritual intelligence has been applied Heldberent questionnaire and organizational learning based on Nife model, the final question was 57 and 375 samples were randomly selected that sample size is according to category relative formula based on Morgan table. Content reliability of questionnaire was confirmed by experts and other to analyze the data was used Pearson correlation and LISREL software and structural equation modeling. Findings: The result showed that the extent of the tendency critical thinking, emotional, intelligence, ethical leadership and teachers' organizational learning were higher than average value. There was a significant positive correlation between effective factors to critical thinking involving moral leadership, spiritual intelligence and organizational learning. Result: As a result of the factors that could affect critical thinking, ethical leadership, and organizational learning were spiritual intelligence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - The effect training of assertiveness program on critical thinking (creativity, development, commitment) second grade girl first school students in the of khorramabad city
Ezatolah ghadampour لیلا یوسف وند پروانه رادمهرAim: The aim of the present study was to examine effect training of assertiveness program on critical thinking (creativity, development, commitment) second grade girl first school students in the of khorramabad city. Method: The study method of sup-experimental with de MoreAim: The aim of the present study was to examine effect training of assertiveness program on critical thinking (creativity, development, commitment) second grade girl first school students in the of khorramabad city. Method: The study method of sup-experimental with design pre-test - post-test and follow-up with the control group. The study population included all high school girl students in second grade Khorramabad city area on public schools in the academic year 1394-95. Sample size of 44 Person (of Person 22 experiment group and Person 22 control group) using multi-stage random cluster were selected. In this study measuring tool, questionnaire critical thinking ricketts (2003). The experimental group was assertiveness program training, after the training Meetings, from both the experimental and control groups post-test and again two months later, both groups were followed up. With of using SPSS - 19 and descriptive and descriptive and inferential test run such as of multivariate analyzes were done. findings :The results study showed that assertiveness program training (cognitive and meta- cognitive) the effect generally critical thinking (P<0/001) and of its sub - components, on development and commitment (P<0/001) but had no effect in component creativity. While the results was preserved in the follow up Phase. Conclusion: Assertiveness program training is to increase students' critical thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Study the effects of Inquiry-based Instruction on critical thinking in science class
Mosayeb Yar Mohammadi vasel Behnaz Noshadi Hamid Reza Maghami Arash BahramiPurpose: Critical thinking requires that change the thought ,exploring and postulate of students. So the purpose of this research is that Study the effects of Inquiry-based Instruction on critical thinking of students. Method: Research method was quasi-experimental with MorePurpose: Critical thinking requires that change the thought ,exploring and postulate of students. So the purpose of this research is that Study the effects of Inquiry-based Instruction on critical thinking of students. Method: Research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with an experimental group and a control group. The population of this study consisted of all girl students in fifth grade in hamedan city in 2014. Available sampling method was used in this study, 30 students were selected as subjects of research and perch 15 subjects in the control group and 15 subjects in the experimental group by random sampling. The instrument used in this study was California critical thinking questionnaire. The Inquiry-based Instruction was presented by the investigator in 20 sessions of 45 minutes for experimental group. Research data were analyzed by using covariance analysis. Findings: The findings showed that there was significant difference between level of critical thinking of experimental group and control group in pretest and posttest. So Inquiry-based Instruction in science class had a positive effect on students’ critical thinking. Conclusions: The results showed that Inquiry-based Instruction reiforce critical thinking of students in science class, so to the teachers of this lesson is recommended that attention to role of teaching to Inquiry-based Instruction to enhance their critical thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Designing Educational model of questioning for Social Studies and investigating the efficiency of the model an understanding concepts and critical thinking
Saeid Mahmoodi bardezardi Eskandar Fathiazar Firooz Mahmoodi Rahim BadriGoal: The present study aims to design Educational model of questioning for Social Studies and to validate its efficiency in conceptual understanding and critical thinking of students grade six of primary school in educational year 95-96. Method: This research is a comb MoreGoal: The present study aims to design Educational model of questioning for Social Studies and to validate its efficiency in conceptual understanding and critical thinking of students grade six of primary school in educational year 95-96. Method: This research is a combinational one and consists of two parts: the first part is allocated to designing an appropriate model of questioning for Social Studies and the second part is related to validating the efficiency of this model in conceptual understanding and critical thinking. In qualitative section synthesis research is used to design models and in quantitative section which aims to test the efficiency of the designed model on scientific concept understanding and critical thinking of student in grade six of primary school, using and experiment we randomly chose 50 male students and divided them experimental group and control group. In order to compare critical thinking and scientific concept understanding of these two groups, Kernels test of critical thinking was used both in pre – test and post - test. The collected data were analyzed using co – variance analytical test. Results:The results in qualitative section led to designing a model with seven dimensions (fundamentals, principals, techniques, procedures, stages, questions, objective, and evaluation). The results in quantitative section indicated that the designed model improved critical thinking and understanding concepts in experiment group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - The effectiveness of critical thinking teaching on attitude to creativity and intellectual vitality Lorestan University of medical sciences students
Ezattolah Ghadampour Leila Amirian Sajad KkhodaeiAim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of critical thinking training on the creativity and mental vitality Lorestan University of Medical Sciences students in the academic year of 2017-2018. Method: A semi-experimental research was carried out MoreAim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of critical thinking training on the creativity and mental vitality Lorestan University of Medical Sciences students in the academic year of 2017-2018. Method: A semi-experimental research was carried out in the form of pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population included all male and female students of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. The research sample consisted of 40 students who were selected through purposeful sampling and were randomly assigned to either control or experimental groups of 20 subjects. For measuring attitude toward creativity, before and after the implementation of critical thinking training, Shiferan's attitude to creativity test (2003) and mental health aversion were used from Ryan and Frederick (1997). Critical thinking training for the experimental group received 10 sessions of 90 minutes, and after the course, two groups were subjected to post-test. During this period, no training was performed for the control group. Covariance test was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that teaching critical thinking enhances creativity and intellectual vitality were students (F=6/97, p<0/003). Conclusion: Thus, according to the teaching of critical thinking in creativity and vitality subjective necessity of holding periods are research and training centers in this area is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Impact of Managerial Entrepreneurial Characteristics on Innovative Behavior and Critical Thinking (Case Study: Islamic Azad University Incubator Center of Technology Units)
Reza Yadegari Ebrahim Abbasi Majid Ashrafi Freydon AzmaObjective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the relation between the entrepreneurial personality traits of managers and the innovative behavior of the organization through critical thinking of managers in growth centers and technology units of Islamic Aza MoreObjective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the relation between the entrepreneurial personality traits of managers and the innovative behavior of the organization through critical thinking of managers in growth centers and technology units of Islamic Azad University using descriptive and correlational method at the level of organizational analysis. Methods: The statistical population of the managers of knowledge-based companies is the active base of these centers in 2018, of which 270 were reported. The sample size was calculated using 155 Morgan table and returned to 145 questionnaires. The Personality Characteristics Questionnaire of Entrepreneurs (2008), Ritz Thinking (2009) and Johnson's Innovative Behavior (2010) have been used to collect information. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (23 version) for structural equation modeling of PLS axis and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, Pearson correlation coefficient, simple and multiple regression, and structural equation modeling. Results: Results showed that with increasing critical thinking of managers, their entrepreneurial personality traits and innovative behavior increased. Also, the results indicated that there is a significant relationship between the entrepreneurial personality traits of managers and the organizational behavior through critical thinking of managers. Conclusion: The managers of the companies have tried to be more creative and use their knowledge and skills in new ways to achieve valuable results and to be aware of the complexities of the real issues; they are critical, and for reasoning and prediction positions that require reasoning are prepared so innovative behavior and entrepreneurial personality traits have increased in them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The Effect of Robotic Structures Teaching on Critical Thinking, Creativity and Learning of Mathematical in Tehran Junior High School studnts
Monireh sadat Sajadi Morteza Shahmoradi Mahtab SalimiPurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of teaching robotic structures on critical thinking and creativity and mathematic learning of Junior High School studnts. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttes MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of teaching robotic structures on critical thinking and creativity and mathematic learning of Junior High School studnts. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study includes all Tehran Junior High School studnts in 6th district of Tehran in the academic year 1396-1397. Using multistage cluster sampling, 40 subjects were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. To collect information, Torrance Creativity Questionnaire (1992), California Critical Thinking (1990) and mathematical lesson test were used to measure students' learning. Before the training, the questionnaires were completed by two groups of experimental and control groups. Then, in the experimental group, robotic structures were trained for 12 sessions. After completing the training, both groups were tested. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (single-variable covariance analysis). Findings: education with robotic structures has a significant effect on the creativity dimensions of initiative, flexibility and expansion of Junior High School studnts and on the dimensions of evaluation, inference and deductive reasoning of 'critical thinking as well as thehas effect on students' mathematic learning. The training of robotic structures does not have a significant effect on the fluidity of creativity and in the dimensions of the analytic and deductive reasoning of critical thinking. Conclusion: education with robotic structures has effect on creativity, critical thinking and mathematic learning of Junior High School studnts and increases creativity, critical thinking, and improving their mathematical learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Investigating the relationship between self-awareness and creativity and critical thinking of sixth grade elementary school female students in Pishva
Fariba Hoseina Esmaeil Saedi poraim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-awareness and creativity and critical thinking in sixth grade elementary school female students in Pishva.Method: The research was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of the t Moreaim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-awareness and creativity and critical thinking in sixth grade elementary school female students in Pishva.Method: The research was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of the type of research and descriptive-survey method. statistical population consisted of 391 students in sixth grade elementary school girls in Pishva that 193 students were selected as a sample by cluster random sampling method. Cooper's self-awareness, Abedi's creativity and California critical thinking questionnaires were provided to students. After collecting the questionnaires, the data were analyzed by correlation method and SPSS software.Results: The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between self-awareness and creativity and critical thinking in sixth grade elementary school girls in Pishva and also there is a positive and significant relationship between creativity and critical thinking.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be said that high levels of self-awareness are directly related to high levels of creativity and critical thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Investigating the effect of critical thinking on creative self-concept with the mediating role of openness to diversity and challenge (case study: employees of Payam Noor University, Isfahan province)
Maysam Chekin Hamed Fazeli Kebria farshid aslani Mohsen AslaniObjective: The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of critical thinking on creative self-concept with the mediating role of openness to diversity and challenge at Payam Noor University in Isfahan province.Method: The research method was descr MoreObjective: The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of critical thinking on creative self-concept with the mediating role of openness to diversity and challenge at Payam Noor University in Isfahan province.Method: The research method was descriptive-survey and applied. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the employees of Payam Noor University of Isfahan province, and at the time of the research (year 1401), their number was 900. The sample size was 270 people using the Karjesi and Morgan table and was selected completely randomly. The tools used were Bravo et al.'s critical thinking tendency scale, Kaufman and Bauer's creative self-concept questionnaire, and Bowman's openness to challenge and diversity scale. Data analysis was done using SPSS and Smart PLS software.Results: The results obtained from this research showed that critical thinking has a positive and significant effect on both creative self-concept and openness to diversity and challenge. Also, the mediating role of openness to diversity and challenge among the influence of critical thinking on creative self-concept was proven. Therefore, the final results indicated a positive and significant effect of critical thinking on creative self-concept with the mediating role of openness to diversity and challenges in the employees of Payam Noor University, Isfahan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Effectiveness of TRIZ Program on Problem Solving skills with an emphasis on the Mediating roles of Critical Thinking and School Belonging
Narges Bahrami Seyed Ali Hosseini almadani Saeed Motovali Fateme KhoieiniBackground: Problem-solving is a valuable skill that can be improved by using a creative problem-solving training program(TRIZ). This concept can have positive academic and non-academic consequences for students and prepare them to face various challenges and problems. MoreBackground: Problem-solving is a valuable skill that can be improved by using a creative problem-solving training program(TRIZ). This concept can have positive academic and non-academic consequences for students and prepare them to face various challenges and problems. Objective: The main aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the TRIZ program on problem-solving skills with an emphasis on the mediating roles of critical thinking and school belonging. Method: The research design was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test and control group with a follow-up period in which 30 students were selected by the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The statistical population of the study included all sixth-grade elementary school girls in District 5 of Tehran in the academic year of 2019-2020. In three phases of pre-test, posttest, and follow-up, the groups answered Ricketts' critical thinking questionnaire, Cassidy-Long Problem-Solving Questionnaire, and students' sense of connectedness with school of Brew, Beatty, and Watt (2004). To analyze the data, the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes Model was used in the form of partial least squares. Results: The results showed that the TRIZ program could promote critical thinking and school belonging directly as well as problem-solving skills indirectly. In sum, in the experimental model and follow-up model, path coefficients were identified as significant. The conceptual model of post-test research could explain 51% of the variance of school belonging, 41% of critical thinking variance as well as 56% of problem-solving skills. Conclusion: These results indicate the importance and the impact of the TRIZ program in an educational environment that helps teachers for using it in an effective way in order to promote problem-solving skills, critical thinking and school Belonging Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - The effect of applied drama on creativity and critical thinking of fourth grade students in Tehran
Zahra Hasanzadeh chaijani Hamidreza Maghami Mohammad reza Nili ahmadabadi Aَrash Abrazi bakhshayeshThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of applied drama teaching methods on creativity and critical thinking among students. The present study is a quantitative type and its method is quasi-experimental and the pre-test-post-test design of one group was use MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of applied drama teaching methods on creativity and critical thinking among students. The present study is a quantitative type and its method is quasi-experimental and the pre-test-post-test design of one group was used. Palestine 2 and will eventually be replaced by the experimental and control groups. The data collection tool in this study was a questionnaire. Torrance creativity and Critical thinking of Fashion test was used to measure creativity. The method of teaching applied drama was performed during 10 training sessions. The collected data were analyzed using statistical method of dependent groups. Findings showed that the method of teaching drama has a positive and significant effect on students' creativity. The results showed that the drama teaching method had a positive and significant effect on students' critical thinking. The results showed that the method of teaching applied drama has an effect on the components of creativity and critical thinking among students. As a result, teachers and educators should try to promote students' creativity and critical thinking by using applied drama teaching methods and providing appropriate educational models Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - The Role of Organizational Culture in Organizational Citizenship Behavior Mediated by the Tendency to Critical Thinking of Secondary School Teachers in District 1 of Khorramabad
Moslem Ghobadiyan Asghar Nazarpourian Hafez Padervand Hosien AbbasiObjective: The aim of this study was the role of organizational culture in organizational citizenship behavior mediated by the tendency to critical thinking. The research method is descriptive correlation. The statistical population included all secondary school teacher MoreObjective: The aim of this study was the role of organizational culture in organizational citizenship behavior mediated by the tendency to critical thinking. The research method is descriptive correlation. The statistical population included all secondary school teachers in district one of Khorramabad city in the academic year 1399-400. 265 people (147 females, 118 males) were selected as the research sample by relative stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Denison (2000) Organizational Culture Questionnaire, Farah and Oregon (1997) Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire, and Ricketts (2003). Pearson correlation coefficient, structural equation model and good fit indices were used to analyze the research data and bootstrap method was used to investigate the indirect relationships of the paths. Findings: The findings of this study showed that the hypothetical model of organizational citizenship behavior based on organizational culture mediated by the tendency to critical thinking of secondary school teachers in district one of Khorramabad city is worthy of the data. The results of structural equation model showed that organizational culture has a direct effect on organizational citizenship behavior and tendency to critical thinking (p <0/01); Also, the path coefficient β from the tendency to critical thinking to organizational citizenship behavior is statistically significant (p <0/01).Indirect results of the paths showed that organizational culture does not have an indirect effect on organizational citizenship behavior through the mediation of the tendency to critical thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - The role of creativity in the prediction of critical thinking and happiness
A. Allah Karami Kh. Aliabadi Background: One of the unique features of human is thinking power. Since creativity as the ability of the human mind plays a major role in human problem solving and innovation, examine various aspects of it is research priority in the contemporary world. Objectiv More Background: One of the unique features of human is thinking power. Since creativity as the ability of the human mind plays a major role in human problem solving and innovation, examine various aspects of it is research priority in the contemporary world. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of creativity and its components in predicting students' critical thinking and happiness in the grade three students of Ghods town in the academic year of 1391-92. Method: To select sample, two-stage cluster method was used so that 110 students were selected. The questionnaires to collect data were Abedi Creativity, California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST), and Oxford Happiness. For data analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used. Result(s): The findings Indicated a significant positive correlation between creativity and critical thinking and happiness respectively. Multiple regression showed Fluency, Elaboration, and Originality are significant predictors for critical thinking. But, Flexibility is not a significant prediction for critical thinking and all the components of creativity are significant predictors for happiness. Conclusion: Creativity and its components are predictors of critical thinking and happiness. Due to the nature of creativity that can be taught, special attention should be paid to it in the scientific and educational policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - A Study on the Efficacy of a Combination of Critical Thinking and Critical Thinking on Self-Directed Learning among High-School Students in Qom
Jacethe Salibi Fahimeh Hassani Beheshteh Niusha Background: Meeting the twenty-first century challenges with its environmental, social and economic pressures, has a complex requires creative, innovative, energetic, adaptable, motivated youth with having confidence and skills as to develop purposefully th More Background: Meeting the twenty-first century challenges with its environmental, social and economic pressures, has a complex requires creative, innovative, energetic, adaptable, motivated youth with having confidence and skills as to develop purposefully their critical thinking and creativity. Purpose: This article explains the efficacy of a combination of critical thinking and creative thinking, self-directed learning on high-school girls in Qom. Method: The study was a pilot pretest - posttest control group with a sample group of some 105 people chosen in a cluster random sample group in terms of age, gender, baseline, career score of scholastic aptitude cloning were carried out after conducting the pretest questionnaire with self-directed learning Fischer and colleagues (2001) randomly divided into control and experimental groups of 25 subjects, respectively. Data obtained from scoring the analysis of covariance (Ancova) and multivariate analysis of covariance (Mancova) were analyzed. Results: Data analysis showed that teaching critical thinking and creative combination of self-directed learning and all its components (willingness to learn, self-management and self-control) has a significant impact. Conclusion: With the integration of critical thinking and creative thinking, willingness to learn, self-control and self-management students increased, thus motivating the use of learning strategies, the spirit of self-reliance and achievement of students over a semester. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - The Effects of Bono’s Six Hats Technique on Students’ Critical Thinking and Creativity
Eskandar Fat’hi Azar Rahim Badri Gargari Ghafour Ahrari Background: Critical thinking, critical disposition and creativity skills are regarded to be as important output of any educational system. The rapid changes of todays' world in all aspects of life, information explosion and lack of thinking skills e.g. critical More Background: Critical thinking, critical disposition and creativity skills are regarded to be as important output of any educational system. The rapid changes of todays' world in all aspects of life, information explosion and lack of thinking skills e.g. critical thinking and creativity in students to cope with future problems have emphasized the crucial of these skills. Purpose:This study intended to help students to develop their mental skills by de Bono’s six thinking hats technique. This technique covers every topics and problems from different points and dimensions. Six colorful hats e.g. positive, negative, affection, creative, impartial, and control specifies six points of view. Method:Pre–post, test control group design was applied to gain these aims. California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) - Farsi Version- and Abedi’s Creativity test were used to examine the effects. Since the groups were intact (school classes), Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) for total scores of scales and their subscales were carried out after the intervention. Result(s): The results show significant difference (higher) of disposition in experimental group, but no significant difference in creativity among the groups. Conclusion: The direct instruction of thinking skills by six thinking hats technique can boost student's critical thinking disposition, but not creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - The role of conflict resolution strategies and critical thinking in prediction puberty period mental health of girl students
Morteza Tarkhan Nazanin Fahimi Aim: The purpose of this research was to predict conflict resolution strategies and critical thinking in the puberty period mental health of girl students. Method: The research method in this study was a 'correlation' type. Statistical population of this More Aim: The purpose of this research was to predict conflict resolution strategies and critical thinking in the puberty period mental health of girl students. Method: The research method in this study was a 'correlation' type. Statistical population of this research was all girl high school students of Tonekabon city that as between those 150 people were selected by simple randomization. The research instruments are questionnaires consisting of critical thinking skills test-cutest California & weeks Conflict Resolution strategies questionnaires (CRQ) and Kumar mental health checklist (MHC). The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and analysis of multiple regression analysis with the stepwise method and SPSS software were performed. Findings: The calculated determination coefficient (R2) showed that each of the strategies of conflict resolution explains the part of the puberty period of mental health. So that view conflict as natural and positive 14.36 percent, open up options for Mutual gain 8.68 percent, make mutual-benefit agreements 6.22 percent, note needs not wants 5.07 percent, clarify perception 3.12 percent, Step-by-step targeting up to 2.87%, focus on the future first and then learn from the past 2.45 percent, extra consideration 1.85 percent, Atmosphere 1.62 percent, Open up options for mutual gain 1.50 percent, critical thinking 5.12 percent and totaling 52.86 percent was explained common variance of mental health of Students. Conclusion: The purpose of this research in the encouragement of other investigation findings showed that correct application of conflict resolution strategies and critical thinking have a basic role in providing puberty period mental health of girl students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - A Comparative Study of Experiential Learning Cycle in Human and Nonhuman Environments: Critical Thinking, Reading Comprehension, and Vocabulary Development
Somayeh Sahebalzamani Amin Naeimi Mehry Haddad NarafshanEducational experts posit that technology-based experiences can augment students’ academic performance and foster their critical thinking ability. In this study, the efficacy of human-mediated and non-human-mediated environments was compared in terms of Kolb’s experient MoreEducational experts posit that technology-based experiences can augment students’ academic performance and foster their critical thinking ability. In this study, the efficacy of human-mediated and non-human-mediated environments was compared in terms of Kolb’s experiential learning cycle, concerning the critical thinking, reading comprehension, and vocabulary development of young English language learners. Over a period of four months, two groups of 60 learners (30 in each group) were exposed to mediation via two modalities: teacher-made and computer-made mediators. Pre-tests and post-tests were deployed to gauge learners’ progress in critical thinking, reading comprehension, and vocabulary development. The findings evinced those learners who received technology-mediated instruction outperformed the teacher-mediated group in terms of critical thinking, vocabulary development, and reading comprehension. It is evident that learners who interacted with a computer mediator trumped those who interacted with a human-made mediator, i.e., the teacher. This could be attributed to the alluring features of non-human mediators (technology), which are evidently more compelling than their human Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Comparative Analysis Hmsanyhay novel "The Blind Owl" and the novel "Zorba has Greek»
Asieh Zabihnia Emran Literary fictions of different nations can be very similar to each other in terms of both subject matter and themes, and structure and narrative style. No doubt, those works which have successfully gained the attention of their audience and have been fundamental More Literary fictions of different nations can be very similar to each other in terms of both subject matter and themes, and structure and narrative style. No doubt, those works which have successfully gained the attention of their audience and have been fundamental in creating literary movements, in line with the intellectual and social changes of their societies, can play a significant role in establishing dialogical interaction among literary works of various nations. Zorba the Greek (1946), the famous novel by Nikos Kazantzakis (1883-1957) and the Blind Owl by Sadegh Hedayat are in fact among these literary works. Given the significance of these two novels in the Greek and Persian Literature, the distinctive structural and thematic similarities between the two works and also the considerable acclamation earned by the writers and their academic and scholarly readers in the two countries, attempts have been made in this paper to examine these two works through a comparative analytical approach. Results of the analysis suggest that the two novels are substantially similar in terms of their Khayyami narrative style, critical and pessimistic view toward life, strong tendency to solitude and death and narrative and structural aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Critical Discourse Analysis in Ain al-Qudat Tamhidat Based on Norman Clough Theory
Mehdi Nosrati Habibullah J adid al-Islam Ahmad Reza Kikhai Farzaneh Ain al-Qudat Hamedani with the full name of Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Ali Mianji Hamedani (525-492 AH) is one of the most famous mystics who has left various works in the fields of mysticism, philosophy and religion in Persian and Arabic. Preparations is one of hi More Ain al-Qudat Hamedani with the full name of Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Ali Mianji Hamedani (525-492 AH) is one of the most famous mystics who has left various works in the fields of mysticism, philosophy and religion in Persian and Arabic. Preparations is one of his most important Persian works, which, in addition to its importance in mysticism, is noteworthy in terms of poetic prose. Hamedani has written this work with the aim of preventing the followers and seekers from going astray from the right path of mysticism and Sufism. Disciples and seekers are not written, but are a continuation of a discourse that was formed a century ago with the initiative of mystics such as Bayazid Bastami and Hossein Mansour Hallaj in opposition to the ruling discourse; A point that seems to have not been viewed from this perspective so far. Therefore, in this research, the author has tried to reveal the intellectual system of the same Ain al-Qudat in opposition to the prevailing politics in a descriptive-analytical manner, relying on the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis and Norman Colafe's theory, and with library tools. The result of the research indicates that the preparations are a purely religious and ideological work to legitimize mystical ideas, which seeks to strengthen the counter-discourse of militant mysticism against the ideas of the ruling power with quasi-ideological and ideological centrality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Critical Study and Analysis of the principles of Surrealism in Comparison With Anecdotes Junaid Baghdadi withEmphasis on the Memoirs of Attar's Tazkereh al-Awliya
Nasser Amir Mohammadi Nemat Esfahani Omran Hamid Tabasi Surrealism is a school founded by Andre Burton and his associates in the early twentieth century after World War I, causing murder, chaos, destruction and absurdism. Looking at the school of Surrealism and Islamic-Iranian mysticism, we find that the surrealist asp More Surrealism is a school founded by Andre Burton and his associates in the early twentieth century after World War I, causing murder, chaos, destruction and absurdism. Looking at the school of Surrealism and Islamic-Iranian mysticism, we find that the surrealist aspects and aspects did not appear after the founding of this school, but had a history in the oldest religious and mythological texts and in Iranian mysticism, especially Sufi and especially mystical literature. , But with fundamental differences, has existed. In mystical texts, especially memoirs, anecdotes have a narrative, imaginative and mental format; In such a way that they present surprising and astonishing events in a realistic context. For this reason, these anecdotes, due to their subconscious and dreamy form, correspond to the principles and foundations of surrealism, and also the surrealists emphasize the liberation from reason to reach the highest point of existence with the aim of the mystical path of mystics in which all multiplicities are united. Become, mistakenly considered one; Therefore, in the present descriptive-analytical method, an attempt is made to briefly apply the various surrealist elements and components in Junaid Baghdadi's anecdotes with emphasis on Attar's memoirs, and at the end, a brief critique and analysis of surreal metamaterial thinking And Farangar's thinking in Iranian mysticism should be presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Effect of Advertising Literacy Education on Children's Critical Thinking in Facing Commercial Messages
Somayeh Kiarrsi Seyed Foad Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
204 - An investigation into three different techniques to raise critical cultural awareness
Leila Amiri Kordestani Massood Yazdanimoghaddam Parviz MaftoonThis study attempted to explore to what extent each of the three techniques of culture narratives, culture capsules and culture training activities significantly affect the critical cultural awareness of Iranian EFL learners by comparing their means from pretest to post MoreThis study attempted to explore to what extent each of the three techniques of culture narratives, culture capsules and culture training activities significantly affect the critical cultural awareness of Iranian EFL learners by comparing their means from pretest to post-test questionnaire after ten-session treatment. Furthermore, it investigated whether there are any differences in the effectiveness of these techniques. Regarding the participants, the testing group was 154 undergraduate English language translation students, including both male and female students, forming three experimental groups. This investigation used the quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design. The sampling method was convenience sampling. The homogeneity test and a pre-post critical cultural awareness questionnaire were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed through Repeated Measures ANOVA and Simple Effect Analysis. Based on the obtained results, there were significant differences between the pretest and the post-test, which means that by applying the techniques mentioned above, the critical cultural awareness of learners increased. Also, there were significant differences between the three groups’ overall means on pre-post critical cultural awareness questionnaires. Considering the three groups, culture narratives, culture capsule and culture training activities, the former outperforms the others. Furthermore, between culture training activities and culture capsule groups, the culture training activities group performed better than the culture capsule group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Critical velocity analysis of Fluid-containing Pipe with Non-Classical Boundary Conditions
shahrokh shams Sajad Jangravicalculating the critical velocity of fluid-containing pipes is an important issue in engineering. For this purpose, the critical velocity of fluid-containing pipes with Non-classical boundary conditions is investigated. The equation of motion is based on the Euler-Berno Morecalculating the critical velocity of fluid-containing pipes is an important issue in engineering. For this purpose, the critical velocity of fluid-containing pipes with Non-classical boundary conditions is investigated. The equation of motion is based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam model. Non-classical boundary conditions include conditions such as Translational springs, torsional springs, concentrated mass and dampers. In order to calculate the critical velocity the frequency equation is solved numerically. when real part of frequency equation reaches zero, the critical velocity in the pipe appears and the system becomes unstable.influence of various parameters including spring hardness and concentrated mass on critical velocity is investigated and comparative diagrams of different spring hardnesses and concentrated mass are drawn. The results show that the critical velocity in the Translational double-ended state is higher than the torsional spring-concentrated mass and torsional springconcentrated mass boundary condition . The results also indicate a significant decrease in the frequency in the non-classical boundary condition compare to classical boundary condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Numerical study of the critical heat flux in the nucleate boiling of hybrid nanofluids
Alireza Khalili Mohammad Hassan Nobakhti morteza khayatDue to the growing need of industries to improve heat transfer methods, the nucleate boiling region is of special interest to researchers because fluid boiling makes it possible to achieve higher heat fluxes than processes that are based only on non-boiling convection h MoreDue to the growing need of industries to improve heat transfer methods, the nucleate boiling region is of special interest to researchers because fluid boiling makes it possible to achieve higher heat fluxes than processes that are based only on non-boiling convection heat transfer. In addition, the change of working fluid in boiling heat transfer systems from pure fluid to nanofluid improves the heat transfer characteristics and thus allows the transfer of higher heat flux at lower temperatures. At the critical heat flux point, where the heat flux is maximum, it is important to secure the boiling surface and protect it from overheating. The purpose of this study is to numerically simulate the pool boiling of a water-based hybrid nanofluid containing 30% multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 70% titanium oxide with a volumetric concentration of 0.5% on a polished copper circular surface and to investigate the heat transfer characteristics, especially the critical heat flux point. For this purpose, the boiling process of pure deionized water was first simulated by ANSYS-Fluent software and the results were compared with experimental data. According to the observed acceptable agreement, the mentioned water-based hybrid nanofluid, as boiling working fluid is numerically simulated by changing the density of nucleation sites and its heat transfer and heat flux characteristics are obtained. The results show that the critical heat flux for pure deionized water was occurred at 24.4 °C and is about 1.1 MW per square meter, while the critical heat flux for the hybrid nanofluid was occurred at 13 °C and is about 1 MW per square meter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Methodology of theme analysis in determining metrics and indicators of criticality of urban infrastructures based on intrinsic value
Gholam reza hossein ali beyki abbas akbarpour nik ghalb rashti seyed azim hosseini hamid Reza abasian jahromiIntroduction of the research: The countries of the world that are on the path of progress pay special attention to infrastructures in national dimensions in order to maintain their performance and capabilities. Maintaining the performance and effective management of inf MoreIntroduction of the research: The countries of the world that are on the path of progress pay special attention to infrastructures in national dimensions in order to maintain their performance and capabilities. Maintaining the performance and effective management of infrastructures with regard to limited resources requires a comprehensive model for prioritizing critical infrastructures.The purpose of the research: to determine indicators and measures of criticality based on the intrinsic value of infrastructuresResearch method: Thematic analysis method was used to answer the research question. In this method, by reviewing documents and scientific articles, prominent themes were extracted. The validation method of this research is interpretive validity. Final approval was done by presenting the results to five experts.Findings: Based on the research findings, 61 initial codes were created. Due to the large number of codes, similar items were reduced to 11 themes based on conceptual affinity. Based on these themes, vital indicators were presented in the form of 9 main relationships.Conclusion: The research results showed that the most important indicators include; The amount of investment, non-dependence on other countries in providing essential goods, gross domestic product, fair access to life facilities, sufficient access to clean water, access to health services, preservation and sustainability of resources (water, soil and air), usefulness of infrastructure in support and the production of military equipment that can be used to assess infrastructure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Analysis of indicators of evaluation of importance and life of infrastructure: grounded theory approach
Gholam reza hossein ali beykiAbstractInfrastructure is defined as one of the basic foundations in today's societies, so that the life of human societies and environmental satisfaction depends to some extent on the safe and reliable operation of infrastructure. At the same time, securing and protect MoreAbstractInfrastructure is defined as one of the basic foundations in today's societies, so that the life of human societies and environmental satisfaction depends to some extent on the safe and reliable operation of infrastructure. At the same time, securing and protecting all assets and infrastructure in the right conditions and the subject of influential factors for governments or sector employers in terms of resources and facilities, is challenging. . Therefore, important infrastructures and assets should be identified, classified and classified based on indicators and functions. The main purpose of this research is to identify and enumerate the indicators of the vitality of infrastructure and assets. This research has done a content analysis in order to determine the criticality of infrastructure by a comprehensive study and qualitative research method of foundation data derived from Strauss and Corbin (1998) theory. Data were collected through interviews, library studies and documentation by surveying existing texts and sources. The sample size for interviews with experts in the use of theoretical saturation was finalized and the strategic theory of the foundation including open, personality and selective coding and the model for determining this theory for model development are presented. The findings turned into the identification of causal, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences, and the paradigm model of index coding as indicators of the criticality of infrastructure. The results of studies and studies have led to the identification of 26 indicators in the form of 5 main groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Evaluation of the Humanity Research Paradigms based on Analysis of Human – Environment Interaction
Reza Sameh -
Open Access Article
210 - The Relationship between basic psychological needs and self-Knowledge with preferred teaching style by mediation role of critical thinking skills of primary school teachers
samira pasbar maryam sameriTarget of research was to Study Relationship between basic psychological needs and self-Knowledge with preferred teaching style by mediation role of critical thinking skills in primary school teachers in Urmia. The research was correlational. The population was primary MoreTarget of research was to Study Relationship between basic psychological needs and self-Knowledge with preferred teaching style by mediation role of critical thinking skills in primary school teachers in Urmia. The research was correlational. The population was primary school teachers In area 1 of Urmia education in the academic year of 2016-2017 (1570 persons). A sample of randomly stratified by gender, with 310 Morgan table was set. Data were collected using questionnaires, Basic psychological needs (Guardia, Deci and Ryan, 2000), Self-consistency (Ghorbani, Watson and Hargys, 2008), Preferred teaching style (Mousapour, 1998) and Short form of critical thinking skills (Watson and Glaser, 1980) obtained and with software SPSS, and with Pearson correlation test and Sobel test were analyzed. Results showed Basic psychological needs with preferred teaching style negative relationship; Self-Knowledge with preferred teaching style positive relationship have but Basic psychological needs, Self-Knowledge and the preferred teaching style with Critical thinking skills, there was no relationship. Among Basic psychological needs and Self-Knowledge with preferred teaching style by mediation Critical thinking skills there was no relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Develop of Critical Thinking based on the Content Analysis of Attar's Mantegh-Altir
Faramarz Muhammadipouya Sina Torkashvand sohrab mohammadipouyaPresent study was aimed at identifying critical thinking evidences in Attar,s Mantegh-Altir by making use of qualitative and conceptual analysis. Critical thinking was analyzed and its elements were identified through theoretical study and then critical thinking evidenc MorePresent study was aimed at identifying critical thinking evidences in Attar,s Mantegh-Altir by making use of qualitative and conceptual analysis. Critical thinking was analyzed and its elements were identified through theoretical study and then critical thinking evidences of Attar's Mantegh-Altir were analyzed by content analysis. To do so, all poem of Attar's Mantegh-Altir were studied and those with meanings related to critical thinking elements were identified and analyzed regarding two positions of each sentence, namely the address of each poem, and its related background. Findings of the study led to identifying nine elements for critical thinking (inquiring spirit, judgment with criteria, reasoning, analysis, impartiality, Methodism, objectivism, truth seeking, and flexibility), then for each element some evidences were extracted from Attar's Mantegh-Altir. Results indicate that Attar's Mantegh-Altir firmly emphasizes on all aspects of critical thinking, especially on inquiring spirit, truth seeking and judgment with criteria. So mystical texts could be useful in the development of critical thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Evaluating and Analizing the content of hadiyehay Aseman in Elementary period, on The basis of critical Thinking skils.
حسین کریمیان FAEZEH NATEGY MOHAMMAD SAIFIAbstract : The goal is to evaluate and analize the content of hadiyehay Aseman on The basis of lipmen critical thinking in (analizing , compounding , evaluating and explaining ) level. The method is descriptive – Analgtic from The kind of content analgsis. The st MoreAbstract : The goal is to evaluate and analize the content of hadiyehay Aseman on The basis of lipmen critical thinking in (analizing , compounding , evaluating and explaining ) level. The method is descriptive – Analgtic from The kind of content analgsis. The statistical society is The hole content of hadiyehay Asemani,s book that contains all of The books in second and sixth educational period which all of the books are chosen as a sample . The tool of data collecting is The researcher – made checklist on The basis of lipmen yualification with special apparent admissibility . The data collected of mentioned books shown : 1- There is a difference between attendant rate of books in educational ranks to critical thinking on different levels. 2- The level of analizing in critical skils between all books is lesser than desirable extent . 3- The combined skill in hadiyehay Aseman,s critical thinking skils is lesser ihan expectation . 4- The level of evaluating related to critical thinking skils in all of the books of elementary period,s hadigehay aseman is lesser than desirable extent . 5- The explaining,s skil of critical thinking skils in hadiyehay aseman elementary period (unless) is further than skils but it is letter than expectation . 6- Totallg, The attendance scale of hadigehag Aseman books with critical thinking is in low level . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - The study effectiveness of media literacy education on the critical thinking skills of students
فاطمه کرمانشاهی فریبا عزالدین mehdi badaliBecause in today's world the media are a key element in human societies, media literacy education is considered one of the basic requirements for the citizens. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of media literacy education on the critical thinki MoreBecause in today's world the media are a key element in human societies, media literacy education is considered one of the basic requirements for the citizens. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of media literacy education on the critical thinking skills of students. In this study, quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest design with control group was used. The study population in all the First base high school students of Tehran city. Use random sampling of the population, was a school, secondary school, two classes in first grade that one of these classes were randomly assigned as the experimental group and the control group formed another class. Methods This was a first for both groups (experimental and control) pretest California Critical Thinking was done, then the lesson plan 8 meeting teaching media literacy for the experimental group was the control group, no training could not be applied immediately after the training media literacy for testing, test critical thinking skills for both groups and eventually using covariance and semi-structured interviews was conducted to analyze the data. The results showed that the use of teaching media literacy on the critical thinking skills and 4 after it (analysis, evaluation, inference and inductive reasoning) than the deductive reasoning has a significant positive impact and can develop essential skills in students be. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - The role of creative thinking, analytical thinking and critical thinking in predicting the academic achievement of secondary school students
Amir Vashani Faranak Mosavi Yahya SalariThe main objective of this study was to determine the contribution of creative thinking, analytical thinking and critical thinking to predict the academic achievement changes of secondary school students. This study is a descriptive-correlational research. The populatio MoreThe main objective of this study was to determine the contribution of creative thinking, analytical thinking and critical thinking to predict the academic achievement changes of secondary school students. This study is a descriptive-correlational research. The population used for this study consist of 1681 secondary school students in theoretical branch in the sity of Sonqor in the year 2016. The sample consisted of 530 students selected through stratified random sampling and Krejcy and Morgan tables (1970) was used to estimate sample size. The instruments used in this study were: Rickets's critical thinking scale (2003) and Peter Honey's Creative Thinking and analytical thinking translated by Yousefi and et al (1384). The instruments were validated by experts and the reliability of the instruments was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient, the comparisons of independent sample t-test and multiple regression analysis.Findings revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between the critical thinking and creative thinking with academic achievement, and there is a significant negative relationship between the analytic thinking and academic achievement. Critical thinking and creative thinking with = 0.531 and = 0.272, respectively, were the positive and signficant predictors of academic achievement. There was a statistically significant difference between critical thinking, creative thinking and analytical thinking of male and female students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Teachers' Professional Qualifications from a Critical Approach with Emphasis on Paulo Freire's Views
ebrahem ebrahem mohammad Hossein Hedari seyed Hashem GolestaniThis article aims to analyze teachers' professional qualifications from a critical approach with emphasis on Paulo Freire's views. This study was conducted using the qualitative approach and the transcendental analysis method. Its sample consists of documents, texts and MoreThis article aims to analyze teachers' professional qualifications from a critical approach with emphasis on Paulo Freire's views. This study was conducted using the qualitative approach and the transcendental analysis method. Its sample consists of documents, texts and related resources collected through theoretical sampling of all available texts as full census. Findings show that Freire considers different roles for liberatory teachers, such as "questioning", "raising awareness", "liberation" and "transformation". Moreover, teachers' professional qualifications, based on Freire's views can be divided into three domains, including the cognitive domain (historical knowledge, knowledge of the teaching/learning process, ability to design a native curriculum, understanding of the political identity of knowledge, and ability to create consciousness); the psychomotor domain (ability to use teaching methods, creating the critical ability in learners, interacting with learners; and the affective attitude (lifelong teaching, having humility, restoring human dignity, enhancing learners' hope for liberation, and respect for ethnic, cultural, and religious differences). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - The effectiveness of aesthetic education on critical thinking and creative teaching of Farhangian University of student teachers
ali ebrahiminia Firoozeh zangene motlagh hamid Jafarian yasar Mozhgan Mohammadi Naeen Mohammadi NaeenIThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of aesthetic-cognitive training on critical thinking and creative teaching of Farhangian University students and teachers in the academic year 2020-2021. The research method was quasi-experimental in a pre-test and post- MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of aesthetic-cognitive training on critical thinking and creative teaching of Farhangian University students and teachers in the academic year 2020-2021. The research method was quasi-experimental in a pre-test and post-test design and was performed as a case study on 60 students of educational sciences of Qom Farhangian University who were randomly selected in clusters. A 90-minute session was taught based on the constructivist approach (E5). Measurement tools included two standard questionnaires, California Critical Thinking (1994) and Chaoyang Creative Teaching (2005). The reliability of the California Critical Thinking Questionnaire in this study was 0.91 and the reliability of the Chaoyang Creative Teaching Questionnaire was 0.89. Multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 25 was used for data analysis. The results showed that the educational package of aesthetic education has been significantly (with 99% confidence) effective in improving the critical thinking and creative teaching of students and teachers. Therefore, based on the results of the present study, aesthetic education can be considered as an appropriate and effective strategy to improve critical thinking and creative teaching of students and teachers of Farhangian University. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - curriculum model peresnt of intellectual Skills(critical thinking and crative thinking ) for undergraduate curriculum palnning specialise view
masoud ysefzadeh the aim of in this study, curriculum model peresnt of intellectual Skills for undergraduate research has been done. in this is research from type of field researchs statistical community of curriculum palnning specialise (54) , the number o More the aim of in this study, curriculum model peresnt of intellectual Skills for undergraduate research has been done. in this is research from type of field researchs statistical community of curriculum palnning specialise (54) , the number of samples based on Morgan Table (48) ,method of simple random sampling and data collection tool by from the made researcher.This research including is the following six questions: 1- in intellectual skills curriculum to which one of aims of the cognitive domain should be attention? 2 - in intellectual skills curriculum objectives to which one of aims of the emotional domain should be considered ? 3 –in intellectualskills curriculum to which content organizing in Vertical should be considered ? 4 - in intellectual skills curriculum to which content organizing in horizontal should be considered? 5 - in intellectual skills curriculum to which methods of teaching should be considered? 6 -in intellectual skills curriculum which evaluation practices should be considered? The results show that from the viewpoint of curriculum planning experts the cognitive area should be considered on the purposes(knowledge ,conception, application, analysis, compound and evaluation),the emotional area purposes( attention,answer,evaluation ,values organization and value crystallization on personality),the content organization on horizontal dimension (making parallel of fields, interfiled, extrafield),the content organization on vertical dimension (making parallel of fields,interfiled,extrafield),the teaching method(problem solving method, group lecture, questioning and answering, exploratory and performing) and the evaluation instruments (written and oral examinations, the reports related to the projects, the observation of behavior in class, group-evaluation and self- evaluation)for the design of intellectual skills curriculum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Evaluating and Analizing the content of hadiyehay Aseman in Elementary period, on The basis of critical Thinking skils.
hossin karimian faeze nadeghi mohamad seyfiThe goal is to evaluate and analize the content of hadiyehay Aseman on The basis of lipmen critical thinking in (analizing , compounding , evaluating and explaining ) level. The method is descriptive – Analgtic from The kind of content analgsis. The statisti MoreThe goal is to evaluate and analize the content of hadiyehay Aseman on The basis of lipmen critical thinking in (analizing , compounding , evaluating and explaining ) level. The method is descriptive – Analgtic from The kind of content analgsis. The statistical society is The hole content of hadiyehay Asemani,s book that contains all of The books in second and sixth educational period which all of the books are chosen as a sample . The tool of data collecting is The researcher – made checklist on The basis of lipmen yualification with special apparent admissibility . The data collected of mentioned books shown : 1- There is a difference between attendant rate of books in educational ranks to critical thinking on different levels. 2- The level of analizing in critical skils between all books is lesser than desirable extent . 3- The combined skill in hadiyehay Aseman,s critical thinking skils is lesser ihan expectation . 4- The level of evaluating related to critical thinking skils in all of the books of elementary period,s hadigehay aseman is lesser than desirable extent . 5- The explaining,s skil of critical thinking skils in hadiyehay aseman elementary period (unless) is further than skils but it is letter than expectation . 6- Totallg, The attendance scale of hadigehag Aseman books with critical thinking is in low level . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Develop of Critical Thinking based on the Content Analysis of Attar's Mantegh-Altir
faramarz mohamadi poya sina torkashvand sohrab mohamadi poyaPresent study was aimed at identifying critical thinking evidences in Attar'sMantegh-Altirby making use of qualitative and conceptual analysis. Critical thinking was analyzed and its elements were identified through theoretical study and then critical thinking evidences MorePresent study was aimed at identifying critical thinking evidences in Attar'sMantegh-Altirby making use of qualitative and conceptual analysis. Critical thinking was analyzed and its elements were identified through theoretical study and then critical thinking evidences of Attar's Mantegh-Altirwere analyzed by content analysis. To do so, all poem of Attar's Mantegh-Altirwere studied and those with meanings related to critical thinking elements were identified and analyzed regarding two positions of each sentence, namely the address of each poem, and its related background. Findings of the study led to identifying nine elements for critical thinking (inquiring spirit, judgment with criteria, reasoning, analysis, impartiality, Methodism, objectivism, truth seeking, and flexibility), then for each element some evidences were extracted from Attar's Mantegh-Altir. Results indicate that Attar's Mantegh-Altirfirmly emphasizes on all aspects of critical thinking, especially on inquiring spirit, truth seeking and judgment with criteria. So mystical texts could be useful in the development of critical thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - An investigation of the relationship between critical thinking and self-esteem in students of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch
فریده HashemiannejhadResearch shows that critical thinking skills account for a significanpart of variance in mental hygiene. This fact has been given dueattention by international organizations such UNESCO and UNICEFIn response to the demands of modern life and labor market, this studyaims MoreResearch shows that critical thinking skills account for a significanpart of variance in mental hygiene. This fact has been given dueattention by international organizations such UNESCO and UNICEFIn response to the demands of modern life and labor market, this studyaims at investigating the relationship between critical thinking andself-esteem in university students. It is a descriptive correlationaresearch. The research population includes 300 students of IslamicAzad University, Mashhad Branch, studying in four departments. Theresearch instruments are Watson Glazer’s critical thinkingquestionnaire and Copper Smith’s measure of self-esteem. One-wayregression, multiple-variable regression, coefficient of determinationand Mann-Whitney U-test were applied to analyze the data. Theresults show that there is a positive and significant relationshipbetween critical thinking and self-esteem(0.160). Coefficient odetermination in multiple-variable regression is 0.047. Self-esteemaccount for 4.7 percent of critical thinking. Academic self-esteem playa more significant role in the variance of critical thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - The influence of Land ownership system on Scientific and Cultural Developments in Timurid Period
fatemeh alsadat firoozi abdolrasool emadi alireza mansouriThe influence of Land ownership system on Scientific and Cultural Developments in Timurid Period Scientific and cultural developments in Timurid period cannot be merely explained by some Timurid rulers' ambitiousof science. Our claim in this paper is that the land owner MoreThe influence of Land ownership system on Scientific and Cultural Developments in Timurid Period Scientific and cultural developments in Timurid period cannot be merely explained by some Timurid rulers' ambitiousof science. Our claim in this paper is that the land ownership and tax system in this period, known as soyurghal, though invented and used for the political and economic purpose, had some unpredictable consequences, one of which was to provide a supportive ground for cultural and scientific institutions. Scientific and cultural developments in Timurid period cannot be merely explained by some Timurid rulers' ambitiousof science. Our claim in this paper is that the land ownership and tax system in this period, known as soyurghal, though invented and used for the political and economic purpose, had some unpredictable consequences, one of which was to provide a supportive ground for cultural and scientific institutions. Keywords: Science of Timurid period, Soyurghal, Economy of Timurid period, Critical Rationalism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Genealogy and historiographic explanation of the fall of Baghdad in Persian historiographical works up to the 10th century
Maryam Nazaralhooey Mahboubeh SharafiThe fall of the Abbasid caliphate is one of the important events of the 7th century AD, which had various reflections in written historical sources. Each of the historians have narrated the event based on their perspective on history. In order to understand the historia MoreThe fall of the Abbasid caliphate is one of the important events of the 7th century AD, which had various reflections in written historical sources. Each of the historians have narrated the event based on their perspective on history. In order to understand the historians' approach to the fall of Baghdad, this research tries to analyze the historians' perspective by using the historical method, based on the comparative approach, in three indicators of social, causal, critical and providential approaches. For this purpose, by identifying the most important works of Persian historiography in the period from 656 to 907 AD, we will study and compare the narratives and approaches of historians regarding the fall of Baghdad. The findings show that some narrators have a political and providential approach to the event, and their historiography is a continuation of traditional Iranian Islamic historiography. Some others, with a causal approach to history, with a social and causal, critical approach, criticized the political and social performance of the Caliph and those around him, and held them responsible for the incident. Their historiography method seems to be a step towards analytical historiography. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - The Historian’s Activism in the Narration of Historical EventsThe Critical Insight of Nazim Al-Islam Kermani and Mehdi Malekzadeh in the Historiography of the Constitutional Event
golamreza vafaee mehr محبوبه sh aliakbar khedrizadehThe dated critical insight is one of the main elements of historiography and historian which is very clear in modern Iranian historiographyAlthough there has been more or less in the historiography of ancient historians, but. The present article seeks to assess the his MoreThe dated critical insight is one of the main elements of historiography and historian which is very clear in modern Iranian historiographyAlthough there has been more or less in the historiography of ancient historians, but. The present article seeks to assess the historiography of Nazem-Al-Islam Kermani and Mehdi Malekzadeh in the constitutional event with the aforementioned insight that is using the historical method. to understand the aim of study, we should answer the following question : What effect did the critical insight of the aforementioned historians have on their historical method in reflecting the constitutional event and the later developments ? The results of this research show that the above-mentioned historians are trying to move themselves far from one-sided historiography in two extends, first: criticism of the Qajar governors and rulers due to their inefficiency in the administration of the country and second: the mass of the people as the driving engine of the changes in the society. Analyze and explain the factors of the emergence of the constitution and the developments after it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - The Role of Chabahar Port in the Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
ghasem arbabi Rahmat Hajimineh Yaser KahrazehToday, the role of ports as the most pervasive route of trade transit is of great importance in the foreign policy relations of countries in the world of politics, and Iran is no exception. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and analyzing t MoreToday, the role of ports as the most pervasive route of trade transit is of great importance in the foreign policy relations of countries in the world of politics, and Iran is no exception. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and analyzing the capacities and impact of Chabahar port in adopting Iran's political approaches in the region and the international system It also explains the opportunities and challenges ahead from a critical geopolitical perspective. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting library information is by emphasizing and citing political and commercial reports and documents. The findings of this study indicate that one of the most basic criteria of regional and international political relations of Iran regarding countries such as Pakistan, India, China and Afghanistan is explained based on the development policies of Chabahar port. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Investigating the Effect of Critical Thinking with the Approach of Political Behavior and Public Policies of the Government on the Promotion of Organizational Health in State-Owned Banks
avazallah sarfaraz Caramallah Danshfard abdolkhalegh gholamiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of critical thinking on promoting office health. In the qualitative part, the Delphi method was used and in the quantitative part, structural equation modeling was used. In the Delphi approach, the opinions of 12 he MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of critical thinking on promoting office health. In the qualitative part, the Delphi method was used and in the quantitative part, structural equation modeling was used. In the Delphi approach, the opinions of 12 heads of different branches of Melli Bank and Sepah Shahr in Isfahan were collected through interviews and after analysis, 33 variables in the form of 6 main categories of search and facts, free-thinking, analysis, systematization, trust in His ability and curiosity to improve the administrative health system were determined. All structures have the necessary validity and reliability as well as all 6 main variables are effective in promoting the health of the administrative system. Finally, it can be said that organizational managers should consider the six variables obtained in this study as variables that can improve administrative health in state-owned banks in Isfahan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - The Effects of Concept Mapping and Critical Thinking Test Strategies on EFL Iranian Learners' Reading Comprehension
Ata Maleki Zeynab Chegini -
Open Access Article
227 - The Relationship Between Vocabulary Recall and Critical Thinking
Reihaneh Sheikhy Behdani Mojgan Rashtchi -
Open Access Article
228 - Investigating Hortatory Force in The EFL Reading Passages
Bardia Fallah -
Open Access Article
229 - Impact of Neuro-linguistic Programming (NLP) on EFL Learners' Writing Achievement and Critical Thinking
Hadi Salehi Sara Karimi -
Open Access Article
230 - An Improved Token-Based and Starvation Free Distributed Mutual Exclusion Algorithm
Om-Kolsoom Shahryari Ali Broumandnia -
Open Access Article
231 - Exploring the Traits and Behaviors of Spiritual Followers Using Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference Systems
Syyad Mehdi Alvani Golamreza Memarzadeh Tehran Mahmood Alborzi Hosein KazemiWith the entry of spirituality in the research of organizations and management, a considerable improvement has occurred. For a long time, spirituality excluded from surveying, but increasing research showed that it related to and integrated a lot of results in individua MoreWith the entry of spirituality in the research of organizations and management, a considerable improvement has occurred. For a long time, spirituality excluded from surveying, but increasing research showed that it related to and integrated a lot of results in individual, organizational and society levels. Recent studies in the realm of spirituality and spiritual leadership, only paid attention to spiritual leader and spiritual workplace, and ignored the roles of followers in leadership equation. This paper, with a developmental approach, and after using experts' opinions, aims to identify the traits and behaviors of spiritual followers and explore the roles of them in the leadership effectiveness. After analyzing data, using adaptive neural fuzzy inference systems, the results show that followers' virtue, critical thinking, active engagement, self-awareness and altruism have a significance role in exploring leadership effectiveness and the roles of followers' maturity and self-esteem, in leadership effectiveness, are not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Determination of Criticality Indexes in the Remanufacturing Process: A GERT-based Simulation Approach
Elham Babaei Abdollah Aghaie Mojtaba Hajian heidary -
Open Access Article
233 - A New Analysis of Critical Paths in Mega Projects with Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Activities by Considering Time, Cost, Risk, Quality, and Safety Factors
Yahya Dorfeshan Seyed Meysam Mousavi Behnam Vahdani -
Open Access Article
234 - Critical success factors for implementation of quality improvement initiative
Mohamad Ikbar Abdul Wahab Faris Hakim Mazlan Mohd Amran Mohd Daril Khairanum Subari Mazlan Awang Khairul Anuar Mohd Ali Nohman Khan -
Open Access Article
235 - Numerical Investigation of the Limit Equilibrium Method in Tunnel Stability Using Finite Element (FEM)
Semko Arefpanah Alireza Sharafi -
Open Access Article
236 - Structural Drift Corresponding to the Critical Excitations
Mohammad Hosein Soltani Seyed Hooman Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
237 - Evaluate the critical thinking skills of faculty members of Islamic Azad Universities in the province
mohammad salehi Mohammad HajizadThe purpose of this study was to investigate critical thinking skills of faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran province. Methods This study is a description of the type of survey, population research faculty members of Islamic Azad Universities in the p MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate critical thinking skills of faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran province. Methods This study is a description of the type of survey, population research faculty members of Islamic Azad Universities in the province is Number 1750 people.A sample table of Morgan 320 farmers were selected randomly. Demographic questionnaire, 34 questions about the reliability of critical thinking Kaliforniya in stages by Islami (0/77) Bigdeli (0/73) Asgari (0/68) and in this study, Cronbach's alpha (0/79) were obtained.Descriptive and inferential statistical methods in two parts (T Analysis of Variance) was conducted.The result showed that the critical faculty is the acceptable level of critical thinking skills among different educational groups and no significant differences between male and female faculty members there. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Evaluate the critical thinking skills of faculty members of Islamic Azad Universities in the province
Mohammad Salehi Mohammad SalehiThe purpose of this study was to investigate critical thinking skills of faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran province. Methods This study is a description of the type of survey, population research faculty members of Islamic Azad Universities in the p MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate critical thinking skills of faculty members of Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran province. Methods This study is a description of the type of survey, population research faculty members of Islamic Azad Universities in the province is Number 1750 people.A sample table of Morgan 320 farmers were selected randomly. Demographic questionnaire, 34 questions about the reliability of critical thinking Kaliforniya in stages by Islami (0/77) Bigdeli (0/73) Asgari (0/68) and in this study, Cronbach's alpha (0/79) were obtained.Descriptive and inferential statistical methods in two parts (T Analysis of Variance) was conducted.The result showed that the critical faculty is the acceptable level of critical thinking skills among different educational groups and no significant differences between male and female faculty members there. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Critical Period of Weed Control of Corn (Zea mays L.) Second Cropping at Moghan Region
Saber Aley Ghorban Didehbaz Moghanlo Farid GolzardiMoghan region, North West of Iran, is one of the important producers of the corn in the country. To determine the critical period of weed control in corn as second crop in this region, an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with four replic MoreMoghan region, North West of Iran, is one of the important producers of the corn in the country. To determine the critical period of weed control in corn as second crop in this region, an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with four replications during 2010 in the Parsabad Moghan climatic conditions. Two methods of weed control treatments were used. In the first method, weeds controlled at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after corn emergence. (DAE), and then weeds were allowed to grow until harvest and in the second method of weed control, weeds were allowed to grow during 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 DAE, and then the plots were kept free of weeds until harvest. The regression was used to determine the relationship between yield and different control periods and weed interference. The results showed that periods of weed- free and weed- infested plot affected differently the dry weight and number of weeds in all treatments. Generally the results showed that critical period of weeds control in corn (AYL) based on growing degree days (GDD) after sowing considering 5% acceptable yield loss, it is necessary to control weeds in a period between 1-67 days after planting or 90-1051 growing degree days and period of weeds control in corn (AYL) based on growing degree days (GDD) after sowing by considering 10% acceptable yield loss, weed control is necessary between 3-52 days after planting or 132- 844 growing degree day. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Political and economic institutions and their impact on economic development with emphasizing on historical institutionalims
Farhad Azizi Mohammad bagher Beheshti Mohammad SalmadizadehCountries face with different historical critical junctures through their historical countries.. One of the most important critical junctures in the contemporary history of Iran is the removal of Reza Shah from power and substituting of Mohammad Reza Shah.by foreign for MoreCountries face with different historical critical junctures through their historical countries.. One of the most important critical junctures in the contemporary history of Iran is the removal of Reza Shah from power and substituting of Mohammad Reza Shah.by foreign forces. After the overthrowing of Reza Shah, however, power was distributed among various factors, the interventions of foreign forces and political chaos marginalized the path of economic development. The main objective of this historical-economic research, refers to the role of governments and superiors as well as the underdeveloped of Iran. The result shows while the existence of a powerful parliament eventually led to the nationalization of the oil industry, due to political and social chaos, economic development did not occur. In addition, during 1940s by the decrease of the power of the parliament against the prime minister’s authority, an exclusive institutional change took place and took into account as a legacy for the shah rule. Through this institutional change, the shah was able to protect the prime minister’s legacy well and by increasing monopolized economic resources kept the power for himself and his relatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Discourse analysis: with the emphasis on critical discourse as a method of qualitative research.
Samad Kalantari Mohammad Abaszade Mosa Sadati Rana Pour Mohammad Nayer MohammadpourDiscourse analysis, is an interdisciplinary approach that has its roots in linguistics. The term is used by “Zlykhrys" for the first time. The main goal of discourse analysis is to find the new technique in the study of texts, media, culture, science, politics, an MoreDiscourse analysis, is an interdisciplinary approach that has its roots in linguistics. The term is used by “Zlykhrys" for the first time. The main goal of discourse analysis is to find the new technique in the study of texts, media, culture, science, politics, and society. The approach of critical discourse analysis is developmental of discourse analysis in linguistic studies which from individual and methodological points of view has upgraded the discourse analysis from description of texts to explanation level. In critical discourse analysis, the critique of ideology and power is considered more than the other types of discourse analysis. This article has sought the introduction of critical discourse analysis and the well-known theorists in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Study of Critical thinking skill of Students of Rehabilitation in the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (2012-13)
Hamid Sabzi Khoshnami Zeynab Abazari Golamreza Ghaed Amini Davood GhasemzadehToday, most experts believe that critical thinking provides understanding and knowledge assessment for learners, and it is vital for working decision makings, clinical judgment, professional success and effective participation in community activities. Regarding the prac MoreToday, most experts believe that critical thinking provides understanding and knowledge assessment for learners, and it is vital for working decision makings, clinical judgment, professional success and effective participation in community activities. Regarding the practicality of the rehabilitation graduates functions; this study was conducted to study critical thinking skills in students of University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. The research method is correlation, and 221 students were selected by using multi-stage random sampling and critical thinking test was given. For data analysis of the descriptive tests, the Independent T-test, r Pearson Reliability and One-way ANOVA were used. The results of ANOVA showed that there is no significant difference between the mean score of students ' critical thinking skills in terms of the total score and each of the subscales, (F=.698; p=0.594). There is a significant difference in the total score of critical thinking among students of different academic levels, (F=4.87; p=0.009). Also, there is no significant difference between mean of critical thinking (and its subscales) of the students and each of the variables of age, sex and location. The relationship between educational level and marital status and critical thinking skills is significant (p=0.01). The students' total score of critical thinking is in moderate to good, and in terms of their subscales is in lower moderate. In other words, students' critical thinking is not in good condition so appropriate revision of curricula and teaching critical thinking workshops can be effective for students in solving this challenge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Critical hermeneutics; A framework for analyzing detente in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
ALI KAVEH Alireza RezaeiOne of the methods of foreign policy analysis of the Islamic Republic of Iran is to explain the central strategies on the basis of which many actions and reactions of foreign policy can be understood and examined. The strategy of detente in the foreign policy of the Isl MoreOne of the methods of foreign policy analysis of the Islamic Republic of Iran is to explain the central strategies on the basis of which many actions and reactions of foreign policy can be understood and examined. The strategy of detente in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1989 to 2005 and also from 2013 until now, is one of these strategies with different titles such as "interactive developmentalist" policy and "interaction-oriented moderation" as important. The most foreign policy strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in those periods is considered. Therefore, the way of recognizing and theoretically explaining this strategy can help us to understand Iran's foreign policy more than before. In this article, we seek to explain the concern that de-escalation in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran can be analyzed on the basis of what theoretical approach? Our findings suggest that the critical hermeneutic approach based on communicative action can be used as a useful theoretical framework for the study of detente in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this article, with descriptive-analytical method, de-tensioning in Iranian foreign policy based on critical hermeneutics focusing on topics such as communicative rationality and Habermas theory of communicative action, Hashemi Rafsanjani pragmatic discourse, Khatami discourse based on communicative rationality and ethics, discourse diplomacy , And the spiritual discourse of moderation and constructive interaction with the world, etc. are discussed in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - The Ratio of Alienation and Utopia in the Frankfurt Critical School
Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Hamed MehraliThe Frankfurt School, by observing the human condition in the twentieth century, considers the existing society as completely devoid of rationality and its components as an obstacle to human liberation, thus making it clear that this truth-free construction has created MoreThe Frankfurt School, by observing the human condition in the twentieth century, considers the existing society as completely devoid of rationality and its components as an obstacle to human liberation, thus making it clear that this truth-free construction has created a crisis rooted in the foundations of the modern West. The fundamental question of the research is what crisis does the Frankfurt School identify in modern society and what solution does it offer to get out of it? The research hypothesis explains that the Frankfurters studied the crisis of "alienation" by studying modernity, and made statements such as mechanism, technology, instrumental reason, the culture industry, impossible art, media, capitalism, scientism, positivism, bureaucracy, and various ideologies. No exclusion-they knew the causes of the crisis. Cases that can be considered in two categories of higher causes and causal causes (causes that are both born and the cause of alienation). Their opinion leads minus the characteristics of the existing society and is worthy of dialectical cognition, that is, rational and extremely free societies. Technology is placed in its main dignity, that is, instrumentality, so that through this, man can get out of the state of objectification and become one with his original nature. Also, in the forthcoming research, Thomas Spragen’s Crisis Theory, the theoretical framework and the basis of discussion have been established. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Woman and Culture Industry in Iran; Empowerment or Submissiveness?
ShakibaSadat Hashemian ُSaeed Gazerani AliAsghar DavoudiGender discrimination and inequality caused by domination over women is a prevalent global phenomenon, and has made them face the limitation of equal access to opportunities, facilities, sources of power and influence in different societies. One of the main solutions of MoreGender discrimination and inequality caused by domination over women is a prevalent global phenomenon, and has made them face the limitation of equal access to opportunities, facilities, sources of power and influence in different societies. One of the main solutions of international institutions for this problem is the women's empowerment policy. This policy has also been taken into consideration in Iran and policies and plans have been made by the relevant authorities. However, objective evidence shows that the situation of women is not much favorable. According to the World Economic Forum, in 2019, Iran was ranked 148 among 153 countries in terms of gender discrimination. The aim of this research is to identify the reasons for acceptance of male domination, by women in Iran. To conduct the research, the available quantitative and qualitative data were collected, and to test the hypothesis, the "critical analysis" method was used. The theoretical approach of the article is also based on the principles and concepts of critical theory. The findings of the research show that women's submissiveness is in part formed as a result of the influence of cultural-educational elements. Therefore, as long as the educational system, the media and scientific, cultural and religious platforms that have a general audience, reproduce, justify and promote attitudes, beliefs, and relations based on legitimizing inequality and discrimination, we will see no meaningful change in the status of women in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - کلاس زبان مفید: مطالعه کیفی با استفاده از تکنیک حادثه بحرانی
پویا درود مسعود ذوقی هانیه دواتگری اصلیک کلاس درس زبان موثر یک محیط چند وجهی و پیچیده است که ابعاد مختلفی را در بر می گیرد و درتحقیق دانشگاهی باهمیت به سزایی دارد. اطلاعات کافی در مورد تجارب و تصورات زبان آموزان در مورد کلاس های آموزشی سازنده زبان انگلیسی در دسترس نیست. این تحقیق بر درک چگونگی احساس و تجربه Moreیک کلاس درس زبان موثر یک محیط چند وجهی و پیچیده است که ابعاد مختلفی را در بر می گیرد و درتحقیق دانشگاهی باهمیت به سزایی دارد. اطلاعات کافی در مورد تجارب و تصورات زبان آموزان در مورد کلاس های آموزشی سازنده زبان انگلیسی در دسترس نیست. این تحقیق بر درک چگونگی احساس و تجربه یادگیری موثر در کلاس درس دانش جویان ایرانی که در حال یادگیری زبان انگلیسی به عنوان یک زبان خارجی هستند، متمرکز شده است. مطالعه حاضر بر اساس یک مطالعه پدیدارشناختی است که در آن ادراک شرکت کنندگان در مورد یادگیری موثر در کلاس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این تحقیق از روش مصاحبه حادثه بحرانی برای جمعآوری اطلاعات از 30 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد با تجربه گستردگی یادگیری انگلیسی استفاده کرد که به نظر میرسید قادر به ارائه بینشهای ارزشمند در مورد موضوع بودند. لذا شرکت کنندگان به روش نمونه گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. فرآیند تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها به شناسایی موضوعات مهم 1) توجه به نظرات فراگیران 2) انتقال مطالب 3) اشتیاق به تدریس 4) شایستگی مربیان 5) محیط یادگیری و 6) فرآیند یادگیری منجر شده است. یافته های مطالعه حاضر منجر به ارائه توصیه هایی برای محققان در حوزه یادگیری زبان شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - توانایی تفکر انتقادی و عملکرد درک مطلب دانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی زبان انگلیسی
رضا واثقی راضیه صدوقی وصال آیات -
Open Access Article
248 - تاثیر آموزش تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی بر خواندن و درک مطلب زبان آموزان ایرانی
غلامرضا عباسیان نرجس ملائیتحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر آموزش مستقیم بعضی از تکنیک های تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی بر خواندن و درک مطلب زبان آموزان ایرانی صورت گرفته است. در این راستا تلاش شده است تا هر گونه تغییر مثبت در توانایی زبان آموزان در درک معنای ضمنی متن خوانشی سنجیده شود. ضمنا، هرگونه Moreتحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر آموزش مستقیم بعضی از تکنیک های تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی بر خواندن و درک مطلب زبان آموزان ایرانی صورت گرفته است. در این راستا تلاش شده است تا هر گونه تغییر مثبت در توانایی زبان آموزان در درک معنای ضمنی متن خوانشی سنجیده شود. ضمنا، هرگونه تغییردرنقطه نظرات زبان آموزان در خصوص شیوه یادگیری زبان انگلیسی پس از آموزش مهارت خوانش انتقادی از طریق تکنیک های تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور دو مقاله خبری از منابع آنلاین در نظر گرفته شد. جامعه آماری شامل 60 دانشجوی دوره کارشناسی رشته حقوق بودند که بطور تصادفی به دو گروه 30 نفره تقسیم شدند. از گروه آزمایشی خواسته شده بود درک خود را از هر متن در قالب یک مقاله بنویسند. آنها همچنین باید به پرسشنامه ای معطوف به بررسی تغییر نگرش یا انگیزه آنها نسبت به یادگیری زبان انگلیسی پاسخ می دادند. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که گروه آزمایشی پس از آموزش خواندن از طریق تکنیک های تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی بهتر از گروه کنترل شده عمل کردند. انگیزه آنها نیز نسبت به یادگیری زبان انگلیسی پس از آشنایی با حوزه تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی افزایش یافت. Manuscript profile -
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249 - تحلیل نقادانه گفتمان سیاسی : بررسی چند نمونه ازسخنرانی های نخبگان سیاسی در زبان انگلیسی
بیوک بهنام لاله مقتدیمطالعه حاضرسعی دارد چگونگی کاربرد زبان توسط نخبگان سیاسی در تکوین قدرت را بررسی کند. مقاله با مرور اجمالی بر تحلیل نقادانه گفتمان آغاز می شود و سپس با معرفی مجموعه ای شامل هشت نخبه سیاسی بنام های: مالکوم ایکس - جوزف استالین - نوام چامسکی - ولادیمر لنین - مارتین لوتر کین Moreمطالعه حاضرسعی دارد چگونگی کاربرد زبان توسط نخبگان سیاسی در تکوین قدرت را بررسی کند. مقاله با مرور اجمالی بر تحلیل نقادانه گفتمان آغاز می شود و سپس با معرفی مجموعه ای شامل هشت نخبه سیاسی بنام های: مالکوم ایکس - جوزف استالین - نوام چامسکی - ولادیمر لنین - مارتین لوتر کینگ - وینستون چرچیل - ج. اف. کندی و آدولف هیتلرادامه یافته و سپس سخنرانیها ی نخبگان سیاسی یاد شده با در نظر گرفتن صنایع بدیعی به کار گرفته شده مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار می گیرند. سپس داده ها از دیدگاه تحلیل نقادانه گفتمان با استفاده از تئوری سه بعدی مطالعه گفتمان (توصیف - توضیح - تفسیر)- تئوری پیشنهادی نورمن فرکلاف ( 1989)- و تئوری تحلیل نقادانه بافت - پیشنهادی ون دایک( 2004)- مورد کاوش قرار می گیرند. در این تحقیق صتایع بدیعی به شش دسته مهم: قیاس ، گرامر، معنا ، تکرار ، جمله/عبارت معترضه و (فن) بلاغت تقسیم شده اند. نتایج تحلیل آشکار کرد که علیرغم تفاوتها در نوع صنایع بدیعی استفاده شده توسط نخبگان سیاسی انتخاب شده ، الگوی جالب و چشمگیری در گفتمان تمامی افراد انتخاب شده مشترک است و آن عبارت است از استفاده از صنایع گرامر - تکرار و (فن) بلاغت. امید است که این تحقیق دستاوردهای آموزشی ارزشمندی را برای آموزش زبان خارجی در کشور عزیزمان به ارمغان آورد. Manuscript profile -
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250 - آیا مهارت های تفکر انتقادی موجب موفقیت در تدریس زبان می شود؟ مطالعه موردی معلمان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی بر اساس جنسیت و مقطع تحصیلی آنها
حمید اشرف هانیه گرمابی مهری بختیاری فیندریاین تحقیق برای بررسی اینکه آیا بین تفکر انتقادی معلمان زبان انگلیسی و موفقیت در تدریس رابطه معناداری وجوددارد یا خیر انجام شده است. برای این منظور، از 113 معلم زن و مرد زبان انگلیسی در ایران خواسته شد پرسشنامهواتسون گلاسر را تکمیل کنند. علاوه بر این، از دانش آموزان این Moreاین تحقیق برای بررسی اینکه آیا بین تفکر انتقادی معلمان زبان انگلیسی و موفقیت در تدریس رابطه معناداری وجوددارد یا خیر انجام شده است. برای این منظور، از 113 معلم زن و مرد زبان انگلیسی در ایران خواسته شد پرسشنامهواتسون گلاسر را تکمیل کنند. علاوه بر این، از دانش آموزان این معلمان خواسته شد تا به سوالات پرسشنامهویژگی های مدرسان موفق در تدریس زبان خارجی پاسخ دهند. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده ها نشان داد که بینتفکر انتقادی معلمان زبان انگلیسی و موفقیتشان در تدریس رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. علاوه بر این، یافته ها نشانداد که تفاوت معناداری بین معلمان زن و مرد در ارتباط با تفکر انتقادی آنها وجود دارد، و اینکه معلمان دارای مدرکلیسانس با معلمان دارای مدرک فوق دیپلم از لحاظ تفکر انتقادی متفاوت هستند. به طور خاص، معلمان مرد دارایمدرک لیسانس بیشترین بهره از تفکر انتقادی را دارا بودند. Manuscript profile -
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251 - بسوی ارائه تعریف عملیاتی از تفکر نقادانه
پرویز بیرجندی محمدباقر باقری پرویز مفتونین مقاله با پیشنهاد تعریفی عملی و بروز از تفکر نقادانه زمینه لازم برای ارائه تعریفی عملیاتی از این انگاره پیچیده را فراهم می آورد. پس از بررسی دقیق تعریفها والگوهای پیشنهاد شده توسط صاحب نظران این رشته، مشخصه های اصلی این مفهوم گسترده شناسایی و دسته بندی گردید وتعریفی ع Moreین مقاله با پیشنهاد تعریفی عملی و بروز از تفکر نقادانه زمینه لازم برای ارائه تعریفی عملیاتی از این انگاره پیچیده را فراهم می آورد. پس از بررسی دقیق تعریفها والگوهای پیشنهاد شده توسط صاحب نظران این رشته، مشخصه های اصلی این مفهوم گسترده شناسایی و دسته بندی گردید وتعریفی عملی مطابق با توصیفگرهای اصلی بدست آمده پیشنهاد شد.این تعریف دارای سه مولفه اصلی است که عبارتند از: تجزیه و تحلیل ذهن، ارزیابی داده ها و تفکردرآموزش. سپس عناصرتشکیل دهنده هر یک ازاین سه مولفه شناسایی و دسته بندی شد به گونه ای که پیچیدگی موجود دراین انگاره را بتوان درقالب یک الگو به تصویر کشید. دراین مقاله عناصر سازنده تفکر نقادانه به گونه ای صورت بندی شده است که بتوان تعریفی عملیاتی از آن ارائه کرد. دو دلیل اصلی برای انجام این پژوهش وجود داشت. نخست اینکه انگاره تفکر نقادانه درطول زمان رشد کرده وبه صورت مفهومی چند لایه درآمده که مجموعه ای از توانایی های ذهنی و خصلت های فکری را در بر می گیرد. دوم اینکه علیرغم به رسمیت شناخته شدن نقش بی بدیل تفکر نقادانه در آموزش، از قابلیت های آن برای رسیدن به اهداف آموزشی بهره لازم برده نمی شود. Manuscript profile -
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252 - بکارگیری آموزش مبتنی بر سخن کاوی نقادانه بر پیچیدگی ساختاری، صحت و روانی نگارش زبان آموزان
حمید مرعشی اعظم چیذریهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر آموزش مبتنی بر سخن کاوی نقادانه بر پیچیدگی ساختاری، صحت و روانی نگارش زبان آموزان انگلیسی بود. بدین منظور، 60 زبان آموز سطح متوسط از میان 100 زبان آموز بر اساس نحوه پاسخگویی خود به یک آزمون نمونه پایلوت شده PET انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی Moreهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر آموزش مبتنی بر سخن کاوی نقادانه بر پیچیدگی ساختاری، صحت و روانی نگارش زبان آموزان انگلیسی بود. بدین منظور، 60 زبان آموز سطح متوسط از میان 100 زبان آموز بر اساس نحوه پاسخگویی خود به یک آزمون نمونه پایلوت شده PET انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی به 2 گروه آزمایشی و کنترل متشکل از 30 زبان آموز در هر گروه تقسیم شدند. هر 2 گروه تحت یک میزان آموزش در طی 17 جلسه قرار گرفنتد و گروه آزمایشی آموزش مبتنی بر سخن کاوی نقادانه را تجربه کردند. در پایان، هر 2 گروه در پس آزمون یکسان شرکت کردند و میانگینهای آنان از طریق آنالیز چندمتغیره واریانس مقایسه گردید و نتیجه آن که هر 3 فرضیه رد شدند و ثابت شد که پیچیدگی ساختاری، صحت و روانی نگارش زبان آموزان گروه آزمایشی به میزان معناداری بهتر از گروه کنترل بود. Manuscript profile -
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253 - بررسی ادراک معلم زبان انگلیسی زبان ایرانی از آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی
مصطفی غفّاری داوود کوهی مرتضی اصل رسولیاین پژوهش تلاشی برای بررسی ادراک معلمان ایرانی دوره متوسطه از آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی بود (CCA). شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش 307 نفر از معلمان دبیرستان های مختلف شهر قزوین بودند. تمامی شرکت کنندگان پرسشنامه آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی را تکمیل کردند. سپس دادهها وارد نرمافزار SPSS Moreاین پژوهش تلاشی برای بررسی ادراک معلمان ایرانی دوره متوسطه از آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی بود (CCA). شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش 307 نفر از معلمان دبیرستان های مختلف شهر قزوین بودند. تمامی شرکت کنندگان پرسشنامه آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی را تکمیل کردند. سپس دادهها وارد نرمافزار SPSS شده و تحت آنالیز مؤلفههای اصلی قرار گرفتند. سه عامل استخراج و به عنوان آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی در برنامههای آموزش زبان انگلیسی ، آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی در مواد و کتابهای درسی آموزش زبان انگلیسی و آگاهی فرهنگی انتقادی در اصطلاح عمومی نامگذاری شدند که پاسخ های شرکت کنندگان بر اساس عوامل مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که ادراک آگاهی انتقادی معلمان نسبت به کتب درسی و مواد آموزشی زبان انگلیسی بالاترین عامل است. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل گویهها نشان داد که معلمان نشان میدهند که همه فرهنگها باید در کتابها و مواد آموزشی زبان انگلیسی از وضعیت یکسانی برخوردار باشند. نتیجه گیری شد که آگاهی فرهنگی معلمان در خصوص ادغام فرهنگ با جریان اصلی تدریس باید افزایش یابد و در کلاس های خود به فرهنگ توجه بیشتری داشته باشند. یکی از کاربردهای مهم برای زبان انگلیسی به عنوان معلمان یادگیری زبان خارجی و همچنین طراحان برنامه درسی این است که یک برنامه درسی بین فرهنگی می تواند زبان آموزان را قادر سازد تا درک بهتری از مطالب مورد نظر داشته باشند. Manuscript profile -
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254 - ارزیابی سطح تفسیری فرکلاف از طریق معیار نیکی: یک نمونه ایرانی
علی منصوری نژادمطالعه حاضر تلاشی ارزیابی برای بررسی کاربرد روشهای تفسیر ارائه شده توسط فرکلاف (1989) در تحلیل انتقادی متون فارسی بود. ارزیابی بر اساس معیار نیکی ، چارچوب القا تحلیلی (AI) ایجاد شده توسط سیلورمن (1993) انجام شد. با این کار ، ما به تفسیر سخنرانی افتتاحیه رئیس جمهور ایران Moreمطالعه حاضر تلاشی ارزیابی برای بررسی کاربرد روشهای تفسیر ارائه شده توسط فرکلاف (1989) در تحلیل انتقادی متون فارسی بود. ارزیابی بر اساس معیار نیکی ، چارچوب القا تحلیلی (AI) ایجاد شده توسط سیلورمن (1993) انجام شد. با این کار ، ما به تفسیر سخنرانی افتتاحیه رئیس جمهور ایران ، دکتر روحانی در مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد در نیویورک در سال 2013 پرداختیم. تفسیر مطابق با مدل تفسیر فرکلاف با توجه به نظریه القا تحلیلی انجام شد چارچوب نتیجه مطالعه از عملی بودن مدل کلی تفسیر در زمینه ایرانی حمایت کرد. با این حال ، با توجه به زمینه خاص جامعه شناختی ایرانی ، در این تحقیق همچنین پیشنهادهایی با توجه به تفسیر انسجام محلی و ساختار متن در بخش پایین مدل و همچنین شرایط موقعیتی و زمینه بینا متنی در بخش بالا ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
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255 - بررسی تاثیر به کاربردن آنالیز نقادانه نیازهای زبان آموزان ایرانی سطح متوسط بر ارتقای سطح مهارت گفتاری آنها
سارا ظفری حسین حیدری تبریزی عزیزه چالاکدر سراسر جهان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی و یا زبان دوم تدریس میشود. در سیستم اموزشی ایران نیز به عنوان زبان خارجی تدریس میشود. با این وجود، همیشه این موضوع مطرح بوده است که برنامه های زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی بدون انجام یک تجزیه و تحلیل نقادانه از نقطه نظر دانش Moreدر سراسر جهان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی و یا زبان دوم تدریس میشود. در سیستم اموزشی ایران نیز به عنوان زبان خارجی تدریس میشود. با این وجود، همیشه این موضوع مطرح بوده است که برنامه های زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی بدون انجام یک تجزیه و تحلیل نقادانه از نقطه نظر دانش اموزان برنامه ریزی شده است.تحقیق پیش رو به تاثیربررسی انجام آنالیز نقادانه نیازهای دانش آموزان در پیشرفت مهارت گفتاری آنها پرداخت. بدین منظور 128 زبان آموز سطح متوسط ایرانی از سه آموزشگاه خصوصی زبان انتخاب شده و به دو گروه ازمایشی و گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند. ضروریات، نیازها و فقدان های دانش اموزان از طریق یک پرسشنامه و مصاحبه نیمه ساختاری مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. بر طبق نتایج امار استنباطی بیشترین میانگین متعلق به ضروریات پس از ان به فقدان ها و سپس نیازهای دانش اموزان بود. برخلاف گروه آزمایش، گروه کنترل به صورت برنامه درسی از پیش تعیین شده ی تحت آموزش قرار گرفته اند. نتایج آزمون تی نمونه های مستقل حاکی از آن بود که در پس آزمون مهارت های گفتاری شرکت کنندگان در گروه آزمایش تفاوت عمده ای با گروه کنترل داشت. Manuscript profile -
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256 - ملاقات مجدد با راهبردهای ارتباطی: نگاهی فراتر از رویکردهای تعاملی و روانشناختی
Vahid Rahmani Doqaruni حسین نجاریراهبردهای ارتباطی در زبان دوم به صورت سنتی از دو منظر تعاملی و روانشناختی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته­اند. با این وجود، این مقاله بر آن است تا رویکردی انتقادی به جایگاه این دو دیدگاه رایج در رشته یادگیری زبان دوم داشته باشد. به همین جهت، گستره اهمیت راهبردهای ارتباطی از ط Moreراهبردهای ارتباطی در زبان دوم به صورت سنتی از دو منظر تعاملی و روانشناختی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته­اند. با این وجود، این مقاله بر آن است تا رویکردی انتقادی به جایگاه این دو دیدگاه رایج در رشته یادگیری زبان دوم داشته باشد. به همین جهت، گستره اهمیت راهبردهای ارتباطی از طریق بررسی دیگر جنبه­های مهم زبان در محیط زبان دوم که یا بر راهبردهای ارتباطی تاثیر می­گذارند و یا مورد تاثیر قرار می­گیرند بسط و توسعه می­یابد. این بسط و گسترش بر سه موضوع استوار است: اول، استفاده فراوان از راهبردهای ارتباطی در گفتار معلمان غیر بومی زبان انگلیسی در محیط کلاسی مورد توجه قرار می­گیرد. دوم، نقش نادیده گرفته شده راهبردهای ارتباطی گفتمان محور در مطالعات گذشته برجسته می­شود. سوم، رابطه خاص راهبردهای ارتباطی با کارکرد توجه کردن فرضیه برون­داد مورد بررسی قرار می­گیرد. هدف نهایی از به چالش کشیدن نظرات و مفاهیم موجود و همچنین بررسی انتقادی فرضیات نظری، بازسازی مفهوم راهبردهای ارتباطی در مطالعات یادگیری زبان دوم است Manuscript profile -
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257 - تحلیل انتقادی بصری نمادهای جنسیت در مواد درسی آموزش زبان انگلیسی از دیدگاه چند بعدی
توران آهور پردیس زعفرانیدراین تحقیق محتوایی با بکارگیری دیدگاه چند بعدی و تحلیل انتقادی بصری نماد های جنسیتی در سری کتابهای تاپ ناچ که از پرکاربردترین کتابهای آموزش زبان انگلیسی در ایران میباشند، مورد بررسی قرارگرفته است. برای این منظورشش تصویر از این کتاب ها انتخاب شده و از لحاظ ح Moreدراین تحقیق محتوایی با بکارگیری دیدگاه چند بعدی و تحلیل انتقادی بصری نماد های جنسیتی در سری کتابهای تاپ ناچ که از پرکاربردترین کتابهای آموزش زبان انگلیسی در ایران میباشند، مورد بررسی قرارگرفته است. برای این منظورشش تصویر از این کتاب ها انتخاب شده و از لحاظ حالت های معنایی "بازنمادی"، "تعاملی" و "ترکیب بندی" مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته اند. نتایج حاصله نشان داد که هیچ گونه پیش بینی قالبی و کلیشه ای در مورد جنسیت وجود ندارد و هر دو جنس مذکر و مونث عاملان اجتماعی در وضعیت برابری نشان داده شده اند. تحلیل انتقادی تصاویردر این تحقیق می تواند برای برنامه ریزان مواد آموزشی و نیزمسئولین انتخاب کتب آموزشی بطور کلی و کتب آموزش زبان انگلیسی بطور خاص اهمیت داشته باشد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - تدوین و روایی سازی پرسشنامه ارزشیابی بکارگیری سخن کاوی نقادانه میان معلمین زبان
حمید مرعشی ندا احمدیتحقیق حاضر پژوهشی برای بررسی کاربرد سخن کاوی نقادانه توسط معلمین زبان انگلیسی در ایران در حین تدریس زبان است. بدین منظور، بعد از مطالعه منابع موجود در این زمینه پرسشنامه ای متشکل از 27 سوال طراحی شده و بین 120 نفر از معلمین زبان انگلیسی در چند آموزشگاه زبان در تهران پخش Moreتحقیق حاضر پژوهشی برای بررسی کاربرد سخن کاوی نقادانه توسط معلمین زبان انگلیسی در ایران در حین تدریس زبان است. بدین منظور، بعد از مطالعه منابع موجود در این زمینه پرسشنامه ای متشکل از 27 سوال طراحی شده و بین 120 نفر از معلمین زبان انگلیسی در چند آموزشگاه زبان در تهران پخش شد. بدین ترتیب در طی فرایند آماری مشخص، ابتدا پایایی پرسشنامه محاسبه شده و سپس روایی ساختاری آن از طریق تحلیل فاکتور مشخص شد. متعاقب محاسبات روایی، مقایسات درون گروهی (با توجه به عوامل جمعیتی جنسیت، سن و تحصیلات) انجام شد و نحوه پاسخگویی زیرگروههای مختلف نمونه 120 نفری بررسی گشت. پیامدهای کاربرد چنین ابزاری میان معلمین زبان انگلیسی و همچنین پیشنهاداتی برای مطالعات بعدی در مقاله بحث شده اند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - ارتباط بین تفکر نقادانه زبان آموزان زن و مرد ایرانی با ِیادگیری مستقل آنها
Nasser Ghafoori ناصر غفورییکی از اهداف اصلی برنامه آموزشی در قرن اخیر توسعه استدلال منطقی و یادگیری مستقل در کودکان بوده است. این کار به منظور آن انجام می شود که به آنها تعلیم داده شود که چطور در اجتماع یک فرد فعال و پویا باشند. پژوهش حاضر سعی می کند تا ارتباط توانایی استدلال انتقادی و یادگیری م Moreیکی از اهداف اصلی برنامه آموزشی در قرن اخیر توسعه استدلال منطقی و یادگیری مستقل در کودکان بوده است. این کار به منظور آن انجام می شود که به آنها تعلیم داده شود که چطور در اجتماع یک فرد فعال و پویا باشند. پژوهش حاضر سعی می کند تا ارتباط توانایی استدلال انتقادی و یادگیری مستقل زبان آموزان انگلیسی ایرانی مونث و مذکر را بسنجد. جهت نیل به این هدف، محقق از تست های مهارت انگلیسی، پرسشنامه استدلال منطقی و پرسشنامه یادگیری مستقل استفاده کرده است. این مطالعه در دو مرحله انجام گرفته است. در مرحله اول یک تست مهارت انگلیسی از 242 دانش آموز کلاس سوم دبیرستان از شهرستان ارومیه به آمد. از میان این تعداد 162 نفر به عنوان یک گروه با توانایی مهارت انگلیسی مهارت انگلیسی مشابه انتخاب شدند. در مرحله بعدی از آنها یک تست استدلال منطقی و یک تست یادگیری مستقل به عمل آمد. در پایان نتایج 144 نفر( چون عده ای پرسشنامه استدلال منطقی را کامل نکرده بودند) مورد بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد بین توانایی تفکر منتقدانه و یادگیری غیروابسته زبان آموزان انگلیسی ایرانی مونث و مذکر ارتباط معناداری وجود دارد. نتایج بدست آمده از این تحقیق می تواند کاربردهای مهمی در برنامه آموزشی برای معلمان، دانش آموزان و طراحان مواد درسی داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - راهکار خواندن انتقادی تطبیقی و تاٌثیر آن بر مهارت نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی
مژگان رشتچی محمد آقاجان زادههدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی تاٌثیر راهکار خواندن انتقادی تطبیقی بر مهارت نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی است. به همین منظور شصت زبان آموز دختر و پسر بین سنین 19 تا 27 به طور تصادفی به دو گروه شاهد و تجربی تقسیم شدند. اعضای گروه تجربی متن هایی را که از نظر موضوع شبیه ب Moreهدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی تاٌثیر راهکار خواندن انتقادی تطبیقی بر مهارت نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی است. به همین منظور شصت زبان آموز دختر و پسر بین سنین 19 تا 27 به طور تصادفی به دو گروه شاهد و تجربی تقسیم شدند. اعضای گروه تجربی متن هایی را که از نظر موضوع شبیه به هم بودند خواندند و مقایسه کردند، در حالی که گروه شاهد مهارت خواندن را به شیوه متداول تمرین کردند، یعنی متن ها را خواندند و به سوالات درک مطلب پاسخ دادند. نتایج حاصل از بررسی آماری نشان داد خواندن انتقادی تطبیقی بر توانایی نوشتاری زبان آموزان در گروه تجربی تاٌثیر معنادار دارد. مقایسه ی مهارت خواندن دو گروه نشان داد تفاوت معناداری بین توانایی خواندن دو گروه وجود ندارد. به عبارت دیگر خواندن انتقادی تطبیقی روشی موٌثر برای بهبود توانایی نوشتاری است ولی مزیتی بر روش های معمول خواندن ندارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - ارتباط هوش هیجانی و خواندن نقادانه فراگیران زبان خارجی
مهناز سعیدی ماندانا یوسفی در این مقاله توانایی خواندن نقادانه و بهره ی هوش هیجانی فراگیران زبان خارجی (انگلیسی) مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است تا هر گونه رابطه ی احتمالی بین آنها مشخص گردد. نتایج نشان می دهند که رابطه ی معنی داری بین توانایی خواندن نقادانه و بهره هوش هیجانی فراگیران وجود دارد More در این مقاله توانایی خواندن نقادانه و بهره ی هوش هیجانی فراگیران زبان خارجی (انگلیسی) مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است تا هر گونه رابطه ی احتمالی بین آنها مشخص گردد. نتایج نشان می دهند که رابطه ی معنی داری بین توانایی خواندن نقادانه و بهره هوش هیجانی فراگیران وجود دارد ولی هیچ تفاوت معنی داری بین توانایی خواندن نقادانه و بهره هوش هیجانی فراگیران مونث و مذکروجود ندارد. هم چنین نتایج حاکی از آنند که فقط مقیاس های درون فردی و کنترل پریشانی هوش هیجانی می توانند به عنوان عوامل پیش بینی کننده ی نمرات خواندن نقادانه در نظر گرفته شوند. یافته های این تحقیق پیشنهاد می کنند که اگر آموزش در نظر دارد مهارت فراگیران را در تفکر نقادانه و تحلیل مسئله که از جمله مهارت های اساسی در موقعیت های آموزشی و زندگی افراد می باشد ،وسعت بخشد ،ضروری است که در جهت کنترل رفتار و احساسات فراگیران برنامه ریزی و اقدام شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - رابطه تفکر نقادانه , خود کارآمدی و پنداشت مدرسان از تدریس اثر بخش زبان انگلیسی
نسیم شنگر فام ندا رهنما رودپشتیپژوهش حاضر، در وهله اول، تلاشی در جهت بررسی رابطه میان تفکر نقادانه، خودکارآمدی و پنداشت تدریس اثربخش مدرسان زبان انگلیسی است. بعلاوه محققان تلاش نمودند تا بیازمایند که کدامیک از متغییرها (تفکر نقادانه یا خودکارآمدی) پیش بینی کننده بهتری برای تدریس اثربخش هستند. ب Moreپژوهش حاضر، در وهله اول، تلاشی در جهت بررسی رابطه میان تفکر نقادانه، خودکارآمدی و پنداشت تدریس اثربخش مدرسان زبان انگلیسی است. بعلاوه محققان تلاش نمودند تا بیازمایند که کدامیک از متغییرها (تفکر نقادانه یا خودکارآمدی) پیش بینی کننده بهتری برای تدریس اثربخش هستند. به منظور نیل به این هدف، میزان توانایی تفکر نقادانه 143 نفر از مدرسان زبان انگلیسی بوسیله پرسشنامه تفکر نقادانه Honey (2000) بدست آمد. همچنین، احساس خودکارآمدی آنان با استفاده از مقیاس احساس خودکارآمدی مدرس Tschannen-Morgan & Hoy (2001) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. علاوه بر این، پنداشت آنان از تدریس اثربخش توسط پرسشنامه تدریس اثربخش Bell (2005) تعیین گردید. نتایج بدست آمده حاکی از این بود که به لحاظ آماری رابطه معناداری میان تفکر نقادانه و احساس خودکارآمدی مدرسان با پنداشت تدریس اثربخش ایشان وجود دارد. با این وجود، تنها دو مؤلفه تفکر نقادانه با عناوین تحلیل و سنجش، با پنداشت تدریس اثربخش رابطه معنادار داشتند. همچنین، مؤلفه های تفکر نقادانه رابطه معناداری با مؤلفه های پنداشت اثربخش داشتند. افزون بر این، نمایان شد که رابطه معنادار مثبتی میان تمامی مؤلفه های خودکارآمدی و پنداشت تدریس اثربخش به طور کلی و مؤلفه های آن وجود دارد. در پایان تجزیه و تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که احساس خودکارآمدی، پیش بینی کننده بهتری در مقایسه با تفکر نقادانه برای پنداشت تدریس اثربخش مدرسان است، هرچند که تفاوت چندان قابل ملاحظه نبود. این تحقیق، فواید ضمنی ای را برای آماده سازی و آموزش مدرسان زبان انگلیسی دارا می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - تهیه پرسشنامه انتقادی برای ارزیابی کتاب های آموزش زبان
سیاوش زکائی شعبان نجفی کریمی فرزانه نوری حکیم زاده افسانهارزیابی کتاب نقش به سزایی در کلاس های زبان انگلیسی دارد. انتخاب کتاب های مناسب منجر به نگرانی برای برنامه ها و موسسه های آموزشی زبان شده است. بنابراین، تهیه یک پرسش نامه هدفمند برای برسی کتاب های زبان انگلیسی از منظر انتقادی بسیار مهم است. برای این هدف 44 سوال پس Moreارزیابی کتاب نقش به سزایی در کلاس های زبان انگلیسی دارد. انتخاب کتاب های مناسب منجر به نگرانی برای برنامه ها و موسسه های آموزشی زبان شده است. بنابراین، تهیه یک پرسش نامه هدفمند برای برسی کتاب های زبان انگلیسی از منظر انتقادی بسیار مهم است. برای این هدف 44 سوال پس از مطالعات جامع در حوزه انتقادی زبانشناسی کاربردی و نظرهای کارشناسان این حوزه به دست آمد که توسط 326 معلم و محقق در رشته آموزش زبان انگلیسی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سپس فرایند آماری تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی فاکتور 10 جز در راستای سوالات مشخص کرد. همچنین تعداد 6 سوال به دلیل نتیجه کدگذاری هم پایه در تحلیل آماری فاکتور ها از پرسش نامه اصلی خارج شدند. برای بررسی های عمیق تردر زمینه روایی پرسشنامه، تحلیل نسبی اثباتی فاکتور موردآزمایش قرار گرفت که نتیجه های آن از لحاظ آماری معنا دار نبوده اند. نتایج این تحقیق نقش مهمی در ارزیابی ایدئولوژیکی کتاب های آموزش زبان انگلیسی در ایران دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Effect of the solvent types and extraction conditions on the quality and antimicrobial characteristics of Paeonia officinalis L. extract
Zahra Yaghobi koupaei Hajar AbbasiPaeonia officinalis L. is one of the species of the Paeoniaceae family. Its root has different effective compounds e.g., polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, and monoterpenes. It shows biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-oxidative, relaxing and MorePaeonia officinalis L. is one of the species of the Paeoniaceae family. Its root has different effective compounds e.g., polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, and monoterpenes. It shows biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-oxidative, relaxing and anti-pain properties. This study evaluated the effect of three solvents, ethanol/water, water, and water/ethanol/hexane on extracting the active ingredients. These solvents were applied by the methods of immersion, immersion with ultrasonic waves, and the use of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide with auxiliary solvents. The efficiency, qualitative characteristics (pH, polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant properties) and antimicrobial properties of the extracts were evaluated by the well-diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Candida albicans. Also, the MIC and MBC of the extracts on the activity of these organisms were determined. The results showed that the independent variables significantly affect the quantity and quality of the produced extracts (P ≤ 0.05). Using the water/ethanol, and the immersion method in combination with ultrasonic waves, the highest extract efficiency (17.66± 0.34), of the phenolic compounds (33.5±0.65) and antioxidant property (76±1.44) was obtained. The diameter of the inhibition zone for E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans in the vicinity of this sample was more than others. Meanwhile, the inhibition zone of S. Typhimurium was larger in the presence of watery extract using the immersion method. The quantity and quality of the extract using supercritical fluid was lower than others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Comparative Study of Critical Thinking Skills of Ph. D. Students in Different Fields of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch
Kobra Namvaran Germi Sadegh Maleki Avarsin Elmira Khan GaldiCritical thinking, as one of the types of human thinking, is necessary for people at higher education levels. Past studies have reported the extent of critical thinking of students of different university levels low. This research aimed to compare the critical thinking MoreCritical thinking, as one of the types of human thinking, is necessary for people at higher education levels. Past studies have reported the extent of critical thinking of students of different university levels low. This research aimed to compare the critical thinking of Ph.D. students in different fields. The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population was 1210 Ph.D. students in different fields at Tabriz Islamic Azad University. The sample size was estimated 212 people by Cochran's method. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected through form B of the California Critical Thinking Skills Test and were analyzed using t-mean comparison and analysis of variance tests. Based on the findings, the mean score of critical thinking of Ph.D. students in the Tabriz branch is 18.81± 5.36. The critical thinking score was highest in the humanities faculty, 19.81±5.54, and it was lowest in the technical-engineering faculty, 17.04±5.19. The mean score of critical thinking in the Agriculture Faculty was lower than the Humanities faculty and higher than the Technical Faculty, 18.25±5.36. There was no significant difference between students of different fields in critical thinking, inference, and induction. However, there was a significant difference in analysis, evaluation, and induction components. Although younger students had more powerful analyses power and older students had more powerful inference power, there were no significant differences between the age groups of students in critical thinking. There were significant differences between men’s and women’s critical thinking, analysis, evaluation, and deduction skills. Women’s critical thinking, analysis, evaluation, and deduction skills were better than men’s. It is better to organize workshops on critical thinking skills for students (with priority for technical-engineering faculty) and ways to strengthen it for university professors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - The effect of TRIZ instruction on creative thinking, critical thinking, scientific thinking, and self efficacy of students of humanities at the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, under different intellectual biorhythms
Rana Saken Azari Kianoush Hashemian Hassan Pasha SharifiThe study aimed to determine the effect of TRIZ (theory of Inventive problem solving) instruction on the creative thinking, scientific thinking, critical thinking and self-efficacy of students under different biorhythms. For this purpose, a sample of 120 female students MoreThe study aimed to determine the effect of TRIZ (theory of Inventive problem solving) instruction on the creative thinking, scientific thinking, critical thinking and self-efficacy of students under different biorhythms. For this purpose, a sample of 120 female students of Humanities at the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz were randomly selected from among volunteers. Due to decrease in sample size, 116 students participated in the study in six groups including experimental groups 1 and 2, control groups 1 and 2, and placebo groups 1 and 2. The study was a quasi-experimental research with pre-test post-test control group design. The independent variable of the study was TRIZ instruction, the moderate variable was intellectual biorhythm and the dependent variables were creative thinking, critical thinking, scientific thinking, and self-efficacy. The data was gathered through California critical thinking skills questionnaire (1997), Abedi`s (1373) creativity test, Scherer etal.`s (1982) general self-efficacy scale, and Liang etal.`s (2006) scientific thinking questionnaire. The data were analyzed by conducting univariate and multivariate covariance analyses. The results indicated thatteaching TRIZ under high condition of intellectual biorhythm increases creative thinking, critical thinking, scientific thinking and self-efficacy of the students. In other words, while teaching TRIZ leads to an increase in various aspects of thinking and self-efficacy, different Biorhythms (positive or negative) would moderate the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - An investigation of the teachers’ perception from critical thinking
Morteza razavian shad Khalil soltan QoraiThe goal of this research was to investigate the teachers’ perception of critical thinking. The research method was qualitative with interpretative phenomenology approach. To this aim semi-systematical interview was done with 24 teachers from Tehran tenth region. MoreThe goal of this research was to investigate the teachers’ perception of critical thinking. The research method was qualitative with interpretative phenomenology approach. To this aim semi-systematical interview was done with 24 teachers from Tehran tenth region. The teachers presented their views about critical thinking. Gathered data from these interviews were analyzed through Smith phenomenological approach. Four themes were obtained from interviews that can determine teachers’ perception of critical thinking. They included: 1.Critical thinking definition. 2.prerequisites of instruction critical thinking. 3.Critical thinking teaching methods. 4.The outcome of using critical thinking. The findings of the research present a clear picture of teachers’ perception about critical thinking. Since the teachers’ perception about the prerequisites of instruction for critical thinking and critical thinking methods were not appropriate, it seems necessary for teachers to be acquainted with these issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - A study of life skills assessment among first grade high school students
Fariba Karimi Saeideh FekriThe purpose of the study was to determine high-school first grander students' life-skills in Takab Township. The research method was descriptive survey. The statistical included all the first grade students which added up to 1270 people, out of which 100 people was chos MoreThe purpose of the study was to determine high-school first grander students' life-skills in Takab Township. The research method was descriptive survey. The statistical included all the first grade students which added up to 1270 people, out of which 100 people was chosen as the sample size. The sampling method was random stage sampling. To gather the data the life skills standard questionnaire which included problem solving, empathy, creative thinking, decision making, coping with emotions and stress, critical Hinking, effective communication, self-awareness, interpersonal relationship. The face and content validity was confirmed by experts and according to cronbach’s alpha coefficient , the questionnaire’s reliability was 0.85.Data analysis was accomplished in two levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.(T test for a single mean, t test for independent). Findings showed that First-grade students’ enjoyment in decision making skill, problem solving, critical thinking and interpersonal relationship was average and in other skills was less than average. Student’s highest level of enjoyment was in critical thinking skill and their lowest level of enjoyment was in creative thinking skill. There is a significant difference between male and female students in Effective Communication skill and the average scores of girls were more than boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - The Effect of Teaching Critical Thinking Skills on Iranian Advanced EFL Learners' Motivation
Parvaneh Rajati Nasrin Hadidi Tamjid Saeedeh AhangariCritical thinking, being one of the many skills teachers should teach, might be of great advantage to learners in improving their motivation. The present study was an attempt to probe the effect of teaching critical thinking skills on the Iranian advanced EFL learners' MoreCritical thinking, being one of the many skills teachers should teach, might be of great advantage to learners in improving their motivation. The present study was an attempt to probe the effect of teaching critical thinking skills on the Iranian advanced EFL learners' motivation. The study was carried out at Simin language center in Tabriz. From among 60 initial participants, 42 were selected based on the results of TOEFL Proficiency test. Then, the selected participants were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group, each consisting of 21 participants. A motivation questionnaire, adopted from Salimi (2000), including 36 items on a 5- point Likert Scale, was administered at the beginning of the study to the students in both experimental and control groups in order to evaluate their motivation. Subsequently, the Watson and Glaser (1980) critical thinking appraisal, comprising 80 items on five subtests, representing critical thinking sub skills, were instructed to the 21 students in the experimental group.. The sub skills of critical thinking included skills such as inference, recognition of assumptions, deduction, interpretation, and evaluation of arguments. The instructional treatment took 10 sessions twice a week for advanced students. In each session, 20 minutes were devoted to the treatment. The traditional instruction was conducted in the control group. Analyzing the motivation scores, attained through independent samples t-test at the end of the treatment, and showed that teaching critical thinking skills had significant effect on enhancing the participantsʼ motivation. The obtained results have some implications for teachers. Through applying critical thinking skills in their classes, teachers can help their students enhance their motivation, and thus, improve their learning Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Factors hindering critical thinking within the Iranian High Schools’ Curriculum
Vahideh Alipour Maryam Seif Narghi Ezzatollah Naderi Ali ShariatmadariIran The quantitative results indicate that developing critical thinking in high school faces some barriers such as: low attention paid to the skills of analysis, synthesis, ambiguity tolerance, risk taking, and accepting the opponent views and etc.Iran The quantitative results indicate that developing critical thinking in high school faces some barriers such as: low attention paid to the skills of analysis, synthesis, ambiguity tolerance, risk taking, and accepting the opponent views and etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - The Effect of Codification of General Policies for Service-Educational Benefit Organizations
Hamed Jafar Zanjani Hassan AkbariSome of the well-known or developing countries have distinguished status in the field of higher education in international competition. Most of the service-education institutes were pioneers in the past, but they are no longer very famous. Many of the experts in the sci MoreSome of the well-known or developing countries have distinguished status in the field of higher education in international competition. Most of the service-education institutes were pioneers in the past, but they are no longer very famous. Many of the experts in the science of management and planning, such as Fred R. David and Hangar believe that the solution to organizational challenges should be found in concepts such as goals, policy, mission and strategic policies of an institute. Planning is a process that has specified inter-connected stages for producing a coherent output in the format of a system of decisions. According to this definition, temporary and non-continuous decisions and policy-makings to lead the organization through the present and future time are not considered planning. Most plannings, based on the rational approach, have the following format: ideals and goals-projects and procedures-required resources. In models such as Brisson's Model, Hill's, BCG Model, and GE Model…, first of all, the ideals and goals of the organization are explained; then, the necessary projects and procedures are specified; and finally, the required resources are provided. Changes in the environmental conditions, policies, approaches, perspectives, structures, systems, etc. are the factors that can affect the ideals and goals of planning and ultimately changes the program. These conditions led to the thought that in planning, it should be possible to change the course of movement according to the changes, and to adopt a new route of action. With regard to the this approach, it will be possible to make organized decisions in order to attain strategic goals and to perform actions that will shape the nature of the organization, the type of the activities, and the reason for performing those activities by the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - The Role of Critical Sociological Thinking on Young Iranian Advanced EFL Learners' Ingenuity of English Conversation
Maryam Kaviani Sahar Mahdavi -
Open Access Article
273 - The Effect of Critical Thinking on Reading and Writing Skills of Islamic Azad University Students in Third Area
Ali Asghar Razavi Fatemeh Noshinfard Fahimeh BabolHavaeji Sedigheh Mohammad Esmaeil -
Open Access Article
274 - Sociological Influence of Critical and Social Pedagogy on Young Learners' English Education
Maryam Kaviani Mokarameh Hamidi -
Open Access Article
275 - Sociological Explanation of Critical Thinking as an Effective Way of Teaching English Reading Skill among Young Iranian EFL Pre-Intermediate Learners
Maryam Kaviani Davood Mashhadi Heidar -
Open Access Article
276 - Proposing a Conceptual Model of Critical Success Factors in Lean Production Using Interpretive Structural Modeling and Fuzzy MICMAC Analysis
Mazdak Khodadadi Karimvand Hadi Shirouyehzad Farhad Hosseinzadeh LotfiSince companies are inclined to implement lean production, researchers have proposed a number of fundamental success factors to facilitate the implementation of this production approach. This study analyzes the critical success factors (CSFs) in lean production extr MoreSince companies are inclined to implement lean production, researchers have proposed a number of fundamental success factors to facilitate the implementation of this production approach. This study analyzes the critical success factors (CSFs) in lean production extracted from 14 review studies. The interpretive structural modeling approach is utilized to analyze the impact of these critical success factors on one another. The aim is to enhance insights into lean production and facilitate informed decision-making. In this article, a seven-tiered model is presented. According to the conceptual model of success factors in lean production, leadership is positioned at the base of the model and serves as the origin for other factors. It should be regarded as the foremost critical success factor in lean production. When establishing lean production systems, organizations and senior managers should focus on higher levels and critical success factors that underlie the model. Subsequently, nonfuzzy and fuzzy driving and dependence power analyses were conducted that the fuzzy matrix cross-reference multiplication applied to a classification (MICMAC) analysis provides deeper insights into the analysis of driving and dependence power. The fuzzy matrix cross-reference multiplication applied to a classification analysis helped identify some key factors that are highly effective for successfully implementing lean manufacturing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Examination the concept of archetype and its reflection in architecture
Elnaz BehnoudJung's psychoanalytic criticism and archetypal concepts as an interdisciplinary knowledge, with the knowledge that he created in the lower layers of the psyche, has presented new readings and works of art. Currently, archetype criticism is expanding and expanding in res MoreJung's psychoanalytic criticism and archetypal concepts as an interdisciplinary knowledge, with the knowledge that he created in the lower layers of the psyche, has presented new readings and works of art. Currently, archetype criticism is expanding and expanding in researches in the fields of humanities, art and architecture.With the growth and expansion of interdisciplinary activities, many different approaches and types have been proposed. One of these approaches is the archetype criticism approach, which has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of architecture in recent years. Architectural structures, as the first types of art, in addition to cultural features, contain information, knowledge and even memories related to previous generations, and part of their function is to transfer data and accumulate their inner selves to future generations. Therefore, the influence of the mind and psychological processes on the creation of a work of art is undeniable. There are always new things to discover and interpret in architectural works. Therefore, the influence of the mind and psychological processes on the creation of a work of art is undeniable. There are always new things to discover and interpret in architectural works. In the current research, based on interdisciplinary knowledge between architecture and psychology, archetypes are re-read from diverse, deep and internal angles. The purpose of this article is to answer the question of how to understand the reweaving of an accepted value in the subject of psychoanalysis in the architectural structure. Based on the nature of the research, this research has been written in a qualitative method using written sources. This research tries to discover their traces in architecture by studying archetypes and based on this, it identifies and introduces approaches that can be expanded. The research results show that architecture has two thresholds; First, the structural, industrial and material reality, and the second, the abstract, semantic, mental and spiritual dimension, is a suitable field for the symbolic reflection of archetypes. The investigation of Iranian architecture has often included stylistic, technical, historical criticisms or deciphering visual symbols based on the knowledge of symbology and religious culture, which are mostly based on self-centeredness. Therefore, the void of psychoanalytic critiques in architecture is evident. The interdisciplinary approach, with the aim of achieving fundamental concepts in architecture, provides new aspects beyond the general perspective of the researches that have been done so far with a psychoanalytical reading. The investigation of the historical architecture of Iran has often included stylistic, technical, historical criticisms or decoding of visual symbols based on the knowledge of symbology and religious culture, which are mostly based on self-centeredness. Therefore, the void of psychoanalytic criticism in Iranian architecture is evident. It is hoped that this interdisciplinary approach, with the aim of achieving fundamental concepts in Iranian architecture, will provide new aspects beyond the general perspective of the researches that have been done so far with a psychoanalytical reading.It is hoped that this interdisciplinary approach, with the aim of achieving fundamental concepts in Iranian architecture, will provide new aspects beyond the general perspective of the researches that have been done so far with a psychoanalytical reading. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Classification, Prioritization, Intrinsic Value, Critical Infrastructure, Assets, Indices, Best-Worst.
Gholam reza hossein ali beyki Abbas Akbarpoor Nikghalb Rashti Seyed Azim Hosseini Hamidreza Abbasian JahromiToday, the growth and development of societies in economic, social, political, public health and security dimensions depends on the performance of critical infrastructure. Infrastructure management and management is one of the most important concerns in this field to en MoreToday, the growth and development of societies in economic, social, political, public health and security dimensions depends on the performance of critical infrastructure. Infrastructure management and management is one of the most important concerns in this field to ensure their proper performance and sustainability against the risks ahead. Securing and safeguarding critical infrastructure and key assets against all risks, factors and adverse conditions is one of the most challenging issues for governments due to limited financial resources. One way to overcome these limitations is to prioritize and classify infrastructure. Proper determination of priorities, using measurable indicators, in addition to distinguishing critical assets and infrastructure from non-critical ones, leads to optimal resource management and increases the effectiveness of measures to protect critical infrastructure. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate and validate the indicators of the vitality of critical infrastructure and determine the weight of each indicator by the best-worst method. The results of studies performed on 26 initial indicators and the validity and reliability of the indicators led to the final confirmation of 24 indicators. Weighting of indicators was done according to the best-worst method (BWM). Based on calculations based on the opinions of selected experts, the index "Number of population at risk" with a weight of 8.5%, "Independence and territorial integrity" with a weight of 7.8% and "Defense capability" with a weight of 7.8%, respectively, have the highest weight and importance. Are assigned among the indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Explanation of Critical Urban Theories in Analyzing the Effects of Capital Accumulation on the Spatial Structure of Cities (Case Study: Tehran Metropolis)
Pouyan Mozaheb Saeid Piri Hamid Reza Sabaghi Ali reza EstelajiSince the 1970s, with the turn of industrial-production capitalism to financial capitalism under the process of globalization and in sync with neoliberal approaches, global cities have witnessed the influx of capital to accumulate and reproduce it in their spaces.This m MoreSince the 1970s, with the turn of industrial-production capitalism to financial capitalism under the process of globalization and in sync with neoliberal approaches, global cities have witnessed the influx of capital to accumulate and reproduce it in their spaces.This movement of capital from the production sector to space has caused the spatial structure of cities to undergo extensive changes in their spatial, physical, economic, social and environmental dimensions. The consequences of privatization and commercialization of the public spaces of cities in order to reproduce as much capital as possible and space competition and polarization of space can be considered as the result of applying such attitudes. In contrast to this prevailing thinking, urban critical theories have been formed based on the fundamental criticism of these approaches and the explanation of the root causes of problems and the consequences of these approaches on urban spaces. This research, with a fundamental approach and a descriptive, analytical method, and using documentary and library studies through qualitative analysis from the perspective of critical urban theories, explains the spatial structure of Tehran and the effects of capital rule on its spaces. And in the process of spatial data analysis, it uses a spatial model (GIS). The findings of this research show that the metropolis of Tehran, both in terms of urban development plans and urban management policies, has been significantly affected by these capital-oriented approaches. And it has faced challenges such as profit-oriented urban management, polarization of the physical and social structures of the 22 districts of the city, commodification of housing, exchange of land and real estate in the open market, change of use and privatization of space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Ranked of Cluster Development Critical Success Factor (CSF) in Iran Industrial Cluster
A. Riahi -
Open Access Article
281 - Dissimilar DP780/DP980 Resistance Spot Welded joints: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Critical Diameter
Bahman Valizadeh Mehdi Mansouri -
Open Access Article
282 - Effect of Post-Weld Intercritical Annealing on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of a Gas Tungsten Arc Welded DP700 Steel
Hamid Ashrafi Sayyed Erfan Aghili -
Open Access Article
283 - Channel bed unsteady analysis using critical shear stress and critical unit discharge (Case Study: Rivers Galali, Kurdistan)
میلاد رستمی Mohammad Mehdi HosainzadeOne of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. Flow that will start moving particle, called the critical flow. The initial move threshold sediment particles has been investigated in several different meth MoreOne of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. Flow that will start moving particle, called the critical flow. The initial move threshold sediment particles has been investigated in several different methods, most important of which are the average critical velocity, critical shear stress and critical unit discharge. To investigate the stability of the Galali river bed sediments in the according to river conditions used the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge methods. To determine initial move threshold sediment particles in the bed of the river were two cross-section of the river, two cross-section conditions were assessed. After that, the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge for four particle size D16, D50, D84 and D95 in each cross-section was calculated, and showed that in cross-section (1,2) in the bankfull discharge conditions all particles with sizes D16, D50, D84 and D95 begin to moving, and so in the bankfull discharge, sediment conditions will generally change. In cross-section (3) particles with a diameter D95 and the more it will be remain stable in the river bed, and other smaller particles of this size are starting to move. Due to further slope of the bed and width less active channel in the cross-section (1,2) has caused that all particles are unstable. Finally, the results from both methods were highly concordant, and this confirms that the use of these methods for stabilizes studies and sediment yield of river are appropriate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - River floor instability analysis using critical shear stress and discharge critical unit (Galali river case study, Qorve, Kurdistan)
Mohammad Mehdi Hoseinzadeh Milad RostamiOne of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. River sediment yield caused water turbidity, nutrients and pollution problems of water, buried in the water diversion facilities as well as filling the water MoreOne of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. River sediment yield caused water turbidity, nutrients and pollution problems of water, buried in the water diversion facilities as well as filling the water storage lakes. Flow that will start moving particle, called the critical flow. The initial move threshold sediment particles has been investigated in several different methods, most important of which are the average critical velocity, critical shear stress and critical unit discharge. To investigate the stability of the Galali river bed sediments in the city of Qorveh, according to river conditions used the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge methods. To determine initial move threshold sediment particles in the bed of the river were two cross-section of the river, two cross-section conditions were assessed. After that, the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge for four particle size D16, D50, D84 and D95 in each cross-section was calculated, and showed that in cross-section (1,2) in the bankfull discharge conditions all particles with sizes D16, D50, D84 and D95 begin to moving, and so in the bankfull discharge, sediment conditions will generally change. In cross-section (3) particles with a diameter D95 and the more it will be remain stable in the river bed, and other smaller particles of this size are starting to move. Due to further slope of the bed and width less active channel in the cross-section (1,2) has caused that all particles are unstable. Finally, the results from both methods were highly concordant, and this confirms that the use of these methods for stabilizes studies and sediment yield of river are appropriate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Effects of supercritical fluid and distillation extraction methods on the yield, antioxidant and antifungal activities of Artemisia persica Boiss essential oil
Parvin Ramak Vahid Karimian Asghar SepahvandIn this study, aerial parts of Artemisia persica in blooming satage were collected from Noor Abad Research Farm (Lorestan province, Iran) in the summer of 2017. Essential oils of plants were extracted by water distillation and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method MoreIn this study, aerial parts of Artemisia persica in blooming satage were collected from Noor Abad Research Farm (Lorestan province, Iran) in the summer of 2017. Essential oils of plants were extracted by water distillation and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) methods and were analyzed by using GC/MS device. Antifungal properties of essential oils were evaluated on Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes strains by broth microdilution method. Antioxidant activity of the essential oils was also evaluated by two free radical scavenging tests, viz. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS). Essential oil yields were 1.7% and 1.7-5.7% in water distillation and SFE methods, respectively. Major compounds identified in the SFE method were Davanone (29%), lacintafuran H (18.1%), C-artedoglacia oxide (8.5%), and neurodevnet (7.6%). Davanone (22%), lacintaphoran G (7.1%), and D-artedoglacia oxide (6%) were the predominant compounds detected in water distillation method. The essential oil extracted by water distillation had the highest antifungal effects on E. floccosum and T. montagrophytes strains with MFC and MIC of 32 µg/mL. Water extracted essential oil presented the highest free radical scavenging capacity in DPPH and ABTS tests with IC50 values of 20.32 and 14.23 μg/ml, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Evaluation of Urban Regeneration Scenarios in old Urban Fabrics (A Case of the Eighth District of Tabriz)
seyamak safori basher beygbabaee parviz noorozyBased on the findings of this study, out of the 27 identified factors that contribute to fabric regeneration in Tabriz's Eighth District, nine factors were selected as critical drivers for screening. Among the scenarios, strong scenarios were selected as desirable ones. MoreBased on the findings of this study, out of the 27 identified factors that contribute to fabric regeneration in Tabriz's Eighth District, nine factors were selected as critical drivers for screening. Among the scenarios, strong scenarios were selected as desirable ones. Among the strong scenarios, the first, second, third, and fourth ones were identified as the most favorable scenarios due to the high degree of utility. The results show that improvement of indices: managerial factors, tourism development, restoration of monuments and traffic management are necessary for the recreation of Tabriz's Eighth District because these indices are on the verge of becoming a crisis and thus the continuation of this process impedes favorable regeneration in the Tabriz’s Eighth District. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Investigation of Physical Effects on Nanoparticle Size in Aerosol Solvent Extraction System
Li Tian Tian Kim Row -
Open Access Article
288 - Hydrogen rich gas production via nano-catalytic gasification of bagasse in supercritical water
Ahmad Tavassoli Masoumeh Ghalbi Ahangari -
Open Access Article
289 - Production of Hydrogen and Synthesis gas via Cu-Ni/Al2O3 catalyzed gasification of bagasse in supercritical water media
Reza Mehrani Ahmad Tavasoli Mohammad Barati Ali Karimi Masoumeh Ghalbi Ahangari -
Open Access Article
290 - Critical Cultural Awareness in Iranian ELT Coursrbooksd: Coursebook Realizations and Ideals
Mostafa Ghaffari داوود کوهی مرتضی اصل رسولی -
Open Access Article
291 - تأثیر ترکیبی تفکر انتقادی و ارزی ابی پوی ا بر بهبود عملکرد نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی: تمرکز بر آموزش راهبردهای نوشتاری
Raheleh Taheri Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi Omid Tabatabaei Hadi Salehiاین تحقیق با هدف بررسی تأثیرترکیبی تفکر انتقادی و ارزیابی پویا بر افزایش عملکرد نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی، به ویژه با تمرکز بر آموزش راهبردهای نوشتاری انجام شد. ما 80 شرکتکننده در سطح متوسط را از میان حدود 200 زبانآموز در یک موسسه معتبر (گویش) انتخاب کرد Moreاین تحقیق با هدف بررسی تأثیرترکیبی تفکر انتقادی و ارزیابی پویا بر افزایش عملکرد نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی، به ویژه با تمرکز بر آموزش راهبردهای نوشتاری انجام شد. ما 80 شرکتکننده در سطح متوسط را از میان حدود 200 زبانآموز در یک موسسه معتبر (گویش) انتخاب کردیم. این شرکت کنندگان به طور مساوی به دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل تقسیم شدند. گروه آزمایش (EG) راهبردهای نوشتاری را با به کارگیری اصول تفکر انتقادی و ارزیابی پویا دریافت کردند. گروه کنترل (CG) راهبردهای نوشتاری را از طریق روش های سنتی بدون دریافت تفکر انتقادی یا اصول ارزیابی پویا دریافت کردند. دو گروه تحت یک پیش آزمون نوشتاری برای ارزیابی مهارت های نوشتاری اولیه خود قرار گرفتند و پس از درمان برای سنجش میزان پیشرفت نوشتاری خود، با استفاده از معیارهای ارزشیابی مشابه با معیارهای پیش آزمون، در پس آزمون شرکت کردند. سپس از ابزارهای آماری مناسب برای سنجش پیشرفت نوشتاری شرکت کنندگان در نتیجه روش های آموزشی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که ادغام ارزیابی پویا و استراتژی های تفکر انتقادی به طور قابل توجهی مهارت های ارتباطی نوشتاری شرکت کنندگان را بهبود می بخشد. این یافته ها برای مدرسان زبان انگلیسی، طراحان برنامه درسی و توسعه دهندگان مواد نویدبخش است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - مدل ساز ی معادلات ساختار ی رابطه بین ذهنی زبان آموزان و ویژگی ها ی فرد ی: مورد خودکارآمد ی ، خودمختار ی ، تفکر انتقادی
Samira Soltani Fariba Rahimi Esfahani Sajad Shafieeاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی تعدادی از اهداف انجام شد: بررسی کرد که آیا خودکارآمدی ، استقلال یادگیرنده ، و تفکر انتقادی نقش مهمی در پیشبی نیذهنی ت زبان زبان آموزان EFL دارند یا خیر. همچنین روابط مستقیم و غیرمستقیم بین تمامی متغیرهای فوق را مورد بررسی قرار داد. برای دستیابیبه Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی تعدادی از اهداف انجام شد: بررسی کرد که آیا خودکارآمدی ، استقلال یادگیرنده ، و تفکر انتقادی نقش مهمی در پیشبی نیذهنی ت زبان زبان آموزان EFL دارند یا خیر. همچنین روابط مستقیم و غیرمستقیم بین تمامی متغیرهای فوق را مورد بررسی قرار داد. برای دستیابیبه این اهداف، از طرح پیمایش همبستگی استفاده شد. پرسشنامه های نظرسنجی )پرسشنامه راهبردهای انگ یزشی برای یادگیری (MSLQ) ،پرسشنامه خودمختاری یادگیرنده ، آزمون مهارت های تفکر انتقادی کالیفرنی ا (CCTST) و پرسشنامه ذهنی ت ها ی زبانی (LMI) بر روی بیش از700 زبان آموز زبان انگلیسی متوسطه مرد و زن که از طریق نمونه گیری آسان انتخاب شده بودند، اجرا شد. موسسات زبان در اصفهان، ایران وداده های مورد نیاز جمع آوری و با روش تحلیل مسیر در محیط SmartPLS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. این یافته پیامدهای مفیدیبرای معلمان زبان دارد. ذهنیتها ی رشد باید برای اجرای صح یح مداخلات ذهنی توسط آنها گرفته شود و مدلسازی شود تا فراگیران بتوانندظرفیتهای انعطافپذ یر خود را به عنوان بازتابی از تلاشهای خود درک کنند. یادگیرنده ای که به موفقی ت آنها در زندگی کمک می کند.یادگیرندگانی که برا ی افزای ش خودکارآمدی تحت مداخله ذهن یت رشد قرار میگیرند ، از موفقیت تحص یلی بی شتر و تعهد به یادگیری بهره خواهند برد .کلمات کلید ی: تفکر انتقادی. ذهنی ت زبانی ؛ خودمختاری یادگیرنده ؛ خودکارآمد ی Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Teaching Critical Thinking through a Dialogic Approach: The infusion model
Zahra Kheradmand Saadi Naser Rashidi -
Open Access Article
294 - The Effect of Teaching Critical Thinking Strategies on Students’ Academic Writing, Critical Thinking Ability, and Critical Thinking Dispositions
Ali Taghinezhad Mohammad Javad Riasati Fatemeh Behjat -
Open Access Article
295 - The Role of Critical Thinking Orientation on the Learners’ Use of Communicative Strategies
Ramin Asadi Jamnani Davood Mashhadi Heidar -
Open Access Article
296 - The Impact of Implementing Critical Appraisal on EFL Teachers’ Data Analysis Knowledge
Alireza Zaker Mania Nosratinia Parviz Birjandi Massood Yazdani Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
297 - The Representation of Social Actors in Top Notch Textbook Series: A critical discourse analysis perspective
Safoura Davari Mohammad Raouf Moini -
Open Access Article
298 - Relationship between Teaching Experience, Academic Qualifications and In-service Training Courses: The case of Iranian EFL teachers' use of critical thinking-based teaching strategies
DOR: 20.1001.1.23223898.2021.9.37.6.4
Masoud Azizi Abarghoui Saeed Ketabi Mohsen Shahrokhi -
Open Access Article
299 - Reacting to “Failure and Triumph” among Iranian Soccer Coaches: A CDA outlook of the sports media language
Marzieh Nezakat-Alhossaini Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi -
Open Access Article
300 - Effects of Critical Pedagogy on Iranian Upper-intermediate EFL Learners’ Writing Quantity and Quality
Zhila Zabihi Ahmad Ameri-Golestan -
Open Access Article
301 - The Effect of Critical Thinking and Brainstorming as Pre-Writing Stage Activities on EFL Pre-Intermediate Learners’ Expository Writing
Elham Namani Bahman Gorjian -
Open Access Article
302 - Representation of Ideological Assumptions in Iranian EFL Textbooks with Reference to Critical Pedagogy and Critical Metaphor Analysis
DOR: 20.1001.1.23223898.2021.9.36.12.8
Samaneh Mehdipoor Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi Omid Tabatabaei Hadi Salehi -
Open Access Article
303 - Predictive Power of Test-taking Strategies, Critical Thinking, and Self-efficacy in Accounting for Female Iranian Ph.D. Students’ Language Proficiency: The Case of EPT
Fariba Rahimi Esfahani -
Open Access Article
304 - Metaphoric Language Use in a Sample of Modern Political Discourse on Iran-West Relations
Somayyeh Jafarnezhad Bahloul Salmani Hossein Sadegh Oghli -
Open Access Article
305 - Impact of STAD model of Cooperative Learning on Iranian EFL Learners’ Critical Thinking and Motivation
Abolhassan Nazari Omid Tabatabaei Mohammad Ali Heidari Shahreza -
Open Access Article
306 - Heat Transfer Analysis and Estimation of CHF in Vertical Channel
K. Dolati Asl E. ‎ Abedini‎ Y. Bakhshan‎ A. Mohammadi Karachi‎ R. Hamidi Jahromi -
Open Access Article
307 - Content analysis of “Religion and Life” curriculum in the high school program in Iran in terms of the emphasis on creativity, critical thinking, and self-assertiveness in students
Solmaz Khademi -
Open Access Article
308 - The Effectiveness of Teaching Through Concept Maps on Critical Thinking and Academic Self-Concept
Hosein Aflakifard Mohammad Ghalenoei -
Open Access Article
309 - A Method for Ranking, Assessment and Evaluation of Sustainability Factors in Project
Abolfazl Hesampour Mehrdad Nikbakht Hadi Shirouyehzad -
Open Access Article
310 - Optimal Operation of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Based on 100% Renewable Energy for Supplying Cryptocurrency Mining Farm and Critical Loads in Off-Grid and Grid-Tied States
Reza HemmatiThis research proposes a novel method for utilizing renewable energies in electric vehicle charging stations. In the proposed method, the required energy for charging the electric vehicles, the needed energy for supplying the cryptocurrency mining farm as well as the en MoreThis research proposes a novel method for utilizing renewable energies in electric vehicle charging stations. In the proposed method, the required energy for charging the electric vehicles, the needed energy for supplying the cryptocurrency mining farm as well as the energy for supplying the critical loads of the upstream grid are afforded by 100% renewable resources, and the electric vehicle parking station (i.e., charging station) receives no energy from the utility grid. In this model, the uncertainty of renewable energies and the mismatch between generation and demand are resolved by optimal charging-discharging of electric vehicles. While the utility grid is available, the electric vehicles are fully charged, the cryptocurrency mining farm continues operation at full capacity, and excess renewable energy is sent to the upstream grid to supply the critical loads. The critical loads are supplied from two directions of the grid and parking station. During an outage or blackout of the utility grid, the critical loads are fully supplied by an electric vehicle parking station. In this situation, the cryptocurrency miners are modeled as a responsive load. In the off-grid operation, the proposed planning manages the energy of cryptocurrency miners as well as the charging-discharging pattern of electric vehicles for reaching two objectives of fully charging all the electric vehicles and fully supplying the critical loads. If there is any surplus of energy, it is used to run the cryptocurrency miners. In the proposed model, since no energy is received from the utility grid, the issues related to cryptocurrency mining are inconsequential. The objective function of the proposed method is to minimize the number of discharge cycles on electric vehicles to avoid battery degradation. The problem is formulated as mixed integer linear programming and solved by GAMS software. The wind and solar energy uncertainty are incorporated in the model and an optimal charging-discharging pattern is designed for electric vehicles to confirm feasible operation under all energy variations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - The Role of Critical Thinking in the Undergraduate Translation Training Programs
Rana Soleimani Garmroudi Mostafa Naghipoor -
Open Access Article
312 - Analysis of vital factors affecting trust after use and its effect on citizens' intention to continuously use electronic services in Tehran laboratories
Gholamreza solimani Mahnaz bahramikiaThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of analysis of vital factors affecting trust after use and its effect on citizens' intention to continuously use electronic services. The research method is descriptive in order to investigate how the variables h MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of analysis of vital factors affecting trust after use and its effect on citizens' intention to continuously use electronic services. The research method is descriptive in order to investigate how the variables have a cause and effect effect, and in terms of purpose, it is of an applied type. The necessary information for the research was obtained through the study of theoretical foundations and a questionnaire of 140 people, which was randomly distributed among the referents and users of electronic services of Massoud Laboratory in 1401. Structural equation modeling using PLS technique has been used to analyze the data. The results of the data analysis showed that the clients' understanding of the quality of information, services and security and privacy has a positive and significant effect on their trust after use; The trust of visitors to the laboratory will have a positive effect on the trust in the laboratory after using it. The trust after using the laboratory will have a positive effect on the perceived usefulness and satisfaction of the clients, and the perceived usefulness and satisfaction have a positive effect on the intention of continuous use of the clients; But the results showed that the clients' understanding of the quality of the system and the clients' trust in the Internet do not affect their trust in the laboratory after using it, and the trust after using the laboratory does not affect their intention to continue using it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - Futures Studies of Gas Industry in Iran based on Fuzzy MCDM Methods and Critical Uncertainty Approach
Mohammad Reza Fathi Abolfazl Khosravi Somayeh Razi Moheb Saraj Amirhossein Behrooz -
Open Access Article
314 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Computer Games with Traditional Iranian Games on Critical Thinking of Students with Mathematical Disability
مهسا ساداتی بالادهی Beheshte Niosha Mahnaz AstekiObjective: Given that learning disabilities are the most important poor academic performance and traditional teaching methods are no longer responsive to current and future educational needs, the purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of computer MoreObjective: Given that learning disabilities are the most important poor academic performance and traditional teaching methods are no longer responsive to current and future educational needs, the purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of computer games with traditional Iranian games on the critical thinking of students with mathematical disabilities. Materials and Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the present study included all fourth to sixth grade students in Tehran between the ages of 10 and 12 years who had mathematical disabilities in the academic year 96-97. For this purpose, 30 subjects were selected by purposive sampling method and then divided into 3 groups (control group, traditional games experimental group and computer games experimental group). Research tools were the revised Wexler children's intelligence test WISC-R (1949) and the KeyMath mathematical test (1976) for initial screening and the Cornell X Critical Thinking Questionnaire (1985) for the main review. Data analysis was performed using MANOVA and SPSS-24 software. Results: Based on the results, both traditional Iranian and computer games were effective in improving students' critical thinking. It is one of the traditional Iranian games (p <0.01). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it was observed that the strategic computer game was very attractive to the participants and this could be one of the reasons for the success of this program. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - A Survey of the Status of Smart Schools based on Standards and Comparison of its Students Academic Performance and Critical Thinking with Public Schools
Maryam Heidari Mojdeh Vaziri Fariba AdliThe present study aimed to investigate the status of smart schools based on standards and to compare its performance with that of public schools. The study method was descriptive survey. The statistical population included all girl secondary schools in city of Yazd. Two MoreThe present study aimed to investigate the status of smart schools based on standards and to compare its performance with that of public schools. The study method was descriptive survey. The statistical population included all girl secondary schools in city of Yazd. Two public high schools were selected via cluster sampling, and two smart schools were selected via census method. Instruments included smart schools evaluation check list (observation) to examine the present status of the schools, critical thinking skills test, and third grade average to measure academic achievements of the students. SPSS software was used for data analysis, and descriptive and inferential statistics (t test) were used to test the research questions. The findings showed that the current status of smart schools was in low level with respect to teaching-learning content, ICT infrastructure, trained teachers and computer communication with the schools. Only with respect to principals' use of computers it was in accepted level. Also, there was not a significant difference between smart school students' performance and that of the public school students in critical thinking but in academic achievement there was significant difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - A Comparison of Impact of Blended Learning with Traditional Instruction on Critical Thinking and Happiness in Students
Azad Allah Karami Esmaeil Zaraei ZavarakiThe purpose of this study was to compare the impact of blended learning with traditional instruction on critical thinking and happiness in third grade students in Qods township. The research method was a semi-experimental. The statistical population included all the thi MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the impact of blended learning with traditional instruction on critical thinking and happiness in third grade students in Qods township. The research method was a semi-experimental. The statistical population included all the third grade secondary school students in Qods town studying in 2012. The statistical sample was selected via available sampling method. Thus one school was selected since it was equipped with the necessary facilities for implementing blended learning. Two classes of third grade in this school were chosen as experimental and control groups. The tools used in this study were California Critical Thinking Test and Oxford Happiness Test. Both groups were given a pretest, and at the end of the semester a posttest was performed. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics including Covariance analysis test. The findings showed that blended learning was more effective in increasing students' critical thinking and happiness compared with traditional instruction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - The Relationship between Self-Regulated Learning Strategies, Critical Thinking Tendency and Students Readiness to Participate in E-Learning Courses
Ezatallah Ghadampour Peyman Kamkar Hoshang Garavand Sajad JamshidikiaOne of the factors that can cause success or failure in using e-learning is students' readiness to participate in e-learning courses. Among the factors that could be effective in readiness of students to participate such e-learning courses are self-regulated learning st MoreOne of the factors that can cause success or failure in using e-learning is students' readiness to participate in e-learning courses. Among the factors that could be effective in readiness of students to participate such e-learning courses are self-regulated learning strategies and tendency to critical thinking. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the role of self-regulated learning strategies and tendency to critical thinking in students' readiness to participate in e-learning courses. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all students of Kharazmi University in 2013. Using random sampling method, 250 individuals were selected as sample. To collect the data, the Ricketts' tendency to critical thinking and self-regulated learning strategies questionnaires, as well as students' readiness to participate in e-learning scale were used. Descriptive (mean, standard deviation) and inferential (correlation, regression and independent t tests) statistics were used for data analysis. The results showed that the correlation of self-regulated learning strategies with students' readiness to participate in e-learning was 0.23 (R2= 0.05) and of critical thinking with students' readiness to participate in e-learning courses is 0.24 (R2= 0.07). So students' readiness to participate in e-learning courses can be predicted through self-regulated learning strategies and tendency to critical thinking. Results of t test showed that there was no significant difference between male and female, as well as graduate and undergraduate students in terms of readiness to participate in e-learning courses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - The Relationship between Students' Information Technology Literacy and their Critical Thinking
Saeid Saffarian Hamedani Alireza Alipoor Azin Azimi AshrafiThe main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between information technology literacy and critical thinking skills of graduate students. Adopting a descriptive survey, the statistical population of the study included graduate students of Islamic A MoreThe main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between information technology literacy and critical thinking skills of graduate students. Adopting a descriptive survey, the statistical population of the study included graduate students of Islamic Azad University of Sari Branch. Using Krejcie and Morgan table, 331 were randomly selected. The research instruments were researcher-made information technology literacy questionnaire and critical thinking questionnaire, the validities of which were confirmed by the experts in the field of educational sciences. The reliabilities for the given questionnaires were estimated through Chronbach's alpha coefficient by distributing the questionnaires among a group of 30 participants, the result of which was 0.93 for IT literacy questionnaire and 0.80 for critical thinking skills. Regarding the establishment of parametric statistics, the Pearson correlation was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that there was no relationship between IT literacy and critical thinking skills (creativity, maturity and commitment) among higher education students. It means that IT literacy was not a reason for the existence of critical thinking, perhaps the best time for improving the thinking power among people through using information technology is before their entrance to higher education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Identifying the Critical Success Factors in the academic E-Learning Centers (Qualitative Study)
Abasalt Khorasani Farnoush A'lami Shirzad RazavizadehUnderstanding of the components and factors affecting success on e-learning helps the decision-makers adopt a suitable policy for investment in effective factors and re-design or omit non effective ones. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to identify the critica MoreUnderstanding of the components and factors affecting success on e-learning helps the decision-makers adopt a suitable policy for investment in effective factors and re-design or omit non effective ones. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to identify the critical success factors in the academic e-learning centers. The present study is developmental regarding to the objective, and qualitative concerning data collection. The sample includes 10 main experts having management, research and teaching experiences in the domain of E-learning. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. To identify the factors, semi-structured interview was used as the data collection instrument. Then, the collected data was analyzed through open codifying and axial codifying based on content-analysis. The critical success factors of academic e-learning centers, based on the ideas of the participants, were found to be 7 factors: learner, instructor, technology, management, pedagogy, evaluation, and outdoor beneficiary, which should have 47 features to reach success. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Identifying, explaining and Prioritizing critical success factors in the quality of electronic learning of Azad University from the perspective of professors and students
pejman salehi seyfollah fazlollahi Ali akbar KhoshgoftarIn this research, we have tried to identify and explain the critical success factors in the quality of electronic learning of the Azad University. Therefore, in order to achieve the goal of the study, we have studied the comparison between the views of professors and st MoreIn this research, we have tried to identify and explain the critical success factors in the quality of electronic learning of the Azad University. Therefore, in order to achieve the goal of the study, we have studied the comparison between the views of professors and students about the critical success factors in the e-learning quality of Azad University. Also, in the library section of this research, studies have been conducted to identify the factors affecting the quality of e-learning from the perspective of the various stakeholders. Based on previous research and a survey of e-learning experts, a questionnaire was developed by researchers and among statistical samples Research was distributed. Also, some of the items of the questionnaire were designed in order to obtain opinions and obtain solutions. The statistical sample was asked to prioritize the importance of each critical factor in the success of electronic learning in Azad University. The important point in analyzing the research data of the researchers was that the direction of the research process was to identify and assess the significance of the amount of and the significance of each factor and the variance associated with it. The main finding of the present study is that the viewpoints of faculty members and students about the critical success factors of e-learning quality vary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Comparison of the Effect of Electronic Learning on Critical Thinking, Creativity and Academic Achievement in Secondary High School Students in Empirical Sciences
abolfazel abbasi hasan shareiat ALIAKBAR SARBAZHOSINIThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect of e-learning on creativity, tendency to critical thinking and academic achievement in Secondary School Student in e-schools based on e-learning and ordinary schools in district 4 of Qom in the academic year 1396 to 13 MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect of e-learning on creativity, tendency to critical thinking and academic achievement in Secondary School Student in e-schools based on e-learning and ordinary schools in district 4 of Qom in the academic year 1396 to 1395. The tools of this research include the Thinking Risk Inventory (CTDI) questionnaire and the Torrance test is used to measure creativity. The method of this study was to determine the causal-comparative type and to test the hypotheses, the t-test was used. The results of the research indicated that the mean scores of the components of creativity among students of schools with e-learning as compared to knowledge There was a significant difference between students in ordinary schools and there was no significant difference between the mean scores of critical thinking components of students in electronic schools compared to ordinary school students, but there was a significant difference between the mean scores of academic achievement in two types of schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - پیشرفت های اخیر در زمینه روش های استخراج ترکیب های گیاهی
بهزاد ذوالفقاری افسانه یکدانهمقدمه و هدف: فن­آوری­های جدید و مختلفی شامل عصاره گیری همراه با امواج فراصوت، عصاره­گیری همراه با امواج مایکروویو و عصاره گیری همراه با مایع فوق بحرانی به منظور استخراج ترکیبات از گیاهان گسترش یافته­اند. این فن­آوری­ها به منظور کاهش دادن مدت زمان Moreمقدمه و هدف: فن­آوری­های جدید و مختلفی شامل عصاره گیری همراه با امواج فراصوت، عصاره­گیری همراه با امواج مایکروویو و عصاره گیری همراه با مایع فوق بحرانی به منظور استخراج ترکیبات از گیاهان گسترش یافته­اند. این فن­آوری­ها به منظور کاهش دادن مدت زمان عصاره گیری، کاهش میزان حلال مصرفی، افزایش بازده استخراج و تقویت کیفیت عصاره حاصله گسترش یافته اند. در این مقاله به معرفی و مقایسه روش سوکسله و روش­های جایگزین و نوین مورد استفاده در داروسازی پرداخته شده است. برای به­دست آوردن بهترین و موثرترین عصاره، توجه به مواردی از جمله خصوصیات ماده گیاهی، انتخاب حلال مناسب و دقت در مراحل عصاره­گیری ضروری بوده و باید در نظر داشت که بازده بالا در عصاره حاصله به معنای بازده بالای ترکیب مورد نظر در عصاره نمی­باشد.توصیه کاربردی: در روش عصاره­گیری با استفاده از امواج فراصوت نفوذ حلال به بافت گیاهی به خوبی صورت می­گیرد و در مقایسه با سایر روش­ها این روش از کارآیی و سرعت بالاتری برخوردار است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - Morality and Politics from Critical Theory Point of View
Jamil Hassan poor Manoochehr DehyadegariThroughout the exuberant and bustling history of human's life, we had never been in such a desprate need for developing a better understanding of virtue, politics and norms as well as paying need to moral principles, these all have turned out to be one of the much debat MoreThroughout the exuberant and bustling history of human's life, we had never been in such a desprate need for developing a better understanding of virtue, politics and norms as well as paying need to moral principles, these all have turned out to be one of the much debated and controversial issues in our hectic era. Science and technology have triumphed over all different aspects of mankind. Consequently the major principles of spirituality and morality are greatly influenced by mundane, terrestrial upheavals. Technology and Modernity which is highly known as communication and information epoch had eliminated political borders and consequestly it had exposed all nations, peoples and countries, to a sort of cultural attack which can lead to culture trauma, the offspring can be viewed as a crisis as well as a change in decriminalizing legalizing politics in the century. The notion of "criticism" is a metaphor for pathology which aims at criticizing the modernity, known as a phenomenon devoid of moralities. This concept sides up with a guide for human's action The ultimate goal is to restore, resurrect its actual benefits and views. Scholars like "Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse ,Habermas, Hana Ahrenet Eric From" are well known founders of the Theory in the th century. They made an attempt to criticize positivist human Sciences. The aim of this essay is to study the role of morality and polities and their relationship from the point of view of the critical theory. It also criticizes modernity, a phenomenon that has emerged as a cosequence of scientific transformations. In this research, the co-relational method in used. The major question asked is about the relationship between morality and polities from the point of view of the critical theory. In general, it is concluded that there is consensus among theorists of critical theory concerning the interaction between morality and polities, believing that brutalities and disasters are direct consequences of separation of morality and politics. In the view of critical theorists, it seems that modernism on the one hand, has brought alout development and prosperity, but on the other hand has considered instrumental rationality as the source of most misfortunes causing distraction of morality and constraining individual freedom in politics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - An Explanation of the Relations between Iran and USA in Imam Khomeini’s Foreign Policy Discourse
Rahim Afsharian Seyed Asadolah AthariAbstract: The political orientation of states determines the quality of their relationship. Foreign policy is basically an outcome of the identity theories and their actors cannot act efficiently and in a sustained manner unless they achieve a unified theory and ideolo MoreAbstract: The political orientation of states determines the quality of their relationship. Foreign policy is basically an outcome of the identity theories and their actors cannot act efficiently and in a sustained manner unless they achieve a unified theory and ideology. Imam Khomeini considered “Islam” as a different entity so that “others” can be identified in his political identity and perception. Language and ideology emphasizes on justification, production and reproduction of hegemony and unequal power relationship and consider the aim of criticism paying attention to most profound aspect of power in society through exposing the hypocrisy of language. Critical discourse analysis from philosophical point of view is based on social constructivism which by emphasis on human factor reduces the reality to human structure. The aim of critical analysis is to show ideological belief and values which has reflected itself as common sense. Everyone knows that the United States has the role of “hostile” and “other” in Imam Khomeini’s discourse and this role remains until America does not change her behavioral pattern. In response to this question “What are the conditions for normalization of relations between the two countries in Imam Khomeini’s discourse?” factors like “mutual respect” and “change of confrontationist and hostile policy” are recognized. The article by a descriptive method based on library material examines Islamic ideas of Imam Khomeini, his critical discourse analysis in foreign policy and then tests the article’s hypothesis, to prove the general principles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - مقایسه معلمان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی در مدارس دولتی و آموزشگاههای زبان: تمرکز بر تفکر انتقادی و جنیست
مونس معصومی زاده شیما قبادیتفکر انتقادی، به عنوان مهارت بنیادی در جهان کنونی ما در سال های اخیر تمرکز بسیاری را به خود جلب کرده است . با بررسی نوشته ها می توان دریافت که عامل ضروری مانند جنسیت در نوشته های مربوط به تفکر انتقادی نادیده گرفته شده است. مطالعه حاضر ماهیت تفکر انتقادی در بین معلمان زب Moreتفکر انتقادی، به عنوان مهارت بنیادی در جهان کنونی ما در سال های اخیر تمرکز بسیاری را به خود جلب کرده است . با بررسی نوشته ها می توان دریافت که عامل ضروری مانند جنسیت در نوشته های مربوط به تفکر انتقادی نادیده گرفته شده است. مطالعه حاضر ماهیت تفکر انتقادی در بین معلمان زبان انگلیسی ایرانی و ارتباط آن با جنسیت در بخش های عمومی و خصوصی را بررسی کرده است. برای نیل به این هدف، 153 معلم ( 57 مرد و 96 زن) بر طبق نمونه گیری از 20 آموزشگاه زبان و 20 مدرسه عمومی در اصفهان در جهت مشارکت در این مطالعه انتخاب شده اند. از شرکت کنندگان در خواست شده تا پرسشنامه 80 آیتم تفکر انتقادی از واتسون را پاسخ بدهند. یافته ها حاکی از آن است که میزان ضعیفی از تفکر انتقادی در بین معلمان وجود دارد، همچنین معلمان زن و مرد ایرانی زبان انگلیسی تفاوت قابل توجهی در میزان تفکر انتقادی ندارند . علاوه بر این نتایج نشان داد بخش خصوصی زمینه بهتری را برای گسترش تفکر انتقادی در بین معلمان زبان انگلیسی فراهم کرده است. استدلالهای این مطالعه مورد بحث قرار گرفته اند . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - بررسی کتب زبان عمومی دانشگا ههای ایران از نظرانگیزش تفکر انتقادی
مریم عزیزیهدف از تحقیق حاضر ارزیابی کتاب های زبان انگلیسی عمومی تدریس شده در دانشگاههای ایران است. به منظور انجام این تحقیق ، سوالات درک مطلب 10 کتاب زبان عمومی مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. پس از انتخاب کتاب ها سوالات درک مطلب هر درس از هر کتاب بر اساس مدل تفکر انتقادی (Fac Moreهدف از تحقیق حاضر ارزیابی کتاب های زبان انگلیسی عمومی تدریس شده در دانشگاههای ایران است. به منظور انجام این تحقیق ، سوالات درک مطلب 10 کتاب زبان عمومی مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. پس از انتخاب کتاب ها سوالات درک مطلب هر درس از هر کتاب بر اساس مدل تفکر انتقادی (Facione, 2011) که دارای 6 فاکتور است، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و پس از تجزیه وتحلیل داده ها، درصد حضور هر فاکتور انتقادی از مدل منتخب ، در هرکتاب به طور مجزا محاسبه شد. نتایج به دست آمده از این تحقیق مقدار حضور فاکتورهای انتقادی مدل مورد نظر را در 10 کتاب منتخب آشکار ساخت. علاوه بر این یافته های این مطالعه نشان می دهد که نباید انتظار پرورش دانش آموزانی دارای تفکر انتقادی توسط این کتاب ها را داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - تاثیر ایدئولوژی بر ارائه وترجمه اخبار سیاسی در روزنامه های فارسی زبان در ایران و روزنامه های انگلیسی زبان در غرب
سعید تاکی سعیده عمیدتحقیق حاضر به بررسی میزان تاثیر گرایشات ایدئولوژیک بر راهبردهای تولید اخبار سیاسی می پردازد. بعلاوه، سعی بر آن بوده تا باورهای ایدئولوژیک پنهان در متون مبدا و مقصد را نیز کشف و ارائه نماید. بدین منظور موضوع بحث برانگیز "برنامه هسته ای ایران" انتخاب شد و داده های مورد نی Moreتحقیق حاضر به بررسی میزان تاثیر گرایشات ایدئولوژیک بر راهبردهای تولید اخبار سیاسی می پردازد. بعلاوه، سعی بر آن بوده تا باورهای ایدئولوژیک پنهان در متون مبدا و مقصد را نیز کشف و ارائه نماید. بدین منظور موضوع بحث برانگیز "برنامه هسته ای ایران" انتخاب شد و داده های مورد نیاز از متن "اظهارنامه تهران" و "سخنرانی رئیس جمهور وقت ایران" که در روزنامه های فارسی زبان ایران و انگلیسی زبان غرب چاپ شده بود گرداوری شد. سپس ویژگیهای معنایی و نحوی متون فارسی و انگلیسی بر اساس مدل هاج و کرس (1996) مورد مقایسه و بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج آزمون خی نشان می دهد که تفاوت معنا داری بین متون فارسی و انگلیسی از نظر گرایشات ایدئولوژیک وجود دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - آیا آموزش زبان ارتباطی واقعا کارایی دارد؟ بررسی انتقادی
زهرا معصوم پناه محمد رضا طالبی نژادهنگامی که از معلمان درمورد روش تدریس آنها در کلاس های درس میپرسیم، بیشترانها ادعا می کنند که ازروش " آموزش زبان ارتباطی " ( CLT) استفاده میکنند. حتی با وجود تغییر توجه از اصرار بر دوره" روشهای تدریس" به دوره "پس از روشهای تدریس"، CLT سیطره خود را در آموزش زبان از دست ند Moreهنگامی که از معلمان درمورد روش تدریس آنها در کلاس های درس میپرسیم، بیشترانها ادعا می کنند که ازروش " آموزش زبان ارتباطی " ( CLT) استفاده میکنند. حتی با وجود تغییر توجه از اصرار بر دوره" روشهای تدریس" به دوره "پس از روشهای تدریس"، CLT سیطره خود را در آموزش زبان از دست نداده است . با این حال، بسیاری از معلمان نه از چنین ادعایی دست برمیدارند و نه نقادانه فکر می کنند که چرا این کار را انجام میدهند. بنابراین، در این مقاله تلاش شده تا یک ارزیابی انتقادی از "روش تدریس زبان ارتباطی CLT" بعمل آید. برای این کار،ابتدا یک بررسی کوتاه در مورد ادعاهای اساسی، اصول ، موانع و مشکلات اجرای CLT به ویژه درمحیط انگلیسی بعنوان یک زبان خارجه انجام می شود. سپس، یک چارچوب، که در آن تلاش شده کاستی های مدل های موجود رفع شود، جهت نقد روش های تدریس زبان ارائه شده است. در نهایت، مدل ارائه شده، عملا با تمرکز بر CLT اجرا ، و ادعاها و اصول CLT با توجه به یافته ها و منابع و تحقیقات موجود آزمایش میشود. استدلال این است که CLT به زبان آموزان کمک می کند تاخودکار وبا اعتماد به نفس عمل کنند؛ یادگیری معنی داررا درآنها تقویت میکند, انگیزه درونی را توسعه میدهد,کمک میکند از تعداد زیادی استراتژی استفاده کنند, و از "خود"شان دفاع کنند، فرهنگ، آگاهی سیاسی و اجتماعی و مراحل توسعه زبان در CLT مهم است. به یادگیرندگان اجازه ابتکار می دهد و به احتمال زیاد زبان بعنوان یک واسطه است تا یک وسیله. با این حال، چندین مشکل در CLT وجود دارد. مهم ترین آنها در ارتباط با عملی بودن، یک جانبه بودن ، و عدم انعطاف پذیری روش است . علاوه بر این، معلمان قربانیان درمانده ایدئولوژیهایی فرض میشوند که برآنها تحمیل میشوند و نقش آنها در فرایند تدریس / یادگیری نادیده گرفته میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - سوالات درک مطلب در کتب درس زبان انگلیسی در دبیرستانهای ایران: دیدگاه تفکر انتقادی
زهرا شارقی مجتبی مطلبی کیا -
Open Access Article
330 - Gender Representation in ELT Materials: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Top Notch
Saeed Taki Atefeh Shahbazi -
Open Access Article
331 - بررسی گفتمان مراسم خواستگاری از دیدگاه گفتمان شناسی انتقادی
غلام رضا زارعی الهام صدریبرخلاف فرهنگ های غربی، در فرهنگ ایران درخواست ازدواج در یک گردهمایی رسمی خانوادگی و طی مذاکراتی بین خانواده های زوج آینده صورت می گیرد. فاکتورهای پنهانی وجود دارند که این مذاکرات را کنترل می کنند. کلمات و رفتارهای افراد در جلسات خواستگاری می تواند منابع نامرئی سلطه در پ Moreبرخلاف فرهنگ های غربی، در فرهنگ ایران درخواست ازدواج در یک گردهمایی رسمی خانوادگی و طی مذاکراتی بین خانواده های زوج آینده صورت می گیرد. فاکتورهای پنهانی وجود دارند که این مذاکرات را کنترل می کنند. کلمات و رفتارهای افراد در جلسات خواستگاری می تواند منابع نامرئی سلطه در پس این مذاکرات را بازنمایی کند. با در نظر گرفتن تعریف گفتمان به عنوان هرگونه رفتار نمادین معنادار، تحقیق حاضر قصد دارد به کاوش لایه های عمیق مبادلات گفتمانی در جلسات خواستگاری بپردازد و منابع مهم فرهنگی-اجتماعی سلطه را در این سنت باستانی ایرانی مورد بررسی قرار دهد. داده های حاصله از مشاهده ی جلسات خواستگاری از طریق آنالیز مضمونی وبا استفاده از بینش های برگرفته ازرویکرد تحلیل انتقادی گفتمان، بررسی شد. یافته ها حاکی از آن است که مبادلات گفتمانی در خواستگاری برتری سنتی خانواده و والدین بر فرزندان را بازنمایی می کند و هم چنین روابط مبتنی بر تمایز جنسیتی در زندگی اجتماعی ایران را باز تولید می نماید. به علاوه، مشخص گردید که جستجوی حیثیت اجتماعی و رعایت هنجارهای مذهبی دو منبع سلطه ی دیگرهستند که نقش تجویزی در گفتمان خواستگاری دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - Supercritical water impregnation of CuO nanoparticles on silica-support as new catalyst
Seyed Javad Ahmadi Morteza Hosseinpour Mohammad Outokesh -
Open Access Article
333 - Explaining the dialectic of space and the concept of the right to the city from the perspective of critical urban theories
Pouyan Mozaheb Saeid Piri Hamid Reza Sabaghi Alireza EstelajiUrban spaces cannot be considered only as a natural structure in the framework of the historical growth and development of cities. Rather, these spaces are always organized and reproduced through various factors such as capital, politics, ideology and society. This is d MoreUrban spaces cannot be considered only as a natural structure in the framework of the historical growth and development of cities. Rather, these spaces are always organized and reproduced through various factors such as capital, politics, ideology and society. This is despite the fact that today, due to the dominance of capital-oriented policies on urban spaces, the social dimensions of space production have been neglected. In such a city, the rights of citizens in influencing the spaces of daily life have been marginalized. In contrast to this common thinking, critical urban theories have been formed based on the fundamental criticism of these approaches and the disclosure of the main factors that exclude citizens from urban spaces. Therefore, this article, with a fundamental approach and by adopting a descriptive-analytical method and by using qualitative and critical analyzes based on critical urban theories, by explaining the spatial dialectic in relation to the effects of politics, capital and society in the production of space, tries to reveal the roots of the deprivation of the contemporary urban society. By applying the concept of the right to the city, we argue that strategies based on the social will of city residents can be presented against these attitudes governing the urban space, and we also believe that urban praxis as a social action will play an effective role in the urban space by responding to the demands of an urban society in order to achieve the social benefits of citizens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - .Survey of Pedagogical theories for Children in One Story of Bustan Based on Russell’s views
AbasAli Vafayi Mehrdad Akbari Gandomani MehdiReza Kamali BanianiAnalytical philosophy of pedagogy deals with explaining thought structures by logical and linguistic analysis. Most of analytic philosophers believe that the clarification of philosophical propositions through concept analyses can be effective in pedagogical issues in c MoreAnalytical philosophy of pedagogy deals with explaining thought structures by logical and linguistic analysis. Most of analytic philosophers believe that the clarification of philosophical propositions through concept analyses can be effective in pedagogical issues in children. Bertrand Russell (1872-1967) had a great role in pedagogical issues of children. Since Sa’di has focused on pedagogical issues, too, we study the story of “clan of thieves” by keeping an eye on Russell and Sa’di. We conclude that they have some consensuses as well as some differences. This essay explains their distinctive views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - Analysis of cognitive skills in Razavi's novel Wake me up based on Lipman's critical thinking
Parisa Ahmadi Khalil BaygzadeNovels derived from Islamic culture have appeared in Persian literature with the aim of processing aspects of educational teachings and types of skills of thinking types, which can be used in social research and with their help, more aspects of human existential philoso MoreNovels derived from Islamic culture have appeared in Persian literature with the aim of processing aspects of educational teachings and types of skills of thinking types, which can be used in social research and with their help, more aspects of human existential philosophy and types of thinking can be achieved. Razavi's novel "Wake me up" by Fariba Kalhor based on the character of Imam Reza (AS) is based on moral dos and don'ts and cognitive teachings that include critical thinking skills such as self-correction, self-correction, correct judgment and the influence and interpretation of the context of the text. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the critical thinking skills in Razavi's novel "Wake me up" based on Lipman's critical thinking with a descriptive-analytical approach. The achievement of the research is the achievement of critical thinking skills that can lead the audience to a correct understanding of the text by expressing logical arguments, having flexibility in dealing with new methods and relying on unconventional conditions. The metacognition of the text is due to the questioning of the audience's thinking, which has brought him to a knowledge beyond ordinary knowledge. Angles of correct judgments can be seen in the text of the novel, which is Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Warning Instruction of Sa’di inBustanthrough Critical Discourse Analysis ofFairclough
Mehdi Norooz Farangis FarhoodThe present study seeks to confirm the assumption that Sa’di is trying to implement the ideology of warning instruction. In the meantime, he sees audience so passive that ethics could be taught by warnings about the negative consequences of behaviors. To justify t MoreThe present study seeks to confirm the assumption that Sa’di is trying to implement the ideology of warning instruction. In the meantime, he sees audience so passive that ethics could be taught by warnings about the negative consequences of behaviors. To justify this, he uses some artistry and to offer a blend of his poem sand Quranic verses and Hadiths to increase the impact of his words. Considering the cultural space of the Iran, as well as historical and social issues of that day, he offers his trainings and advices by means of warning to the audiences; and against the passive mood of the people of his time, he preaches from an authority position with the support of religion and Cultural popularity. To prove this, by an approach of critical discourse analysis of Fairclough, we review the odes of Sa’di in Bustan. Discourse analysis is done in three levels of description, interpretation and explanation and a scrutiny of verbal choices of Sa’di and an explanation of the social conditions of that period is given Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Voting Algorithm Based on Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System for Fault Tolerant Systems
Masoumeh Pourhasan Abbas Karimi -
Open Access Article
338 - An Efficient Three-Stage Yield Optimization Technique for Analog Circuits Using Evolutionary Algorithms
Abbas Yaseri Mohammad Hossein Maghami Mehdi Radmehr -
Open Access Article
339 - A Full Adder Cell Based on MOSFET Technology to apply in Arithmetic circuits
Mokhtar Mohammadi Ghanatghestani Fatemeh Mohammadi Ghanatghestani -
Open Access Article
340 - Evaluate and Leveling Sensitive Sites Indexes in the Planning of Passive Defenses of Country Villages (Case Study: Border Villages of Ardebil Province)
Lotfallah Maleki Bahram Imani Ghasem Fathi Delavar MasoumiPassive defense means reducing vulnerability during a crisis, without using military action, and is using of unmilitary active and managical and technical. Live and Sustainable vocation and human activities depend on security in all dimensions of any society, natural an MorePassive defense means reducing vulnerability during a crisis, without using military action, and is using of unmilitary active and managical and technical. Live and Sustainable vocation and human activities depend on security in all dimensions of any society, natural and human hazards, always threaten the life, and urban and village infrastructures. Particularly in the village border of country is serious injuries probable in extreme environments Crisis times are like war. Therefore, rural protection is vital for reducing the potential damage caused by the dangers of war with method of passive defense. By reviewing the subject literature based on the natural hazard model - geographical location - human risks and demographic - geographical location - natural hazards models 16 sub-criteria were identified in terms of four main factors. These factors and sub-criteria were ranked by survey of 60 experts, university professors and experts with use of the fuzzy hierarchy process analysis. During the review of existing literature it became clear that, given the novelty of the subject, no internal or external study identified this number of criteria. The results of the research show that when considering the factors affecting the critical location in the planning of non-operational defenses of the border villages of Ardebil province, the factors of natural, human, demographic and human hazards should be considered respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - Assessing and analyzing the vulnerability of urban fabrics from the perspective of passive defense with emphasis on distribution pattern of vital land uses (Case Study: Mahabad City)
Mostafa Mirabadi Sadegh BesharatifarIntroduction: One of the principles of passive defense which needs to be paid attention when utilized in critical and sensitive uses is the distribution and deployment of such uses, therefore is to keep and observe appropriate distances and boundaries and also the proxi MoreIntroduction: One of the principles of passive defense which needs to be paid attention when utilized in critical and sensitive uses is the distribution and deployment of such uses, therefore is to keep and observe appropriate distances and boundaries and also the proximity to other significant uses. Purpose of the research: Explaining the distribution pattern of vital land uses and identifying vulnerable urban tissues is the main purpose of this study.Methodology: The presented study has been done with descriptive-analytical methodology for the city of Mahabad (2020). The used data in the study are quantitative (shape files) and in order to measure the density of the distribution of the uses and also their distribution pattern in Mahabad (which are the aims of the study), ArcGIS software’s spatial statistics techniques have been used intensely.Geographical area of research: The study area of this research is the city of Mahabad, which is located in the south of West Azerbaijan province.Findings and Discussion: The results show that the distribution pattern of the critical faculties is a clustered pattern in a way that the most of these facilities are observed in the central and western parts of the city. Also, the geometric and geographical center is located in the central part and extends northeast to southwest. In other words, the deployment of support and management centers in the central part and major military centers in the western part of the city has caused such a distribution pattern. Therefore the tissues located in these parts have the most vulnerability. In addition, the results from the calculations of the radius of vulnerabilities of critical land uses revealed the fact that 78 thousand people, roughly equal to %53 of the total population and also 887 hectares, equal to %37 of the total area of the city are located in the vulnerability zone center (Elliptical Standard Deviation). This zone which includes the central neighborhoods and the initial and worn out core of the city has a high density of population comparing to the other urban neighborhoods, hence comprises a large part of the urban population. Conclusion: The issue of vulnerability and safety against accidents and military conflicts in the city of Mahabad is very serious. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - Study of social and cultural factors related to the tendency of female students to critical thinking with emphasis on cultural capital
jamileh Fehresti Mansour HaghighatianThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the tendency of students of female students of Farhangian University in the city of Bondar Abbas to critical thinking with an emphasis on cultural capital. The dependent variable is the tendency to critical think MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the tendency of students of female students of Farhangian University in the city of Bondar Abbas to critical thinking with an emphasis on cultural capital. The dependent variable is the tendency to critical thinking and independent variables, age, field of study, years of university education, socio-economic base, trust in the content of social networks and cultural capital. The statistical population of this study is all female students of the University of Cultural Sciences in Bandar Abbas who were studying at the center of Fatemeh Al-Zahra campus in Bandar Abbas. 405 students of the sample of 120 people were selected and tested according to Morgan's table. The instrument for measuring the Critical Thinking Questionnaire (2003) and the Bourdieu Cultural Capital Questionnaire. The results of statistical analysis by using the SPSS software showed that students scored a moderate score from the tendency toward critical thinking. The research hypotheses were measured using Eta and Pearson correlation coefficients. Based on the results of the research, there is a weak correlation between the variables, age, years of university education and the tendency to think critically. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that independent variables such as age, socioeconomic status, predictive basis of critical thinking were not studied in the studied population. Among the independent variables of the variables of cultural capital and objective capital as one of the components of cultural capital, a positive predictor of critical thinking was the tendency toward critical thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - مروری انتقادی بر نظریه های رفتار زیست محیطی پایدار
امیرحسین پیرمرادی فرحناز رستمی عبدالحمید پاپ زنتصمیم گیری در مورد چگونگی تولید محصولات کشاورزی به دلیل پیچیدگی ماهیت تعامل بین فرآیندهای طبیعی و انسانی، به عنوان رکن اصلی سیستم های کشاورزی ، پیچیده تر می شود. پیش بینی رفتار سیستم های کشاورزی در مورد مسائل پایداری بسیار مهم است. از آنجا که کشاورزی یک فعالیت انسانی اس Moreتصمیم گیری در مورد چگونگی تولید محصولات کشاورزی به دلیل پیچیدگی ماهیت تعامل بین فرآیندهای طبیعی و انسانی، به عنوان رکن اصلی سیستم های کشاورزی ، پیچیده تر می شود. پیش بینی رفتار سیستم های کشاورزی در مورد مسائل پایداری بسیار مهم است. از آنجا که کشاورزی یک فعالیت انسانی است و به بازیگران اصلی آن وابسته است ، رفتار کشاورزان باید بررسی شود، تا مشخص شود که تا چه حد فعالیت های آنها با اصول کشاورزی پایدار سازگار است. این مطالعه بر اساس روش تحقیق اسنادی است که با استفاده از یک مرور سیستماتیک ادبیات انجام شده است. بنابراین ، هدف اصلی در این مقاله بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل نظریه های رفتار حامی محیط زیست از نظر نقاط قوت و ضعف آنها در طی یک بازه زمانی از 1975-2016 بوده است. نقاط قوت و ضعف هر نظریه پس از معرفی هر نظریه به ویژه با جزئیات در جدول (1) شرح داده شد. از سوی دیگر ، مقایسه بین نظریه ها بر اساس هفت شاخص در جدول (2) نشان داده شده است. حدود 14 نظریه برای دستیابی به نظریه های تصمیم گیری مبتنی بر عامل که شامل بازخورد سیستم است، بررسی شده است. نتایج نشان داد که نظریه های تلفیقی مبتنی بر عامل، مناسب تر و کامل تر از سایر نظریه های شناسایی شده برای مطالعه و پیش بینی رفتار کشاورزان تشخیص داده شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Effectiveness of Crop Advisory Services in Aurangabad District of Maharashtra in India
Bhaskar Pant Alpa Rathi Anshul RathiThe project was undertaken to study the evaluation of effectiveness of crop advisory services and suggested measures for filling the gap in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra in India. The survey was carried out in 2010. The data was collected with the help of a specifi MoreThe project was undertaken to study the evaluation of effectiveness of crop advisory services and suggested measures for filling the gap in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra in India. The survey was carried out in 2010. The data was collected with the help of a specifically designed and pre-tested questionnaire. The project carried out in catchment area of advisory services has given substantial insight on the current status of different dimensions of advisory services running in Aurangabad and also recommends strategies to make advisory services accessible to all. The farmer’s willingness to pay assumes a key role in determining the success of a cost-recovery strategy. During the study it was interesting to note that of all the 115 respondents 46.67% agreed that their critical need was supply of inputs followed by credit purchase on which the advisory services provider should focus. The dissemination channels were not utilized properly. The results of correlation study indicate that the recommendations by the advisory services and the results after advise have a positive correlation with increase in yield showing the effectiveness of these crop advisory services. The results of multivariate regression indicated that the cropping and harvesting method, credit access, input supply linkage, insurance, age, education and interaction with other farmers have the main role in showing the variations of attitude to adoption of the advisory services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Analysis of the roles of strategic human resource management in knowledge-based companies of the country and identifying its critical points
Omid Ali Niknam ali tayyebi rahani Nader Sheikhul Islam Jamshid Salehi SedkianiContext and purpose: Less attention has been paid to the role of human resources as a strategic partner in the country's organizations and the existing harms in strategic management roles. The purpose of this research is to analyze the roles of strategic human resource MoreContext and purpose: Less attention has been paid to the role of human resources as a strategic partner in the country's organizations and the existing harms in strategic management roles. The purpose of this research is to analyze the roles of strategic human resource management in the knowledge-based companies of the country and to identify the critical points of these roles.Research method: This exploratory-applied research was done in a mixed way. In the qualitative section, a group of 15 experts familiar with the subject were consulted. The quantitative part included 230 experts and human resource managers in knowledge-based companies in the country. Also, average analysis method and importance-severity matrix formation were used to identify vulnerable points.Findings: In this research, after studying the existing models and using the existing literature, 16 roles of strategic human resources management were identified and confirmed by experts. Then, the most important critical point in achieving the roles of strategic human resource management was defined as human resource retention.Conclusion: Considering that the issue of maintaining human resources is one of the critical points and basic challenges of knowledge-based companies in playing a strategic role, the need to maintain efficient and committed human resources is of great importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - A Review of the Evolutionary Process of Sustainable Development Models with a Critical Approach
Hassan MoghimIn general, conceptual models are used to express and depict the concept of sustainability, and in recent years, various models have been presented by researchers and analysts in this field to express and show the concept of sustainable development. In this research, wh MoreIn general, conceptual models are used to express and depict the concept of sustainability, and in recent years, various models have been presented by researchers and analysts in this field to express and show the concept of sustainable development. In this research, which is a type of review and library research, an attempt has been made to examine and analyze the evolutionary process of sustainable development models and the contents expressed around sustainable development models. For this purpose, a number of more than 50 articles in the theoretical field of sustainable development and its models were examined and explored, among which 39 best articles based on content and content were used as sources and references. By expressing the evolution of sustainable development models over time, this research has presented a single collection in the form of a review article with a critical approach including capabilities, capacities, strengths and weaknesses of sustainable development models that have been proposed at the global level. The results of this research show that the lack of independence of the three dimensions, ignoring the time dimension, and paying less attention to the environmental dimension are among the main problems of the existing models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - A DMAIC approach for process capability improvement an engine crankshaft manufacturing process
G. V. S. S. Sharma P. Srinivasa Rao -
Open Access Article
348 - Analysis of critical drivers affecting implementation of agent technology in a manufacturing system
Om Ji Shukla Abhijeet Joshi Gunjan Soni Rajesh Kumar -
Open Access Article
349 - Prioritizing critical success factors for reverse logistics implementation using fuzzy-TOPSIS methodology
Saurabh Agrawal Rajesh K. Singh Qasim Murtaza -
Open Access Article
350 - Process capability improvement through DMAIC for aluminum alloy wheel machining
G. V. S . S. Sharma P. Srinivasa Rao B. Surendra Babu -
Open Access Article
351 - A new heuristic method based on CPM in SALBP
M Fathi A Jahan M.K Ariffin N Ismail -
Open Access Article
352 - Maintenance management decision model for preventive maintenance strategy on production equipment
R Ahmad S Kamaruddin I Azid I Almanar -
Open Access Article
353 - Analysis of the relationship between the understanding of the dimensions of the nature of science and the tendency to think critically among the students of Tabriz city
Narges Pourtaleb Sakine Pourtaleb Zeinab Shahri Behnaz MousavianAlenjaghObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between understanding the nature of science and its dimensions with the tendency to critical thinking among students in Tabriz in 1398.Methodology: The present study is analytical-correlational. The stat MoreObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between understanding the nature of science and its dimensions with the tendency to critical thinking among students in Tabriz in 1398.Methodology: The present study is analytical-correlational. The statistical sample consisted of 262 mathematics and experimental students in Tabriz who were selected by cluster sampling. Data collection tools were two critical questionnaires of Ritex (2003) and the questionnaire of the nature of science، Roba and Anderson (1978).Results: Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The research findings showed that there is no significant difference between students of mathematics and experimental departments in terms of critical thinking and the nature of science. Also، Pearson correlation test showed: among the components of the dimensions of the nature of science and its relationship with critical thinking، three components (commitment، creativity and integration) have a significant relationship with critical thinking; But the other 3 components (recommendation، simplicity and measurement) do not have a significant relationship.Conclusion: The result of the regression analysis also showed that out of 6 components of the dimensions of scientific nature، only the component of creativity explains about 5% of the variance of critical thinking. Considering the findings of this study، planners and officials in their educational programs should pay more attention to critical thinking skills and understanding the nature of science Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Critical Discourse Analysis of the Political Novel, “Unsecured Existence”
Mostafa Gorji Hassan Abniki -
Open Access Article
355 - A Critical Reading of Neoliberalism from the Perspective of David Harvey
Seyed Ebrahim Alavi جلال درخشه hasan majidiBy discrediting the Keynesian versions, it gave way to return to the fundamental principles of liberalism and spurred economists who wanted to revive liberalism. Friedrich von Hayek played a special role in this way. Milton Friedman, the American economist of the Chicag MoreBy discrediting the Keynesian versions, it gave way to return to the fundamental principles of liberalism and spurred economists who wanted to revive liberalism. Friedrich von Hayek played a special role in this way. Milton Friedman, the American economist of the Chicago school, accompanied Hayek on this path. Unlike Keynes, both of them believed in reducing the role of the government in the economy and evaluated the market-oriented economy as the only way to achieve political and economic freedom. After some time, neoliberalism inspired by the theories of Hayek and Friedman was criticized by the opponents. As the critics of economic globalization see neoliberalism as responsible for the creation of a world that has brought a minority to fabulous wealth and has plunged a large part of human society into misery; And they think that neoliberalism shows itself all over the world with components such as the difficulty of living, the intensification of the class gap, the intensification of exploitation, etc. trends such as the class division of education and the deprivation of many people from health. As one of the most prominent critics of neoliberalism, David Harvey tried to show the important differences between liberal and neoliberal policies. He introduces neoliberalism as a deviant path to free employers, governments, and capitalists from the constraints on which liberalism was formed. Harvey emphasizes that neoliberalism is a political project that was keyed by the capitalist class in the late 60s and early 70s to curb the power of the working class, at a time when it felt strongly threatened by this class both politically and economically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - A New Approach to Public Policy Studies Relying on the Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis Studies the State as a Discourse
Mostafa Entezari Heravi Mojtaba Maghsoodi -
Open Access Article
357 - Analysis of Ahmadinejad Government's Foreign Policy According to the Critical Theory of International Relations
Mohammad Ali Tavana Tooraj Rahmani Hamed Eslami -
Open Access Article
358 - Presenting a Perception Model of Policy Making in Iran Education, by Fourmulating Educational Policies Based on Critical Sociological Thinking Approach
Ali Falakpour Garineh keshishyan -
Open Access Article
359 - A Critical Review on the Reproduction of Dominance and Gender Discrimination Relations in the Textbooks of Iran's Educational System
ShakibaSadat Hashemian Saeed Gazerani AliAsghar Davoudi -
Open Access Article
360 - Study of Political Behaviors and Hypocritical Behaviors through Spirituality
fatemeh hoseni omid safari hadis ghasemyan aslThe main purpose of this research was to test the conceptual model between political behaviors and hypocritical behaviors with the mediation of spirituality in secondary school teachers of Mamsani city. In terms of nature and content, the research method was a correlati MoreThe main purpose of this research was to test the conceptual model between political behaviors and hypocritical behaviors with the mediation of spirituality in secondary school teachers of Mamsani city. In terms of nature and content, the research method was a correlational descriptive research. The statistical population of this research was all 284 secondary school teachers in Mamsani city, of which 284 were selected as a sample using Morgan's table and simple random sampling method. The tools of data collection were standard questionnaires of hypocritical behaviors (Danaei Fard et al.; 2013), Dobrin's political behaviors (1978) and Hall Edwards spirituality (1986). Inferential statistical methods of Pearson's correlation coefficient, regression analysis and path analysis were used in SPSS21 and PLS statistical software. The results of this research showed that there is a significant relationship between political behaviors and hypocritical behaviors through spirituality and the results of the research show He said that the conceptual model of political behaviors with hypocritical behaviors through spirituality and strategic thinking has a suitable fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Providing a conceptual model for identifying Critical Success Factors(CSFs) affecting Financial Information System user’s attitude(Case Study: Iranian Central Oil Fields Company)
Ehsan AbediDue to the increasing importance of Financial Information Systems and the critical actions taken by companies in order to offer electronic financial services in Iran and also according to the increasing number of companies using Financial Information Systems services, i MoreDue to the increasing importance of Financial Information Systems and the critical actions taken by companies in order to offer electronic financial services in Iran and also according to the increasing number of companies using Financial Information Systems services, it is essential for managers to understand users better. Only through this comprehension they are able to develop strategies and tactics to attract and sustain their users. In this study we have investigated the influential factors in Financial Information System user’s attitude. Electronic questionnaires were applied for data gathering through a case study of Iranian Central Oil Fields Company users. According to research findings and conclusions it is suggested to apply different marketing strategies for different age groups, provide users with the opportunity of using financial services electronically and achieving good experiences, and present information and training focusing on Financial Information Systems benefits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Seismic Reliability Evaluation of the Jacket Structure of an Offshore Platform Based on Nonlinear Time History Analyses
M Hosseini S Karimiyan -
Open Access Article
363 - Investigating the Influence of Filter Uniformity Coefficient and Effective Pore Size on Critical Hydraulic Gradient and Maximum Erosion of Dispersive and Non-dispersive Samples
J Bazargan H.R Eskandari -
Open Access Article
364 - کارکرد زبان استعاری در شکل دادن به متون سیاسی بر اساس چارچوب کووسس: دیدگاه CDA
Somayeh Jafarnezhad Bahloul Salmani Hossein Sadegh Oghliاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی نقش زبان مجازی در شکلدهی متون سیاسی بر اساس چارچوب مدرن پیشنهادی کووکسس انجام شد. مجموعه پژوهش شامل 30 هزار کلمه است که به عنوان نمونه متن انتخاب شده تا منبع حوزه مفهومی مورد استفاده را مشاهده کند. این مقاله از طریق نمونهگیری تصادفی سیستماتیک ا Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی نقش زبان مجازی در شکلدهی متون سیاسی بر اساس چارچوب مدرن پیشنهادی کووکسس انجام شد. مجموعه پژوهش شامل 30 هزار کلمه است که به عنوان نمونه متن انتخاب شده تا منبع حوزه مفهومی مورد استفاده را مشاهده کند. این مقاله از طریق نمونهگیری تصادفی سیستماتیک از مقالات مختلف سرمقاله مجلات سیاسی غرب در رابطه با روابط ایران و غرب در دوره زمانی 2019-2010 تهیه شده است. تحلیل استعاره انتقادی (CMA) برای مشخص کردن الگوها در مقالات سیاسی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت، که معمولاً از تحقیقات قبلی توسط شخصیتهای معتبر در تحلیل استعارهای انتقادی و سیاسی پشتیبانی میکرد که استعارهها برای شکلدهی به تفکر سیاسی، کمک به اقناع سیاسی، و در جهت دادن به شرایط و مدلهای شناختی استفاده میشوند. برای شکل دادن به تعبیر ملت به عنوان یک شخص یا استعاره بدن. در نهایت، این مطالعه از یافتههای متنی استعارههای مفهومی مورد استفاده پشتیبانی میکند. یافتههای این مطالعه، مفاهیم متعددی را برای تحقیقات آینده در اختیار کلاسهای درس زبان انگلیسی قرار میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - تأثیر آموزش راهبردی گفتار کنش های درخواست و عذرخواهی بر رشد زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی «عملکرد عمل گرایانه و تفکر انتقادی»
Parisa Bazaei بهرام مولایی Massood Yazdanimoghaddamاز آنجایی که درخواست در شرایط نابرابری رخ می دهد، گوینده باید همیشه اصول ادب را بدون توجه به موضوع درخواست خود رعایت کند. این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر آموزش راهبردی کنش های گفتاری درخواست و عذرخواهی بر رشد عملکرد عملگرایانه و تفکر انتقادی زبان آموزان ایرانی پرداخته است. بر Moreاز آنجایی که درخواست در شرایط نابرابری رخ می دهد، گوینده باید همیشه اصول ادب را بدون توجه به موضوع درخواست خود رعایت کند. این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر آموزش راهبردی کنش های گفتاری درخواست و عذرخواهی بر رشد عملکرد عملگرایانه و تفکر انتقادی زبان آموزان ایرانی پرداخته است. بر اساس ماهیت درمان، تصمیم گرفته شد شرکتکنندگانی انتخاب شوند که قبل از مطالعه به اندازه کافی در انستیتوی زبان قرار نگرفته بودند. برای این منظور، قبل از انجام یک آزمون انگلیسی آکسفورد (OPT)، انتظار میرفت افرادی که امتیازشان بین یک انحراف استاندارد (+1SD) بالاتر از میانگین و یک انحراف استاندارد (-1SD) زیر میانگین قرار میگیرد، به عنوان برش انتخاب شوند. معیار در نهایت، 80 نفر از 114 زبان آموز ایرانی مرد و زن انگلیسی از شش کلاس زبان در سطح متوسط انتخاب شدند. سپس به طور تصادفی به دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل (20 مرد و 20 زن برای هر گروه) تقسیم شدند. یک طرح ترکیبی استفاده شد. داده های کیفی جمع آوری شده از طریق مصاحبه برای مثلث بندی داده های کمی جمع آوری شده استفاده شد. دادهها توسط دو ارزیاب آموزشدیده متخصص در زبانشناسی کاربردی برای شناسایی اثربخشی آموزش استراتژی کنشهای گفتاری درخواستی و عذرخواهی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. داده ها در نرم افزار SPSS کلید خوردند. 22. یافتهها نشان داد که آموزش استراتژی عمل گفتاری درخواستی بر رشد عملکرد عملگرایانه زبان آموزان ایرانی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری دارد. بین تفکر انتقادی و عملکرد عملگرایانه رابطه معناداری یافت شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - اثرمفهوم سازی و تحلیل متن به عنوان راهکارهای تفکر انتقادی بر درک مطلب فراگیرندگان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی سطح متوسط با لحاظ جنسیت: الگوی تفکر انتقادی الدر و پل
سرور پروین نژاد Valeh Valipour رامین رحیمینقش راهکارهای مختلف تفکر انتقادی در خواندن متن منجر به مطالعات قابل توجهی شده است. این مطالعه ترکیبی با هدف بررسی تأثیرات راهکارهای تحلیل و مفهومسازی تفکر انتقادی پیشنهاد شده توسط الدر و پل (2009)، بر مهارتهای درک مطلب، و همچنین بررسی ادراک زبانآموزان زبان انگلیسی در Moreنقش راهکارهای مختلف تفکر انتقادی در خواندن متن منجر به مطالعات قابل توجهی شده است. این مطالعه ترکیبی با هدف بررسی تأثیرات راهکارهای تحلیل و مفهومسازی تفکر انتقادی پیشنهاد شده توسط الدر و پل (2009)، بر مهارتهای درک مطلب، و همچنین بررسی ادراک زبانآموزان زبان انگلیسی در سطح متوسط با توجه به جنسیت انجام شده است. بدین منظور 60 زبان آموز مونث ومذکر در محدوده سنی 25 تا 38 سال از مجموع 120 زبان آموز با استفاده از آزمون کمبریج C2 (CPE) در مؤسسه پویندگان چالوس انتخاب شدند. سپس بهطور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایشی برای استفاده از راهکار مفهومسازی، دو گروه آزمایشی برای اجرای راهکار تحلیل متن و دو گروه شاهد برای دریافت روش مرسوم آموزش درک مطلب در مؤسسه قرار گرفتند. سپس آزمون استعداد تحصیلی (SAT) به عنوان پیش آزمون قبل از آموزش هشت هفته ای اجرا شد. پس از استفاده از شیوه های پیشنهادی، پسآزمون همراه با مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با 12 فراگیر منتخب اجرا شد. داده های کمی با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه و آزمون تی جفتی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که اجرای متغیر مستقل تأثیر معنیداری بر بهبود درک مطلب داشتند. نتایج کیفی همچنین نشان داد که فراگیران دیدگاه های مثبتی نسبت به آموزش راهکارهای تفکر انتقادی اتخاذ کردند. با این حال، جنسیت نقش مهمی در استفاده از راهکارهای تفکر انتقادی در درک مطلب نداشت. پیامدهای مطالعه در پایان مقاله مورد بحث قرار گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Manipulation of Ideology in Translation of Political Texts: A Criti-cal Discourse Analysis Perspective
Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz Leila Alimadadi Zonoozi -
Open Access Article
368 - Critical Thinking Ability and Vocabulary Learning Strategy Use: The Case of EFL Learners in an ESL Context
Noushin Boroushaki Ng Lee-Luan -
Open Access Article
369 - Manipulation As an Ideological Tool in the Persian Translations of Ervand Abrahamian’s The Coup: A Multimodal CDA Approach
Mehdi Bazyar Zahra Soltani Hossein Talebzadeh -
Open Access Article
370 - Prediction of English Language Proficiency Level Using Multiple Intelligences Theory and Critical Thinking Skills
Zahra Shahrabi Sayyed Mohammad Alavi -
Open Access Article
371 - Concept Revision of Age, Motivation, and Error Correction in Second Language Learning
Hamid Beyrami -
Open Access Article
372 - The Role of Metaphorical Language in the Critical Discourse Analysis of Western Political Texts
Ali Akbar Farahani Zohreh Adeli Jam -
Open Access Article
373 - Does teaching critical thinking affect students’ L2 attitudes?
Mansoor Fahim Hossein Askari -
Open Access Article
374 - The Relation between Critical Thinking and Translation Quality
Ahmad Mohseni Adnan Satariyan -
Open Access Article
375 - Investigating the Relationship among Gender, Critical Thinking and Meta-Cognitive Awareness Listening Strategies
Bahram Mowlaie Azar Einy Samarein -
Open Access Article
376 - The Study of Ideological Manipulation in Persian Translations of Noam Chomsky’s Media Control Based on Farahzad’s Translation Criticism Model
Shokoufeh Amiri Abdollah Baradaran -
Open Access Article
377 - Comedy, Context and Unsaid Meaning: A Case Study in Conversational Implicature
Saber Khakipour -
Open Access Article
378 - Investigating Ideological Manipulation in Subtitling Based on Farahzad’s CDA Model: A Case Study of The Salesman
Golnaz Borumad Mina Zandrahimi Zeinab Mahdavi -
Open Access Article
379 - Lexical Translation in Movies: A Comparative Analysis of Persian Dubs and Subtitles through CDA
Saber Noie Fariba Jafarpour -
Open Access Article
380 - The Effect of the Translation Technologies on the Critical Thinking of the Students of the Translation Studies
Forouzan Dehbashi Sharif Fatemeh Salehi -
Open Access Article
381 - بررسی عملکرد اجتماعی ترجمه های فارسی "دختری که رهایش کردی" از طریق راهبردهای واژگان و دستوری مترجمان
Zeinab Zargari Ali Rabiپژوهش حاضر با هدف روشن کردن تفاوتهای عملکرد اجتماعی ترجمه های فارسی دختری که رهایش کردی نوشته ی جوجو مویز (2012) با متن اصلی به زبان انگلیسی بر اساس مدل ( Fairclough 1995) است. در همین راستا، از طریق تجزیه و تحلیل دقیق متون مبدا و مقصد، نمونه های انگلیسی عملکرد اجتماعی Moreپژوهش حاضر با هدف روشن کردن تفاوتهای عملکرد اجتماعی ترجمه های فارسی دختری که رهایش کردی نوشته ی جوجو مویز (2012) با متن اصلی به زبان انگلیسی بر اساس مدل ( Fairclough 1995) است. در همین راستا، از طریق تجزیه و تحلیل دقیق متون مبدا و مقصد، نمونه های انگلیسی عملکرد اجتماعی به همراه معادل فارسی آنها به عنوان تحقیق به منظور بررسی تفاوتهای بین ویژگیهای گرامری و لغوی عملکرد اجتماعی انتخاب شدند. عملکردهای اجتماعی انگلیسی و فارسی مطابق چارچوب( Fairclough 1995) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که مترجمان با اعمال ایدئولوژی های خود از طریق اعمال گزینه های گرامری و واژگانی خود که منجر به دستکاری ایدئولوژیکی در ترجمه ها شده اند، عملکردهای اجتماعی متون مقصد را دستکاری می کنند. و همچنین نتایج نشان داد که خلق خودمختار بیشترین استراتژی مشاهده شده است که می توان آن را به عنوان گرایش مشترک مترجمان به توسل به خلق معادل آن تفسیر کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - The Impact of Implementing Critical Appraisal on EFL Teachers' Quantitative Research Literacy
Alireza Zaker Mania Nosratinia Parviz Birjandi Massood Yazdanimoghaddam -
Open Access Article
383 - The Comparative Study of a Story in Masnavi Manavi Based on Norman Fairclough's Approach
Zahrā IranmaneshMasnavi Manavi has benefited from the previous mystical and literary works. Based on Norman Fairclough's method of critical discourse analysis, in the present article, the story "how a certain Sheikh showed no grief at the death of his sons" from Masnavi Manavi, Persian MoreMasnavi Manavi has benefited from the previous mystical and literary works. Based on Norman Fairclough's method of critical discourse analysis, in the present article, the story "how a certain Sheikh showed no grief at the death of his sons" from Masnavi Manavi, Persian translation of Risāla Qushayriyya and Attār's Tazkirat-al-Auliyā are examined. In the three works, mystical status has been described. In the story of Masnavi Manavi, the dominant discourse is "the mystic who has united with God", in Risāla Qushayriyya, it is "the station of satisfaction" and in Tazkirat-al-Auliyā, it is "submission". In these anecdotes, the mystical concerns are prominent. So, these topics have been considered: certitude, spiritual power of holy man, real sympathy, attention to the Real (God), power and authority. By synthesizing the dominant discourses of mysticism, in the form of a pre-existing genre, Jalāl al-Din Rūmi, Attār Neishapouri, Abul-Ghāsem Qushairi have re-created a spiritual narrative. The three above mentioned works, as communicative events, are not just a reflection of their authors' thoughts, but they create a special discourse by criticizing materialistic practices and temporary and affluent affections. These works have succeeded in challenging mystical features and strengthening mystical discourse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - Critical Discourse Analysis in the Story of “How Hamza Came to Battle without a Coat of Mail” Based on Norman Fairclough's Theory
Roghayeh Mousavi Alimohammad PoshtdārCritical discourse analysis is an approach that focuses on social, cultural and religious representations to interpret discourses and actions. Based on Norman Fairclough's theory, in the present article, the story of "How Hamza, may God be well-pleased with him, came to MoreCritical discourse analysis is an approach that focuses on social, cultural and religious representations to interpret discourses and actions. Based on Norman Fairclough's theory, in the present article, the story of "How Hamza, may God be well-pleased with him, came to battle without a coat of mail" form book 3 of Masnavi Manavi is described in three stages of description, interpretation and explanation. The purpose of the paper is to clarify the formal and semantic structure of the narrator's speech and the generator of discourse by using descriptive-analytical method. It is through this way that the dominance of the narrator over the audience as well as his discursive interaction in the form of preaching are known. The results show that Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, relying on Qur'an and the religious and moral teachings and using firm and emphasizing sentences, forms a special discourse that its deep-structure is "voluntary death and the worthlessness of worldly life". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - Collaborative learnhng and critical thinking
Zahra HosseiniThe present research studied the effects of collaborative learning on critical thinking. An experimental and a witness group, each composed of 30 female mathematics students, were administered Critical Thinking Test (OCR, 2000). Next, the experimental group was taught a MoreThe present research studied the effects of collaborative learning on critical thinking. An experimental and a witness group, each composed of 30 female mathematics students, were administered Critical Thinking Test (OCR, 2000). Next, the experimental group was taught a course using the method of collaborative learning. The witness group was taught the same course using the method of lecturing. The results of MANCOVA showed that the experimental group outperformed the witness group in three subscales of critical thinking namely, critical analysis, credibility of evidence and critical evaluation. The way collaborative learning affects critical thinking skills is discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - The extraction and identification of compounds in sea urchin (Echinodermata mathaei) with Supercritical Fluid Extraction
T. Naji M. Ghomi S. Bagheri ZiariThe existing compounds in a species of sea urchin (Echinodermata mathaei) were identified. The study area was in sub-tidal waters of Bandar- e - lengeh within the geographic east longitude 54° 53.312 and north latitude 26° 32.739. Random sampling took the full t MoreThe existing compounds in a species of sea urchin (Echinodermata mathaei) were identified. The study area was in sub-tidal waters of Bandar- e - lengeh within the geographic east longitude 54° 53.312 and north latitude 26° 32.739. Random sampling took the full tide by diver. In order to identify the components of this organism, five sea urchins with an average length of about 8.5±1 cm and a width of 7±1 cm and a weight of 66.680±10 grams were evaluated. After preparation, samples were extracted by supercritical fluid (Model Suprex MPS/225 Manufacturing Co. America Pittsburgh) and identified by gas chromatography (Model 5890 Manufacturing Co. Hewlett Packard) coupled with mass spectroscopy (Model 5970 Manufacturing Co. Hewlett Packard). Compounds identified in this sea urchin with SFE method under optimal conditions were: 2.85% n-Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 1.9% Octadecanoic acid, 3.03% Cyclo propanenonanoic acid, 77.4% Cholesterol, 6.45% Ergosta-5, 22-dien-3-ol, 5.15% Fucosterol. Among these compounds, fucosterol and n-Hexadecanoic acid had antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties respectively. Also Ergosta-5; 22-dien-3-ol had the germination properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - Critical Discourse Analysis in the Poetry of Seyed Hassan Hosseini Safarnameh Khaizaran on Fairclough Discourse Analysis Theory
marzieh hosseini rokn abadi reza fahimi manijeh fallahiDiscourse is a type of language application in a specific field and the study of social and cultural developments affecting the language structure. According to Fairclough, discourse analysis is the integration of text and society with the structure of language. Discour MoreDiscourse is a type of language application in a specific field and the study of social and cultural developments affecting the language structure. According to Fairclough, discourse analysis is the integration of text and society with the structure of language. Discourses are different representations of social life that place social actors in different situations and represent social life in different ways to creatively create a regular world through everyday methods. The analysis of each discourse has three perspectives;Analyzing the forms and structures of syntax that represent the author's point of view, the use of literary arts that is a big step in the personalization of language, and the analysis of the nature of literary speech that is a great way of communication in the service of society. Hosseini connects the melodious words to the symbol of zeal and the anti-tyranny nation and removes the objective veils from this great event. In his Ashura poem "Safarnameh Khaizran", he depicts the oppressed martyrdom of Alamdar of Karbala with an epic and strong tone in the form of Nimai's poetry. The upcoming research with descriptive and Analytical metod looking for answer to this question that what is the use of language and discourse in this poem? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - Analyzing the anthropological roots of ecological criticism
mehdi khosravi Maryam Mahmoodi parisa davariFollowing the rise of modernism and the serious damages to nature as the habitat of humans and the danger of its destruction, researchers in the field of literature introduced ecological criticism as a new science. In this research, using anthropological theories, it is MoreFollowing the rise of modernism and the serious damages to nature as the habitat of humans and the danger of its destruction, researchers in the field of literature introduced ecological criticism as a new science. In this research, using anthropological theories, it is pointed out the explanation of the two great forces of fear and love in man, which shapes his positions in relation to life and death and determines his actions. Also, the difference in the approach towards nature in the days of matriarchy and patriarchy and the modern era has been investigated. In this article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical way, an attempt has been made to investigate the root of damage to nature, which has caused the formation of ecological criticism. Components such as fear of nature, animism of nature, the existence and presence of matrilineal system, and finally modernity, each of which has determined the why and how of relationship and behavior at a particular time, and of course the role and relations of power in this influence and impression are also significant. The research results show Animistic thinking and maternal way of life lead to human efforts to criticize natureWith the decline of matriarchy, nature and women are equally degraded. The process of devaluing nature leads to abuse and destruction of the earth with the advent of modernism. Man, considers himself the measure and standard of morality and valuation and gives himself the right to benefit from all facilities and of course nature with It faces irreparable destruction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Examining the letter Number 21 of Farahani's “Monshaat” Based on the Experimental Function of Language in the Role-Oriented Approach of Halidi
-- -- mohammadali gozashti -- --Critical Discourse Analysis emphasizes the principle that the language of literary texts, like other texts, serves communication and can be analyzed critically. In this article, Roger Fowler's theory in critical discourse analysis is selected and based on that, by looki MoreCritical Discourse Analysis emphasizes the principle that the language of literary texts, like other texts, serves communication and can be analyzed critically. In this article, Roger Fowler's theory in critical discourse analysis is selected and based on that, by looking at the context of the situation, the necessary knowledge has been obtained about the interaction in the text as well as the influence of the actors of the discourse. Also, the functions of the text have been studied from thought, interpersonal and textual perspectives.Theorists in the field of critical discourse analysis, including Norman Fairclough, Theon E. VanDyke, and Roger Fowler, have used Halliday's role theory as a tool for text analysis. This theory provides a tool for the researcher to find the ideology that governs the text and the ways that the speaker chooses to convey his thoughts, and it happens with the help of intellectual, interpersonal and textual roles at the level of language. The 21st letter of Monshath Qaim Maqam Farahani is a political letter written by Fath Ali-Shah Qajar to the Russian Tsar. Considering the cultural and political situation of the Qajar era and the social classifications regarding the position of the writer and the receiver, this letter is arranged from the lower position to the higher position, and among the communicative roles of language, the persuasive role of language prevails in its textual structure. According to the world view that governs the letter, the religious point of view is the most prominent manifestation and the main participant of the discourse in this letter of the king, whose way of naming shows the dominance of his power and ideology in this work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - Interpretive Approach to Sensitive Epistemological Elements in Iranian Developmental Developments
Behrouz Aghazadeh Hossein Abolhassan Tanhaei Alieh shekarbeagiExplanation has a pivotal role in science and scientific research, based on theoretical sociological imagination, in epistemological area A, and in the light of paradigmatic assumptions. One of the most important levels of developmental development that has been overloo MoreExplanation has a pivotal role in science and scientific research, based on theoretical sociological imagination, in epistemological area A, and in the light of paradigmatic assumptions. One of the most important levels of developmental development that has been overlooked in social and cultural research in Iran is the social epistemological levels that have been shaped by the research process steps. From the researcher-made breakdown of Iran's developmental issues into two theoretical and pragmatic levels, the present study has investigated its theoretical levels through a documentary, conceptual and logical approach, and through elemental analysis technique. Based on the results, one of the important steps at the theoretical level is the elemental separation of research components and elements. Based on exploratory studies, three types of important elements have been identified in epistemological studies of developmental developments: paradigmatic sensitive elements, epistemological sensitive elements, and historical sensitive elements. Since the research needed to be matched, it was necessary for the conceptualized elements to have a general, transactional character. Thus, in drawing on the conceptual model and paradigm of research, by referring to the semantic roots of concepts rather than to their paradigmatic and paradigmatic elements, the elements of humanity, secularity, liberality, rationality, and individuality, based on empirical evidence, Conceptualization is underway. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - The Optimum Aim for Science in John Watkins's Philosophy of Science
Naser Afzalifar Ali HaghiThe pride of the scientific community from the earliest times, has repeatedly been mentioned about their research and their results because of their rationality. But why does the scientific community insist on claiming the rationality of its research? Does this insist o MoreThe pride of the scientific community from the earliest times, has repeatedly been mentioned about their research and their results because of their rationality. But why does the scientific community insist on claiming the rationality of its research? Does this insist on their research method? Or is there any significant advancement in science and technology and the problems of humanity and its justification?Scientific rationality is constructed from a set of conditions, claims, methods, and research purposes of the scientific community, which explains the nature and structure of scientific advances; as Newton-Smith states: "Each scientific rational model must at least two things Logically and substantiated; one is the goal of science and the other is the set of principles that we need to evaluate competing theories (Newton-Smith, 1981: 4)In this paper, we aim to provide an emphasis on scientific rationality by evaluating the science of science in John Watkins's philosophy of science, and providing an equitable basis for scientific excellence and providing the necessary conditions for achieving the optimal aim of science and the methods of selecting competing theories in John Watkins's philosophy of science Evaluated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - A comparative study of the degree of adaptation and actions of the ideas of Ian Barbour's theory of "critical fact originality" with a methodical scientific interpretation centered on the view of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli
سید عبدالله اصفهانیScientific interpretation that experiences its perfection in the age of postmodernism, in addition to specific methodology and valid criteria, in proportion to the development of human knowledge, especially in the field of philosophy of science, needs to explain the act MoreScientific interpretation that experiences its perfection in the age of postmodernism, in addition to specific methodology and valid criteria, in proportion to the development of human knowledge, especially in the field of philosophy of science, needs to explain the actions of the most influential new views of philosophy of science on the principles and rules of this interpretation. Is.The achievement of the article, which is written in descriptive, analytical, critical and comparative methods, after critically examining Barbour's theory of "critical realism" with the focus on Ayatollah Javadi's views, explains the nature of his actions and the degree of compatibility of his theory with the principles and rules of scientific interpretation.Limiting the principle of causality to the phenomena of nature; The precedence of empirical knowledge over religious knowledge; Equality of methodology of science with religion; That no "final theory" can be considered the "ultimate truth" and that the ultimate truth of nothing can be understood; Skepticism and sophistry as a logical consequence of the "relativity of understanding"; These are views of Barbour that are inconsistent with the philosophy of religion and the foundations of the scientific interpretation of the Qur'an; However, his efforts to de-escalate the tension between science and religion, which paved the way for the unity of science and religion in the West, are compatible with the interests of religion and the Qur'anic teachings. The Qur'an is permissible to cite empirically convincing propositions to the Qur'an in the form of "probable citations." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - Philosophy for Children: the Growth of Analytical Thinking
مهران فرج الهی سیده مریم مصطفویThe present article tries to analyze a new approach to education and its related issues especially educating analytical thinking to children and adolescents which is included in the field of philosophical education for children. Improving the level of thinking is one of MoreThe present article tries to analyze a new approach to education and its related issues especially educating analytical thinking to children and adolescents which is included in the field of philosophical education for children. Improving the level of thinking is one of the most important issues in education inasmuch as one could properly distinguish between right and wrong and be able to think about what happens around his/her environment and analyze them correctly. This article firstly explains the reason why we choose "analytical thinking" rather than "critical thinking" and then mentions the elements of analytical thinking. Appling these elements (principles) could lead to an educational environment for cultivating analytical thinking that finally help children and adolescents to develop their power of thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - Critics of the epistemology of future studies, emphasizing on the rationality of the strategic foresight
Moslem Shirvani Naghani Mohammad Rahim EivaziRapid changing, the enhance of uncertainty and the complicated environmental conditions in the present century led to avoiding taken-for-granted linear change in planning and decision-making in various parameters and tending to use futures studies in different levels an MoreRapid changing, the enhance of uncertainty and the complicated environmental conditions in the present century led to avoiding taken-for-granted linear change in planning and decision-making in various parameters and tending to use futures studies in different levels and areas instead. However, studies related to the future were always faced the cognitive challenges. In this study, the theory of Wendell Bell in cognitive futures studies, as one of the most famous theories in the area, was critically investigated. Then, the rationality of strategic foresight as a pragmatic approach to the future studies was analyzed. IN other words, the rationality of proposition that extracted from the future study by strategic foresight approach was investigated. Besides recognizing the most influential weaknesses of his theory, the findings of the research revealed that “the problem-solving”, “accuracy in predicting”, “balance between issues”, “simplicity”, “expansion”, and “compatibility” along with “being value-oriented” are criteria which introduce strategic foresight as a rational and wise approach which can significantly help long-term studies related to the future. Hence, to develop and apply the strategic foresight, the suggestions are provided for the academic researchers, industrial, and administered authorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - Critical Realism, Dual Exit from Positivism and Hermeneutic
Akbar Ashrafi ALi Fallahi SayfoddinAbstract In contrast to natural science that have contain few methodological controversies, human science is dominated by unrewarding disputes among various and contrasting views; Affording rival answers by positivism and hermeneutics (as two main traditions in philoso MoreAbstract In contrast to natural science that have contain few methodological controversies, human science is dominated by unrewarding disputes among various and contrasting views; Affording rival answers by positivism and hermeneutics (as two main traditions in philosophy of social science) to the question that “to what extent can society be studied in the same way as nature?”, form the main dimension of these disputes. Positivists believe sciences are unified in their concordance with positivist principles, while hermeneutics has posited a cleavage in method between the natural and social sciences. Number of new traditions such as Critical Realism argues for Synthesis that overcomes this controversy. This paper attempts to explain critical realism as much as possible. So the main question to be dealt with in the present research is: could critical realism give a synthesis that brings together main aspects of positivism and hermeneutics? Here in order to give appropriate answer to this question we start this research by looking briefly at positivism and hermeneutics and then move on to outline accounts of critical realism especially its bonds with natural and social science. Key words: Critical realism, Structure, Agency, Depth ontology, Interaction, Transformational model of social action Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - Explaining Russia's Foreign Policy Approaches toward Iran Nuclear Dossier from Critical Geopolitics Perspective
HAMED SHAHBAZI Ardeshir SanaeiThe present study seeks to answer the question from the perspective of Critical Geopolitics how Russia's approaches towards Iran's nuclear dossier can be explained as a permanent member of the Security Council, a signatory of the JCPOA, and of course a mediator. Practic MoreThe present study seeks to answer the question from the perspective of Critical Geopolitics how Russia's approaches towards Iran's nuclear dossier can be explained as a permanent member of the Security Council, a signatory of the JCPOA, and of course a mediator. Practical geopolitics, as one of the four research areas of critical geopolitics, will provide an answer to why Russia's foreign policy is pragmatic and "multivector". The findings of the study explain the oscillations of Russia's foreign policy towards Tehran with a focus on multivectorism, opportunism, and pragmatism, and while recognizing geopolitical and economic considerations in the foundations of Russia's foreign policy, it argues that these approaches still have limitations in explaining some aspects of Russia's foreign policy decisions and actions due to their materialistic foundations. In fact, Russia, with the role of a mediator, while trying to keep Iran in its orbit, also takes advantage of the nuclear dossier of Iran in regulating its relations with the West. The method of descriptive-analytical research and the method of data collection is library. In this regard, books, articles, documents, internet resources, and comments of experts and relevant authorities have been used to collect data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - Islamic Republic of Iran's Foreign Policy with the European Union in the Last Three Decades
Kamran Tarami Iraj MoradiAs a major political player on the global stage and a chief trading partner, the European Union (EU) has always occupied a prominent place in Islamic Iran's foreign relations. Bilateral ties, however, have always been strained fluctuating between bad and worse. This art MoreAs a major political player on the global stage and a chief trading partner, the European Union (EU) has always occupied a prominent place in Islamic Iran's foreign relations. Bilateral ties, however, have always been strained fluctuating between bad and worse. This article examines Iranian-EU relations since the revolution in Iran with the aim of identifying the factors in Iranian foreign policy that have contributed to estrangement and variations that have characterized Iran-EU ties. It argues that whenever the governments in Tehran have adopted a radical foreign policy, relations have deteriorated and at times when they have pursued a pragmatist line tensions have eased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - Selection of Appropriate Estimation Methods of Range Conditions (Case Study: Kabirkooh Rangelands of Zagros, Iran)
Freidoon Soleimani Parviz Karami Nosrat Safaian -
Open Access Article
399 - Sociological Analysis of Accounting Theories
Zahra Madahi Reza Gholami Jamkarani Majid Zakjirdat Hassan KheiriAbstract Due to the existence of various paradigms and theories in accounting and the lack of a clear classification of accounting theories, as well as the lack of a complete and well-defined framework of accounting theories in terms of sociological paradigms, we decid MoreAbstract Due to the existence of various paradigms and theories in accounting and the lack of a clear classification of accounting theories, as well as the lack of a complete and well-defined framework of accounting theories in terms of sociological paradigms, we decided to take accounting theories into a broader sociological context. Communicate them. To achieve this goal, we used the content analysis method. In this way, first, by examining sociological schools and theories, the three main paradigms of positivism, interpretative and criticism were identified and the components that were the characteristics of these paradigms were extracted and categorized from the themes, and then the outputs were approved by professors. Sociology and then accounting theories and various theories using the method of extracting books and texts and articles extracted and sociological components in the context of accounting theories are searched and analyzed and at the end of accounting theories according to The extracted themes and their analytical codes are classified and analyzed and interpreted based on the obtained results.The results of thematic analysis placed accounting theories in three main categories of sociological, positivist, interpretive and critical paradigms. According to the research results, most accounting theories are in the category of interpretive theories. This shows the effective role of people related to these theories, including accountants, managers and investors, etc. There is also the issue of paradigmatic sputum among some accounting theories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - Voltage Imbalance Compensation for Droop-Controlled Inverters in Islanded Microgrid
Amin Ranjabaran Mahmoud Ebadian Mohammad Sadegh Ghazizadeh -
Open Access Article
401 - Considering budget limits in the time-cost-quality trade-off problem And determination of the most economical combination of crashing the time of activities In Critical Path methods networks (CPM)
Ehsaneh Nazari nosratollah shadnoush Tahmoores SohrabiNowadays, one of the most important issues that projects-based companies need in order to better manage project portfolios and financial planning is managing project costs. In project cost management, using a set of techniques and principles for project and financial co MoreNowadays, one of the most important issues that projects-based companies need in order to better manage project portfolios and financial planning is managing project costs. In project cost management, using a set of techniques and principles for project and financial control, it is possible to examine the financial performance of each project in terms of its actual operating cost (actual cost) compared to the estimated cost for the work performed and the corrective solutions to reduce costs And put it under control.Since reducing the duration of activities by allocating more resources to each activity is possible but requires higher costs for the implementation of those activities, it should be noted that the hasty pursuit of activities can lead to a decrease in its quality level Therefore, in the process of compressing the time of activities, in addition to the cost index, the activity quality index should also be considered. In this paper, a mathematical model for project cost management based on the critical path method approach is presented. Considering a specific figure under the project budget ceiling, two goals are to minimize the total cost of the project (the classical model) and aim to maximize the quality of the activities, simultaneously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - Pattern design of data foundation of code of ethics for independent auditors based on a critical perspective in the view of professionals
Mohammad Karimabadi Zohreh Hajiha Hossein Jahangirnia Reza Gholami Jamkarani Abstract Introduction: The basis of many auditors' functions and activities in their behavior and values should be searched, that’s why attention to professional behavior and its consequences is the most basic research topics in organizational areas. The More Abstract Introduction: The basis of many auditors' functions and activities in their behavior and values should be searched, that’s why attention to professional behavior and its consequences is the most basic research topics in organizational areas. The aim of this research is Identifying pattern of Code of Ethics for Independent auditors based on a critical perspective in the view of professionals. Method: This research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) that the qualitative part was conducted by the qualitative method of Grounded Theory. Seventeen elites of audit were selected by snowball sampling and Semi-structured interview were conducted to collect data. Data analysis method by Grounded theory was performed and 170 auditors in the quantitative section were selected as a statistical sample. Data analysis in the qualitative section to analyze qualitative data using documents and interview was performed by Grounded theory. In the quantitative section descriptive and inferential statistical methods and spss19 software were used. Findings: By doing open coding, axial and selective the central category of this research criteria and indicators of auditors' professional conduct was called and In the dimension of environmental factors economic and competitive indicators, In the dimension of organizational factors Indicators of corporate governance, organizational culture and ethical leadership, In the dimension of individual value factors Indicators of religious values and moral values, In the dimension of social factors social Responsibility Indicator, In the dimension of Individual factors the Indicators Honesty Accountant, Accountant Confidentiality and accountant neutrality were identified. Conclusion: The professional behavior of independent auditors in accounting is not a repulsive phenomenon, it requires the formation of some conditions and the implementation of some strategies; which leads to tangible consequences; which guides the person in making the right choice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - Existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for a class of semilinear elliptic system with nonlinear boundary conditions
F. M. Yaghoobi J. Shamshiri -
Open Access Article
404 - A variational approach to quasilinear elliptic systems with critical Hardy-Sobolev and sign-changing function exponents
A. Akhavan -
Open Access Article
405 - On some curvature functionals over homogeneous Siklos space-times
A. Zaeim M. Jafari R. Kafimoosavi -
Open Access Article
406 - ON QUASILINEAR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS INVOLVING MULTIPLE CRITICAL EXPONENTS
Nemat Nyamoradi Mohsen Shekarbaigi -
Open Access Article
407 - Characteristics of Critical Literacy Curriculum with Emergent Approach for the High School Students
Seyedeh Zahra Baghbanian , Mostafa Ghaderi Majid Ali AsgariThe aim of this research is to review of the characteristics of critical literacy curriculum within the approach of emergent curriculum for high school students from curriculum experts’ point of view. The research method was qualitative based on grounded theory. T MoreThe aim of this research is to review of the characteristics of critical literacy curriculum within the approach of emergent curriculum for high school students from curriculum experts’ point of view. The research method was qualitative based on grounded theory. The research population consisted of curriculum experts who were faculty members at state and private universities in Tehran. The sampling was purposeful which continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. A total of 13 individuals participated in this study. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview. The data analysis was based on open, axial and selective coding as prescribed by Strauss and Corbin. Findings indicated that the characteristics of the emergent approach like being non-linear, life-related, conscious and creative, practical and active corresponded with the critical literacy curriculum. As a result, the critical literacy curriculum based on the intellectual interactions of teachers and students, is a constructive approach to involve them in making decisions related to analysis of unfair power relations in economic, political, social and cultural structures for reform, so that it brings about spiritual construction by strengthening criticism and self-evaluation, and socially, transmission of cultural and national values by accepting and respecting the ideological, ethnic and racial differences of other nations, including peaceful coexistence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - A Comparative Study of Students’ Academic Progress based on the Type of Educational levels and Admitted Quota
mojtaba moazzami Majid EbrahimiHigher education has always faced problems and limitations in instruction and research and realization of its goals have greatly depended on students’ academic progress. Thus, the present study looked for a comparative study of students’ academic progress ba MoreHigher education has always faced problems and limitations in instruction and research and realization of its goals have greatly depended on students’ academic progress. Thus, the present study looked for a comparative study of students’ academic progress based on educational levels and admitted quota. To this end, a sample was drawn from the population of conditioned associate and bachelor students of the first semester in academic year 2018-2019 at Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch. Data collection instrument was the questionnaire of critical thinking which is known as writing test of critical thinking. In order to analyze the data, inferential statistics of t-test and analysis of variance were conducted via SPSS 25. The results indicated that teaching of critical thinking without the effect of quota and levels has a positive impact on critical thinking and academic progress. The findings provide evidence for the significant and independent role of critical thinking instruction in teaching, learning and academic progress of higher education students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - Evaluation of non-Linear regression models to predict jointing rate of wheat cultivars in response to temperature and Photoperiod
محمد حسن پناهی افشین سلطانی ابراهیم زینلی مهدی کلاته عربی علیرضا نه بندانیAccurate prediction of phenological development is important in the wheat)Triticum aestivum(. An important parameters on phenology can be suggest temperature and photoperiod. This study was conducted with 12 sowing dates to quantify response of jointing rate (JOR) to te MoreAccurate prediction of phenological development is important in the wheat)Triticum aestivum(. An important parameters on phenology can be suggest temperature and photoperiod. This study was conducted with 12 sowing dates to quantify response of jointing rate (JOR) to temperature and photoperiod in wheat cultivars. The regression models fitted to JOR against temperature were beta, dent-like and segmented function. Meanwhile, quadratic, negative exponential and segmented models fitted to JOR against photoperiod (these models were used as 9 combined models to describe JOR as a function of photothermal day). The results showed that beta- quaradic function was the best model to describe JOR as a function of both temperature and photoperiod. Using this function, the base, optimum and ceiling temperatures were estimated 4.5, 27.3 and 40 ₒC respectively. Critical photoperiod and photoperiod sensitivity coefficient were estimated 20.02 to 22.69 hour and 0.0109 to 0.0475 respectively. Also biological day for cultivars between emergence to jointing with the beta- quaratic function examin between 25.2 to 31.9 days.The results of this study can be used in crop simulation models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - Evaluation of yield, yield components and nitrate leaching in soybean cultivation affected by different types of fertilizers and weed interference
Mahmood Ramroudi Javad Mahmoudi Mehdi Dahmarde Mohammad GalaviAmong the several factors reducing plants yield, weed interference has great important. To investigate the effect of fertilizer types and weeds management on yield, yield components and nitrate leaching in soybean an experiment was conducted as split plots in randomized MoreAmong the several factors reducing plants yield, weed interference has great important. To investigate the effect of fertilizer types and weeds management on yield, yield components and nitrate leaching in soybean an experiment was conducted as split plots in randomized complete block design with three replications in Chalus city in summer of 2013 and 2014. Fertilizers types including chemical fertilizer, manure and nano-chelates spraying as the main plot and weed control in three levels including emergence to flowering, critical period of weed interference and no weeding were considered as sub-plots. The results showed that yield with weeding during the critical period as well as weeding until flowering was achieved in a statistical group and were significantly more than non-control treatment. The highest weeds dry weight was obtained in gweed infested treatment and increasing in weed control time caused their weight loss. Among the fertilizer treatments, the highest dry weed weight was observed by chemical fertilizer application. Maximum nitrate concentration at a soil depth of 80-100 cm were obtained by using chemical fertilizer. Weeds dry weight increased and the nitrate concentration decreased when the weeds control duration was reduced. In general, the results showed that weed control during the critical period increased the grain yield by increasing the yield components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - A numerical study of supercritical water oxidation of phenol
Majid Bazargan Maryam Akbari -
Open Access Article
412 - The Effect of Intercritical Annealing Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Cast Steel
Majid Abbasi Amene VahidianIn this research, a steel specimen with the new chemical compositions of 0.3 C, 2.5 Si, 1.8 Mn, and 0.5 Cr (wt. percent) was cast. Intercritical annealing (IA) heat treatment was performed at three temperatures(i.e., 825, 850, 875°C) on these samples in 26 minutes t MoreIn this research, a steel specimen with the new chemical compositions of 0.3 C, 2.5 Si, 1.8 Mn, and 0.5 Cr (wt. percent) was cast. Intercritical annealing (IA) heat treatment was performed at three temperatures(i.e., 825, 850, 875°C) on these samples in 26 minutes to achieve the dual-phase steel. To determine the effect of intercritical annealing (IA) temperature, optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microstructures were studied, as well as mechanical properties via hardness, micro-hardness, and tensile testing. The results indicated that intercritical annealing temperature increased, martensite volume, hardness, and yield strength increased. Also, the tensile strength initially increased and then decreased. However, the sample intercritical annealed at 850°C showed maximum tensile strength (1532 MPa), and the sample intercritical annealed at 825°C showed maximum elongation (18.52 %), and strength–elongation balance (UTS×UE). This dual-phase steel showed two stages of hardening, with the increase of martensite, the slope of the second stage decreased, and the strain at the beginning of the second stage of hardening was transferred to lower strains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - Studying the Role of Warning Fantasies in Gaining the Identity and Critical Thinkingof Children with Emphasis on Bruno Bettelheim 's Ideas
Sayed Fahimah Ghayyum Nia Bijan Zahiri Nav Mohammad Reza Shad ManamanAbstract The warning fantasy is of the fantasies which presents the most fundamental problems of human society in an imaginative mold. This kind of fantasy gives information about one of the most important aspects of child's e MoreAbstract The warning fantasy is of the fantasies which presents the most fundamental problems of human society in an imaginative mold. This kind of fantasy gives information about one of the most important aspects of child's existence; that's, his own identity and the others in the layers of narrative story. We have investigated, in this article, the methods of finding the identity, critical thinking, and the recognition of oneself and the other in an analytic – descriptive way. We have concentrated on " children need the story " from Bruno Bettelheim to attain a better perception of the child and juvenile's mentality and mental structure. Our investigation showed that most studied fantasy stories emphasize on the preservation of the environment, altruism, finding identity as speculation. The writers of these works enumerate the difficulties and disasters of the story characters to their readers in an indirect way; and without pretending being teachers. They transfer their recommendations in a fantasy mold to their readers. On the other hand, the most significant type of thinking is the instructive thinking. The most important restitution of this kind of thinking is creativity which is an important phenomenon and valuable in the child development and must have a special stance in the life of a child. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - A Comparative Study of Irony in the Works of Sanaei and Attar
Mohammad Ali Jahani Ghadi Reza Fahmi Abbas Ali Vafaei Malek Mohammad FarrokhzadAbstract Irony which has specialized lots of prose works to itself, is a part of critical literature; it is a protest to the wrong doings and disorganizations of the society. It is in fact the sense of accepting the responsibi MoreAbstract Irony which has specialized lots of prose works to itself, is a part of critical literature; it is a protest to the wrong doings and disorganizations of the society. It is in fact the sense of accepting the responsibility in the intelligent, sensitive and committed people. We are to study, in this research, the irony and its common themes and the crafts which Sanaei and Attar have used in their works, and show the subjects such as protest to poverty, hypocrisy, and pretence of suffis and snobs, selfishness in the mold of mysticism together with superstition and absurd ideas. Then we dealt with statistic analysis and the irony used in Sanaei and Attar's works and concluded that both mystic poets used irony as an important cultural and social device to increase the community's awareness and punish and cure the ignorant and naïve people with the magic of their maxim and savvy words. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - A Critical Discourse in the Story of " Abshooran " from Ali Darwishian Based on Norman Fair Clough's Theory
Azizeh Najafi Khodaverdi Abbas Zadeh leila adlparvarAbstract Norman Clough is on the thinkers who has posed the critical discourse theory to criticize the capitalistic society and recognize its cultural and social development in the literary context, specifically na MoreAbstract Norman Clough is on the thinkers who has posed the critical discourse theory to criticize the capitalistic society and recognize its cultural and social development in the literary context, specifically narrative literature. In the frame of this discourse, he emphasized on the relation of power and ideology in the three levels of description, interpretation and exposition. We have tried, in this paper, to deal with the story of Abshooran from Ali Darwishian with the library method and in the descriptive-analytical system, based on the theory of Norman Fair Clough. Darwishian has described the huggermugger situation caused by poverty in the poverty-stricken neighborhood – Abshooran. The results of the studying show: description, in the first level, in which he has used emotion and literary and at the same time negative and colloquial language, irony and short indicative sentences to explain his ideology: vocabulary which embody the meaning . In the level of interpretation, by creating presumptions in the similar situation and , the different spectra of discourse are tangible. In the level of exposition which includes the most important phenomena of poverty, aggression, ignorance, illiteracy, lying, vandalism, abusing the rights of the children, theosophy, superstition; and beside them the emotional crises, contrasting the poverty and capitalism, combat and surrender, all of which have put the atmosphere of the story in a gloomy state Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - بررسی بار بحرانی کمانش ورق ترک دار به دو روش تجربی و عددی
دانیال شیخی محمدمهدی نجفی زاده علیرضا نظام آبادیفروپاشی در اثر کمانش یک پدیده ی کاملاً معمول در ورق های تحت فشار است. هنگامی که این سازه ها بر اثر گذر زمان دچار نقص هائی همچون خوردگی و ترک می گردد نسبت به وقوع این پدیده حساس می گردد و بار بحرانی آن به میزان قابل توجهی کاهش پیدا می کند. از این رو در این مقاله ورق هایی Moreفروپاشی در اثر کمانش یک پدیده ی کاملاً معمول در ورق های تحت فشار است. هنگامی که این سازه ها بر اثر گذر زمان دچار نقص هائی همچون خوردگی و ترک می گردد نسبت به وقوع این پدیده حساس می گردد و بار بحرانی آن به میزان قابل توجهی کاهش پیدا می کند. از این رو در این مقاله ورق هایی از جنس آلومینیوم Al 1200 با ترک هایی در قسمتی از ورق در نظر گرفته می شود. اثر زاویه ی ترک بر روی بار بحرانی کمانش به دو صورت آزمایشگاهی و تئوری محاسبه می شود. آزمایشها با استفاده از دستگاه STM-250 وتحلیل های تئوری با استفاده از نرم افزار آباکوس صورت می گیرد و در نهایت نتایج تئوری و آزمایشگاهی با یکدیگر مقایسه می شوند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - پیش بینی عمر خستگی نمونه های ناچ دار با استفاده از معیارهای خستگی چندمحوری
فیروز اسماعیلی گلدرق سجاد برزگر محمدی علیرضا بابائی امیر افکاردر این تحقیق، اثر شکل ناچ بر روی عمر خستگی نمونه­های ناچدار از جنس آلیاژ آلومینیوم 2024-T3 به صورت تجربی و همچنین با استفاده از تحلیل خستگی چندمحوری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور، چهار نوع نمونه آزمایش با شکل ناچ مختلف تهیه گردیده و در دستگاه تس Moreدر این تحقیق، اثر شکل ناچ بر روی عمر خستگی نمونه­های ناچدار از جنس آلیاژ آلومینیوم 2024-T3 به صورت تجربی و همچنین با استفاده از تحلیل خستگی چندمحوری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور، چهار نوع نمونه آزمایش با شکل ناچ مختلف تهیه گردیده و در دستگاه تست خستگی برای بارهای کششی مختلف آزمایش گردیدند. تستهای خستگی به صورت بار کنترل و در دستگاه سرو هیدرولیکAmsler HA250 با فرکانس 10 هرتز انجام گرفته است. علاوه بر بدست آوردن عمر نمونه­ها به روش تجربی، در قسمت عددی این تحقیق از کد اجزا محدود غیرخطی ANSYS برای بدست آوردن توزیع تنش و کرنش در نمونه­های مورد بررسی، در اثر اعمال بارگذاری کششی استفاده شده است. در نهایت برای پیش­بینی عمر خستگی نمونه­ها، از چندین معیار خستگی چندمحوری شامل معیارهایSWT، KBM، گلینکا، FS، کراسلند، VF و WY با استفاده از توزیع تنش و کرنش بدست آمده از تحلیل غیر خطی اجزا محدود استفاده گردیده است. نتایج بدست آمده از تحلیل خستگی چندمحوری مشخص کرد که از بین معیارهای استفاده شده در این تحقیق، معیار کراسلند بیشترین دقت را برای تمامی نمونه­ها دارا می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - ارائه یک مدل کرنش پایه بهبود یافته برای محاسبه عمر خستگی چندمحوری فلزات
رحمتا... قاجار صفا پیمان جواد علیزاده کاکلرقطعات و سازههای مهندسی در بسیاری از موارد تحت بارگذاریهای سیکلی قرار گرفته و دچار خستگی چندمحوری میشوند. در زمینه محاسبه عمر خستگی در حالت چندمحوری، معیارها و مدلهای زیادی با قابلیتهای متفاوت ارائه شده­اند. انتخاب مدل برای محاسبه عمر خستگی چندمحوری با توجه به ج Moreقطعات و سازههای مهندسی در بسیاری از موارد تحت بارگذاریهای سیکلی قرار گرفته و دچار خستگی چندمحوری میشوند. در زمینه محاسبه عمر خستگی در حالت چندمحوری، معیارها و مدلهای زیادی با قابلیتهای متفاوت ارائه شده­اند. انتخاب مدل برای محاسبه عمر خستگی چندمحوری با توجه به جنس، نوع بارگذاری و شرایط عملکردی هر یک از سازههای مهندسی، یکی از چالشهای مطرح در فرایند محاسبه عمر است. در این مقاله، قابلیت چند معیار کرنش پایه مهم برای محاسبه عمر خستگی چندمحوری مورد بررسی، مقایسه و ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. سپس بر اساس شناخت مزیتها و ضعف‏های معیارهای مورد بررسی، یک معیار صفحه بحرانی بهبودیافته، مناسب برای انواع بارگذاری‏های متناسب و نامتناسب، شده است. برای این مطالعه از دادههای مربوط به آزمایش‏های واماندگی خستگی نمونههای فولادی NCM630 تحت بارگذاری‏های محوری-پیچشی استفاده شده است. این دادهها در قالب داده‏های مربوط به تنش، دامنه کرنش و عمر خستگی هستند. از قیاس نتایج تجربی و عمر محاسبه شده با استفاده از مدل بهبودیافته، قابلیت آن در تخمین عمر خستگی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - تحلیل کمانش الاستیک پوستههای مرکب با سطح مقطع بیضی تحت بار فشاری محوری
منصور درویزه ابوالفضل درویزه رضا انصاری الهام کاظمیدر این مقاله به بررسی کمانش الاستیک پوستههای مرکب با سطح مقطع بیضی با چیدمان صفر و نود درجه که تحت بار محوری فشاری هستند، پرداخته می­شود. روش حل بر مبنای اجزا محدود، براساس تئوری تغییر شکل برشی مرتبه اول اتخاذ شده است. یک المان هشت گرهای برای به دست آوردن رف Moreدر این مقاله به بررسی کمانش الاستیک پوستههای مرکب با سطح مقطع بیضی با چیدمان صفر و نود درجه که تحت بار محوری فشاری هستند، پرداخته می­شود. روش حل بر مبنای اجزا محدود، براساس تئوری تغییر شکل برشی مرتبه اول اتخاذ شده است. یک المان هشت گرهای برای به دست آوردن رفتار الاستیکی پوسته بیضوی در نظر گرفته شده است. کرنشها بر اساس جابهجاییها در مختصات محلی پوسته به دقت محاسبه شده و کار انجام شده توسط بار اعمالی به سازه، در نظر گرفته شده است. معادلات تعادل با استفاده از حداقل کردن انرژی پتانسیل به دست آمدهاند و با استفاده از روش صفر کردن دترمینان ماتریس سیستم، حل شدهاند. اثر تغییر پارامتر سطح مقطع بیضی (نسبت شعاع بزرگ به شعاع کوچک بیضی) بر روی بار کمانش بحرانی پوسته استوانه بیضوی بررسی شده است. نتایج مؤید این مطلب است که تغییر در پارامتر سطح مقطع بیضی میتواند به طور محسوسی بار کمانش بحرانی را تغییر دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - تحلیل واماندگی و آسیب خستگی یک میل موجگیر تحت آزمون خستگی
محمد شرعیات امیر گنجیدوستتئوریهای خستگی تا کنون بر روی نمونههای استوانهای تحت بارهای خمشی، کشش- فشاری یا پیچشی آزموده شدهاند. میدانهای تنش پدیده آمده در این نمونهها، عمدتاً یک یا دو بعدی بودهاند. میل موجگیر یا میله پادغلت، یکی از اجزای سیستم تعلیق خودرو است. میل موجگیر در عین داشتن مقط Moreتئوریهای خستگی تا کنون بر روی نمونههای استوانهای تحت بارهای خمشی، کشش- فشاری یا پیچشی آزموده شدهاند. میدانهای تنش پدیده آمده در این نمونهها، عمدتاً یک یا دو بعدی بودهاند. میل موجگیر یا میله پادغلت، یکی از اجزای سیستم تعلیق خودرو است. میل موجگیر در عین داشتن مقطع ساده دایرهای، به دلیل داشتن خمهای متعدد، متحمل میدان تنش سهبعدی است. این قطعه همواره تحت بارگذاری نوسانی خمشی و پیچشی قرار دارد و مهمترین عامل در شکست و تخریب آن پدیده خستگی است. در مقاله کنونی با استفاده از تحلیل اجزای محدود و کد کامپیوتری نوشته شده، به تحلیل خستگی و محاسبه میزان آسیب انباشته در این قطعه بر پایه تئوریهای معتبر اصلاح شده صفحه بحرانی، با قابلیت به کارگیری تنش چند محوره پرداخته شده و مقایسهای بین نتایج حاصل از این تئوریها با نتایج حاصل از کار تجربی و آزمون خستگی به کار گرفته شده صورت پذیرفته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - تحلیل کمانش پوسته استوانهای شیاردار تحت بار محوری
امین رحمت نژاد محمد مهدی نجفی زاده حمید محسنی منفرددر این مقاله کمانش پوسته­های استوانه­ای شیار دار تحت بار محوری به روش تئوری و آزمایشگاهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. پوسته ها از جنس فولاد با استاندارد (USA/API – X42 5L)در نظر گرفته شده­اند که یکی از پرکاربرد ترین مواد استفاده شده در صنایع گاز، نفت و پ Moreدر این مقاله کمانش پوسته­های استوانه­ای شیار دار تحت بار محوری به روش تئوری و آزمایشگاهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. پوسته ها از جنس فولاد با استاندارد (USA/API – X42 5L)در نظر گرفته شده­اند که یکی از پرکاربرد ترین مواد استفاده شده در صنایع گاز، نفت و پتروشیمی می باشند. اثر شیار مارپیچ برروی پوسته استوانه ای مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است و در ادامه نتایج به دست آمده از نرم افزار Abaqusبا نتایج آزمایشگاهی مقایسه گردیده اند. جوابهای تئوری و آزمایشگاهی تطابق مناسبی را نشان می­دهند. لذا می توان از نتایج عددی مشروط به مدل سازی و تحلیل صحیح به خوبی استفاده کرد. همچنین مشخص شد که تعداد شیار بر روی بار بحرانی کمانش نقش مهمی دارد به طوری که با افزایش شیار بار بحرانی کمانش کاهش پیدا می­کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - بررسی تأثیر پارامترهای هندسی سازه های مشبک استوانه ای کامپوزیتی در رفتار کمانشی
علی لطیفی رستمی رضا اکبری آلاشتی امین کلاه دوزسازه­های کامپوزیتی مشبک به دلیل نسبت مقاومت به وزن بالا به صورت گسترده­ای در صنایع هوا- فضا مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرند. شبکه ریب­های تقویت­شده ویژگی اصلی در این سازه­ها است. با توجه به این ویژگی، نسبت مقاومت به وزن سازه به عنوان معیار طراحی در نظ Moreسازه­های کامپوزیتی مشبک به دلیل نسبت مقاومت به وزن بالا به صورت گسترده­ای در صنایع هوا- فضا مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرند. شبکه ریب­های تقویت­شده ویژگی اصلی در این سازه­ها است. با توجه به این ویژگی، نسبت مقاومت به وزن سازه به عنوان معیار طراحی در نظر گرفته می­شود. در این پژوهش پارامترهایی از قبیل مشخصات فیزیکی ماده، ضخامت پوسته، زاویه، ضخامت و تعداد ریب روی توزیع میدان تنش و بار کمانشی پوسته مورد بررسی قرار می­گیرد. برای بررسی این تغییرات، روش تحلیل المان محدود 3 بعدی و با استفاده از مدل صریح در نرم­افزار ANSYS صورت پذیرفته و نتایج حاصل با نتایج تست­های تجربی مقایسه می­شود. افزایش ضخامت پوسته خارجی 50 درصد افزایش استحکام سازه را در پی دارد و پارامتر بعدی که مؤثر است کاهش زاویه ریب است که افزایش 30 درصدی بارویژه را بوجود می آورد. هرچند تقویت کننده ها (ریب ها) نقش اصلی در تحمل بار را دارند اما افزایش تعداد آنها چون افزایش وزن سازه را بدنبال دارد به نسبت دو پارامتر قبلی تأثیر چشمگیری در افزایش استحکام سازه ندارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - Developing a Resilience Model for SMEs in Crisis: A Mixed Method Approach
PEYMAN parvari Mahdieh Jalalpour Hosein Rahmanseresht Vahid NsehifarSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in time of crisis and environmental challenges present resilience as a behavior with the aim of improving performance and coherence. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for resilience of small and medium enterprises MoreSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in time of crisis and environmental challenges present resilience as a behavior with the aim of improving performance and coherence. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for resilience of small and medium enterprises in crisis situations. In this study, Covid-19 pandemic was considered as an example of crisis conditions. This study was conducted through a mixed approach. So, for data collection in the qualitative stage, semi-structured interviews were performed with 36 experts who have experience and knowledge in this field, and in the quantitative stage, a research questionnaire was distributed among 269 participants. Analysis of research data was performed by thematic analysis and structural equation modeling. The results identified the capabilities for resilience of SMEs in crisis situations, which consists of four levels: (1) Individual level includes individual empowerment and development of competencies, (2) The level of the organization, including marketing orientation, strategic orientation, preparation of infrastructure, strict financial system, reform of structures and processes and human resource management, (3) Industry level includes closer customer interactions, competitor monitoring and supplier management, (4) Institutional level, including public sector support and the establishment of supporting associations and community. The model obtained from this study shows that the creation of internal and external capacities and contexts leads to the continuation of SMEs in crisis situations and rapid response to adapt with emerging uncertainties and requirements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - Vision, a critical element of enterprise resource planning
mohsen rasoulianEnterprise resource planning systems as one of the tools that businesses use to seek competitive advantages in any organization, since the implementation of enterprise resource planning systems with high-risk, high cost and the implementation of the lengthy it is import MoreEnterprise resource planning systems as one of the tools that businesses use to seek competitive advantages in any organization, since the implementation of enterprise resource planning systems with high-risk, high cost and the implementation of the lengthy it is important and which are one of the more preferred. The purpose of this paper, after extraction of the key factors for the implementation of human resource planning initiatives and opinions of experts using analytic hierarchy to prioritize the expert choice of these factors with the help of software has been estimated. The results revealed that internal factors than external factors matter most. In addition, and through the internal factors such as senior management support, business outlook, culture, change management and project management factors are higher priorities. In this research, high light that vision is independent to employment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
425 - A Comparative Study of the Discourses of the Challenge of Tradition and Modernity in Iran and Turkey (Based on Famous Literary Novels)
zahra mahmodabadi saiid maadani YAGHOB MOSAVIThe main purpose of writing this article is a comparative study of the two novels of Kelidar and trilogy of Ince Memed (Ince Memed, My Hawk, They Burn the Thistles), The novel Kelidar and the trilogy of Ince Memed were written by Mahmoud Dolatabadi and Yashar Kamal at t MoreThe main purpose of writing this article is a comparative study of the two novels of Kelidar and trilogy of Ince Memed (Ince Memed, My Hawk, They Burn the Thistles), The novel Kelidar and the trilogy of Ince Memed were written by Mahmoud Dolatabadi and Yashar Kamal at the same time in Iran and Turkey. To achieve this goal, the question was raised that how are the effects of the modernization of rural society in Turkey and its consequences in the novel Ince Memed and the effects of modernization of rural society in Iran and its consequences in the novel Kelidar stated? To answer this question, based on the theoretical framework of tradition and modernity, based on Giddens's views, and with a qualitative method of critical discourse analysis, these two novels have been studied. In both novels, the landlord discourse is the dominant discourse. In both novels, we also encounter patriarchal discourse, both of which are among the traditional discourses. In Kelider's novel, we are confronted with the modern discourse of parties relying on the Tudeh Party. Reza Khan's reforms in Kelider's novel are more significant than Atatürk's reforms in Ince Memed trilogy, and the effects of modernization of society in Kelider's novel are more than the effects of modernization of society in Ince Memed trilogy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - The Critical Study of "American English File" Book
kolsoum yasamini ferdos aghagolzadehThe present research deals with critical discourse analysis of "American English File" book. The purpose of this study was to examine discoursal factors, ideological and cultural attitudes and the way of their representations in the mentioned book. For this purpose, it MoreThe present research deals with critical discourse analysis of "American English File" book. The purpose of this study was to examine discoursal factors, ideological and cultural attitudes and the way of their representations in the mentioned book. For this purpose, it has selected two texts of the book and some pictures. Discursive structures of these two texts have been investigated according to van Dijk (1998) framework. Also Kress and van leeuwen (1996) theory is used for analyzing of pictures. The results show that the book is full of discoursal factors such as lexical items, syntactic, semantic and functional structures as well as social components such as situational context, participants, social structures, power and the cognitive components of mental and context models, values, attitude systems and socio – cultural knowledge. The authors have arranged the discourse of this book by these discursive, social and cognitive components in the form of discursive structures in such a way that contains their purposes and ideologies such as description and study of social issues in western societies. It also represents national Knowledge and cultural Knowledge with representation of capitalist system and racism attitude. As a whole, the soft transition of West social and cultural values in this book has been represented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - Investigation Of The Requirement &Constraints Affecting Teleworking In Government Institutes; Case Study : Research Institutes of Minister of Roads and Urban Development
Farhad Ghaffari Ali Akbar Haddadi Harandi -
Open Access Article
428 - Thinking about death, in Qaiser Aminpour's poems
parisa salehiDeath can be considered the most important common issue among humans in all times, places and the only rival of life. Expressing the nature of death is a kind of representation of different people's attitude towards the nature of life. None of the poets have removed thi MoreDeath can be considered the most important common issue among humans in all times, places and the only rival of life. Expressing the nature of death is a kind of representation of different people's attitude towards the nature of life. None of the poets have removed this concern. Therefore, addressing the thoughts of writers and poets, in this regard, will be effective in better understanding and getting to know the intellectual and epistemological views of these poets. To achieve this goal, one should analyze the texts and poems of these poets. One of the methods of text analysis is critical discourse analysis. in which they discover the author's and poet's attitude towards his works. Since literature and society have a two-way relationship and the influence of contemporary poetry on society and the influence of contemporary literature in the formation of many socio-political developments has been proven. In this research, we aim to examine the influence of society on the poet's thought about death and its reflection in his works. Among the contemporary poets, Aminpour has expressed the important social and political issues of each period in his poetry explicitly and with appropriate tone, and this issue brings us into the realm of discourse analysis of his works. Accordingly, in this essay, by applying the level of explanation in the analysis of critical discourse, we seek to prove the ups and downs of the poet's death thoughts in his different poetic periods. It seems that his attitude towards death, which includes the outlook on life, has changed in different periods of his life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - The Effect of Explicit Strategy Training on EFL Learners’ Attitudes about Critical Thinking and Factors Affecting Its Successful Implementation
Parisa Bazaei Bahram Mowlaie Massood Yazdani MoghaddamThis study investigates the effect of strategy training on EFL learners’ attitudes regarding the concept and applicability of critical thinking in an educational context. To achieve this goal,80 EFL learners were selected using convenience sampling and homogenized based MoreThis study investigates the effect of strategy training on EFL learners’ attitudes regarding the concept and applicability of critical thinking in an educational context. To achieve this goal,80 EFL learners were selected using convenience sampling and homogenized based on the Oxford Placement Test.They completed a questionnaire adapted from Stupple et al.(2017) to assess their attitudes toward critical thinking,which served as the pre-test. Subsequently,the participants were divided into experimental and control groups.The experimental group underwent strategy training over10 sessions,during which various strategies were explained, and participants practiced using them to solve problems and exchange feedback.Additionally,they discussed the applicability and challenges associated with critical thinking in an educational context.The control group received mainstream instruction.After the treatment,both groups completed the same critical thinking questionnaire as the posttest.Furthermore,qualitative interviews were conducted with participants from the experimental group to gain an in-depth understanding. The data analysis revealed significant changes in the attitudes of the experimental group.Overall,this study follows a quasi-experimental explanatory sequential mixed-method design “In nature,the data analysis showed that,in general,the attitudes of the experimental group had changed significantly in the post-test compared to the control group.However,there was no significant difference in the attitude of the experimental and control groups regarding the applicability of strategy training for improving critical thinking and their ability to deploy critical thinking effectively.The results of the interviews and the comment section showed that teachers’ theoretical knowledge and willingness,EFL learners’ preparedness, and educational factors play important roles in the successful implementation of strategy training for developing critical thinking among EFL learners.” Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - A comparative study of critical thinking between deaf and normal student among high school grade second
Mohammadreza Norouzi Ferdos YadegariAbstract This study aimed to compare the critical thinking in normal and deaf students in high schools of Tehran .This method Ali - has been comparative study population consisted of all deaf students ( 130 ) and normal ( 17521 ) schools in Tehran that includes regions MoreAbstract This study aimed to compare the critical thinking in normal and deaf students in high schools of Tehran .This method Ali - has been comparative study population consisted of all deaf students ( 130 ) and normal ( 17521 ) schools in Tehran that includes regions ( 15,12,9,6,4,2 ) is. Select samples for all 130 deaf students and 376 students based on the normal muger, landeh using simple random sampling was selected. And to collect data in this study, a standard questionnaire was used. The results of questionnaires, using the SPSS statistical calculation t test was performed to determine Compare normal and deaf students. The methods used has been the Casual- comparison, And the statistical population included all deaf students (130) and normal students (17521) that includes regions (15, 12, 9, 6, 4, 2) in Tehran high schools. For selection Samples all 130 deaf students and 376 normal students based on Morgan Table. Was selected by simple random sampling. And to collect data in this study, and was used standard questionnaire. Descriptive findings indicated to 54.9 percent (278 students) boys and 45.1 percent of girl students (228 students). T-test results indicate that creativity and commitment as two components of critical thinking among normal and deaf students hasn’t significant difference. But maturity that the t-test scores equal to 34.2 and the significant level of .019. In other words, it can be said with 95% confidence that the difference between normal and deaf students is significant in terms of maturity. Also Whole critical thinking with test scores t=1.77 And the significant level of .07, Concluded that in normal and deaf students in critical thinking has little significant difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - The Relationship between Learning Cognitive Approaches and Big Five Personality Factors with Critical Thinking Attitude of Students in Tabriz University
Khalil Soltanalgorraie Parvaneh AlaieAbstract: This descriptive research was accomplished to study relationship between learning cognitive approaches and big five personality factors with critical thinking attitude of students. 345 undergraduate students of Tabriz University who were studying in the spring MoreAbstract: This descriptive research was accomplished to study relationship between learning cognitive approaches and big five personality factors with critical thinking attitude of students. 345 undergraduate students of Tabriz University who were studying in the spring semester of 2009 were chosen by the multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Kolb Learning Style Inventory, NEO-PI Inventory (60 item), California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory were administered. ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression statistical methods were used for analyzing data in SPSS 11.5 software. Abstract conceptualization cognitive approach (β=0.26) and three personality factors of Neuroticism (β=-0.74), Openness (β=1.03) and Conscientiousness (β=0.62) predicted 0.39 variance of critical thinking attitude (P<0.01). There were significant correlations between Extraversion (r=0.36), Openness (r=0.33), Conscientiousness (r=0.44), Agreeableness (r=0.30) and Neuroticism (r=-0.42) to critical thinking attitude (P<0.01). There were positive correlation between Neuroticism and concrete experience and reflective observation cognitive approaches (P<0.01, 0.05); This relationship was negative with active experimentation and abstract conceptualization cognitive approaches (P< 0.05). There was negative correlation between Extraversion and concrete experience (P<0.05); This relationship was positive with active experimentation approach (P< 0.01). There was negative correlation between Conscientiousness and reflective observation (p<0.05); This relationship was positive with active Experimentation (p<0.01). There was negative relation between Openness and active experimentation (P<0.05). Also, there was a relationship between learning styles and personality factors of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness (P< 0.01, 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Development and standardization of critical thinking skills assessment questionaire for elementary students
afshin adibmaneshThe purpose of this study is to constract and standardize students critical thinking skills assessment questionaire. The methodological approach that is used in this research mixed method and according to the purpose of the subject, the type of exploratory research is a MoreThe purpose of this study is to constract and standardize students critical thinking skills assessment questionaire. The methodological approach that is used in this research mixed method and according to the purpose of the subject, the type of exploratory research is a kind of tool development. This research is qualitative and quantitive quantization procedure. The combination data was quantitativey coupled to the data connection and weight was slightly higher than the stage. In the qualitative stage, for identifying the comonents of critical thinking and compiling tools from delphi technology and interviewing 6 experts. The small stage was a tool crated among 600, male and female student in kermanshah, who are studing at the fourth to sixth grade. To invistigat the factor structure of the questionare, we used r- software for exploratory factor analysis and lisrel 8.72 software is used for confirmatory factor analysis with random sample of 317people resulted in in seven factors that correlated with seven content factors and corrected 0/54 variance. The factor analysis the correlation between the factors, promax rotation was used. In the confirmatory factor analysis the exponetial estimation method was used with a population sample of of 283 people and a good fitness indexes were investigated. results of chi2 ratio on degree of freedom, RMSEA & SRMR accompanied with CFI & IFI point to good fit of model. In testing the psychometrics features, the amount of total chronbach alpha of 0.79 attained showing suitable validity. The test-retest cofficient of the questionare was 0/96 for 2 weeks, which shows the favorable reliability of questionnaire. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - The Effectiveness of Teaching Based on Eisenkraft's Seven-Stage Learning Cycle Pattern on Improving Self-Esteem and Critical Thinking Skills of Students
alireza mohammadi nezhad ganji MAHTAB SALIMI shahla farhadi varmarz abadiThe aim of this study was to "Effectiveness of teaching based on the seven-step learning cycle model of Eisenkraft on improving self-efficacy and critical thinking skills of students in the Karaj district". The research method is applied and in terms of the semi-experim MoreThe aim of this study was to "Effectiveness of teaching based on the seven-step learning cycle model of Eisenkraft on improving self-efficacy and critical thinking skills of students in the Karaj district". The research method is applied and in terms of the semi-experimental method, with the implementation of pre-test and post-test with the control group . The statistical population is 1360 people. One of the schools was selected from one school, and from among the fifth-grade classes of that school was selected randomly. A 15-member class in the experimental group and a 15-member class in the control group. The sampling method in this research is a random cluster. In this research, library studies, educational package based on the Eisenkraft seven-step learning cycle model (2003), Morgan-Jinquez academic self-efficacy questionnaire (1999) and Rickets Critical Thinking Questionnaire (2003) were used.t validity of the questionnaires was reviewed and approved by the supervisors and counselors. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.82 and 0.87, respectively, after the distribution and collection of questionnaires using Cronbach's alpha. In descriptive statistics, use of tables, charts, frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics using SPSS software, linear regression, covariance, t-test and independent Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests for data analysis. It turned out The results showed that the teaching based on the seven-step learning cycle model of Eisenckraff is effective on improving the dimensions of self-efficacy skills (talent, texture and effort), and the dimensions of critical thinking skills (creativity, agility, and commitment) of students in the Karaj district. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - The relationship between problem solving strategies and critical thinking is students of Railway Engineering faculty of Science and Technology University
roya sarvi Fatemeh Ahmadbeigi Mojtaba MoazzamiAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between problem-solving strategies and critical thinking in the students of School of Railway Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology in the academic year of 2018-2019. This is an appli MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between problem-solving strategies and critical thinking in the students of School of Railway Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology in the academic year of 2018-2019. This is an applied research and descriptive correlational method is used in current survey. The statistical population of this research includes all the students of the School of Railway Engineering. The total number of students are 760, which according to the Morgan's table for sample size 260 people are selected by random sampling method. The data gathering tool was Cassidy and Lang's standard problem solving questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha of 0.86 and for critical thinking variable of Critical Thinking Questionnaire (Ahmad Beigi, 1397) in which the reliability of the research questionnaire for each component was reported using Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than7%and the reliability of the questionnaire in the research for each of the components using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was reported 81%. Pearson Correlation Method was used to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between problem solving strategies and critical thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - Dialogue and power relations in the tale of Rostam and Esfandyar
فرهاد کرمی Hassan HaidaryTale of Rostam and Esfandyar is an indicator of the inner conflict within the formal power structure and represents the manner in which resistance takes shape against the dominant power discourse. This conflict and involvement in the tale are posed by narrative, d MoreTale of Rostam and Esfandyar is an indicator of the inner conflict within the formal power structure and represents the manner in which resistance takes shape against the dominant power discourse. This conflict and involvement in the tale are posed by narrative, dialogue, conversational schemes and sometimes is presented in terms of certain rhetorical structures. This article deals with the study and analysis of conversation and dialogue as part of critical discourse analysis and further makes use of certain applied linguistic parameters in order to analyze the dialogue between two main characters of the tale that is Rostam and Esfandyar. This study shows that power relations in Iran’s court and political institutions enriches the language and the structure of the tale of Rostam and Esfandyar with ideological sense and rhetorical power discourse is seen to cast a shadow over the tale. Esfandyar is the representative of religious and political power and Rostam is the representative of national and heroic power who against his inmost wishes gets involved with an involuntary duel with Esfandyar. Power discourse causes language to function in a particular context and to create a specific rhetorical approach in a way that when this passes through the filter of Ferdowsi’s mind, new discourse system with a new identity is formed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - Power Discourse according to Shahnameh narrative in the tale of Bahram Chubineh and Khosrow Parviz
mehdi Rezaei leila akbariAbstractThe story of Bahram Chubineh’s revolt against two great Sasanid kings that is Hormoz, and his son Khosrow Parviz is only an example of many instances where Ferdowsi speaks about the insatiable nature of man to satisfy his instinct to acquire power and his MoreAbstractThe story of Bahram Chubineh’s revolt against two great Sasanid kings that is Hormoz, and his son Khosrow Parviz is only an example of many instances where Ferdowsi speaks about the insatiable nature of man to satisfy his instinct to acquire power and his continuous struggle to gain ultimate power. The relationship of Bahram with Sasanid kings is among the longest interactions between the king and warrior, an example being the heated discussions between Bahram and Khosrow which covers a good part in Shahnameh. Delving into this discussion is an eligible manner in order to analyze the power struggle in the political court in Iran. The necessity to be connected with the kings’, nobles’, and warriors’ lineage on the one hand, and the need for national fame and popularity to gain the legitimate sovereignty, on the other hand, made the discourse between the two unique in Shahnameh especially that history confirms its correspondence. Apart from benefitting from certain pragmatic language elements, this article is concerned with the close interconnection of two special kinds of language that is power and ideology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - The comparative effect of direct corrective feedback and recast in a critical thinking setting on EFL learners’ reading comprehension
Mehrdad Rezaee Maryam Baghi Elaheh FaramarziThe aim of present study was to explore the comparative effect of direct corrective feedback and recast on EFL learners’ reading comprehension in a critical thinking (CT) context. Sixty female EFL learners were selected from a larger group of 85 learners through conveni MoreThe aim of present study was to explore the comparative effect of direct corrective feedback and recast on EFL learners’ reading comprehension in a critical thinking (CT) context. Sixty female EFL learners were selected from a larger group of 85 learners through convenience sampling and were given a Preliminary English Test (PET) to assess their proficiency levels. As the next step, the participants formed two random experimental groups. The reading comprehension abilities of both groups were measured before and after the treatment through administration of reading section of two separate versions of PET. Both groups received 12 sessions of the treatment. Two paired samples t-tests were utilized, both of which proved significant improvement for both groups from pretest to posttest. Then, the posttest scores of the two groups using an independent samples t-test were compared. Based on the results, the difference between the two groups turned out to be significant indicating superiority of the effect of the recast. This study can have important implications for the stakeholders in foreign language (FL) education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - A Qualitative Study on Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Critical Pedagogy-Based Teacher Effectiveness
Shiva Ghorbani Shahram Afraz Neda Fatehi Rad Fazlolah SamimiOne of the significant factors in EFL learning is teacher effectiveness which is of high importance since teachers are really and directly engaged in language learning as the final aim of English classes. This study aimed at exploring Iranian EFL teachers’ perceptions o MoreOne of the significant factors in EFL learning is teacher effectiveness which is of high importance since teachers are really and directly engaged in language learning as the final aim of English classes. This study aimed at exploring Iranian EFL teachers’ perceptions of critical pedagogy-based teacher effectiveness. In so doing, a qualitative thematic analysis method was used. The participants included 20 male and female Iranian English teachers who were selected through purposive sampling. To collect the data, a semi-structured interview was used. According to the results, the following themes were extracted from the data: Paying Attention to Students’ Needs, Being Aware of Students’ Goals in English Learning, Friendly Relations with Students, Flexibility in Teaching/Assessment Methods, Making Classes Student-Centered, Cooperative Teaching, Facilitating Students’ Learning, Being Aware of the Last Achievements in the Field of TEFL, Generating Equal Opportunities for All Students in the Class, Teaching Students Problem Posing Skills, and Teaching Students Critical Thinking Skills. The findings have some implications for EFL teachers, learners, teacher education instructors and policymakers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - A Comparative Study of Experiential Learning Cycle in Human and Nonhuman Environments: Critical Thinking, Reading Comprehension, and Vocabulary Development
somayeh sahebalzamani Amin Naeimi Mehry Haddad NarafshanEducational experts posit that technology-based experiences can augment students’ academic performance and foster their critical thinking ability. In this study, the efficacy of human-mediated and non-human-mediated environments was compared in terms of Kolb’s experient MoreEducational experts posit that technology-based experiences can augment students’ academic performance and foster their critical thinking ability. In this study, the efficacy of human-mediated and non-human-mediated environments was compared in terms of Kolb’s experiential learning cycle, concerning the critical thinking, reading comprehension, and vocabulary development of young English language learners. Over a period of four months, two groups of 60 learners (30 in each group) were exposed to mediation via two modalities: teacher-made and computer-made mediators. Pre-tests and post-tests were deployed to gauge learners’ progress in critical thinking, reading comprehension, and vocabulary development. The findings evinced those learners who received technology-mediated instruction outperformed the teacher-mediated group in terms of critical thinking, vocabulary development, and reading comprehension. It is evident that learners who interacted with a computer mediator trumped those who interacted with a human-made mediator, i.e., the teacher. This could be attributed to the alluring features of non-human mediators (technology), which are evidently more compelling than their human counterparts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - Evaluation of nitrogen nutrition of canola (Brassica napus L.) in Gorgan area, Iran
Alireza Behdadaian Afshin Soltani Hosein Ajamnorozi Ebrahim ZeynaliIn order to study the effect of agricultural management on nitrogen nutrition index of canola, a field experimental was conducted in 2010. Experiment was carried out as a nes MoreIn order to study the effect of agricultural management on nitrogen nutrition index of canola, a field experimental was conducted in 2010. Experiment was carried out as a nested completely randomized design with three replications. In this field experiment, 15 canola fields were comparatively studied in three levels of management (optimum, middle, weak) in Gorgan area, Iran. Sampling was performed at four stages and characteristics including plant density and height, leaf area index, dry weight, total nitrogen percent, biological yield and harvest index were measured. Also, nitrogen nutrition index was determined at stem formation, flowering and carpetbag stages. The results showed that all the studied management levels and farms within each level were significantly different from nitrogen nutrition index point of view. Positive significant correlation between nitrogen nutrition index with seed and biological yeild at yellow bud stage revealed the importance of nitrogen sources access at flowering and seedbag filling stages. Although nitrogen nutrition index was higher in optimum level of management than in the middle and weak ones, but during growing season and in all management levels, the index was less than 1 that indicates nitrogen deficiency. Thus, it could be concluded that nitrogen is a limitation factor in canola production in Gorgan area, Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - Determination of nitrogen fertilizer requirement on sorghum based on leaf color chart
Ali Izi Mohammad Armin Esmaiel FilekeshNowadays, implementation of simple and efficient methods for determining nitrogen needs has been considered in various plants. The simplest and most efficient methods for appreciate nitrogen requirement determination is leaf color chart (LCC). To determine of nitrogen f MoreNowadays, implementation of simple and efficient methods for determining nitrogen needs has been considered in various plants. The simplest and most efficient methods for appreciate nitrogen requirement determination is leaf color chart (LCC). To determine of nitrogen fertilizer requirement in forage sorghum using leaf color chart, an experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement based on complete randomized block design with three replications at Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station of Sabzevar in 2012 growing season. The factors were nitrogen rate in four levels including conventional (150), 25, 50, and 75 kg.ha-1 N and LCC scores was less than 4 and 5. The highest plant height, leaf dry weight, number of leaves per plant, biological yield and protein percentage were obtained in 75 and 50 kg.ha-1 nitrogen application. Using different amounts of nitrogen with reduction of LCC to 5 led to higher plants, more leaf dry weight, leaf numbers per plant, biological yield and protein content than using nitrogen with reduction of LCC to 4. On the whole, 50 kg.ha1 nitrogen with reduction of LCC to 5 was the best treatment for the highest quantity and quality yield achievement for forage sorghum. Also, LCC can be applied easily to determine sorghum nitrogen equipment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - Critical period of weeds control in sunflower, Helianthus annus L.
Hosein Golipour bahram mirshekari amirhoshang hoseynzadehmogbli shahram hanifiyan In order to determine the critical period of weeds control in Allstar cultivar of sunflower, an experiment was conducted in experimental farm of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran, in 2007. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three re More In order to determine the critical period of weeds control in Allstar cultivar of sunflower, an experiment was conducted in experimental farm of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran, in 2007. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. The treatments were weed – infested and weed – free at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 14 weeks after sunflower emergence. Studied traits were hull weight to brain weight ratio, 100 grains weight, grain yield, oil percentage and oil yield. Results indicated the significant differences among treatments in most studied traits. Full season weed – infested treatment decreased up to 27.5% and 43% grain and oil yield in comparison to full season weed–free treatment, respectively. Based on fitted equations for weed–infested and weed – free plots, 1 to 9.5 weeks and 2.5 to 7.5 weeks after sunflower emergence were determined as critical periods of weed control with 5% and 10% yield loss, respectively. Manuscript profile
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