The Comparative Study of a Story in Masnavi Manavi Based on Norman Fairclough's Approach

Subject Areas : Mytho

Zahrā Iranmanesh ¹

1 - The Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Farhangiyan University, Shahid Bahonar of Kerman Branch

Received: 2018-02-19 Accepted : 2018-02-19 Published : 2018-01-21

Keywords: Masnavi Manavi, Norman Fairclough, critical discourse, Tazkirat-al-Auliyā, Risāla Qushayriyya,

Abstract :

Masnavi Manavi has benefited from the previous mystical and literary works. Based on Norman Fairclough's method of critical discourse analysis, in the present article, the story "how a certain Sheikh showed no grief at the death of his sons" from Masnavi Manavi, Persian translation of Risāla Qushayriyya and Attār's Tazkirat-al-Auliyā are examined. In the three works, mystical status has been described. In the story of Masnavi Manavi, the dominant discourse is "the mystic who has united with God", in Risāla Qushayriyya, it is "the station of satisfaction" and in Tazkirat-al-Auliyā, it is "submission". In these anecdotes, the mystical concerns are prominent. So, these topics have been considered: certitude, spiritual power of holy man, real sympathy, attention to the Real (God), power and authority. By synthesizing the dominant discourses of mysticism, in the form of a pre-existing genre, Jalāl al-Din Rūmi, Attār Neishapouri, Abul-Ghāsem Qushairi have re-created a spiritual narrative. The three above mentioned works, as communicative events, are not just a reflection of their authors' thoughts, but they create a special discourse by criticizing materialistic practices and temporary and affluent affections. These works have succeeded in challenging mystical features and strengthening mystical discourse. 

References:

قرآن کریم.

ابن اثیر. ۱۴۰۳. جامع الاصول فی احادیث الرسول. به کوشش عبدالقادر ارناؤوط. بیروت: دار ابن الاثیر.

آقاگل زاده، فردوس. 1385. تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی. تهران: شرکت انتشارات علمی و فرهنگی.

پنی‌کوک، الستر. 1378. «گفتمان‌های قیاس ناپذیر». ترجمۀ سید علی اصغر سلطانی. فصلنامةعلوم سیاسی. ش 4. صص 139-123.

جرجانی، علی بن محمد. 1370. التعریفات. تهران: ناصرخسرو.

حسینی‌سروری، نجمه. 1393. «تحلیل انتقادی گفتمان قصیده‌ای از سنایی غزنوی». کهن‌نامۀ ادب پارسی. ش 11. صص 90-67.

دماوندی، مجتبی و مجتبی شهسواری. 1388. «گفت لیلی را... ماخذشناسی یکی از داستان‌های مثنوی». مجلۀ دانشکدۀ علوم‌انسانی دانشگاه سمنان. س 8. ش 28. صص 94-87.

سلطانی، سید علی‌اصغر. 1384. قدرت گفتمان و زبان. تهران: نی.

صفوی، سیدسلمان. 1386. «ساختار کلی دفتر سوم مثنوی مولوی». مجلۀ آینه میراث. ش38. صص 180-156.

عطار نیشابوری، فریدالدین. 1373. تذکرة‌الاولیا (از روی نسخۀ نیکلسون). به کوشش ا. توکلی. تهران: بهزاد.

عضدانلو، حمید. 1380. گفتمان و جامعه. تهران: نی.

فرقانی، محمدمهدی و سید جمال‌الدین اکبرزاده. 1390. «مدلی برای تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی فیلم». مطالعات فرهنگ ـ ارتباطات. ش 48. صص 158-129.

فرکلاف، نورمن. 1387. تحلیل انتقادی گفتمان. ترجمة فاطمه شایسته پیران. تهران: دفتر مطالعات رسانه‌ها.

فروزانفر‌، بدیع‌ الزمان. 1376. مآخذ قصص و تمثیلات مثنوی معنوی‌. چ 3. تهران‌: امیر کبیر.

قشیری، عبدالکریم ‌بن هوازن. 1374. رسالة قشیریه. به کوشش بدیع‏الزمان فروزانفر. تهران: علمی و فرهنگی.

مک دانل، دایان. 1380. مقدمه‌ای بر تحلیل گفتمان. ترجمۀ حسین‌علی نوذری. تهران: فرهنگ گفتمان.

میرصادقی، جمال. 1392. عناصر داستان. چ 3. تهران: سخن.

میلز، سارا. 1392. تحلیل گفتمان. ترجمۀ نرگس حسنلی. تهران: خط ممتد اندیشه.

 

English sourses

Fairclough, N. 1995 .Critical Discourse Analysis. Singapore.

 

References

Holy Qurān.

Āqā Golzāde, Ferdows. (2006/1385SH). Tahlīl-e goftemān-e enteqādī . Tehrān: Šerekat-e Entešārāt-e Elmī va Farhangī.

Attār Neyšābūrī. Farīd al-dīn. (2003/1384 SH). Tazkeratol oliyā. With the Effort of A. Tavvakolī. Tehrān: Behzād.

Azdānlū, Hamīd. (2001/1380 SH). Goftemān va jame'e. Tehrān: Ney.

Damāvandī, Mojtabā & Mojtabā Šahsavārī. (2009/1388SH). “He said that Lili is ... the source of one of Masnavī's stories”. Journal of Faculty of Humanities. University of Semnān. No. 28. pp. 87-94.

Ebn-e Asīr. (1997/1403AH). Jāme’ al-osūl fī ahādīs al-rasūl. With the Effort of Abdol Qāder Arnā’ūt.  Beirūt: Dār Ebn-e Asīr.

Fairclough, Norman. (2008/1387SH). Tahlīl-e Enteqādī Goftemān. (Critical Discourse Analysis). Tr. by Fāteme Šāyestepīrān. Tehrān: Daftar-e Motāle’āt-e Rasāne-hā.  

Forqānī, Mohammad Mahdī & Seyyed Jamāl al-dīn Akbarzāde. (2011/1390 SH). “A Model for Analyzing Critical Discourse Film ”. Cultural Studies - Communications. No. 48. Pp. 129-158.

Forūzānfar, Badī’ al-zamān. (1997/1376SH). Ma’āxez-e qesas va tamsīlāt-e masnavī-ye ma’navī. 3^rd ed. Tehrān: Amīrkabīr.

Hosseinī Sarvarī, Najme. (2014/1393SH).  “A Critical Discourse Analysis of an Ode by Sanā’ī Qaznavī”. Old letter Persian Literature. No. 11. Pp. 67-90.

Jorjānī, Alī ebn-e Mohammad. (1991/1370SH). Al-Ta’rīfāt. Tehrān: Nāser Xosrow.

McDonnell, Diane. (2000/1379 SH). Moqaddame-ī bar tahlī;l-e goftemān (An Introduction to Discourse Analysis). Tr. by Hossein Alī Nozarī. Tehrān: Farhang-e Goftemān.

Mīlls, Sārāh. (2013/1392 SH). Tahlīl-e goftemān (Discourse Analysis). Tr. by Narges Hasanlī. Tehrān: Xat-e Momtad-e Andīše.

Mīrsādeqī, Jamāl. (2013/1392 SH). Anāsor-e Dāstān. Tehrān: Soxan.

Pancake, Alster. (1998/1377 SH). “Incomparable discourses”. Tr. by Seyyed Alī Asqar Soltānī. Political Science Quarterly. No. 4. Pp. 123-139.

Qošeyrī, Abdol Karīm ebn-e Hawāzen. (1995/1374SH). Resāle-ye qošeyrīye. Ed. by Badi’ozzamān Forūzānfar. Tehrān: Elmī va Farhangī.

Safavī, Seyyed Salmān. (2008/1386 SH). “The overall structure of the third office of Masnavī Rūmī”. Mirror of Heritage. No. 38. Pp. 156-180.

Soltānī, Seyyed Alī Asqar. (2005/1384SH) . Qodrat-e goftemān va zabān. Tehrān: Ney

English sourses

Fairclough, N. 1995 .Critical Discourse Analysis. Singapore.

 

References

Holy Qurān.

Āqā Golzāde, Ferdows. (2006/1385SH). Tahlīl-e goftemān-e enteqādī . Tehrān: Šerekat-e Entešārāt-e Elmī va Farhangī.

Attār Neyšābūrī. Farīd al-dīn. (2003/1384 SH). Tazkeratol oliyā. With the Effort of A. Tavvakolī. Tehrān: Behzād.

Azdānlū, Hamīd. (2001/1380 SH). Goftemān va jame'e. Tehrān: Ney.

Damāvandī, Mojtabā & Mojtabā Šahsavārī. (2009/1388SH). “He said that Lili is ... the source of one of Masnavī's stories”. Journal of Faculty of Humanities. University of Semnān. No. 28. pp. 87-94.

Ebn-e Asīr. (1997/1403AH). Jāme’ al-osūl fī ahādīs al-rasūl. With the Effort of Abdol Qāder Arnā’ūt.  Beirūt: Dār Ebn-e Asīr.

Fairclough, Norman. (2008/1387SH). Tahlīl-e Enteqādī Goftemān. (Critical Discourse Analysis). Tr. by Fāteme Šāyestepīrān. Tehrān: Daftar-e Motāle’āt-e Rasāne-hā.  

Forqānī, Mohammad Mahdī & Seyyed Jamāl al-dīn Akbarzāde. (2011/1390 SH). “A Model for Analyzing Critical Discourse Film ”. Cultural Studies - Communications. No. 48. Pp. 129-158.

Forūzānfar, Badī’ al-zamān. (1997/1376SH). Ma’āxez-e qesas va tamsīlāt-e masnavī-ye ma’navī. 3^rd ed. Tehrān: Amīrkabīr.

Hosseinī Sarvarī, Najme. (2014/1393SH).  “A Critical Discourse Analysis of an Ode by Sanā’ī Qaznavī”. Old letter Persian Literature. No. 11. Pp. 67-90.

Jorjānī, Alī ebn-e Mohammad. (1991/1370SH). Al-Ta’rīfāt. Tehrān: Nāser Xosrow.

McDonnell, Diane. (2000/1379 SH). Moqaddame-ī bar tahlī;l-e goftemān (An Introduction to Discourse Analysis). Tr. by Hossein Alī Nozarī. Tehrān: Farhang-e Goftemān.

Mīlls, Sārāh. (2013/1392 SH). Tahlīl-e goftemān (Discourse Analysis). Tr. by Narges Hasanlī. Tehrān: Xat-e Momtad-e Andīše.

Mīrsādeqī, Jamāl. (2013/1392 SH). Anāsor-e Dāstān. Tehrān: Soxan.

Pancake, Alster. (1998/1377 SH). “Incomparable discourses”. Tr. by Seyyed Alī Asqar Soltānī. Political Science Quarterly. No. 4. Pp. 123-139.

Qošeyrī, Abdol Karīm ebn-e Hawāzen. (1995/1374SH). Resāle-ye qošeyrīye. Ed. by Badi’ozzamān Forūzānfar. Tehrān: Elmī va Farhangī.

Safavī, Seyyed Salmān. (2008/1386 SH). “The overall structure of the third office of Masnavī Rūmī”. Mirror of Heritage. No. 38. Pp. 156-180.

Soltānī, Seyyed Alī Asqar. (2005/1384SH) . Qodrat-e goftemān va zabān. Tehrān: Ney.