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Open Access Article
1 - An optimal liver segmentation method in MRI images using adaptive water flow model
Marjan Heidari Mehdi Taghizadeh Hassan Masoumi مرتضی ولی زادهLiver segmentation in medical images is still considered as a challenge in computer diagnosis systems. In this paper, an optimal algorithm based on the adaptive water flow model for segmentation is introduced. This algorithm first processes the image by means of a trans MoreLiver segmentation in medical images is still considered as a challenge in computer diagnosis systems. In this paper, an optimal algorithm based on the adaptive water flow model for segmentation is introduced. This algorithm first processes the image by means of a transfer function designed based on the probability distribution function of the brightness levels of the liver pixels to distinguish the liver region from the rest of the parts. Then, with the help of the rainfall algorithm, which is controlled based on the spatial information and light levels of the liver, possible areas of the liver are extracted, and further, the possible areas of the liver are classified with a layered perceptron neural network, using shape and texture features. Classification of areas instead of pixels has increased the efficiency of the algorithm. The obtained experimental results show a far more appropriate performance in comparison with other evaluation algorithms Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Evaluation and compilation of the energy consumption attributes in the office buildings
Mehrdad Mahmoudian Sajad SadiMost of the energy consumed in the building is consumed during the operation of the building. If you save on this part of the building energy, you can have a great impact on energy consumption. One way to control energy consumption in buildings is to use building energy MoreMost of the energy consumed in the building is consumed during the operation of the building. If you save on this part of the building energy, you can have a great impact on energy consumption. One way to control energy consumption in buildings is to use building energy labels. In order to provide an energy label, it must be possible to identify the factors affecting the energy consumption of the building. Introducing and studying energy-related indicators is one of the appropriate methods for managing energy consumption. With the help of these indicators, energy consumption can be managed and optimized. In this paper, by examining the main sectors of energy consumption in the buildings using the hierarchical analysis method (in order to label and optimize the energy consumption of office buildings), effective Attributes have been identified and introduced. The systematic search focuses on a variety of sources, including documents, databases, conferences, and various journals. First, search terms are selected. After the findings of library studies, field studies are conducted. This data can be described as experimental or new data. In the present study, two questionnaires were used to conduct field studies and obtain the required information. Improving energy consumption and reducing environmental pollution are key to sustainable energy. As the major consumer of energy, the building sector accounts for more than 40% of total energy consumption. One of the most important consumers of energy are office buildings, which include applications such as air conditioning, heating, cooling, hot water and various equipment. In this research, office buildings have been divided into different sections with the help of previous studies, and then in each section, the relevant Attributes have been extracted from the literature review. A total of 62 indices were extracted in 12 different sections. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A new method based on texture analysis for the classification of automatic detection of breast microcalcifications of mammography images
Zahra Maghsoodzadeh Sarvestani Jasem Jamali mhdi taghizadeh Mohammad h FatehiMammography is a diagnostic technology used in screening programs to find breast cancer early. By using two techniques for image enhancement and highlighting breast tissue microcalcifications for the desired areas by regional ROI based on fuzzy system and also Gabor fil MoreMammography is a diagnostic technology used in screening programs to find breast cancer early. By using two techniques for image enhancement and highlighting breast tissue microcalcifications for the desired areas by regional ROI based on fuzzy system and also Gabor filtering method, the study's objective was to assess the viability of automatic separation of images of breast tissue microcalcifications and to assess its accuracy. The decision tree classification algorithm is used to categorize the clusters of breast tissue microcalcifications after the clusters have been identified. The samples that are thought to have microcalcification are next highlighted and masked for segmentation, and in the last step, tissue properties are extracted. Then, it was possible to distinguish between benign and malignant forms of segmented ROI clusters with the aid of an artificial neural network (ANN). The results of this work show a high accuracy of 93% and an improvement of sensitivity of 95%, which shows that the presented solution can be reliably applied to detect breast cancer.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Brain Tumor Detection in Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Mitra Afsarinejad Nabiollah Shiri Ramin BaratiIn this paper, brain tumor detection is addressed through the application of advanced deep-learning techniques. The approach involves the development and training of a comprehensive convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. Leveraging an extensive dataset of brai MoreIn this paper, brain tumor detection is addressed through the application of advanced deep-learning techniques. The approach involves the development and training of a comprehensive convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. Leveraging an extensive dataset of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the proposed model expresses its proficiency in the classification of normal brain tissue and tumor-affected regions. The architecture encompasses multiple layers, including convolutional, batch normalization, and pooling layers, culminating in a robust classification layer. Through rigorous training and optimization, the introduced CNN achieves a high level of accuracy in brain tumor classification. The effectiveness of the proposed model is showcased through comprehensive experimentation, demonstrating its potential to significantly contribute to the medical field’s efforts in precise brain tumor diagnosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Using Clustering and Genetic Algorithm Techniques in Optimizing Decision Trees for Credit Scoring of Bank Customers
Mahmood Alborzi Mohammad Khanbabaei M. E. Mohammad PourzarandiDecision trees technique as one of the data mining techniques, is used in credit scoring ofbank customers to classify them in order to offer credit facilities. The main problem is incomplexity of decision trees, excessive size, lack of flexibility and low accuracy incla MoreDecision trees technique as one of the data mining techniques, is used in credit scoring ofbank customers to classify them in order to offer credit facilities. The main problem is incomplexity of decision trees, excessive size, lack of flexibility and low accuracy inclassification. The purpose of this paper is to propose a compound model in the optimization ofdecision trees by using genetic algorithm technique. It appears that genetic algorithm can chooseappropriate features and build decision trees to reduce complexity and increase flexibility indecision trees. In the proposed compound model, the credit data is initially divided into twoclusters by Simple means clustering technique. On the next step, the important credit scoringfeatures in the data set are selected using genetic algorithm and the five feature selectionalgorithm based on Filter, Wrapper and Embedded approaches. Subsequently, five decisiontrees based on C4.5 algorithm in each cluster are constructed with a set of the selected features.The best decision trees in each cluster, are selected and combined based on the desiredoptimality criteria, mentioned in this paper, to construct the final decision tree. WEKA machinelearning tool and GATree software were used to in this purpose. Results show that using theproposed compound model in building decision trees leads to increased classification accuracy,compared to other algorithms in this paper. However the algorithm complexity of the proposedcompound model is more than some of the classification algorithms compared in this paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Using Clustering and Genetic Algorithm Techniques in Optimizing Decision Trees for Credit Scoring of Bank Customers
Mahmood Alborzi Mohammad Khanbabaei M. E. Mohammad PourzarandiDecision trees technique as one of the data mining techniques, is used in credit scoring ofbank customers to classify them in order to offer credit facilities. The main problem is incomplexity of decision trees, excessive size, lack of flexibility and low accuracy incla MoreDecision trees technique as one of the data mining techniques, is used in credit scoring ofbank customers to classify them in order to offer credit facilities. The main problem is incomplexity of decision trees, excessive size, lack of flexibility and low accuracy inclassification. The purpose of this paper is to propose a compound model in the optimization ofdecision trees by using genetic algorithm technique. It appears that genetic algorithm can chooseappropriate features and build decision trees to reduce complexity and increase flexibility indecision trees. In the proposed compound model, the credit data is initially divided into twoclusters by Simple means clustering technique. On the next step, the important credit scoringfeatures in the data set are selected using genetic algorithm and the five feature selectionalgorithm based on Filter, Wrapper and Embedded approaches. Subsequently, five decisiontrees based on C4.5 algorithm in each cluster are constructed with a set of the selected features.The best decision trees in each cluster, are selected and combined based on the desiredoptimality criteria, mentioned in this paper, to construct the final decision tree. WEKA machinelearning tool and GATree software were used to in this purpose. Results show that using theproposed compound model in building decision trees leads to increased classification accuracy,compared to other algorithms in this paper. However the algorithm complexity of the proposedcompound model is more than some of the classification algorithms compared in this paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Purpose of Ibn Farīghūn for Jawāmeʿ al-ʿulūm's writing: Viewpoints Review
Taher Babaei Ahmad Badkubeh HazavehJawāmeal-ʿulūm,a work from fourth-century AH in Transoxiana, consists of valuable information about administration and various kinds of science. There are many studies on the book that depicted distinctive contemplations on the subject of book and its author purpose. Th MoreJawāmeal-ʿulūm,a work from fourth-century AH in Transoxiana, consists of valuable information about administration and various kinds of science. There are many studies on the book that depicted distinctive contemplations on the subject of book and its author purpose. This article is expressing, comparing and finally criticizing the different points of view with contents of Jawāmeal-ʿulūm. It is concluded that the book is a collection of ethical information and also the knowledge of government structure, which has been written for high-ranking officials. References Abu Yaʿlā, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn al-Farrā, al-aḥkām al-sulṭāniyya, Revised by Muḥammad ḥāmid al-Fiḳī, Beirut, Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah, 2000 AD/1421 AH. Alam, Hooshang, “Jawāmiʿ al-ʿulūm athar-i Ibn Farighūn”, Negar Naderi(trans.), History of Science (journal-JIHS), No.8, 1388/ 2009. Al-Davoud, Seyyed Ali, “Āl-i Farīghūn”, The Great Islamic Encyclopaedia, Kazem Mousavi Bojnourdi (as supervisor), The Centre For The Great Islamic Encyclopaedia, 1368/1989. Al- Fārābī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad, Iḥṣā al-ulūm, Revised by Alī Bū-Mulḥim, Beirut, Dar wa Maktaba al-Hilāl, 1996 AD/ 1416 AH. Ibn Abī al-Rabīʿ, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad, Sulūk al-mālik fī tadbīr al-Mamālik, Revised by ʿArif Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Damascus, Dar Kanān, 1996 AD/1435 AH. Ibn Farighūn, Mūttaghbī, Jawāmi al-ulūm, Revised by Ḳays Kāẓim Djannābī, Cairo, Maktaba al-Thiḳāfa al-Dīnīya, 2006 AD/1426 AH. Ibid,Jawāmi al-ulūm,Fuad Sezgin (photo ed.), Frankfurt, manshūrāt maʿhad taʾrikh al-ʿulūm al-ʿarabīya wa al-islāmīya (Institut für Geschichte der ArabischIslamischen Wissenschaften), 1985 AD/1405 AH. Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ, Rasāil ikhwān al-ṣafā wa-khullān al-wafā Revised by ʿArif Tāmir, Beirut, Manshūrāt-i ʿUwayyadāt, (un d.). Ibn al-Nadīm, Abu ʾl-Faradj Muḥammad b. Abī Yaʿḳūb Isḥāḳ, Kitāb al- fihrist, Revised by Reza Tajadod, Tehran, Intisharāt-i Asadī, 1350/1971. Kallek, Cengiz, s.v.“Cevamiu l-ulum”, in DİA, Vol.7, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları İşletmesi, İstanbul, 1993 AD/1413 AH. Khadiv Jam, Hossein, Darāsāt ḥawl kitāb-i jawāmi al-ulūm, Shaʾyā b. Farighūn( Ballad), Tehran,(Un d.). 1350/1971. Ibid,“kitāb-i jawāmiʿ al-ʿulūm”,nāma-Mīnuwī. Habib Yaghmaei (as supervisor), Iraj Afshar, with cooperation of Muhammad Roshan, Tehran, Nashr-i Sanāʾī, 1350/1971. Al-Khwārazmī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Yūsuf, Mafātīḥ al-ulūm, Revised by Ibrāhīm al-Ābyārī, Beirut, Dār al-Kutub Arabī, 1989 AD/1409 AH. Mirjafari, Hossein, Asghar Montazer al-Ghaem, Muhammad Bagher Khazaeli, “Kitāb Jawāmiʿ al-ʿulūm wa ṭabaḳa bandī-i ʿilm”,Pazhūhish-nāma Tarikh, Islamic Azad University of Bojnourd, No.22, 1390/ 2011(Spring). Minorsky, Vladimir, Hawāshī wa talīḳāt bar ḥudūd al-ulam min al-mashriḳ ilā al-maghrib (translated and explained by V. Minorsky; with the preface by V. V. Barthold), Mir Hossein Shah(trans.), Kabul, Intishārāt-i Danishkadih Adabīyat Danishgah Kābul, 1342/1963. Mohaghegh, Mehdi, “Taḳsīm Bandī-i ʿulūm az Naẓar-i Dānishmandān-i Islāmī”, Politic Quarterly, No.1, 1370/1991. Roodgar, Ghanbar-Ali, “Dānishnāma Nigārī”, Dānishnāma Djahān-i Islām (The Encyclopedia of the Islamic World), Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel (as supervisor), Vol.17, Tehran, The Center For The Great Islamic Encyclopedia, 1392/2013. Al-Ṣūlī, Abū bakr Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā, Adab al-Kitāb, Revised by Muḥammad Bahdjat al-Atharī, Cairo, Maṭbaʿa al-Salafyya, 1922 AD/1341 AH. Vesel, Živa, Les Encyclopédies Persanes: Essai de Typologie et de Classification des Sciences, Institut francais de recherché en Iran, Bibliothèque iranienne no.31, Paris, Editions Recherche sur les civilizations, 1986 AD/1406 AH. Yāḳūt Ḥamawī, Shihāb al-Dīn, Mudjam al-Udabā (irshād al- arīb ilā marifat al-adīb), Beirut, Dar al-Gharb Islāmī, 1993 AD /1414 AH. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Improving the Operation of Text Categorization Systems with Selecting Proper Features Based on PSO-LA
Mozhgan Rahimirad Mohammad Mosleh Amir Masoud Rahmani -
Open Access Article
9 - Arabic News Articles Classification Using Vectorized-Cosine Based on Seed Documents
Mohamed Elhadi -
Open Access Article
10 - Statistical Analysis on IoT Research Trends: A Survey
Alireza Hedayati Mehrin Rouhifar Sahar Bahramzadeh Vaheh Aghazarian Mostafa Chahardoli -
Open Access Article
11 - A New Approach for Text Documents Classification with Invasive Weed Optimization and Naive Bayes Classifier
Saman Khalandi Farhad Soleimanian Gharehchopogh -
Open Access Article
12 - Prediction of Student Learning Styles using Data Mining Techniques
Esther Khakata Vincent Omwenga Simon Msanjila -
Open Access Article
13 - An Overview of the Concepts, Classifications, and Methods of Population Initialization in Metaheuristic Algorithms
Mohammad Hassanzadeh farshid keynia -
Open Access Article
14 - Multilevel governance of the metropolitan region applying new regionalism approach (Case study: metropolitan region of Mashhad)
Mozaffar Sarrafi naser nejatiMultilevel governance of the metropolitan region applying new regionalism approach (Case study: metropolitan region of Mashhad) Extended Abstract Introduction The root of many problems that cities face is outside of their realm. In fact, different studies on cities and MoreMultilevel governance of the metropolitan region applying new regionalism approach (Case study: metropolitan region of Mashhad) Extended Abstract Introduction The root of many problems that cities face is outside of their realm. In fact, different studies on cities and their suburbs in the entire of world indicate that cooperation between central city and their suburbs is necessary to address regional problems such as urban sprawl, unemployment, devastation of agricultural and open spaces, social injustice, environmental injustice and etc. Mashhad metropolitan is not an exception and faces with the problems such as urban sprawl, devastation of agricultural and open spaces and etc that originated at a higher level, the metropolitan region of Mashhad. The metropolitan region of Mashhad consists of four counties; Mashhad, Fariman, Chenaran and Binalud. The regional management in metropolitan region of Mashhad is not well integrated and thus, manifested in the chaotic and somehow win-lose competitions within the regions. New regionalism approach has the capability to reduce the rivalries and establishing collaborative milieu. For applying new regionalism it is needed to apply multilevel governance approach in regional scale. Methodology The aim of this article is to study regional management system based on new regionalism approach to address the problems of metropolitan region of Mashhad. Thus, firstly the shortcomings of new regionalism and regional management methods are analyzed. Then, current regional management system of metropolitan region of Mashhad is studied. Considering this, next, the best regional management method for covering the shortcomings in the metropolitan region of Mashhad is deliberated. Research review method is used in the literature review of new regionalism and regional management. Also in studying regional management system of metropolitan region of Mashhad, descriptive-analytical research method is used. The research method is based on analyzing secondary data and formal related documents about Mashhad’s spatial management system. In addition, the academic sources with regard to regional management and new regionalism have been reviewed to provide the theoretical framework for the problems. Findings and discussion New Regionalism is an approach which recognizes certain regions capable of cooperation and integration among their intra-regional institutions in pursue of political, socio-economic, cultural, and environmental synergies. The best way for applying new regionalism is governance. In fact governance is complement of new regionalism. New regionalism should be implemented step by step to ease the resistance to change as well as to give it time for tailoring the most appropriate institutional arrangement. And also the most efficient way for cooperation between regional actors is multilevel governance based on subsidiarity. Conclusion The finding suggest that multilevel governance system with the participation of all regional actors based on subsidiarity, can be an effective regional management system of metropolitan region of Mashhad. For the metropolitan region of Mashhad two-level governance is recommended; the first level is in the territory of metropolitan region with participation of state, public and private sector and civil society. The second level is in the territory of counties (Mashhad, Fariman, Chenaran and Binalud). Key words: new regionalism, multilevel governance, metropolitan region, Mashhad Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Universal Super Vector Bundles
Mohammad Javad Afshari Saad VarsaieThis article first provides a brief overview of the structure of the classical Grassmann manifold(Grassmannian) and how the universal Grassmann manifold is constructed using maps. Also, the underlying topological space and its sheaf structure are introduced to some exte MoreThis article first provides a brief overview of the structure of the classical Grassmann manifold(Grassmannian) and how the universal Grassmann manifold is constructed using maps. Also, the underlying topological space and its sheaf structure are introduced to some extent in a theorem. Then, we enter the topic of super-geometry and a new type of supergrassmannian is introduced by applying odd involution in super ringed space and gluing superdomains. In a similar way to the normal case, the next infinite supergrassmannians and the canonical super vector bundle on it are introduced in the supergeometry. Here our tools mainly include multilinear algebra between supermatrices and their induced mappings, the direct limit in the topology of the underlying spaces and the inverse limit in the structural sheaf of the spaces. Finally, we show that the resulting super bundle is a global member of the category of the super vector bundle; Structures that are used in the classification of super vector bundles and are in proportion to the homotopy classification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Evaluating and classifying the insurers risk in the insurance industry using data envelopment analysis
Seyyedeh Nasim Shobeiri Mohsen Rostamy- Malkhalifeh Hashem Nikoomaram Mohammadreza Miri LavasaniOne of the most important factors for the economic development of countries is the insurance industry.A closer look at the economies of Developed Countries shows that the insurance industry has a significant contribution in the economic development of these countries. T MoreOne of the most important factors for the economic development of countries is the insurance industry.A closer look at the economies of Developed Countries shows that the insurance industry has a significant contribution in the economic development of these countries. The insurance industry needs to accept the risk in order to carry out any insurance activity. In the other word, the insurance companies create tranquillity in the society by accepting the risk. On the other hand, the insurance companies need to access to the powerful risk analysis tools in order to manage the potential risks. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is one of the most important techniques to identify the risk resources. Hence, data envelopment analysis is widely used in the insurance industry. This study uses the dataset of the car insurance policies of Saman Insurance Company during the years 2018-2019. First, we identify the effective indicators and examine the properties of these indicators to classify them into input and output groups. Finally, we use data envelopment analysis to propose a model for predictionthe risk of insurers (in terms of existence of damage risk or absence of damage risk). This model can be used in the future policies of the insurance company. For example, the insurance companies can use the results of data envelopment analysis to adjust the premiums received from different insurers and increase the satisfaction for insurers and their profitability by creating a rating system based on the insurers 'risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Incorporating Fuzzy AHP and PROMETHEE for Clssification of Student Dormitories in Iran
M. Khodabakhshi R. DarabiIn this research a discipline for grading of country’s student dormitory will be designed. Themajor goal of classification is to promote the quality of student dormitories, and results of thisgrading in addition of creating a healthy competitive space between univ MoreIn this research a discipline for grading of country’s student dormitory will be designed. Themajor goal of classification is to promote the quality of student dormitories, and results of thisgrading in addition of creating a healthy competitive space between universities forpromotion, will have important consequence of equating the rental money of dormitoriesproportionate with dormitories grade. Also with respect to appendix policies of article 44 ofconstitutional law and 5th program of development sentences, ministry of science, researchand technology shall give welfare services to nongovernmental companies. So existing ofsuch systems for grading of dormitories, will obviously invigorate the supervising dimensionof ministry of science, student welfare fund and universities on given dormitories. Althoughthere are several evaluation methods for universities and centers for higher education, but nomethod for grading of dormitories in international level has been reported up to now.Therefore in this paper, with different beneficiaries corporation, important dimensions andmeasures for grading of dormitories has been determined and with help of designed system,student dormitories are classifying to four classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The study of effective economic factors on trade openness in IRAN under stable and nonstable conditions
Mohammadreza Mohammadvand Nahidi Parisa SagezchiIn this paper we attempt to identify the most important economic factors influencing the trade liberalization of Iran. The period of our study is from 1352 to 1386. The findings of our study indicate that based on ARDL and GARCH models there is a positive and mean MoreIn this paper we attempt to identify the most important economic factors influencing the trade liberalization of Iran. The period of our study is from 1352 to 1386. The findings of our study indicate that based on ARDL and GARCH models there is a positive and meaningful relation between the size of GDP and the degree of economic openness in Iran. However, Consumer Price index and Foreign Exchange rate have negate impact on economic liberalization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigating the Comparative Advantage of Raisin in Province Zanjan and Determining Domestic Market Structure for it
Dina Rajaei Ghazilou Yadollah Rajaei Karim Emami JozIn this research we are investigating the potentials of raisin production in Zanjan province of Iran. We applied PAM matrix, RCA and HHI indices to identify the domestic market structure and to see whether Zanjan has comparative advantage in production of raisin. We&nbs MoreIn this research we are investigating the potentials of raisin production in Zanjan province of Iran. We applied PAM matrix, RCA and HHI indices to identify the domestic market structure and to see whether Zanjan has comparative advantage in production of raisin. We used both mailed questionnaires and information provided by FAO and our results confirmed that government subsidies are important elements in this market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Effect of Exchange Rate and its Volatility on Stock Price Index in Iran
Azadeh Mehrabian Ilnaz ChegeniOne of the effective factors on stock price index is exchange rate that often its quantities is fluctuating in different domains. In different countries with considering the differences in investment infrastructure and economic situation, the effect of exchange rates an MoreOne of the effective factors on stock price index is exchange rate that often its quantities is fluctuating in different domains. In different countries with considering the differences in investment infrastructure and economic situation, the effect of exchange rates and its volatility on stock price index can be different. This article uses monthly mean of Tehran price index (TEPIX) and real exchange rate between 1380/M1-1391/M3 with purpose of studying the effect of exchange rate and its volatility on TEPIX. By Using Eviews6 software, at first, volatility of exchange rate is calculated by GARCH method and then the effect of exchange rate and its volatility on TEPIX is estimated by VAR model. The results indicate that in all periods the effect of exchange rate is more than its volatility. Based on the results of Johansen test, exchange rate and its volatility has a significant long-run equilibrium relationship with TEPIX. Exchange rate has negative effect on TEPIX and its volatility has a positive one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Welfare Loss of Monopoly in Iran’s Telecommunication (Fixed Phone
عباس Memarnejad داوود Hadi FarLong term monopoly in the telecommunications sector can make to the welfare costs. In this paper using 30 provincial telecommunication company that supply fixed telephony in Iran during period 2004-2008 we estimate welfare loses. Study concludes that estimated welfare l MoreLong term monopoly in the telecommunications sector can make to the welfare costs. In this paper using 30 provincial telecommunication company that supply fixed telephony in Iran during period 2004-2008 we estimate welfare loses. Study concludes that estimated welfare loses (45 to 63 percent of sale value) comparing other research is so high and continuing to raise in study period and therefore proposes regulation for this sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Causes of the Mortality of Inpatients in the hospitals covered by Semnan Province Universities of Medical Sciences Based on ICD10
mohamad ali Jahani fateme zahra Eskandari shahebano Mahmoudjanloo ghahreman MahmoudiIntroduction: Identifying the trends and causes of mortality can be a base for health-care policy-making and planning in society. This study aimed at identifying the causes of the mortality of hospitalized patients based on International Classification of Diseases. Meth MoreIntroduction: Identifying the trends and causes of mortality can be a base for health-care policy-making and planning in society. This study aimed at identifying the causes of the mortality of hospitalized patients based on International Classification of Diseases. Methods: This retrospective study was a descriptive-analytical one. Research population included all inpatients died in hospitals under supervision of Semnan University of Medical Sciences during a 5-year period (2011-2016). Sampling was done as the senses and data were collected by a checklist extracted from death registration system of the Treatment Deputy of the university. Data were analyzed in SPSS by applying statistical approaches in the significant level of p≤ 0.05. Results: 8,270 hospital mortalities were registered during the period. 6,370 (76.3%) of dead patients were burghers and 4,450 (53.8%) were male. The most frequent causes of the mortality were cardiovascular diseases (3,201, 38.7%), cancers (1,287, 15.5%), and respiratory diseases (865, 10.5%). There were significant differences among the mortality rates according to patients' gender, residences, and age ranges (p< .001). Conclusion: Chronic and non-communicable diseases were the main causes of the mortality. Health policy-makers can decrease in these diseases by applying screening programs, empowering people and endorsing regulations on safety life style and so on. Keywords: Hospitals, International Classification of Diseases (ICD10), Mortality, Patients, Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The effect of distance measurement methods on the classification of ecological groups in Hyrcanian forests
Naghmeh Pakgohar Javad Eshaghi Rad Gholamhossein Gholami Ahmad Alijanpour David W. RobertsNowadays, the application of clustering methods is widely increased, although choosing the right method due to the existence of different method and effective factors is difficult. The present study aimed to compare the results of widely used clustering algorithms and t MoreNowadays, the application of clustering methods is widely increased, although choosing the right method due to the existence of different method and effective factors is difficult. The present study aimed to compare the results of widely used clustering algorithms and to determine the most effective methods according to the different evaluators and evaluate the effective distance measurement method for clustering algorithms. The data of Hyrcanian beech forests were examined in an area protected by the department of natural resources of Nowshahr. Random-systematic sampling method with regular grid of 100×200 m was used for determining the center of sample plots; 100-m2 (10×10 m) sample plots had been used to check the shrub species and 400-m2 (20×20 m) to check the herbaceous species. A total of 120 sample plots were measured. The abundance and coverage of tree, shrub and herbaceous species were estimated based on Braun-Blanquette scale. Three distance methods of measuring distance Bray Curtis, Hellinger and Manhattan were used and five clustering methods (Average method clustering methods, Ward method, flexible beta method with beta values of -0.1, -0.25, -0.4) with six evaluation indicators (silhouette evaluation criterion, PARATNA criterion, Indval criterion, ISAMIC criterion, MRPP criterion and Phi correlation coefficient) were examined. Different clustering algorithms were arranged from best to worst for each dataset. The comparison analysis revealed that Ward’s and flexible-beta with beta value of -0.1 had the best performance. The present findings illustrated that Hellinger distance measurement method is better in homogeneous data than other distance measurement methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Tree Species Identification using RGB Time Series and Multispectral Images Obtained from UAV
Mojdeh Miraki هرمز سهرابیDetailed information on forest combination is required for many environmental, monitoring, and forest protection purposes. The link between ecology and remote sensing provides valuable information for the study of forest trees to facilitate the study of ecosystem perfor MoreDetailed information on forest combination is required for many environmental, monitoring, and forest protection purposes. The link between ecology and remote sensing provides valuable information for the study of forest trees to facilitate the study of ecosystem performance and to measure the spatial distribution of vegetation. In recent years, the use of modern remote sensing methods and techniques based on UAVs have been used for regular updating of forest inventory. In this research, different data sources including multi-spectral and RGB images with very high spatial resolution, were used for tree species recognition in plain forests of Noor City located in Mazandaran province. Also, taking images was performed in the growing season to prepare a time series of UAV-RGB images for investigating the effect of tree crown phonological changes on classification accuracy. Following orthomosaic generation, RGB (NGB, NRB) and multi-spectral (NDVI, CIgreen) indices were calculated and the random forest classification method was used for forest species classification. Based on single-time images, late April images provided the highest overall accuracy (75%). However, the results of the time series obtained from RGB images showed an increase in accuracy of up to 86%. Species identification based on multispectral images obtained from the Sequoia sensor also provided 85% accuracy. The results showed that the single-time image at the appropriate time using a UAV-RGB, compared to taking a time series and using a UAV equipped with multispectral sensors, has acceptable and less expensive results for tree recognition in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Designing a Domestic Model for Classification and Grading Hotels in Iran
دکتر محسن قدمی دکتر علی اصغر صرافی زاده امیرمحسن مدنیIntroduction and Research Goal: Hospitality is of the very dynamic part of tourism industry which includes a set of administration and facilities for sleep, rest, food and beverages and entertainments. Therefore, because of the special importance of hospitality in terms MoreIntroduction and Research Goal: Hospitality is of the very dynamic part of tourism industry which includes a set of administration and facilities for sleep, rest, food and beverages and entertainments. Therefore, because of the special importance of hospitality in terms of job creation, economic growth and culture distribution, this study attempts to design a domestic model of classification and grading of hotels in Iran. Method: This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive (correlation) in terms of method. Therefore, in order to implement the research practically, fiche cards and in the field study, 17 items researcher-made questionnaires are used. Statistical population including a number of 47 hotel and tourism experts was selected through census sampling method. Findings: Based on the study, the main components of hotel classification and grading in Iran were identified and the importance of each component affecting the hotel classification and grading was determined. At the end, some suggestions were offered to improve the status of tourism and hotel industry in Iran. Conclusion: International hotel grading models in the world are not applicable for hotels in Muslim countries and especially in Iran. The results from Friedman test showed that in classification and grading of hotels in Iran, the components of well educated managers and staff's good behavior and politeness, peaceful and desirable space of guest rooms based on domestic and national architecture culture, diversity of traditional and international dishes as well as cultural and natural attractions have an important and significant role in designing a domestic model and growth of hospitality in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Ranking City in Khuzestan province based on the cultural development using gray relation analysis
fereshteh shanbepoor مسعود صفائی پورReducing inequality in the utilization of resources, achievements and community facilities, one of the most important development is the basic criteria. In addition to growth in all aspects of development, balanced distribution also encompasses. Culture is the basis of MoreReducing inequality in the utilization of resources, achievements and community facilities, one of the most important development is the basic criteria. In addition to growth in all aspects of development, balanced distribution also encompasses. Culture is the basis of human behavior and a significant part of economic behavior based on this foundation. About the effect of culture on development to create large assets such as skills and cultural products that have a significant effect in improving the welfare of society. The aim of this study is the city of the province of the cultural development. The population, including 24 city Khuzestan Province. The research method is analytical. For data collection and data analysis library documentation and data analysis gray ties and criteria used in ranking options, using pairwise comparison is weighted. The results of this study suggest that the city of the province, in terms of utilization of space and facilities there are significant differences to the extent that the city of Ahvaz with the most points (1/000), as well as the city of PA and Dezful, respectively, points (0/431) and (0/403) of the highest rank and other city in the province of the lowest ranking in terms of cultural development based on the analysis of relationships are (GRA). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Methods of increasing the Social Status of Soldiers from the Perspective of People in Tehran
Fariba Shayegan -
Open Access Article
28 - Ranking the cities in Khouzestan Province based on Cultural Development Indexes using the Gray Relationship Analysis
Massoud Safaiepour Fereshteh Shanbepour -
Open Access Article
29 - Duhem and Scientific Realism
مریم قاسمی نراقیDuhem’s viewpoint about physics is a systematic and mathematical onethat surely somehow has effected to his philosophical explanation ofscientific theories. For Duhem, the aim of science is classifying thephenomena in a good mathematical frame in which it could id MoreDuhem’s viewpoint about physics is a systematic and mathematical onethat surely somehow has effected to his philosophical explanation ofscientific theories. For Duhem, the aim of science is classifying thephenomena in a good mathematical frame in which it could identify thereal relationships among the theoretical identities without manifestingthem. Theories are not only full boxes of phenomena classified toolsthat are proper for today and improper for tomorrow. The mostimportant characteristic of a scientific theory is to predict phenomenaand experimental laws that is not discovered, but what is effective inthis novel predict is the relationship between identities. In the view ofontology, scientific theories make no commitment for theoreticalidentities. In spite that Duhem is a scientific historian, and by searchingin his works and ideas we can’t clearly say Duhem is the realist or theinstrumenalist about scientific theories. Even some believe that he istried to find a way between realism and instumentalism. In this paper,at first Duhem ideas about the aim and structure of physical theory willbe surveyed. Then by some pro and opponent ideas with Duhem'srealism we will demonstrate his ideas about scientific theories has moretendencies to structure realism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Process of Lighting and relationship between inside and outside in Iranian traditional mosques architecture from view of climatic Case study: Warm areas in Iran central plateau
davood saadat iraj etsam سید مصطفی مختاباد امرئی محمدجواد مهدوی نژادIn Iranian-Islamic architecture, the mosque, the most valuable heritage has left a deep concepts of light and its transparency. As well as the above with the way things have been done climatic conditions for aligning. Now the question is that lighting and transparency ( MoreIn Iranian-Islamic architecture, the mosque, the most valuable heritage has left a deep concepts of light and its transparency. As well as the above with the way things have been done climatic conditions for aligning. Now the question is that lighting and transparency (communication between the inside and outside) in the architecture of mosques central plateau of Iran (hot and dry climate) in what ways it is. In this study, we tried to examine the impact of climate change in terms of lighting and transparency in Iranian mosques at Khorasani, Razi, Azeri and Esfahani Eras. This study is Descriptive and analytical, in first to describe the climatic conditions of the region Hot and dry climate of Iran (Central Plateau) and solutions for architectural mentioned, and then the evolution of the Lighting Transparency of Iran's traditional mosque, and in the end to see case studies of four Iranian architecture style to adapt to the climatic conditions in these deals Pirnia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Detection and monitoring of land use change using supervised classification method and post classification comparison (case study of Assaluyeh area)
farhad hamze Hadi AbdollahiCoastal areas has been important for mankind because of the abundance of potential possibilities for development since long time ago and this can be the reason for concentration of %75 of the world's population at radius of 200 km from the coasts.The purpose of this stu MoreCoastal areas has been important for mankind because of the abundance of potential possibilities for development since long time ago and this can be the reason for concentration of %75 of the world's population at radius of 200 km from the coasts.The purpose of this study is the change detection of land use in coastal areas of assalouye by using landsat images in two 16-year periods (2984-2000-2016). Land use maps for these years was extracted from landsat satellite imagery and was corrected by using of available maps and also google earth images and was verified through the error matrix approach, kappa coefficient and overall accuracy. kappa coefficient ( 0.94; 08808 and 0.9517) and overall accuracy (96.56%; 95.4952% and 93.5883% ) was obtained for 1984, 2000 and 2016 years respectively.The results show that increase in area in the residential areas use unit (126.36 square kilometer ) and vegetation (6.13 square kilometer) and decrease in area in the bayer areas use class (-125.37) and water range (-7.15 square kilometer) has been created during 32 years. Bayer lands has the most changes and residential areas unit as the most development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - An Examination of The Rosgen Classification System Efficiency Case Study . Classification of Babol and Talar rivers on the Caspian coastal plain zone
M.M Hosseinzadeh رضا Esmaeili صدرالدین MotevaliRivers ranges widely, in channel form, and in their degree of dynamism. A wide rangeof geomorphic river classification schemes have been proposed since the late 19thcentury, reflecting the variety of environmental settings. In this paper, using withRosgen classification MoreRivers ranges widely, in channel form, and in their degree of dynamism. A wide rangeof geomorphic river classification schemes have been proposed since the late 19thcentury, reflecting the variety of environmental settings. In this paper, using withRosgen classification system and based on geomorphic variables includingentrenchment, gradient, width/depth ratio, sinuosity and channel material sizeexamined for Babol and Talar rivers in the Caspian coastal plain zone. In this riversrecognized in two major groups (D and F) along the longitudinal gradient of river. TheD type streams have braided pattern and flow on the alluvial fans and the F typestreams have meander pattern and flow on the coastal plain. Also, this research showsthat substituting predictions from a classification system for real fluvial investigationscould lead to counterproductive management schemes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Introdution of Rivas Martinez climatic classification Case study: Guillan and Khorasan province
بهمن RamezaniNatural potential in per area related to factor and elements of climate, climatic systemscan be fomulated , for distinguish of similar climate.This article , introduce Rivas Martinez climatic classification with case study Guilanand Khrasan .Result of article representa MoreNatural potential in per area related to factor and elements of climate, climatic systemscan be fomulated , for distinguish of similar climate.This article , introduce Rivas Martinez climatic classification with case study Guilanand Khrasan .Result of article representation that this method better actual isolat climatesfrom Gussen , Koppen , De martone Amberger methods.It has suggestion with attention north and south coasal and continental plain , thismethod be use with longer time statistic for classification of Iran . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Identification and Morphological Classification of Coastal Zones South of the Caspian Sea Using Shepard Classification Method (Case Study: from Nowshahr to Babolsar)
Reza Mansouri Ezzatollah Ganavati Mohammadreza Servati Amir KaramBeaches fringe about 40 per cent of the world’s coastline, and generally consist ofunconsolidated deposits of sand and gravel on the shore. More than half the world’spopulation lives in coastal regions, and many people visit the coast frequently. Beaches hav MoreBeaches fringe about 40 per cent of the world’s coastline, and generally consist ofunconsolidated deposits of sand and gravel on the shore. More than half the world’spopulation lives in coastal regions, and many people visit the coast frequently. Beaches havealso formed along the fringes of coastal lowlands. In Iran, the river and coastal systems areone of the most important factors in the location of cities, network connections, commerce,tourism, agriculture and areas of industrial development and have high population density andhave high population density. Beach systems deal with the interactions between beaches andthe processes (waves, currents, tides and winds) that work on them. Case Study at coordinatesof geographical longitude of 51,ْ 30,َ and 00 up to east 52,ْ 45 and 00 and geographicallatitude 36,ْ 18,َ and 55 up to north 36,ْ 44,َ and 00 with an area of 2068.57 square kilometers inNorth of Mazandaran Province is located. The main purpose of this paper is to theIdentification and morphological classification coastal zones used Shepard Classificationmethod, from Nowshahr to Babolsar. Thus, topographic maps and geology, satellite imageryand geographical information system software in Arc GIS and several field visits fromlandforms, has been used. The main purpose of this research is to morphological classificationof coastal zones from Nowshahr to Babolsar using Shepard classification method. Thisresearch is based on the satellite imagery (Landsat, sensors: TM & ETM+, IRS), fieldobservations geological and topographic maps and GIS information. Results of this study,show that the most dominate part of region is covered by Alluvial Plain (with: 42.8%),Pediplain (or Pediment) (with: 16.7%), Lowlands (11.85%), & Flood Plain (9/6%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Introducing the land use classification methods in Regional Planning and presentation of an appropriate pattern for Iran
REZA ahmadian Bahar AbdolahIntroduction: One of the significant outcomes of Regional Physical plans and In other words, one of its main documents is producing a land use map and determining the macro uses in the study area. In the Regional Physical and Spatial plans, this is generally known as th MoreIntroduction: One of the significant outcomes of Regional Physical plans and In other words, one of its main documents is producing a land use map and determining the macro uses in the study area. In the Regional Physical and Spatial plans, this is generally known as the Land use Zoning map (The Uniform Contract 19). It is regarded as one of the primary results of Regional plans through which the objectives, strategies and proposal for a plan are made possible. There are several distinct methods for preparation of land use zoning map in the theoretical literature and plan preparation. But before any action, It is necessary to establish the systematic structure in lands classification. As a result, it is necessary that the planner determines land use at the region scale by establishing an accurate method to present the zoning document. The study aims to check different land use and land cover classification systems to propose a pattern at regional and spatial scales. Methodology: The present research is to establish the structure and an applied research with a descriptive and analytical methodology. Therefore, the data are taken from the libraries to address the subject of research and to propose a pattern in this regard. Conclusion: According to the global systems of classification, the Suggested classification has been done in three levels with using Alphabetic code. The most important features of this pattern is generalization, systematic and flexibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - DEA-neural network approach to solve binary classification problems
Saeeid Kashanifar Mona Farahnak Roudsary -
Open Access Article
37 - Data Envelopment Analysis-Discriminant Analysis by imprecise data for more than two groups: apply to the pharmaceutical stock companies
Sarah Navidi Mohsen Rostamy-Malkhalifeh -
Open Access Article
38 - Using Non-Archimedean DEA Models for Classification of DMUs: A New Algorithm
S. Mehrabian -
Open Access Article
39 - An Algorithm for Resource Allocation through the Classification of DMUs
M. Ahadzadeh Namin N. Ebrahimkhani Ghazi -
Open Access Article
40 - Using DEA for Classification in Credit Scoring
Hoda Golshani Hadi Bagherzadeh Valami Alireza Davoodi -
Open Access Article
41 - Data Envelopment Analysis with Sensitive Analysis and Super-efficiency in Indian Banking Sector
Q. Farooq Dar T. Rao Pad A. Muhammad Tali Yaser Hamid F Danish -
Open Access Article
42 - Pixel Based Classificatrion Analyisis of Land Use Land Cover in Tarom Basin
seyed behrouz Hosseini Ali Saremi Mohammad hossein Noori Gheydari Hossein Sedghi Alireza Firoozfar Jaefar NikbakhtThe comprehensive management of a watershed requires basic information such as land use and land cover. The aim of this study is to conduct accuracy analyses of LULC classifications derived from Landsat-8 data, and to reveal that which kind of land use and land cover ca MoreThe comprehensive management of a watershed requires basic information such as land use and land cover. The aim of this study is to conduct accuracy analyses of LULC classifications derived from Landsat-8 data, and to reveal that which kind of land use and land cover can be estimated more accurately. Tarom Basin and its near surrounding was selected as study area for this case study. Landsat-8 the data, acquired on 8 August 2017, were utilized as satellite imagery in the study. The RGB and NIR bands were used for classification. Required pre-processing and control of georeferenced of images were performed. After performing the required atmospheric corrections, using the FLAASH algorithm, classification maps were generated. LULC images were generated using 3 pixel-based supervised classification method method, Maximum Likelihood (MLC), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). As a result of the accuracy assessment, kappa statistics and overall accuracy for MLC method were 0.88 and 91.55 respectively. The obtained results showed that Landsat-8 OLI data, presents satisfying LULC images in water body, mountain and rock, bare land, Vegetation and forest classes. In addition, according to the obtained results, it can be stated that all three methods of classification in a region with heterogeneous (in terms of elevation elevation between 280 and 3000 m and land use and variety of vegetation) Such Tarom, can have good results. Among these methods, Classification with MLC method, had higher speed and lower complexity for execution, than two other methods in achieving the required maps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Digital Soil Mapping of Soil Classes in Floodplain and Low Relief Lands (Case Study: Hirmand County)
Mohammad Reza Pahlavan Rad Seyed Javad Forghani Mehrdad Esfandyari Ali Mohammadi TorkashvandThis study was conducted in order to digital mapping soil classes according to WRB system was conducted by boosted regression tree (BRT) method on about 60.000 hectares of Hirmand county lands. 108 soil profiles were dug and soil profiles were sampled and described base MoreThis study was conducted in order to digital mapping soil classes according to WRB system was conducted by boosted regression tree (BRT) method on about 60.000 hectares of Hirmand county lands. 108 soil profiles were dug and soil profiles were sampled and described based on WRB system. Twenty environmental covariates were used as estimators for soil mapping including terrain attributes and remote sensing covariates. Results showed that the young soil covered the study area and mostly influenced by flood sediment which classified as Fluvisol and Cambisol groups and Solonchak group in salt -affected area. The variable importance showed that the environmental attributes such as Multi-resolution Valley Bottom Flatness Index (MrVBF), Valley Depth, Convergence Index, Catchment Area and Salinity Index (NDSI) had the highest importance among all covariates for two levels of WRB prediction. The validation results showed that the BRT model could predict WRB1 and WRB2 levels with overall accuracy of 47 and 25%, respectively, and also from WRB1 to WRB2 levels the accuracy decreased. In low relief area and young soil that the low soils variability, digital soil mapping approach could be useful, efficient, and fast technique to produce and predict soil classes map. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Jonathan Z. Smith: A Reflection on the Meaning and Concept of Comparison in the Study of Religions
Mohsen Ovaisy Mahdi Lakzaei Abolfazl MahmoudiJonathan Zittell Smith is one of the most important critics of Mircea Eliade's approach to comparative religious studies, who has written works in fields such as "comparative methodology", "Classification of Religions" and religion in the contemporary world. One-sided f MoreJonathan Zittell Smith is one of the most important critics of Mircea Eliade's approach to comparative religious studies, who has written works in fields such as "comparative methodology", "Classification of Religions" and religion in the contemporary world. One-sided focus on similarity and homogenization and the discovery of similar patterns in the comparative studies of religions was the dominant method in religious studies, which was expressed by Eliade. In fact, the most important criticism of Eliade's approach is absence of serious attention to historical details, cultural and social contexts, and economic and political elements. Zittell Smith accused Eliade's comparative method to "Colonizing" the subject of research and believed that comparison does not only indicate to common and similar factors. He sought to present a comparative model that includes both differences and similarities. He reviews the main methods of comparison including (ethnological, encyclopedic, morphological, evolutionary and comprehensive comparison of religious patterns) and finally chooses the "morphological-structural" approach with emphasis on historical and anthropological components. He considers it a more correct comparative method than other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Biological Classification of Living Organisms According to the Holy Qur’ān and the Old Testament
محیالدین قنبریThere is no accurate description of a kind of "biological classification"in the Holy Qur’ān and the Old Testament. Moreover, in contrast to thebiological texts, Qur’ān and the Old Testament do not aim at scientificcategorization of creatures, and therefore i MoreThere is no accurate description of a kind of "biological classification"in the Holy Qur’ān and the Old Testament. Moreover, in contrast to thebiological texts, Qur’ān and the Old Testament do not aim at scientificcategorization of creatures, and therefore it seems that their verses arethe reflection of their addressees’ knowledge of the nature. Both thesebooks have similar attitudes toward creatures– particularly plants– andperhaps these similarities are rooted in their same revelatory origin orthe similar cultural background of their prophets and their addressees.However, the Qur’ān’s description of creatures is more elaborate thanthat of the Old Testament.Therefore, only through logical deductions from the verses of HolyQur’ān, the Old Testament and their interpretations one can talk aboutthe "biological classification" according to these two scriptures. Thisessay tries to give an account of such classification and to comparetheir similarities and discrepancies. This leads us to this conclusion:The cosmology of the holy scriptures basically differ from theviewpoints of the Greek philosophers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - investigation of land cover changes using remote sensing technique (Case study: Katalan unit)
Maryam Nazemi jalal Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Elham ForootanBackground and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cove MoreBackground and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cover map for investigating land use changes during 12 years in this area. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, satellite images such as Landsat ETM 2001 and OLI 2013 were used after performing necessary corrections whereas; GPS and topographic maps were implemented for surveying fields and gathering trained samples. Land cover maps were provided using supervised classification method with maximum likelihood algorithm. Findings: The results of this study revealed that the study area comprises six classes viz. irrigated farm land, rainfed farm land, bare land, rock stone, range land and mine class. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient for 2013 map were estimated 86.11% and 0.82, respectively and theses values for 2001 land use map were 78.26%, and 0.71, respectively. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this research revealed that the class of farm land, bare land and range land were increased 1.84%, 1.29%, and 1.21%from 2001 to 2013, and the class of rock stone and rainfed farmland were decreased 5.09%, and 0 .62%, respectively. Also, there was not mine class in 2001 but this class was 1.36% equivalent to 49.3939 hectare of the whole area in 2013. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Capability of Land Cover Mapping in Local-Scale Using Supervised Algorithms (Case study: Guilan Province)
seyed ahmadreza nouredini Amireslam BonyadBackground and Objective: There was a possibility to study earth coverage on a large scale using remote sensing data. The support vector machines (SVM), artificial neural network ‏)ANN( and maximum likelihood )ML‏( algorithms were used to Land cover classificati MoreBackground and Objective: There was a possibility to study earth coverage on a large scale using remote sensing data. The support vector machines (SVM), artificial neural network ‏)ANN( and maximum likelihood )ML‏( algorithms were used to Land cover classification on OLI sensors data and 4 kernels in Guilan province. Methods: Classifications were based on training samples of 10 different covers in the entire Guilan province. To improve the classification accuracy on OLI image data, the MODIS atmospheric products used in 6SV atmospheric correction model. The OLI atmospheric corrected image segmented to 219000 polygons based on homogeneity. In this study 2% of polygons were used to test and training samples by the random statistical method. Polygons labeled to classes by field survey. Findings: Applying ANN, SVM and ML algorithms on the OLI images after atmospheric corrected by 6SV model, the overall accuracy of classification improved 0.11%, 0.8%, and 1.9% respectively. The results indicated that the land cover map by RBF-SVM had overall accuracy and kappa coefficient with 75.6% and 0.72 respectively. In this algorithm accuracy of agriculture, range‏ shrub land and water body classes were ‏93.16%, 72.55% and‏ 96.57% respectively. The results of this study indicated that SVM algorithm improved overall accuracy 1.67% compared to the ML algorithm. Discussion and Conclusion: This research indicated that in land cover classification and mapping of Guilan province, the nonparametric SVM algorithm had more accurate than the ML parametric algorithm. According to the results of this research, it is suggested that atmospheric correction models should be used especially on the large and local images. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Determine Pattern of Sustainability of Environmental Resources (Case Study farming city of Mashhad)
Sadegh Bafandeh Imandoust Kazem Farahmand Massoud homayounifarBackground and Objective: Given the impact of the environment on human life and hence human survival, environmental protection is considered essential. Therefore, in order to achieve this goal, it seems obvious to identify the items that provide environmental sustainabi MoreBackground and Objective: Given the impact of the environment on human life and hence human survival, environmental protection is considered essential. Therefore, in order to achieve this goal, it seems obvious to identify the items that provide environmental sustainability. Therefore, in this study, we will determine the pattern of resource sustainability in environmental protection. Method: The method used in this research is fractional programming. The fractional programming is the most common type of mathematical programming with relative targets. The purpose of fractional programming is to find the optimum value of a function which contains linear restrictions with respect to the variables. Findings: This study evaluates in two scenarios; in the first scenario it is assumed that all land should be used. Result of this section showed cultivation of barely, alfalfa and silage maize are the optimum cropping pattern in the region to sustain environmental resources. In the second scenarios it is assumed that strategic crops such as wheat, barley and sugar beet cultivation in the list of products exist. Result of this section showed cultivation of wheat, barley, sugar beet, cucumber and alfalfa are the optimum cropping pattern in the region to sustain environmental resources. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the pattern presents cultivation of crops in the area of environmental sustainability is not effective and that major changes must be made. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Zoning, zones management and landscape design periphery of Iranian ancient trees (Case study: Mongabad Mehriz old cedar)
Mohammad hadi Rad Mohammad hosan Irannejad parizii Saed Reza Mahdavi Amin YeganehBackground and Objective: Old trees are considered as rich genetic resources and valuable natural monuments. Among the old trees, the natural heritage of Mongabad Mehriz old cedar has always been the attention of people in Yazd province, especially the people of Mehriz MoreBackground and Objective: Old trees are considered as rich genetic resources and valuable natural monuments. Among the old trees, the natural heritage of Mongabad Mehriz old cedar has always been the attention of people in Yazd province, especially the people of Mehriz city, Iran. For the management and conservation of this tree, zoning, zones management planning and landscape design were needed and necessary. Material and Methodology: The base of this classified was IUCN classification and its match to the realities and comprehensive plan of the Mehriz city. Due to the review of the resources and conditions available, the perimeter of the cedar was classified in a range of 300m in different zones, contains management and recreational zones. Board capacity was also calculated for recreational activities in the tree area. Findings: The results of zoning studies showed that 4 zones as management zones and 2 zones as recreational zones are of special importance and should be considered. Management zones include restricted nature zone, protected zone, shield Zone, and other uses zone were with an area of 2826, 5024, 23550 and 251200 m2 respectively. Type I and II type promenade zone were 11664 and 15000m2. By mapping and identifying the physical status all of the zones, the necessary proposals for each one of the zones were presented. In this regard ecological sustainability of the environment and tree health were considered. Based on this view, in order to organize the tree for the promenade, the landscape design (with the maximum maintenance of the existing green space and surrounding monuments) was taken. The capacity of the range for recreational activities were estimated at 276 people per day. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that although activities performed in the recent years around the cedar have been the main and influential factor on tree health, but by designing and implementing management and recreation programs in the form of proposed zones, it is possible to rebuild with a focus on tree health and tourism boom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Review on 2D and 3D Building Change Detection Methods Based on Remotely Sensed Data
Sharareh Hosseini Fatemeh Tabib MahmoudiBackground and Objective: Land is rapidly changing at the local, regional, national, and global scales, with a significant impact on the environment. Some changes occur due to natural causes, while other changes due to human projects such as urban growth. Material and MoreBackground and Objective: Land is rapidly changing at the local, regional, national, and global scales, with a significant impact on the environment. Some changes occur due to natural causes, while other changes due to human projects such as urban growth. Material and Methodology: This article provides an overview on the categorization of different methods used in detecting urban changes with emphasis on building complexities. Advances in facilitating the acquisition of three-dimensional data have led to three-dimensional change detection methods with two concepts of geometric comparison (including height difference calculation, Euclidean distance and transition-based methods) and geometric-spectral analysis (including correction). The purpose of this review is to answer the question of whether advances in change detecion methods and converting them from two-dimensional methods to three-dimensional ones have been able to meet the challenges in this context. What is future research to improve the results of 3D change detection methods? Findings: According to the results of research on different types of change detection methods, although two-dimensional change detection methods have considerable variation, they lack altitude information and estimation of changes in the third dimension and in the face of high spatial and spectral resolution and three-dimensional effects such as buildings face challenges. Therefore, just by relying on the results of these methods, it is not possible to get a proper assessment of damages during accidents or construction estimations and so on. Discussion and Conclusion: In this article, while discussing the concepts presented in the three-dimensional methods of detecting changes, the strengths and weaknesses and challenges of the existing research are compared with the two-dimensional methods. It is concluded that in most cases, three-dimensional change detection methods rely heavily on two basic issues: 1) the use of advanced image-matching algorithms to produce three-dimensional data; 2) high-level machine learning techniques based on geometric and spectral data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Mapping of Land Use with an Object Base Classification Using WorldView-2 High Resolution Satellite Imagery
yousef taghi mollaei abdolali karamshahi Seyyed Yousef Erfanifard Mehdi HeydariBackground and Objective: Land cover maps are important data for environmental assessment. In this study, the accuracy of preparing the land use map of Haft Boram area of Shiraz with the base object algorithm on the World View 2 satellite images of 2015 has been investi MoreBackground and Objective: Land cover maps are important data for environmental assessment. In this study, the accuracy of preparing the land use map of Haft Boram area of Shiraz with the base object algorithm on the World View 2 satellite images of 2015 has been investigated.Method: In this study, World View 2 images have been used in the forests around Shiraz, which can provide detailed vegetation maps. The method of map preparation analysis is the method of the base object with the decision tree. The work process includes: segmentation, selection and extraction of the desired features including 9 classes with spectral indices, hierarchical classification of the base object and creation of a decision tree to classify the image, and finally classification and evaluating of its accuracy.Findings: The results showed that the classification classes were successful and the overall accuracy was 87.45%. The most accurate classification was obtained in the procedure accuracy for water, forest, crop, and building classes. The highest accuracy is related to water (100%).Discussion and Conclusion: Planting trees and natural forests were recognized by the base object method. Additional coastal bands provide the ability to detect Bayer lands from other vegetation. Distance to tree and shadow play an important role in the identification of buildings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Investigation of Quality and Quantity of Waste Generation in South Azadegan Oil Field (Southwest of Iran)
Zhinoos Tavakoli Hossein Sakhaeinia Farshid Pajoum ShariatiBackground and Objective: Oil fields can be considered as a major waste resource that leads to considerable adverse effects on human health and the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality, quantity and type of waste generated in the oil field o MoreBackground and Objective: Oil fields can be considered as a major waste resource that leads to considerable adverse effects on human health and the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality, quantity and type of waste generated in the oil field of South Azadegan. Material and Methodology: The present work reviewed the quality and quantity of waste generated in the south Azadegan oil field (Southwest of Iran) according to the production point and operation unit and waste classification. The present work was conducted in 2020 and firstly the various sectors of waste generation were identified and classified. Then a questionnaire was provided and distributed to all sectors for data collection. Ethical issues were considered at all stages. Fidings: The results showed that some recyclable wastes (approximately 35%) and organic waste (63.5%) were generated in the restaurant unit and the total weight of healthcare waste was 50Kg/year that include 28% non-infectious and 72% infectious waste. The engineering and sanitation unit of south Azadegan. produce the most waste generated in this area and the most wastes generated in this unit was drilling rig and fluids. Also, the chemical analysis of drilling rigs showed that the concentration of heavy metals in these samples is high. Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results, it should take into consideration that various wastes have been generated in studied area, some of which are hazardous, and new strategies should be used to protect the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The comparison of Artificial Neural Network to and maximum likelihood algorithms for forest changes detection
parvin bagherifar Reza Basiri Shahram Yosefi Khaneghah Hamidreza PourkhabbazBackground and Objective: Remote Sensing Technology is considered one of the most important sources of spatial and thematic data in the developed world of today. The objective of this work is a comparison of two different methods of change detection in forests using Lan MoreBackground and Objective: Remote Sensing Technology is considered one of the most important sources of spatial and thematic data in the developed world of today. The objective of this work is a comparison of two different methods of change detection in forests using Landsat images. Therefore, sensor Landsat TM images of 1990 and 2011 (ETM+) satellite images have been used. Material and Methodology: In the classification of images, the maximum likelihood algorithm, and artificial neural network to multilayer perceptron method were used. Findings: Evaluated results showed that the algorithm approach, the maximum likelihood overall accuracy, and kappa coefficient maps classified in TM image, respectively, are 96.72 and 0.96 percent and image ETM+ 98.02 and 0.97 percent, and the method of artificial neural networks, overall accuracy and kappa coefficient map classified, TM image was 98.22 and 0.97% and ETM+ image was 98.34and 0.97 percent respectively. Following TM and ETM+ classification maps to detect the changes were marked and the map changes obtained. Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study showed that using Landsat data along with data from have inventory capabilities of forest change mapping Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Tree Cover detection through Maxlike Classification of Land sat ETM + Images of the Year 2001 in Golestan Province
Aborasoul Salman Mahini Azadeh Nadali Jahangir Feghhi Borhan RiaziSparse vegetation gives rise to increased overland water flow، soil erosion، water pollution and decreased soil fertility. Golestan Province has witnessed a relatively extensive forest clearing during recent years causing intensified flooding. We used ETM+ land sat imag MoreSparse vegetation gives rise to increased overland water flow، soil erosion، water pollution and decreased soil fertility. Golestan Province has witnessed a relatively extensive forest clearing during recent years causing intensified flooding. We used ETM+ land sat imagery to classify forest cover of the Golestan Province using Max like classification and assessed its accuracy. Land uses and land covers were distinguished on the color composite images of the area and used as training sites for image classification that included all six bands of the imagery. We also used an ISO-Cluster unsupervised classification to derive 100 clusters for purifying initial training sites. Accuracy assessment was implemented through test set pixels that were randomized and set aside from the training set pixels. We also used a LISS III imagery to assess the accuracy of the classification. Our assessment proved the classification to be of high accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Investigation of hydrogeochemical characteristics and qualitative classification of Harzandat plain groundwater resources for various purposes, using hydrochemical methods
jamil rozrokh Asghar Asghari Moghaddam Ata Allah NadiriBackground and Objective: Inadequency of water resources or lack of appropriate resources have been among the challenges for human activities in the Harzandat plain due to shortage of rainfall. The purpose of this study was to evaluate geochemistry and hydrogeochemical MoreBackground and Objective: Inadequency of water resources or lack of appropriate resources have been among the challenges for human activities in the Harzandat plain due to shortage of rainfall. The purpose of this study was to evaluate geochemistry and hydrogeochemical anomalies and to determine groundwater usage (different uses for drinking, agriculture and industry) in the study area. Method: Due to the limited water resources in Harzandat plain, 16 groundwater samples were collected from wells, springs and qanats that sampling, and chemical analysis was carried out using standard procedures. Findings: The results of the Piper diagram show that the dominant type of groundwater is saline water in Harzandat plain. Calculation of the saturation index shows the interaction between water and rock and the state of saturation and super saturation relative to dolomite, calcite and aragonite minerals. According to the qualitative classification, the water in the study area falls within the range of moderate levle, and from the agriculture view point it is brackish water and unsuitable for irrigation. For industrial uses, some of the water resources have incrustation properties and they are partly corrosive, but most of the groundwater samples taken from the study area had incrustation properties and were unsuitable for industrial purposes. Conclusion: The results indicated the poor quality of drinking water, agriculture and industry in the central and northern parts of the plain. Also, based on the results from the Gibbs diagram, processes such as chemical weathering of mineral constituents of rock and evaporation influence the quality of groundwater in Harzandat plain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Land use/cover mapping usig satellite data and geographic information system (GIS) (Case study: Mouteh wild life sanctuary)
Vahid Rahdary Alireza Soffianian Saeideh Maleki Najfabdai Seyed Jamaleddin Khajeddin Meysam RahdariIntroduction: Nowadays remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are excellent tools to use in land use and land cover mapping. Identification land use /cover arrangement can help to proper land management. Material and Methods:In this study for Mouteh wil MoreIntroduction: Nowadays remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are excellent tools to use in land use and land cover mapping. Identification land use /cover arrangement can help to proper land management. Material and Methods:In this study for Mouteh wild life sanctuary’s land use land cover mapping IRS-P6, LISS III data which is planned at the same time with field sampling was taken in jun 2006were used. After preparing the satellite data, the geometric correction was applied to an image with the 0.65 mean square error. In the next step, due to being the mountainous zone topographic correction was performed on the image.Finely land use/cover maps were produced by using combinatorial classification method. Vegetation cover percentage map was prepared by using SAVI index and field sampling. Each land use/cover map was produced using several image processing. Using GIS technique Land use/cover layer combined together and land use/cover map was produced. In order to thematic accuracy assess Kappa coefficient and total accuracy were calculated respectively equal: 0/92 and 0/94 that shown proper image classification. Results: Study result show that vegetation cover with 0-10% crown has highest area in region with 81690(ha) either mining residential area was respectively 828 and 249(ha). Discussion And Conclusions:Result shown that hybrid classification method has high ability for land use/cover mapping especially when land use/cover have similar reflectance that common classification methods such as supervise and unsupervised classification can not produce proper maps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Tree Cover detection through Maxlike Classification of Land sat ETM + Images of the Year 2001 in Golestan Province
Abdorrasoul Salman Mahini Azade Nadali Jahangir i Feghhi Borhan RiyaziSparse vegetation gives rise to increased overland water flow, soil erosion, water pollution and decreased soil fertility. Golestan Province has witnessed a relatively extensive forest clearing during recent years causing intensified flooding. We used ETM+ land sa MoreSparse vegetation gives rise to increased overland water flow, soil erosion, water pollution and decreased soil fertility. Golestan Province has witnessed a relatively extensive forest clearing during recent years causing intensified flooding. We used ETM+ land sat imagery to classify forest cover of the Golestan Province using Max like classification and assessed its accuracy. Land uses and land covers were distinguished on the color composite images of the area and used as training sites for image classification that included all six bands of the imagery. We also used an ISO-Cluster unsupervised classification to derive 100 clusters for purifying initial training sites. Accuracy assessment was implemented through test set pixels that were randomized and set aside from the training set pixels. We also used a LISS III imagery to assess the accuracy of the classification. Our assessment proved the classification to be of high accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Land use change detection using remote sensing and GIS (Case study: Qhaemshahr city)
Gholam Reza Sabzghabaei Kaveh Jafarzadeh Seyedeh Soolmaz Dashti Shaharam Yousefi Khanghah Mojgan Bazmara BaleshtiBackground and Objective: One of the main issues in regional planning and development is land use change by human activities. Considering the benefits and potentials of satellite data, we can use remote sensing to extract and find this changes. Method: In this study, l MoreBackground and Objective: One of the main issues in regional planning and development is land use change by human activities. Considering the benefits and potentials of satellite data, we can use remote sensing to extract and find this changes. Method: In this study, land use changes of Qhaemshahr in a 15 years term has been detected. In this study, ETM+ images of 1999 and OLI images of 2014 of Landsat satellite has been used. After pre-processing via super wised classification, land use map has been extracted. Findings: Finally 5 land use types has been identified in this region. The kappa coefficient and the overall accuracy was 98.4 % and 0.97 % for ETM+ results and 99.67% and 0.97% for OLI results sequentially. The results showed that agricultural lands, forest, water covered areas has been converted to building zone and garden. The Results showed that 27.26% increase in garden regions, and 45.32 % decrease in agricultural zones during 15 years, also Forest lands and water covered decreased and building zones increased during 15 years. Discussion and Conclusion: The results confirm that satellite information for extracting land use maps and detecting land use changes is an effective method for planning the natural resources management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Determining the optimal method for classification and mapping of land use/land cover through comparison of artificial neural network and support vector machine algorithms using satellite data (Case study: International Hamoun wetland)
amir houshang ehsani Mojtaba ShakeryariBackground and Objective: Images classification is one of the important techniques for interpretation of satellite images that is widely used in survey of earth changes. In the meantime, satellite data has been recognized as the best tool for detection and evaluation of MoreBackground and Objective: Images classification is one of the important techniques for interpretation of satellite images that is widely used in survey of earth changes. In the meantime, satellite data has been recognized as the best tool for detection and evaluation of changes due to its update information, low costs and variety of forms. Therefore, land use/land cover map is one of the most important information required by the environmental managers and planners. On the other hand, in recent years, artificial neural network method has been used widely for the classification of satellite data. The aim of this study is to compare three different methods for land cover classification using 2014 OLI image over a 26-year period. Method: In this study, digital data of OLI (2014) sensor was used in order to optimize image classification method. Initially, the image was corrected in terms of geometry and radiometry in the ENVI software. Then IDRISI software was used for image classification using three different methods: fuzzy artmap, multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks and support vector machine. Finally, land cover maps were classified into five categories: water, vegetation, canebrake, barren lands and saline lands. To evaluate accuracy with the help of user accuracy, producer accuracy, overall accuracy, kappa coefficient and error matrix, the created map was compared with the ground reality map created by GPS, Google Earth images and field observations. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of image accuracy evaluation showed that among the applied methods the fuzzy artmap algorithm had the highest accuracy in classification of satellite data with an overall accuracy of 94.68 and kappa coefficient of 0.91 compared to both multilayer perceptron artificial algorithm with an overall accuracy of 92.99 and kappa coefficient of 0.89 and support vector machine with an overall accuracy of 90.93 and kappa coefficient of 0.85. This study showed that classification of fuzzy artmap artificial neural network algorithm has a high capability to create the land cover map with high accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Exploring Land Cover Changes in Arak Using GIS and Remote Sensing
Mozhgan Ahmadi Nadoushan Alireza Soffianian Sayed Jamaleddin KhajeddinIntroduction: Land cover changes are among the most important alterations of the Earth’s land surface which affect the environment and environmental processes. Material and Methods: In this study, aerial photos from 1956 and 1972, Landsat TM and IRS-P6 LISS-III im MoreIntroduction: Land cover changes are among the most important alterations of the Earth’s land surface which affect the environment and environmental processes. Material and Methods: In this study, aerial photos from 1956 and 1972, Landsat TM and IRS-P6 LISS-III images obtained in 1980 and 2006 as well as the post-classification method were used to detect land cover changes and to evaluate Arak and its periphery during 1956-2006. At first, geometric correction was done to prepare aerial photos and satellite images. For this purpose, topographic maps at scales of 1:50000 and 1:25000 and nearest neighbor method and resampling method were applied. Root mean square error for all aerial photos and satellite images was less than one pixel. Afterwards, all georefrenced photos were mosaicked and land cover maps with 4 classes (urban areas, vegetated areas, barren lands, and rocks) were generated using visual interpretation of aerial photos. Following satellite images geometric correction, topographic correction was applied to images using DEM and Lambert model. In the next step, thye artificial neural networks classification method was implemented after producing false color composite images and image fusion. Results: Land cover maps in four classes were generated with overall accuracy of over 90%. To detect the land cover changes during 4 periods between 1956 and 2006, land cover maps of 1956, 1972, 1990 and 2006 were compared, and change maps and Tables were made. The results showed significant urban expansion, vegetated and barren lands losses and stability in rocks and mountainous areas during 1956-2006. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - عنوان مقاله / English Daily Stock Price Movement Prediction Using Sentiment text mining of social network and data mining of Technical indicators
Kamel Ebrahimian ebrahim abbasi Akbar Alam tabriz Amir MohammadzadehThis study predicts the future movement of stock prices in the short term by using the analysis of investors' opinions on the social network. The predictability of stock markets, due to having a complex, dynamic and nonlinear system that it has always been one of the ch MoreThis study predicts the future movement of stock prices in the short term by using the analysis of investors' opinions on the social network. The predictability of stock markets, due to having a complex, dynamic and nonlinear system that it has always been one of the challenges for researchers. In this research, for the first time, we developed a model with 72.08%accuracy for predicting stock movement and predicting the trend by analyzing the feelings of users' opinions and combining it with 20 technical indicators and we use three data mining algorithms include decision tree, Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine. According to the results, the support vector machine showed better performance than the other algorithms. It was also found that the next day trading volume and the number of comments have a significant correlation and the results of Granger causality test showed can be used to predict stock price and also it took advantage of the aggregation of users' daily emotions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - انتخاب سهام با روش ترکیبی تحلیل پوششی داده ها و الگوریتم رقابت استعماری
F. Faezy Raziمقاله حاضرچهارچوب جدیدی برای ایجاد یک پرتفوی جدید از سهام ارایه می دهد . در این مقاله بحث می شود که چگونه یک پرتفوی بهینه ی سهام از طریق رویکرد حاضر در مقایسه با روش های قبلی طراحی می شود.در این مقاله ، پرتفوی سرمایه گذاری بر اساس الگوریتم داده کاوی چید بر مبنای معیار ر Moreمقاله حاضرچهارچوب جدیدی برای ایجاد یک پرتفوی جدید از سهام ارایه می دهد . در این مقاله بحث می شود که چگونه یک پرتفوی بهینه ی سهام از طریق رویکرد حاضر در مقایسه با روش های قبلی طراحی می شود.در این مقاله ، پرتفوی سرمایه گذاری بر اساس الگوریتم داده کاوی چید بر مبنای معیار ریسک تشکیل می شود.در مرحله ی بعد ، دومین پرتفوی سرمایه گذاری بر مبنای قواعد تصمیم استخراج شده بر مبنای مدل DEA-BCC ایجاد می شود.پرتفوی نهایی از طریق یک مدل برنامه ریزی دو هدفه مبتنی بر الگوریتم رقابت استعماری ایجاد می شود.متدولوژی ارایه شده از طریق یک مطالعه موردی در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران بکار گرفته شده است.نتایج الگوریتم چید بر مبنای فیلد خروجی ریسک نشان می دهد که تمام سهام های کاندیدا در یک کلاس قرار نمی گیرد و ضروری است که هر کلاس از سهام های کاندیدا در مقایسه با سایر کلاس های سهام به صورت مستقل مورد ارزیابی قرار بگیرد.نتایج بکارگیری الگوریتم رقابت استعماری در مقیاس های کوچک و متوسط بر مبنای روش تاگوچی نشان می دهد که سهام های مورد مطالعه در روش بکار گرفته شده کالیبره می باشد.بر خلاف سایر روش های انتخاب پرتفوی سهام ،این مقاله ابتدا سهام ها را از طریق الگوریتم چید طبقه بندی می کند . سهام های طبقه بندی شده در هر کلاس به طور مستقل از طریق مدل DEA-BCC موردارزیابی قرار می گیرد.در نهایت پرتفوی بهینه از طریق الگوریتم رقابت استعماری انتخاب می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - پیش بینی خطر سکته مغزی بر اساس علائم کلینیکی با استفاده از روش رگرسیون لجستیک
مائده غلام آزاد جعفر پورمحمود علیرضا آتشی مهدی فرهودی رضا دلجوان انوریمدل سازی ریاضی یکی از روش های عملی است که می توان از آن برای حل مسائل واقعی استفاده کرد. مدلسازی را میتوان با استفاده از روشهای مختلفی از جمله روشهای آماری که میتوان از آنها برای پیشبینی رویدادهای مختلف استفاده کرد، انجام داد. سلامت یکی از مهمترین زمینه های تحقیقا Moreمدل سازی ریاضی یکی از روش های عملی است که می توان از آن برای حل مسائل واقعی استفاده کرد. مدلسازی را میتوان با استفاده از روشهای مختلفی از جمله روشهای آماری که میتوان از آنها برای پیشبینی رویدادهای مختلف استفاده کرد، انجام داد. سلامت یکی از مهمترین زمینه های تحقیقاتی در جهان امروز است. از بین بیماری های مختلف در بخش سلامت، این مطالعه مربوط به سکته مغزی است که دومین عامل مرگ و میر و ناتوانی طولانی مدت انسان است که منجر به انجام این تحقیق شده است. هدف اصلی این تحقیق طراحی و ساخت یک مدل پیشبینیکننده سکته مغزی بر اساس علائم و گزارشهای بالینی بیماران است که پیش بینی میکند که آیا در آینده نزدیک سکته مغزی در بیماران رخ میدهد یا خیر. با استفاده از روش رگرسیون لجستیک، عوامل خطر اصلی سکته مغزی شناسایی و میزان بروز آنها پیشبینی شده است. در این مطالعه اطلاعات بالینی از 5411 بیمار جمعآوری و پس از اعمال روش LR، مدل پیشبینیکننده طراحی شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The Semi-Additive Production Technology in Presence Flexible Measures in DEA
J. Geramiتحلیل پوششی داده ها کارایی نسبی واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده را بر اساس ورودیها و خروجیهای آنها به دست می آورد. در موقعیتهای زیادی بعضی از متغیرها، برای یک واحد تصمیم گیرنده می توانند نقش ورودی یا خروجی را بازی کنند. ارائه یک مدل مناسب که بتواند کارایی واحد تحت ارزیابی را با Moreتحلیل پوششی داده ها کارایی نسبی واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده را بر اساس ورودیها و خروجیهای آنها به دست می آورد. در موقعیتهای زیادی بعضی از متغیرها، برای یک واحد تصمیم گیرنده می توانند نقش ورودی یا خروجی را بازی کنند. ارائه یک مدل مناسب که بتواند کارایی واحد تحت ارزیابی را با انتخاب صحیح نقش این متغیرها حداکثر کند دارای اهمیت می باشد. یکی از تکنولوژی های تولید در تحلیل پوششی دادهها، تکنولوژی شبه جمعی می باشد. این تکنولوژی علاوه بر واحدهای تصمیمگیرنده مشاهده شده، واحدهای تجمعی متناظر با آنها را نیز در ارزیابی کارایی در نظر می گیرد. در این مقاله در ابتدا تکنولوژی تولید شبه جمعی را در حضور اندازههای انعطاف پذیر بدست می آوریم. ما نشان میدهیم که واحدهای تجمعی متناظر با هر یک از واحدهای تصمیمگیرنده در حضور اندازه های انعطاف پذیر چگونه به دست می آیند. در ادامه دو تقریب متفاوت برای اندازه گیری کارایی واحدهای تصمیمگیرنده در حضور اندازه های انعطاف پذیر در تکنولوژی شبه جمعی ارائه می دهیم و به مقایسه مقادیر کارایی واحدها بر اساس این تقریب ها می پردازیم. همچنین تقریب های ارائه شده در این مقاله را برای ارزیابی کارایی مجموعه داده ها مربوط به واحدهای دانشگاهی به کار می¬بریم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Change detection of land use in Ardabil city by means of GIS and RS Technology
Mirmasood Kheirkhah Zarkesh Farhad Hoseinzadeh azadSince agricultural plain lands of Ardabil have been important in providing food stuffs, and due to the necessities of land usage management in this section, determination of process and change-rating of land cover I important for developers. In this regard, dynamic temp MoreSince agricultural plain lands of Ardabil have been important in providing food stuffs, and due to the necessities of land usage management in this section, determination of process and change-rating of land cover I important for developers. In this regard, dynamic temporal data of remote sensing can play an important role in searching and analyzing of land usage change which is done by means of numerical change detection techniques in which the descriptive process of changes in covering variety and situation of land use is based on the temporal series image data. Basic hypothesis in using remote sensing data is on the base of these criteria that claims the ascending or descending nature of changes between two or more periods is recognizable, and by comparing the related data from different years, we can detect mutual relationships between natural, social and economic parameters. In this study, maximum likelihood supervised classification and change detection techniques were applied to Land sat images acquired in 1990 and 2007, respectively, to map land cover changes in the Ardebil city. A supervised classification was carried out on reflective bands for the four images individually with the aid of ground truth data. Ground truth information collected were used to assess the accuracy of the classification results. Using ancillary data, and expert knowledge of the area through GIS further refined the classification results. Change detection technique was used to produce change image through cross-tabulation Changes among different land cover classes were assessed. During the study period, a very severe land cover change has taken place as a result of agricultural and urban development projects. These changes in land cover led to vegetation degradation and cropland in part of the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Preparing Ghoorichay Catchment Land Cover Map Using Satellite Image Analysis
Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Dariush NaseriBackground: Land use/land cover has long been considered for natural resource planning and management and remote sensing techniques are the best tools to produce land use/cover maps. There are various methods for preparing land use maps. Objective: The purpose of this MoreBackground: Land use/land cover has long been considered for natural resource planning and management and remote sensing techniques are the best tools to produce land use/cover maps. There are various methods for preparing land use maps. Objective: The purpose of this study is to prepare a land cover map of Ghoorichay watershed using processing and classification of satellite images, which is one of the most important watersheds of Ardabil province. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, Landsat 8 satellite images related to June 2015 were classified using supervised maximum likelihood and fuzzy classification methods. Results: The results showed that rangelands, bare lands, dry lands, and residential lands (village) are the major land uses in the area, respectively. According to the results, maximum likelihood method with kappa coefficient of 0.82 and overall accuracy of %88 is more accurate than fuzzy classification method with kappa coefficient of 0.81 and overall accuracy of %87. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, despite the high capability of satellite images in the preparation of land use map, in order to increase the accuracy of classification, peripheral parameters should be used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Classification and Assessment of the land use changes using Landsat satellite imagery (Case Study: Rey Plain)
pegah mohammadpour reza Arjmandi Amir Hesam Hasani Jamal GhoddousiBackground and Purpose :Land use change due to human activities is one of the important issues in regional and development planning. Lack of attention to land use changes in recent decades has created many environmental problems such as pollution of water resources, soi MoreBackground and Purpose :Land use change due to human activities is one of the important issues in regional and development planning. Lack of attention to land use changes in recent decades has created many environmental problems such as pollution of water resources, soil, etc. Therefore, the study and analysis of land use at different scales with the aim of sustainable development in the proper management of the environment and natural resources is essential. Remote sensing and GIS provide the necessary and sufficient facilities for extracting and updating land use maps and determining its amount. This study aims to investigate changes in land use conversion using remote sensing technology and satellite images for four periods It has been done for 3 years, from 2008 to 2020 in Rey plain. Material and Methodology: TM and OLI satellite images of Landsat 5 and 8 satellites were used to prepare land use maps for the studied years. Then the satellite images were monitored by classification method and were classified using the maximum neighborhood probability algorithm with an overall accuracy of 87.39 to 95.78% and a kappa coefficient of 85 to 93% in four user classes.. In the next step, land use maps were compared. Results: Based on the analysis, it was found that in the period under study, 26.07 square kilometers of Barren lands in this area has changed to agricultural, industrial and residential lands. As a result, the area of Barren lands has decreased and other uses have increased during the studied years. , So that the area of land with agricultural, industrial and residential use has increased by 14.66 square kilometers, 9.77 square kilometers, 1.64 square kilometers, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the research show that the most important factor in land use change in the region is human activities that have caused many changes in land use. Analysis of the area of these uses showed that the level of agricultural land has increased significantly, mainly this increase. The result is the conversion of agricultural land use. Finally, the results of this study indicate that the combination of remote sensing techniques and GIS in the implementation of models for assessing spatial-temporal changes in land use, in order to know the type and percentage of land use and the extent of their changes, is very effective. The title of a management parameter can help planners of different executive departments in monitoring and managing the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Producing Islamshahr Land-Use Maps in 2015 Using Maximum Likelihood and Fuzzy Classification Methods
Sanaz shafiee Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Mohammad RezavaniRelated data to land cover and land use has a great importance for land use planning and land management. Nowadays, satellite imagery and remote sensing techniques are the best ways to extract land cover and land use maps as a fundamental map in territory planning. Comp MoreRelated data to land cover and land use has a great importance for land use planning and land management. Nowadays, satellite imagery and remote sensing techniques are the best ways to extract land cover and land use maps as a fundamental map in territory planning. Comparison between maximum likelihood and fuzzy methods to extract land cover maps and satellite images of Islamshahr using OLI Landsat for 2015 is the main objective of this study. To achieve this goal, by applying indispensable pre-processing, implementation and operation of processing images using maximum likelihood and fuzzy thematic map covers and land use algorithm in five classes, including man-made, bare land, agricultural land, orchard, landscape and road have been prepared. The overall accuracy was evaluated and determined by accuracy of the two methods. Based on the results, in both methods, man-made land use accounted for most of the area and the road showed the lowest and results of evaluation have shown that the classification using maximum likelihood algorithm with overall accuracy of 88.10% and kappa coefficient 0.84 compared to fuzzy method with 87.83 accuracy and kappa coefficient 0.83 are much more accurate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Range classification and evaluation using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Normalized Difference Vegetatiosn Index (NDVI) (Case study: Hablehrood subwatershed of shahrabad basin)
Khadijeh abolfathi Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Mohammad RezvaniEvaluation of canopy rate, production, condition and trends of rangeland is important because of their role in preservation of water and soil resources. The aim of this research is to range classification and evaluation of rangelands of some part of Hable rood catchment MoreEvaluation of canopy rate, production, condition and trends of rangeland is important because of their role in preservation of water and soil resources. The aim of this research is to range classification and evaluation of rangelands of some part of Hable rood catchment using Geographical Information System (GIS( and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index .To do it, range classification was done using field work with Physiognomic- Floristic method along with vegetation sampling in a Stratified random sampling form. To define the condition and trends of the rangelands, the methods named four-factor and orientations were used in row. In this research, to increase the accuracy of the border of final vegetation types, land form unit map and composition of land form unit map with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) map were used in ArcGIS 9.3 surrounding and the border of vegetation types were corrected. Land use map is provided using fuzzy method in the ERDAS IMAGINE software, and then, using Normalized Difference Vegetation index and field work, with respect to the canopy density the rangeland were divided to the three classes named dense range, semi dense range and low dense range. The results indicated the separation of for vegetation types. Also, rangeland was divided to the three categories named good, moderate and weak rangeland with respect to the vegetation canopy. The type named Astragalus spp_ Artemisia sieberi has a moderate condition while the 3 other types have weak condition. Also, all of the 4 vegetation types in the studied area have minus trend. Using GIS and vegetation index can be an effective tool in vegetation type and classification with high accuracy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Audience Classification in Contemporary Visual Arts and Classical Arts of Iran by Studying Comparative Literature
Soheyla Dizgoli Shahnaz Ali Poori MeralooThe purpose of the present paper is to study the classification of audience in the context of time in Iranian contemporary art. One of the challenges that are evident in the art of today's Iranian society is the shaky position of the audience. A position that should be MoreThe purpose of the present paper is to study the classification of audience in the context of time in Iranian contemporary art. One of the challenges that are evident in the art of today's Iranian society is the shaky position of the audience. A position that should be decisive, but other factors that are out of the realm of art and the artist such as the view of politics and power and economics to this category are more influential. It seems that knowledge of the audience depended on the view of the elites of society to different types of audiences, but to what extent this classification of the audience, which ultimately led to the absence of the audience, was based on the correct knowledge of the top people in society or based on the top attitude to the elites of society. It can be said that various factors are influential in classifying the audience of art. According to the present study, it can be said that the audience of art in the context of time have been different based on social, economic, political and ... factors. Also, in order to divide the audience, effective and key factors must be considered at any time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - A Critical Study on Motivations and Quran Classification Principles of Jull La Baume
Seyyed Mahdi Lotfi Zahra HashemiQuranic subjects' classification was Easterns concern which Jull La Baume – as an effective scholar in this field – presented his classification in eighteen levels. His classification is affected by scientific and operational motivations such as availability MoreQuranic subjects' classification was Easterns concern which Jull La Baume – as an effective scholar in this field – presented his classification in eighteen levels. His classification is affected by scientific and operational motivations such as availability to Quranic subjects. He also considered his special principles and ideologies such as Quran's revelation, paying attention to Islamic sources and their declassification, ignoring the traditions and not referring to the definite historical documents. The present article seeks to achieve Jull La Baume's classification principles by considering his motivations in order to a better understanding and expression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - A study on Quran's Subjective Classifications
Seyyed Mahdi Lotfi Fatemeh HadianQuran's Subjective classification has an ancient background but a great change has happened in the present era and different classifications have been created. These classifications are dividable into two ones; independent and subjective interpretations. A significant p MoreQuran's Subjective classification has an ancient background but a great change has happened in the present era and different classifications have been created. These classifications are dividable into two ones; independent and subjective interpretations. A significant part of the independent classification is not a complete attempt of Quranic subjects and there is no logical process in its survey. This paper studies the different types of subjective classifications in critical – descriptive method as well as explaining their pathology and finally advises a solution to remove the above-mentioned problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Arabic Language and its Place Among the Languages
H . Ahmad OsmanLanguage is a means of interaction, understanding, and coexistence among people. The language of any nation mirrors its thoughts and ideas and is a manifestation of its pride in various literary, social, political respects. Evidently, the honor of any nation lies in its MoreLanguage is a means of interaction, understanding, and coexistence among people. The language of any nation mirrors its thoughts and ideas and is a manifestation of its pride in various literary, social, political respects. Evidently, the honor of any nation lies in its language. The same is also true for the survival of the nation, which again is intermingled with the perpetuity of its language. Nations with a rich cultural heritage and ancient civilizations have always attempted to attract (by any means) the attention of other nations to themselves. There are various viewpoints as to the origin of language, whether it has been a revelation or an intuition, or else it is created spontaneously or in a gradual form. Arabic, among other languages, is derivative in nature, and has amazing sound-sense congruence. Unfortunately, due to the death of many of its users and the fact that many Muslims were busy with expansion of Islam, majority of its words have faded away. Meantime, owing to the mixture of Arabs and non-Arabs, a lot of loanwords have entered into Arabic; the difference between Basri and Kufi syntacticians has also had a negative influence on Arabic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Low-Rank Representation and Spectral-Spatial Information
Fatemeh Hajiani Naser Parhizgar Ahmad KeshavarzClassification of hyperspectral images is one of the most important processes on these images. Hyperspectral images are high dimensional, so classification of these images is difficult. Therefore, methods that extract low-dimensional subspace structures from the hypersp MoreClassification of hyperspectral images is one of the most important processes on these images. Hyperspectral images are high dimensional, so classification of these images is difficult. Therefore, methods that extract low-dimensional subspace structures from the hyperspectral image are considered. The low-rank representation method can extract the low-dimensional subspace structure in the data. This method considers the global structure of the data. In this paper, to preserve the global and local structure in the data, spares and low-rank representation feature extraction method based on spectral and spatial information is presented. The data structure is better revealed using this model, and the discrimination of the features is increased. In this model, each pixel is expressed by a linear combination of dictionary atoms. In addition, to solve the optimization problem, the alternating direction method of multipliers has been used. The simulation results show that the proposed model has better results than other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Spatial -Spectral Feature Extraction using Three-Dimensional Singular Spectrum Analysis for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Ehsan Dashtifard Azar Mahmoodzadeh Ahmad Keshavarz Hamed AgahiFeature extraction has a valuable role in hyperspectral images processing. In recent years, various methods have been presented to extract efficient features of hyperspectral images. Recent studies have successfully used conventional singular spectrum analysis in the sp MoreFeature extraction has a valuable role in hyperspectral images processing. In recent years, various methods have been presented to extract efficient features of hyperspectral images. Recent studies have successfully used conventional singular spectrum analysis in the spectral domain and two-dimensional singular spectrum analysis in the spatial domain for feature extraction in hyperspectral images. However, a lack of success in joint spectral-spatial feature extraction is a problem with both algorithms. This study uses a three-dimensional singular spectrum analysis extension to overcome this problem. The implementation of proposal model on hyperspectral images removes the noise components during spectral-spatial feature extraction process and significantly improves features identification capability. This study conducts experiments using two publically available datasets. Experimental results show that our proposed method has a promising performance so that it has obtained a classification accuracy of at least 1.93% and 1.27% respectively on the hyperspectral dataset of Indian Pines and Pavia University compared to other recent methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Extraction of Multiple Hybrid Features to Reduce the Semantic Vacuum with the Semi-Supervised Classification
Mahdi Jalali Tohid SedghiIn this paper, for the classification of images, the observed cooperative classification method is proposed with the aim of reducing the semantic vacuum. Because most classification methods are sensitive to cluster centers at initialization, the algorithm converges opti MoreIn this paper, for the classification of images, the observed cooperative classification method is proposed with the aim of reducing the semantic vacuum. Because most classification methods are sensitive to cluster centers at initialization, the algorithm converges optimally locally if the quantification is not done correctly. It is also very difficult to combine the results of the classification due to the fact that the labels of the work centers are not clear. Supervised semi-classification is used to solve these problems. To achieve the highest performance, the system classification results are combined with different color space and similarity criteria with multiple features as a semi-supervised cooperative. When the number of features is effective, the relevant feedback is used for its semi-regulatory classification. One of the most important parts of an image retrieval system and a classification algorithm is to determine the appropriate similarity between images. In this study, two methods of classification of cases have been used, which include k-NN and PNN classification, which according to the results in all proposed methods, a better response from k-NN classification than PNN has been observed. The proposed algorithm is very suitable for classifying large image databases due to the reduction of time complexity. Also, in image retrieval in different color spaces and using different similarity criteria, different classifications are obtained. Better results can be achieved if the classification results are combined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - A new method of improving fractal image compression by combining block classification and quadratic tree division
Jaleh Molaye Zahedi Hamid Dehghani Alireza MalahzadehHere, to improve the quality of the reconstructed image, a kind of fractal compression method is proposed, which is based on block classification and quadratic tree segmentation. First, the image is divided by an adaptive quadruple tree method. Sub-blocks are then class MoreHere, to improve the quality of the reconstructed image, a kind of fractal compression method is proposed, which is based on block classification and quadratic tree segmentation. First, the image is divided by an adaptive quadruple tree method. Sub-blocks are then classified at each level. Experimental results show that the image reconstructed and amplified by this method has a higher peak-to-peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and a better visual effect than the adaptive quadratic splitting method, while the compression ratio Has also increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The Comparison of Classification Algorithms for Remote Sensing Images
najmeh Cheraghi Shirazi Roozbeh Hamzehyan Ashkan MasoomiAlthough a large number of remote sensing image classification algorithm is proposed, but rarely performance of them are compared with each other. In this research, we classify satellite remote sensing images using two unsupervised classification algorithm and eight sup MoreAlthough a large number of remote sensing image classification algorithm is proposed, but rarely performance of them are compared with each other. In this research, we classify satellite remote sensing images using two unsupervised classification algorithm and eight supervised classification algorithm which includes a number of common algorithms twenty years, tested and compared. Our analysis focused on satellite images of the 12 spectral bands. In comparison of these algorithms, the number of training samples is equated. These algorithms are compared with each other in terms of complexity, accuracy and reliability. The results show that accuracy of classification directly proportion to the number of training samples. The user can also choose efficient algorithms, depending on the complexity, accuracy and reliability of each parameter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - use Pearson’s Linear Correlation and the combination of Data Mining Algorithms simultaneously to improve prognosis of a kind of tumor in cancer patients
mohsen gholami Seyed Javad MirabediniNowadays, breast cancer is the most common cancer disease among women. Statistics shows a six percent increase in Iran which indicates it as a serious danger. However, its danger can be prevented increasingly by early diagnosis or prediction. By medical science progress MoreNowadays, breast cancer is the most common cancer disease among women. Statistics shows a six percent increase in Iran which indicates it as a serious danger. However, its danger can be prevented increasingly by early diagnosis or prediction. By medical science progress, the way for developing of a system with the capability of prevention, prognosis and cure by using the new technologies is paved. Medical data mining tries to design a model and find relationships among risky factors to predict the condition of future patients with the aid of current data. We try to compare different data mining algorithms and combination of these algorithms to develop a new, efficient method with high accuracy and capability to perform on local data. Finally, proposed method which improves efficiency of Naive Bayes with Adaboost algorithm can predict the kind of benign or malign tumor with the 96/67% accuracies. Required data for this procedure is extracted from UCI site to diagnose the kind of tumor with 569 records and 32 variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Using Ant Colony Algorithm and Pairwise Learning to Classify Attack in Intrusion Detection Systems
Mohammad Ali Nadoomi Majid SinaIntrusion detection systems for security in computer networks have been proposed to be crossed if the attacker from other security equipment, able to detect it and prevent it from advancing. One of the challenges of these systems, it is high dimensional data. In this st MoreIntrusion detection systems for security in computer networks have been proposed to be crossed if the attacker from other security equipment, able to detect it and prevent it from advancing. One of the challenges of these systems, it is high dimensional data. In this study was to reduce the dimensions of a simple genetic algorithm with the length of the string variable we use. Then, according to selected characteristics, a meta-heuristic model for data classification, using ant colony algorithm offer. Classification model proposed by trying to divide the data into two samples is Hnjydh and Nahnjydh. The proposed method for evaluating the performance of database intrusion detection NSL-KDD than other data from the records of more realistic approach is used. The results of the experiments, the proposed method has better performance compared with other existing methods show. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Use of Classification Models for Optimize Link Prediction in the Ego-Social Networks
Soheila Nemati Mehdi sadeghzadeh maziyar ganjooSocial propositional systems are a new generation of systems that use the social network as a user modeling platform to maximize some challenges by using rich interactive data volumes. To make Social networking sites offer new friends to registered users based on local MoreSocial propositional systems are a new generation of systems that use the social network as a user modeling platform to maximize some challenges by using rich interactive data volumes. To make Social networking sites offer new friends to registered users based on local graph features. The main purpose of the link prediction problem on social networks is to suggest a list of users to a particular user that they will probably be communicating in the future. In this research, a prediction method for the link is presented based on the characteristics of classification models. Here, the prediction problem of the link is transformed into a classifying problem with two positive and negative classes, where the positive class represents the relationship and the negative class indicates that the two users are not communicating. Three classical classes DT, NN and NB are used for classification work. To create the dataset, the features of credibility, optimism, number of neighbors, the number of paths of different lengths, the number of shared tweets, the number of internal and external axes are used. Although self-centered grids do not have much overlap in the rings, experiments show that the consideration of self-directed pathways significantly improves predictive performance. The DT classification has recorded the best performance with an average accuracy of 99.85%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Offering a model for persian texts classify by combination of classification methods
iman jamali Seyed Javad Mirabedini علی HarounabadiTo classify text information extraction techniques, natural language processing and machine learning has been widely used general purpose of categories of documents, classified documents in the form of a certain number of categories are pre-determined. Each document can MoreTo classify text information extraction techniques, natural language processing and machine learning has been widely used general purpose of categories of documents, classified documents in the form of a certain number of categories are pre-determined. Each document can be in one, several or no category is placed. In the case of any document to this question will be placed the document on which of the categories. This can be in the form of an automatic learning to use it any document can be automatically assigned to a category. In this thesis, data collection and cleanup after you select text using the normal method of word frequency -inverse document frequency (norm TF-IDF) is the weight features and features in two stages using document frequency (DF) and Chi square (SChi) are selected, and then using principal component analysis (PCA) features reduced dimensions, and at a later stage by combining 21 support vector machine (SVM) the proposed model we have implemented, and the accuracy of the model to assess the 10-step method validation. Experimental results show that this model can text classification accuracy of 91.86 for the seven categories do, which has a higher accuracy than the earlier work done. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Origins of "Shahnameh" and Art and Literary Impressions on Ferdousi
Abdoljabar Rahmanove Mostafa Babakhani,Abstract "Shahnameh" is a Literary, historical and national masterwork; so, it impacts on our culture and literature is undeniable. Undoubtedly, "Shahnameh" is one of the most important works that during thousands of years of Iranian ups and downs history affects on pr MoreAbstract "Shahnameh" is a Literary, historical and national masterwork; so, it impacts on our culture and literature is undeniable. Undoubtedly, "Shahnameh" is one of the most important works that during thousands of years of Iranian ups and downs history affects on protection of honorable legacy of the ancestors and recognition and promotion of national, culture and language identities. Mystery of its impression and insolubility is that Ferdousi relied on national old stories and anecdotes, and provide them in the most beautiful art and literary matter. Thus, study of Shahnameh is in the context of national studies. In the present article, it is tried to find connection of art and literary aspects of "Shahnameh" by determination of available resources for Ferdousi in composing "Shahnameh"; then, we will investigate honesty and loyalty of Ferdousi to the resources and his art and literary innovation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Improving the speed and accuracy of arrhythmia classification based on morphological features of ECG signal
Kamran Dehgany habib abadi Mohammad Yousefi -
Open Access Article
85 - Detection Of Brain Tumors From Magnetic Resonance Imaging By Combining Superpixel Methods And Relevance Vector Machines Classification
Ebrahim Akbari Mehran Emadi -
Open Access Article
86 - A Survey on Applications of Machine Learning in Bioinformatics and Neuroscience
Narges Habibi Shahla Mousavi -
Open Access Article
87 - An Improved Decision Tree Classification Method based on Wild Horse Optimization Algorithm
raheleh sharifi Mohammadreza Ramezanpour -
Open Access Article
88 - Assessment of land use changes into dry land using satellite images and Geographical information system (GIS)
Alireza Moradi Mohammad Jafari Hossein Arzani Mahdieh EbrahimiThe aim of this stydy is to proced the trend process of land cover changes as a result of land use changes into dry land using satellite images, remote sensing and GIS softwares and to find out the type and magnitude of changes by the image sensor Landsat ETM in 2000 an MoreThe aim of this stydy is to proced the trend process of land cover changes as a result of land use changes into dry land using satellite images, remote sensing and GIS softwares and to find out the type and magnitude of changes by the image sensor Landsat ETM in 2000 and sensor of Landsat OLI in 2014 using ENVI®5 software and unsupervised classification methods in Dehsard and kohsefeid, Kerman province. Finally, land use classification map including rangelands, agricultural lands and gardens was specified. In order to produce the training points, field visits, GPS and Google Earth software were utilized. Supervised classification was used to assess the accuracy of classification images. Afterwards, KAPA coefficie was applied to calculate the precision of produced maps. Precision matrix was created for each map. For the detection and assessment of land use changes as compared to the others, Crosstab was used. The results of land use changes in two regions showed that in this regard, the rangelands had the most changes estimated as 77% and 73% for Dehsard and Kohsefid watersheds, respectively. The precision of classification maps was given as 98% for both watersheds. The results of this study showed that the expansion of agricultural activities concerning the rangeland ecosystems could change the rangelands into the lands with low efficiency and in two mentioned regions, 9% and 20% of changes occurred in the low efficiency lands in Dehsard nd Kohsefid watersheds, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Identification of the area under cultivation of Saffron using Landsat-8 temporal satellite images (Case study: Torbat Heydarieh)
Majid Rahimzadegan Mostafa PourgholamThe aim of this research is the identification of Saffron fields with Landsat-8 Satellite images in Torbat Heydarieh. In this regard, two approaches were utilized. The first approach was dealing with implementation of neural network, support vector machine, Mahalanobis MoreThe aim of this research is the identification of Saffron fields with Landsat-8 Satellite images in Torbat Heydarieh. In this regard, two approaches were utilized. The first approach was dealing with implementation of neural network, support vector machine, Mahalanobis distance, the minimum distance, maximum likelihood and parallelepiped classification methods to achieve land cover map. The second approach was to use normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) in the greenness peak time range of saffron. To prepare field data, coordinate and land cover class of 2587 points (1463 as training sample and others as tested) in a region with at least 30 m same land cover on January 25th, 2015 and May 9th, 2015 were recorded using a GPS receiver. Furthermore, statistics presented by ministry of Agriculture Jihad in the 2014-2015 crop year was used for evaluation. Two measures, including Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy were used for evaluation of the results. Support vector machine classification with overall accuracy of 95% and a Kappa coefficient of 90%, was the best method of the first approach. It shows a difference of about 18% in saffron area comparing with Jihad statistics. On the other hand, NDVI as the best method of second approach shows an area of 7118 hectares which comparing with Jihad statistics (7550 hectares), shows the error of 5.7%. Hence, the results indicate the performance of temporal vegetation indices in identification of saffron fields according to its phenology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Change detection of Oak forests using object-based classification of multitemporal Landsat imageries (Case study: forests of the northern province of Ilam)
Hashem Rostam Zadeh Sadrolah Darabi Hejar ShahabiOak is the dominant forest species in the Zagros mountains, it is seen as a semi dense forest in western provinces. Multiple droughts, development of cities and villages, land use change from forest to farmland, are the main causes of forest destruction in Ilam. T MoreOak is the dominant forest species in the Zagros mountains, it is seen as a semi dense forest in western provinces. Multiple droughts, development of cities and villages, land use change from forest to farmland, are the main causes of forest destruction in Ilam. The purpose of this research is to determine the change detection of forest land to other land uses, using multi temporal TM sensor images (April 1986) and OLI (April 2015). In object-based classification, the data segmentation as initial phenomena, with appropriate scale and compression parameters for each image, was performed. Two classifying phenomena, nearest neighbor method and fuzzy functions were used. Land use classes were prepared by specifying training points and using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The Overall accuracy of the TM image was 88% and OLI image 94%, and the kappa coefficient for the TM and OLI image was calculated 84% and 91%, respectively. By post classification comparison method, the change matrix for each districts and changes forest to other uses was formed. The results showed that all districts faced with the phenomenon of deforestation and forest wide change (-42%) have been made. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Comparison of visual and digital interpretation methods of land use/cover mapping in Ardabil province
Azad Kakeh Mami Ardavan Ghorbani Farshad Kayvan Behjoo Amir Mirzaei MosivandLand use/cover mapping is one of the most common applications of remote sensing data. Remote sensing data by providing updated digital information, repetitive coverage, reduce costs and the possibility of processing and high potential for the preparation of land use/cov MoreLand use/cover mapping is one of the most common applications of remote sensing data. Remote sensing data by providing updated digital information, repetitive coverage, reduce costs and the possibility of processing and high potential for the preparation of land use/cover maps in natural resources, is of paramount importance. In this study, the land use and cover map prepared using Google Earth and the Operational Land Imager image sensor (OLI) of Landsat 8 satellite and methods of visual interpretation (GE images), supervised classification, neural networks and object-based classification methods (Landsat 8 images), and compared with each other. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the classification, the overall accuracy, Kappa coefficient, producer’s accuracy and user’s accuracy were used. The results showed that the visual interpretation method with overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 99.4 and 0.99, in comparison to the object-based, supervised and artificial neural networks (with an overall accuracy of 94, 82 and 60.8, and a Kappa coefficient of 0.92, 0.77 and 0.50) are more reliable. According to the map of visual interpretation, the rangelands with an area of 946687 ha and water bodies in the area of 217.42 ha were the largest and smallest land use/covers, respectively. In terms of accuracy, the visual interpretation method using Google Earth images had the highest accuracy, but it is time-consuming and cost-effective. In contrast, object-based method with acceptable accuracy and with low cost and time is the best method for land use/cover mapping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Study of land use change and its effect on erosion in Nir city using GIS and RS (Case study: Nir county)
sayyad asghari saraskanroud Leila Aghayary Elnaz PirouziDue to human activities and natural phenomena, the face of the earth is always undergoing change. Therefore, for the optimal management of the natural areas, awareness of the land use ratio is a necessity. Soil erosion is one of the environmental disasters that annihila MoreDue to human activities and natural phenomena, the face of the earth is always undergoing change. Therefore, for the optimal management of the natural areas, awareness of the land use ratio is a necessity. Soil erosion is one of the environmental disasters that annihilates thousands of soil, crops each year, and land use change is one of the important factors in erosion. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the land use change trend in Nair, Ardabil province, and its effect on erosion using GIS and RS in order to carry out the research, images from 2000 and 2016, OLI and TIRS sensors, Landsat 8 were used and land use map was prepared using a controlled classification method. The erosion zonation map was performed using landuse maps and factors such as slope, lithology, distance from the road, distance from the waterway, precipitation and soil using Critical Weighing and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC). The results showed that the highest amount of area in 2000 was related to dry land farming with 442.38 km2 and semi-condensing pastures with an area of 347.39 km2. In 2016, the highest area of use of rangelands density, and then the use of semi-metamorphic rangelands are 478.76 and 458.5 km2, respectively. According to the erosion zoning plan of 2000, 17.25% and 25.55%, respectively, according to the 2016 erosion zonation, 12.44% and 26.51% of the city area are located in two high risk and high risk categories. Mostly, high risk and high-risk areas are located in both dry land and aquaculture fields at both time periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Change detection of soil salinity using remote sensing in Zahed Shahr, Fars province
Roya Ranjbar Hamidreza Owliaie Hojjat Ranjbar Ebrahim AdhamiSoil salinization is a predominant process in the degradation of arid and semi-arid soils that causes reduced the yield of crops, increases erosion and intensifies desertification. The Zahed Shahr studied area is located in the south and east of Fasa city, Fars province MoreSoil salinization is a predominant process in the degradation of arid and semi-arid soils that causes reduced the yield of crops, increases erosion and intensifies desertification. The Zahed Shahr studied area is located in the south and east of Fasa city, Fars province and in recent years the soil salinity has affected large areas of the farms and gardens in this area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salinity changes of the soils during a 17 year period using Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images using the spectral angle mapping method. To do research, the salty soil spectra were extracted from satellite data and then using supervised classification the areas with salty soil were identified changes in salinity soils in ArcGIS software were investigated. Field studies, soil surface sampling, chemical analysis and spectral analysis of soil were performed by Spectroradiometer, and X-ray diffraction analysis for mineral identification was done. The results obtained from visible and shortwave infrared Spectroradiometer, and X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of evaporites minerals (calcite, halite, gypsum). By comparison with real ground data, the spectral angle mapper method was identified to be efficient in the classification of soil salinity. The results of the SAM method for a period of 17 years show four times spatial increase in soil salinity in this area. The area of saline soils has increased from 1600 hectares in 2000 to 6500 hectares in 2017. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Investigation of land use changes and its relationship with groundwater level (Case study: Ardabil plain)
Sayyad Asghari Saraskanroud Ehsan Ghale Elhameh EbadyBackground and Objective Groundwater is the most important source of fresh water in the world. Drinking water for two billion people is supplied directly from groundwater and is used to irrigate the world's largest food supply. Improper harvesting of groundwater re MoreBackground and Objective Groundwater is the most important source of fresh water in the world. Drinking water for two billion people is supplied directly from groundwater and is used to irrigate the world's largest food supply. Improper harvesting of groundwater reservoirs has led to the fact that the amount of feeder feed is not responsive to harvesting and the groundwater level has dropped. The drop in groundwater levels has led to problems such as drying up water wells, declining river and lake discharge, lowering water quality, increasing pumping costs and water extraction and land subsidence. Awareness of water level changes is necessary to understand the status of groundwater aquifers and their optimal management. By assessing groundwater level fluctuations, it can be used to manage water resources. One of the major applications of remote sensing is the detection and determination of land use changes. Using remote sensing, it is possible to study and identify various phenomena. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different land use on groundwater using interpolation geostatistical methods as well as object-oriented classification methods for land use mapping. Materials and Methods Ardabil plain is a mountainous plain located in northwestern Iran and east of the Azerbaijani plateau. The plain covers an area of 990 km2 among the highlands around it and in terms of political divisions includes parts of the cities of Ardabil and Namin. The data used in this study included a Landsat 8 satellite image of the OLI surveyor for the 2015 land use map, as well as a Landsat TM 5 surveyor for the 1987 land use plan. Also, in this study, the groundwater depth data of 43 piezometer wells in Ardabil plain were used. In this research, after preparing the statistics of piezometric wells, the data reconstruction method was used to eliminate the deficiencies in the study data. Reconstruction, which was used only to correct deficiencies in the data, is an interpolation method performed by the Neural Power software (based on the artificial neural network). To normalize the data, logarithmic transformations were used in SPSS and GS+ software was used for geostatistical analysis. ENVI software was used for atmospheric and radiometric corrections and ArcGIS software was used to extract the layer map. Results and Discussion The largest area in 1987 belongs to the irrigated agricultural class with an area of 51840 hectares. The second area belongs to the rainfed agricultural class, which has the largest area with 48,790 hectares. The smallest area also belongs to the use of water with 88.65 hectares. Looking at the uses of 1394, the results showed significant differences in such a way that the use of irrigated agriculture with 10.17 hectares has increased significantly compared to 1987. After extracting the land use change map to select the best intrusion model from among the various models, all models were evaluated and only the models that were more accurate than the other models were selected. The highest average water level was recorded in 1987 for agricultural agriculture and the lowest average water level was recorded for the forest area. Considering the land use map and the groundwater level map of 1394, the above analysis is confirmed and as it is known, the highest average water level this year belongs to the use of irrigated agriculture with 20.17 meters and the lowest average recorded water level is related to the use of the forest is 11.45 meters. Compared to 1987, water use has had a decrease in water level, which has reduced the water level of dams and also reduced the volume of water in rivers and even dried up several of these rivers. After water use, one of the most interesting uses that need to be analyzed and the reason for its search is the use of irrigated agriculture. This land use has the highest water level drop in 1987 and in 2015 it has faced the highest water level drop. The reason can be attributed to the over-harvesting of groundwater for irrigated crops that need more irrigation. Due to the fact that the Rain-fed crops in the study area are mostly wheat and do not need water or needless, but the amount of groundwater level in 2015 compared to 1987 has been accompanied by a significant decline. The use of pastures in 2015 compared to 1987 has dropped significantly, which indicates the critical situation of groundwater and excessive use of these resources. Conclusion In this study, in the first step, in order to classify and then examine the changes that occurred in a certain period of time in the study area. In order to classify the relevant images, An object-oriented classification method was used in eCognition software and the relevant outputs were extracted in ArcGIS software. Evaluation of classification accuracy for 2015 has a very high accuracy so that the overall accuracy and coefficient of the extracted Kapa at the highest possible level, the overall accuracy of 100% and the coefficient of Kapa 0.99 and for the year 1987 was extracted with less accuracy and general accuracy for In 1987, 98% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.95. After extracting the land use change map to select the best intrusion model from among the various models, all models were evaluated. Due to ME and RMSE values, the curing method has higher accuracy than other methods. Among the various modes of the curing method, the Gaussian model has the highest accuracy. According to the results, the most changed use in this area has been the use of pastures in irrigated agriculture and Rain-fed agriculture. This change shows that the increase in the use of irrigated agriculture and Rain-fed agriculture in this area has been accompanied by a decrease in the use of rangelands, which indicates the destruction of pastures. According to the groundwater level map, the highest average water level was recorded in 1987 for irrigated agricultural use and the lowest average water level was recorded for the forest area. Also, the highest average water level in 2015 belongs to the use of irrigated agriculture with 20.17 meters and the lowest average recorded water level is related to forest use with 11.45 meters. One of the interesting uses that need to be analyzed and the reason for its search is the use of irrigated agriculture. This land use has the highest water level drop in 1987 and in 2015 it has faced the highest water level drop. The reason can be attributed to the over-harvesting of groundwater for irrigated crops that need more irrigation. In general, all uses in 2015 compared to 1366 have faced a decrease in water balance. As a result of these changes, farmers have made more use of groundwater resources, which has led to a drop in groundwater levels over a 28 years period in the study area. This overuse is enough to reduce the average level of the plain by 4.9 meters during the mentioned period. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26767082.1400.12.1.5.6 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Change detection of land use /land cover using object oriented classification of satellite images (Case study: Ghare Sou basin, Ardabil province)
Behrooz Khodabandehlou Hassan Khavarian Nehzak Ardavan GhorbaniThe accuracy of land use changes map obtained from remote sensing data depends on the accuracy of each of the land use maps during the time period studied. In this study, TM and OLI images in 1989 and 2018 and an object-oriented classification method were used to invest MoreThe accuracy of land use changes map obtained from remote sensing data depends on the accuracy of each of the land use maps during the time period studied. In this study, TM and OLI images in 1989 and 2018 and an object-oriented classification method were used to investigate the land use/ land cover change trends with an emphasis on agricultural land use in the Ghare Sou basin. After the pre-processing, the object-oriented processing using the multiresolution segmentation method was applied. In addition to the spectral bands, some additional information such as a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), band means, the standard deviation of bands and geometry characteristics were used to extract land use in order to obtain more accurate results. Of these non-spectral data used, 15 characteristics were selected by Feature space optimization (FSO) method to be used in the nearest neighborhood algorithm. The kappa coefficient of the land use maps for 1989 and 2018 was 85% and 96%, respectively, indicating the reliability of the object-oriented classification results. In the next step, the map of the changes was produced comparing the classified maps. According to the results of the change detection, the agricultural land use during the studied period has an increase of 73849 hectares, mainly due to the destruction of rangelands and its conversion to the agricultural land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Determination of quantity and allocation disagreement indices in selection of appropriate algorithm for land use classification in pixel and objected base in Gorgarood river basin
Mahboobeh Hajibigloo Vahed Berdi Sheikh Hadi Memarian Chooghi Bairam KomakiLand cover and land use are an important variable in natural land processes. Land use change in environmental protection programs and natural resource management plays an important role in the intensification of natural crises such as floods. The Gorganrood River basin MoreLand cover and land use are an important variable in natural land processes. Land use change in environmental protection programs and natural resource management plays an important role in the intensification of natural crises such as floods. The Gorganrood River basin in the Golestan province has historically experienced land use conversion. In this research was selected for land use classification using Landsat 8 OLI satellite images of the 25 June 2017. The goal of this study is to assess the accuracy of two approaches, pixel-based supervised classification and the object-oriented one base on quantity and allocation disagreement indexes. The accuracy assessment results indicated verified that for land use mapping the SVM algorithm using a 50 pixel segmentation in the object-based classification having a quantity disagreement of 2.03, an allocation disagreement of 4.58, and an overall accuracy of 92.65% and a kappa coefficient of 0.91 was more accurate than other algorithms in the object-based classification and other algorithms in the pixel-based classification. Based on this algorithm, the lowest of omission and commission error showed in forest lands and residential and industrial areas of 0.58% and 1.59% respectively. The highest of producer and user accuracy showed in forest lands and the water body of 99.44% and 99.41% respectively. The largest area of land use in the Gorganrood River basin is related to the Barren/Rangeland/Cropland class of 314110 ha. Finally, the SVM-SL50 algorithm in the object-based classification is suggested as an optimal classifier with a high accuracy for classification of land use classification maps in order to manage natural resources in Golestan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Evaluation of supervised classification capability of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A Satellite images in determining type and area of Pistachio Cultivars
Hadi Zare khormizi Hamid Reza Ghafarian Malamiri Morad MortazRemote sensing technique is one of the most effective tools for monitoring, studying and determining the cultivation area of agricultural and horticultural crops, especially on a large scale. Planners, managers, and farmers, with knowledge of the type and extent of crop MoreRemote sensing technique is one of the most effective tools for monitoring, studying and determining the cultivation area of agricultural and horticultural crops, especially on a large scale. Planners, managers, and farmers, with knowledge of the type and extent of crop cultivation, can adopt appropriate management and enforcement policies. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the supervised classification ability to classify Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2A multi-band satellite imagery in determining the cultivated area and type of four varieties of Pistachio namely such as; Akbari, Kalle Ghuchi, Ahmad Aghaei and Fandooki in an orchard in the Yazd province. In the present study, the accuracy of four classification algorithms, namely: Parallelepiped classification, Minimum distance, Mahalanobis distance and Maximum likelihood, as well as the optimum time in the separation of pistachio cultivars, were investigated. According to the classification results of a Landsat-8 image, on June 12, 2018, the Maximum likelihood algorithm with a final accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 76.8% and 0.67% and Parallelepiped classification algorithm with the final and Kappa coefficients of 64.7 and 0.47, were of highest and lowest accuracy among others, respectively. Also, according to the results, the best time for the separation of Pistachio cultivars was in late June. The Kappa coefficient of maximum likelihood classification algorithm on June 22, July 23, August 24 and September 25 of 2018 were 0.67, 0.64, 0.63 and 0.63, respectively. The final accuracy and Kappa coefficient of maximum likelihood classification algorithm on the Sentinel-2A Satellite images on 12 June 2018, were 80% and 0.71, respectively. By applying the median filter with a 3×3 dimensional kernel window size on the classified image, the final accuracy and Kappa coefficient was increased to 82.6% and 0.75, respectively. The final accuracy and Kappa coefficient of classification and separation of Pistachio cultivars in Sentinel-2A images were higher than in Landsat-8 images. Overall, based on our results, the remote sensing classification techniques, as well as multi-spectral satellite imagery, are suitable for agricultural and horticultural mapping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Vegetation classification based on wetland index using object based classification of satellite images (Case study: Anzali wetland)
Maryam Haghighi Khomami Mohammad Javad Tajaddod Mokaram Ravanbakhsh Fariborz Jamalzad FallahBackground and ObjectiveRecently, a lot of studies have been done in Anzali wetland as one of the most important wetlands of Ramsar Convention, which has a high cost due to the nature and geographical location of the wetland. Advances in technology have made it possible MoreBackground and ObjectiveRecently, a lot of studies have been done in Anzali wetland as one of the most important wetlands of Ramsar Convention, which has a high cost due to the nature and geographical location of the wetland. Advances in technology have made it possible to evaluate natural environments more accurately, fast, and low cost with remote sensing data due to their easy accessibility, high accuracy, extensive and reproducible coverage in terms of time and space, and information extraction in a relatively short time. Because one of the most important problems in studying vegetation changes is the lack of accurate spatial information over time. Satellite imagery and remote sensing technology make it possible to achieve a better program for environmental management by relying on the information produced by it. In this study, the vegetation classification of Anzali wetland was done by using the technique of Object base classifications of Landsat image incorporation with fieldwork based on the wetland index of plants as well as the vegetation index (NDVI) of the study area were analyzed. Wetland vegetation classification maps can be used to identify the amount and type of cover and planning to maintain and rehabilitate the wetland. Materials and Methods In this study, a vegetation map based on the wetland index is considered as one of the required criteria for ecological demarcation of wetlands. First, the general vegetation areas of the wetland on the coast and around it were identified. Then, vegetation data of wetland aquatic species were collected from different wetland areas in 0.25 m2 plots. In the land margin area, the wetland species of the wetland margin were collected with a 1 m2 plot. A total of 42 plots were collected during the spring and summer of 2019. After preparing the required images, their preprocessing including geometric, atmospheric, radiometric corrections and image enhancement were performed using ENVI. Landsat 8 Image on July 29, 1998, with a spatial resolution of 30 meters was used to classify vegetation and prepare a map of vegetation index (NDVI) and image of Sentinel-2 satellite (July 98) due to 10 m of the ground resolution was used to combine with Landsat 8 data as auxiliary data in image classification. The combining of these two images improves the spatial resolution also preserves the spectral values of the multispectral image. The object-based classification was performed on the integrated Landsat 8 image using training data from field work. The classification accuracy was evaluated for each class using experimental samples as ground control points and the classification error matrix was extracted. Results and Discussion First, the dominant plants and representatives of their wetland index were identified by field work. Then, the relative percentage of dominant plant cover at the sampling site was calculated according to the standard list of identified plant species, and Plants were divided into two groups of wetland and non-wetland based on the wetland index. From the classification of plot species in 42 plots, 180 plant species were identified in 124 genera and 48 families. Also, four groups of wetland plants were: obligate wetland plants (OBL), facultative and obligate wetland plants (OBL & FACW), facultative upland, and facultative wetland plants (FACU & FACW), and facultative wetland plants (FACW). A vegetation map was prepared from a combination of terrestrial samples and object base classification of the 2019 Landsat satellite OLI image sensor. The accuracy of the classified maps was evaluated based on the kappa coefficient and overall accuracy. The overall accuracy is 88.62% and the kappa coefficient is 84%. The Plant distribution was determined based on satellite image classification: OBL plants were observed in the water zone (west and Sorkhankol wetland margin), FACW plants were observed mostly in the dry margin and mainly in the southwest of the wetland (Siahkeshim wetland) and Choukam Wildlife Sanctuary in the eastern part of the wetland, OBL & FACW group with less uniform distribution was observed in the whole area and FACU & FACW group was observed in a small part in Choukam, north, and northwest of the wetland. The percentage of vegetation density map retrieved from the NDVI index shows the distribution of dense vegetation cover in different parts of the wetland and the limitation of the water level of the wetland bed. Conclusion The results of the satellite imagery study and their classification according to terrestrial samples showed that the spread and dispersal of obligate wetland species (OBL) were limited to water parts of the wetlands so that the highest distribution of these plants were in the west of the Anzali wetland and Sorkhankol. The spread of facultative wetland species (FACW) was in the arid areas of the wetland, which indicates the upland areas of the wetland in Siahkeshim (southwest) and Choukam (east). The result of image classification showed the percentage of plant group in each class: the agricultural class (with a present level of 23.9%) and the group of facultative species (FACW) (with a present level of 23.6% and mostly Phragmites, Alnus, and Salix species) have the top percentage of image classification classes of Anzali Wetland. This indicates more presence of facultative species compared to obligate species of wetland (OBL) (with a present level of 10.1%) and the level of agricultural land occupation, showed the wetland drying. The percentage of vegetation at the wetland level was assessed with the vegetation index (NDVI), most of which belongs to dense vegetation. Due to the fact that the satellite image is related to the summer season, this map shows the distribution of vegetation in different parts and the water level of the wetland bed, which has reduced the amount of water levels in the wetland. Periodic review of vegetation and its ecological changes provides useful information on changes in the water and ecological resources of the wetland to plan for its maintenance as an important ecosystem in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Study and prediction of land surface temperature changes of Yazd city: assessing the proximity and changes of land cover
Mohammad Mansourmoghaddam Iman Rousta Mohammadsadegh Zamani Mohammad Hossein Mokhtari Mohammad Karimi Firozjaei Seyed Kazem AlavipanahBackground and Objective The expansion of urbanization has increased the scale and intensity of thermal islands in cities. Investigating how cities are affected by these thermal islands plays an important role in the future planning of cities. For this purpose, this stu MoreBackground and Objective The expansion of urbanization has increased the scale and intensity of thermal islands in cities. Investigating how cities are affected by these thermal islands plays an important role in the future planning of cities. For this purpose, this study examines and predicts the effect of land cover (LC) changes in the three classes of LC including urban areas, barren lands, and vegetation on land surface temperature (LST) in the city of Yazd during the last 30 years using Landsat 5 and 8 images. This study also examines the effect of the ratio of proximity to the barren land and vegetation classes during this period to examine how the recorded LST is affected by the mentioned ratio.Materials and Methods The LC maps of Yazd city were extracted using a supervised Artificial Neural Network classifier for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. Terrestrial data, google earth, and ground truth maps were used to derive training data. The LST of Yazd was obtained from the thermal band of Landsat 5 and Landsat 8. After that, the LST was classified into six available classes, including 16-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40, and 41-46°C which has shown that the four last classes play an important role in LST changes in Yazd city during last 30 years. To evaluate the effects of the proximity of barren land and vegetation LC classes on the LST recorded by the sensor, firstly the proximity ratio was calculated in 5×5 kernels for all image pixels. Then the mean of LST was derived based on this ratio of barren and vegetation lands.Results and Discussion The results of this study showed that in Yazd city, from 1990 to 2020, the area of the urban area has grown 91.5 % (33.6 km2) over the last 30 years. Barren and vegetation land, have negative growth in the area over the same period. From 1990 to 2020, barren lands in Yazd experienced a growth -79.4% (21.3 km2), which the sharp growth of urban areas justifies this negative growth in barren lands. Vegetation classes in Yazd from 1990 to 2020, have experienced a growth -68.5% (12.2 km2). The average ground temperature of this city has been constantly increasing during these 30 years. By 2020, the city of Yazd, reaching an average of 38.1°C compared to 29.2°C in 1990, has experienced a 30.4% increase in its average LST. The temperature classes of this city have also moved towards warmer temperature classes in these 30 years. As the main part of the LST area of Yazd, in 1990, in the first place, the class of 26-30 °C with 47 km2 and at the second place the class of 31-35 °C with 26.4 km2 are classified. In 2000, in a reverse trend, the main LST class was 31-35°C with 52.8 km2 as the first place and the 26-30°C class with 20 km2 as the second place. With an increased class, the LST class of 36-40 °C for both 2010 and 2020 with 40.2 and 63 km2 respectively has been recorded as the largest LST class. The LST class of 31-35 °C has been recorded as the second LST class of both years with 33.2 and 9.7 km2, respectively. The difference between these two years is in the growth -70.7% (23.5 km2) of the class area of 31-35°C and the increase of 10.3% (0.8 km2) of the hottest class of the statistical period, 41-46°C, in 2020, compared to 2010. The results of this study also showed that the highest average temperature in all year was recorded for barren lands at 37.3°C. Also, a positive correlation (mean correlation 0.95) was shown between the proximity to barren land cover and the mean LST. However, the sharp upward trend of urban areas in the whole statistical period (91.5% with 33.6 km2) as the second class with the highest average LST after the barren lands with an average of 34.1 °C versus a downward trend of 79.4% (21.3 km2) of barren lands has increased the average LST over a statistical period of 30 years. It is because the decrease of 68.5% (12.2 km2) of vegetation areas as an LC class with the lowest average LST (32.2°C) in the same period, neutralized the effect of decreasing barren lands and intensified the trend of increasing the LST. Meanwhile, a negative correlation (mean correlation -0.97) was established between the ratio of proximity to vegetation and the average LST. The results of forecasting land cover changes in 2030 in the city of Yazd indicate that in a process similar to previous periods, the class of urban areas will increase. This growth will not be significant compared to 2020, with 1.6% (1.1 km2). However, a significant decrease in green areas (vegetation) by -19.6% (1.1 km2) in the same period, along with a slight decrease in barren lands -1.8% (0.1 km2) will cause the earth’s surface to become warmer, and the area of LST classes will be increased by the year. Accordingly, the main area of the LST class in 2030 for the city of Yazd, as in 2020, is forecasted 36-40°C with 58.2 km2 (-7.6% growth compared to 2020). But the dramatic growth of the hottest class of LST over the statistical period (41-46°C) with 166.3% (14.3 km2) growth as the second major class of LST in this year (2030), as well as the negative and dramatic growth of the relatively cooler class 31-35°C with -97.9 % (9.5 km2) in this year indicates the warmer ground surface temperature in 2030.Conclusion The results of this study indicate that in 30 years in Yazd city, the decrease in vegetation in the first place, along with the increase in urban areas in the second place, has caused an increase in LST. Thus, the vegetation class reduces the LST due to its cooling effect considering its water content. In this study, it was shown that by taking all factors into account, the reduction of barren lands will lead to a decrease in LST, and also increasing urban areas with a lower impact factor than barren lands will increase the LST. However, the decrease in the area of green lands (vegetation) in recent years, along with the sharp increase in the area of urban areas has caused an increase in LST. Increasing the proximity to vegetation by creating green areas by increasing the ratio of vegetation in the vicinity of different LC and also reducing the area of barren lands, can be a good solution to deal with the impact of urbanization in recent years on ground surface temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Evaluate the accuracy of Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) data on the survey of dieback Buxus hyrcana (Case study: Sisangan forest park-Mazandaran)
Mohammadreza Kargar Younes Babaei Amir Eslam BonyadBackground and ObjectiveSisangan forest park is one of the important habitats of Buxus Hyrcana in Iran. Unfortunately, the park has suffered from dieback in recent years, and many Box trees have been destroyed. Monitoring and management of this zone can be effective in MoreBackground and ObjectiveSisangan forest park is one of the important habitats of Buxus Hyrcana in Iran. Unfortunately, the park has suffered from dieback in recent years, and many Box trees have been destroyed. Monitoring and management of this zone can be effective in controlling, protecting, and supporting it. However, due to the destruction of Box trees, on a large scale, it is not possible to accurately estimate the area using the available data. On the other hand, manual measurements are also very time-consuming and tedious. Therefore, a way must be found to do this process accurately and automatically. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have made this possible by using highly accurate sensors (spatial resolution). Another solution that can be used to automatically separate dieback trees from green trees is to use different classification methods. The aim of this study is to prove the ability of low-cost UAV data with conventional sensors to detect and zoning areas that have suffered Dieback. Since the cost of UAVs with multispectral sensors (red edge band and near infrared) is very high, it should be possible to reduce this cost. Since the cost of UAV with multispectral sensors (red-edge and near-infrared band) is very high, it should be possible to reduce this cost. Materials and Methods Sisangan Forest Park has located 30km to the east of Nowshahr County, Mazandaran province, at latitude 36º33′30″ to 36º35′30″ N, and longitude 51º47′ to 51º49′30″E. This park is both a tourist destination and many important plant species of the country grow in it. One of the most important of these species is the Buxus Hyrcana. But unfortunately, in recent years they have become snag due to pests and insect infestations. Multirotor UAVs have been used in this research. The camera installed on this device is capable of capturing 20 megapixel images. Imaging operations were performed on December 28, 2017, at 10:00 AM, which lasted 45 minutes. The study area was visited for field sampling and its different points were identified in terms of density of snags and preserved Buxus Hyrcana. Then, three circular pieces with a radius of 60 meters and an area of 1.13 hectares were designed in the zone and the density of snag stands and preserved Buxus Hyrcana stands were determined in these three samples. In each plot, 50 training points were recorded in the places where the Buxus Hyrcana stands were located and also 50 points were recorded in the places where the preserved Buxus Hyrcana stands, floor grass cover, and blackberry was located. In this study, in order to evaluate the accuracy of UAV images in identifying and classifying zones covered with Dieback, the smallest Dieback stands with the smallest canopy width were also recorded. Because UAV images require geometric corrections, they were first corrected geometrically and geographically. They were classified with ENVI software. According to the above explanations, 100 points were recorded in each sample plot, 75 of which were monitored for the classification process and 25 of which were used to evaluate the classification accuracy. Three monitored artificial neural network classification algorithms, maximum likelihood and minimum distance were used to classify these images. Finally, after performing each of the classification steps, a low-pass filter with a size of 3 by 3 pixels was used for smoothing the images. Kappa coefficients and overall accuracy indices were also used to evaluate the results. Results and Discussion In this number of sample plots, 579 stands were measured. Buxus Hyrcana was by far the most frequent in the zone. European hornbeam, Parrotia persica, and Oak were in the next ranks, respectively. The results showed that the artificial neural network algorithm had the best results compared to the other two algorithms. But the results of the artificial neural network also fluctuate according to the condition of the sample piece. This algorithm with an overall accuracy of 97.47% and a kappa coefficient of 0.94 had the best results in the separation and detection of the Buxus Hyrcana snags in the sample plot with the dominance of Buxus Hyrcana snags. After the artificial neural network algorithm, the maximum likelihood algorithm showed more favorable results in separating the Buxus Hyrcana snag stands. The minimum distance algorithm showed good results, but it was not as accurate as of the previous two algorithms. All three algorithms showed poorer results in separating the bases in the sample plot with the dominance of live bases in the sample than the other two sample plots. The sample piece with the predominance of live and green bases compared to the other two sample pieces has more phenomena and effects and in terms of image texture, there are many significant differences compared to the other two sample pieces. All three algorithms showed poorer results in separating the stands in the sample plot by dominance the preserved stands in the sample than the other two sample plots. The sample plot with the predominance of preserved stands compared to the other two sample plots has more phenomena and in terms of image texture compared to the other two sample plots has a lot of significant differences. In this sample plot, in addition to the presence of preserved and snag stands, grass cover and blackberry accessions can also be seen. In this study, the results of classification and detection of Buxus Hyrcana snags using an artificial neural network algorithm were much better than the maximum likelihood and minimum distance algorithms. One of the reasons for the better results of the artificial neural network algorithm is its nonlinearity and non-parametricity. But in classification by traditional algorithms such as statistical methods, they have lower accuracy because they have less flexibility. Parametric types of traditional methods, such as the maximum likelihood algorithm, due to depending on Gaussian statistics, if the data are not normal, cannot have the desired accuracy in classifying and separating classes from each other. In traditional algorithms such as maximum likelihood and minimum distance algorithms, training data play a vital role. In these methods, it is assumed that the distribution within the training samples should be normal so that if this condition cannot be met, the classification accuracy will be greatly reduced. While artificial neural network methods operate based on the characteristics and structure of the data itself. Conclusion The results of this study showed that using the data and ordinary images of a low-cost UAV, it is possible to study the condition of Dieback after the outbreak of the disease and determine its area. Despite the high cost of purchasing expensive sensors to monitor vegetation status, these methods presented in this article can be done at a much lower cost. This method can be of great help to the relevant institutions in determining the area of snag coatings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Efficiency of Google Earth Engine (GEE) system in land use change assessment and predicting it using CA-Markov model (Case study of Urmia plain)
Naser Soltani Vahid MohammadnejadBackground and ObjectiveLand use reflects the interactive features between humans and the environment and describes how humans are exploited for one or more purposes on earth. Land use is usually defined based on human use of land, with an emphasis on the functional rol MoreBackground and ObjectiveLand use reflects the interactive features between humans and the environment and describes how humans are exploited for one or more purposes on earth. Land use is usually defined based on human use of land, with an emphasis on the functional role of land in economic activities. Land use map is one of the main factors in the study of natural resources and environmental management. Knowing the changes in land use and examining their causes and factors in a period of time can be of interest to planners and managers. The use of satellite data is a good tool for land use mapping, especially in large geographical areas, due to the provision of a wide and integrated view of an area, reproducibility, easy access, high accuracy of information obtained, and high-speed analysis. One of the most widely used methods of extracting information from satellite images is image classification, which allows users to generate different information. Google Earth Engine (GEE) is a web, cloud-based system developed by Google to store and analyze large amounts of data at the petabyte scale (including various satellite imagery, digital models, climatic and vector data). Speed in processing and access to diverse data is one of the issues and problems of land use change studies. The purpose of this paper is to classify satellite images using the support vector machine learning method in the two periods of 2000 and 2020 and to produce a land use map of these two periods in the Google Earth engine system. Materials and Methods In this paper, Urmia city and its surrounding areas (Urmia plain) have been evaluated. In order to prepare land use maps and study its changes, Landsat 7 ETM+ sensor for 2000 and Landsat OLI 8 for 2020 have been used. Images from June were used, when vegetation reached its maximum vegetative growth. Various methods have been developed to monitor and measure land cover and land use changes. In this paper, the efficiency of the Google Earth Engine system for collecting, managing, and processing remote sensing data has been evaluated in order to prove and introduce the speed and accuracy of this system. In order to produce the land use map, the Support Vector Machine classification method has been used. The main difference between this paper and other research is that the management and processing of images have been done in the Google Earth Engine system, which means that the researcher does not need expensive and licensed software such as ENVI and only by access to the Internet can do the processing. By developing the code for image classification using the support vector machine method, the images of 2000 and 2020 were classified. Six land use classes were identified, including barren lands, man-made lands, orchards, irrigated agriculture, rainfed agriculture, and irrigated areas. After classifying images, the results were stored in Google Drive and prepared for further analysis. The classification results were entered into ArcGIS software and the classification accuracy was evaluated using control points obtained from Google Earth images as well as data related to the land use management plan of West Azerbaijan province. In this paper, in addition to preparing a land use map in the Google Earth Engine system, it was used to forecast and model land uses for 2040 using the CA-Markov transfer estimator. Results and Discussion After calling and classification of images in the Google Earth engine environment using the SVM method, land use map for 2000 and 2020 was produced. The prepared maps include man-made lands, orchards, irrigated agriculture, rainfed agriculture, and barren lands. A comparison of different land use in 2000 and 2020 shows that extensive changes have taken place in them. Some of these changes are positive and some are negative. The area of barren lands in 2020 compared to 2000 has increased by about 10 square kilometers, man-made lands, 42.62 square kilometers, orchards 67 square kilometers, and water bodies 0.39 square kilometers. In contrast, rainfed agriculture has lost 39.45 and irrigated agriculture has lost 80 square kilometers. The reason for the increase in orchards can be seen in the change of irrigated agricultural uses to orchards, as well as urban development and the creation of various human infrastructures, which is very evident in recent years. Most of the changes are related to the use of orchards with a positive trend during which many irrigated agricultural lands have become garden lands. These changes have increased the production of horticultural products in Urmia and become one of the hubs of horticultural production, especially apples. the area of man-made land has almost doubled, which usually happens in other parts of the country and is normal. Usually, with the increase in the population of cities as well as villages and the need to build new buildings and infrastructure facilities such as factories, sports fields, roads, entertainment spaces, etc., man-made uses have increased. According to the forecast for 2040 using the CA-Markov method in Idrisi software, the highest growth is related to rainfed agricultural use. It is predicted that during this period, the area of rainfed lands will reach 73.40 square kilometers. The man-made land will increase to 90.9 square kilometers. While its value in 2020 was 76.38 square kilometers. On the other hand, the area of orchards will increase from 31.61 square kilometers in 2020 to 72.15 square kilometers. Irrigated agriculture will increase to 27.38 square kilometers with an increasing trend. Conclusion Studies show that the growth of man-made lands in Urmia city and its surroundings is not commensurate with other land uses and this has led to the growth of land use area of the man-made lands compared to other uses and this issue has caused the phenomenon of expansion has become in Urmia city. On the other hand, the results show that the study of land use using the time series of satellite images is a time saver and cost, and as mentioned in the paper. different land uses for the years 2000 and 2020, prepared using the Google Earth system, and their changes were identified. Another important result of this paper is the high efficiency of the GEE system in processing large volumes of satellite images. Using this system does not require any specialized remote sensing software and the user can easily process various data using a computer browser or even a smartphone. Another important point is that in this system, there is no need to download different images, but the user can only download the processing result. This is very useful in terms of time and processing speed. The GEE system is able to process large volumes of time series data (here satellite imagery), different regions of the world with very high speed and very low time, and present the results in the form of various maps and graphs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Efficiency assessment of micro-climate change in land cover distinguishing compared to some supervised classification techniques for an arid urban environment
NAJMAE SATARI Malihe Erfani Fatemeh JahanishakibThe distinction between barren and build-up areas is one of the most important issues in land use/land cover mapping ‎in arid and semi-arid climates. In this regard, many researchers have tried to increase the accuracy of classification ‎using different methods MoreThe distinction between barren and build-up areas is one of the most important issues in land use/land cover mapping ‎in arid and semi-arid climates. In this regard, many researchers have tried to increase the accuracy of classification ‎using different methods that, some of which are complex and time-consuming. Therefore, the present study conducted ‎aimed to apply micro-climate change through the implementation of Local Climate Zoning (LCZ) algorithm in land ‎use identification with emphasis on the separation of build-up areas in one of the arid cities of Iran, and the efficiency ‎of the method by investigation the classification accuracy was compared with various supervised methods including ‎maximum likelihood, minimum distance, Fisher, KNN, fuzzy, artificial neural network and support vector machine. ‎The study area is Zahedan city, which has a very significant growth of build-up areas in recent decades. For this ‎purpose, four periods of Landsat satellite images year 2020 were used. Training samples were extracted from Google ‎Earth and the validation of the classification results was performed using 218 random points. The accuracy results ‎showed that the use of LCZ algorithm with overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of 96.33% and 0.95, respectively is ‎the highest and then the support vector machine and Fisher methods with overall accuracy of 86.61 and 83.03 and ‎kappa coefficient of 0.82 and 0.75, respectively. Therefore, for land use / land cover studies, the LCZ method that ‎considers the micro-climate, is proposed.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Comparing various techniques for land use-cover change detection using RS and GIS (Case study: Daresher Catchment, Ilam province)
Saleh Arekhi Yaghoob NiaziTimely and accurate change detection of earth surface features is extremely important for understanding relationships and interaction between human and natural phenomena in order to promote better decision making. Remote sensing data are primary sources extensively used MoreTimely and accurate change detection of earth surface features is extremely important for understanding relationships and interaction between human and natural phenomena in order to promote better decision making. Remote sensing data are primary sources extensively used for change detection in recent decades. In this study, images of landsat (TM) 1988 and landsat (ETM+) 2001 were analyzed using five change detection techniques in 80470 hectares in the region of Daresher, Ilam province. Change detection techniques considered were image differencing, image rationing, NDVI differencing, change vector analysis (CVA) and post-classification comparison. In this study, from statistical method for determining the threshold level was used which from the change threshold was achieved. In this study, threshold level was set at ±1 standard deviation from the mean. After determine optimal threshold, areas having decreasing change, increasing change and no change was determined. Based on ground data and field visit and Google Earth, accuracy assessment of change detection techniques was carried out using overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient. According to the results, NDVI differencing with overall accuracy of 98.5 and Kappa coefficient of 97% showed the highest accuracy among applied change detection techniques and on the contrary, band rationing with overall accuracy 72.5 and Kappa coefficient of 50% had lowest accuracy in land use/land cover change in study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Evaluating non-parametric supervised classification algorithms in land cover map using LandSat-8 Images
Vahid Mirzaei Zadeh Maryam Niknejad Jafar Oladi QadikolaeiThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of three support vector machine algorithms, fuzzy decision trees and neural networks for mapping land vegetation map of Arakvaz watershed using OLI sensor of Landsat images (2014). Geometric correction and image pre-p MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of three support vector machine algorithms, fuzzy decision trees and neural networks for mapping land vegetation map of Arakvaz watershed using OLI sensor of Landsat images (2014). Geometric correction and image pre-processing were utilized to determine the training samples of land vegetation classes for the classification operations. Sample resolution in the vegetation classes has been evaluated using a statistical divergence index. On the next stage, to evaluate the accuracy of algorithms' classification results, ground truth map with the dimensions of 550 m was designed using systematic approach and land vegetation types in the sampling plots were determined. Finally, the efficiency of each classification methodwas investigated bysuch criteria as overall accuracy, kappa coefficient, producer accuracy and user accuracy.Comparing the accuracy and kappa coefficient obtained for three categories with a proper band set in comparison with the ground truth map indicates that the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier with overall accuracy of 91.26% and kappa coefficient of 0.8731 has had more appropriate results than other algorithms. The results showed that the separation and classification of forest landswith high accuracy have beenperformedas compared to the other land use classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Detecting changes trend of geomorphic faces of Zayandeh Rood deltaic cones using remote sensing
Maliheh Mohamadi Abdollah SeifRemote sensing technology is a tool to identify and evaluate changes of geomorphic faces. Preparing the geomorphic maps and detecting of changes is one of the main elements in projects related to land capability assessment. In this study, geomorphic faces changes of the MoreRemote sensing technology is a tool to identify and evaluate changes of geomorphic faces. Preparing the geomorphic maps and detecting of changes is one of the main elements in projects related to land capability assessment. In this study, geomorphic faces changes of the Zayandeh Rood Delta were detected in the 27 years period using MSS (1975) and ETM+ (2002) satellite images, topography and geology maps, and field visit. The ETM+ and MSS satellite images were corrected using the nearest neighbor method with a 0.15 and 0.18 percentage error respectively. For each image the best false colure composite (FCC) was prepared using spectral profiles and PCA index. After a linear stretch the maps of each image were prepared using supervised classification geomorphic with an overall accuracy of 62% (MSS 1975) and 74% (ETM+ 2002). The prepared maps were evaluated by the post-classification comparison (PCC) method. The results show that bloat lands has expanded from 13 km2 to 26 km2 and clay-sandy faces have increased from 45 to 52 km2. However the area of other units has been reduced due to the prevailing drought conditions and in some cases due to land use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Comparison of different classification algorithms in satellite imagery to produce land use maps (Case study: Noor city)
Saleh Yousefi Mehdi Tazeh Somayeh Mirzaee Hamid Reza Moradi Shahla TavangarLand use mapping is one of the key factors in studies of environment and natural resources management. Mapping land use is often one of the most expensive parts of natural resources and environmental projects. Satellite data is one of the fastest and most cost-effective MoreLand use mapping is one of the key factors in studies of environment and natural resources management. Mapping land use is often one of the most expensive parts of natural resources and environmental projects. Satellite data is one of the fastest and most cost-effective methods for mapping land use that is available for researchers. In recent years, researchers from the different methods of land use maps have been produced using this data. There is the different method to classify the images. Each method has advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this research is to determine the best images nine supervised classification methods to extract land use map of the Noor city by ETM+ sensor. The results showed that the SVM classification by 0.9503 factor kappa coefficient and 90.94% overall accuracy is better than other methods. The accuracy of the order of priority 9 that is, SVM, Neural network, Mahalanobis distance, Maximum likelihood, Minimum distance from the mean, Spectral angle mapper, Spectral information divergence, parallel piped and binary code. All the research results of this study can be using the correct classification. Land use maps can be extracted with higher accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Comparison of three common methods in supervised classification of satellite data for vegetation studies
Amir Ahmadpour Karim Solaimani Maryam Shokri Jamshid GhorbaniUsage of modern technologies such as GIS and RS in plant ecosystems studies and especially land cover mapping is needed to recognition of these instruments efficiency and also identification of the best methods for applying them. This study aimed to compare the efficien MoreUsage of modern technologies such as GIS and RS in plant ecosystems studies and especially land cover mapping is needed to recognition of these instruments efficiency and also identification of the best methods for applying them. This study aimed to compare the efficiency of three common supervised classification methods of satellite data (Minimum to Distance, Parallelepiped and Maximum Likelihood) to identification of plant groups in Goloul-via-Sarani protected area, Northern Khorasan Province, Iran. In order to this, 143 training samples (>30m2) were collected from areas that shown a homogenous plant species composition. These data recorded by GPS device and so transported to a GIS database. Satellite data included Landsat ETM+, and IRS-P6 LISS III that were prepared and analyzed by ENVI 4.2 software. Amount of efficiency for each method was evaluated by measurement of overall accuracy (OA) and Kappa coefficient (KC) criteria. Results showed that ML method makes the highest accuracy for two data series (OA=90.35, 82.19 and KC=0.878, 0.772 for Landsat and IRS data respectively). In the face, PP method showed the worst results (OA=67.09, 58.76 and KC=0.593, 0.478). These results suggested that collection of sufficient training samples from natural classes and surveying probability of image pixel's dependency on these classes can be useful for classification of plant groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Quality assessment and detection of forest area changes using satellite images (Case study: Rustam, Fars)
Mahmoud Ahmadi Mehdi NarangifardThis paper has been conducted to estimate the detection capability of LandSat satellite data for the detection and qualitative assessment of forest area and vegetation changes, land uses and vegetation percent in Rustam city. In this regard, using Landsat satellite imag MoreThis paper has been conducted to estimate the detection capability of LandSat satellite data for the detection and qualitative assessment of forest area and vegetation changes, land uses and vegetation percent in Rustam city. In this regard, using Landsat satellite images (1987 and 2010), forest land use map, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) were obtained by Maximum Likelihood and Supervised Classification algorithms. The results showed that the area of extracted layers of forests with high, moderate and low density as well as barren regions has been estimated as 48.78, 348.67 and 281.42 and 81.68 km2, respectively. Assessing the classification results indicated that the overall accuracy, producer accuracy and user accuracy were given as 94.3, 91 and 95%, respectively and also, Commission error and Ommission error have been computed as 0.09 and 0.05. The highest and lowest producer accuracy estimated as 99 and 80% was related to low-density and high density forests and the highest and lowest percent of user accuracy given as 100 and 87% was attributed to the barren and moderate density forest. Also, comparing maps of vegetation percent and Ratio Vegetation index during 1987 and 2010 has shown no significant changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Investigation of land use classification algorithms using images fusion techniques (Case study: Beheshtabad Sub-basin)
Arash Fazeli Farsani Reza Ghazavi Mohammad Reza FarzanehIn recent decades, land use changes cause an important environmental, economical and social damage in the world. Land use classification images are essential tools for land management and policy decisions. Fusion of remote sensing data could increase quality and i MoreIn recent decades, land use changes cause an important environmental, economical and social damage in the world. Land use classification images are essential tools for land management and policy decisions. Fusion of remote sensing data could increase quality and intensify of data. The main aim of this study was investigated of land use classification algorithms (Support Vector Machine Background, Neural Net, and Maximum Likelihood) using a fusion of OLI remote sensing data using Geographic Information System (GIS). According to the results, Gram-Schmidt method had the best punctuality for taking of the firstly data and rebuilding of images. The results showed that Maximum likelihood method increased accuracy of PC_Sharpened and Gram-Schmidt algorithms. A significant accuracy in land use classification was observed via combination techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Comparison of the classification methods in software development effort estimation
Sadegh Ansaripour Taghi Javdani GandomaniIntroduction: The main goal of software companies is to provide solutions in various fields to better meet the needs of customers. The process of successful modeling depends on finding the right and accurate requirements. However, the key to successful development for a MoreIntroduction: The main goal of software companies is to provide solutions in various fields to better meet the needs of customers. The process of successful modeling depends on finding the right and accurate requirements. However, the key to successful development for adapting and integrating different developed parts is the importance of selecting and prioritizing the requirements that will advance the workflow and ultimately lead to the creation of a quality product. Validation is the key part of the work, which includes techniques that confirm the accuracy of a set of requirements for building a solution that leads to the project's business objectives. Requirements change during the project, and managing these changes is important to ensure the accuracy of the software built for stakeholders. In this research, we will discuss the process of checking and validating the software requirements.Method: Requirement extraction is conducted by means of discovery, review, documentation, and understanding of user needs and limitations of a system. The results are presented in the form of products such as text requirements descriptions, use cases, processing diagrams, and user interface prototypes.Findings: Data mining and recommender systems can be used to increase the necessary needs, however, another method. of social networks and joint filtering can be used to create requirements for large projects to identify needs.Discussion: In the area of product development, requirements engineering approaches focus exclusively on requirement development. There are challenges in the development process due to the existence of human resources. If the challenges are not seen well at this stage, it will be extremely expensive after the software production. Therefore, in this regard, errors should be minimized and they should be identified and corrected as soon as possible. Now, with the investigations carried out, one of the key issues in the field of requirements is the discussion of validation, which first confirms that the requirements are able to be implemented in a set of characteristics according to the system description, and secondly, a set of essential characteristics. such as complete, consistent, according to standard criteria, non-contradiction of requirements, absence of technical errors, and lack of ambiguity in requirements. In fact, the purpose of validation is to ensure the result that a sustainable and renewable product is created according to the requirements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Software risk prediction by Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm and Machine learning
bahar ahmadi Hadi Khosravi-farsani Taghi Javdani GandomaniSoftware development can be considered an activity that uses various technological advances and requires high knowledge. For this reason, every software development project contains elements of uncertainty known as project risk. The success of a software development pro MoreSoftware development can be considered an activity that uses various technological advances and requires high knowledge. For this reason, every software development project contains elements of uncertainty known as project risk. The success of a software development project is highly dependent on the amount of risk associated with each project activity. Therefore, as a project manager, awareness of risks is not enough. In order to achieve a successful outcome, a project manager must be able to identify, then evaluate, prioritize, and ultimately manage all major risks.Risk management is a process to identify, eliminate and predict possible risks. In other words, this process is related to all the activities that are done to reduce the uncertainty associated with specific tasks or events. Risk management focuses on identifying risks and dealing with them appropriately. Projects have individual or general risks. Some of these risks are related to a specific activity and others to the project. Usually, risks are first identified and associated with project activities. Determining how people behave to achieve strategic activity goals is to identify risks. One of the methods of improvement is to take help from new algorithms and use machine learning techniques in the process of identifying or predicting possible risks.The use of different algorithms and techniques to identify software risks has always attracted the attention of experts. In this study, the grasshopper optimization algorithm has been used to improve classification accuracy and increase accuracy as well as reduce specificity. In this method, by combining the proposed algorithm with the support vector machine algorithm, it is used to obtain better and more acceptable results in data with large dimensions in order to reduce the dimension and also select the feature, which has attracted the attention of many researchers.The grasshopper optimization algorithm has not been used in the risk prediction system of software projects, the obtained results have shown that this proves the applicability and strength of the grasshopper optimization algorithm for solving problems with unknown and real search spaces.The purpose of this study is to predict the risks of software projects with the help of the grasshopper optimization algorithm. In this method, feature selection and reduction is done by the grasshopper optimization algorithm, and vector machine classification methods are used to classify risk and features. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Performance Comparison of Three Artificial Neural Network Algorithms in Identifying Seeds of Twenty Weed Species
Mohhamad reza Bagheri Mohammad Hasan Rashed Mohasel Mahmoud Reza GolzariyanThis study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of three artificial neural network algorithms employed to identify seeds of 20 weed species from their scanned images. A total of 15 features related to seed shape and size were extracted from the images using an im MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of three artificial neural network algorithms employed to identify seeds of 20 weed species from their scanned images. A total of 15 features related to seed shape and size were extracted from the images using an image-editing program these image-extracted data were fed as inputs into three neural networks of Multilayer perceptron (MLP), RBF/GRNN/PNN Network and Generalized Feed Forward (GFF) neural network employed for seed identification purposes. RBF/GRNN/PNN network is a combined network of Radial Basic Function (RBF), General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN). After the training stage, each network was tested. The results of testing stage indicated that Generalized Feed Forward network had the highest identification accuracy (90%). This network was able to identify 8 out of twenty species by 100% accuracy. The least seed identification accuracy, using this network, was 52%. The accuracy of RBF/GRNN/PNN network was found to be 61% and this network could accurately identify only 4 species with 100% accuracy. The least precision percentage using this network was zero. The Multilayer perceptron network with 71% identification accuracy had an intermediate efficiency among the three networks. The overall results showed that GFF had the highest efficiency in identifying the studied weed seeds among the three networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - A CRITIC-based improved version for multiple criteria ABC inventory classification
Amir Mohamadghasemi -
Open Access Article
114 - The effect of effective governance and quality of regulations on financial development in the current economic conditions of Iran
Kamran Sarhangi Mohammad Javad Mohaghegh Niya Maghsoud Amiri -
Open Access Article
115 - Insurance Claim Classification: A new Genetic Programming Approach
Alireza Bahiraie Farbod Khanizadeh Farzan Khamesian -
Open Access Article
116 - Designing a Trading Strategy to Buy and Sell the Stock of Companies Listed on the New York Stock Exchange Based on Classification Learning Algorithms
Nasser Heydari Majid Zanjirdar Ali LalbarThis research investigated the development of a stock trading strategy for companies on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), a prominent global market. Data was acquired from established libraries and the Yahoo Finance database. The model employed technical analysis indi MoreThis research investigated the development of a stock trading strategy for companies on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), a prominent global market. Data was acquired from established libraries and the Yahoo Finance database. The model employed technical analysis indicators and oscillators as input features. Machine learning classification algorithms were used to design trading strategies, and the optimal model was identified based on statistical performance metrics. Accuracy, recall, and F-measure were utilized to evaluate the classification algorithms. Additionally, advanced statistical methods and various software tools were implemented, including Python, Spyder, SPSS, and Excel. The Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to assess the statistical differences between the designed strategies. A sample of 41 actively traded NYSE companies across diverse sectors such as financial services, healthcare, technology, communication services, consumer cyclicals, consumer staples, and energy were chosen using a filter-based approach on June 28th, 2021. The selection criteria included a market capitalization exceeding $200 billion and an average daily trading volume surpassing 1 million shares. Evaluation metrics revealed that the designed random forest trading strategy achieved a good fit with the data and exhibited statistically significant differences from other strategies based on classification learning algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Using the Results of CPTu to Identify the Subsurface Sediment Layers in Urmia Lake Bridge Site, NW Iran
Mohammad Reza Baghban Golpasand Mohammad Reza Nikudel Ebrahim Asghari-Kaljahi -
Open Access Article
118 - Resources classification using fractal modelling in Eastern Kahang Cu-Mo porphyry deposit, Central Iran
Amir Bijan Yasrebi Ardashir Hezarkhani -
Open Access Article
119 - Assessment of excavability classification in a Limestone Quarry: A case study from Bayburt, Turkey
Gökhan Külekçi Alaaddin Vural Şener Aliyazıcıoğlu -
Open Access Article
120 - The effect of estimation methods on multifractal modeling for mineralized zone delineation in the Dardevey iron ore deposit, NE Iran
Peyman Afzal Shahab Shahbeik Parviz Moarefvand Amir Bijan Yasrebi Renguang Zuo Andrew WethereltThe purpose of this study is to identify the effect of Ordinary Kriging (OK) and Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) estimation methods for the delineation of mineralized zones based on subsurface data using concentration–volume (C–V) multifractal modeling in th MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify the effect of Ordinary Kriging (OK) and Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) estimation methods for the delineation of mineralized zones based on subsurface data using concentration–volume (C–V) multifractal modeling in the Dardevey iron ore deposit, NE Iran. Variograms and anisotropic ellipsoid were generated for the Fe distribution by the above estimation methods. Continuity of ore and waste, the number of points involved, discretization factor for ore and waste boundaries and block model were generated for reserve estimation purposes. In addition, the C-V log–log plots based on the estimation methods represent the various mineralized zones fromexisting thresholds, and error estimations in both methods were compared. The comparison and interpretation of themineralized zones based on the C–V fractal modeling show that the error is less in the OK method, although the volume of extremely, highly and moderate zones resulting from the OK method is greater than the IDW method. The thresholds considering C-V fractal modeling for extremely, highly, moderately and weakly mineralized zones are 60.37%, 55.27% and 45.66%respectively for the OKmethod and 55.14%, 50.12% and 41.48%respectively for the IDW method. According to the threshold values, the error in the OK methodis less than 20% while the error estimation resulted from the IDW method increases to 60%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Urban sprawl trend analysis using statistical and remote sensing approach Case Study: Mashhad City
susan shirvani moghadam sanaz saeidi mofrad -
Open Access Article
122 - بررسی روند تغییرات زمانی شوری آب در ایستگاههای هیدرومتری رودخانه دز از نظر کاربرد در کشاورزی
سعید آزیش علی عصاره داود خدادادی دهکردیدر این مطالعه روند تغییرات شوری آب رودخانه دز از نظر کاربرد در کشاورزی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور 7 ایستگاه آب­سنجی در طول مسیر رودخانه انتخاب شد. آمار اندازه­گیری شده شوری آب رودخانه در سال­های 93-83 از سازمان آب و برق خوزستان جمع&sh Moreدر این مطالعه روند تغییرات شوری آب رودخانه دز از نظر کاربرد در کشاورزی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور 7 ایستگاه آب­سنجی در طول مسیر رودخانه انتخاب شد. آمار اندازه­گیری شده شوری آب رودخانه در سال­های 93-83 از سازمان آب و برق خوزستان جمع­آوری و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سپس نتایج با استانداردهای ویلکوکس و رهنمودهای آب آبیاری آیرز و وستکات مورد بررسی و طبقه بندی قرار گرفت. در طبقه بندی ویلکوکس در طی 10 سال، ایستگاه های سپید دشت سزار، سپید دشت زاز، تنگ پنج سزار و دزفول در کلاس C2-S1 قرار گرفت؛ که در نتیجه از نظر نسبت جذب سدیمی در محدوده کم خطر و از نظر شوری در محدوده آب­های کمی شور قرار دارد که برای کشاورزی تقریبا مناسب هستند. ایستگاه تنگ­پنج بختیاری نیز در سال­های 84-83، 84-85، 85-86 ، 88-89 و 92-91 در کلاس C2-S1 و در سال های 87-86، 88-87، 90-89، 91-90، 93-92 و 94-93 در کلاس C3-S1 قرار گرفت. همچنین ایستگاه­های حرمله و بامدژ در کلاس C3-S1 قرار گرفتند که از نظر نسبت جذب سدیمی در محدوده کم خطر و از نظر شوری در محدوده آب­های شور قرار می­گیرند؛ که در نتیجه با تمهیدات مناسب و مدیریت کنترل شوری و استفاده از زهکشی مناسب زمین برای کشاورزی مشکلی بوجود نمی­آورند. از نظر رده­بندی کیفیت آب آبیاری به روش FAO، میزان سدیم، کلسیم، منیزیم و سولفات نرمال است و در استفاده از بی­کربنات همه ایستگاه­های مورد بررسی با محدودیت متوسط مواجه بود. از نظر کلر نیز فقط ایستگاه بامدژ با محدودیت مواجه بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Critique of Jung's Old Model in the Story of the King and the Essence of Ur
azadeh ebrahimipour moslem nadalizadeArchetypes are common images in the human subconscious memory and conscience that show the common manifestations of that period in each era, and recognizing their changes and transformations can increase our view of deep cultural, moral and religious currents in histori MoreArchetypes are common images in the human subconscious memory and conscience that show the common manifestations of that period in each era, and recognizing their changes and transformations can increase our view of deep cultural, moral and religious currents in historical periods. In his works, Jung mentions several archetypes, and considers each of them individually and in general connection as one of the most meaningful manifestations of the collective psyche ﻲ psycheﺗoh; It is one of the intertextual conditions of education and fluency. The most important reason is that. Editing is made clearer to the reader bﻳ,'s study of Jung's archetype by the famous Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung ﺑﺎ in a story from the sixth book of Masnavi There is a direct connection between psychology and Masnavi. Archetypes are common images in the human subconscious memory and conscience that show the common manifestations of that period in each era, and recognizing their changes and transformations can increase our view of deep cultural, moral and religious currents in historical periods. In his works, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - A comparative criticism of the classification of conceptual metaphors from lakoff and Johnson view with new classification with evidence from Afghani and Ishiguro works.
Sanaz Taghipoury hajebi Kamran Pashaie fakhri parvaneh AdelzadehThe present study, examination and compares the contemporary view of metaphor against its new classification.The contemporary theory of metaphors which was systematic put forward by lakoff and Johnson, the study of metaphor transformed in to a conceptual metaphor that i MoreThe present study, examination and compares the contemporary view of metaphor against its new classification.The contemporary theory of metaphors which was systematic put forward by lakoff and Johnson, the study of metaphor transformed in to a conceptual metaphor that is at the core of cognitive linguistics that encompasses the purpose of human thought and experience. Most recently due to the lack of categorization of some mapping names, a new classification was introduced by Afrashi and Hesami (1392), who introduced the structural and ontological classes in to three new Categories: objective to subjective, subjective to subjective and objective to objectiveThe purpose of the present study is to review and criticality two conceptual metaphorical perspective and to express their similarities and differences with some evidence of Afghani and IshiGuro.The research method is descriptive - analytical.The finding of the study showed that although the application of lakoff and Johnson classification is the basis of much of the current research, in some cases it is not sufficiently responsive in classifying metaphors, Therefore the new classification is more efficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Investigation of geomechanical parameters of material and rock mass, asmari Formation (Case study: Khersan dam-3 site)
mojtaba Nouri sartangi Gholamreza Lashkaripour Nasser Hafezi Moqadas Mohammad Ghafouri Hossein SadeghiEstimation of resistance parameters of rock mass is one of the most important engineering problems of rock.The study of geomechanical parameters and, finally, the classification of rock masses in the feasibility phase and the initial design of a project, which has very MoreEstimation of resistance parameters of rock mass is one of the most important engineering problems of rock.The study of geomechanical parameters and, finally, the classification of rock masses in the feasibility phase and the initial design of a project, which has very little comprehensive information on the geotechnical properties of rock masses, the amount of stress and the available hydrological characteristics, The main purpose of using a classification system is to classify the parameters and, using their results, provide the nature of the rock mass and its engineering behavior in different conditions. Since rock mass specifications are in the design of drilling, design of retainers, tilt design and other requirements. On this basis, it was considered necessary to obtain the resistance parameters of Khersan 3 Dam site so that, by analyzing these data, the stability of the tunnel, the geomechanical classification of rock mass using the RMR, QI, GSI method can be calculated and the relationship between rock mass resistivity parameters Compare the modulus of elasticity and deformation from different relationships and compare each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Qualitative Assessment of Ardabil Plain Groundwater Wells
ابراهیم Fatei سمیه Nedaei-Gilarlo نسیم Seedsadegian S.T Seedsafavian R. SadeghiUnderground water resources of Ardabil plain is used for drinking, industry and agriculture activities in the studyarea. In order to water quality assessment of Ardabil plain wells to use in agricultural purposes water quality of81 deep wells that are utilized for agric MoreUnderground water resources of Ardabil plain is used for drinking, industry and agriculture activities in the studyarea. In order to water quality assessment of Ardabil plain wells to use in agricultural purposes water quality of81 deep wells that are utilized for agricultural irrigation was evaluated. In this study electrical conductivity,sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate and total hardness were measured.Studied wells were classified based on the percentage of sodium, EC and sodium adsorption ratio. By means ofPiper Diagram most of Ardabil Plain water is as carbonate type; in these wells are predominant sodium andpotassium. Wilcox diagram showed that 45 % of samples(35 sample) are in middle-saline class, 43.5 % ofsamples(34 sample) in saline class, 11.5 % of samples(9 sample) in very saline class Overall, the risk of salinityis moderate to high and alkalinity risk is lower. These waters are relatively suitable for agricultural uses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Evaluation of super-resolution algorithm for detection and recognition of features from MODIS and OLI images in sub-pixel scale using Hopfield Neural Network
Mohammad Hosein Mehrzade Abarghooee Ali Sarkargar ArdakaniFuzzy classification techniques have been developed recently to estimate the class composition of image pixels, but their output provides no indication of how these classes are distributed spatially within the instantaneous field of view represented by thepixel.This dis MoreFuzzy classification techniques have been developed recently to estimate the class composition of image pixels, but their output provides no indication of how these classes are distributed spatially within the instantaneous field of view represented by thepixel.This distribution is often determined based on the principle of spatial dependence and from land-cover fraction images derived with soft classification technology. An approach was adopted that used the output from a fuzzy classification to constrain a Hopfield neural network formulated as an energy minimization tool. The network converges to a minimum of an energy function. energy minimum represents a “best guess” map of the spatial distribution of class components in each pixel. The technique was applied to remote sensing imagery and the resultant maps provided an accurate and improved representation of the land covers. Low RMSE, high accuracy By using a Hopfield neural network, more accurate measures of land cover targets can be obtained, The Hopfield neural network used in this way represents a simple, robust, and efficient technique, and results suggest that it is a useful tool for identifying land cover targets from remotely sensed imagery at the subpixel scale. The present research purpose was evaluation of HNN algorithm efficiency for different land covers (Land, Water, Agricultured land and Vegetation) on MODIS & OLI images and related ranking, results of present super resolution algorithm has shown that according to precedence, most improvement in feature’s recognition happened for Water, Land, Agricultured land and ad last Vegetation with RMSEs 0.044, 0.072, 0.1 and 0.108. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Inventory of Single Oak Trees Using Object- Based Method on WorldView-2 Satellite Images and on Earth
yousef taghi mollaei Abdolali Karamshahi Seyyed Yousef ErfanifardRemote sensing provides data types and useful resources for forest mapping. Today,one of the most commonly used application in forestry is the identification of singletree and tree species compassion using object-based analysis and classification ofsatellite or aerial i MoreRemote sensing provides data types and useful resources for forest mapping. Today,one of the most commonly used application in forestry is the identification of singletree and tree species compassion using object-based analysis and classification ofsatellite or aerial images. Forest data, which is derived from remote sensing methods,mainly focuses on the mass i.e. parts of the forest that are largely homogeneous, inparticular, interconnected) and plot-level data. Haft-Barm Lake is the case study whichis located in Fars province, representing closed forest in which oak is the valuablespecies. High Resolution Satellite Imagery of WV-2 has been used in this study. Inthis study, A UAV equipped with a compact digital camera has been used calibratedand modified to record not only the visual but also the near infrared reflection (NIR) ofpossibly infested oaks. The present study evaluated the estimation of forest parametersby focusing on single tree extraction using Object-Based method of classification witha complex matrix evaluation and AUC method with the help of the 4th UAV phantombird image in two distinct regions. The object-based classification has the highest andbest accuracy in estimating single-tree parameters. Object-Based classification methodis a useful method to identify Oak tree Zagros Mountains forest. This study confirmsthat using WV-2 data one can extract the parameters of single trees in the forest. An overall Kappa Index of Agreement (KIA) of 0.97 and 0.96 for each study site has been achieved. It is also concluded that while UAV has the potential to provide flexible and feasible solutions for forest mapping, some issues related to image quality still need to be addressed in order to improve the classification performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Inventory of Single Oak Trees Using Object-Based Method on WorldView-2 Satellite Images and Earth
yousef taghi mollaei abdolali karamshahi Seyyed Yousef ErfanifardRemote sensing provides data types and useful resources for forest mapping. Today, one of the mostcommonly used application in forestry is the identification of single tree and tree species compassionusing object-based analysis and classification of satellite or aerial MoreRemote sensing provides data types and useful resources for forest mapping. Today, one of the mostcommonly used application in forestry is the identification of single tree and tree species compassionusing object-based analysis and classification of satellite or aerial images. Forest data, which is derivedfrom remote sensing methods, mainly focuses on the mass i.e. parts of the forest that are largelyhomogeneous, in particular, interconnected) and plot-level data. Haft-Barm Lake is the case study whichis located in Fars province, representing closed forest in which oak is the valuable species. HighResolution Satellite Imagery of WV-2 has been used in this study. In this study, A UAV equipped with acompact digital camera has been used calibrated and modified to record not only the visual but also thenear infrared reflection (NIR) of possibly infested oaks. The present study evaluated the estimation offorest parameters by focusing on single tree extraction using Object-Based method of classification with acomplex matrix evaluation and AUC method with the help of the 4th UAV phantom bird image in twodistinct regions. The object-based classification has the highest and best accuracy in estimating single-treeparameters. Object-Based classification method is a useful method to identify Oak tree Zagros Mountainsforest. This study confirms that using WV-2 data one can extract the parameters of single trees in theforest. An overall Kappa Index of Agreement (KIA) of 0.97 and 0.96 for each study site has beenachieved. It is also concluded that while UAV has the potential to provide flexible and feasible solutionsfor forest mapping, some issues related to image quality still need to be addressed in order to improve theclassification performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Investigation and forecasting of land use changes in Shahrekord city Using LCM and GIS
Jafar Rahimi Seyed Ali AlmodaresiThe study was conducted to investigate land use changes in Shahrekord city in the period of 1990, 2000 and 2020. In order to analyze the changes in the region, the images of Landsat 5 SensorTM satellite for 1990 and 2000 and Landsat 8 Sensor OLI, 2020 were used. The mod MoreThe study was conducted to investigate land use changes in Shahrekord city in the period of 1990, 2000 and 2020. In order to analyze the changes in the region, the images of Landsat 5 SensorTM satellite for 1990 and 2000 and Landsat 8 Sensor OLI, 2020 were used. The model used in this study, modeler of LCM land changes, in this study, first in the vegetation index area were classified into several classes without cover, low cover, medium cover, high cover and very high cover, also according to the location and topography of the area for Classifications of urban uses, agriculture, water area, wasteland and roads were considered. Comparison of the 2020 forecast map with the 2020 land use classification map showed that the forecasts were acceptable for urban use. Also in the discussion of roads was high accuracy. In the discussion of vegetation and agriculture, there was no forecast of water reduction (reduction of reserves) and it was found that in the forecast map, vegetation, especially in the east, has increased much. The 2030 forecast indicates further development of urban land use and vegetation and agriculture Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Evaluation and Comparison of Different Supervised Classification Algorithms in Lands User Map Preparation Using Satellite Images (Case Study: Miandoab City)
Mehdi MohamadpourPreparation of land use maps using traditional methods, in addition to spending a lot of time and money, is mainly about efficiency and it does not have the necessary accuracy. Today, satellite imagery and remote sensing techniques have a wide range of applications in a MorePreparation of land use maps using traditional methods, in addition to spending a lot of time and money, is mainly about efficiency and it does not have the necessary accuracy. Today, satellite imagery and remote sensing techniques have a wide range of applications in all sectors, including agriculture, natural resources, and land use mapping, due to the provision of timely data and high analysis capabilities, variety of shapes, digitality, and the possibility of processing. Satellite imagery Landsat 8 for August 2020 was used, which after making the necessary corrections in the pre-processing stage, action experimentation or fusion of the desired image using the panchromatic band and spatial resolution of the image was increased from 30 meters to 15 meters. In the next step, four different classification methods, including backup vector machine, maximum probability, Mahalanoob distance, and minimum mean distance were compared. The results showed that the classification method of backup vector machine with average overall coefficients and kappa of 100 and 1, respectively, has higher accuracy than other methods. Priority accuracy of classification methods is in the form of backup vector machine, maximum probability, Mahalanoob distance, and minimum distance from the mean, respectively. Finally, by assessing the accuracy using user accuracy, producer accuracy, overall accuracy, kappa coefficient and error matrix, land use map was prepared in three separate classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - The use of Aster satellite images and SVM technique in zoning and prioritizing worn-out urban fabric against earthquakes (Case example of Region 3 of Kerman city)
Maryam Nohesara Malihe Zakeriyan Seyed Ali Almodaresi Mostafa Khabazi Mohamad Hosin SaraiEarthquake is one of the basic natural calamities of today's era, which always happens in a very short period of time and sometimes has irreparable results. Today, the vulnerability of cities and especially old and worn-out structures to earthquakes is a global issue fa MoreEarthquake is one of the basic natural calamities of today's era, which always happens in a very short period of time and sometimes has irreparable results. Today, the vulnerability of cities and especially old and worn-out structures to earthquakes is a global issue facing experts in various fields. This situation has been manifested in a more serious way in countries with risky natural structures, including Iran, during the past decades. As a result, although it is not possible to prevent an earthquake, it is possible to reduce the damage caused by it. The experience of earthquakes in recent decades has shown that a major part of the damages caused by earthquakes can be due to the lack of proper knowledge of vulnerable points, in fact, for proper knowledge and evaluation, study and sufficient background of information is required. And reliable knowledge is required. Since the city of Kerman is located in the tectonic zone of central Iran and has large and deep faults and fractures from the geological point of view, as well as the existence of unsuitable materials for buildings and houses, dilapidated residential units, high age Buildings, inappropriate accesses and winding passages in the areas of worn-out fabric can be the source of huge crises, severe damages and casualties, therefore, due to the vulnerability of the city and especially the worn-out fabric against earthquakes, in this research First, by using the ASTER satellite images of 2007, the worn-out textures of Kerman city were identified Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Presenting a technique for identifying and diagnosing epileptic seizures using nonlinear feature extraction based on DT-CWT coefficients of brain EEG signals with a deep
abdullah jafari chashmi -
Open Access Article
134 - Methodology of theme analysis in determining metrics and indicators of criticality of urban infrastructures based on intrinsic value
Gholam reza hossein ali beyki abbas akbarpour nik ghalb rashti seyed azim hosseini hamid Reza abasian jahromiIntroduction of the research: The countries of the world that are on the path of progress pay special attention to infrastructures in national dimensions in order to maintain their performance and capabilities. Maintaining the performance and effective management of inf MoreIntroduction of the research: The countries of the world that are on the path of progress pay special attention to infrastructures in national dimensions in order to maintain their performance and capabilities. Maintaining the performance and effective management of infrastructures with regard to limited resources requires a comprehensive model for prioritizing critical infrastructures.The purpose of the research: to determine indicators and measures of criticality based on the intrinsic value of infrastructuresResearch method: Thematic analysis method was used to answer the research question. In this method, by reviewing documents and scientific articles, prominent themes were extracted. The validation method of this research is interpretive validity. Final approval was done by presenting the results to five experts.Findings: Based on the research findings, 61 initial codes were created. Due to the large number of codes, similar items were reduced to 11 themes based on conceptual affinity. Based on these themes, vital indicators were presented in the form of 9 main relationships.Conclusion: The research results showed that the most important indicators include; The amount of investment, non-dependence on other countries in providing essential goods, gross domestic product, fair access to life facilities, sufficient access to clean water, access to health services, preservation and sustainability of resources (water, soil and air), usefulness of infrastructure in support and the production of military equipment that can be used to assess infrastructure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Assessment of the capability of supervised classification algorithms in the preparation of vegetation map Case Study: Abyek, Tehran
ensiyeh mihanparastIn order to properly manage rangeland ecosystems and vegetation, it is necessary to know the relationship between their components. One of the main components of these ecosystems is vegetation and its composition, which is under the control of environmental factors. In MoreIn order to properly manage rangeland ecosystems and vegetation, it is necessary to know the relationship between their components. One of the main components of these ecosystems is vegetation and its composition, which is under the control of environmental factors. In other words, the pattern of vegetation distribution is affected by many environmental factors. Today, business awareness and its health play an important role in soil and plant management. Also, the use of vegetation maps is one of the most important pillars in the production of information for regional planning. Therefore, using remote sensing knowledge and careful study of elements, it is possible to identify vegetation and its types and its distribution using satellite images. Therefore, in the present study, two supervised classification algorithms including Maximum likehood and Spactral angel mapper have been used to evaluate the vegetation cover and its distribution for Abyek region. The overall accuracy for the MLC and SAM algorithms is 91.86 and 68.85, respectively, and the MLC and SAM kapa ratios are 0.89 and 0.62, respectively. Therefore, the MLC algorithm was recognized as a more appropriate method for assessing and estimating the vegetation distribution of the Abyek region, and therefore the MLC algorithm has a higher accuracy than the SAM algorithm. It goes without saying that the correlation between vegetation and environmental factors is one of the most important issues affecting the formation of the structure of plant communities and their distribution in each region and study area, and the specific conditions of each region are different. Recognize and manage vegetation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Effects of dam construction on physical development and upstream and downstream dam change using remote sensing (Case Study: June 15th, Qom)
Ahmad RajabiSo far, many studies have been conducted to identify and detect land cover changes and land use changes. Optimizing land cover monitoring is an inevitable necessity in natural resource management. Given the evidence and effects of climate change in the region and the de MoreSo far, many studies have been conducted to identify and detect land cover changes and land use changes. Optimizing land cover monitoring is an inevitable necessity in natural resource management. Given the evidence and effects of climate change in the region and the declining and increasing trend of some coverages and land uses can be effective in prioritizing conservation and zoning strategies. Factors such as land resources, environment, population, economy and society must be taken into account for sustainable development. Any type of development, regardless of quantity or quality, has specific environmental effects (1). Over time, dam construction has made some changes in the land cover - use of dams, in this study we aim to detect these changes. Therefore, for detecting cover changes - upstream and downstream of the Khordad 15 Khordad Dam during the period 201–990 1990, first visualize the changes using Googel Earth, then use Landsat 5 (1990 image) before. Dam Construction and Landsat 8 (Picture 2019) After dam construction and flooding using ENVI software, visual and automated changes detection are performed and the results of automatic image changes and classification in two classes Modified and unchanged Accuracy was 86.38% and was unchanged and modified by classification into three classes ( Decreased) reached 85.51% accuracy.Key words: Sustainable development,RemoteSensing,Dams,Change Detection,Classification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Evaluation of high resolution satellite images in preparing agricultural cadastral maps for land integration (Case study: Iconus image of Urmia)
Ahmad Rajabi saeed sadeghian mohamad khaliliToday, the integration of agricultural lands is one of the most basic measures in the development and progress of the agricultural industry. In order to integrate agricultural lands, we need to implement the agricultural property cadastre plan. The cadastre includes a m MoreToday, the integration of agricultural lands is one of the most basic measures in the development and progress of the agricultural industry. In order to integrate agricultural lands, we need to implement the agricultural property cadastre plan. The cadastre includes a map and descriptive information of each property. Cadastral maps are maps that we must prepare or have a database to prepare and update. Databases on the one hand contain descriptive and spatial information of the reference land and on the other hand include techniques of collecting, updating, processing and distributing data. To manage databases, you must use a variety of spatial information systems. The cadastre provides a single and correct identity for each piece. Theoretical and practical advances in various technologies such as remote sensing satellite imagery and GIS in data collection management can improve quality, cost, efficiency and effectiveness. An appropriate technology should be selected for mapping and maintaining geometric cadastral information along with strategic goals. Advantages of using satellite images, time consuming and high workload of using aerial images in the production and updating of topographic maps, as well as issues related to flying over the border areas of the country, the need to study and study more on satellite images more than It enlightens us. In this research, first, a regular review of IKONOS satellite image potential measurement was performed in order to extract the information layers of cadastral maps (large-scale) and ground information systems. That is, to what extent does a satellite image have the capacity to extract information layers in terms of geometric and content accuracy? After that, we entered the extraction of agricultural boundaries from the satellite image, which is the most important complication in the agricultural real estate cadastre. Extraction of agricultural border is based on image edge extraction operations, visual identification and image classification. In evaluating the geometric accuracy of IKONOS image in theory, the result was that the geometric accuracy of this image is optimal for 1: 5000 maps. The evaluation of the geometric accuracy of the IKONOS image using Grade 3 two-dimensional polynomial equations is related to the selection of 95 control points and 5 check points with the desired value of RMSE = 0.56M for 1: 2000 maps and the best combination using rational equations with 95 Control point and 5 checkpoints in the use of 13 sentences with RMSE accuracy = 0.4M optimal 1: 1000 maps and the best combination using SPLine equations with 80 control points and 20 checkpoints RMSE accuracy = 2.6M optimal 1 maps : 5000. In terms of content, IKONOS image is suitable for viewing, recognizing and extracting the information layer of the border of agricultural properties in different areas of the image for preparing large-scale maps or agricultural real estate cadastre. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Ability to prepare methods land use maps using satellite images (Case study: Kamyaran city)
saman javaheri ali asghar torahi seyed mohammad tavakoli sabourIt is important to have new land use plans in many areas, including natural resource management and land planning. Remote sensing data has a high potential for preparing up-to-date land use maps and land cover. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the methods of pre MoreIt is important to have new land use plans in many areas, including natural resource management and land planning. Remote sensing data has a high potential for preparing up-to-date land use maps and land cover. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the methods of preparing land use maps of Kamyaran city using satellite images. In this study, OLI Landsat 8 satellite sensor data for June 2018 were used. Initially, preliminary processing, including radiometric, atmospheric, and geometric corrections, was performed on raw data. ground control points were used for training, accreditation, and land use mapping. The Landuse class was identified at each point by field survey and using Google Earth images in 9 user classes of agricultural lands, forest, garden, rich pastures, medium pastures, residential areas, water area, barren lands and rocky outcrops. In the following, maximum probability, minimum distance, support vector machine and Mahanalubi distance were used for the supervised classification in ENVI 5.3 software. To evaluate the accuracy of classification methods, two criteria of general accuracy and capa coefficient were used with ground control data. The results showed that the support vector machine method was 91.4% more accurate and the Kappa coefficient was 0.88% more accurate than other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Object-Based Classification by using Hierarchical Segmentation and Weighted Genetic Algorithm
Davood AkbariHyperspectral imaging concerns measurement and interpretation of spectral imagery acquired by satellite, airborne, terrestrial, or laboratory sensors over visible, infrared and sometime thermal spectral regions of electromagnetic spectrum. There are two major approaches MoreHyperspectral imaging concerns measurement and interpretation of spectral imagery acquired by satellite, airborne, terrestrial, or laboratory sensors over visible, infrared and sometime thermal spectral regions of electromagnetic spectrum. There are two major approaches for classification of hyperspectral images: the spectral or pixel-based techniques, and the spectral-spatial or object-based techniques. Recently, an effective approach for spectral-spatial classification has been proposed using Hierarchical SEGmentation (HSEG) grown form automatically selected markers. This paper aims at improving this approach for classification of hyperspectral images in urban areas. The Weighted Genetic (WG) algorithm is first used to obtain the subspace of hyperspectral data. The obtained features are then fed into the marker-based HSEG algorithm. Then, the contextual features from segmented images are extracted. For spatial features, area, entropy, shape, adjacency and relation features are considered as the potential components in feature space. Finally, using both spectral and spatial features, the image objects are classified by a rule-based classifier. The experimental tests are applied to two datasets: the Berlin, and Quebec City, which are two known and benchmark datasets in hyperspectral imagery. The evaluation of results showed that the proposed approach achieves approximately 16% and 9% better overall accuracy than the Original-HSEG algorithm for these datasets respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Detection of land use changes using satellite imagery during the period 1984-2019 (Case study of Kamyaran city)
saman javaheri Ali asghar TorahiLand use change due to human activities is one of the important issues in regional and development planning. Given the advantages and capabilities of satellite data, this technology can be of great help in identifying and detecting these changes. The purpose of this stu MoreLand use change due to human activities is one of the important issues in regional and development planning. Given the advantages and capabilities of satellite data, this technology can be of great help in identifying and detecting these changes. The purpose of this study is to detect land use changes in Kamyaran city using satellite images over a period of 35 years. In this study, data from 1984 TM sensor, 2000 ETM + sensor and 2019 Landsat OLI sensor were used. Initially, preliminary preprocessions including radiometric, atmospheric and geometric corrections were performed on the raw data. Land control points were used for training, accreditation and to prepare land use map. Land use class was determined by field survey and using Google Earth images in 9 land use classes of agricultural lands, forests, gardens, rich and wooded pastures, medium rangelands, residential areas, water area, barren lands and rock outcrops. Next, the neural network method was used to monitor the images in ENVI 5.3 software. The evaluation results showed that the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of OLI classified images are 94.3 and 0.92%, ETM + 92.6 and 0.91% and TM 90.3 and 0.87%, respectively. The results showed that forest lands and rich and wooded pastures decreased significantly during three time periods, which decreased by 11.64 and 19.12 percent, respectively. So that rich and wooded pastures have an increasing trend until 2000 and in the next period until 2019 has a decreasing trend. Residential lands, water areas and gardens increased by 2.27%, 0.57% and 3.98%, respectively. Due to the growing trend of population and urbanization, the results of this study provide the necessary information to make basic decisions in the development of management policies for planners and regional managers for the sustainability and evaluation of natural resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Quantitative studies in the management of the banking industry in order to increase customer satisfaction and profitability (case study: Bank Mellat)
Mohammad Moradi Mohammad Sadegh Horri Iraj NooriIn order to provide all kinds of facilities to their customers, credit institutions need to carry out complete surveys in order to know the applicants from qualitative and quantitative aspects, in order to fully evaluate the ability to repay and calculate the probabilit MoreIn order to provide all kinds of facilities to their customers, credit institutions need to carry out complete surveys in order to know the applicants from qualitative and quantitative aspects, in order to fully evaluate the ability to repay and calculate the probability of non-repayment of facilities and services. Financially, these surveys are generally called validation. The purpose of this research is to rank the groups of customers and determine the best parts of them so that the brokerage company can perform credit allocation in a mechanized way. For this purpose, after the initial pre-processing of the data, they are processed in the form of RFM 1 model. Then, using the SOM 2 neural network as one of the clustering algorithms, the customers will be divided into 10 clusters. In the following, using the proposed model, the clusters are ranked. The best clusters are identified and the operation of granting facilities is done for the members of these clusters. Finally, three clusters 5, 1 and 7 were determined as the best clusters, which are the target customers. The coefficient of facilities granted to these top three clusters is 0.271, 0.173 and 0.556 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Pottery Classification and Chronology of Sarand-Daghdaghan Cemetery, East Azerbaijan
Saeid Sattarnejad Mohammad Rahmatpour Javad Zhaleh AghdamAs one of the most important cultural finds, pottery has an essential place in the chronology of sites and the reconstruction of regional and extra-regional cultural interactions. Therefore, it is very important to know the pottery of each period. In some of the northwe MoreAs one of the most important cultural finds, pottery has an essential place in the chronology of sites and the reconstruction of regional and extra-regional cultural interactions. Therefore, it is very important to know the pottery of each period. In some of the northwestern areas of Iran, sites belonging to the Iron Age I and II have been identified and explored. Therefore, there is a relative understanding of the pottery of this region. However, in some areas, especially Heris County, the Iron Age situation is not well known. The exploration of Sarand-Daghdghan cemetery is very important in understanding the cultural situation of this city in the Iron Age, and introducing and presenting the pottery collection of this site is beneficial for regional studies and the relative chronology and recognition of pottery types in this area. In this research, which was conducted by field and library method, the pottery finds obtained from Sarand-Daghdaghan cemetery were studied, typologically, compared, and analyzed. Here, a comparative study of the pottery of Sarand-Daghdaghan cemetery with the pottery of other sites has been done with the aim of typology of the collection of pottery of this cemetery and relative chronology of cultural materials. In this cemetery, 6 types of pottery forms have been identified and documented, which are comparable to the data of some Iron Age I and II sites in Iran, the South Caucasus, and East Anatolia. According to the conducted studies and relative chronology, it can be stated that the clay collection of Sarand-Daghdaghan Heris cemetery is related to Iron Age I and II. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - The Appearance of Plastic Images in Pottery and its Relation to Cultural Changes Occurred with the Transition from Bronze Age to Iron Age at Iran
Hamidreza Valipour Iman Mostafapour Hossein Davoudi Ahmad Chaychi AmirKhizThe first step in any study of archaeological materials is, necessarily, ordering the material into some sort of classificatory system. Therefore this article is analysis of plastic image in pottery on the basis of ceramic classification. The classification of ceramics MoreThe first step in any study of archaeological materials is, necessarily, ordering the material into some sort of classificatory system. Therefore this article is analysis of plastic image in pottery on the basis of ceramic classification. The classification of ceramics into meaningful types is the first step in using ceramic data in archaeological analysis. The next and ultimately more important step is to use those data to answer questions about cultural changes at the past. Study of cultural changes is one of the important aims in archaeological researches. Changes in technology, decorations, forms and organization of ceramic production have, in turn, been used to societies. This article outlines one of the decoration types in the pottery and stylistic analysis to study of the cultural changes during the bronze and iron age at Iran. The aim of this article is the study of plastic images in the pottery and the origin of this technique at Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Describe the Statistical Classification of Late Neolithic Pottery Gousha Tepe Area (Meshkinshahr)
Hassan DerakhshiPottery as evidence important archeological while in a proper framework for the study, classification and explain; it can be spent on practical aspects of his conceptions like reflection of thought, creativity, innovation and one of the cultural review,In this research MorePottery as evidence important archeological while in a proper framework for the study, classification and explain; it can be spent on practical aspects of his conceptions like reflection of thought, creativity, innovation and one of the cultural review,In this research paper, focusing on the study and classification of Neolithic pottery Gousha Tepe area explored during the first Excavation 2004 results; regular and methodical features and indicators of various aspects of the pottery types is to continue and break with the traditions and styles of pottery in this period with the next phases of the hill turn Gousha tepe, and the total paid to this issue and whether the continuing gap between pre-historic cultures of the East Azeri field centered around Lake gousha tepe cultures there or not, Our studies showed that the process continues its tradition of pottery not only in phases of site, but we have a tradition of style and technique between this area and the Lake Urmia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Sasanian Pottery of Western Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Based on Archaeological Survey Samples of Farsan County
Hossein Habibi Yadollah Heydari Baba KamalPottery is the most abundant and one of the most important archaeological materials, which can be used by Archaeologists for the purposes like dating, specifying the technological and socio-political complexity level of various human groups, artistic transitions and stu MorePottery is the most abundant and one of the most important archaeological materials, which can be used by Archaeologists for the purposes like dating, specifying the technological and socio-political complexity level of various human groups, artistic transitions and study of economic and cultural interactions between past societies. Therefore making acquaintance with this material culture and presenting more and more exact classifications is a basic, but of high importance work to be done in the archaeological recognition of past societies. Yet, unfortunately our archaeological knowledge of the Sasanian ceramics is negligible. Finding a large number of Sasanian shards from the archaeological survey of Farsan County in Chahar-mahal & Bakhtiari province, the present paper deals with description, typology and comparison of Sasanian ceramics from this county. Based on that, it has been specified that Sasanian Pottery of Farsan has the clear similarity with acquired samples from the neighboring cultural zones of Khuzestan and Fars which according to the dynastic character of Sasanian political system, geographic specifications of the region and the prevailing livelihood mode of nomadism of these societies make sense. The results of this research gave a new sight to the interaction between the under study region, which is lying at the crossroad of southwest, west and central plateau routs of Iran, and neighboring regions during Sasanian era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Identification and classification of Gastropoda with corals in Qeshm Island (Khalaf pond and Naz beaches)
mahnaz sadat sadeghi aria ashja ardalan hoda sadat ahmadiSo far, many studies have been done on the classification and ecology of mollusks in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Identification and classification of the lower abdomen along with corals on Qeshm Island. Sampling was performed in two different stations on Qeshm Island MoreSo far, many studies have been done on the classification and ecology of mollusks in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Identification and classification of the lower abdomen along with corals on Qeshm Island. Sampling was performed in two different stations on Qeshm Island in the summer of 2018. Finally, 17 families, 25 genera and 32 species were identified on Qeshm Island, which are as follows. Euchelus asper, Umbonium vestiarium, Lunella coronata, Nerita albicilla, Nerita textilis, Planaxis sulcatus, Cerithium caeruleum, Clypeomorus bifasciatus bifasciatus, Clypeomorus bifasciatus persicus, Rhinoclavis(Rhinoclavis)sinensis, Strombus(conomurex)persicus, Cypraea turdus winckworthi, Polinices mammilla, Cymatium(Monoplex)aquatile, Bursa(Bufonariella)granularis, Pyramidelloides angusta, Cronia cf konkanensis, Morula granulata, Thais savignyi, Thais sp, Anachis misera, Euplica varians, Mitrella blanda, Nassarius sp, Nassarius(Niotha) jactabundus, Nassarius(plicarcularia)fissilabris, Nassarius(plicarcularia)persicus, Nassarius(zeuxis)frederici, Bullia(Bullia)tranquebarica, Oliva bulbosa, Terebra nassoides,Tropaeas brunneomaculata The largest family in terms of species diversity was the Nassarridae family. The largest species in terms of size was Cymatium(Monoplex)aquatile 45mm and the smallest sample was Mitrella blanda5mm. In terms of frequency, Cerithium caeruleum species are the most abundant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Image classification optimization models using the convolutional neural network (CNN) approach and embedded deep learning system
AKBAR PAYANDAN Seyed Hossein Hosseini Nazhad -
Open Access Article
148 - Image classification optimization models using the convolutional neural network ( CNN ) approach and embedded deep learning system
AKBAR PAYANDAN Seyed Hossein HosseiniNazhad -
Open Access Article
149 - Design of MobileNet algorithm to optimize image classification in Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and implementation on FPGA
AKBAR PAYANDAN S. Hossein Hosseini Nejad -
Open Access Article
150 - Design of MobileNet algorithm to optimize image classification in Convolutional Neural Network ( CNN ) and implementation on FPGA
AKBAR PAYANDAN Seyed Hossein HosseiniNazhad -
Open Access Article
151 - Jawameol-olum book, and classification of science
حسین MirjaFari اصغر Montazerolgaem M.B KhazaeliJavameol olum book is a collection of various sciences by Ibn Farighun, with the aim of training courtiers with emphasis on the practical aspect of science that has been developed in the second half of fourth century. The author has divided the book into two parts. Co MoreJavameol olum book is a collection of various sciences by Ibn Farighun, with the aim of training courtiers with emphasis on the practical aspect of science that has been developed in the second half of fourth century. The author has divided the book into two parts. Court sciences have been raised in the first article and in the second, philosophical and religious sciences have been emphasized. The author has tried to explain different sciences briefly and effectively. In any of the articles subsidiary branches of science have been stated. Among reviewing Javameol olum book, this paper has noted Ebne Farighun’s approach toward science and classification of sciences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - CKD-PML: Toward an Effective Model for Improving Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease
Razieh Asgarnezhad Karrar Ali Mohsin Alhameedawi -
Open Access Article
153 - A Review of Feature Selection Method Based on Optimization Algorithms
Zohre Sadeghian Ebrahim Akbari Hossein Nematzadeh Homayun Motameni -
Open Access Article
154 - A Novel Classification Method: A Hybrid Approach Based on Large Margin Nearest Neighbor Classifier
Alieh Ashoorzadeh Abbas Toloie Eshlaghy Mohammad Ali Afshar Kazemi -
Open Access Article
155 - Detection of Breast Cancer Progress Using Adaptive Nero Fuzzy Inference System and Data Mining Techniques
Hengameh Mahdavi -
Open Access Article
156 - Facial Expression Recognition Based on Structural Changes in Facial Skin
Zeynab Shokoohi Karim Faez -
Open Access Article
157 - Negative Selection Based Data Classification with Flexible Boundaries
Lena Nemati Mojtaba Shakeri -
Open Access Article
158 - Fuzzy Streaming Data Classification Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Amineh Tohidi Mohammad Amin Adibi Alireza AlinezhadIn this research, a new fuzzy streaming data classification method is presented. Fuzzy data classification is one of the most challenging areas in data analysis due to high-volume and sophisticated computation engaged in data analysis techniques. However, in some other MoreIn this research, a new fuzzy streaming data classification method is presented. Fuzzy data classification is one of the most challenging areas in data analysis due to high-volume and sophisticated computation engaged in data analysis techniques. However, in some other areas such as mathematical programming, great achievements are obtained in modeling of systems measured by fuzzy data. So, in this research classification based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) is selected to handle fuzzy data classification. On the other hand, the proposed method can be applied for dealing with streaming data by using an updating schema. This feature makes the proposed method suitable for non-stationary environment in which data pattern varies over the time. Experiments using simulated data demonstrate the capability of the proposed method in dealing with uncertain and non-stationary environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Designing and Explaining a Pattern for Municipality Dependent Organizations Ranking
Mohamad Mehdi Ghomian Seyed Hesam Vaghfi Ali FayazFocusing only on organizations' performance aspects (and not focusing on features, intrinsic differences aspects and external factors that affect organizations' performance), is one of the major deficiencies in current performance evaluation and ranking systems which al MoreFocusing only on organizations' performance aspects (and not focusing on features, intrinsic differences aspects and external factors that affect organizations' performance), is one of the major deficiencies in current performance evaluation and ranking systems which also receive little attentions in previous studies. So, we tried in this study to develop and modify Balanced Scored Cards (B.S.C) and design a customized pattern for ranking municipality dependent organizations. We consider performance and classification indexes in the pattern together (but in two separate layers). In this study, we used Delphi Technique for designing phase and experts' opinions review who include managers in all municipality organizations and dependent companies (14 organizations and 6 dependent companies). Suggested weights by participants to four aspects of the pattern were tested by analytical hierarchy process pairwise comparisons (AHP) and compatibility rate for weights is 0.019 which shows compatibility in pairwise comparisons. After designing pattern which includes 41 categorized indexes), we execute it selectively in Mashhad five urban services dependent organizations (including fir stations and safety organizations, waste management organization, parks and green spaces organization, cemeteries organizations and fruits and vegetables and organizing jobs department). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Classification of Streaming Fuzzy DEA Using Self-Organizing Map
Alireza Alinezhad Mohammad Amin Adibi Amine Tohidi -
Open Access Article
161 - A Data Mining approach for forecasting failure root causes: A case study in an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) manufacturing company
Seyedehpardis Bagherighadikolaei Rouzbeh Ghousi Abdolrahman Haeri -
Open Access Article
162 - A hybrid model based on machine learning and genetic algorithm for detecting fraud in financial statements
Akbar Javadian Kootanaee Abbas ali Poor Aghajan Mirsaeid Hosseini Shirvani -
Open Access Article
163 - Optimization of Inventory Controlling System Using Integrated Seasonal Forecasting and Integer Programming
Hagazi Heniey Kidane Gebrehiwot Tsegay Desta Leake Gebrehiwot -
Open Access Article
164 - Uncertainty Identification in Microblogs
Fairouz Zendaoui Walid Khaled Hidouci Saeed Rouhani -
Open Access Article
165 - Humanitarian Smart Supply Chain: Classification and New Trends for Future Research
Fatemeh Kheildar Parvaneh Samouei Jalal AshayeriDuring the crisis, relief supply chain management (also known as humanitarian supply chain management) has received great attention these days. The core questions facing many humanitarian organizations are: where are their strengths/weaknesses? Are they positioned to be MoreDuring the crisis, relief supply chain management (also known as humanitarian supply chain management) has received great attention these days. The core questions facing many humanitarian organizations are: where are their strengths/weaknesses? Are they positioned to be effective in their supply chain system? What challenges do you need to overcome? What do they need to do to take advantage of the technological opportunities offered nowadays? These questions have been addressed them extensively during the past two decades. This paper tries to review and classify some of the papers carried out in key areas of the humanitarian supply chain such as location, certainty and uncertainty, relief teams and injured (patient) classification, machine learning, queue theory, the employed research methods, solution methods, and the type of objective functions. The paper begins first to define what the “humanitarian” ecosystem may include, and which actors play important roles. After, certain critical views of the humanitarian relief supply chain are examined. The critical views of the humanitarian relief supply chain would help researchers to introduce further research orientations and areas to overcome crises in the real world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - A New Algorithm for Optimization of Fuzzy Decision Tree in Data Mining
Abolfazl Kazemi Elahe Mehrzadegan -
Open Access Article
167 - The Effect of Economic and Social Factors on Life Insurance Demand in Iran and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Hedayat Hosseinzadeh Nowadays life Insurance is one of the most important economic tools and it has several applications the most important role of it is securing the future of the family. Also life insurance is known as one of the major sources of funds and its saving role is more More Nowadays life Insurance is one of the most important economic tools and it has several applications the most important role of it is securing the future of the family. Also life insurance is known as one of the major sources of funds and its saving role is more prominent. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of social and economic factors (per capita income, inflation, interest rates, financial development, dependency ratio, education and life expectancy) on life insurance demand in Iran and CIS countries over the period 2001-2009 using the Panel data. Research findings show that per capita income levels, interest rates, the level of financial development, education and life expectancy are the most important factors affecting the demand for life insurance. In this regard, the young dependency ratio has an inverse relationship with the demand for life insurance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Presenting a Hybrid Model based on the Machine Learning for the Classification of Banking and Insurance Industry Common Customers
Hamidreza Amirhassankhani Abbas Toloie Eshlaghy reza radfar Alireza pourebrahimiGlobal competition, dynamic markets, and rapidly shrinking innovation and technology cycles, all have imposed significant challenges on the financial, banking, and insurance industries and the need to data analysis for improving decision-making processes in these organi MoreGlobal competition, dynamic markets, and rapidly shrinking innovation and technology cycles, all have imposed significant challenges on the financial, banking, and insurance industries and the need to data analysis for improving decision-making processes in these organizations has become increasingly important. In this regard, the data stored in the databases of these organizations are considered as valuable sources of information and knowledge needed for organizational decisions. In the present research, the researchers focus on the common customers of the bank and insurance industry. The purpose is to provide a methodology to predict the performance of new customers based on the behavior of previous customers. To this end, a hybrid model based on support vector machine and genetic algorithm is used. The support vector machine is responsible for modeling the relationship between customer performance and their identity information and the genetic algorithm is responsible for tuning and optimizing the parameters of the support vector machine. The results obtained from customer classification using the proposed model in this research led to customer classification with a high accuracy of 99%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Measuring and Analysis of Total, Factor Productivity (Case Study: Industrial Sector of Kordestan Province)
Sedige Atrkar roshan Fateme RasouliThe purpose of this research is to measure and analyse the total factor productivity (TFP). The case under study is the industrial sector of Kordestan Province in Iran. In order to achieve this goal, based on the International classification of the commodities, ( ISIC R MoreThe purpose of this research is to measure and analyse the total factor productivity (TFP). The case under study is the industrial sector of Kordestan Province in Iran. In order to achieve this goal, based on the International classification of the commodities, ( ISIC Riv, 2) and applying panel data for the period 2005-2011, the industrial sector is categorized into 23 groups and the productivity is measured. Since the data for the capital stock is not available for the Kordestan Province, it is calculated in this study first. Using various production functions, and selecting the most suitable functions, the elastisities, are then estimated. In the next step, the TFP is measured by applying the Divisia Index, for the period under consideration. The findings of this research show that TFP for the Industrial sector of Kordestan Province has reduced annually by 2 percent on average.However, the TFP in the industrial sector as a whole was 0/06 during the period under study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - A Study of the Effect of Labor Force Productivity on Unemployment in Iran
Roya Alomran Seyed Ali Alomran Vahide Kasmaye pourUnemployment is classified as one of the most serious obstacles to economic and social progress. So to avoid the negative effects of unemployment, reducing the rate of unemployment should be considered as one of the leading development goals in developing countries. One MoreUnemployment is classified as one of the most serious obstacles to economic and social progress. So to avoid the negative effects of unemployment, reducing the rate of unemployment should be considered as one of the leading development goals in developing countries. One characteristic of developing countries is the low rate of productivity growth, and the increase in productivity is the result of reducing the use of resources, reducing costs, using better methods of production or improving the ability of production factors, especially the labor-force. So, the Objective of this research is to study the effect of productivity of labor-force on unemployment in Iran from 1978 to 2010. For the theoretical analysis of the topic, ordinary least squares method was used, and the data were collected by the annual time series coefficients data. The research results of this method indicate that the impact of all variable coefficients has been expected based on the theoretical frame work, the coefficients for all variables are significant, and productivity of labor has a negative effect on unemployment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - The Effect of Globalization on Total Factor Productivity (Case Study: Iran and selected countries of Islamic Conference Organization)
Seyedali Payetakhti oskoye Laleh Tabagchi akbareToday, globalization has created new opportunities and challenges for various countries through economic liberalization, foreign investment, capital flow, information exchange, and technological change.In this paper, the impact of globalization on the total productivity MoreToday, globalization has created new opportunities and challenges for various countries through economic liberalization, foreign investment, capital flow, information exchange, and technological change.In this paper, the impact of globalization on the total productivity of factors of production has been studied for the selected 16 countries of OIC during the period 1990 to 2011. In order to estimate the effects of variables, panel cointegration technique with Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method has been employed. Empirical results show that globalization and professional labour have a positive effect on the total productivity of factors of production. However, the influence of inflation and world financial crisis is negative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Comparing the effective Factors on labor Force productivity in small and large industry in Iran: 1994- 2013
Mohammad Mowlaei Azadeh ShahabAlthough, the small and large industries are essentially different in thenumber of labor Force and the amount of capital, but their optimalproduction obviously is under the effect of productivity of labor Force.The aim of this study is to analyize and making clear the a MoreAlthough, the small and large industries are essentially different in thenumber of labor Force and the amount of capital, but their optimalproduction obviously is under the effect of productivity of labor Force.The aim of this study is to analyize and making clear the amount of theeffectiveness of Factors on labor Force productivity in small and largeindustries in Iran during 1994 to 2013. Some of the important Factorsthat are effective in increasing productivity are: physical capital, humancapital, the real wage level, the accumulation research and development(R & D), and the gap between actual and potential production. In thisresearch, using the statistical information from the statistical center ofIran for the ninth industrial groups (I.S.C, Rev, 2) and using panel datamethod. The results showed that the impact of above Factors (except thegap production) on labor productivity is positive and the amount of themin small industries are more than the large ones. Thus, using the optimumof the studied variables in large industries and improving theperformance of them cause the increase in labor production in small andlarge industries in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - The Effects of Human Development on Labor Productivity in Selected OECD Countries
Monere Dezaji Arash Ketabforosh BadriOne of the basic issues in the field of development is rational utilization of the abilities and talents of the manpower in the community. Increasing productivity is the only way that will promote the economic development and welfare of a nation. The miraculous changes MoreOne of the basic issues in the field of development is rational utilization of the abilities and talents of the manpower in the community. Increasing productivity is the only way that will promote the economic development and welfare of a nation. The miraculous changes in short-term economic growth and development in many countries are the result of increased productivity and the optimum, efficient and effective use of human and physical resources they have. In this regard, this study tries to investigate the effects of the Human Development Index on labor productivity in 32 selected OECD countries by using panel data model in the period 2002-2009. The results show that Human Development Index had a significant and positive effect on labor productivity in the countries studied. Also, openness, value added production, health expenditures and physical capital have positive and significant effects on labor productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - The Role of Islamic Republic of Iran in Promoting Economic Justice in the last Three Decades: The TVP Approach
Mohammad Ali Motafaker Azad Seyed Kamal Sadegi Seyed Abbas Mousaviyan Ahmad Asadzadeh Habib AghajaniA major concern in any social system including the Islamic Economic System has always been explication of the role of the government in economy and achieving economic justice. The aim of the present study, thus, was to explore the role of the government in fulfilling th MoreA major concern in any social system including the Islamic Economic System has always been explication of the role of the government in economy and achieving economic justice. The aim of the present study, thus, was to explore the role of the government in fulfilling the criteria for economic justice in Iran. To achieve the goal, we first estimated the descriptive statistics of various references to economic justice based on religious texts specifically the holy Koran, Sunna, and views of Islamic Experts. Further, the role of the government was investigated via the TVP approach and the Kalman Filter method in administration of justice over a 40-year period commencing from 1355. The findings revealed that the state development expenditure has constantly enhanced economic justice while current spending failed to promote economic justice criteria. Also, inflation has always been one of the impressive factors influencing and deteriorating economic justice parameters. In addition, economic growth has failed to promote economic justice criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Evolving Fuzzy Systems in Taxi Demand Forecasting and Classification
Luis Linhares Alisson SilvaThis work presents an approach to taxi demand forecasting and classification. The proposed approach uses historical data from taxi rides and meteorological data. The Kruskal-Wallis variable ranking method is used to identify the most relevant variables. The selected var MoreThis work presents an approach to taxi demand forecasting and classification. The proposed approach uses historical data from taxi rides and meteorological data. The Kruskal-Wallis variable ranking method is used to identify the most relevant variables. The selected variables are used as input to an evolving fuzzy system to perform the prediction. Once the forecast is made, the demand results are classified by value ranges. Those ranges are also identified by colors that compose a heatmap, displayed at each time interval. In this work, to perform the prediction, four evolving systems are evaluated: Autonomous Learning Multi-Model (ALMMo); evolving Multivariable Gaussian Fuzzy Modeling System (eMG); evolving Fuzzy with Multivariable Gaussian Participatory Learning and Recursive Maximum Correntropy eFCE and; evolving Neo-Fuzzy Neuron (eNFN). Computational experiments were carried out to evaluate the evolving systems in predicting Pick-Up and Drop-Off, at intervals of 15 and 30 minutes, for 86 zones in New York, covering the period from 01/01/2018 to 31/ 10/2018. The results obtained by the evolving systems are compared with each other and state of the art. Among the evolving models, ALMMo presented the best results compared to the state of the art and other evolving models. Performance obtained by the evolving models suggests that the proposed approach is promising an alternative to forecasting and classifying passenger demand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - An Artificial Intelligence Framework for Supporting Coarse-Grained Workload Classification in Complex Virtual Environments
Alfredo Cuzzocrea Enzo Mumolo Islam Belmerabet Abderraouf HafsaouiWe propose Cloud-based machine learning tools for enhanced Big Data applications, where the main idea is that of predicting the “next” workload occurring against the target Cloud infrastructure via an innovative ensemble-based approach that combines the effectiveness of MoreWe propose Cloud-based machine learning tools for enhanced Big Data applications, where the main idea is that of predicting the “next” workload occurring against the target Cloud infrastructure via an innovative ensemble-based approach that combines the effectiveness of different well-known classifiers in order to enhance the whole accuracy of the final classification, which is very relevant at now in the specific context of Big Data. The so- called workload categorization problem plays a critical role in improving the efficiency and reliability of Cloud-based big data applications. Implementation-wise, our method proposes deploying Cloud entities that participate in the distributed classification approach on top of virtual machines, which represent classical “commodity” settings for Cloud-based big data applications. Given a number of known reference workloads, and an unknown workload, in this paper we deal with the problem of finding the reference workload which is most similar to the unknown one. The depicted scenario turns out to be useful in a plethora of modern information system applications. We name this problem as coarse-grained workload classification, because, instead of characterizing the unknown workload in terms of finer behaviors, such as CPU, memory, disk, or network intensive patterns, we classify the whole unknown workload as one of the (possible) reference workloads. Reference workloads represent a category of workloads that are relevant in a given applicative environment. In particular, we focus our attention on the classification problem described above in the special case represented by virtualized environments. Today, Virtual Machines (VMs) have become very popular because they offer important advantages to modern computing environments such as cloud computing or server farms. In virtualization frameworks, workload classification is very useful for accounting, security reasons, or user profiling. Hence, our research makes more sense in such environments, and it turns out to be very useful in a special context like Cloud Computing, which is emerging now. In this respect, our approach consists of running several machine learning-based classifiers of different workload models, and then deriving the best classifier produced by the Dempster-Shafer Fusion, in order to magnify the accuracy of the final classification. Experimental assessment and analysis clearly confirm the benefits derived from our classification framework. The running programs which produce unknown workloads to be classified are treated in a similar way. A fundamental aspect of this paper concerns the successful use of data fusion in workload classification. Different types of metrics are in fact fused together using the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence combination, giving a classification accuracy of slightly less than 80%. The acquisition of data from the running process, the pre-processing algorithms, and the workload classification are described in detail. Various classical algorithms have been used for classification to classify the workloads, and the results are compared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - The effect components of corporate governance on the profitability of listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange
mohmmad sayrani fatemeh qasemnejadAbstractCorporate governance has two dimensions of operational dimension and supervisory dimension in any company, both of which can affect the company's performance. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of corporate governance components on the pr MoreAbstractCorporate governance has two dimensions of operational dimension and supervisory dimension in any company, both of which can affect the company's performance. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of corporate governance components on the profitability of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research period was 10 years from 2010 to 2019. Therefore, by selecting 151 companies as the research sample, the research question regarding the effect of the corporate governance components was examined by estimating the multivariable regression model and using the combined data model. The results showed that among the examined components, independence of audit committee, independence of board of directors, expertise of audit committee, gender diversity of board of directors, tenure of the CEO, expertise and competence of the internal audit unit and type of auditor had a positive effect on the profitability of the company. The duality of management duties in the board of directors had a negative effect on the profitability of the company. Also, the shares owned by institutional investors and the number of meetings of board of directors and the size of the internal audit unit did not have any effect on the profitability of the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Classification, Prioritization, Intrinsic Value, Critical Infrastructure, Assets, Indices, Best-Worst.
Gholam reza hossein ali beyki Abbas Akbarpoor Nikghalb Rashti Seyed Azim Hosseini Hamidreza Abbasian JahromiToday, the growth and development of societies in economic, social, political, public health and security dimensions depends on the performance of critical infrastructure. Infrastructure management and management is one of the most important concerns in this field to en MoreToday, the growth and development of societies in economic, social, political, public health and security dimensions depends on the performance of critical infrastructure. Infrastructure management and management is one of the most important concerns in this field to ensure their proper performance and sustainability against the risks ahead. Securing and safeguarding critical infrastructure and key assets against all risks, factors and adverse conditions is one of the most challenging issues for governments due to limited financial resources. One way to overcome these limitations is to prioritize and classify infrastructure. Proper determination of priorities, using measurable indicators, in addition to distinguishing critical assets and infrastructure from non-critical ones, leads to optimal resource management and increases the effectiveness of measures to protect critical infrastructure. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate and validate the indicators of the vitality of critical infrastructure and determine the weight of each indicator by the best-worst method. The results of studies performed on 26 initial indicators and the validity and reliability of the indicators led to the final confirmation of 24 indicators. Weighting of indicators was done according to the best-worst method (BWM). Based on calculations based on the opinions of selected experts, the index "Number of population at risk" with a weight of 8.5%, "Independence and territorial integrity" with a weight of 7.8% and "Defense capability" with a weight of 7.8%, respectively, have the highest weight and importance. Are assigned among the indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Land Use Changes Modeling and Future Predictions Using CA-ANN Simulation in the Watershed of 25 (Shenroud, Siahkal)
Roghayeh JahdiIn this study, we analyzed the spatial–temporal trends of land use dynamics from 2000 to 2021 using remote sensing data. The image classification was based on three main land use classes, i.e. forest, artificial areas (agriculture and built-up), and other natural MoreIn this study, we analyzed the spatial–temporal trends of land use dynamics from 2000 to 2021 using remote sensing data. The image classification was based on three main land use classes, i.e. forest, artificial areas (agriculture and built-up), and other natural areas (bare lands, grassland, plantation, shrubland, water bodies, and woodlands). Maps of land use changes in the area for 2000-2021 show that built-up areas have increased by 9.3%. In contrast, forest and other natural areas decreased by 7.1% and 2.2%, respectively. In addition, an integrated CA-ANN (Artificial Neural Networks- Cellular Automata) model was used to predict land use changes from 2021–2042. The percentage of correctness for the simulation was 91%, and the overall kappa value was 0.86. Similar to the classified maps in 2000-2021, the prediction maps from 2021–2042 illustrated increasing trends in built-up areas by 4.7% and decreasing trends in the forest by 4.26% and other natural areas by 0.4%. In this work, we implemented ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models to predict land cover changes in the study area as a function of explanatory variables [elevation, slope, and proximity variables - distance to the city center, roads, villages, and streams-]. The results of the OLS models showed a relatively good performance for predicting land use changes with an R-squared value greater than 0.5. These results provide important knowledge that can help develop future sustainable management and planning and help managers make informed decisions to improve environmental and ecological conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Zoning and prioritizing the context of the 6th area of Kerman city against earthquakes using remote sensing techniques
Maryam Nohe sara Malihe Zakerian S.Ali Almodaresi mostafa khabazi Mohamad Hossain SaraiToday, the vulnerability of cities and especially old and worn-out structures against earthquakes is an important issue for environmental risk experts. The city of Kerman, due to its location in the tectonic zone of central Iran and having large and deep faults and frac MoreToday, the vulnerability of cities and especially old and worn-out structures against earthquakes is an important issue for environmental risk experts. The city of Kerman, due to its location in the tectonic zone of central Iran and having large and deep faults and fractures from a geological point of view, can be the source of huge crises, severe losses and casualties; Therefore, in this research, first, by using ASTER satellite images of 2007, the worn-out tissues of Kerman city were identified using SVM. In this study, the kappa coefficient of 76% was determined for all classes, and the kappa coefficient of 59% of the worn-out tissue was determined. The city of Kerman was identified. The results showed that the support vector machine classification method has the ability to detect nearly 75% of the worn-out fabric of the area, and the SVM method has worked very well in identifying the six areas of worn-out urban fabric. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Shifts in Köppen-Geiger climate zones over Balochistan plateau of Pakistan and its potential challenges to Iran
محمدیوسف احمدپور محمدیوسف احمدپور تقی طاوسی تقی طاوسی حمید نظری پور حمید نظری پور Climate classification systems(CCSs) are important tools for understanding the specific characteristics of a region's climate. The main purpose of these classifications is to determine the climate types and to find their similarities, differences and variability. More Climate classification systems(CCSs) are important tools for understanding the specific characteristics of a region's climate. The main purpose of these classifications is to determine the climate types and to find their similarities, differences and variability. Climate zones are threatened by global warming and climate change. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible shifts of climate zones over the Balochistan plateau of Pakistan and its potential challenges to Iran based on the improved Koppen-Geiger CCSs. The data includes average monthly precipitation and temperature of the Delaware university dataset for the 1990-2017 periods. The results show the main climate with two subgroups in the study area. These climates include a hot desert climate(BWh) and a cold desert climate(BWk). The hot desert climate is dominated in southern and western and the cold desert climate in northern and western regions.In recent decades, the increasing range of hot desert climate limited the cold desert climate. The range of the cold desert climate has declined sharply, reaching from about 55-65 to about 50-55 percent. In contrast, the range of hot desert climate increased in response to these conditions, reaching from about 35-45 to about 45-50 percent.Therefore, it is expected that the zones of the hot desert climate will increase rapidly in the future. These conditions will add to environmental quality and resource depletion problems especially in border areas with Iran and can pose important challenges such as climate migration, border security, and health. The results of this research can play a significant role in adopting forward-looking policies to address the impacts and challenges of climate change on the border regions of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Classification of changes in the length of rainfall-dependent dry periods in Iran
seyed keramat hashemi anaTo study the behavior of dry period lengths, precipitation data were used on a daily scale for 45 synoptic stations in Iran (1985-2017). In order to spatially distribute the dry periods, sequences of 10, 20, 30 and more than 30 days were used and turned into zones. The MoreTo study the behavior of dry period lengths, precipitation data were used on a daily scale for 45 synoptic stations in Iran (1985-2017). In order to spatially distribute the dry periods, sequences of 10, 20, 30 and more than 30 days were used and turned into zones. The results showed that the highest frequency of long-term dry periods (30 days and more), with 86 events is related to the south-eastern part of Iran and Iranshahr station. The lowest frequency with 3 cases belonged to Rasht station on the southwest coast of the Caspian Sea in northern Iran. The second-order Markov probability distribution was used to evaluate the type of dry period distribution, return continuity and their probability of occurrence. Probability matrix and return period for 10, 20 and 30 day continuities were calculated on a monthly scale and it was determined that June and April were the shortest dry period return periods (18 days) in the arid central and eastern regions of the country with the highest probability of occurrence ( 89%) and the longest return period is related to October and November in the wetlands of the north and northwest coast of the country (338 days) and the lowest probability of occurrence (28%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Climatic Classification for Hormozgan Province Based on Litynski Method
صدیقه پرون صدیقه پرون غلامرضا یاوری غلامرضا یاوری مریم رضازاده مریم رضازادهTraditional climate classification methods are very diverse. Despite their historical and comparative importance, these methods have weaknesses that reduce their efficiency. Implementing sustainable developments in disadvantaged areas in need requires precise planning b MoreTraditional climate classification methods are very diverse. Despite their historical and comparative importance, these methods have weaknesses that reduce their efficiency. Implementing sustainable developments in disadvantaged areas in need requires precise planning based on talents and resource constraints. The climate of each region is one of the most important determinants of local development potentials. The purpose of this research is to determine the climate of Hormozgan province based on the Litynski method which is described in this paper. In the Liyinski system, three primary elements of temperature, precipitation and barry coefficient are used. This method utilizes auxiliary indicators for categorical comprehensiveness, which includes three indicators of the coincidence, a dry season and the state of sunlight. Required data were collected from seven weather stations of Hormozgan province including Haji Abad, Minab, Bandarlenge, Qeshm, Rudan, Jask and Bandar Abbas during the years 2002-2017 and used in Excel and SPSS environment. Finally, the climate of stations was estimated using five indicators. The results showed that the two stations of Bandar Abbas and Qeshm are more similar in terms of climate. Rudan has a warm tropical climate based on temperature division. Jask also has the most dry months. Regarding the compliance index of all stations, the main precipitation is in the cold season. In terms of the radiation status index, the same results were obtained for all stations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Landslide Using AHP Model In GIS Case Study: Valley Village Qalandar Flour City Dehdez
Masoud Safaeepoor Ali Shojaeean Nasrin AtashafroozLandslides and erosion of natural phenomena in the evolution of land forms involved. When the human population is affected by this phenomenon can be dangerous incident. Causing loss of life and destruction Vazjmlh financial resources, the destruction of residential area MoreLandslides and erosion of natural phenomena in the evolution of land forms involved. When the human population is affected by this phenomenon can be dangerous incident. Causing loss of life and destruction Vazjmlh financial resources, the destruction of residential areas, destruction of farms and farmland and roads, destroying bridges, railways, closing the tunnels, dams break and damage the electrical tower and so on be. In this study, the landslide hazard zonation never valley village Qalandar using AHP model in GIS are discussed. Slope, aspect, elevation, land use, topography, rainfall as the main parameters affecting the landslide area were selected. After preparing the data layer using the above parameters for mapping landslide risk weighting model and the ARC GIS software was used to analyze the relationship of AHP. The results of weighting model AHP, and implement it with the slip occurred in the catchment area shows that Paramtrhsasyt erosion formations with the greatest weight (219/0) and land use (173/0) and the lowest height (052 / 0), the lowest weight gain and other indicators respectively, rainfall, altitude, and minimum weight of the layer's waterways. After overlay zoning landslide hazard map into 4 groups: very high, high, medium, low, very little was produced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Comparison of different classification algorithms in Landsat OLI imagery to produce land use maps (Case study: Beheshte Gomshode region)
mohammad kazemi ahmad nohegar Mirdad MirdadiAll necessary information from the remote sensing technology basics and accurate classification of satellite images. Land use mapping is one of the key factors in studies of environment and natural resources management. Mapping land use is often one of the most expensiv MoreAll necessary information from the remote sensing technology basics and accurate classification of satellite images. Land use mapping is one of the key factors in studies of environment and natural resources management. Mapping land use is often one of the most expensive parts of natural resources and environmental projects. Satellite data is one of the fastest and most cost-effective methods for mapping land use that is available for researchers. In recent years, researchers from the different methods of classification algorithms land use maps have been produced using this data. This study investigated the ability of 8 common algorithms for land use mapping by Beheshte Gomshodeh in Fars province Using data from the Landsat OLI sensor is 2015. The results showed that the ML and SVM classification by 98.98 and 98.73% overall accuracy factor and 98.41 and 98.09% kappa coefficient is better than other methods, respectively. The accuracy of the order of priority 8 that is, Maximum likelihood, Support Vector Mashine, Mahalanobis distance, Spectral information divergence, Spectral angle mapper, Minimum distance from the mean, binary code and parallel piped. Method of maximum likelihood classification with98.83 was the highest confidence in level of 1 percent confidence interval. All the research results of this study can be using the correct classification. Land use maps can be extracted with higher accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Comparison of three visual, object-based, and supervised classification methods of land use/cover mapping in Mollah-Ahmad Watershed, Ardabil
Azad Kakehmami Ardavan GhorbaniDue to the growing population and consequently the degradation and uncontrolled use of land, awareness of the state of the land and its use is necessary. In this study, the main purpose was land use /cover mapping of the Mollah Ahmad Watershed. Two types of Google Earth MoreDue to the growing population and consequently the degradation and uncontrolled use of land, awareness of the state of the land and its use is necessary. In this study, the main purpose was land use /cover mapping of the Mollah Ahmad Watershed. Two types of Google Earth images (Quickbird images, 2013) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor of Landsat 8 image (2014) with three methods of visual interpretation (Google Earth images), object-based classification (Google Earth images), and supervised classification (Landsat 8) were used. In order to evaluate the land use /cover map produced from the methods, 51 points were selected as control points for the accuracy assessment. The results showed that the overall accuracy of the map generated from visual interpretation, object-based classification, and supervised classification were 100, 90, and 72 percent, respectively and their kappa coefficients were 1, 0.85 and 0.6, respectively, which the high accuracy of the maps generated from two methods of visual and object-based interpretation. The method of interpreting the visually using the high-resolution images (Quickbird with 0.65 to 2.9 m resolutions) of Google Earth is the most accurate method; however, the object-based classification method due to its low cost in terms of time in large environment has relatively acceptable accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - The use of Aster satellite images and SVM technique in zoning and prioritizing the urban context against the earthquakes (case study of the 5 nd area of Kerman city)
Maryam Nohe sara Malihe Zakeriyan Seyad Ali Almodaresi Mostafa Khabazi Mohamad Hosin Sarai Iran is one of the ten earthquake-prone countries and the sixth earthquake-prone country in the world. The city of Kerman, as the center of the country's largest province, is no exception to this rule, with a lot of worn-out urban fabric. The city of Kerman is loc More Iran is one of the ten earthquake-prone countries and the sixth earthquake-prone country in the world. The city of Kerman, as the center of the country's largest province, is no exception to this rule, with a lot of worn-out urban fabric. The city of Kerman is located on the northern edge of the Kerman Plain as a thrust subduction (graben) along with numerous faults on the border between the mountains and the plain and the areas near the city, some of which can cause earthquakes even stronger than 7. Richter. The worn-out urban texture has also added to it. Today, the vulnerability of cities to earthquakes has become an important issue for environmental risk experts. In this research, using ASTER satellite images of 2007, the worn-out textures of Kerman city were identified using SVM. In this study, the kappa coefficient of 76% was determined for all classes and the kappa coefficient of 59% was identified in Kerman. The results showed that the support vector machine classification method has the ability to detect nearly 45% of the worn tissue of the area. This identification showed that the support vector machine method could not work very well in identifying the area of five worn-out urban fabrics. As a result, the heritage of the area was identified with the control points in the worn-out fabric by field investigation and matching Google images. Due to the existence of many barren lands in this area and the spectral similarity of the barren land with worn-out texture, the support vector machine method could not provide proper identification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Study on land-use changes using GIS and RS techniques and . economic evaluationcompared to soil loss changes. Case study: Azad dam watershed
maarof emamgholi kaka shahedi mohamad hosein farhodi kheh bat khosraviThis study was carried out for assess changes in land-cover and land-use from 1987 to 2006 in the Azad dam watershed of Kurdistan province. For this purpose, initially using Landsat satellite images, percent of vegetation cover map was provided then by correction geomet MoreThis study was carried out for assess changes in land-cover and land-use from 1987 to 2006 in the Azad dam watershed of Kurdistan province. For this purpose, initially using Landsat satellite images, percent of vegetation cover map was provided then by correction geometric, radiometric and the season difference in imaging, the best band combination was selected and land-use maps was prepare using Maximum Similarity Likelihood algorithm and supervised classification. The overall accuracy test used to determine the accuracy of produced map. The result showed that, the area of irrigated land from 14.33% to 13.70%, dry land from 15.43% to 26.63% and poor rangelands from 24.37% to 42.17% have increased but, the average rangelands from 28.57% to 14.83% and good rangelands with shrub cover from 17.30% to 2.64% have been reduced. Also, classification accuracy in irrigation land, dry land, poor and average and good rangelands were determined 66, 74, 82, 76 and 84 percent respectively. Subsequently, the amount of soil loss and sediment yield using EPM model have been estimated that in 1987 this amount was 8.7 m3/ha/y and to 10.2 m3/ha/y for 2006 was increased. Finally, obtained results of economic estimation and occurred soil loss showed that stakeholders were damaged to 10 billion rails in the study area Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Land use mapping of Kaftareh Watershed of Ardabil using visual and digital processing of ETM+ image
ardavan ghorbani farnoosh aslami saeed ahmadabadi sahar ghaffariAbstract The availability of land use information permits decision-makers to develop plans in short to long-term period for the conservation, sustainable use and development of natural resources and watersheds. In this study, ETM+ image (2006), GPS and GIS were used fo MoreAbstract The availability of land use information permits decision-makers to develop plans in short to long-term period for the conservation, sustainable use and development of natural resources and watersheds. In this study, ETM+ image (2006), GPS and GIS were used for image interpretation, field data collection and land use mapping. Preprocessing and required correction have conducted. Initially, field visit have been conducted and different land uses have been defined. In the second step, image was visually interpreted and then training area has selected and using the maximum likelihood algorithm image was classified. According to the lack of the capability for detecting river beds and residential areas in digital image processing, integration of visual and digital interpretation (supervised classification) and object-based image analysis were used. Results show that, in visual interpretation, there is almost no capability to discriminate rangeland from dry farming land uses; however garden, residential areas and riverbeds are discriminated. Results of supervised classification show that there are problems to detect and discriminate different land uses; however, by integration of digital and visual interpretation, it is possible to use Landsat data to discriminate different land uses in the areas such as Kaftareh watersheds and Arshagh region of Ardabil province. The results of the evaluation of object-based classification accuracy showed the highest overall accuracy, because the method parameters such as scale, shape, tone and texture, in addition to using pixel values were used in classification, hence with appropriate segment creation, there is the possibility of precise discrimination of land uses such as residential areas from dryland farming. In the future studies, according to the importance of land use map in the studies such as natural resources, watershed managements and agriculture, it is better to use high spatial imagery and object-based methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Urban Development Leveling of the Cities in Bushehr Province Using Numerical Taxonomy Model
gholamreza moradi Mahsa DehghanianAssessing the level of development of communities has been a concern for regional planners in all countries. The use of quantitative criteria for the classification of settlements leads to understanding the level of inequality between residential areas and provides a me MoreAssessing the level of development of communities has been a concern for regional planners in all countries. The use of quantitative criteria for the classification of settlements leads to understanding the level of inequality between residential areas and provides a measure to reduce and eliminate these inequalities. To address regional imbalances, regions need to be identified and classified based on their level of development in different areas. The aim of this research is to identify disadvantaged areas and plan for reducing intra-regional disparities to achieve balanced development. In this study, 12 indices have been selected within the framework of numerical taxonomy analysis to assess the level of development and classify the counties of Bushehr Province. The research method used in this study is descriptive-analytical. Based on this classification, Bushehr with a development coefficient of 0.01382 is the most developed city, while Jam with a coefficient of 0.724444 is identified as the most disadvantaged city in the province. The results of this research indicate a center-periphery pattern dominating the spatial structure of Bushehr Province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Tag Questions in Persian: Investigating the Conversational Functions
Ali Asghar Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
192 - Greeting Speech Act Forms in Iranian Junior High School Textbooks: Prospect Series vs Four Corners Series
Neda Sanie Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi -
Open Access Article
193 - Sport Result Prediction Using Classification Methods
Arash Mazidi Mehdi Golsorkhtabaramiri Naznoosh Etminan -
Open Access Article
194 - Fake News Detection Using Feature Extraction, Resampling Methods, and Deep Learning
Mirmorsal Madani Homayun Motameni Hosein Mohamadi -
Open Access Article
195 - Investigating the position of the middle class in Iran after the Islamic Revolution
Aliakbar omidi Hamidreza Saeedinezhad Idris BeheshtiniaSocial classification is a type of social segregation in which social hierarchies and situations are important. With the advent of Karl Marx, the term class took on a special meaning and became one of the fundamental concepts in the contemporary social sciences. Examini MoreSocial classification is a type of social segregation in which social hierarchies and situations are important. With the advent of Karl Marx, the term class took on a special meaning and became one of the fundamental concepts in the contemporary social sciences. Examining the historical developments and social movements in the last few centuries, In Iran and after the Islamic Revolution and the establishment of the structure of the Islamic Republic, following changes in the main areas of society (political, economic, social and cultural) in the field of classes, some changes occurred. The purpose of this article is to explain the position of the middle class in the socio-political developments of Iran after the Islamic Revolution until 2013. The purpose of this article is to explain the position and role of the middle class in the political and social developments in Iran.Examining the position and function of social forces in political and social developments as well as its impact on the legitimacy of the ruling structure is one of the basic issues in political sociology.. The results of the research show that the middle class is known as the main class in the socio-political developments of Iran, which uses components such as the class accompanying the ideology of the system, trying to transition to democracy in Iran, strengthening political participation , strengthening relations with Influential groups and parties in the political arena and strengthening the political culture has been able to play an important role in legitimizing the ruling structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Modeling the Factors Affecting the Capital Structure in Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, the Approach of Bayesian Averaging Model
Zahra Talebi Mohammad Sokhanvar Tahereh AkhoondzadehThe capital structure, meaning the way the company is financed, affects the value of the company, the relationship between the components of the capital structure, which is a mixture of bonds and stocks for financing, has a significant effect on the performance results MoreThe capital structure, meaning the way the company is financed, affects the value of the company, the relationship between the components of the capital structure, which is a mixture of bonds and stocks for financing, has a significant effect on the performance results of companies, the aim of the research is to model the factors affecting the capital structure in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (the approach of Bayesian averaging (BMA), This research is practical in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of nature. In order to achieve the goal of the research, 175 companies were selected from among the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1390 to 1400 by systematic elimination method and considered as the main sample.In order to identify the most important variables affecting the capital structure, the BMA model has been used. Based on this, 61 identified variables affecting the capital structure were included in the Bayesian averaging model. These variables were divided into two categories of internal and external factors. Based on previous probabilities, 17 variables were identified as important variables on capital structure. Among these variables, 10 intra-company variables (type of ownership; net operating profit; current ratio; total assets turnover ratio; interest rate coverage ratio; debt-to-equity ratio; beta per share; accrual profit management; financial distress and tax) and 7 external variables (inflation, exchange rate, budget deficit, business climate index, economic resilience index, sanctions index, capital market depth) were effective on the capital structure Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - The effect of monetary policy on production and inflation in the context of gender discrimination in the Iranian labor market
Heidar Zobeidi Karim Emami Farhad Ghaffari The main purpose of this paper is to explain the effect of monetary policy shock on output and inflation variables in the context of gender discrimination in the Iranian labor market using the new Keynesian stochastic dynamic equilibrium mode More The main purpose of this paper is to explain the effect of monetary policy shock on output and inflation variables in the context of gender discrimination in the Iranian labor market using the new Keynesian stochastic dynamic equilibrium model during the period 2008-2009. The results of solving the model showed that the existence of gender discrimination in the Iranian labor market as a destructive phenomenon leads to economic inefficiencies such as reduced wages for men and women, consumption, production and welfare. The results also showed that in the context of gender discrimination, the transmission of the expansionary monetary policy shock to the variables of production and inflation is weaker than the conditions of non-discrimination. Based on the results, awareness of the hidden economic and social angles of this phenomenon and sensitization to planning for maximum elimination through the enactment of laws and the creation of special women's unions and responsible control and monitoring of institutions involved in the real situation of women workers in the Iranian labor market is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Evaluation of the Effect of Macroeconomic Variables and Islamic Financing on the Efficiency of Private and Public Banks in Iran
morteza jalalzadeh azar roya aleemran Hossein Panahi Hossein AsgharpurThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables and Islamic financing (Sukuk) on the returns of private and public banks in Iran (15 banks in total) using the panel data method during the period 1384-1396. The results of model estimat MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables and Islamic financing (Sukuk) on the returns of private and public banks in Iran (15 banks in total) using the panel data method during the period 1384-1396. The results of model estimation showed that sukuk, inflation, ratio of equity to total assets (as a variable of the bank) have a positive and significant effect on banks' returns. This means that the issuance of sukuk increases the efficiency and profitability of banks. The findings showed that government ownership has a negative impact on banks' returns; So that with increasing government share of banks, profitability and, consequently, the efficiency of banks decreases; The ratio of total expenditures to total assets also has a negative and significant effect on banks' returns and the size of the bank also has a negative and significant effect on bank returns. Whereas state ownership negatively affects the efficiency of banks; Please reduce the government's share of the bank's ownership. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Impact of Economic-Social Development on Air Quality in the Middle East Countries
masoumeh motallebi Reza Najarzade Lotfali AgheliThis research mainly aims to investigate the effect of economic-social development on air quality in Middle East countries. For this purpose, the effects of Socio-economic Development indicators and natural resource utilization indicators are examined as one of the main MoreThis research mainly aims to investigate the effect of economic-social development on air quality in Middle East countries. For this purpose, the effects of Socio-economic Development indicators and natural resource utilization indicators are examined as one of the main drivers of growth and development in the Middle East on Sulfur dioxide emission as an indicator for air quality. Since air pollution is a stable occurrence over time, the time-varying coefficient panel data model during the time period 2000-2019 is used to examine the impact of variables on Sulfur dioxide emissions. The results show that human capital, per capita income, and innovation have the greatest impact on the increase in Sulfur dioxide emissions, but resource usage indicators, especially the consumption of fossil fuels, lead to a decrease in Sulfur dioxide emissions. In fact, given the low use of renewable energy in the Middle East, energy consumption is mainly based on carbon sources. Thus, it is necessary to use environmental technologies and innovations instead of technology-based activities to control this issue in order to achieve sustainable economic growth and development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - The Analysis of Pricing Behavior of Firms in the Iranian Economy, Applying Wavelet Transforms Method
Pooya MohammadMehdi Reza Najarzade Hassan HeydariThis paper investigates the adaptability of (TDP) models for pricing patterns in Iranian economy. For this purpose, price sub-indexes monthly time-series in the period of 2014(4) to 2017(11) are used. Moreover, appropriate wavelet transformation method is applied to ext MoreThis paper investigates the adaptability of (TDP) models for pricing patterns in Iranian economy. For this purpose, price sub-indexes monthly time-series in the period of 2014(4) to 2017(11) are used. Moreover, appropriate wavelet transformation method is applied to extract pricing patterns from the time-series. Based on our findings, firstly heterogeneity is observed between pricing patterns of distinct groups of goods and services significantly which is inconsistent with (TDP) models assumption about the random distribution of price changing signals. Secondly, the pricing patterns changes over time which does not match with the assumption of uniform distribution of random signal during the time. As a result, the (TDP) models are not able to explain the pricing behavior patterns of the Iranian economy and the alternative approaches such as state-dependent pricing or rationally inattentive methods can be applied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - The Impact of Human Capital and Business Environment on the Economic Growth of Iran's Provinces
fazel qorbani ahmad sarlak Golamali HajiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of human capital and business environment on the economic growth of thirty provinces of Iran by Generalized Method of Moments using panel data during 2010-2016. The results showed that human capital and business env MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of human capital and business environment on the economic growth of thirty provinces of Iran by Generalized Method of Moments using panel data during 2010-2016. The results showed that human capital and business environment had a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of the provinces of the country, but human capital had more effect on the economic growth of the provinces than other variables. Based on the results, it is suggested that economic planners and policymakers strengthen the quality level of human capital and business competition environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Return and Volatility of International Oil Price and Stock Index in OPEC Member Countries
esmaiel abounoori hamed ziyaoddinThis study intended to examine the correlation between the stock market return and the oil price return within a multivariate GARCH model. To this end, the correlation of these two variables with the spillover rate, conditional mean, oil price fluctuations, and the stoc MoreThis study intended to examine the correlation between the stock market return and the oil price return within a multivariate GARCH model. To this end, the correlation of these two variables with the spillover rate, conditional mean, oil price fluctuations, and the stock market indexes of 10 OPEC members, i.e. Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Nigeria, Qatar, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Ecuador, were examined in the form of monthly times series for the 2014–2019 time span. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between the oil price volatility and the stock market return in OPEC member countries. In addition, there is a greater correlation between the oil price fluctuations and the stock return in countries where oil revenues make a bigger contribution to GDP. It was also concluded that the oil price volatility spreads to that of the stock returns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - The effects of crude oil prices in the world market on regional prices of gas, Vector Error Correction approach
Ali Aghili Moghaddam Ebrahim Abbassi Shahriar Nessabian Marjan DamankeshidehThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-term and short-term relationships between the behavior of gas and oil prices in regional markets and their impact on each other using the VECM correction method during the period 2000-2019. For this purpose, due to th MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-term and short-term relationships between the behavior of gas and oil prices in regional markets and their impact on each other using the VECM correction method during the period 2000-2019. For this purpose, due to the wide range of variables in each region, proxy technique has been used to analyze the markets of gas and oil regions. The findings show that among the regional prices of the gas and oil market in Asia and Europe (unlike the US market), due to the relationship of aggregation, the influence of oil market fluctuations is very high. Due to the importance of the role of financial markets in facilitating oil and gas transactions, it is suggested that the major supply of oil and gas through the energy exchange be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - The Effect of OPEC Statements on Fluctuations in Crude Oil Prices
Fariba Shahbodaghlou Aliasghar Esmaeilnia gatabi azadeh mehrabian ROYA SEIFIPOUR The purpose of this article is to examine the effect of OPEC statements (whether increasing, decreasing or not changing supply) on oil price fluctuations in crude oil markets. For this purpose, conditional heterogeneity and variable control variance models have b More The purpose of this article is to examine the effect of OPEC statements (whether increasing, decreasing or not changing supply) on oil price fluctuations in crude oil markets. For this purpose, conditional heterogeneity and variable control variance models have been used to investigate the effect of statements on Brent and WTI crude oil price fluctuations during the period 1987-2019 based on the event analysis approach. The findings show that OPEC statements have a significant effect on the turmoil in the oil market, and the type of statements varies on crude oil market fluctuations, and this effect has diminished over time. Based on the results, members' solidarity in the field of planning and coordinated implementation of decisions for maximum impact on the crude oil market is proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Identifying Factors Affecting Non-curent Debts of Banks Using Neural Networks and Support Vector Machine Algorithm
sajjad kordmanjiri iman dadashi zahra Khoshnood hamid reza gholamnia roshanThe main purpose of this paper is to identify the factors influencing the creation and increase of non-current debts to make a more appropriate decision in granting facilities. For this purpose, to select effective variables, from the analysis algorithms of correlation MoreThe main purpose of this paper is to identify the factors influencing the creation and increase of non-current debts to make a more appropriate decision in granting facilities. For this purpose, to select effective variables, from the analysis algorithms of correlation and Lasso components; And to classify the samples, neural networks and support machine were used. In this study, a sample of 660 legal customers of Sepah Bank for the years 2006-2017 was selected and focused on the characteristic variables extracted from the facility contracts of these customers along with financial, non-financial, auditing and economic variables. The results showed that the Lasso algorithm focused on financial, economic and auditing variables, performed better than the neighboring component analysis algorithm, and based on this algorithm, 10 key variables affecting non-current debts were identified. Due to the better performance of support vector machines with radial cores, its use in modeling non-current debts is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - The effects of Total Factor Productivity on Employment in Iranian Manufacturing Industries
shima sangsari mohammadgholi yousefy hamid amadehThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of total productivity factors on employment in Iran's industrial sectors using Autoregressive distributed lag and error correction model over the period 1996-2016. In modeling, industries are categorized into three gro MoreThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of total productivity factors on employment in Iran's industrial sectors using Autoregressive distributed lag and error correction model over the period 1996-2016. In modeling, industries are categorized into three groups of low-technology, Medium Low Technology, and Medium High Technology industries. The results show a significant and negative impact of total factor productivity on employment in Total industries and Medium High Technology industries that means meaning that the increase in total productivity factors in short and long term reduces total employment of Medium High Technology industries. In addition, total factor productivity has a negative effect on employment in low Technology and Medium Low Technology, meaning that increasing productivity in both the short and long run reduces employment in low-tech and medium-low industries. According to the results, increasing the skill and Workforce expertise and new Machinery can lead to increased productivity in the employment of Iranian industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Identification of Contagion Path of currency Crises in Industries of Tehran Stock Exchange
Maryam Bazrayi Saleh Ghavidel Ghodratollah EmamverdiThis study aims to detect path of currency crisis in different listed industries, in order to manage risk of shareholders in stock market. For this purpose, joint Contagion Test, Joint Coskewness Contagion Test and the Ornstein – Uhlenbeck Process are used. The da MoreThis study aims to detect path of currency crisis in different listed industries, in order to manage risk of shareholders in stock market. For this purpose, joint Contagion Test, Joint Coskewness Contagion Test and the Ornstein – Uhlenbeck Process are used. The data used in this study include: stock return of the listed industries and daily exchange rate during 2008 to 2020. The results suggest that currency crises of 2011 and 2018 have transmitted to all export- oriented import- oriented and neutral industries (except mass construction). Moreover, the findings support the fact that starting point of crisis contagion in both currency crises is pharmaceutical industry that attracted currency crises due to its strong correlation with exchange market. The next point of contagion in the first currency crisis is investment industry, and in the second currency crisis, basic metals and oil products. It is suggested that when currency crisis occurred, investors increase weight of basic metals stocks and decrease share of pharmaceutical and computers in their portfolio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Classification the Economic Entropy Index in a Macroeconomic Model
Behrouz Sadeghi Amroabadi mohsen renaniThe aim of this paper is the classification the economic entropy index in a macroeconomic model. Therefore, the descriptive-analytical methodology and econophysics and systems theory were used. The results show that the economic entropy was divided in four sections, sho MoreThe aim of this paper is the classification the economic entropy index in a macroeconomic model. Therefore, the descriptive-analytical methodology and econophysics and systems theory were used. The results show that the economic entropy was divided in four sections, shock entropy, respiration entropy, sleep entropy, and entropy of waste. Increasing the economic entropy index due to the scarcity of environmental resources, predicts the likelihood of an economic catastrophe. This will not only bring about economic growth faces serious problems, but the environment poses a serious problem as a place of residence. According to the results, reducing the instabilities and external stresses to reduce shock entropy, developing the appropriate rules for firms to reduce respiratory entropy, policies based on the reduction of physical and social waste to reduce the entropy of waste and policies for the use of production spaces that are not currently in use to reduce sleep entropy recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - the Influence of the Effective Shocks on Economic Growth in Iran with the Emphasis on Institutional Variables
Samin Sobhi Morteza Sameti Sara Ghobadi Majid SametiEarly economists have cited economic freedom as the basis for economic growth, and later economists have emphasized the role of inclusive political and economic institutions in creating and sustaining economic growth. The relationship between these two perspectives goes MoreEarly economists have cited economic freedom as the basis for economic growth, and later economists have emphasized the role of inclusive political and economic institutions in creating and sustaining economic growth. The relationship between these two perspectives goes to the concept that the economic freedom shapes by economic institutions. Proper institutional of countries not only contributes to the growth and prosperity of their economies, but can also increase the power of countries in the face of economic shocks. Identifying the institutions’ situation of countries can help to adopt appropriate policies by governments and the private sector. In this study, by generalizing a structural model of Iran's economy as it includes the endogenous institutional function, attempt to measure the effects of effective shocks on the macroeconomic structure of the country with emphasis on institutional variables. The results show that the increase in oil shock has had a positive effect on the country's economic growth and institutions. This study had done for the period 1349-1399 by using GMM and Svar methods. The result of estimating the structural model shows that improvement of the institutional environment has affected most of the important variables of the Iran's economy, so improving the quality of institutions leads to increase in national product and reduces liquidity. Also, damaging institutional factors is related with increase in government size and inflation. Most of the impulses considered in the study had a significant effect on economic growth and institutional status of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Explaining the Financial Factors Affecting Turnaround from the insolvency of Companies Listed on the Tehran’s Stock Exchange
kazem harounkolai Seyedali Nabavi chashmi ghodratolah barzegar iman dadashiThe aim of this paper is explaining the financial factors affecting turnaround from the insolvency. For explaining financial affecting turnaround from insolvency 54 variables were selected from relevant studies. The information of 200 cases of distressed companies which MoreThe aim of this paper is explaining the financial factors affecting turnaround from the insolvency. For explaining financial affecting turnaround from insolvency 54 variables were selected from relevant studies. The information of 200 cases of distressed companies which were under recovery from distress was extracted between 2001 and 2017. Appropriate statistical methods for the process of refining variables have been performed through paired mean comparison tests as well as exploratory factor analysis using main components. Then, by filtering the variables using audit analysis and in the form of linear combinations, audit functions were formed. The results showed that the financial ratios of current liabilities to total assets, net profits to sales and sales to current assets have the most power to explain the companies’ turnaround. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Bankruptcy Prediction Modeling Using the Variables of Earnings Management
moslem ghatebi vali khodadadi alireza jorjorzadeh aHMAD KAAB OMEIRThe purpose of this research is to modeling and predicts bankruptcy using real and accrual earnings management variables. Based on this, using logistic regression, the accuracy of bankruptcy models before and after adding Earning management variables were estimated and MoreThe purpose of this research is to modeling and predicts bankruptcy using real and accrual earnings management variables. Based on this, using logistic regression, the accuracy of bankruptcy models before and after adding Earning management variables were estimated and compared. So, a sample consisting of 1287 years - company during the period 2006 to 2018 has been selected from the companies of Tehran Stock Exchange. The results showed that the predictability power of Altman, Springgate and Zimsky bankruptcy models has increased significantly after adding accrual earnings management variables compared to the initial models. The results also show that the parameters of real earning management weaken the predictability of Altman, Springgate and Zimsky models. Based on the results, accountants, managers, and economic planners are advised to pay special attention to the phenomenon of corporate Earning management in order to make their decisions better. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Identifying the Determinants of Corruption: An Application of Instrumental Variable Bayesian Model Averaging
Safoora Kashefi Mohsen Mehrara Ghahraman AbdoliAbstractPrevious studies in the corruption literature have introduced numerous variables as the determinants of corruption. This articles aims to evaluate the robustness of potential determinants of corruption by addressing the model uncertainty and endogeneitry. The re MoreAbstractPrevious studies in the corruption literature have introduced numerous variables as the determinants of corruption. This articles aims to evaluate the robustness of potential determinants of corruption by addressing the model uncertainty and endogeneitry. The results derived from an instrumental variable Bayesian model averaging analysis indicate that based on the data of 123 countries, rule of law, with a posterior inclusion probability (PIP) of 1 and posterior mean of 0.662 has the most important role in keeping corruption under control among 36 explanatory variables. Government effectiveness, with a PIP of 0.964 and posterior mean of 0.358 is another significant variable in curbing corruption. Also, with a PIP of 0.965 and posterior mean of -0.194 the Asia dummy variable tells that corruption is a serious problem in the Asia region. Further, confining the analysis to 95 developing countries reveals that rule of law with a PIP of 0.999 and posterior mean of 0.684 is the most critical variable in the fight against corruption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - The Impact of Bank Facilities in Different Areas of Economy on the Growth of the Added Values in Industry, Services, Agriculture, Building Construction and Housing
Mohsen Fatthi Aghababa Khosrow Azizi Mahmmod MahmmodzadeThis study is aimed of investigating the impact of the offered facilities of the banking system in fields of industry, services, agriculture, construction and housing on the added values of the aforementioned fields which was the steady state approach in the economic gr MoreThis study is aimed of investigating the impact of the offered facilities of the banking system in fields of industry, services, agriculture, construction and housing on the added values of the aforementioned fields which was the steady state approach in the economic growth models, to reach this, systematic generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) and time period information (data) from 1370 to 1396 have been used in Iran’s economic. The results of investigation from estimated equations indicate that non-duty and duty offered facilities has had a positive and significant effect on the added values in economic areas.Among these, the share of offered facilities to services, industry and mines, construction, housing and agriculture have had the greatest effect on the added values respectively. Prioritization of sectors based on economic return to scale and the amount of optimal allocation of bank credit can have favorable effects on the value added of various economic sectors in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - The Test of Trade Balance Effect Symmetry and the Incidence of Effects of Monetary Policy on Output and Inflation
seyyedeh sajedeh pourmohammadi amir mansour tehranchian saeed rasekhi The economy of Iran, since 1385s In addition to significiant decrease in output has experienced the high and two-digit inflation rates. For this reason, review of determinantes of inflation rate and output has a remarkable necessity. The factors like More The economy of Iran, since 1385s In addition to significiant decrease in output has experienced the high and two-digit inflation rates. For this reason, review of determinantes of inflation rate and output has a remarkable necessity. The factors like population growth, Eccessive technological advancement, private investment and initial level of per capita income and money growth are the variables affecting on the growth. Also, the idea of “inflationary money” has the relative consensus among economists, but identifying of the factors that determine the intensity of the effectiveness of the monetary policy on inflation rate and output makes it possible for monetary policymakers to planning for controlling inflation and increasing the output. Trade Openness is one of the factors that has a determinative role in review of difference the effectiveness of money growth on inflation rate and output in different countries. The aim of the present study is the test of Trade balance effect symmetry and the Incidence of the effects of monetary policy on economic growth and inflation. For this purpose, years 2000-2014, related to 34 selected countries with high middle-income and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) have been used. The research showed that more trade openness leads to increase the impact of monetary policy on output and decease the impact of monetary policy on inflation.the more trade liberalization through omitting or decreasing of tarrifs and import quotas are the main suggestions of this study Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Modeling the Substitution Effects of Taxes on the Size of the Shadow Economy (An Empirical Application for the Iranian Economy)
Mahboobeh FarahatiThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of substituting different tax items for each other (or changes in tax mix) on the size of the shadow economy in Iran. To this end, a proposed model is estimated using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) appr MoreThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of substituting different tax items for each other (or changes in tax mix) on the size of the shadow economy in Iran. To this end, a proposed model is estimated using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach for the period 1355-1394. The results show that the substitution of company tax for income tax or commodities tax as well as the substitution of wealth tax for income tax, commodities tax, company tax or import tax reduce the size of the shadow economy. In addition, the substitution of import tax for income tax, corporate tax, or commodities tax leads to a decrease in the size of the shadow economy, while the substitution of commodities tax for income tax has no significant effect on the activities of this sector. The results of this study provide a good basis for adjusting the tax mix to reduce or limit the shadow economy sector in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Threshold Effects of Government Size on Happiness Inequality in Iran
Ebrahim Zare mehrzad ebrahimi Abbas Aminifard Hashem ZareHappiness and happiness inequality are important issues that economists have been studying in recent years. However, studies addressing the inequality of happiness are limited, and more research is needed to shed light on its antecedents and mechanism. Th MoreHappiness and happiness inequality are important issues that economists have been studying in recent years. However, studies addressing the inequality of happiness are limited, and more research is needed to shed light on its antecedents and mechanism. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between government size and happiness inequality in the Iranian economy using a threshold regression model during the period of 1974-2016. The results of the estimation of research models show that the size of the government has a threshold effect on happiness inequality. In other words, before the threshold of 13 percent of the government-to-GDP ratio, the government size has a diminutive effect on the inequality of happiness, but after passing through the threshold and increasing the government's involvement in the economy, this variable has a significant positive effect on the happiness inequality. Thus, the expansion of the size of government in the Iranian economy has exacerbated the happiness gap between the low-income and high-income classes of society. Based on the research results, it is suggested that policymakers pay attention to the threshold relationship between government size and inequality of happiness of society when implementing their policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - The Probability of Default on Payable Facilities of the First Micro Finance Bank in Herat Afghanistan
Mohammad Sadeq Mohammadi Mostafa KarimZadeh Mehdi BehnameThe aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the probability of banking facilities default by customers and to determine the main variables coefficient related to the probability of default. Finally, using logit regression, a model has been provided to MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the probability of banking facilities default by customers and to determine the main variables coefficient related to the probability of default. Finally, using logit regression, a model has been provided to increase the ability of the bank's managers to solve the problem of non-repayment of credit facilities on time. First, 7 variables that had a significant effect on customers' credit risk were identified and fitted to the significance level of 5% of the final model using LR statistics. The results showed that the variables of the borrower's monthly income, the borrower's relationship with the guarantor, the guarantor's guaranteed capital, the borrower's experience and job stability, the loan repayment period and the years of borrower's relationship with the bank, have adverse effect on credit risk and the variable loan amount has a direct effect on credit risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - The Effects of Diversification of Industrial Exports on the Instability of Foreign Exchange Earnings in Iran's Industrial
hooman nasiri masoud nonezhad Ali Haghighat Mehrzad EbrahimiThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the export diversification in the top industrial sub-sectors and its impact on the volatility of foreign exchange earnings in Iran's industrial sector. Accordingly, quarterly data from 2002-2 to 2 MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the export diversification in the top industrial sub-sectors and its impact on the volatility of foreign exchange earnings in Iran's industrial sector. Accordingly, quarterly data from 2002-2 to 2018-3 were collected in the top three industrial sub-sectors of the country and the autoregression method with distributed intervals was used for estimation. The findings indicate the positive effects of inflation and global income on short-term and long-term foreign exchange earnings instability and the effect of concentration index of base metals sub-sector on industrial foreign exchange earnings instability was positive and in non-metallic mineral products and workshop textiles has been negative and significant. Therefore, moving towards diversification in the metals sub-sector and focusing on the non-metallic mineral and textile sub-sectors will reduce the volatility of industrial foreign exchange earnings. Based on the results, it is suggested that the government reduce the instability of industrial foreign exchange earnings by granting facilities, setting export and import customs tariffs in industrial sub-sectors, while directing production in terms of diversification or decentralization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Competitiveness of New Cities (Study Sample: Parand New City)
saeed sabooni mostafa behzadfar Hamidreza saremiCompetitiveness is one of the categories that today in scientific, economic, commercial and political circles has found its special place as an indicator for the evaluation of cities in various fields. Although there is not yet a global consensus on indicators and bench MoreCompetitiveness is one of the categories that today in scientific, economic, commercial and political circles has found its special place as an indicator for the evaluation of cities in various fields. Although there is not yet a global consensus on indicators and benchmarks, some international organizations offer competitive rankings of cities by introducing their indicators. Given that new cities have great potential to create competitiveness, so the study of factors affecting the competitiveness of the new city of Parand can be a step towards identifying these factors. This study aims to identify the most effective competitiveness factors of Parand city with a qualitative-quantitative method and using the Granded Theory approach in the qualitative section and with a causal-comparative method answers the question that what are the competitiveness factors of the city and to what extent are they effective in increasing the competitiveness of this city?. In the qualitative stage, 61 concepts were obtained in open coding, which was reduced to 19 main and pivotal concepts in axial coding. In a quantitative stage, a questionnaire was developed based on it. In analyzing the results, it was found that the most important legal and organizational governance is investment, the coefficient of determination of each of which is 1, followed by policy-making with a value of (0.967) and national political space with The value (0.846) is in the next ranks and the lowest of them is justice with the value (0.383). Other indicators had a coefficient of determination in the medium range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - A Bargaining Game Model for Estimating Efficiency of the Multi-stage Network with Fixed Cost Allocation and its Applications
Kayvan Moradipour Sanaz Asadi Rahmati Elham Abdali In this paper, a bargaining game model is extended to evaluate the efficiency of decision making units with a multi-stage network structure. Moreover, each stage of network data envelopment analysis (DEAN) is considered as a game player. Accordingly, the allocated More In this paper, a bargaining game model is extended to evaluate the efficiency of decision making units with a multi-stage network structure. Moreover, each stage of network data envelopment analysis (DEAN) is considered as a game player. Accordingly, the allocated fixed cost is divided among all the stages such that the best allocation is made to the best stage. With a newer idea, the intermediate stage in the data envelopment analysis of three-stage networks is considered as a common player in the bargaining game, so that the stage plays a significant role in maximizing the performance of network. Next, an alternative approach to allocating a common fixed cost in a multi-stage network based on the bargaining game is proposed. Finally, as direct apllication of the performance of the proposed models some examples are given. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - The Role of Government under Pandemic Disease Conditions
Ali Keshavarzi Hamid Reza Horry seied abdolmajid jalaee sfand abadi Meysam Rafei mahdi nejatiThe purpose of this article is to understand the effect of the outbreak of infectious diseases on the economy and also to analysis the role of government under pandemic crisis conditions. For this purpose, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is used. After ca MoreThe purpose of this article is to understand the effect of the outbreak of infectious diseases on the economy and also to analysis the role of government under pandemic crisis conditions. For this purpose, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is used. After calibrating the parameters based on the quarterly information of Iran's economy during the period of 1991-2016, in the baseline scenario, it is assumed that the government has no involvement in the economy; In other words, the government pursues a state of fiscal passivity and shows no fiscal reaction to the change in endogenous variables after the outbreak of pandemic disease. Subsequently, in other scenarios, the government reacts fiscally to the outbreak of the pandemic, given the different conditions of production and public liability. The results of the study of fiscally active scenarios compared to the state of fiscal passivity indicate that the effect of government expenditures shock as a standard deviation on macroeconomic variables under pandemic disease conditions, has led to much less feedback. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Economic Modeling of Restricting the cryptocurrency market on ransomware attacks
Mehran Garmehi Sarah Rahimi DevinThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of policies restricting access to the cryptocurrency market on the process of countering ransomware attacks. To this purpose, by reflecting on the details of a ransomware attack, we model the economy of these atta MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of policies restricting access to the cryptocurrency market on the process of countering ransomware attacks. To this purpose, by reflecting on the details of a ransomware attack, we model the economy of these attacks and examine the impact of economic variables on the damage caused by them, and through the data obtained from a field study, it has been shown that the relationship between attackers' profits and the damage caused by the attack is non-linear and has local maximums and minimums, and any countermeasures in response to these attacks must be carefully considered in the consequences from an economic point of view.The results show that in a ransomware attack, an attacker may achieve almost the same profit by setting several different amounts of ransom and inflicting several different amounts of total damage. Thus, it is demonstrated that it is important not to adopt policies that may lead the attacker to demand the amounts of ransom that cause further damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - The Effects of Money Market on Gold Market with a Systemic Dynamics Approach
fatemeh khani Ahmad Jafari Samimi amirmansor tehranchian mohammdali ehsaniAbstract The purpose of this paper is to apply the system dynamics approach to forecasting the price of gold in Iran, identify the factors affecting the price of gold and simulate the trend of the impact of monetary policy on the price of gold in the period 1405-2010. MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to apply the system dynamics approach to forecasting the price of gold in Iran, identify the factors affecting the price of gold and simulate the trend of the impact of monetary policy on the price of gold in the period 1405-2010. The simulation is performed with Wenzim software. In different scenarios, the present paper simulates the change in liquidity volume, consumer price index and bank interest rates on the gold market. The results show that the price of gold is not only affected by the global ounce price and the value of the dollar, but also the control of liquidity and curbing inflation will play a significant role in stabilizing the gold market. The results confirm that the volume of liquidity and the consumer price index have a direct impact and a significant role in increasing the price of gold. The findings also show that changes in bank interest rates have no effect on changes in gold prices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Interactions of Transportation, Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Iran
mahsa kalantarzadeh fatemeh zandi Mohammad Khezri Bijan SafaviThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the interrelationships between transportation (rail and air), economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Iran during the period 1362-1397 using time series data and the system of simultaneous equation approach. The findin MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the interrelationships between transportation (rail and air), economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Iran during the period 1362-1397 using time series data and the system of simultaneous equation approach. The findings show a positive correlation between transportation (rail and air) and economic growth, as well as between transportation (rail and air) and carbon dioxide emissions. Another finding of this study is that economic growth has a significant effect on increasing carbon dioxide emissions, but increasing carbon dioxide emissions has no effect on economic growth. Based on the results, the creation and development of infrastructure related to the type of transportation in order to improve the country's economic growth is proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - The Effect of Fiscal Policy on Unemployment and Inflation in Provinces of Iran: A GVAR Approach
Nasrin Ebrahimi Mehdi Pedram Mir Hussein MousaviAbstract Since Iran is a regionally dispersed country, this motivates us to analyze whether or not a national fiscal policy has different effects on its provinces’ unemployment and inflation rates using a GVAR approach during 2005:q1-2016:q1 period. The results in MoreAbstract Since Iran is a regionally dispersed country, this motivates us to analyze whether or not a national fiscal policy has different effects on its provinces’ unemployment and inflation rates using a GVAR approach during 2005:q1-2016:q1 period. The results indicate that one positive standard error as national fiscal shock can significantly reduce unemployment in some provinces. These responses are similar in terms of timing but their amount is different. Also, this positive shock has a negative effect on inflation in some provinces. All responses are approximately similar in terms of timing. In Spite of this similarity, shock responses vary in terms of amount. According to the results in the framework of the models designed in this study, it is proposed that policymakers include the decentralization in the budget planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - The Effect of Changes in the Productivity of Economic Sectors on the Consumption of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy, Thermal Energy, Economic Growth and Development
mohammad oveicy Masoud Homayounifar Sayed Mahdi Mostafavi Ali Akbar Naji MeidaniThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of productivity changes in economic sectors on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, heat energy, economic growth and development using estimation of production functions by Tong and Peng method (2018) in MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of productivity changes in economic sectors on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, heat energy, economic growth and development using estimation of production functions by Tong and Peng method (2018) in the framework of scenario making technique (including three scenarios). The results showed that the nine sectors of the total economy and their productivity in the period 1353 - 1393 is between 3.175 to 4.59 million Rials; Therefore, the starting point of productivity is the lower limit of productivity of the performance range of 3.175. Also, in the sectors of economy, industry and mining, electricity (power plants) and construction, even with a 30% increase in the lower limit, the productivity of the whole economy is not in the operating range (3.175). Based on the results, it is suggested that planners, managers and economic policy makers increase the productivity of the industry and mining, power plant and construction sectors by more than 30% by changing the technology in order to achieve the appropriate amount of economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Relationship between Public and Private Investment in Iran (Analyzing the Crowding-Out or Crowding-In Effects)
Esmaeel SafarzadehThe main objective of this paper is to analyze empirically the effects of public investment on private investment, evaluating the existence of crowding-out/-in effects, in Iran for the 1970-2019 periods. I evaluate the macroeconomic effects of public and private investm MoreThe main objective of this paper is to analyze empirically the effects of public investment on private investment, evaluating the existence of crowding-out/-in effects, in Iran for the 1970-2019 periods. I evaluate the macroeconomic effects of public and private investment through VECM analysis. From impulse response functions, we are able to assess the extent of crowding-in or crowding-out of both components of investment. I also compute the associated macroeconomic rates of return of public and private investment for Iran Economy. The results point to the existence of positive effects of public and private investment on output. On the other hand, results show the crowding-in effects of public investment on private investment. Based on these results, it is suggested that the government provide the conditions for private investment by creating infrastructure, helping to finance investment projects and creating a secure economic environment. I also compute the associated macroeconomic rates of return of public and private investment for Iran Economy. The results point to the existence of positive effects of public and private investment on output. On the other hand, results show the crowding-in effects of public investment on private investment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Estimation of Urban and Rural Poverty and Inequality concerning Hormozgan Province compared with the Country as a Whole
Hosein Heidari esmael aboonoori Ahmad Jafari Samimi younes nademiIn this paper we have estimated the urban and rural poverty and inequality trends for the important Hormozgan province and for the country as a whole concerning the period 1984-2019. Doing so, we have used the micro income-expenditure survey data published annuall MoreIn this paper we have estimated the urban and rural poverty and inequality trends for the important Hormozgan province and for the country as a whole concerning the period 1984-2019. Doing so, we have used the micro income-expenditure survey data published annually by the Statistical Center of Iran and estimated the non-parametric Gini coefficient, poverty line and then poverty gaps. Then, in order to compare the urban and rural poverty as well as inequality levels regarding Hormozgan with that of the country as a whole, we have used 6 simple regression ANOVA models. The results indicate that the urban poverty and inequality levels have been significantly lower than that of in the rural areas. Poverty in Hormozgan urban and rural areas have been significantly more than urban and rural areas of the country as a whole, respectively. However, the Inequality in Hormozgan urban and rural areas have significantly less than those in the country as a whole, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Analysis of Driver-Police Interaction Using Game Theory
faramarz masoumzadeh Kiumars shahbaziIn this study, the strategic interaction between traffic police and the driver is analyzed using game theory in the form of a two-stage dynamic game with incomplete information that the type of players is determined by nature. In the first stage, the police decide wheth MoreIn this study, the strategic interaction between traffic police and the driver is analyzed using game theory in the form of a two-stage dynamic game with incomplete information that the type of players is determined by nature. In the first stage, the police decide whether to fine or not, and in the second stage, the driver decides whether to pay a bribe or not. The driver compares the amount of the fine and the cost of the bribe. It can be concluded that the more lawful the police, the lower the bribe payment. Punishment of bribe recipients and payers can also prevent bribery and help eradicate possible corruption in this important organ of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Modeling Extreme Dependence of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) to Crude Oil Price: An Approach based on Copula Functions
Hamid Abrishami Mohsen Mehara Mojtaba MohammadianThe objective of this study is to model the extreme dependence structure from the crude oil price to Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) index. For this purpose, the conditional extreme value theory (C-EVT) was used to model the marginal distribution of returns on stock and oil MoreThe objective of this study is to model the extreme dependence structure from the crude oil price to Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) index. For this purpose, the conditional extreme value theory (C-EVT) was used to model the marginal distribution of returns on stock and oil market during the period 2008 to 2021. Then, the dependence structure of the extreme return was estimated by Copula models. The results showed that the crude oil market has contagion effects on the TSE. These effects are asymmetric and there is more dependence on the left tail. In other words, as crude oil price falls, decline of the total index is expected and these effects are greater when a positive simultaneous change occurs between variables. Due to the financial risks of the existence of contagion, considering structural extreme dependence can calculate the portfolio risk accurately and reliably. Therefore, it is suggested to pay attention to the structure of extreme dependencies between assets in order to optimize the portfolio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Factors Causing Oil Price Shocks With Emphasis on the Behavior of Large Producers
Jalal Dehnavi Mir Hossein MousaviThe aim of the article is to present a new approach to the analysis of oil price shocks and, of course, a better explanation of oil wars. To achieve the goal, the structural vector autoregression model based on the Kilian (2009) model has been used with the aim of model MoreThe aim of the article is to present a new approach to the analysis of oil price shocks and, of course, a better explanation of oil wars. To achieve the goal, the structural vector autoregression model based on the Kilian (2009) model has been used with the aim of modeling oil market shocks during the period of 1985-2019. The results showed that the recent price war, due to the significant growth of the US oil supply (supply shock) and its simultaneous with the spread of the corona virus (demand shock), has caused a sharp decrease in the price of oil and shortened the price war period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - An Empirical Test of the Financial Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for Iran
Mahboobeh Farahati Leyla SalimiThe Kuznets curve hypothesis of a nonlinear relationship between economic growth and income inequality has been widely tested for different countries. However, the factors influencing such a relationship that determine the position of the Kuznets curve have been neglect MoreThe Kuznets curve hypothesis of a nonlinear relationship between economic growth and income inequality has been widely tested for different countries. However, the factors influencing such a relationship that determine the position of the Kuznets curve have been neglected. One of these factors is financial development, which according to the financial Kuznets curve hypothesis, is inversely associated to the level of economic growth at which income inequality peaks (ie, the turning point of the Kuznets curve). This study empirically tests the financial Kuznets curve hypothesis in the Iranian economy using data for the period 1361-1397. To this end, real GDP per capita and Gini coefficient have been used as indices of economic growth and income inequality, respectively. In addition, several indices of financial development have been aggregated into an overall (combined) index, using the principal component analysis method. The empirical results indicate that in the long-run, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and income inequality, thus confirming the Kuznets curve hypothesis. In addition, the turning point of the Kuznets curve will be at lower level of economic growth when the level of financial development is higher. These findings provide evidence to support the long-run financial Kuznets hypothesis for Iran. Accordingly, it is suggested that economic planners and policymakers, in parallel with growth policies, improve the level of financial development, aimed at a more equitable distribution of income. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Improving the Efficiency of Household Electricity Consumption and Its Return Effect in Iran In Terms Of Asymmetry in Electricity Prices
azar alidadi pour musa khoshkalam khosroshahiThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the size of the direct return effect related to electricity consumption in the domestic sector of Iran in terms of asymmetry in electricity prices using the conventional least squares method. For this purpose, and considering the MoreThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the size of the direct return effect related to electricity consumption in the domestic sector of Iran in terms of asymmetry in electricity prices using the conventional least squares method. For this purpose, and considering the separation of electricity prices based on the Dargi and Gitley (1995) study, annual data for the period 1397-1347 and estimating the elasticity of electricity demand have been used. The results showed that first, improving the efficiency of household electricity consumption has a return effect and second, the return effect in the household sector is equal to 43%; That is, with a 10% increase in home appliance technology, 4.3% of the expected reserve due to the improvement of electricity consumption efficiency did not occur and this amount appeared in the form of a return effect and only 5.7% of the expected reserve in electricity consumption was realized. Based on the findings, it is suggested that economic policymakers, by accurately estimating the return effect, while achieving the goal of saving electricity consumption, also avoid wasting resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Industrial endogenous development in Iran and selected countries
Mirabdollah Hosseini Lotfali AgheliThis paper attempts to conceptualize and examine regional endogenous development model for World’s regions and Iran. The work presented here contributes to the design of Manufacturing Industries endogenous development model (MIEDM) which is tested in the World by MoreThis paper attempts to conceptualize and examine regional endogenous development model for World’s regions and Iran. The work presented here contributes to the design of Manufacturing Industries endogenous development model (MIEDM) which is tested in the World by assessing the domestic forces and drivers of development based in World Selected Countries. The paper introduces a conceptual model for the study and then develops and tests the model with data for the primary Countries of the World. Large and positive correlation is found between measures of latent and explanatory independent and dependent variables in the regional endogenous model. Specifically it is found that such endogenous factors as Institution, human Capital, Entrepreneurship, Leadership, Innovation and Resource Endowment are critical driving force for achieving increased regional productivity and thus tailoring of polices to support regional endogenous development. Based on the results, it is suggested that planners and policy makers consider the capacity and ability of industries to adapt positively to the situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - The Role of Boom and Recession in Energy Consumption of Sectors with Emphasis on Electricity and Non-Electricity
shahryar zaroki Akram Moghadasi SedehiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of boom and recession with energy prices on energy consumption (electricity, non-electricity and total) in Iran with an asymmetric method. For this purpose, for asymmetric analysis in the research model in three for MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of boom and recession with energy prices on energy consumption (electricity, non-electricity and total) in Iran with an asymmetric method. For this purpose, for asymmetric analysis in the research model in three formats (based on total energy consumption, non-electricity and electricity) and five levels (total economy and household, commercial, public and industrial sectors) of asymmetric explanations, an nonlinesr autoregressive distributed lag approach has been used. Long-term results indicate that economic boom in every 15 estimates has a direct impact on energy consumption and in terms of size, in most cases, the elasticity of energy consumption relative to economic boom is greater than one. However, the recession is associated with a significant (and of course direct) effect in only 4 out of 15 estimates, and its impact is less than the economic boom. In the first format, at the level of the whole economy and at the level of the commercial, public and industrial sectors, production has an asymmetric effect, and at the household level, production has a symmetrical effect on total energy consumption. In the second format, at the level of the whole economy and at the level of the household, commercial and public sectors, production has an asymmetric effect and at the industry level, production has a symmetrical effect on non-electricity energy consumption. In the third format, at all five levels, production has an asymmetric effect on electricity consumption. The real energy price, although in ... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - An analysis of the automatic stabilization of direct and indirect taxes in Iran
mohammad taghi gilak hakim abadi Ali MehreganIn this paper the effect of direct and indirect taxes on the fluctuations of Iran's economic cycles has been studied. To estimate the models of this research, Vector Auto Regression method by quarterly data from q1-1372 to q3-1397. The results of this study are that, un MoreIn this paper the effect of direct and indirect taxes on the fluctuations of Iran's economic cycles has been studied. To estimate the models of this research, Vector Auto Regression method by quarterly data from q1-1372 to q3-1397. The results of this study are that, unlike empirical, direct taxes have not had a significant effect on reducing fluctuations in economic cycles. Also, the effect of indirect taxes on economic cycles is faster than direct taxes. Based on the results, it is suggested to use more of the country's tax capacity to better perform the government's stabilizing task in the economy, especially the reform of tax bases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - The Analysis of Political Institutions’ Effect on the Economic Institutions in Resource-rich Countries
Reza Bakhshiani Masud Nili S. Mahdi BarakchianThe weak economic performance of resource-rich countries results in the economic studies’ great concentration on the role of institutions in resource curse literature and employment of theoretical or empirical approaches to determine the cause of this phenomenon. MoreThe weak economic performance of resource-rich countries results in the economic studies’ great concentration on the role of institutions in resource curse literature and employment of theoretical or empirical approaches to determine the cause of this phenomenon. In this paper, we argue that the two independent variables of political institutions and natural resources influence the economic institutions which are endogenous variables; by applying a descriptive-analytical approach and making distinction between function of “economic institutions” and “political institutions”. Political institutions form the political power structure to specify the elites’ scope of power in the establishment of favorable economic institutions, which aim at distributing the resources among the affiliated groups. We also use the empirical approach to show that natural resources do not have any significant effect on the quality of economic institutions by controlling the effect of political institutions. In contrast, the better quality of political institutions results in the better quality of economic institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Government Debt and Corporate Capital Structure: Testing of the Financial Crowding Out Effect Hypothesis
somaye sadeghiThis paper examines the relationship between government debt and corporate capital structures (financing choices) for firms listed in Tehran stock market, during 1390-98. The results show that the there is a negative and significant relationship between government debt MoreThis paper examines the relationship between government debt and corporate capital structures (financing choices) for firms listed in Tehran stock market, during 1390-98. The results show that the there is a negative and significant relationship between government debt and corporate capital structure (financial leverage), although the estimated coefficient is relatively small. In other words, we can conclude that the financial crowding out effect is confirmed in Iranian companies. Also, the results show that corporate with larger size and more profitable are more likely to react to changes in government debt. In other words, if corporates have larger size and more profitability, then the financial crowding out effect is greater. Hence, the key conclusion is corporate managers should prioritize revenue diversification and profitability strategies in the reaction to government debt policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Spillover Effects of Trade and Exchange Rates Shocks from Iran`s Major Trading Partners: GVAR approach
Aziz Saki Seyed Aziz Arman hasan farazmandThis article deals with how trade and exchange rates shocks of major trading partners affect the Iranian economy. For this purpose, quarterly data of 10 major Iranian trading countries, including Brazil, China, Germany, India, Italy, Korea, Turkey, Russia, UAE and Switz MoreThis article deals with how trade and exchange rates shocks of major trading partners affect the Iranian economy. For this purpose, quarterly data of 10 major Iranian trading countries, including Brazil, China, Germany, India, Italy, Korea, Turkey, Russia, UAE and Switzerland during the period 1996 to 2019 has been used. Econometric parameters has been estimated by Global Vector Autoregressive approach.The modeling results show that the increase in the real exchange rate in Brazil, in some cases, increases the real exchange rate in Iran. Rising real exchange rate in China first reduces and then increases the real exchange rate in Iran. In addition, Increasing China's trade increases the level of Iran's trade. According to the results, when Iran's imports from a country are higher, it is more affected by exchange rate shocks in that country, which can be seen in response to real exchange rate shocks in China. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Role of Financial Development in Monetary Policy Effectiveness in determinate of Input and inflation
Seyedeh Maryam Monfared Teymoor Mohammadi mohammad khezri Oranoos ParivarThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of financial development on efficiency of monetary policy in Iran during 1979-2020. The ratio of banks' domestic credit to GDP was considered as an indicator of financial development based on banking sector and rati MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of financial development on efficiency of monetary policy in Iran during 1979-2020. The ratio of banks' domestic credit to GDP was considered as an indicator of financial development based on banking sector and ratio of the value of stock market transactions to GDP was considered as an indicator of financial development based on the capital market. In this regard, 4 models were introduced to achieve research objectives and were estimated using the Kalman-Filter approach. The results of estimating the first two models of the research showed that with improvement of financial development indicators, the efficiency of monetary policy in influencing economic growth will decrease. The results of estimating the third and fourth models of the study also showed that effect of financial development indicators on efficiency of monetary policy in impact on inflation has been negative and statistically significant, meaning that with improvement of financial development indicators in country, monetary policies will lead to lower inflation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Modeling DB-PAYG, Full Funded and Defined Contributions Pension Systems in Iran's Economy
Hamid Rezazadeh mostafa sargolzaei Moslem Peymany Foroushany Hossein Tavakolian Meysam AmiriThe present study simulates and compares three types of pension systems, DB-PAYG, Full Funded and Defined Contributions, and their impact on Iran’s macroeconomic variables. For this purpose, the General Equilibrium model of Overlapping Generations is designed base MoreThe present study simulates and compares three types of pension systems, DB-PAYG, Full Funded and Defined Contributions, and their impact on Iran’s macroeconomic variables. For this purpose, the General Equilibrium model of Overlapping Generations is designed based on the variables of the Iran economy. The results showed that the Full Funded pension system performs better than other systems in terms of capital stock, output and welfare. Also, among these three systems, the DB-PAYG system has the lowest amount of capital stock, output and welfare. Therefore, changing the current pension system of the country to a Full Funded pension system has been proposed as a reformed fiscal policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - The effect of bank credit composition on income distribution in developing countries
Ali Nasiri Aghdam mitra babapour The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of different types of bank loans on income inequality in the economies of 24 selected developing countries using the econometric method of panel data during the period 2000-2019. The results showed that credit More The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of different types of bank loans on income inequality in the economies of 24 selected developing countries using the econometric method of panel data during the period 2000-2019. The results showed that credits to the non-financial sector as well as consumption reduce inequality and credits to the financial and housing sectors increase inequality. Lending to the non-financial sector has also been declining, and lending to the consumer, financial and mortgage sectors has been on the rise. The findings also showed that the employment rate and housing prices, respectively, affect the effect of loans granted to the non-financial and housing sectors on income inequality. It is recommended to allocate a significant portion of the credit to non-financial activates and to avoid lending for speculative housing activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - The effect of oil shocks on economic resilience in Iran
najme alsadat robati Ali RaeispourRajabali Abdol Majid jalaeeIn the field of the new Keynesian school, this paper has been specified and estimated by the method of stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model in the small open export economy, in accordance with the structure of Iran's economy. Using the simulation results of the MoreIn the field of the new Keynesian school, this paper has been specified and estimated by the method of stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model in the small open export economy, in accordance with the structure of Iran's economy. Using the simulation results of the main model, while using the estimated parameters, the effects of oil shocks in recent years on selected macroeconomic variables have been evaluated. Determining the degree to which oil revenues affect economic indicators can, in addition to determining the degree of economic resilience, help policymakers determine future plans. The phenomenon of fluctuations in foreign exchange earnings from oil exports, due to the dependence of the structure of Iran's economy on oil revenues, affects all macroeconomic variables - both in the public and private sectors. Accordingly, it is proposed to reform the tax system and reduce dependence on oil revenues, diversify the government's revenue portfolio, commit to a balanced budget and prevent disproportionate growth of the monetary base, strengthen the role of the foreign exchange reserve fund and monetary discipline for the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Identifying Propellant Regions and Activities in Generating Potential VAT Capacity
afsaneh sherkat aliasghar banouei esfandiar jahangard ali nasiri aghdamThe main purpose of the article is to Identify of regions and activities that create greater potential value added tax for themselves and others. For this purpose, the column coefficient approach is used to calculate the input-output table of 9 regions including 24 acti MoreThe main purpose of the article is to Identify of regions and activities that create greater potential value added tax for themselves and others. For this purpose, the column coefficient approach is used to calculate the input-output table of 9 regions including 24 activities for 2011. Findings indicate that although at the macro level, smaller regions create more potential value added tax capacity than larger ones, at the economic activity level, there is no direct relation between the share of value added of an activity and the potential VAT capacity of that activity. Based on the results, it is suggested that policy makers and regional planners pay special attention to the structure of the economy and the nature of the activities of that region. Also, the focus of regional development policies should be shifted to smaller areas that are more in line with space-based theories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - The effects of information and communication technology on long-term productivity growth: Evidence from Iran's manufacturing industries
mahmoud rezaee seraji Mahmoud Mahmoudzadeh parvaneh salatin mehdi fathabadiThe purpose of this paper is to measure the average share of information and communication technology in long-term productivity growth and as well as the increasing intensity of ICT index in Iran's manufacturing industries at the level of double-digit codes (ISIC). For MoreThe purpose of this paper is to measure the average share of information and communication technology in long-term productivity growth and as well as the increasing intensity of ICT index in Iran's manufacturing industries at the level of double-digit codes (ISIC). For this purpose, the expanded growth accounting model in the period2005-2018was exploited. The research findings revealed that : The effects of ICT has a significant positive effect on the average long-term productivity growth in Iran's manufacturing industries. ICT's share of long-term productivity growth in The most intensive contribution of ICT has been recognized for coke and related products, electrical equipment and chemicals and related products. This effect has shown more than any other manufacturing industries in Iran and this amount has also improved over time. The lowest share of ICT in productivity growth in the long run is related to furniture, clothing and machinery and not classified equipments. The results also showed that the average value of increasing ICT intensity index is insignificant meaning the more and with increasing intensity of ICT use, the more intense effect on productivity growth increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Modeling and Designing Controller of Factors Affecting Profit in Strategic Financial Planning Using Adaptive Neural Control Method
zahra sadeghi mohammad areza motadel abbas toloieMaking more profit in organizations requires them to have accurate tools to strengthen the business for proper financial planning. So far, no comprehensive model for the financial planning of organizations with minimum deviation from predefined goals has been presented. MoreMaking more profit in organizations requires them to have accurate tools to strengthen the business for proper financial planning. So far, no comprehensive model for the financial planning of organizations with minimum deviation from predefined goals has been presented. The purpose of this study is to provide such a model to achieve more accurate management decisions. In this research, an intelligent adaptive control model has been developed using the Elman neural network adaptation algorithm in the system identification process. This model has been developed using data extracted from the official website of the Iranian Stock Exchange and Securities Organization. Some of the most important indicators of profit (as a measure of the company's financial performance) and also optimal profit amount as input and the allowable intervals of its changes to achieve the desired profit as output of the model have been determined and examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Information and communication technology and environmental quality (Evidence from the countries of the Economic Co-operation and Development Organization)
Maryam Taiiari mahmood mahmoodzadeh Mir Hossein MousaviThe purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of information and communication technology on the quality of the environment (publication pollutant gases, carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases) and ecological footprint (from three aspects of the effect individual, MoreThe purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of information and communication technology on the quality of the environment (publication pollutant gases, carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases) and ecological footprint (from three aspects of the effect individual, country reserves trend and land type) in member countries of the Economic Co-operation and development Organization is using the panel data method in the time period of 1992-2018.The results showed Expanding the use of ICT in the mentioned countries has a positive effect on improving the quality of the environment And It has reduced the emission of carbon dioxide, greenhouse gases and ecological footprint.Furthermore, the consequences of ICT on the quality of the environment in the long term have been more than in the short term. Therefore, the findings showed that the substitution effect of ICT (substitution of online activities) compared to Income effect (increased leisure time from the substitution effect and increased travel demand) in the case study has been dominant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Agent-based Simulation of Entry and Exit of Production Firms in Supplier-Dominated Industries
Zahra Asadollahi Sohi Hossein RaghfarThis article explores how different factors influence the number and dynamics of firms in supplier-dominated industries. These industries are typically traditional, small, and depend on external suppliers for innovation. The article uses a hybrid simulation of system dy MoreThis article explores how different factors influence the number and dynamics of firms in supplier-dominated industries. These industries are typically traditional, small, and depend on external suppliers for innovation. The article uses a hybrid simulation of system dynamics and agent-based modeling to capture the realistic assumptions that firms do not have complete market information and make decisions based on simple heuristics and past and current conditions. The article conducts experiments to examine how initial conditions, machine life, economic parameters, producer optimism, production growth rate, and demand elasticity affect the entry and exit patterns and the number of firms in the industry. The article uses variables such as the time to reach the peak number of firms, the number of firms at the peak, and the number of firms at the end of the simulation period to represent the shape of the industry distribution. The experiments show that the initial number of firms, demand elasticity, machine life, and financial resources have the most significant effects on the distribution shape, while other factors such as economic growth also have some nonlinear effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - The Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Social Security Resources in Iran
Soheila Sobhani Mohammad Hassan Fotros Golamali Haji Esmael TorkamaniThe impact of the development of information and communication technology on the labor market and social security has been the focus of international labor and social security organizations. This study examines the impact of ICT on Social Security Resources in the conte MoreThe impact of the development of information and communication technology on the labor market and social security has been the focus of international labor and social security organizations. This study examines the impact of ICT on Social Security Resources in the context of Iran’s economy during the period 1999 to 2019, using the Stochastic Dynamic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model, focused on duality of labor market (formal and informal). The results of the study show that the development of information and communication technology affects social security resources by changing the structure of employment. A survey on the variables response to the positive impulse of ICT shows that the further increase in job opportunities in the informal sector provides more access to jobs in this sector and increasing in the participation rate, the number of informal workers increases. The finding show increasing in informal employment causes an increase in the lost resources of social security. Based on the results, it is suggested that policymakers and insurance funds develop flexible programs in order to expand insurance coverage and support informal workers with the participation of employers and the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - The Role of Economic and Environmental Policies on Preventing Air Pollution
Marziyeh Sadat Vahabzadeh Moghadam Karim Eami Farzaneh Haju HassaniThe purpose of the article is to investigate the role of economic and environmental policies on preventing air pollution using the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model during the period of 1990-2019. Based on the results of the model, the economic policy MoreThe purpose of the article is to investigate the role of economic and environmental policies on preventing air pollution using the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model during the period of 1990-2019. Based on the results of the model, the economic policy shock causes a sudden increase in economic growth and consumption and then their decrease; However, the economic policy shock increases air pollution. The shock of environmental policies, firstly, increases consumption and economic growth and then decreases them. Investment also decreases as a result of the shock of environmental policies. Based on the results of variance analysis, the role of economic policies for the country's economic situation and creating air pollution is greater than environmental policies. The role of environmental policies in reducing air pollution is less than the role of economic policies in increasing air pollution. It is suggested that when the government increases its expenditures, it imposes green taxes or carbon emission taxes at a lower rate than the increase in government expenditures so that the economic growth of the country will continue to be maintained along with the reduction of environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Comparison the Calibration of Call Option Pricing Models Based on Stochastic Volatility and Generalized Integral Transformation Technique
Forough Lotfi Reza Aghajan Nashtaei Mehdi Meshki MiavaghiThe purpose of this research is to compare the calibration of options pricing models based on Stochastic Volatility and the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique. For this purpose, the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique based on fixed Volatility and H MoreThe purpose of this research is to compare the calibration of options pricing models based on Stochastic Volatility and the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique. For this purpose, the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique based on fixed Volatility and Heston model based on Stochastic Volatility were used for pricing call options. In order to implement the proposed models, This research has used the call option data offered in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The results showed that in the state of In-the-Money and At-the-Money, the Heston-based calibration works better than the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique in all maturity scenarios. In the case of Out-of-the-Money, although the calibration of the Heston model performs poorly in the short-term scenario, but as the time to maturity increases, the calibration of the Heston model has responded better than the Integral Transformation Technique in the mid-term and long-term scenario. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to develop the educational infrastructure and culturalization of options, the Department of New Financial Instruments of Tehran Stock Exchange Company can consider the model presented in this manuscript to calculate the key parameters of option contracts in different scenarios, And in this way, a more accurate valuation of option contracts can be obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - The Impact of Current Budget Instability and Debt Accumulation on Iran's Economic Growth
mohadeseh moghadasi alireza Pourfaraj Ahmad Jafari Samimi mohammad Ali falahi This study investigate the Impact of Current Budget Instability and Debt Accumulation on Iran's economic growth using seasonal data during the period 1369:1 to 1397:4 (based on the latest seasonal data published in 1401). Structural Vector Auto More This study investigate the Impact of Current Budget Instability and Debt Accumulation on Iran's economic growth using seasonal data during the period 1369:1 to 1397:4 (based on the latest seasonal data published in 1401). Structural Vector Auto Regressive (SVAR) model has been used for this purpose. The results of the impulse response functions show that the instability of the current budget has led to the instability of other research variables along with increasing debt accumulation and decreasing economic growth. According to the results, the debt accumulation variable has a positive effect in the short term and a negative effect in the long term on private sector investment, as well as a significant negative effect on economic growth. The more the current size of the government is reformed, optimized and balanced, the current budget deficit and its financing will be reduced, the design of a favorable policy in this field will be able to eliminate many of the negative effects of the government sector on the national economy. Based on the results, it is suggested that sustainable incomes should be increased in order to improve the operating balance by maintaining tax justice, and the government's current spending policies should be adjusted by maintaining real purchasing power in a way that does not create negative welfare effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Evaluating the distance to default of banks: banks admitted to the stock exchange
Ghader Mohamad pour aghdam teymor mohammadi mehdid adibpourThe purpose of this research is to calculate the distance to default of 14 banks admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange and active in the banking industry of the Islamic Republic of Iran, based on the option pricing method of Merton, Black-Scholes, using the calculation MoreThe purpose of this research is to calculate the distance to default of 14 banks admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange and active in the banking industry of the Islamic Republic of Iran, based on the option pricing method of Merton, Black-Scholes, using the calculation of the market value of the banks' assets and their risk in the period The time is 1392-1400. For this purpose, the average market value of assets, liabilities and asset risk of banks and the distance to their default are calculated and compared.The index of distance to default of each of these banks in this period depends on the market value of assets, risk of assets, risk-free interest rate and debt. These variables depend on economic and non-economic and managerial factors. Bank Ansar, with the lowest average market value of assets, has the shortest distance to its default. On the other hand, Bank Mellat, which has the highest average market value of assets, has the longest distance to default. As a result, the most bank assets will have a longer distance to default. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Explanation of Financial Variables Effective in Predicting Turnaround: An Artificial Intelligence Approach
Kazem Harounkolai Ghodratolah BarzegarThe main aim of the research was to identify the financial variables that are effective in predicting turnaround of the listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange and to predict turnaround by using artificial intelligence method. For this purpose, the information of MoreThe main aim of the research was to identify the financial variables that are effective in predicting turnaround of the listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange and to predict turnaround by using artificial intelligence method. For this purpose, the information of 173 Distress Companies that came out of distress and turnaround was extracted during 1383 to 1399. Artificial Intelligence approach was used to analyze the data. In this approach, by using Lars and Relief Feature Selection Algorithms, 10 out of 54 financial variables which were effective in turnaround of companies were identified and then, the Learning Algorithm of Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree were used to evaluate the accuracy of the results of the identified variables in predicting turnaround. The results showed that Lars Feature Selection Method and Vector Machine Algorithm Support have better performance in predicting the time to exit from distress as compared to the Relief Feature Selection Method and Decision Tree Algorithm. Also, regardless of feature selection methods, support vector learning machine has a higher predictive power as compared to decision tree. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - The Effect of financial and trade liberalization on stock market volatility in Selected Developing Countries: dynamic data panel approach
sirvan aghaie Mohammad Sokhanvar tahereh akhoondzadeh Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of financial and trade liberalization on stock market fluctuations in 25 selected developing countries between 2001-2019 using a multivariate mushroom model to calculate fluctuations and gener More Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of financial and trade liberalization on stock market fluctuations in 25 selected developing countries between 2001-2019 using a multivariate mushroom model to calculate fluctuations and generalized torque method. Based on the findings of the multivariate mushroom approach, there is a positive and significant relationship between financial and trade liberalization and the stock market fluctuations in this group of countries. Investigating the effect of financial and trade liberalization on stock market volatility using the generalized dynamic torque panel regression model shows a positive relationship between financial and trade liberalization and inflation with stock market volatility and also shows an inverse relationship between per capita income and financial liberalization and trade with it. Based on the results, it is suggested that economic policymakers, when implementing financial and trade liberalization policies, should take it into account that this liberalization is both an opportunity and a threat to domestic capital markets. Accordingly, imposition of financial and trade liberalization measures are recommended simultaneously and in a regulatory context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - The effect of industrial concentration and capital goods import on the energy consumption intensity in Iran’s industries
Sima Hajebi Fard Reza RoshanThe purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of industrial concentration and import of capital goods on the intensity of energy consumption in Iranian industries. Industrial concentration index has been calculated using Herfindahl-Hirschman method and relative MoreThe purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of industrial concentration and import of capital goods on the intensity of energy consumption in Iranian industries. Industrial concentration index has been calculated using Herfindahl-Hirschman method and relative entropy. In this research, the panel data method and the fixed effects model were used to estimate the coefficients of the models. The research findings indicate that between 2002 and 2018, industrial concentration and import of capital goods have a positive and statistically significant effect on the intensity of energy consumption. So that, one percent increase in the share of the industry in the market, increases the intensity of energy consumption between 0,089 to 0.203 percent. Also, the price of energy carriers has a negative effect on the intensity of energy consumption. Considering the inverse relationship between the price of energy carriers and energy intensity and the low elasticity of the price, it is necessary that incrementally raise the energy prices for industries logically causing environmental pollution to decrease their energy intensity. It is suggested that capital goods enter industries that have low energy consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Identifying and Determining Factors Affecting the Resilience of the Iranian Banking System
Azadeh Afshari Sara Ghobadi Hosein Sharifi RenaniAccording to the emphasis of the Ball Committee, the survival rate of any economy is proportional to the resilience rate of its banks, and, when economic crises occur, the resilience of banks is too important. Then the purpose of this research is to investigate the indi MoreAccording to the emphasis of the Ball Committee, the survival rate of any economy is proportional to the resilience rate of its banks, and, when economic crises occur, the resilience of banks is too important. Then the purpose of this research is to investigate the indicators of the development of the banking sector that can affect the resilience of the Iranian banking system. Therefore, with the help of previous research, some factors were identified and the data were collected for 30 banks and credit institutions during the years 2000 to 2020 in the form of unbalanced panels. After that, the level of resilience was calculated with the help of the Volare index, and the type of relationships was evaluated with the help of the dynamic data panel method. The results showed that among the 18 indicators investigated as factors affecting the resilience of the Iranian banking system, only 9 factors are nonlinearly related to resilience. Resilience variables of the previous period, banking efficiency, the ratio of Interest-Free Income to total income, and the ratio of low-cost resources to total resources, have a direct relationship with resilience, and the indicators of bank size, shareholders' equity to debt, the ratio of loans to free resources, the ratio of the cost of doubtful loans to total expenses and the level of risk tolerance, had an indirect relationship. Also, private or public banks had no significant relationship with resilience. In conclusion, the resilience process of Iranian banks from 2000 to 2020 was drawn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - The impact of economic sanctions on foreign direct investment in Iran: A fuzzy approach
Mostafa Elmimoghaddam Mostafa Shokri Yaqub MahmoudianForeign direct investment stands as a crucial economic variable, influenced by various factors that contribute to its attraction. Empirical studies reveal that both visible and invisible elements play a role in shaping FDI in any given country, often eluding straightfor MoreForeign direct investment stands as a crucial economic variable, influenced by various factors that contribute to its attraction. Empirical studies reveal that both visible and invisible elements play a role in shaping FDI in any given country, often eluding straightforward inclusion in economic models. This research, recognizing the significance of this subject, delves into the impact of economic sanctions on the attraction of foreign direct investment in Iran over 44 years, employing a fuzzy approach. The findings underscore the substantial and moderate economic sanctions, characterized by high and robust fuzzy coefficients, exerting a notable negative effect on the allure of foreign direct investment in Iran. Additionally, the study reveals that variables such as the budget deficit, inflation rate, mild economic sanctions, adverse exchange rates, alongside factors like gross domestic product, economic openness, domestic interest rates, foreign direct investment with interruptions, governance quality index, and the effective tax rate on company profits, have exhibited a positive influence on the attraction of foreign direct investment in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Dynamics between Macroeconomic Variables and the Core Inflation Gap with the MIDAS-VAR Approach
Amir Mansour Tehranchian MirHosssein Mousavi Zahramila Elmi Zahra KashanianThe wide scope of influence and effectiveness has turned inflation into one of the most important subjects of empirical studies as well as one of the main axes of policy making. In addition to the causes and effects of inflation, some economists have paid attention to t MoreThe wide scope of influence and effectiveness has turned inflation into one of the most important subjects of empirical studies as well as one of the main axes of policy making. In addition to the causes and effects of inflation, some economists have paid attention to the inflation index. Based on this, current inflation is not considered a suitable indicator for policy making and modeling due to high fluctuations. On the other hand, core inflation as a stable component of current inflation is a more suitable indicator for economic policies due to its stability. In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of macroeconomic variables and inflation core gap using SVAR method, n Iran's economy in the period of1998-2021. The momentum of oil price fluctuations and liquidity do not have a significant impact on the core inflation gap. The core inflation gap is most influenced by currency impulses and its own fluctuations, which shows the impact of inflation expectations on the formation of core inflation; According to the findings of the research, it is suggested to control exchange rate fluctuations and target core inflation in order to control inflationary expectations.The results show that the core inflation index has been more stable compared to the inflation rate and exchange rate fluctuations have the greatest impact on the core inflation gap. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Asymmetric Effects of Stock Market shocks on Foreign Exchange Market in Iran: Application of DDC and APARCH Models
Mansoreh Zeraati Masoud Soufi Majidpour Mamood Mahmoodzadeh Mhdi FathabadiAbstractIn this paper, the asymmetric effects of stock market shocks on the exchange rate in Iran were evaluated using the daily data from 20/03/2016 to 21/06/2023 using cointegration and APARCH methods. The evidence shows that both shocks (positive/negative) are repeat MoreAbstractIn this paper, the asymmetric effects of stock market shocks on the exchange rate in Iran were evaluated using the daily data from 20/03/2016 to 21/06/2023 using cointegration and APARCH methods. The evidence shows that both shocks (positive/negative) are repeatedly found in the Iranian stock market. Out of 2642 days, 1601 days of the market had negative returns and 1041 days had positive returns. In 511 days the market has fluctuated more than one standard deviation (big shocks). Estimates show that there is a strong long-term relationship between these two markets. The findings showed that the reaction of exchange rate to the positive and negative shocks of the stock market is asymmetric and has a long-term effect on the exchange rate. The behavior of the exchange rate towards negative and positive impulses is cyclical. The big negative shocks in the stock market gradually increase the return of exchange rate and eventually this effect does not disappear and puts the exchange rate at a higher level. But the effect of the big positive shocks in the stock market on the exchange rate is dampening. Negative shocks have a greater impact on conditional volatility compared to positive momentum. Also, the fluctuation of the stock market shows a very stable pattern. Keywords: shocks, stock market, exchange rate, asymmetric, APARCH.JEL Classification: G19, N25, F31, C58 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - The non-linear effect of liquidity and debt repayment on banks profitability in Iraq
Kiumars Shahbazi Mohammad Ali Mahdi AbedThis paper seeks to explore the nonlinear association between liquidity indicators and debt repayment capacity in relation to asset returns. For this purpose, the Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) method was employed to examine the nonlinear impact of liquidity MoreThis paper seeks to explore the nonlinear association between liquidity indicators and debt repayment capacity in relation to asset returns. For this purpose, the Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) method was employed to examine the nonlinear impact of liquidity indicators (including the ratios of current assets to total deposits, total loans granted to total deposits, and total loans granted to total assets and debt payment capacity indicators (such as the debt ratio and interest coverage ratio) on asset returns from 2011 to 2020. The findings revealed a nonlinear effect of all calculated indicators on asset returns. The magnitude and manner of the independent variables' influence on asset returns varied at different levels, with noticeable distinctions in the effect before and after the threshold value of 1.0586. In light of these results, bank policymakers can strategically select an optimal liquidity level to enhance bank profitability based on asset returns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Examining the Profile of Consumption and Income of Iranian Households During Life Cycles
Farzaneh Anvari Sajjad Barkhordari Mohsen MehraraThis study, using the dynamic planning approach and using the statistics and information obtained from the cost and income of Iranian households in the theoretical framework of the life cycle theory of Modigliani and Brumberg (1954), examines the consumption and income MoreThis study, using the dynamic planning approach and using the statistics and information obtained from the cost and income of Iranian households in the theoretical framework of the life cycle theory of Modigliani and Brumberg (1954), examines the consumption and income profile of the life cycles of Iranian households in the form of two versions. "Certainty Equivalent " and " Buffer stock " (which is equivalent to consumption under uncertainty) from Friedman's theory of permanent income and separate different educational groups and occupations. The results of this study show that in all of these profiles, consumption and income profiles follow entirely each other before the age of 45; In this way, it can be claimed that the CEQ theory is valid until the age of 45 and can explain the consumption and income profile of Iranian households well. The changes in the consumption behavior of Iranian households after the age of 45 show the change in preferences and the uncertainty of future incomes, so the profile of consumption and income after the age of 45 can only be explained with models that also consider uncertainty . Other results of this study show that Iranian households save up to the age of 45 with a "precautionary" motive; After the age of 45, the precautionary motivation to save is weakened, and with the change of preferences and the type of uncertainty, the motivation to "finance retirement expenses" is strengthened, and after the age of 65, they save with the motivation of inheritance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Welfare costs of inflation using frictional unemployment in Iran:General Equilibrium Model approach
Hossein Nasrollahi Karim Emami kambiz Peykarjou Abbas Memarnejad Taghi TorabiThe objective of this paper is to examine the welfare cost of inflation in the context of Iran's economy, incorporating labor market frictions (search theory) within a monetary general equilibrium model. The model also features a cash-in-advance constraint. To achieve t MoreThe objective of this paper is to examine the welfare cost of inflation in the context of Iran's economy, incorporating labor market frictions (search theory) within a monetary general equilibrium model. The model also features a cash-in-advance constraint. To achieve this goal, through the utilization of calibration and sensitivity analysis in the steady state, the findings indicate that both employment and production are contingent on the elasticity of labor supply and the elasticity of vacancies in job matches. Depending on these two parameters, they may exhibit an increase in response to an escalation in the inflation rate. Additionally, the three-month optimal inflation rate in a stable state is determined to be 4.66%. The welfare gains, derived from reducing the three-month inflation rate from its current level of 5.3% to the optimal rate in a steady state, is calculated to be 0.0031% of total consumption. Therefore, based on the results, it is suggested that in inflation reduction policies, the effects of this reduction on welfare are taken into consideration, and special attention should be paid to the area of business investment by giving tax incentives, especially tax credits.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - The effect of exchange rate volatility on outward migration: A Synthetic Control Group approach
Tamina Asghari Saeed Eisazadeh Ali Akbar GholizadehThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of exchange rate jump on the outflow of migration using the Synthetic Control Group approach during the period of 1980-2015 in Iran. For this purpose, based on this approach, the countries with real exchange rate MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of exchange rate jump on the outflow of migration using the Synthetic Control Group approach during the period of 1980-2015 in Iran. For this purpose, based on this approach, the countries with real exchange rate stability were selected and among them, the weighted composition of the countries that had the most similarity in the situation before the real exchange rate jump of Iran was estimated. Therefore, two groups were formed, including the group of selected countries named artificial Iran and the other, real Iran. Finally, the results of the estimates of these two groups were compared and analyzed. The results indicate a 15% difference in the immigration process of artificial Iran and real Iran. The analysis of the results showed that the impact of the jump in the real exchange rate on the migration flow in Iran was positive. Based on the results, it is suggested that policymakers pay attention to the destructive effect of real exchange rate jumps on the flow of migration from the country and adopt appropriate economic policies to stabilize the real exchange rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Evaluating the Effect of Absolute and Relative Poverty on Happiness Inequality in Iran
younes nademi Seyed Parviz Jalili KamjooAbstract This research, based on Bentham's philosophy of pleasure and suffering, has assumed the pleasure as happiness and suffering as poverty and it is following the evaluation of the suffering caused by poverty on pleasure of happiness equality. Absolute and relative MoreAbstract This research, based on Bentham's philosophy of pleasure and suffering, has assumed the pleasure as happiness and suffering as poverty and it is following the evaluation of the suffering caused by poverty on pleasure of happiness equality. Absolute and relative poverty can lead to happiness inequality as moving the line of poverty to the higher deciles of income will lead to more happiness gap in the deciles. In this way, this research, by using Markov Switching method, has evaluated the effect of absolute poverty on happiness inequality during the period 1985-2012 and also has evaluated the effect of relative poverty on happiness inequality during the period 1979-2012 in Iran’s economy. The results from estimated research models showed that absolute and relative poverty have a significant positive impact on happiness inequality in Iran’s society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Identification of Monetary Policy Items Influencing the Banking System
sorayya rafiee ghareshiran Karim Emami Farhad GhaffariThe purpose of this paper is to identify the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system as one of the most important sectors of macroeconomics. Therefore, the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system using the Dynamic Randomized Equilib MoreThe purpose of this paper is to identify the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system as one of the most important sectors of macroeconomics. Therefore, the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system using the Dynamic Randomized Equilibrium Model (DSGE) and the emergence of long-run macroeconomic ratios in the 1370s and 1380s And others' studies.The results showed that with a positive shock to the interest rate, due to lower demand for loans, the lending rate and, as a result, banks' profits decrease, and due to positive oil shocks, liquidity increases, lending rates and investment increases, and the household's willingness Reduces savings, resulting in lower bank profitability. Based on the results, while considering the importance of the role of financial factors in the transfer mechanism and the intensity of monetary policy effects by policy makers, it is suggested to adopt measures to adjust the effects of economic shocks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - To Analyze Entry Barrier and Price in the Industry of Custom-Purpose Applications
Kiumars Shahbazi jalil badpeymaAbstract The aim of this article is reducing the custom applied softwares cost. For this purpose, this research models the cost of related softwares by means of static bayesian game and assuming the computer companies awareness toward future demand. The results show if MoreAbstract The aim of this article is reducing the custom applied softwares cost. For this purpose, this research models the cost of related softwares by means of static bayesian game and assuming the computer companies awareness toward future demand. The results show if an applicant firm, for custom-purpose software, demand its application in two or more stages, price competition of computer companies to attain future profits cause price reduction in bidding stage and its increase after bidding stages. With increase in demand stages, not only the maximum entry forestalling price, but also entry barriers being increase. Based on results, the buyer firms are suggested to complete their software requirement before purchasing and announce the producers from future demands such that the price of the software reduces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Analysis of Nonlinear Behavior of the Central Bank's Monetary Policy in Uncertainty Conditions: Smooth Transition Regression Model (STR(
mohsen nosratian nasab Ahmad Jafari Samimi Amir Mansour TehranchianThe purpose of this study is to analyze the nonlinear behavior of monetary policy at the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran in uncertainty condition. To achieve this goal, the nonlinear behavior of the central bank's reaction function to the inflation uncertai MoreThe purpose of this study is to analyze the nonlinear behavior of monetary policy at the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran in uncertainty condition. To achieve this goal, the nonlinear behavior of the central bank's reaction function to the inflation uncertainty in the form of smooth Transition Regression model (STR) is estimated using seasonal data during the 1997:1-2015:3 periods. The results of this study indicate that the variable behavior and regime change in monetary policy of the central bank of Iran in the various conditions of inflation. By passing the uncertainty of inflation from a threshold level, the behavior of monetary policy has been changed so that the coefficients of the model are consistent with the Taylor rule. Based on the results of the present study, it is suggested to consider the economic uncertainty index in order to determine the optimal monetary policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - SPECIFYING the EARLY WARNING MODEL for INFLATION by USING MARKOV SWITCHING APPROACH
Mohsen Mehrara seyed Mohamad Hosein FatemiAbstract This research is an application of the dependent models to the regime in order to determining major determinants of inflation in Iran on the base of seasonal data from 1990:3 to 2016:3, Accordingly, the two inflation regimes, high inflation regime (with an ave MoreAbstract This research is an application of the dependent models to the regime in order to determining major determinants of inflation in Iran on the base of seasonal data from 1990:3 to 2016:3, Accordingly, the two inflation regimes, high inflation regime (with an average annual rate of 28%) and low inflation regime (with an average annual rate of 12%), are identified and causes of regime transition have been surveyed. The results show the significant impact of liquidity growth and the output gap on inflation in both regimes. On the other hand, inflationary impact of liquidity growth in low inflation regime estimated less than the high inflation regime. The results of the Markov model indicate that liquidity growth and money market disequilibrium are the factors of transmission from low inflation to high inflation regime but these variables do not contain any significant implications for the transition from high inflation to low inflation regime. So according to the results, it can be concluded that the use of monetary expansionary policies in a low inflation regime can be more effective on the production than high inflation regime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Governance, National Innovation System and the Capacity for Attraction, Coherence and Technological Innovation (Theoretical Modeling)
Ali Dini Hojat Allah Hosieni Tahere Miremadi Ghasem Ramazanpoor NargesiThe main aim of this paper is to modleized a logical theoretical framework for the relations among governance, national innovation system and absorptive capacity, and technological catching-up. With this aim and using the analytical and deductive method or content based MoreThe main aim of this paper is to modleized a logical theoretical framework for the relations among governance, national innovation system and absorptive capacity, and technological catching-up. With this aim and using the analytical and deductive method or content based resoning method, relations among these factores are identified and with separating non- price factores from price variables, the model is conceptualized. The results show that 1. all of variables and factors are indigenous except the shock price policy; 2.There is an increasing circle between absorptive capacity and technological cathing-up (cumulative casualty); 3. In absence of this circle Neoclassical price polices fail in improving the technological learning and cathing-up process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Economic Welfare Analysis with an Emphasis on Aspects of Globalization
Ahmad Jafari Samimi Shahryar Zaroki Seyede Rogheieh Sadati AmiriAbstract The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of economic, social and political aspects of globalization on economic welfare in 50 selected countries from three income groups in the time between 2005 and 2015. For this purpose, economic welfare was MoreAbstract The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of economic, social and political aspects of globalization on economic welfare in 50 selected countries from three income groups in the time between 2005 and 2015. For this purpose, economic welfare was been calculated using the Index of Economic Well-Being (IEWB). The results in four frame with panel data method indicated that in high-income countries, economic and social aspect of globalization had significant positive effect on economic welfare while political globalization had no statistically significant effect. While, in the middle-income countries only economic aspect of globalization has significant positive effect on economic welfare. In low-income countries also, economic welfare is affect inversely from economic and political globalization and political globalization has not significant effect on welfare. In general, one can say that non-political aspects of globalization were been affected on economic welfare in the selected countries. Income per capita had a significant positive effect on economic welfare, but inflation had no significant effect on economic welfare. Based on the results an increase in the economic relations is recommend in high and middle-income countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - The Impact of Economic Sanctions on the Amount of Dependence between Oil and Financial Market (Extremal Dependence Approach)
Tahereh Nowrouzifar shahram fattahi Kiomars sohailiAbstract This study tries to examine the contagion between oil and financial markets using a new method of co-volatility. In this survey, identification and measurement of contagion between financial markets, and contagion between oil and financial markets in Iran have MoreAbstract This study tries to examine the contagion between oil and financial markets using a new method of co-volatility. In this survey, identification and measurement of contagion between financial markets, and contagion between oil and financial markets in Iran have been investigated. The daily data for the period 2009-2015 is used which has been extracted from the Central Bank and the OPEC websites. Oil sanction has caused in a reduction in correlation between stock and oil markets fluctuations in short and long-term periods and between gold and oil markets in long-term period. In addition, oil sanction has caused to an increase in correlation among the fluctuations of oil and exchange, gold and exchange, gold and stock, exchange and stock markets during the two periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Experimental Survey of the Effect of Moral Intelligence on Free Riding: A dynamic Game with Complete Information Approach
Omolbanin Jalali zahra nasrollahi majid hatefiThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of moral intelligence on free riding. To this end, a two-stage team game with three individuals was designed by providing an experimental environment and a sample of 186 people from the target community (students MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of moral intelligence on free riding. To this end, a two-stage team game with three individuals was designed by providing an experimental environment and a sample of 186 people from the target community (students from Yazd and Ayatollah Haeri Meybod). The results showed that moral intelligence has a significant effect on free riding. In fact, increasing moral intelligence reduces free riding. Based on the results, it is suggested that the level of moral intelligence should be considered in attracting workforce in public and private jobs; in addition, it is intended to promote the moral intelligence of employee in order to increase participation in the work and, consequently, productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - The Structure of Production and Income Distribution in Iran
Esmaeil Abounoori mahboobeh farahatiAbstract The main goal of this research is to estimate the effect of production structure on income distribution in Iran. So, the researchers have used Gini coefficient, value added of five sectors concerning Agriculture, Industry and Mining, Building, Service, and Oil MoreAbstract The main goal of this research is to estimate the effect of production structure on income distribution in Iran. So, the researchers have used Gini coefficient, value added of five sectors concerning Agriculture, Industry and Mining, Building, Service, and Oil sectors shares of GDP during 1978-2012. The results indicate that the transition from Agriculture to Industry and Mining, Services and/or Oil increases the income inequality, while the transition from Oil to each of the other sectors reduces income inequality. Transferring the value added share of Industry and Mining to Oil or Services increases inequality. The transition from Services to Industry and Mining has equality effects on income distribution. Transferring the value added shares from Building sector to each of the Industry and Mining and Agriculture has no significant effects on inequality. Concerning the results, value added share transferring from Industry and Mining, Services and/or Oil to Agriculture reduces the inequality consistent with Kuznets Hypothesis representing that the inequality in Agriculture sector is less than other sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Evaluation of Nominal Wage Rigidities' Sensitivity in Dynamic Stochasic General Equilibrium by Considering the Stock Price Bubbles
Kiomars sohaili shahram fatahi narges rahmanianiThe main goal of this study is to introduce a general stochastic dynamic equilibrium model with sensitivity analysis for the wage rigidity in Iran's economy using the seasonal data from 1995-2014. The results showed, capital market dynamics influence the real sector of MoreThe main goal of this study is to introduce a general stochastic dynamic equilibrium model with sensitivity analysis for the wage rigidity in Iran's economy using the seasonal data from 1995-2014. The results showed, capital market dynamics influence the real sector of Iranian economy. The monetary policy shock has a significant impact on macroeconomic variables and stock prices. The volatilities in stock prices helps to explain the Iranian business cycles. In the case of bubble in asset prices, credit constraint in firms was decreased and their opportunity cost decreases and causes a downward pressure on the marginal costs and finally inflation decreases. By assuming wage rigidity, possibility of wage adjustment with regard to monetary shock decreases and the reaction of labour and labour supply is been more strict. And changes in production is slower than when the wage perfect flexibility exist. Based on the results, using of the model with wage rigidity in order to better simulate the real world is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Determining an Optimal Tax on Housing Capital Compared with Non-housing Capital: Case Study of Iran
R. Shahnazi sh. Nasirabadi Abstract In oil exporting countries, the formation of Dutch disease is one of the major problems in economy. Dutch disease causes the outcome of non-tradable sectors (land and housing) to be increased compared with the tradable sector (industry and agriculture) More Abstract In oil exporting countries, the formation of Dutch disease is one of the major problems in economy. Dutch disease causes the outcome of non-tradable sectors (land and housing) to be increased compared with the tradable sector (industry and agriculture) and economic capitals transferred to less productive sectors. When facing with this problem, the solution is to reduce the profit of non- tradable sectors by the help of tax. In this paper, by using neoclassical growth model, determining an optimal tax on housing capital compared with non-housing capital will be studied. According to the results, optimal tax on capital depends on elasticity of substitution between consumption non-housing, housing and leisure times. Since Dutch disease causes the elasticity of substitution between housing capital and leisure time to be decreased, housing capital optimal tax should be more than the tax on non-housing capital. Based on the results obtained by simulating the model in Iran, the tax on businesses and labor will be decreased by the tax on housing profits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Inflation Persistency in Iran with the Heterogeneous Approach of Economic Agents in Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Models
Mansour Khalili Araghi yazdan gudarzi farahaniThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the inflation persistency regarding the heterogeneous behavior of economic agents. For this, the data were used from 1991-2015 based on seasonal data and Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models. The innovation of this pa MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the inflation persistency regarding the heterogeneous behavior of economic agents. For this, the data were used from 1991-2015 based on seasonal data and Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models. The innovation of this paper is Calvo pricing assumption regarding the lag in inflation rate and indexing parameter in which inflation persistency conditions computing will be more relevant to Iran’s economy. The results showed that inflation expectations have a major role in inflation rate formation so that even if the inflation rate declines it will occur in a longer time due to inflation persistency. It, was cleared the prices have less reaction ability in relation to inflation persistency. It is suggested to the monetary authorities by considering the domestic inflation targeting rule in addition to inflation control, they stabilize the domestic production in the natural level in which it is required the monetary authorities to have credibility in views of economic agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Money Growth Uncertainty and Currency Substitution in IRAN: A Multivariate GARCH Approach
Sima Eskandari Sabzi Asad Allah Farzinvash Kambiz Hojabr Kiani Hamid ShahrestaniThe aim of this paper is surveying the effects of money growth uncertainty on currency substitution. For this, bivariate GARCH model and VAR-BEKK method was used on the base of data for 1979 to 2014. The results show that money growth uncertainty affects currency substi MoreThe aim of this paper is surveying the effects of money growth uncertainty on currency substitution. For this, bivariate GARCH model and VAR-BEKK method was used on the base of data for 1979 to 2014. The results show that money growth uncertainty affects currency substitution positively. Also, currency substitution, affected by its own past shock and the currency growth. On the other hand, there have been spillover of fluctuations from the currency growth to currency substitution and vice versa. Due to the existence of currency growth effective relationship on the currency substitution in Iran, it is necessary for controlling currency growth and preventing from currency irregular growth by policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - The Analysis of Social Welfare and Welfare Convergence in The Iran,s Provinces for Evalution of Iran,s Regional Development
Elham Vafaei Parviz mohammadzadeh hosein Asgharpour Firooz FallahiAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate social welfare and the convergence of social welfare of Iran,s provinces. For the purpose we use Nahar and Inder convergence during 2000-2013. The results indicate that Kermanshah, Kohkiloyeh and Boyerahmad and Mazan MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate social welfare and the convergence of social welfare of Iran,s provinces. For the purpose we use Nahar and Inder convergence during 2000-2013. The results indicate that Kermanshah, Kohkiloyeh and Boyerahmad and Mazandaran areconvergence towards the average of welfare of the provinces and Also, West Azarbaijan, East Azarbaijan, Ardabil, Bushehr, Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan, Semnan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Qom, Golestan, Lorestan and Hormozgan diverge from the average of welfare. Also, most of the Iran,s provinces have a lower welfare than the community average. Therefore, policymakers performance in this field are not suitable for balanced development of regions welfare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Parametric Investigation of Lerner Index in the Bank Deposits and Loan Market Using the Translog Cost Function
mahdi moradi Farhad Khodadad Kashi Jahangir Biabani Hadi GhafariThe aim of this paper is to investigate the monopolistic power of Iran’s banking industry by parametric approach. For this purpose, the Lerner index was calculated in the bank deposits and loan markets using the Translog stochastic frontier cost function and using MoreThe aim of this paper is to investigate the monopolistic power of Iran’s banking industry by parametric approach. For this purpose, the Lerner index was calculated in the bank deposits and loan markets using the Translog stochastic frontier cost function and using banking data including balance sheet and profit and loss statement of 33 banks during 2001-2014. The results showed that monopolistic power of banking industry in the loan market has decreased over time and competitive conditions somewhat have been improved, so that the Lerner index for loan market in 1380 has been decreased from 0.77 to 0.54 in 1393. However, the gap between price and marginal cost is rather high level. Also, the Lerner index of deposit market has been fluctuated between 0.5 and 0.33. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Calculation of Backward and Forward linkages of Mineral of Iran's Mines (Application of Input-Output Approach)
mirhosein mousavi farid dehghani azadeh roshanravanAbstract The purpose of this study is to rank the minerals of mines in operation in Iran by examining the backward and forward linkages between sections. For this purpose, the input-output table updated in2011 by the Islamic Parliament Research Center of The Islamic Re MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to rank the minerals of mines in operation in Iran by examining the backward and forward linkages between sections. For this purpose, the input-output table updated in2011 by the Islamic Parliament Research Center of The Islamic Republic Of Iran has been used. By calculating the multiplier coefficient of production, using Leontief's demand-side method, all mining sections had a multiplier coefficient of production more than one. Also, by calculating the backward linkage using a supply-side model of Gosh, the multiplier coefficient of supply in all mineral sectors is high. By examining the power index through Rasmussen's demand-side method, coal and lignite, coal and stone, sand and gravel sectors with a power index greater than one, after the agricultural sector, the building And the industry, because of the greater link that they make with other sectors in terms of purchasing intermediary inputs, had more employment than the total average of activity. In this respect, other parts of the mine had no place among the first parts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - The Impact of Islamic Banking and Non-banking Financial Institutions on Economic Growth in Iran – A Generalized Method of Moments (GMM)
saeed farahanifard majid feshari yavar khanzadehAbstract The banks and non-banking financial institutions have facilitated trading and commercial activities and increased the markets, and economic growth and prosperity by organizing and directing the payments. In this study, firstly, the researchers have explained t MoreAbstract The banks and non-banking financial institutions have facilitated trading and commercial activities and increased the markets, and economic growth and prosperity by organizing and directing the payments. In this study, firstly, the researchers have explained the channels by which banking and non-banking financial institutions affect economic growth, and secondly, paid attention to the ways of affecting the explanatory variables on economic growth in Iran. At the end, by using the traditional model of King and Levine Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), the effects of non-banking financial institutions supervised by Central Bank of IRI and Commercial and specialized banks are studied during 1999:Q1 - 2013:Q4. The empirical results of this study have indicated that all explanatory variables used have significantly positive effect on economic growth. Also, the experimental results have shown that banking financial institutions have a greater and significant effect on economic growth compared to non-banking financial institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Sectoral tariffs and geographic distribution of agricultural downstream industries:Evidence of Iran’provinces
mansour ardeshiri Reza Moghaddasi Saeed Yazdani amir mohamadinejadIn this paper, within the framework of the theory of "new economic geography”(NEG), we evaluated the effect of sectoral tariffs on the geographic distribution of agricultural downstream industries in the provinces of Iran.Midelfart-Knarviket et al.(200 MoreIn this paper, within the framework of the theory of "new economic geography”(NEG), we evaluated the effect of sectoral tariffs on the geographic distribution of agricultural downstream industries in the provinces of Iran.Midelfart-Knarviket et al.(2000) approach was usedto test the research hypothesis.In this approach, the perspective of industrial activity location is determined by the multifactor interactions between regional and industrial characteristics.Accordingly, the econometric model by fixed effects method has been estimated using the industrial and regional data of 33 agricultural downstream industries 4-digit code of ISIC classification during the period of 2004-2014 in 28 provinces of Iran.The results show that sectoral tariffs have a significant effect on the industrial location pattern in agricultral downstream industries of Iran; This means that the implementation of supportive policies has led to an increase in the agglomeration in some provinces and the formation of a core-periphery pattern in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - Effect of Inflation on Solvency of Insurance Companies in Iran
Hossein Raghfar esmael safarzadeh Maryam QafourboroujerdiThe target of this article is to investigate the effect of inflation on the solvency of insurance companies in Iran. In this regard, panel data regression models was used to specify the model study from 1391 to 1394. The results show that inflation, current ratio and eq MoreThe target of this article is to investigate the effect of inflation on the solvency of insurance companies in Iran. In this regard, panel data regression models was used to specify the model study from 1391 to 1394. The results show that inflation, current ratio and equity ratio have positive and significant effect on solvency, while loss coefficient and reserves ratio have negative effect on solvency. According to the results, it is suggested that insurance companies change their activities from leveraged companies to capital based ones; consider reserves in another part of balance sheet except for the liabilities part; describe a range as the optimal range of current ratio and define some groups of premium related to the average damages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Education Demand and the Share of Educational in Income Inequality
Ali Falahati Shahram Fatahi Younes Goli Somayeh Goli Abstract This paper, by using household micro-level data over 2010-2014 and utilizing the generalized Logit model and Oaxaca-blinder and Machado-Mata decomposition, investigates the factor affecting educational demands and determining the share of education in More Abstract This paper, by using household micro-level data over 2010-2014 and utilizing the generalized Logit model and Oaxaca-blinder and Machado-Mata decomposition, investigates the factor affecting educational demands and determining the share of education in income inequality. The results show that increase the parents’ years of educational and decrease in number of children lead to increase the educational demand. The results of decomposition models, also, indicate the share of education in income inequality at the bottom deciles of income is 0.6 and at the top deciles is 2.5 percent. Averagely, the share of education in income inequality in 2010 was equal to 1.46 and in 2014 to 3.26 percent. To increase the efficiency of education in the country, the policies such as creation increase the relationship between university and industry, quality of education and increase investment in sectors whit higher forward and backward linkage is advised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Investigating Unemployment Invariability Hypothesis in Iran's Provinces
Hasan DaliriThis paper pursues the relation of economic participation effects on unemployment rate in Iran՚ provinces and unemployment invariability hypothesis test. For this, the data 2005-Q2- 2015-Q4 and single-equation different methods, equation system and panel dat MoreThis paper pursues the relation of economic participation effects on unemployment rate in Iran՚ provinces and unemployment invariability hypothesis test. For this, the data 2005-Q2- 2015-Q4 and single-equation different methods, equation system and panel data was used. The results show that in most provinces and also, in the country’ average, the mentioned hypothesis is confirmed due to short run shocks in economic participation; so, in order to decreasing long run unemployment rate, it needs to some changes in macroeconomic policy making and in labor demand too. It should be noted that labor supply changes have only short run effects in unemployment control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Game Theory Approach to Modeling and Analyzing Inheritance Allocation of a Passed-away Couple
majid sheikhmohammadi mostafa abbasiThe main aim of this study is to model and analyze the challenge of inheritance allocation remained by a passed-away couple based on the inheritors strategies and objectives by using Game Theory approach. So, by the help of Graph model to analyze the challenges between MoreThe main aim of this study is to model and analyze the challenge of inheritance allocation remained by a passed-away couple based on the inheritors strategies and objectives by using Game Theory approach. So, by the help of Graph model to analyze the challenges between the inheritors of a passed-away couple based on the laws and regulations in Islamic Republic o Iran. This model contains two kinds of players selected through 64 abstract constructions of the strategies by applying some limitations and analyzed 8 possible cases and finally, 2 cases predicted as more likely. The results represent that this competition has two equilibriums. That is, if the players stand in thie situations, they have no desire to exit. By the coalition of the players, the results will be more appropriate to get more. The findings of the modeling is completely consistent with real results of the challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - The Effect of Social Capital on Participation of Individuals in Teamwork: Experimental Approach Based on Sequential and Simultaneous Games
Omolbanin Jalali Zahra Nasrollahi Majid HatefiRecently, organizations have tended to focus on team activities, and cognitive factors such as social capital can affect the performance of individuals in this framework. In this regard, the present study examined the effect of social capital on individual decisions wit MoreRecently, organizations have tended to focus on team activities, and cognitive factors such as social capital can affect the performance of individuals in this framework. In this regard, the present study examined the effect of social capital on individual decisions within the framework of teamwork. In order to achieve this goal, we came to the experimental environment and performed an examination of the effects by performing sequential and simultaneous games that were complete, static and dynamic, and perfect and imperfect. 182 students were selected from the population of students from universities of Yazd, and 2184 observations were collected. The results of the study showed that the increase in social capital of a team's players leads to increased team production, team revenue and team profits. The results also showed that people with high level of social capital are not affected by rewards, while reward changes lead to a change in the behavior of individuals with a moderate or lower social capital level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - The Impacts of Tariff Cuts on the Iranian Labor Market: Case Study of Agricultural, Food, Apparel and Textile Sectors
mohammad mehdi barghi oskooeeAbstract In this paper, the effect of trade openness on the level of employment and the rate of wages has been evaluated by using a computable general equilibrium model. The results represent that through the cuts of general imports tariff, the percentage changes of to MoreAbstract In this paper, the effect of trade openness on the level of employment and the rate of wages has been evaluated by using a computable general equilibrium model. The results represent that through the cuts of general imports tariff, the percentage changes of total employment level as well as the employment level of unskilled labor will be increased. Likewise, by decreasing the percentage of skilled labor wages to follow more tariff cuts, wages inequality is improved. Also, it is clear that more tariff cuts on food, apparel and textile commodities will decrease the percentage changes of total level employment and unskilled labors. Since, the percentage changes of skilled labor wages will be increased in comparison with unskilled labors by increasing tariff cuts. Thus, it can be concluded that wider trade openness in the food, apparel and textile commodities leads to the increase of wages inequality. However, under the effect of the tariff cuts in agricultural commodities, the percentage changes of total employment as well as the employment of unskilled labors will be increased and by the decline of percentage changes of skilled labor wages, there is a decrease in the inequality of wages between skilled and unskilled labors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - The Welfare Computation under Different Fiscal Policies in an Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policy Model Framework
hosein marzban zahra dehghan parviz rostamzadeh hamidreza izadiThe aim of this paper is computing the welfare under different fiscal policies by using of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model in an optimal monetary and fiscal policy framework for the Iran's economy. In order to investigating the effects of using tax MoreThe aim of this paper is computing the welfare under different fiscal policies by using of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model in an optimal monetary and fiscal policy framework for the Iran's economy. In order to investigating the effects of using tax instruments some different scenarios were provided. First scenario, the case with all taxes available, Second scenario, the case without consumption taxes, third scenario, the case of income and consumption taxes. The results indicate that the number of fiscal policy instruments available to the planner, plays an important role in the welfare changes in the optimal monetary and fiscal policy model. The minimum welfare loss occurs in last scenario and the maximum of welfare loss is related to second scenario. The proposal is that planner deal with determining polices in an optimum fiscal and monetary policy model, regarding available fiscal policy instruments and effects from economic shocks on welfare changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - The Effect of Prices Changes on Income and Welfare Distribution in Urban Areas
teymoor mohammadi Abbas Shakeri Mahnoosh Abdollah milani Ali ShahabiAbstract The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of price changes on the distribution of income and social welfare in Iranian urban areas during 1991-2011. To get the end, a linear expenditure system is estimated by the use of budget data in urban households t MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of price changes on the distribution of income and social welfare in Iranian urban areas during 1991-2011. To get the end, a linear expenditure system is estimated by the use of budget data in urban households to obtain the Engel coefficients for 12 good groups estimating seemingly unrelated regressions. Equivalent Income Index is calculated for 10 cost deciles based on what Atkinson’s inequality measure and social welfare index is calculated. The results represent that income inequality of urban households has been increased during the periods of high inflation, while social welfare has experienced a decreased growth. Meanwhile, it is clear that a remarkable part of social welfare changes is aroused by the changes of household's private welfare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Time-varying Effects of Inflation Determinants: State-space Models
m. khezri B. Sahabi K. Yavari H. HeidariAbstract Based on the importance of inflation in Iran economy, paying careful attention to inflation determinants is essential. According to the results of various studies, the evaluation of inflaion determinants by using standard VAR model leads to wrong conclusions d MoreAbstract Based on the importance of inflation in Iran economy, paying careful attention to inflation determinants is essential. According to the results of various studies, the evaluation of inflaion determinants by using standard VAR model leads to wrong conclusions due to omitted variables bias in VAR model. The problem of price puzzle in the empirical literature is an example. In this study, for a more accurate assessment of the determinants of inflation in Iran economy and forecasting the inflation, TVP-VAR models are used to model the inflation instead of VAR model with constant coefficients. So that the variables of GDP, growth of monetary basis, inflation, exchange rates,banks interest rates and inflation uncertainty are modeled. The results represent changeable relationships between variables over time and the impact of economic conditions on the effects of variables on each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Inflation Behavior of Tradable and Non-Tradable Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Approach
javid bahrami Behnoosh sadat Aghayan esfandiar jahangardAbstract The purpose of this paper is to study the factors affecting Tradable and Non-tradable inflation. Accordingly, Dynamic stochastic General Equilibrium model was used during the period 1991 to 2016. The results of the Impulse Response Functions (IRF) indicate tha MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to study the factors affecting Tradable and Non-tradable inflation. Accordingly, Dynamic stochastic General Equilibrium model was used during the period 1991 to 2016. The results of the Impulse Response Functions (IRF) indicate that non-tradable inflation is more responsive as a result of shocks. Monetary shock has had the greatest impact on non-tradable inflation, while Exchange rate and monetary shock have the greatest impact on tradable inflation in terms of initial effect and durability respectively. Based on the results, policy makers' attention to the components of inflation is suggested when economic decisions are made. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - The Macroeconomic Effects of Structural Reforms in Iran's Retirement System
hoda jafari Abbas Najafizadeh Esmaieel Safarzade Gholam Ali HajiAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the distributive and welfare effects of the transition from the current payment system to a partially funding system in Iran. For this purpose a six period OLG Models have been designed and simulated. The simulation MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the distributive and welfare effects of the transition from the current payment system to a partially funding system in Iran. For this purpose a six period OLG Models have been designed and simulated. The simulation results of the specified model show that, the consumption of all generations has increased and the saving of individuals and, consequently, capital accumulation in the economy is decline due to these reforms; the result of these changes is the decline in total production of economy. Based on these results and the widespread recession in the country's economy, it is suggested that policymakers do not resort to structural reforms and transition to funded system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Examine The Asymmetric Effects of oil Price shocks on Iran’s Economic Growth and Interest Rate: Nonlinear VAR Model
saeed samadi ali sarkhosh-sara Omid Amini DarrevazanAbstract The aim of this paper Major part of GDP of Iran driven by oil revenues. As the oil price fluctuations vary the oil incomes, assess the effect of this variation on economic growth is a matter of importance. In this regard, this survey investigate the asymmetric MoreAbstract The aim of this paper Major part of GDP of Iran driven by oil revenues. As the oil price fluctuations vary the oil incomes, assess the effect of this variation on economic growth is a matter of importance. In this regard, this survey investigate the asymmetric effects of oil price shocks on Iran's economic growth and interest rate using seasonal data from 1999:4 to 2015: 3 using self-equilibrium pattern of nonlinear transient nonlinear transmission (LSTVAR) series, including high and low oscillation regimes. Oil price fluctuations are selected as a transition variable, and using the generalized instantaneous reaction function, the asymmetric effects of oil price shocks on economic growth and interest rate have been examined. The results indicate that oil price shocks in both high and low volatility regimes have different and asymmetric effects on economic growth and interest rate. The shock of oil prices in the high-fluctuation regime at the start will reduce economic growth to a greater extent than the increase in economic growth in a regime with low volatility. According to the results, it is suggested that saving excess oil revenues in oil price increases should be considered so that this surplus can be used to reduce the adverse effects of oil price fluctuations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - The Effects of Development Iran’s Economy Sectors on Income increase in Urban and Rural Groups
mohamad Kiani deh kiani seyed habib allah mousavi Sadegh khalilianThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of development Iran’s economy sectors on increasing the income of low, middle and high income urban and rural groups. To achieve this goal, the effects of development eight main sectors of Iran’ economy MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of development Iran’s economy sectors on increasing the income of low, middle and high income urban and rural groups. To achieve this goal, the effects of development eight main sectors of Iran’ economy on income increase of urban and rural groups were studied by using social accounting matrix (2011) and structural analysis method. The results show that the effects of agricultural development and expansion on earnings income increment per unit increase in the final demand of this sector for all urban and rural income groups are higher than other sectors and the crude oil and natural gas sector has the least effect. Also, urban group income increase is higher than rural. Based on this, it is suggested that the agricultural sector be considered seriously in the process of development and decision-making programs for investment in the economic sectors as well as the need to pay attention to income groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - Pricing Model of National Gas Exports via Pipeline on the Base of Game Theory
Ali Akbar Naji Meidani Gholam Ali RahimiOne of the most important issues in the field of natural gas export via pipeline is the lack of pricing strategy, and providing an optimum pricing mechanism has always been one of the biggest challenges for gas export contracts. In this paper a pricing mechanism based o MoreOne of the most important issues in the field of natural gas export via pipeline is the lack of pricing strategy, and providing an optimum pricing mechanism has always been one of the biggest challenges for gas export contracts. In this paper a pricing mechanism based on Game theory provided. The pricing mechanism has been developed based on cooperation among producing countries, consumers and gas transmitters that in the case of gas-exporting countries' commitment to it, the interests of these countries will be supplied. So, taking into account the realities of the market and according to the conditions of transmitter country, different scenarios have been compiled and according to it, the modeling is accomplished. The results of the different models in determining price, quantity and optimum tariff for two cooperative and non-cooperative games is that the interest of member countries in cooperative game is far greater than non-cooperative game. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - TFP Growth, Technological Progress, Efficiency Changes: Empirical Evidence from Iranian Manufacturing Industries
saeed isazadeh masoud soufimajidpourThe purpose of this paper is decomposition of total factor productivity (TFP) to technological progress, technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, scale effects in Iran’s manufacturing industries. For this, a stochastic Frontier production model was estimated f MoreThe purpose of this paper is decomposition of total factor productivity (TFP) to technological progress, technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, scale effects in Iran’s manufacturing industries. For this, a stochastic Frontier production model was estimated for 135 manufacturing industries over the period 1379-1393. The findings showed that technological progress in 21 industrial groups has been grew on average 12 percent annually. In relation to technical efficiency many of technical industries have been weaken in using exist technologies or have been inefficient technically. The third factor findings showed that Iran’s manufacturing industries have been utilized from scale effects. In relation to allocative efficiency, also, all groups have experienced negative growth except Recycle group. In result, among components of total factor productivity, allocative efficiency has been more unfavorable and it refers to in Iran’s economy the resources allocate in unfavorable. On the base of the results, improvement in financing system, increasing in private sector capacitance, improvement in business space are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Analysis of the Evolutionary Game Theory among Iran & Saudi Arabia in the Context of Genetic Algorithm
samaneh khatami alireza shakibaeeEvolutionary game theory has been known as the most suitable tool for modeling the dynamics of strategic interactions. In this regard, evolutionary algorithms present the new approach for learning and decision modeling of bounded rationality factors. The objective of th MoreEvolutionary game theory has been known as the most suitable tool for modeling the dynamics of strategic interactions. In this regard, evolutionary algorithms present the new approach for learning and decision modeling of bounded rationality factors. The objective of this study is providing the new model of searching for optimal strategies in iterated prisoner's dilemma (IPD) using genetic algorithm. For this purpose, by simulating competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia in OPEC oil Coalition, we used 12 strategy types over 20 runs of genetic algorithm for maximizing individual’s scores and also minimizing competitor fitness scores. Results show that “Tit for Tat” with the highest average fitness in both competitions known as the optimal strategy. The other strategis like; Soft Majority, Trigger & TF2T are next in ranking. The strategy “All D” is known as inefficient strategy in competition with the lowest productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - The Effect of Central Bank Transparency on the Output Volatility
Mohamad ali Ehsani Reza IzadiThis paper investigates the effect of central bank transparency on output volatility in selected states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (based on the maximum data availability) during the period 2003-2014. Applying the Arellano-Bond GMM estimation and using t MoreThis paper investigates the effect of central bank transparency on output volatility in selected states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (based on the maximum data availability) during the period 2003-2014. Applying the Arellano-Bond GMM estimation and using the Dincer and Eichengreen transparency index, we examine the effect of central bank transparency on output volatility. The results indicate that an increase in the level of central bank transparency will decrease output volatility up to a certain point, after which additional information from central banks begins to exacerbate it. Therefore, moving with caution towards monetary policy transparency is recommended since the output volatility can be reduced considerably, implying significant benefits for output stability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Accounting the Growth of in Iran Manufacturing Sector by Emphasizing on ICT
mahmood mahmoodzadeh mirhosein mousavi farzad paknahadAbstract The measurement of contribution of physical capital, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) capital, labor and total factor productivity growth to economic growth has been an important issue in economics for a long time. The aim of this paper is to e MoreAbstract The measurement of contribution of physical capital, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) capital, labor and total factor productivity growth to economic growth has been an important issue in economics for a long time. The aim of this paper is to estimate the contribution of physical capital, ICT capital, labor and total factor productivity growth of manufacturing value added in Iranian manufacturing industries. For this purpose, we used the date of ISIC 2-digit codes during 2000-2007 using growth accounting analysis method. findings shows that the contribution of physical capital in growth is %36, the labor %34, information technology %3 and total productivity %27. So, physical capital and unskilled labor have dominant role in the growth but low in information technology. Also, manufacturing industries has a decreasing return to scale in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Economic Investigation of the Crime and It's Inter-Provincial Spillover Effects in Iran: A Spatial Panel Approach
mohsen mehrara Ehsan mohammadian nikpeyAbstract This study investigates the effects of economic and social variables on crimes in Iran by using provincial panel data during 2000-2010. Spatial econometrics is used to study the crime both in space and spillover effects in the model. Research findings suggest MoreAbstract This study investigates the effects of economic and social variables on crimes in Iran by using provincial panel data during 2000-2010. Spatial econometrics is used to study the crime both in space and spillover effects in the model. Research findings suggest that spillover effects caused led by the crimes in provinces are significant in the investigation period. Therefore, any change in crime rate will affect the province and the neighbors by the spillover effects or contagion across boundaries. Furthermore, the results indicate that economic variables of "Income and Industrialization index" and social variables of "Marriage to Divorce Ratio", "Urbanization Ratio" and "Population Increase" all have significant and important effects on the crime along the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Air Pollution and Public Health Expenditures - A Dynamic Panel Data Approach
maryam fattahi Abbas Esari hosein sadeghi hosein asgharpourAbstract This study intends to investigate the effect of air pollution on public health expenditures and to identify the most important factors affecting the relationship between air pollution and public health expenditures. The scope of the study is the developing cou MoreAbstract This study intends to investigate the effect of air pollution on public health expenditures and to identify the most important factors affecting the relationship between air pollution and public health expenditures. The scope of the study is the developing countries during 1995-2011. For this purpose, a dynamic panel and Generalized Method of Moments are used. The empirical results indicate that there is a robust and significant relationship between air pollution, per capita income, urbanization, government size, aging dependency and public health expenditure and unemployment have a negative but significant effect on public health expenditures. Also, per capita income, urbanization and education have significant effect on the relationship between air pollution and public health expenditures. That is, the effects of air pollution on health expenditures in the countries with higher per capita income, higher urbanization rates and lower education levels are significantly higher than other countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Measuring Monopoly Power of Manufacturing Industry in Iran: Stochastic Frontier Functions Approach
Farhad Khodadad Kashi Jafar Ebadi Seyed Ziaoddin Kiaalhoseini Khalil HeidariAbstract The aim of this paper is introducing a new method to estimation monopoly power and uses it for 136 Iranian manufacturing industries at 4 digits ISIC level during 2005-2013. The method used is stochastic frontier approach. The results indicate that the markup o MoreAbstract The aim of this paper is introducing a new method to estimation monopoly power and uses it for 136 Iranian manufacturing industries at 4 digits ISIC level during 2005-2013. The method used is stochastic frontier approach. The results indicate that the markup of nearly 98 percent of manufacturing industries is between 10 and 40 percent and they have an uncompetitive behavior. The average industries markup in Iran had a rising trend over time, reducing their average returns to scale. According to the results; there are suggested canceling the exclusive advantages that used to grant to some industries, lowering the tariff for increasing foreign competition with implementation necessary standards in order to production, importing industerial outputs and expanding industerial activities in the form of cooperatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - Effect of Shock Factors Affecting Financial Crises in Iran's Economy: Autoregressive Vector Models Variable-Time Parameters
ozra bayani teimur mohammadi javid bahrami Hossein TavakolianThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shocks on factors affecting financial crises in Iran's economy. In this study 62 explanatory variables were introduced into the model between 1370: 1 and 1395: 4 and, using the Bayesian averaging model approach MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shocks on factors affecting financial crises in Iran's economy. In this study 62 explanatory variables were introduced into the model between 1370: 1 and 1395: 4 and, using the Bayesian averaging model approach, 12 non-critical variables that were effective on the financial crisis were identified. According to the results of the results, it can be stated that the financial crisis index in Iran's economy is a multi-dimensional problem, as variables related to fiscal policy; monetary policy and foreign exchange policy affect this index. Based on the results of the Autoregressive Vector Models Variable-Time Parameters, it was also observed that the effect of selected variables on financial crises in Iran over the course of time has had different effects and in recent years the intensity of the effect of selected variables has been strengthened. One of the fundamental solutions is that policies that reduce inflation uncertainty, such as the fiscal and monetary discipline of the government and the central bank, reduce crisis expectations by stabilizing the currency and currency markets can reduce crisis uncertainty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - The Productivity of Energy and the Effective Factors on it. (Manufacturing Industries of IRAN)
Ebrahim Niknaghsh نقی شجاع Amir Gholam Abri Mohamad Mehdi MovahediThe main goal of the present study is to evaluate the total energy productivity and the effective factors on 134 manufacturing industries in Iran with a four digit code and also ISIC international classification among 1385 to 1394. To do this, with data envelopment anal MoreThe main goal of the present study is to evaluate the total energy productivity and the effective factors on 134 manufacturing industries in Iran with a four digit code and also ISIC international classification among 1385 to 1394. To do this, with data envelopment analysis and Malmquist method the technical, technological efficiency and the total energy productivity are calculated on the manufacturing industries in Iran. And then by fixed effects method and generalized method of moments (GMM),the effect factors on the total Energy Productivity was calculated. The results of the model showed that the total Manufacturing Industries experiences a technological positive growth, but some have been technically efficient. In all, the findings showed the growth of the total energy productivity in the manufacturing industries. The findings based on the model showed that variables such as skills, information communication technologies (ICT), research and development, physical capital and machinery and equipment , export and time are meaningful effect and just variable education is meaningless effect on the total energy productivity. Based on the results, reviewing the work style, improving managerial skills ,Government subsidized support of production and investment, imports tariff reduction of capital equipment and machinery of the industries with less energy consumption is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - The Effect of Oil Rent on Corruption in Selected Meddle East and North Africa Countries (MENA)
Mehdi Adibpour sina karbasizadehAbstract The aim of this study is to examine the effect of oil rent on corruption within the Selected Middle East and North Africa’s oil-rich countries (MENA) by using a panel data model over the period 2003 to 2016. For this purpose, the effect some control vari MoreAbstract The aim of this study is to examine the effect of oil rent on corruption within the Selected Middle East and North Africa’s oil-rich countries (MENA) by using a panel data model over the period 2003 to 2016. For this purpose, the effect some control variables such as oil production, economic openness degree, democracy index, political right index, individual liberties index, per capita production and inflation on corruption has been considered. The results showed that oil rent has statistically significant negative impact on corruption index. Economic openness degree increase and democracy improvement and institutional quality improvement significantly decrease corruption. However, other control variables have not significantly effect on corruption index. In addition to, institutional quality variable as moderating index of relationship between oil rent and corruption was been considered but its significant effect on the relationship between these two variables was not been confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Iran and Qatar Cooperation in Gas Production from South Pars (North Dome) Gas-Condensate Field: A Game Theory Framework
Elmira Bayati Bijan Safavi Amir JafarzadehAbstract The purpose of this article is to examine the cooperation between Iran and Qatar in withdrawal of shared reservoirs of South Pars gas field (in Qatar: North Dome) by using game theory. The failure of a credible international agreement in determining the magnit MoreAbstract The purpose of this article is to examine the cooperation between Iran and Qatar in withdrawal of shared reservoirs of South Pars gas field (in Qatar: North Dome) by using game theory. The failure of a credible international agreement in determining the magnitude of the exploitation has led Qatar to become more promising by investing more in its oil and gas industries than Iran; this imbalance has caused a rash and pernicious competition. Following this incident, the main purpose of the paper is to examine the type of communication (cooperative or non-cooperative) through the game theory to achieve an optimal economic strategy for Iran. Results based on non-cooperative game design, solving methods through methods of elimination of dominated strategies (dominate strategies equilibrium), and Nash equilibrium showed that choosing the non-cooperative strategy is optimized for both countries and non-cooperation has more economic benefits for Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Non-Interest Income, Profitability and Risk in Banking Industry
Amir Ali Farhang Abolghasem Esna Ashari Asghar Abolhasani Mohammad Reza Ranjbar Fallah Jahangir BiabaniThe aim of this study is evaluating the effect of non-interest income on the risk and profitability of the banking industry by using systematic GMM during 1384 to 1393. The findings show that the increase of non-interest income results in the increase of profitability a MoreThe aim of this study is evaluating the effect of non-interest income on the risk and profitability of the banking industry by using systematic GMM during 1384 to 1393. The findings show that the increase of non-interest income results in the increase of profitability and the decrease of risk in Iran's banking system and there is a significant positive relationship between the concentration index and bank risk in such a way that the increase of concentration index results in increase of banks' risks. On the base of the research results and current problems of Iran's banking system, paying attention to banks' money making ability through non-interest income can be considered as a major solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Impact of Economic Freedom on the Development of Banking Sector in Iran
A. Shahabadi R. Davari KishAbstract The most important aspect of financial development is the banking sector that has significant impact on the process of equipping the savings, identifying investment opportunities and diversifying the risk. Economic freedom is a determinant factor in developing MoreAbstract The most important aspect of financial development is the banking sector that has significant impact on the process of equipping the savings, identifying investment opportunities and diversifying the risk. Economic freedom is a determinant factor in developing the banking sector. The increase of economic freedom provides the setting of financial resources equipment, strengthens the sense of bank deposit in general population to guide them for limited capital in productive activities. Hence, in this study, the impact of economic freedom index on the development of the banking sector in Iran during 1980-2011 will be discussed. The results represent that economic freedom and its components have a significant and positive relationship to the development of banking sector. Also, based on the results, the estimation of the impact of central bank foreign assets on monetary base and Real interest rate on the development of banking sector is positive and significant. Also, the effect of public sector debt to central bank on monetary base is negative but significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - The Effect of Environmental Performance on Happiness: A Cross-country Analysis
hadis hesabi morteza khorsandi hosein abbasinejad Hassan Dehghan ShourkandThis article seeks to find the relationship between happiness and environmental quality. So, the effect of environmental performance index on happiness was evaluated by using data sets of 155 countries during time interval 2006-2016 (as biannual) with panel data method. MoreThis article seeks to find the relationship between happiness and environmental quality. So, the effect of environmental performance index on happiness was evaluated by using data sets of 155 countries during time interval 2006-2016 (as biannual) with panel data method. The results indicate that the improvement of environmental performance index has a positive and significant effect of 6 percent on happiness. On the other hand, the results indicate that the effect of control variables including Gini coefficient and negative impact of environment (An average of negative feelings from environment) was negative, while having the freedom of choice is a positive effect on happiness. Apparently, previous studies confirm the validity of obtained results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Economic Theory of Optimal Marriage
vahid mehrbaniEconomic approach to the marriage represent that optimal conditions in family formation are realized whenever the man loves equally himself and his wife and so the household resources will be equally distributed. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to consider the MoreEconomic approach to the marriage represent that optimal conditions in family formation are realized whenever the man loves equally himself and his wife and so the household resources will be equally distributed. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to consider the credibility of this idea and to find empirical evidence. By using a sample including of 415 married men residing in Tehran, empirical evidence suggest that higher income of women tends to convey marriage to optimality but the age and education of women go in opposite direction. In addition, the number of children and the degree of resemblance of couples' tastes will have positive impact on reaching to optimal marriage. At last, marriage will be close to optimality, if the men’s education is higher than the women’s occurred in lower ages and the number of children and the degree of understanding between the couples is more. The most important implication of this paper is that the similar characteristics of men and women are not necessarily a favorite situation in marriage but some discrepancies seem to be better. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - Studying the Effect of Price Changes on the Welfare of Urban Households Disaggregated By Income Deciles and Commodity Groups
mohammadreza Arman mehr Asieh FarahmandmaneshThis study has assessed the welfare effects based on increasing in the price of eight commodity groups. This research has been accomplished among Iranian urban households of different income deciles in terms of linear expenditure system via using Compensating Variations MoreThis study has assessed the welfare effects based on increasing in the price of eight commodity groups. This research has been accomplished among Iranian urban households of different income deciles in terms of linear expenditure system via using Compensating Variations in the period 1372-1392 by time series data. The results indicate that the increasing in prices leads to decreasing the welfare of lower income deciles rather than the higher income deciles, but with rising price a group commodity(and stability of prices of other commodity groups) in terms of reduced welfare, the most vulnerable income deciles is different. Based on the results, it is suggested that the amount and type of subsidy to the income deciles must be different, and special attention must be paid to low-income groups in the liberation of prices due to inflation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Investigating the Relationship between Trade and Financial Openness with Ecological Footprint
Hossein-Ali Fakher Zahra Abedi Bita ShayganiThe major aim of this paper is the survey of impact of trade and financial openness on ecological footprint in selected developing countries. In this paper, it has been tried to test the effect of trade and financial openness on ecological footprint in the form of simul MoreThe major aim of this paper is the survey of impact of trade and financial openness on ecological footprint in selected developing countries. In this paper, it has been tried to test the effect of trade and financial openness on ecological footprint in the form of simultaneous-equation system on the base of panel data to the years from 1994 to 2014. The results show, there are several factors, which can affect the trade and financial openness and cannot be considered as exogenous variables. Considering trade and financial openness as endogenous variables and the factors influencing them, the impact of such variables on the ecological footprint index can be examined more precisely. On this basis, trade openness has positive and significant effect on ecological footprint index (negative effect on environment quality). On the other hand, according to shelter of pollution hypothesis financial openness variable has positive and significant effect on the ecological footprint index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - The Effect of State Fragility on Iranian Export to Southeast Asian Countries Using Spatial Econometric Approach
Shekoofe Nagheli majid maddah esmael AbounooriAbstract The major aim of this paper is to estimate the effect of the state fragility index as institutions represent on Iranian export to Southeast Asian countries. For this purpose, the spatial econometric approach and the mixed regressive-spatial autoregressive mode MoreAbstract The major aim of this paper is to estimate the effect of the state fragility index as institutions represent on Iranian export to Southeast Asian countries. For this purpose, the spatial econometric approach and the mixed regressive-spatial autoregressive model was used. Research pattern is a regression model with panel data from Iranian trade with Southeast Asian countries during 2000-2015. The results showed that the effect of the state fragility index variable on Iranian export to Southeast Asian countries is negative and significant. This means that promoting legitimacy and effectiveness in the social, political, and economic and security spheres have positive effect on increasing the export capacities of the country. According to the results, the hypothesis of spatial dependence in the model is confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Geographical Aggregation of Industrial Activities and Productivity Growth: The Evidence from Iran's Provinces Manufacturing Industries
Morteza Sameti mahdi fathabadi Homayoun RanjbarThis paper investigates the impact of spatial aggregation of industrial activities on manufacturing industries productivity growth of Iran's provinces during 2004-2013, using cross-section data and dynamic pooled regression by Generalized Method of Moments (GM MoreThis paper investigates the impact of spatial aggregation of industrial activities on manufacturing industries productivity growth of Iran's provinces during 2004-2013, using cross-section data and dynamic pooled regression by Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). To measure industrial aggregation Ellison Glaeser (EG) index was used. The findings support the “Williamson hypothesis”, that is, aggregation of industrial activities has positive effect on productivity growth only up to a certain level of development. By improving infastructures and markets expand, congestion externalities vary in the development phases and it can result in more dispersion in economic activities. Namely, aggregation accumulates human and physical capital and this accelerates economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Reaction of European Industries Importing Iranian Oil to Energy Prices: Inter-factor analysis and Inter-fuel analysis
somayeh azami Kiumars Soheili marjan ghasemiAbstract The purpose of this study is evaluating European manufacturing Industries Importing Iranian Oil response to energy prices during 1970-2005. A two-stage translog model is used for estimating production factor and fuel demand elasticities. Results of inter-factor MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is evaluating European manufacturing Industries Importing Iranian Oil response to energy prices during 1970-2005. A two-stage translog model is used for estimating production factor and fuel demand elasticities. Results of inter-factor analysis show that in most of the countries, energy is inelastic input. Results of inter-fuel analysis show that natural gas is a good substitute for gasoil in European industries. With increasing price of electricity and natural gas, it is predicted that oil is a substitute for these energy carriers in most of countries. Demand elasticity for energy carriers (excluding gasoline) was low estimated. The results of this study have important implications for the industry energy suppliers and environmental policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Surveying the Monetary Shocks Impact on the Income-Expenditure Relationship in the Iran's Government with the Approach of TVPFAVAR
jaber akbari sadegh bakhtiari morteza sameti homayoun ranjbarThe aim of this survey is surveying of monetary shocks on government income-expenditure in Iran by using variable parameters during time by considering seasonal data over the period 1988 to 2014. The results show that occurrence of any shock in liquidity, increase gover MoreThe aim of this survey is surveying of monetary shocks on government income-expenditure in Iran by using variable parameters during time by considering seasonal data over the period 1988 to 2014. The results show that occurrence of any shock in liquidity, increase government income and expenditures and occurrence of any shock in inflation and interest rates, reduce this relationship, but the shocks of inflation and interest rates, has weakened this relationship. Based on the results, it is suggested, to balancing the relationship of income - expenditure in the long term, the government should not focus on the tools of monetary policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - The Effect of Financial Market Variables and Macroeconomic Variables on Exchange Rate Returns of Iran and major trading partners (1990 to 2015)
Reza Najarzade Lotfali Agheli Elham KhorasaniThe aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of financial and fundamental variables on exchange rate fluctuations for Iran and 11 countries of her major trading partners during 1990-2015 with General Method of Moments (GMM) approaach. The overall results suggest that MoreThe aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of financial and fundamental variables on exchange rate fluctuations for Iran and 11 countries of her major trading partners during 1990-2015 with General Method of Moments (GMM) approaach. The overall results suggest that stock index differentials, the interest rates differentials, net capital inflows, net bond inflows, budget deficit and the relative efficiency of non-tradable sector have a negative and significant impact on the exchange rate. However, the inflation rate differentials and the relative efficiency of tradable sector have a positive effect. Inflation, deficit and the relative efficiency of tradable sector showed to have the greatest impact on the exchange rate returns. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the role of the government through the transfer of activities to the nongovernmental sector and less government intervention in the economy to reduce the adverse effects of the budget deficit on macroeconomic performance, to prevent a sharp increase in liquidity in the community, and to reduce the conversion of oil revenues to rials relative to Reducing inflation, and improving efficiency index, especially that of tradable sector to preserve the value of the national currency is helpful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Evaluation of Home Bias in Consumption and Exchange Rate Fluctuations (DSGE Approach)
Mohammad Akbari mohammad javad sharifzade ali ranjbarakiThe aim of this study is to evaluate the result of the exsictance and change in consumer home bias on macroeconomic variables (such as consumption and inflation), in the event of exogenous shocks to the economy. In order to do so, seasonal data of the period 1394-1370 a MoreThe aim of this study is to evaluate the result of the exsictance and change in consumer home bias on macroeconomic variables (such as consumption and inflation), in the event of exogenous shocks to the economy. In order to do so, seasonal data of the period 1394-1370 and a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model has been used. After designing the model, parameters of the suggested model are estimated by Bayesian approach. Reviewing the impulse response functions in the event of exogenous shocks (such as oil revenue shock and technological shock) shows that, with home bias exsictance in the model, inflation and consumption volatility will reduced due to the increased volatility of exchange rate. Based on the results it is recommended that, In order to control endogenous variables (including inflation), In the event of exogenous shocks, especially oil revenue shock, the exchange rate should be allowed to fluctuate more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Assessing the Structure of Bank Deposits Market in Iran
mohammad nabi shahiki tash kamran mahmoodpourAbstract The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structure of banking structure in Iran and assess the monopoly power factor based on Bresnahan and Lau approach. In this paper, the market situation of monetary in Iran consisted 18 active banks are studied dur MoreAbstract The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structure of banking structure in Iran and assess the monopoly power factor based on Bresnahan and Lau approach. In this paper, the market situation of monetary in Iran consisted 18 active banks are studied during 2007–2011. By the use of Bresnahan's market power model, it is found that there is no deposit market for pre-said banks in Iranian banking industry. The coefficients estimated by the research model have represented that the hypothesis of perfect competition without any withholding rates and deposit rates can be rejected for the entire market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - Effective Factors on Absorbing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in MENA Region
Sanaz Khatabi Akbar Komijani Teymour Mohamadi Abbas MemarneJadAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effective factors associated with FDI inflows to MENA region (11 selected countries in Middle East and North Africa). The two-stage least squared pooling method was used for selected MENA countries to a MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effective factors associated with FDI inflows to MENA region (11 selected countries in Middle East and North Africa). The two-stage least squared pooling method was used for selected MENA countries to analyze the data for 2002-2014. Based on the results of analysis, positive effect of economic growth, rate of inflation, and market openness and a negative effect of good governance on foreign direct investment obtained. The results, also, showed that countries with fixed exchange rate regime were more successful in attracting FDI inflows. Based on the findings of this study, and to attract FDI inflows, MENA member countries should implement policies aimed at, improving public’s perceptions of governance, decreasing the inflation, increasing economic growth, creating stable foreign exchange rate regimes, and increasing trade openness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - The Effect of Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and International Business on Greenhouse Gas Emission in Iran
taghi torabi Amin khajooeipour samaneh tarighi mohammadreza pakravanAbstract Nowadays the people all over the world are increasingly worried about the emission of greenhouse gas and the environmental changes resulted. Since Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is the main source of pollution and emission of greenhouse gas, this paper is to study the r MoreAbstract Nowadays the people all over the world are increasingly worried about the emission of greenhouse gas and the environmental changes resulted. Since Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is the main source of pollution and emission of greenhouse gas, this paper is to study the relationship between the emission of this gas caused by energy consumption, economic growth and international trading in Iran during 1971-2011 based on environmental biology Kuznets Curve in practice. So, auto-distribution method with vast stops is used. The results represent that the use of energy, real gross national production per person and the rate of economy openness has a positive and significant effect on the emission of CO2. Furthermore, for the acceleration of short-term dividend pattern adjustment toward long-term balancing, error correction pattern is used. The coefficient estimated for ECM is -0.49 representing that imbalance of CO2 emission can be adjusted after two years by changing the level of energy consumption, national gross production and the rate of economy openness. By considering the increase of CO2 emission in Iran, it is necessary to make new environmental policies to decrease environmental destruction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - The Demand for Away from Home Food in Iranian Households: An Application of Box-Cox Double Hurdle Model
hasan farazmand hamidreza hallafiAbstract Inspired by Becker’s model (1965) and Double-Hurdle pattern by the transformation of Box-Cox and also using the statistical data related to the income and expenses of the urban and rural households in Iran during the year 2012, the most important economi MoreAbstract Inspired by Becker’s model (1965) and Double-Hurdle pattern by the transformation of Box-Cox and also using the statistical data related to the income and expenses of the urban and rural households in Iran during the year 2012, the most important economic and demographic reasons affecting the probable participation and amount of consumption of food away from home has been identified and then the elasticities related to the probable participation and conditional and unconditional consumptions been calculated. The elasticities resulting from estimating the maximum likelihood function of the research under the study indicates that the results of the explanatory factors on the probable participation and the expenses pertaining to the food away from home are sometimes favorable and sometimes contradictory and contrastive. The families themselves and their educational level respectively have a negative and positive favorable effect on the consumption of food away from home. The average age factor of the household has negative elasticity on the probable participation and positive elasticity on costs. So, it has a contrasting effect on the consumption of food away from home. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - Inter-fuel Substitution in OECD and its Effects on the Fluctuations of Iran's Petroleum Exports
teymoor mohammadi hamid amadeh fereidoon barkashli dariush vafinajarIn this paper, based on the importance of Inter-fuel substitution, the researcher try to study the changes in Inter-fuel substitution in OECD and then to answer the question that "whether it has any effect on the fluctuation of Iran's petroleum exports in this market or MoreIn this paper, based on the importance of Inter-fuel substitution, the researcher try to study the changes in Inter-fuel substitution in OECD and then to answer the question that "whether it has any effect on the fluctuation of Iran's petroleum exports in this market or not?" By using Linear Dynamic Logit model based on the equations of fuel and SURE to investigate inter-fuel substitution through four fuels including oil, gas, coal and electricity represent that the electricity and gas is the most intensive in short and long-term alternative to oil. The estimation of this system as simultaneous to MSI model for Iran's oil exports in OECD market indicate that these substitutions affect the fluctuations of Iranian petroleum exports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - Redefinition of the Relation between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Iran: Markov Switching Approach
A. M. Mozayani A. Esari Arani B. Afsharian A. RasouliAbstract The purpose of this study is finding the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the industry and transport sector in developed and developing provinces in Iran through Markov switching model during 2000-2010. The results indicate a posi MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is finding the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the industry and transport sector in developed and developing provinces in Iran through Markov switching model during 2000-2010. The results indicate a positive effect of energy consumption growth on value added growth in industry and transportation both in developed and developing provinces. But, the positive effect of energy consumption will be increased by moving from recession to economic boom phrase. The results imply that the relation between energy consumption and economic growth in transportation sector is more than industry and there is an asymmetric relation between energy consumption and economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - The Effect of Mark-up Shocks on Intensification of Stagflation in Iran’s Economy: DSGE Approach
Teymour Mohammadi abbas shakeri Masoume EmamikalaeeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of existence of mark-up shocks, which is a criterion for monopolistic structure of industries on intensification of stagflation phenomenon in Iran’s economy. For this purpose, it has been utilized by the metho MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of existence of mark-up shocks, which is a criterion for monopolistic structure of industries on intensification of stagflation phenomenon in Iran’s economy. For this purpose, it has been utilized by the methodology of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium during the period of 1959-2014. The findings showed that mark-up shock increases price and decreases production which shows the existence of stagflation. Meanwhile, the mark-up shock will instantly decrease consumption and investment. As a result, mark-up shock does not have a positive effect on the economy as it tend to produce stagflation. Based on the results, it is possible that by consideration anti-monopoly laws it can be prevented increasing the mark-up. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - Optimal Economic Model of Cultivation to Reduce the Impacts of Environmental Pollution in Mazandaran Province
Majid Ghorbani Abolfazl Mahmoudi mohsen shookat fadaei Mohammad KhalediThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the position of rapeseed and soybean oils in optimal cultivation pattern of Mazandaran province in two social and market conditions. For this purpose, the calibrated linear programming model has been used to reduce environment MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the position of rapeseed and soybean oils in optimal cultivation pattern of Mazandaran province in two social and market conditions. For this purpose, the calibrated linear programming model has been used to reduce environmental pollution based on data from the year 1396-97. The results of the market model showed that the use of water, machinery and capital for production of crops in the province, in particular, oilseeds were more than needed and the same amounts of production could be obtained by using smaller amounts of these inputs. Gained. Also, given the limitations and available resources, soybean cultivation should be reduced by 45% and canola cultivation by 18% to achieve the optimal model. The results of the social model showed that the production of oilseeds in the province would only be possible with government support for the agricultural sector. The results suggest that instead of focusing on subsidies for fertilizers and chemical pesticides, other areas such as technical knowledge promotion, insurance, warehousing, transportation, commodity exchange, standardization, export, package Classify and grade these supports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - Modeling Equity Premium Puzzle by Using Fuzzy Logic: A Number of Evidences from Iran
Alireza Erfani Solmaz SafariThis paper is intended to study the equity premium puzzle in basis of Consumption Capital Asset Pricing model in the period 1371-1393 in Iran seasonally. The results confirm the puzzle in the period. Consequently the paper introduces and proposes an experimental and the MoreThis paper is intended to study the equity premium puzzle in basis of Consumption Capital Asset Pricing model in the period 1371-1393 in Iran seasonally. The results confirm the puzzle in the period. Consequently the paper introduces and proposes an experimental and theoretical model to explain equity premium through Consumption Capital Asset Pricing model in habits formation model and combination of financial and economy regimes by Fuzzy Logic. Results derived from proposed model showed that equity premium and risk aversion have a counter- cyclical relation with economic regimes; so that in recession regime and reducing market, consumption news increase relative risk aversion and equity premium. In this regime, the individual prefers to adventure only in lieu of high level of compensation and he or she also intends to allocate the funds into more certain fields such as bank deposits. While consumption news in the period of boom in economy and increasing market, decrease risk aversion and equity premium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - Calculating the Sustainable Supply Chain Performance in the Cement Industry (Application of Network Data Envelopment Analysis Model)
mohammad hossein darvish motevally farhad hosseinzadeh lotfi نقی شجاع Amir Gholam AbriThe purpose of this paper is to present an appropriate model of data envelopment analysis with a network structure for evaluating the sustainability of the supply chain of cement companies present in the Iranian Stock Exchange during 2014-2015 and determine their produc MoreThe purpose of this paper is to present an appropriate model of data envelopment analysis with a network structure for evaluating the sustainability of the supply chain of cement companies present in the Iranian Stock Exchange during 2014-2015 and determine their productivity based on the Malmquist index. This model attempts to introduce sustainability criteria in the supply network with regard to quantitative and qualitative constraints as well as undesirable outputs and Through their measure of supply chain, results are more consistent with reality. Overall, the results indicate a decline in the total productivity of these companies; meanwhile, only 7 companies have maintained their performance and other companies have had a performance fluctuation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - Components Incompatibility, A Way for Monopolization in Services
kiumars shahbazi jalil badpeymaThe purpose of this article is to achieve the compatibility equilibrium of components. For this purpose, the components compatibility was investigated in the production equipment producers. In this research, a game has been designed in three stages with considerin MoreThe purpose of this article is to achieve the compatibility equilibrium of components. For this purpose, the components compatibility was investigated in the production equipment producers. In this research, a game has been designed in three stages with considering the available alternatives for equipment producers and service providers, in which the firms decide about compatibility before price competition in selling stages and providing services. Then, by means of static games solution with imperfect information, the game equilibrium has been exploited. The modeling results showed that the component incompatibility is the game equilibrium and the firms with monopolization incentives in providing the after sale services, produce own provided outputs under an incompatible situation. Based on results, is suggested the production equipment byers, if possible before purchase, evaluate the rate of breakdown of production equipment, and also, concurrent with purchasing the system, buy the spare parts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - The Role of Tendency of Government Preference in an Optimal Fiscal Policy Model in the Presence of Agent Heterogeneity in A dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Framework
hamidreza izadiAbstract This paper examines an optimal fiscal policy model in the presence of agents heterogeneous in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework. Therefore, the presence of heterogeneous agents in the model led MoreAbstract This paper examines an optimal fiscal policy model in the presence of agents heterogeneous in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework. Therefore, the presence of heterogeneous agents in the model led to create limitation that will be call government preference. The role of these preferences and tendency of the Government to the poor or the rich group can change the results of optimal policies on the economy. By using a dynamic stochastic general model, the role of government preferences tendency was been surveyed. The results indicate that in these models, the role of government expenditure financing through available taxes in the policymaking system, is partly dependent on the government preferences tendency. On the bases of the results, it is suggested that separating the government preferences and tendency in relation to the poor and the rich. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Determining the Optimal Interest Rate and Its Effects on Iran's Economy: An Application of Optimal Control Theories
yazdan Naghdi Farshid Efati BaranAbstract The aim of this study is to estimate and calculate the optimal interest rate during the period 1993-2016 in order to achieve an optimal interest rate and a describe economic growth using the optimal control theory. Taking into account Iran’s economic, s MoreAbstract The aim of this study is to estimate and calculate the optimal interest rate during the period 1993-2016 in order to achieve an optimal interest rate and a describe economic growth using the optimal control theory. Taking into account Iran’s economic, social and cultural planning, its economic growth rate is considered 6%, and the inflation targeting 10% in the present research. The results show that in order to achieve the describe economic growth rate of 6% in a year and the inflation targeting rate of 10%, the optimal interest rate needs to be 5.2%. By notice that the bank average interest rate for Iran has been 14.3% in the same period, it is suggested that bank interest rate decreases. This matter will increase investment and ultimately expand production and economic growth in the Iranian economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - The Impact of Provincial Budget Gap on Regional Income Disparity of Iran’s Provinces by Using PVAR Model
Hadi Rahmani Fazli Abbas Arab MazarThis paper attempts to investigate the relationship among provincial construction and total budget gap with per capita income disparity as a regional inequality index among the nation provinces during 2006 - 2011 periods by using panel vector autoregressive approach. Ba MoreThis paper attempts to investigate the relationship among provincial construction and total budget gap with per capita income disparity as a regional inequality index among the nation provinces during 2006 - 2011 periods by using panel vector autoregressive approach. Based on the panel co-integration test there is a long run significant relationship among provincial income per capita disparity with provincial construction and total budget gap. Estimation results of PVAR model and analysis of impulse responses functions show that the budget gap shock has a positive impact on income per capita disparity and justifying the shock effect on income per capita lasts about six periods. The variance decomposition results of the shocks showed that the total and construction budget gap explain a considerable part of provincial income per capita disparity variation. The results emphasis on necessary to reduction gap in budget allocation to the nation provinces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - Multi-Dimensional Approach to Subjective Well-Being: A Case Study: Ilam University Staff
bagher darvishi mehdi omidi fereshteh esmatThe purpose of the paper is surveying multi-dimensional approach to subjective well-bein.by using Van Praag, et al (2003) model. Therefore, satisfaction from life has been modeled as a function of satisfactions in finance, job, health, habitation, leisure, and living en MoreThe purpose of the paper is surveying multi-dimensional approach to subjective well-bein.by using Van Praag, et al (2003) model. Therefore, satisfaction from life has been modeled as a function of satisfactions in finance, job, health, habitation, leisure, and living environment and by COLS method, on the base of data from the questionnaire for a sample including 180 individuals of Ilam university’s faculty members and staff was estimated. The results show that satisfaction with life as a whole for the staff is also a function of finance, health and living environment satisfaction, while it is only a function of financial satisfaction for the faculty members. The results, also, suggest that in various life aspects, lack of satisfaction with life cannot be explained solely by income components. So, it is suggests to protective institutes that prohibit to solely welfare plans and instead of them, provide more comprehensive protective packages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Fiscal Policies and Income Distribution in Iran: FAVAR Approach
seyed kamal sadeghi mohammad bagher beheshti Reza ranjpour saeed ebrahimiThe aim of this paper is to examine the impact of government fiscal policies on income distribution. For this purpose FAVAR method and quarterly data for the time period of 1393:q4-1369:q1 for 99 macroeconomic variables have been used. Impulse response functions show th MoreThe aim of this paper is to examine the impact of government fiscal policies on income distribution. For this purpose FAVAR method and quarterly data for the time period of 1393:q4-1369:q1 for 99 macroeconomic variables have been used. Impulse response functions show that a positive shock as size one standard deviation in government current expenditure, increases Gini coefficient and as result worsens income distribution. While, government development expenditure as well as direct and indirect taxes shocks reduce Gini coefficient and improve income distribution. According to the Findings, the government can reduce income inequality by reducing unproductive costs, increasing targeted development spending and improving tax system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Effective Factors on Iran’s Export to Eurasian Economic Union
Mansour AsgariWhile the country's development requires the growth of exports, taking into account the trend of globalization, this process entails outward looking economic approach in which preferential trade agreement is essential. On the other hand, the assessment of the effects of MoreWhile the country's development requires the growth of exports, taking into account the trend of globalization, this process entails outward looking economic approach in which preferential trade agreement is essential. On the other hand, the assessment of the effects of preferential trade agreements of Iran with trade partners is important as well. Therefore, this paper analyzes the effects of establishing a preferential trade agreement of Iran with Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). This paper, using the gravity model with the panel data approach, the 2007-2016 data and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, evaluated the effects of this agreement. The results show that the variables of GDP size, economic similarities, the difference between the exporter's, importer's income level and real exchange rate, have a positive effect on Iran’s export. It is estimated that by establishment of a preferential trade agreement between Iran and EAEU, Iran's exports will increase by 43 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Exchange Rate Pass-Through into Import Price in Iran Economy with Emphasis on Volatility of Oil Revenues (Nonlinear Approach)
Mana Mesbahi Hosein Asgharpour Jafar Haghighat Seyed Alireza Kazerooni firooz fallahiAbstract The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impacts of fundamental variables and volatility of oil revenue (as one of the most important of environment prevailing components in Iran economy) on degree of exchange rate pass through (ERPT) into import MoreAbstract The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impacts of fundamental variables and volatility of oil revenue (as one of the most important of environment prevailing components in Iran economy) on degree of exchange rate pass through (ERPT) into import price. For this, Markov-Switching and EGARCH methods were used on the base of data for 1990:3 to 2014:1. The findings indicate that there are two ERPT into import price regimes in Iran economy. The ERPT is more than unitary in both regimes. Also, volatility of oil revenues has asymmetric impacts on ERPTs of regimes in terms of size and sign but it increases ERPT into import price in both regimes. Therefore, managing of volatility of oil revenues and exchange rate changes are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Modeling the Effects of Green Tax on Health Sector Costs Using a Computable General Equilibrium Model
Mohammad Ali Torki Harchegani Nazar DahmardehAbstract The purpose of this paper is to consider the effects of green taxes on health costs in Iran. Accordingly, to achieve this goal, a computable general equilibrium model was used taking into account the interactions between energy, economy, environment and health MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to consider the effects of green taxes on health costs in Iran. Accordingly, to achieve this goal, a computable general equilibrium model was used taking into account the interactions between energy, economy, environment and health sectors simultaneously. The model was calibrated with data from the Social Accounting Matrix of 2011 and the endogenous variables of the model were calculated using the GAMS software using MCP technique. The results showed that by increasing the green tax rates, the health costs caused by the reduction of air pollution would be significantly reduced. Also, the financial impact on health indicators included mortality, morbidity and non-health effects of air pollution were estimated 62, 26.4 and 11.6 percent, respectively. Based on the results, implementation of green taxes can be reduced the health costs of air pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - E-Business and Startup's Performance
niloofar imankhanAbstract The purpose of this paper is survey of impact of e-business on startup's performance. E-business is investigated in relation to design and production, marketing, distribution, coordination with suppliers and post-sale services. Type of the research is practical MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is survey of impact of e-business on startup's performance. E-business is investigated in relation to design and production, marketing, distribution, coordination with suppliers and post-sale services. Type of the research is practical and the method is cause and effect. Managers and experts operative startups are the statistical society of research that 140 from 200 included. Library studies and field research for gathering information used and data collection done with questionnaire that its construct, content validity and also reliability approved. Results show that E-business through change on production and distribution process (design, marketing, distribution, coordination with suppliers and post-sale services), decrease of operating expenses and increase of return on asset effect on startup's performance. The government with providing supportive rules, universities with principled training and create entrepreneurship thought space and private sector by risky investment will be golden triangle in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - Evaluation of Exchange Market Pressure and Degree of Government Intervention by Co-integration Technique: Case Study of Iran
mahmood baghjari Ebrahim Hoseini nasab Reza NajarzadehAbstract Exchange market pressure (EMP) is an important index for evaluating the changes of exchange rate and foreign exchange reserves simultaneously. In this paper, exchange market pressure is calculated based on Weymark approach during 1989: Q1- 2012:Q4. The method MoreAbstract Exchange market pressure (EMP) is an important index for evaluating the changes of exchange rate and foreign exchange reserves simultaneously. In this paper, exchange market pressure is calculated based on Weymark approach during 1989: Q1- 2012:Q4. The method applied for estimating EMP is Co-integration technique by using Johansen-Juselius (JJ) technique. The results have represented that, during the period, there is a pressure on exchange rate and about 44% of exchange market pressure is attracted by foreign exchange and remaining 56% absorbed by the changes in exchange rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - The Effect of Crime on the Development Convergence of the Provinces of Iran: An Application of Spatial Econometrics
Seyed Aziz Arman VAHID KAFILI Hasaan Farazmand Hosein MoltafetThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of crime deterrence (Internal Security) on the convergence of development between the provinces of Iran (during the period 1375 to 1390, respectively). Estimation of convergence equation inspired by Solo- Swan neocl MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of crime deterrence (Internal Security) on the convergence of development between the provinces of Iran (during the period 1375 to 1390, respectively). Estimation of convergence equation inspired by Solo- Swan neoclassical growth theory and using spatial econometrics indicates that while there is no a significant deterrent effect of crime index on the speed of development, convergence of development between the provinces of Iran occur. The existence of convergence among provinces, indicates the success of regional development policy in reducing regional inequality. Non-significant impact of crime in the development process could be due to the huge role of government in the development process and also the lack of enough threshold of crime density for the provinces of Iran. It is recommended that as in the past, regional development policies regardless of the crime density in the provinces continue and this insignificance, lack of seriousness in controlling crime and the causes of crime politicians not to follow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Study of Pollution Abatement Policy by Using Comparative Static Analysis and Endogenous Growth Model: Case Study of Iran Economy
sharareh majdzadeh tabatabaei ali hosein ostadzadAbstract In past decade, paying attention to the environment sustainability has been an important macroeconomic goal in different countries by moving towards a low-carbon economic growth. Therefore, this paper attempts to design and calibrate an endogenous growth model MoreAbstract In past decade, paying attention to the environment sustainability has been an important macroeconomic goal in different countries by moving towards a low-carbon economic growth. Therefore, this paper attempts to design and calibrate an endogenous growth model and use comparative static analysis to study the policies such as promoting green R&D, imposing an eco-tax, subsidizing less polluting factors of input for pollution abatement and then, to control the pollution effects on Iran economy. The results represent that the government can adjust the behavior of agents in order to reach a sustainable economic growth with the help of appropriate policies, and so to choose an optimal decision in the allocation of resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - The Effect of Stadiums and Professional Sport Teams on Job Earnings in Iran
parviz mohammadzadeh farhad aziziAbstract During two past decades, the building of stadiums and sport projects has been greatly increased in American and European and even Asian countries. Today, as an effective and important factor, it plays a vital role directly and indirectly in the economic develo MoreAbstract During two past decades, the building of stadiums and sport projects has been greatly increased in American and European and even Asian countries. Today, as an effective and important factor, it plays a vital role directly and indirectly in the economic development of cities and countries when producing and consuming sports goods and services. This paper explores the impact of professional sports teams and stadiums on earning in private sector. To get the goal, such jobs as sporting goods stores, grocery stores, restaurants, inn, hotel, transportation and amusements are considered by a closer interaction with stadiums. This study tries to pay attention to such related sports as football and futsal during 2005-2007. The results indicate that there is no positive and significant relationship between the existence of professional teams and stadiums and the earnings of people in related jobs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Effect of Price Changes in Main Commodity Groups on Rural Households Welfare Based on Linear Expenditure System
samad hekmati farid soleiman feizi nafiseh saadatThis paper is to evaluate the effect of price changes in 8 main commodity groups on rural households during 2001-2012. To estimate subsistence level, rural households' data issued by Iranian Statistics Center is used. In addition, by the the results of linear expenditur MoreThis paper is to evaluate the effect of price changes in 8 main commodity groups on rural households during 2001-2012. To estimate subsistence level, rural households' data issued by Iranian Statistics Center is used. In addition, by the the results of linear expenditure system, the price and income elasticities is calculated along with the compensation and equivalent variations of Iranian Rural households. The results represent that subsistence level for Rural households is 40637 thousand Rials in the year 2012. Furthermore, the compensation and equivalent variations calculated by of commodity groups indicate the increase of prices in each commodity group of subsistence level will decrease rural households welfare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Shadow Economy and Income Inequality in Iran
A. Asadzadeh Z. JaliliAbstract This paper studies the relationship between income inequality and shadow economy in Iranian economy during 1971-2010. After examining the structural break of the data by using Bai- Peron endogenous structural break test, and Lee- Strazicich unit root test, the MoreAbstract This paper studies the relationship between income inequality and shadow economy in Iranian economy during 1971-2010. After examining the structural break of the data by using Bai- Peron endogenous structural break test, and Lee- Strazicich unit root test, the study will be done by using Ordinary Least Squares. Based on the results obtained, the effect of shadow economy on income inequality is positive and by the increase of shadow economy, income inequality will be increased. Also, the results indicate that the increase of government size leads to the increase of the income inequality. In addition, the simultaneous effect of the shadow economy, economic growth and government size represent that a rise of shadow economy will increase income inequality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Customer Behavior Analysis of the Bank Industry: Grounded Theory Approach
Mostafa Esfandiari niloufar imankhanAbstract The present paper has reviewed a comprehensive approach and qualitative research method based on Strauss and Corbin's theory (1988), to examine and present the brand assessment model through customer behavior analysis. The sample size was finalized for intervi MoreAbstract The present paper has reviewed a comprehensive approach and qualitative research method based on Strauss and Corbin's theory (1988), to examine and present the brand assessment model through customer behavior analysis. The sample size was finalized for interviewing experts in the context of theoretical saturation, and the foundation theory data strategy, including open source, axial and selective coding, as well as the basic model of this theory was used to formulate the model of the research. The findings of the research led to identification of causative conditions, grounded conditions, interventional conditions and evaluation dimensions in customer behavior analysis based on the brand choice of the bank. Formulating valuation strategies with the approach of customer relationship process measurement, service delivery process, customer segmentation process, target selection process and placement process, a mentality image based on brand distinction and competitive advantage will be based on customer analysis and selection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Studding Democracy Convergence in Developing Countries: A Spatial Econometric Approach
Seyed Kamal Sadeghi mohsen pourabdollahan Parviz Mohamadzadeh zahra karimi parvin alimoradi afsharThe purpose of this paper is to study empirically the convergence of democracy in developing countries. For this purpose, the spatial econometric and panel data approach was used during the period 1990- 2014. The results show that the geographic proximity of countries h MoreThe purpose of this paper is to study empirically the convergence of democracy in developing countries. For this purpose, the spatial econometric and panel data approach was used during the period 1990- 2014. The results show that the geographic proximity of countries has a positive and significant effect on democracy. In other words, on average, the increase in the level of democracy in the geographic neighbors has led to a 6 percent increase in democracy, which reflects the political influence of each other. Also, foreign aids does not have a significant effect on the spread of democracy in developing countries. In general, the spatial effects of democracy or the theory of diffusion in developing countries are confirmed. Therefore, According to the theory of diffusion and convergence of democracy, increase or decrease in democracy in a country can increase or decrease democracy in neighboring countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - The Use of an Endogenous Growth Model to Calculate the Optimal Rate of Value Added Tax with Emphasis on Harmful Products and Waste
Ahmad Jafari Samimi Saeed Karimi Potanlar Kooroush AzamiThe aim of this paper is to calculate the optimal rate of value added tax with emphasis on harmful products and waste and oil revenues using a model of endogenous growth for Iran’s economy. For this purpose, at first, a generalized growth model for three parts inc MoreThe aim of this paper is to calculate the optimal rate of value added tax with emphasis on harmful products and waste and oil revenues using a model of endogenous growth for Iran’s economy. For this purpose, at first, a generalized growth model for three parts including households, firms and government developed. After developing the model and achieving a determiner relationship of the optimal rate of value added tax, using the parameters of Iran’s economy, the model was calibrated and tax optimized values for different scenarios were calculated. The results showed that in the face of declining oil revenues, to remain in a constant situation, optimal rate of value added tax will be increased. More economic growth will increase the tax optimal rate. By increasing social sensitivity to the harmful products and waste, in order to provide optimum conditions for social welfare, the optimal rate of value added tax should be increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - Determinants of Fuel Subsidies in Selected Oil Exporting Countries: (The Case Study of Gasoline Subsidy)
Hossein Tavakolian Ali Faridzad Jalal Dehnavi Neda MohamadiAbstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting the payment of fossil fuel subsidies in oil exporting countries. To this end, the determinants of fossil fuel subsidies in selected exporting countries are divided into three sections: economic, poli MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting the payment of fossil fuel subsidies in oil exporting countries. To this end, the determinants of fossil fuel subsidies in selected exporting countries are divided into three sections: economic, political and institutional factors, and analyzed by the method of generalized moment data of dynamic panel data in the period 2003-2015. The results showed that variables such as carbon emissions and health costs are effective in paying gasoline subsidies. International Indicators of Risk also show the impact of institutional and political factors on subsidies. Based on the results, international organizations or management organizations should have targeted and accurate investment in improving the organizational and institutional capacity of the countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - The Effective Factors on Survival Duration of Economic Expansion in Selected Countries of Islamic Cooperation Organization (Survival Analysis Approach)
Majid FeshariThe aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of inflation rate, investment, oil price and oil income and the ratio of devoted credits to private sector divided by survival duration of economic expansion in twenty five OIC countries during the period of 1994-2014. MoreThe aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of inflation rate, investment, oil price and oil income and the ratio of devoted credits to private sector divided by survival duration of economic expansion in twenty five OIC countries during the period of 1994-2014. For achieving this purpose, the research experiential model have been estimated by using cyclical models method by assuming Weibul distribution. The results from the estimated model indicate to positive affecting inflation, oil price, oil income, gross domestic fixed capital formation and the ratio of devoted credits to private sector divided by survival duration of economic expansion in the studding countries. So it can be suggested that the economic policy makers in the Islamic Cooperation Organization countries by increasing investment and by developing financial markets deal with increase of domestic production capacity and probability of more survival to economic expansion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Financing Through Public-Private Partnership and Development
hasan noei aghdam Sayed Shams Alddin Hoseini Abbas Me'marnejad karim emami jozeThe main purpose is to explain the impact of financing through public-private partnerships with government funding on development. For this purpose, the system of simultaneous equations was used based on Iranian Registry data from 1976 to 1978. Estimated coefficients fo MoreThe main purpose is to explain the impact of financing through public-private partnerships with government funding on development. For this purpose, the system of simultaneous equations was used based on Iranian Registry data from 1976 to 1978. Estimated coefficients for the effect of financing through public-private partnerships and government funding on development were tested. The results showed that public-private partnership financing was about four times more likely to affect development than government funding. This difference is not rejected at the 98% level. It is proposed to increase the share of financing through public-private partnerships rather than through government funding to further the development goals.This move, in addition to freeing up government funding for other development goals, allows for increased private sector participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Impact of the Government Expenditure on Private Consumption and Investment in VAR and FAVAR Model
mansour khalili araghi Hassan SharifiThe aim of this paper was survey of the government's current and development expenditure impact on private consumption and investment in Iran economy. In this study, Factor Augmented Vector Autoregressive method was used on the base of seasonal data frequency in the per MoreThe aim of this paper was survey of the government's current and development expenditure impact on private consumption and investment in Iran economy. In this study, Factor Augmented Vector Autoregressive method was used on the base of seasonal data frequency in the period 1370-1394.The results showed that the government's current and development expenditure have a complementary effect on private consumer spending; but government expenditure in two current and development sectors has had a substitutional effect on private investment. According to the results, it is suggested that in order to boom and economic development in various economic sectors, the government deal with infrastructure expenditure and on the other hand, help by increasing private investment subject to no budget deficit increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - The Estimation of Systematic Risk in Iranian Financial Sectors (ΔCoVaR Approach)
samad hekmati farid Ali Rezazadeh ali malekAbstract The occurrence of last crisis has led to the consideration of systematic risk and it's transmission in theoretical and empirical point view. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to estimate and localize of systematic risk in financial sectors of Iran such as St MoreAbstract The occurrence of last crisis has led to the consideration of systematic risk and it's transmission in theoretical and empirical point view. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to estimate and localize of systematic risk in financial sectors of Iran such as Stock, Insurance and Bank sectors during the period of 1995-2015. The quintile regression econometric approach has been used for estimating the difference conditional value at risk in these sectors. The main empirical findings of post estimation indicated that there is significant difference between Stock, Insurance and Bank sectors as main financial sectors. Moreover, the results of Fridman test as a method for ordering of variable status showed that, the systematic risk of insurance is high and risk of bank is low during the period of study. So, there is significant difference between orders of financial sectors in Iran over the period of study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - Institutions and development in the Middle East Countries
mohammad hosein fatehi dabanloo Kambiz hojabr kiani abbas memarnejad mohsen mehraraThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction between institutions and development in the Middle East countries. To testing the hypotheses the Middle East countries were divided into two groups of oil exporting and non-oil-exporting, then the research MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction between institutions and development in the Middle East countries. To testing the hypotheses the Middle East countries were divided into two groups of oil exporting and non-oil-exporting, then the research models as systematic and three-stage least squares have been used by the data during the period 1996 to 2014 for the two groups. Wald, Kruskal-Wallis and least significant difference tests were also utilized in appraising the interaction between institutions and development. The findings show that there is a significant difference between institutions and development interaction in the oil exporting and non-oil-exporting countries in the Middle East. In both groups, the estimated coefficient for the impact of development on institutions is more than the impact of institutions on development. Therefore, pay attention to development, automatically, in addition to improving its indices, upgrades the institutions conditions and improves the indices performance. This impact is exist by institution, also, but the variation speed is more by development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Simulation of Heterogeneous Inflation Expectations in Iran
saeed isazadeh habib morovat omid sharifiIn this paper by considering importance of inflation expectations, its formation quality has investigated by regarding heterogeneous economic agents and by factor based computing model, expected inflation in Iran economy has simulated with lest forecasting error squares MoreIn this paper by considering importance of inflation expectations, its formation quality has investigated by regarding heterogeneous economic agents and by factor based computing model, expected inflation in Iran economy has simulated with lest forecasting error squares during 1979-2013. On the base of the assumptions, individuals have been divided into two groups with extroverted and regressive to trend expectations in which the ratio of these groups can change over time. The results show that the economic agents with extroverted inflationary expectations have an important role in inflation durability and changing the behavioral parameters of economic agents affects inflation expectation. Therefore, because of the possibility of endogenous dynamism mobility in the model, it is better that Policy-makers notice to the condition of inflationary expectations change in making polices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Joint Pricing and Inventory Routing Modeling in a Two Echelon Closed Supply Chain
mohamad mohamadnejad Isa nakhaei kama abadi Ramin Sadeghian Fardin Ahmadi zarAbstract This paper studies the pricing issue in a multi-period and multi-product closed-loop supply chain with price-dependent demands. The aim is to assign a location for the collection and disassemble center, vehicle routing, and material ordering in order to maximi MoreAbstract This paper studies the pricing issue in a multi-period and multi-product closed-loop supply chain with price-dependent demands. The aim is to assign a location for the collection and disassemble center, vehicle routing, and material ordering in order to maximize the profit. In the study, a non-linear mathematical model is presented for small scale problems. Due to the NP-hardness of the problem, two met heuristics, genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm, are applied to solve medium and large scale problems. The algorithms are validated by comparing their results with those of the mathematical model. Finally, the performance comparison of the two met heuristics through statistical analysis is demonstrated that the particle swarm optimization algorithm performance outperforms the genetic algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - Expansion of Financial Distress Modeling Using Corporate Earnings Management in the Iran's Economic Environment
Abbas Ramezanzadeh Zeidi Khosro Faghani Makrani Ali jafariThe purpose of this study is to provide a model for financial distress predicting with real earnings management.So the redesignthe financial distress prediction model of Altman (1983) with the real earnings management variable as a predictor variable, the performance of MoreThe purpose of this study is to provide a model for financial distress predicting with real earnings management.So the redesignthe financial distress prediction model of Altman (1983) with the real earnings management variable as a predictor variable, the performance of the unadjusted model and the adjusted model in predicting of financial distress among companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange was compared.The statistical sample consists of 179 Companies during the years 2008- 2017.Data analysis and hypothesis testing were performed using multiple logistic regression.The results show that the overall accuracy of the adjusted model is higher than the unadjusted model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Estimating the Food Price and Income Elasticities in Tehran Urban Households
vida varahrami zohreh hoshmand reza yousefi haji absdAbstract The aim of this research is to estimate the food price and income elasticities in urban household of Tehran province. For this purpose, the data of household food items in Tehran province used by different groups of household consumer goods are gathered and th MoreAbstract The aim of this research is to estimate the food price and income elasticities in urban household of Tehran province. For this purpose, the data of household food items in Tehran province used by different groups of household consumer goods are gathered and then handled as a combination of linear almost ideal demand system based on seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) during 2004- 2012. In this paper, the behavior of price and income elasticities has been studied in urban households. The overall results represent that cereals, dairy products and oils group are a part of essential commodities. Meats, fish and marine animals are luxury goods. Cross-price elasticities, in term of absolute value, are less than one in most cases. Auto-price elasticity of fish and marine animals is more than one unit. In other word, this group is a kind of elastic goods Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - The Effect of Capital Income Share Variation on Economic Growth and Total Factor Productivity: A Growth Accounting Approach
mehdi fathabadiThe factors ‘shares are constant in Solow growth accounting approach. The purposes of this paper are evaluating the effect of capital income share change on economic growth, implementing the growth accounting approach to calculate total factor productivity (TFP) c MoreThe factors ‘shares are constant in Solow growth accounting approach. The purposes of this paper are evaluating the effect of capital income share change on economic growth, implementing the growth accounting approach to calculate total factor productivity (TFP) considering that capital income share to be changed; and finally, estimating the effect of capital income share and it’s variation on TFP growth. For this reason, the data of value added, capital stock, and labor compensation with constant values at 2011 as well as labor forces data of manufacturing industries in 31 Iran’s provinces during 2000-2014 have been collected. Findings show that the capital income share variation had positive effect on income per capita in provinces ‘manufacturing industries with value 11.5 thousand Rials. The growth accounting results indicate that classic factors contribution (labor and capital stock) of economic growth was 11.4 and 200 percent, respectively. Moreover, capital income share variation and Zuleta TFP contribution of manufacturing industries economic growth are 30 and -141 percent, respectively. Finally, outcomes of panel least squares (PLS) estimation show that capital income share variation has significant and positive effect on TFP growth, but income share level doesn’t significant effect during the considered period. In fact, a one percent increase in capital income share will increase the TFP growth by approximately 2.6 percent; which these are due to variation of factor abundant ratio and biased technological change in provinces ‘manufacturing industries of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Analyzing the Determinants of Housing Prices in Tehran City
mirhosein mousavi hosein doroodianAbstract In this paper, the factors affecting house prices have been studied in Tehran during 1991-2007. After combining the parameters and variables, land prices, construction costs, interest rates, per capita residential buildings completed, money supply and the retu MoreAbstract In this paper, the factors affecting house prices have been studied in Tehran during 1991-2007. After combining the parameters and variables, land prices, construction costs, interest rates, per capita residential buildings completed, money supply and the returns in alternative markets are considered as theoretical determinants of housing prices, in which their effects should be tested and measured. Besides these factors, a component of unobserved or implicit trend including technical performance, preferences and non-economic factors is considered in the model. In order to estimate the model, a structural time series is used. This model has the capability to specify the regression equation of state - space and Kalman filter algorithm and the maximum likelihood method to estimate unknown parameters. The results have reflected the negative impact of real interest rates, returns on alternative assets such as gold, foreign exchange, equities, per capita residential buildings completed and the positive impact of construction costs. But, M2 is weak and insignificant. Strong relationship between land prices and housing prices identified seem to bo a simultaneous movement of two variable rather than a causal relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Calculation of Elasticity of CO2 Emission Intensity of Energy-Intensive Industries with the Approach of Identifying Important Input-Output Coefficients
Elaheh Shareie Ali Faridzad ali asghar banoueiAbstract &nbs MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to analyses the effect of changes in technology and distribution of economic sectors on CO2 emission intensity of the first five Iranian energy intensive industries used identifying Important Coefficients based on 2011 input-output table. The results of two Leontief Demand-Driven and Ghosh Supply-Driven Approaches show that one percent changing in technology of production and distribution of product of chemical materials and chemical products manufacturing, coking, processing of petroleum and nuclear fuel and manufacture of basic metal products will reduce more than one percent of CO2 emissions intensity. Since that mentioned sectors are in inappropriate condition due to their great potential CO2 emissions intensities, hence it is essential to make emission reduction policies about these sectors to reduce CO2 emissions intensity significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - Modeling and Ranking the Criteria in Providing Favorable Financing for Public Sector by Using MCDM: Case study of Mashhad Metropolis
rasool ghorbani mitra azimiAbstract This study is to use a library and comparative analysis method for ranking the criteria affecting the optimal model in Mashhad municipal finance and then providing a scheme for the model developed. To get the goal, 23 people are selected in Mashhad Municipalit MoreAbstract This study is to use a library and comparative analysis method for ranking the criteria affecting the optimal model in Mashhad municipal finance and then providing a scheme for the model developed. To get the goal, 23 people are selected in Mashhad Municipality officials and economic experts to complete the questionnaire. The data are analyzed based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice software. Finally, after weighting and ranking the criteria and decision options, a funding desired pattern is provided for Municipality of Mashhad in three Macro, medial and local levels. The results represent that renovation tax, building and land tax (except municipal consolidation taxes), value- added tax and the costs of utilities, are respectively the most important policy priorities on the stabilization of municipal revenues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Dynamic Efficiency-Wage Model with Real Business Cycle
seyed fakhr aldin fakhrhoseiniThe purpose of this paper is to examine the cyclical consequences of Efficiency Wage theory when changing the workers efforts based on Dynamic Real Business Cycle model by using the data collected during 1966-2014. The equations are estimated through oleic approach (199 MoreThe purpose of this paper is to examine the cyclical consequences of Efficiency Wage theory when changing the workers efforts based on Dynamic Real Business Cycle model by using the data collected during 1966-2014. The equations are estimated through oleic approach (1999) as a space-state model in MATLAB context. The results represent that the increase of efforts variability to efficiency wage consideration causes the variables like production, consumption, labor and employment rate react less to technology shock. According to this model, higher level of workers efforts will lead to the increase of employment rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Evaluation of The Effect of Increasing Oil World Price on PPI and CPI in Iran by Using Input-output Approach
M. S. M. M. Pourmehr Abstract The crude oil and its products as main resources of the production have main role in the setup of the world countries economy. So, the change of oil price has great impact on the production and consumption costs, and then changes goods and services pri More Abstract The crude oil and its products as main resources of the production have main role in the setup of the world countries economy. So, the change of oil price has great impact on the production and consumption costs, and then changes goods and services prices. This paper investigates the effects of oil world price changes through imports price index on goods price and domestic services indices by using VAR models and the data of the years 1980-2014 via input-output table of the year 2006 in Iran. The results obtained upon three scenarios (10, 20 and 30 percent of oil world price increase indicate that, PPI will rise 11%, 21.8%, 32.4% and CPI 9.3%, 18.5%, 27.4% in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Identification of Industrial Investment Priorities in Iran with Emphasis on Value-Added Growth
Mehdi Rezaee Khalil Heidari Parisa YaghobiThe purpose of this paper is to identify the priorities of investment in manufacturing activities in Iran, which would lead to more value-added growth. To do it, the production function of 92 manufacturing activities of the country at the level of the four-digit ISIC co MoreThe purpose of this paper is to identify the priorities of investment in manufacturing activities in Iran, which would lead to more value-added growth. To do it, the production function of 92 manufacturing activities of the country at the level of the four-digit ISIC code estimated by the data panel method in econometrics for the period 1996-2013. Then by calculating the elasticity of the production to the capital level in these industries and the effect of the capital changes on the value-added of them, the prioritizing has been done. The results show that industrial mining sectors and their downstream manufacturing activities in Iran would create more value-added via one unit investment than other manufacturing activities. These activities are important for the country, because they process the country's mineral products and convert them into more value-added products, and the findings of this paper emphasize the importance of the investing in these industries. Based on the results, it is recommended that investment should be targeted in industrial mining sectors and their downstream manufacturing activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Designing an Optimal Resource Allocation Model in Iran's Banking System
ali asghar movahed asghar abolhasani mohamad hosin porkazemi yeghane mosavi jahromiThe aim of this paper is to model allocation of resources based on a stochastic dynamic optimization model in the banking system of Iran. To this end, using the bank level data by the Euler-Marviam simulation method, simulation of resource allocation model and optimal a MoreThe aim of this paper is to model allocation of resources based on a stochastic dynamic optimization model in the banking system of Iran. To this end, using the bank level data by the Euler-Marviam simulation method, simulation of resource allocation model and optimal allocation time Resources were obtained numerically over the course of the 24-month period. The results showed that important variables such as expected rate of profit, profit risk and fluctuation of each type of facility have a significant impact on their share. Also, the findings show that whatever the expected profit of the facility increases and the risk and fluctuation of it decreases, it will account for more share of the various types of facilities. Based on the results, the specialized entry of banks to participatory facilities and increase their share is proposed to increase profitability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - The Effects of Mining Sector and Mining Industries Development on Government Revenue and Income of Households in Iran
davoud behboudi mohammad mehdi barghi oskoee Robab Mohammadi khaneghahiAbstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of an increase in the investment and productivity of the mining sector on government revenue and income of households in Iran. For this respect, a dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model and socia MoreAbstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of an increase in the investment and productivity of the mining sector on government revenue and income of households in Iran. For this respect, a dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model and social accounting matrix (SAM) for Iran for year 1390 is used. The results showed that increasing in mining sector investment and improving its total factor productivity positively affected government revenue and income of households in both urban and rural groups. The results also reveal that the development in the mining sector in Iran has the least effect on the income of rural households and the most effect on income of urban households. Based on the results, it is necessary for policymakers to adopt policies to increase investment and improve the total factor productivity of the mining sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - The Effective Factors on Iran's Tea Supply (Case Study: Gilan Province)
Mahsa Lobabi Mirghavami shahriar nessabian saeed yazdaniThe purpose of this paper is estimation of the effective factors on tea supply in Gilan province by using time series data during 1981-2011 in the form of nerlove model. According to the results, explanatory variables of the model could describe 97 percent of dependent MoreThe purpose of this paper is estimation of the effective factors on tea supply in Gilan province by using time series data during 1981-2011 in the form of nerlove model. According to the results, explanatory variables of the model could describe 97 percent of dependent variable (product supply) changes. The results show that the guaranteed price index of green tea leaf with elasticity 0.81 has more sensitive. In addition, tea supply with a lag and having elasticity 0.60, as well as, technology with elasticity 0.14 are the most effective factors on tea supply. Due to the elasticity coefficient of tea imports and the amount of rainfall, which are -0.024 and 0.029 respectively, these two variables did not affect the tea supply significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Investigating the Economic and Welfare Effects of the Water Market: A Positive Mathematical Programming Model Approach
fatemeh esmaelnia balagatabi ahmad sarlak hadi ghaffariIn this study, the aim is to identify the economic and welfare effects of forming the water market in the Varamin region. Changes in the area under aquaculture, gross profit in two situations (water market and lack of water market) during 2011-2016 were calculated and c MoreIn this study, the aim is to identify the economic and welfare effects of forming the water market in the Varamin region. Changes in the area under aquaculture, gross profit in two situations (water market and lack of water market) during 2011-2016 were calculated and compared using GAMS software and positive mathematical programming model. The results show that the establishment of the water market would have a positive and incremental effect on the gross profit of farmers in the region. Also, Cultivation of crops such as wheat, rice, barley, cucumber and potatoes, tomatoes and garlic has been more profitable and more crops can be planted. Based on the results, it is suggested that the government provide private-sector participation through investment and financial incentives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Impact of Fiscal Policy Shocks on Cyclical and Structural Budget Balance in OPEC Member Countries
marzieh dindarrostami Shamsollah Shirinbakhsh Zahra AfshariAbstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of fiscal policy shocks on the actual, cyclical and structural budget balance in OPEC countries during the period 1980-2015. For this purpose, by separating the budget balance into two cyclical and structural MoreAbstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of fiscal policy shocks on the actual, cyclical and structural budget balance in OPEC countries during the period 1980-2015. For this purpose, by separating the budget balance into two cyclical and structural variables, using the Panel Structural Vector Auto Regression approach, which it presented in Pedroni (2013), as well as separation structural shocks into two common and idiosyncratic shocks among OPEC countries, the effect of fiscal policy is examine. Regarding the results, the effect of expenditures fiscal policy on the actual and structural budget has been positive and the effect of tax policy has been negative in theory. Based on the results, the need to pay attention to automatic stabilization and the use of monetary policy to deal with economic problems, rather than applying discretionary fiscal policy, are advisable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - The Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry Competitiveness: Evidence from Manufacturing Industries of USA, U.K & Canada
somaye azami mojtaba almasi afsaneh golmohammadiThis study investigates the effects of environmental regulations on manufacturing industries of the selected OECD countries (USA, U.K & Canada) using Porter Hypothesis (PH) and structure- conduct- performance- Paradigm (SCPP) during 1970-2013, by regarding to simult MoreThis study investigates the effects of environmental regulations on manufacturing industries of the selected OECD countries (USA, U.K & Canada) using Porter Hypothesis (PH) and structure- conduct- performance- Paradigm (SCPP) during 1970-2013, by regarding to simultaneous equations, and considering interoperability among market elements.Pollution Abatement Capital Expenditures (PACE) and environmental innovations are substitute variables for environmental regulations and competitiveness subsequently. The results show that increased industries expenditure to reduce emissions significantly increases their innovations and this proves Weak Porter Hypothesis (WPH) indicating positive impact of environmental regulation on competitiveness of the industries. Therefore, environmental regulations promote not only environmental quality, but also improve the industries competitiveness. The results, also, confirm the view that environmental policies are a win-win strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Economic Modeling of Agricultural Water Resource Management in Tehran Province with Emphasis on the Role of Water Market
Abolfazl Mahmoudi Abozar ParhizkariIn present study the formation effects of local and regional water markets in Tehran province were investigated and the potential of water transfer under water scarcity conditions in this province were analyzed. For this purpose, an economic modeling including positive MoreIn present study the formation effects of local and regional water markets in Tehran province were investigated and the potential of water transfer under water scarcity conditions in this province were analyzed. For this purpose, an economic modeling including positive mathematical programming (PMP) model and state wide agricultural production (SWAP) functions were used. The results showed that with establishment of the local and regional water markets in Tehran province; in addition to creation the balance between supply and demand of irrigation water and equilibrate the water trading between the studied regions, total irrigated lands 7/41% and total farmers’ gross profit 9/27% are increased. Finally, due to the supportive and constructive role of local and regional water markets, providing the required grounds to establishment and optimal use of this type of mechanism in Tehran province and other regions of the country where have shared water resources are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Comprehensive Biophysical-Economic Modeling of Climate and Agriculture (Case Study: Roodshour Watershed)
Abouzar Parhizkari gholamreza yavari abolfazl mahmoodi gholamreza bakhshi khanikiIn this study using panel dataset (combining the time series data related to the climatic variables of rainfall during 1986-2016 and the cross sectional data related to the base year 2015-2016) the comprehensive biophysical-economic modeling of climate and agriculture i MoreIn this study using panel dataset (combining the time series data related to the climatic variables of rainfall during 1986-2016 and the cross sectional data related to the base year 2015-2016) the comprehensive biophysical-economic modeling of climate and agriculture in Roodshour watershed basin was studied. In order to achieve the applied results, modeling is done by combining two parts of the biophysical (the products yield estimation model) and the economic (positive mathematical programming model) under mild, moderate and severe testing scenarios and with advanced programming in the GAMS 24.7 software environment. The results show that after year 2001, behavioral pattern of rainfall climate variable was accompanied with a decreasing trend in the Roodeshoor basin. With occurrence of the climate change resulting from rainfall reduction under mild, medium and intense scenarios, the available water resources decreased 5/75 to 13/8 percent, agricultural products decreased 3/60 to 8/54 percent and farmers' gross profit decreased 2/71 to 8/04 percent. But the economic value of irrigation water increases 5/13 to 12/7 percent ratio to base year. Finally, in order to protection of the water resources in the Roodeshoor basin and coping with the effects of climate change, Redetermination of the rate of water charge to farmers on the basis of equality consideration, fallow-lands and equipping farms to modern irrigation systems were proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Analysis of Home Market Effect: with Emphasis on Foreign Trade behavior Iran’s Manufacturing Sector
ali falahati mojtaba almasi yahya goliAbstract The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the home market effect hypothesis on Iran's industry. Accordingly, International Standard Industry Classification (ISIC) two‐digit data of the Iranian industry sector and five major trading partners from 2001 to 2014 MoreAbstract The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the home market effect hypothesis on Iran's industry. Accordingly, International Standard Industry Classification (ISIC) two‐digit data of the Iranian industry sector and five major trading partners from 2001 to 2014 and the general equilibrium model with the assumption of incomplete competition have been used. The estimation results showed that the home market effect on the total industry has been confirmed. The results also showed that home market effect was positive in 17 out of 21 studied sectors. Therefore, the expansion of domestic demand in various industrial sectors with protectionism of competitiveness along with the strengthening of intra-industry trade with similar demand structure countries can provide a platform for better penetration in international markets and lead to sustainable growth of industrial exports in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Evaluating the Effectiveness of Research Activities in Islamic Azad University Branches by Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
naghi shoja mohammad hosein darvish motevaliAbstract Given that the mission of Research Department of all universities and research institutions is to write and edit the research activities and develop or produce new sciences and change it into new technology, the evaluation of their research performance is ver MoreAbstract Given that the mission of Research Department of all universities and research institutions is to write and edit the research activities and develop or produce new sciences and change it into new technology, the evaluation of their research performance is very important. In this paper, the performance of the research department in selected branches of Islamic Azad University is measured and compared in 3 periods during 2010-2013 by using without input model of DEA. So, 5 important research indicators are determined and considered based on DEMATEL technique. The Performance of the branches are calculated by a without input model of DEA and GAMS software and then ranked by Anderson-Peterson ranking method. During the first period, 4 branches including Takestan, Karaj, Firouzkouh and Varamin are efficient. During the second period, 5 branches Parand, Takestan, Roudehen, Karaj and Firouzkouh are efficient and at last, 4 branches are highly efficient during third period, naming Parand, Takestan, Qazvin and Firouzkouh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Optimal Budget Modeling for Technical and Vocational Training Organization
zarir negintaji akbar zamanzadehAbstract Technical and Vocational Training Organization considers the improvement and promotion of financial resource efficiency as one of the main strategies to implement a comprehensive system of skills and technology across the country. Therefore, the identification MoreAbstract Technical and Vocational Training Organization considers the improvement and promotion of financial resource efficiency as one of the main strategies to implement a comprehensive system of skills and technology across the country. Therefore, the identification of influential factors in the financial resource allocation is very crucial for policy makers and managers in the organization. This is the main objective of this research. Statistical society includes all provincial departments of vocational training used in this study during 2012-2013. The methodology is based on Panel Data.The results represent allocating financial resource to vocational and technical training centers in provinces should consider five influential variables, namely unemployment, educational commitment, number of instructors and staffs, and finally, number of workshops. This means that the allocation of financial resources in provinces must be done according to the coefficients %15, %26, %30, %28 and %4 respectively, based on unemployment rate, responsible training hours, number of instructors, number of administrative staffs and number of workshops. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Study of Relationship between Food Security with Urban Population and Development Plans in Iran
jalal salemThe purpose of this study is investigating the food security among the Iranian's urban households and effective factors involved for the period of 1983 to 2011. For this purpose, time series pattern used for evaluating the effective factors. The results showed that duri MoreThe purpose of this study is investigating the food security among the Iranian's urban households and effective factors involved for the period of 1983 to 2011. For this purpose, time series pattern used for evaluating the effective factors. The results showed that during the period the food security of urban households had an increasing trend. Despite the enhancement of food security among urban households, 5.1 percent of the urban population received less than necessary calorie level in 2011. The effect of the percentage of urban population on urban households' food security index has been negative, although not significant at an appropriate level. The lag variable of aggregate food security index changes on growth of aggregate food security index in the next year will be negative, so that increasing in one unit growth of food security index in one year; its growth will be decreased by 0.008 units in the next year. According to the results, the index stability and keeping its increasing trend should be considered as a priority in the future development plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - The Effect of Information and Communication Technology on Health Economics
saeedeh karimzadegan parvaneh salatinAbstract The main objective of this paper is to analysis the impact of Information & Communication Technology)ICT( on the health economics among the selected middle-income countries. The results of fixed effects andGeneralized Method of Moments (GMM) models i MoreAbstract The main objective of this paper is to analysis the impact of Information & Communication Technology)ICT( on the health economics among the selected middle-income countries. The results of fixed effects andGeneralized Method of Moments (GMM) models in the period of 2000-2015 imply that; Mobile cellular subscriptions and the internet have significant and positive effects on the Health expenditure, in private sector among selected countries. If the Mobile cellular subscriptions and internet increased by one percent, Health expenditure in private will be increased 0.136928 & 0.032519 percent in average respectively. Based on the results, it is recommended that appropriate application of modern technologies should be culturalized through education for households, and also in schools and universities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - Recognizing the Periods of Developing and Collapsing Multi-Price Bubbles in Housing Market: Case Study of Tehran City
Roozbeh Baloonejad noori hamzeh safariAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the development and collapse of price bubbles of housing market in Tehran by the data of housing rents, land price during 1995:Q1-2014:Q1. Based on the critiques to the common methods of evaluating the price bubbles MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the development and collapse of price bubbles of housing market in Tehran by the data of housing rents, land price during 1995:Q1-2014:Q1. Based on the critiques to the common methods of evaluating the price bubbles and the possibility of happening more than one bubble in the time period under consideration, in this study, Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey–Fuller is used. By this method, it is possible to determine the development and collapse periods of price bubble in addition to test multiple bubbles,. The results represent that in the period under review, the ratio of price - rent as an indicator of return on assets, has no rational price bubbles. However, by the abruptly and explosively changing in defining the price, there will be a price bubble in housing during 3 periods including 2001:Q1- 2002:Q1, 2004:Q1- 2004:Q2, 2006:Q2- 2007:Q2 and 2006:Q2-2007:Q2 and so in land real prices during 3 periods including 2000:Q2-2001:Q2, 2006:Q2-2007:Q2 and 2012: Q1-2013:Q2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - The Effect of Good Governance on Human Development in Islamic and OECD Countries
S. N. Makiyan M. BibakAbstract Development is one of the most important goals in all countries. So, all countries try to achieve economic freedom, democracy, elimination of poverty and then economic development. Human Development approach considers the people as the real resources of any co MoreAbstract Development is one of the most important goals in all countries. So, all countries try to achieve economic freedom, democracy, elimination of poverty and then economic development. Human Development approach considers the people as the real resources of any country. In this research, it is tried to analyze the impact of good governance on Human Development Index in Islamic selected countries and OECD selected countries during 2005-2012 by using FGLS regression technique. To get the goal, some control variables are also selected for the model. The results represent that, in OECD countries, there is a significant positive relation between good governance and economic freedom and human development. However, in Islamic countries, there is not significant relation between these two variables in human development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Impact of Technological Progress and Efficiency Changes on the Productivity Growth of Iran Agriculture Sector: Data Envelopment Analysis
mahdi salarieh Amir Mohamadi Nejad Reza MoghaddasiThe aim of this paper is to study the impact of technological progress and efficiency changes on the productivity growth of Iran agriculture sector by separated provinces.So, by using Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist model, the impacts of technological and effici MoreThe aim of this paper is to study the impact of technological progress and efficiency changes on the productivity growth of Iran agriculture sector by separated provinces.So, by using Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist model, the impacts of technological and efficiency changes during 2005-2014 have been investigated. The results show that efficiency changes on the productivity growth has dominant role and technological changes share is less. The findings, also, showed that the impact of labor changes has a positive impact on productivity growth while capital changes have a negligible impact on the factors of production productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - Analyzing the Effects of Fiscal Decentralization and its Environmental Consequences in Iran Provinces
Azad Khanzadi maryam heidarian Sara MoradiAbstract This study analyzes fiscal decentralization policies and its environmental consequences, during the period 2005-2015. The results of GMM estimation show that revenue decentralization has negative and significant relationship with pollution. Also other variables MoreAbstract This study analyzes fiscal decentralization policies and its environmental consequences, during the period 2005-2015. The results of GMM estimation show that revenue decentralization has negative and significant relationship with pollution. Also other variables results indicate positive relationship between industrialization and energy productivity with pollution. By increasing the relative density of population, pollution is reduced. The results of Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis also indicate rejection of this hypothesis. In addition, presence of multiplication of the neighboring matrix in dependent variable causes an increase in pollution in the provincial level and this indicates the spatial environmental effects in the country's provinces. It is suggested that local governments determine their own financial resources, in this case it can be targeted and based on new revenue resources such as green economy, it can define businesses that which they reduce pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - Impact of Misery Index on Health Spending in Iran
abolfazl shahabadi mahya Ghorbani GolparvarHealth is one the main indicators of development and investment affecting directly on welfare and economic growth.The most important factors affecting economic growth are the labor, physical capital and human capital.Health is an indicator of human capital leading to an MoreHealth is one the main indicators of development and investment affecting directly on welfare and economic growth.The most important factors affecting economic growth are the labor, physical capital and human capital.Health is an indicator of human capital leading to an increase in labor productivity and thus economic growth.So, health expenditure is introduced an investment in human capital. One of the main challenges in health sector is to identify the factors determining the amount of resources devoted by a country to health care. The misery index is one of these factors.The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of misery index on health expenditure in Iran during 1971 to 2011.The results represent that there is a significant negative relationship between misery index and health expenditures.According to estimations, the government size estimated coefficient, urbanization rate and per capita income have a significant positive effect and education estimated coefficients and income inequality have a significant negative impact on health expenditure in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - Relationship between Capital Structure and Financial Performance by Concentrating on Business Cycles: An analysis of Debt/Stock-nexus Firms
yaser momeni taheri somaye sadeghiThis paper investigates the relationship between capital structure and financial performance for firms listed in Tehran stock market, by concentrate on the macroeconomic condition. In this order, we divided the firms to two groups by considering their financing Patterns MoreThis paper investigates the relationship between capital structure and financial performance for firms listed in Tehran stock market, by concentrate on the macroeconomic condition. In this order, we divided the firms to two groups by considering their financing Patterns, including firms that main share of their financing is through stock (the stock-nexus) and firms that main share of their financing is through debt (the debt-nexus). The GMM results show that capital structure has a negative and significant effect on firm performance. Of course, this negative effect is greater for the debt- nexus firms. Also, the happening of economic recession intensifies the negative effects of capital structure on performance in the debt-nexus firms. It means that at economic recession circumstances, the stock-nexus firms have better performance than the debt- nexus firms. Hence, we suggest that firms should apply more stock in their financing patterns to keep them in facing of economic recession. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Determination of The Price Transmission Mechanism in Shrimp Market of Iran (Application of Bivariate GARCH Model)
ali akbar baghestani reza rahimiAbstract The main objective of this paper is determination of the price transmission mechanism in shrimp market of Iran by using bivariate GARCH model. The monthly data during 1380:1-1394:4 was used. The results indicated that the rate of change in retail prices is part MoreAbstract The main objective of this paper is determination of the price transmission mechanism in shrimp market of Iran by using bivariate GARCH model. The monthly data during 1380:1-1394:4 was used. The results indicated that the rate of change in retail prices is partially causes changes in wholesale prices. So that one unit increase in the retail price index would increase less than one unit (0.2 units) Wholesale Price Index. Therefore, the price transmission in shrimp market is imperfect. The result of Houck method indicated that price transmission in the shrimp market is asymmetric and, speed of transmission in increasing price is more than decreasing prices. Therefore, according to the policy of reforming Shrimp imperfect market, the government must attended to non-price supporting Policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - Impact of Fleet Renovation on the Productivity of Iran’s Road Transportation Industry
farhad khodadad kashi samaneh nourani azad bahareh ghanbari The main purpose of this article is to evaluation the impact of fleet renovation on productivity of Iran’s road transportation industry. To meet this ends the data of the Iranian road transportation and the capital-embodied technical progress g More The main purpose of this article is to evaluation the impact of fleet renovation on productivity of Iran’s road transportation industry. To meet this ends the data of the Iranian road transportation and the capital-embodied technical progress growth model were used during 1353-1393. The results of capital inventory and labor coefficients showed that the return to scale in the Iran’s road transportation was constant. Also, in this sector, new investment and renovation increased moreover the average age of the fleet reduced and it has resulted to the growth rate of qualitative capital and productivity increased. Therefore, in Iran's road transportation, the direct relationship between fleet renovation and productivity is confirmed. So, the use of superior technology equipment and the replacement of fleets by new and advanced fleets are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - The Usefulness of Voluntary Disclosure to Investors' Judgment
mohsen hamidian zohreh hajiha nafise taghizadeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the usefulness of voluntary disclosure based on the macro components of the International Accounting Standards Board and the judgment of investors in the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the usefulness of voluntary disclosure based on the macro components of the International Accounting Standards Board and the judgment of investors in the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2011 and 2015. To this end, 127 companies were selected using systematic elimination sampling method and tested using the Mechelli, Cimini and Mazzocchetti model. A checklist to measure the voluntary disclosure of companies with five dimensions of business nature, goals, business strategies, resources, risks and communications, results of company operations and performance measurement criteria was used. The findings show that, in general, voluntary disclosure of the main components of the business model provides a higher value relation than the limited disclosure components. Based on these findings, it is suggested that corporate executives with more attention to these indicators provide more precise conditions for users of financial statements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Investigating Heckscher-Ohlin Theory in Iran-Germany International Trade: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach
sara pandazmay seyed Abdolmajid Jalaee Mohsen Zayandeh RoodiAbstract The study of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory is crucial for countries seeking comparative advantage, taking into account the production methods and technology of these countries. Iran also needs to develop a model for the production and export of goods, as well as i MoreAbstract The study of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory is crucial for countries seeking comparative advantage, taking into account the production methods and technology of these countries. Iran also needs to develop a model for the production and export of goods, as well as imports of materials and goods, in order to develop and develop its trade relations with Germany. To achieve this, the effect of the relative abundance of labor and capital on the exports of both countries of Iran and Germany is studied in the form of a computable general equilibrium model and the use of the GTAP software. The results of various scenarios show that in the sectors of agriculture, industry and mining, services and oil and gas, which indicate the sectors of oil and non-oil exports in the economy of Iran and Germany, exports of services and industry and mining sectors, respectively, have the greatest effect on economic growth of both Country has Accordingly, it is proposed to accelerate the economic growth in both countries by focusing on strengthening non-oil exports, with emphasis on industrial and service exports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - Real Business Cycles Model with Habits Formation: A Resolution of the Equity Premium Puzzle
Seyed Fakhreddin FakhrhoseiniIn economic literature, habits formation has been succeed in reproducing some of the historical financial information and it can simplify the difficulties pertaining to simulating financial markets variables and business cycles. The aim in this paper is investigating pe MoreIn economic literature, habits formation has been succeed in reproducing some of the historical financial information and it can simplify the difficulties pertaining to simulating financial markets variables and business cycles. The aim in this paper is investigating performance of habits formation while inseparability between consumption and leisure. The data are related to the constant prices in 1383 and annually from 1966 to 2014. So, the variables were been detrended after taking logarithm of the variables by using Hodrick- Prescott filter. The final model equations have been specified around the linearized stabled situation through the Ohlig (1999) approach for linearized stochastic equations, in the form of a space-state model in Matlab programming. The results show that adding habits formation parameter can increase the Sharpe ratio or no risky asset fluctuations and inseparability between consumption and leisure can help explain the equity premium puzzle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - The Persistence of Inflation in Iran: A Fractionally Integrated Approach
hosein amiri aliasghar salem marjaneh beshkhorThe aim of this paper is to analyzing the persistency of inflation in Iran by using a general approach, with the goal of providing a plausible and acceptable explanation. For this, the inflation rate of Iran in period 1937-2016 and on the base of fractionally integrated MoreThe aim of this paper is to analyzing the persistency of inflation in Iran by using a general approach, with the goal of providing a plausible and acceptable explanation. For this, the inflation rate of Iran in period 1937-2016 and on the base of fractionally integrated (FI) approach was modeled and in the later phase inflation memory parameter has been estimated by using classic methods (the Geweke and Porter-Hudak semi parametric method nonlinear least squares, exact maximum likelihood, and a minimum distance estimator) and Bayesian methods. The results of the estimation in both methods show that the inflation rate in Iran is stable. Stability of inflation rates has important implications for policy-making, especially monetary policy, so that due to the impact of economic shocks on inflation, its effects will be last for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to policy makers identify the major sources of distorting inflation, including dependence on oil resources, no attention to the role and function of the reserve fund, the government budget deficit, central bank dependence and the existence of structural problems and consider appropriate approaches in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - Investigating the Effects of Governmental Expenditure Shock on Gross Domestic Product Growth in Iran: ARDL Approach
jafar haghighat nazila moharam joudiThe aim of this paper is investigating the effects of governmental expenditure shock on GDP in Iran’s economy. In order to achieve this aim, at first, the model of effective factors on governmental expenditure has been explained, and governmental expenditure MoreThe aim of this paper is investigating the effects of governmental expenditure shock on GDP in Iran’s economy. In order to achieve this aim, at first, the model of effective factors on governmental expenditure has been explained, and governmental expenditure shock is captured by the model residuals. Then the model of effective factors on GDP is estimated from 1971 to 2014. In estimating the models, autoregressive distributed Lag (ARDL) approach has been used. According to the results, the effect of governmental current expenditure on GDP is not significant. But lagged government expenditure shock has a positive and significant impact on GDP. Error correction term is negative and significant, and indicates that when a shock occurs, 12 percent of short term imbalance is adjusted each period, to reach the long term equilibrium. It is purposed to government not to increase own expenditure, since this can cause an inverse relationship between government expenditure and GDP and it reduces economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - Customers' Credit Risk Evaluation Using LINMAP Analysis (A Case Study on an Iranian Commercial Bank)
Seyed Ali Naji Esfahani Mohammad Ali RastegarAbstract The aim of this paper is evaluation and forecasting of credit risk of the companies that were applied for a loan in a commercial bank in Iran. So, by using cross-section random sampling by having 75% of total data as an in-sample and 25% as out-sample and also MoreAbstract The aim of this paper is evaluation and forecasting of credit risk of the companies that were applied for a loan in a commercial bank in Iran. So, by using cross-section random sampling by having 75% of total data as an in-sample and 25% as out-sample and also by using LINMAP model, financial statements and their performance in the bank were investigated during 1389-1393. The results indicate the efficiency of the method for forecasting credit behavior of the bank's customers. Considering the method advantages including its independence to the companies' financial background and precision in forecasting relative to prevailing methods, it is recommended to use this method as input to researches for banks' credit portfolio management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - Analysis of Individual Features and Behavior Motivations in Charitable Giving; Economic Approach
Seyed hamed Hosseini Mostafa Salimifar seyed saeed malekosadatiThe key objective of this article is the test of the effect of individual characteristics in charity giving. The methodology based on descriptive researches and main tool for gathering data is questionnaire and to analyze the data R software is used. Sample include MoreThe key objective of this article is the test of the effect of individual characteristics in charity giving. The methodology based on descriptive researches and main tool for gathering data is questionnaire and to analyze the data R software is used. Sample include of 389 people, by proportional allocation in Regions in Mashhad.The results show that the women more than men, tend to do charitable behavior. Owners are more than tenants have charity behavior. There is significant relationship between the education background and doing charity activity. Among the income, age and employment with charitable activities is not a significant relationship. Finally, the results of mixed logit model indicate that individual motivations of charity behaviors namely altruism, warm-glow and Conspicuous Increases probability of giving, And the mean of coefficients of these variables are significant and positive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - Investigation Industrial Convergence in Iranian Provinces: Spatial Econometrics Approach (SDM)
Sara Masoumzade mehdi shirafkan lamssu Morteza SayareThe aim of present study is to identify the convergence of productivity in the provinces of Iran from 2007 and 2010. In order to evaluate, the researcher used the absolute and conditional beta convergence. With respect to the importance of the neighborhood effect in the MoreThe aim of present study is to identify the convergence of productivity in the provinces of Iran from 2007 and 2010. In order to evaluate, the researcher used the absolute and conditional beta convergence. With respect to the importance of the neighborhood effect in the study, the spatial economy method is used. The result shows that the absolute beta convergence has been approved and this coefficient has the numerical value 0.12.Thiscoefficientisstatistically significant. The conditional convergence coefficient is equal to 0.24, and the coefficient is statistically significant at the 1% level. The control variables in the conditional convergence included industrial diversification, industrial evenness, access to interstate road infrastructure, human capital. Industrial diversification and level of education have negative effect, and industrial evenness positive and access to the road infrastructure have positive effect on productivity convergence. Based on the results of the study it can be suggested that policy- makers and economic planners take more attention to the evenness industry based on the potential of each region Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - Separation and Computation of Relative Risk Aversion and Elasticity of Inter Temporal Substitution: Recursive Preferences and Dynamic Programming Approach
reza roshanAbstract The aim of this paper is separation and calculation of the relative risk aversion and elasticity of inter temporal substitution (EIS) by combining the recursive preferences and budget constraint of the consumer. For this mean,at the first, asset portfolio was MoreAbstract The aim of this paper is separation and calculation of the relative risk aversion and elasticity of inter temporal substitution (EIS) by combining the recursive preferences and budget constraint of the consumer. For this mean,at the first, asset portfolio was constituted for Iranian households and by using of the GMM approach and utility function, Euler equations investigated for during the 1357-1393. The results of different models indicate that there is no reciprocal relation between of two parameters and Iranian households tend to stabilize and smooth consumption at different states and times. Based on the results, development of financial markets will be on the agenda of planners, so that small-scale households’ capital can be led through such markets to rebuild the country's infrastructure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - Investigation of Convergence of Income Distribution in Iran`s Provinces
Sara Masoomzadeh mehdi shirafkan lamssu Mojtaba MohamadnejadiAbstract The present study is done to consider convergence in income distribution in Iranian provinces from 1996 to 2014 using convergence methods of Nahar and Inder and checking convergence of each province compared to the country's average Gini coefficient. The result MoreAbstract The present study is done to consider convergence in income distribution in Iranian provinces from 1996 to 2014 using convergence methods of Nahar and Inder and checking convergence of each province compared to the country's average Gini coefficient. The results show that convergence or divergence for Gini coefficient vary from province to province and in more than half of provinces there is no Gini coefficient convergence towards the average. Among the provinces that converge to average, Bushehr has the highest rate of convergence and Golestan province also has the lowest rate of convergence to the average Gini coefficient. In order to achieve the convergence of income distribution among the provinces of the country, politicians are recommended to put in place price adjustment and efficient use of capital on the agenda for divergent provinces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - The Home Market Effect on Exports and Manufacturing Products in Iran
Rahman Saadat Esmaeil Abounoori Saeed Rasekhi mohammad reza mardaniAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the home market effect in the monopolistic competition market in Iran. The home market effect was investigated in 12 industries based on ISIC two-digit classification published provincially by the Iranian Statistics MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the home market effect in the monopolistic competition market in Iran. The home market effect was investigated in 12 industries based on ISIC two-digit classification published provincially by the Iranian Statistics Center for the period 2001 to 2013. Results show that home market effect exist only in the industry of "production of motor vehicles, trailer and semi-trailer". Therefore, high demand for the products of this industry can lead to exports. In other industries, relatively high demand for the products of these industries in country will generally lead to be a net importer of these goods. Based on the results, investment in the industry, which has the home market effect, is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - The Study of Exchange Rate Dynamics in Iran by Using Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Models
mojtaba asghari ali haghighat masoud nonejad Hashem zareThe purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of exchange rates and the role of monetary and financial policies. For this purpose, we use a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) for a small open economy during the period of 1990-2016. The results show tha MoreThe purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of exchange rates and the role of monetary and financial policies. For this purpose, we use a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) for a small open economy during the period of 1990-2016. The results show that in different scenarios there are signs of Dutch disease as a weakening of the trade sector, the strengthening of the non-trade sector, the increase in prices in the trade sector, the reduction of prices in the commercial sector and the reduction of the real exchange rate. Based on the results, active financial policies are recommended to control exchange rate fluctuations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - Thematic Classification of Riddles in Layzangan of Darab Based on Deep Structure
Hassan RanjbarLayzangan is a mountainous village with semi-cold climate of Darab suburb located in Fars province and their inhabitants speak with somehow Luri dialect. In the following research, the author has collected and recorded riddles of Layzangani dialect via field interview a MoreLayzangan is a mountainous village with semi-cold climate of Darab suburb located in Fars province and their inhabitants speak with somehow Luri dialect. In the following research, the author has collected and recorded riddles of Layzangani dialect via field interview and discussion and he has classified them according to their deep structures. This study had a great number of results including the following: (1) the majority of the riddles include educational and human sciences, with the ultimate goal of educating teenagers and young adults and among this group of riddles more attention had been paid to religious issues. (2) According to the geographical location and culture of the people in this village, the native elements had a very dynamic role in many riddles of this dialect (3) The lyrical riddles used in this dialect came from other dialects and accents (4) The structure and arrangement of words in some riddles of this village seemed to be offensive at the first glance; however, when the essence was unfolded, this suspicion was resolved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - Detection Of Brain Tumors From Magnetic Resonance Imaging By Combining Superpixel Methods And Relevance Vector Machines Classification (RVM)
Ebrahim Akbari Mehran EmadiThe production of additional cells often forms a mass of tissue that is referred to as a tumor. Tumors can disrupt the proper functioning of the brain and even lead to the patients' death. One of the non-invasive diagnostic methods for this disease is Magnetic Resonance MoreThe production of additional cells often forms a mass of tissue that is referred to as a tumor. Tumors can disrupt the proper functioning of the brain and even lead to the patients' death. One of the non-invasive diagnostic methods for this disease is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The development of an automated or semi-automatic diagnostic system is required by the computer in medical treatments. Several algorithms have been used to detect a tumor, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In the present study, an automatic method has been developed by the combination of new methods in order to find the exact area of the tumor in the MRI image. This algorithm is based on super pixel and RVM classification. The algorithm used in the super pixel method is the SLIC algorithm, which calculates for each super pixel 13 statistical characteristics and severity. Finally, an educational method introduced from the RVM classification algorithm that can detect the tumor portion from non-tumor in each brain MRI image. BRATS2012 dataset and FLAIR weights have been utilized in this study The results are compared with the results of the BRATS2012 data and The overlap coefficients of Dice, BF score, and Jaccard were 0.898, 0.697 and 0.754, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - Recognition of Motor Imagery Based on Dynamic Features of EEG Signals
Negar Dashti Mahdi KhezriThe control of artificial limbs can be done by distinguishing the patterns of imagined movement using the EEG signals. The aim of this study was to identify hand and foot imagery movements based on EEG signals. The Iva dataset of BCI Competition III, which includes EEG MoreThe control of artificial limbs can be done by distinguishing the patterns of imagined movement using the EEG signals. The aim of this study was to identify hand and foot imagery movements based on EEG signals. The Iva dataset of BCI Competition III, which includes EEG signals from 5 healthy individuals in C3, C4 and CZ channels, was used to design the imagery movements detection system. Initially, the basic components of EEG signal noise were removed using the MSPCA method. In the next step, the EEG signals were decomposed in two different ways including frequency filtering using the Butterworth filter and the wavelet packet transform (WPT). In this study, the detrended Fluctuation Analysis, Fractal dimension, Correlation dimension, Lempel-ziv complexity and Entropy as nonlinear dynamics features, were calculated for the signals. In both decomposition methods, the desired features were calculated for the temporal version of the specified subbands. In order to determine the best performance of the system, different combinations of the channels and the features were evaluated. The wavelet-based decomposition method, in the case of using all three channels and five features, provided the highest recognition accuracy; So that using support vector machine (SVM) classification method, the accuracy of 93% was obtained in identifying the desired movements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - Improve of Human Reliability by Identifying and Evaluating Potential and Actual Roots of Maintenance Team Errors in the Power Transmission Grids
Mehdi Tavakoli Mehdi NafarHuman life and the economy of a country are becoming more and more dependent on electricity. However, events that occur due to various factors in the power grids, affect the quality of electrical energy delivered to subscribers. The human error of maintenance teams is o MoreHuman life and the economy of a country are becoming more and more dependent on electricity. However, events that occur due to various factors in the power grids, affect the quality of electrical energy delivered to subscribers. The human error of maintenance teams is one of the most important causes of automatic outputs of electrical equipment. Human error, in addition to the economic consequences of not transiting electrical energy due to equipment outages, may also cause health damage to personnel. The purpose of this study is to propose a method for analyzing the human reliability of maintenance teams in power transmission grids, which has been implemented as a case study on power transmission grids teams in Fars. The first step is to identify the roots of human error. So far, no comprehensive studies have been conducted on the root causes of human error in power transmission grids. Therefore, in this article, the actual and potential roots of various aspects such as organization, individual moods, supervision, etc. are identified and predicted in the framework of the method of human factors analysis and classification system. Then, a method is proposed to estimate the probability of the root event to use its results to prioritize the necessary control and corrective measures to reduce human error. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - Speech Emotion Recognition Using a Combination of Transformer and Convolutional Neural networks
Yousef Pourebrahim Farbod Razzazi Hossein SametiSpeech emotions recognition due to its various applications has been considered by many researchers in recent years. With the extension of deep neural network training methods and their widespread usage in various applications. In this paper, the application of convolut MoreSpeech emotions recognition due to its various applications has been considered by many researchers in recent years. With the extension of deep neural network training methods and their widespread usage in various applications. In this paper, the application of convolutional and transformer networks in a new combination in the recognition of speech emotions has been investigated, which is easier to implement than existing methods and has a good performance. For this purpose, basic convolutional neural networks and transformers are introduced and then based on them a new model resulting from the combination of convolutional networks and transformers is presented in which the output of the basic convolutional network is the input of the basic transformer network. The results show that the use of transformer neural networks in recognizing some emotional categories performs better than the convolutional neural network-based method. This paper also shows that the use of simple neural networks in combination can have a better performance in recognizing emotions through speech. In this regard, recognition of speech emotions using a combination of convolutional neural networks and a transformer called convolutional-transformer (CTF) for RAVDESS dataset achieved an accuracy of %80.94; while a simple convolutional neural network achieved an accuracy of about %72.7. The combination of simple neural networks can not only increase recognition accuracy but also reduce training time and the need for labeled training samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - Semantic Document Image Classification Based on Valuable Text Pattern
Hossein Pourghassem Mohammad sadegh Helforoush Sabalan DaneshvarKnowledge extraction from detected document image is a complex problem in the field of information technology. This problem becomes more intricate when we know, a negligible percentage of the detected document images are valuable. In this paper, a segmentation-based cla MoreKnowledge extraction from detected document image is a complex problem in the field of information technology. This problem becomes more intricate when we know, a negligible percentage of the detected document images are valuable. In this paper, a segmentation-based classification algorithm is used to analysis the document image. In this algorithm, using a two-stage segmentation approach, regions of the image are detected, and then classified to document and non-document (pure region) regions in the hierarchical classification. In this paper, a novel valuable definition is proposed to classify document image in to valuable or invaluable categories. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on a database consisting of the document and non-document image that provide from Internet. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in the semantic document image classification. The proposed algorithm provides accuracy rate of 98.8% for valuable and invaluable document image classification problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
406 - A Novel Framework for Logo Detection and Recognition from Document Images
Hossein Pourghasem Amir Salar JafarpishehLogo detection and recognition module is a vital requirement in official automation systems for document image archiving and retrieval applications. In this paper, we present a novel framework for logo detection and recognition based on sequential segmentation and class MoreLogo detection and recognition module is a vital requirement in official automation systems for document image archiving and retrieval applications. In this paper, we present a novel framework for logo detection and recognition based on sequential segmentation and classification strategy of document image. In this framework, using a two-stage segmentation algorithm (consisting of wavelet-based and threshold-based segmentation algorithms) and hierarchical classification by two multilayer Perceptron (MLP) classifiers and a k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier, a document image divides to text, pure picture and logo candidate regions. Ultimsately, in final decision, class of logo candidate region is determined based on pre-defined classes. In the hierarchical classification and logo recognition stages, the best feature space is selected by forward selection algorithm from a perfect set of texture and shape features. The proposed structure is evaluated on a variety and vast database consisting of the document and non-document images with Persian and international logos. The obtained results show efficiency of the proposed framework in the real and operational conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - Genotyping of Escherichia coli O157: H7 strains isolated from raw ruminant and poultry meat samples by RAPD-PCR
Mandana Lotfi Hassan Momtaz Elahe TajbakhshEscherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the most important enteric pathogenic strains that is usually transmitted to humans through contaminated water and food. These strains cause hemorrhagic colitis, HUS syndrome, cytopenic purpura thrombosis, and, in some cases, death. Th MoreEscherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the most important enteric pathogenic strains that is usually transmitted to humans through contaminated water and food. These strains cause hemorrhagic colitis, HUS syndrome, cytopenic purpura thrombosis, and, in some cases, death. The main repository of these bacteria is ruminants. The aim of this study was genetic classification (genotyping) of isolates of this strain isolated from raw meat and poultry by RAPD-PCR method. 344 samples of ruminants and poultry were collected from fresh meat supply centers in Isfahan and Shahrekord. Genetic classification of O157:H7 isolates was performed by the RAPD-PCR method. Of 344 raw meat samples studied, 202 Escherichia coli isolates (58.7%) were isolated. The rate of O157: H7 strain was 17.8% (36 samples). Genetic classification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates showed 9 different profiles among these 36 isolates and found an affinity of 43.7 to 100% among the isolates. This study showed high molecular similarity between E. coli O157: H7 strains isolated from different animals in Isfahan and Shahrekord. It was also found that RAPD-PCR is a simple, fast, and inexpensive method for describing the genetic diversity of different E. coli strains including strain O157:H7. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - Application of ERIC-PCR method for genetic classification of campylobacter strains isolated from raw milk
GholamReza Banisharif Mohammad Hosein Marhamatizadeh Hassan MomtazIntroduction and purpose: Campylobacter species are one of the most important pathogens causing bacterial gastroenteritis, which are generally transmitted through food of animal origin. The present study was conducted with the aim of genetic classification of Campylobac MoreIntroduction and purpose: Campylobacter species are one of the most important pathogens causing bacterial gastroenteritis, which are generally transmitted through food of animal origin. The present study was conducted with the aim of genetic classification of Campylobacter isolated from raw milk of cows, sheep and goats in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Methods: 43 isolates of Campylobacter isolated from raw milk of cows, sheep and goats in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces were selected and confirmed by ERIC-PCR method. Results: The studied isolates revealed banding patterns ranging from 100 to 2000 open pairs, which were further classified into 5 main profiles with a similarity coefficient of simple matching at a similarity level above 80%. Except for 100% affinity which was observed in 1 case, other isolates had genetic affinity between 54% and 98%. Conclusion: The placement of the studied isolates in several subgroups showed the acceptable discrimination power of the ERIC-PCR technique in Campylobacter genotyping and the presence of different sources of contamination of dairy products with this pathogen. ERIC-PCR method is a simple, fast and low-cost method to describe the genetic diversity of different Campylobacter strains, including Campylobacter jejuni and coli strains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - یک رویکرد تحلیل پوششی داده ها و داده کاوی برای ارزیابی عملکرد
علیرضا علینژاددر این مقاله یک مدل تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) به همراه Bootstrapping برای ارزیابی عملکرد یکی از الگوریتم های داده کاوی ارائه شده است. ما از یک فرایند دو مرحله ای برای تحلیل بهره وری عملکرد شعبه های بیمه در یک مطالعه موردی استفاده نمودیم. ابتدا، با استفاده از یک مدل DEA، Moreدر این مقاله یک مدل تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) به همراه Bootstrapping برای ارزیابی عملکرد یکی از الگوریتم های داده کاوی ارائه شده است. ما از یک فرایند دو مرحله ای برای تحلیل بهره وری عملکرد شعبه های بیمه در یک مطالعه موردی استفاده نمودیم. ابتدا، با استفاده از یک مدل DEA، در این مطالعه بهره وری هجده واحد تصمیم گیری (DMUها) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. با استفاده از یک شاخص مالم کوئیست، DEA نمرات بهره وری را مشخص می سازد، اما نمی تواند جزئیات عوامل مؤثر بر پسرفت و پیشرفت بهره وری را ارائه کند. مدل پیشنهادی یک فناوری ورودی محور شعاعی با متغیر پنهان جدید را پیشنهاد کرده و همزمان ورودی ها و خروجی های غیرمطلوب را در یک برنامه نویسی خطی چند هدفه کاهش می دهد. از سوی دیگر، درخت طبقه بندی و رگرسیون به DMU اجازه می دهد تا قوانین را برای کشف و کاوش اطلاعات معنادار و پنهان از پایگاه های داده وسیع استخراج کند. نتایج یک سری قوانین را ارائه می کنند که سیاست گذاران می توانند برای کشف دلایل پیشرفت و پسرفت بهره وری های DMUها استفاده نمایند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - Classification of literary Arts
Amin YaghoobiRhetoric in Persian literature has always been dependent on the three skills of expression, originality and meaning. It is obvious to everyone that it is the use of these literary Arts that transforms language into literature. However, we cannot ignore this fact that al MoreRhetoric in Persian literature has always been dependent on the three skills of expression, originality and meaning. It is obvious to everyone that it is the use of these literary Arts that transforms language into literature. However, we cannot ignore this fact that all literary works mentioned in ancient rhetorical texts do not have the same quality. Many of these works are far from literary value, and they cannot be considered literary based on the same attitude of ancient rhetoricians. This research aims to determine which literary Arts can have literary value in terms of quality and which ones lack value. The method of this research is analytical and descriptive, and its statistical collection is generally three books: Turman al-Balagha, Hadaiq al-Sahr fi Daqayq al-Shaar, Al-Mu'ajm fi Ma'ayir al-Ajm poems. Based on this research, literary elements are divided into four categories: first grade, second grade, intermediate elements and inactive Arts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - Recognition of Hereford and Simmental Cattle Breeds via Computer Vision
M.I. Yeşil S. Göncü -
Open Access Article
412 - An Improved K-Nearest Neighbor with Crow Search Algorithm for Feature Selection in Text Documents Classification
Ali Allahverdipour Farhad Soleimanian Gharehchopogh -
Open Access Article
413 - An Improved Flower Pollination Algorithm with AdaBoost Algorithm for Feature Selection in Text Documents Classification
Hiwa Majidpour Farhad Soleimanian Gharehchopogh -
Open Access Article
414 - SRV: A Striking Model based on Meta-Classifier for Improving Diagnosis Type 2 Diabetes
Razieh Asgarnezhad -
Open Access Article
415 - Deep Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Image Classification via Low Rank Representation Learning
Yeganeh Madadi Vahid Seydi Reshad Hosseini -
Open Access Article
416 - A Novel Approach to Feature Selection Using PageRank algorithm for Web Page Classification
Farhad Rezvani Farhad Soleimanian Gharehchopogh -
Open Access Article
417 - Simultaneous Classification and Traction of Moving Obstacles by LIDAR And Camera Using Bayesian Algorithm
Masrour Dowlatabadi Ahmad Afshar Ali Moarefianpour -
Open Access Article
418 - NSE: An effective model for investigating the role of pre-processing using ensembles in sentiment classification
Razieh Asgarnezhad Amirhassan Monadjemi -
Open Access Article
419 - Intrusion Detection System in Computer Network Using Hybrid Algorithms (SVM and ABC)
Bahareh Gholipour Goodarzi Hamid Jazayeri Soheil Fateri -
Open Access Article
420 - RISE Feedback Control Design for RLED Robot Manipulator Using Bees Algorithm
Behnaz Hadi Alireza Khosravi Abolfazl Ranjbar N. Pouria Sarhadi -
Open Access Article
421 - A New Approach in Persian Handwritten Letters Recognition Using Error Correcting Output Coding
Maziar Kazemi Muhammad Yousefnezhad Saber Nourian -
Open Access Article
422 - Building Semantic Kernel for Persian Text Classification with a Small Amount of Training Data
Amir H. Jadidinejad Venus Marza -
Open Access Article
423 - Presenting a Real Time Method for Automatic Detection of Diabetes Based on Fuzzy Reward-Penalty System
Najmeh Hosseinpour Mohammad Mosleh Saeed Setayeshi -
Open Access Article
424 - Classification of Sonar Targets Using OMKC, Genetic Algorithms and Statistical Moments
Mohammad Reza Mosavi Mohammad Khishe Ehsan Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
425 - On the Determination of the Development Level in Counties of Ardabil Province
Jafar Jafarzadeh hashem rostamzadeh mohammad hasanitabarThe use of quantitative methods and criteria for the classification of human settlements in the spatial system of regions, on the one hand led to the recognition of inequality of settlements and on the another hand is the criteria for effort to reduce and eliminate the MoreThe use of quantitative methods and criteria for the classification of human settlements in the spatial system of regions, on the one hand led to the recognition of inequality of settlements and on the another hand is the criteria for effort to reduce and eliminate the inequality among them. In order to solve the problems of regional imbalance, the first step of recognition, is the classification of the regions in terms of enjoyment of different facilities.In this study, eight indicators were used to evaluate the development's degree of counties of Ardabil province by TOPSIS analysis. The method is descriptive and analytical.In this classification, Khalkhal county by 0.72 of development's factor has the highest degree of development and Bilehsavar by 0.07 has the lowest degree of development in Ardabil province. Based on this research center- around pattern is dominated on the spatial structure of the Ardabil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - -Spatial Analysis of Facilities and Tourism Services with Emphasis on Spatial Planning Case Study: Zanjan, Tarom. Masoulele Tourism Axis
Mohammadjavad Abbasi jila Sajjadi Ali Abdollahi Mohammadtaghi RazavianSpatial structure and desirability of access to tourism facilities and services play an important role in the extent of tourism attraction and the sustainable and balanced development of a tourism axis. The aim of present study is investigating the components of the spa MoreSpatial structure and desirability of access to tourism facilities and services play an important role in the extent of tourism attraction and the sustainable and balanced development of a tourism axis. The aim of present study is investigating the components of the spatial structure governing the tourism axis of Zanjan.Tarom. Masouleh, analyzes structural barriers and facilitators in implementing spatial planning. This research is an applied research. The data collection method is field and library methods. Data analysis using qualitative content analysis techniques, copras technique and GIS software with Inverse Distance Weighted spatial analysis (IDW) model. The findings of the study show that the spatial structure of this axis involves structural barriers and external forces , also, have functional areas (potential and facilitators) to implement spatial planning that two urban centers of Zanjan with 89.6 and the first rank and Masuleh with the second 88.1 have a relatively favorable advantage in terms of resource capacity and accessibility of tourism services and facilities and the Shit-Walidar rural center is in the third rank with an average of 47.9 Tahm tourism center with 10.6 rank 4, Shirin Sou tourism center with 10.6 rank 5 and finally Shillander with 9.2 rank 6 which has poor utilization level and in other words, By basking in the center of their departure services and departments are reduced and spatial inequality of facilities and services in this tourism axis is due to the lack of spatial planning in tourism activities Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - The Analysis of Behavioral Habits of Travel Choice Mode in Tabriz Metropolis Transportation
Mohammad Reza Pourmohammadi Rasoul Ghorbani Mehdi AbdullahiTravel habits play a key role in choosing travel mode in a way that Structuring and guiding the user intentions based on the collective interests lead to an organic formation of urban transport planning capacities. The aim of this article is to identify the Permanent pa MoreTravel habits play a key role in choosing travel mode in a way that Structuring and guiding the user intentions based on the collective interests lead to an organic formation of urban transport planning capacities. The aim of this article is to identify the Permanent pattern in using private and public modes of transport, so the transport behavior of Tabriz can be planned. For this purpose, the cluster method has been used to classify travelers based on habit index or frequency of particular travel model. Methodology of the article is descriptive, analytical and survey. Data was collected in the form of questionnaires and obtaining comments in relation to public relocation in Tabriz. The samples were estimated randomly using Cochran formula for 1100 people in 166 traffic area of Tabriz as one-step cluster sampling, then analyzed through multivariate variance tests. According to research findings, seven patterns of travel choice mode were identified, among them, users with the ability to change the travel mode and public transport users are substantial clusters which show different behaviors and features compared to other clusters. Therefore, this idea is confirmed that different patterns of travel mode may be directed towards various methods for effective transport plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - The analysis and climate classification of mean total of necessary (heating and cooling) in Guilan realm emphatically on natural gas consumption
بهمن رمضانی زهرا کاظم نژادOne of the main parameters of climate determinant in every region is ''temperature'', that they estimate of needs will supplying by natural gas in cold season, that need to heating and cooling and it monthly and annual changes for household and on the other hand they cl MoreOne of the main parameters of climate determinant in every region is ''temperature'', that they estimate of needs will supplying by natural gas in cold season, that need to heating and cooling and it monthly and annual changes for household and on the other hand they climate classification is very important to calculation amount of natural gas consumption. In this research, mean total of HDD and CDD monthly, seasonal and annual in Guilan by using of HDD and CDD studiedly index according to temperature threshold between 18.3 to 23.9 °C calculation, drawing and were analyzed. Database included mean daily temperature and relative humidity for selected stations of Guilan during available statistical period. At first, from total of seasonal mean, present the total maps of seasonal necessary energy, and from total of annual mean, the total maps of annual necessary energy, too. Then, the region has been classified from viewpoint of heating, cooling and humidity factor and finally, calculating the cost of heating climate classifying according to necessary natural gas of a standard unit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - Ranking of Rate of The Development Parameters of Kermanshah Province Using HDI Model
moslem rostami javad daman bagh sajad naghdiNot only does the Human Development Index (HDI) show the strengths and weaknesses of the regions under study, it can also be regarded as a suitable base for reducing regional differences and additionally, awareness of the existing disparities among regions is MoreNot only does the Human Development Index (HDI) show the strengths and weaknesses of the regions under study, it can also be regarded as a suitable base for reducing regional differences and additionally, awareness of the existing disparities among regions is deemed as the most significant step for provision of appropriate strategies and increasing the success ratio of development methods and outside-in and inside-out planning. The present study aims to evaluate the deprivation and development pitch of the counties of Kermanshah province through calculating their Human Development Index (HDI) and displays them after classification. The required data was collected through library research and visiting the relevant organizations. The results of the study demonstrate that according to the HDI values of such counties as Salas-e Babajani with an index of 0.23, Dalahu with an index of 0.41, Jawanroud with an index of 0.48 and Qasr-e Shirin with an index of 0.49, it can be concluded that they are regarded as the deprived counties of town of Kermanshah with an index of 0.634, Islamabad-e Gharb with an index of 0.628 and kangavar with an index of 0.58 are ranked first, second and third in this respect respectively. Overall, HDI classification shows that out of a total of fourteen Counties based in Kermanshah, five of them are underdeveloped and the nine other counties are averagely developed. There are no developed Counties in Kermanshah province on the basis of indexes under study, which shows the priority of development as well as the necessity for attaching more significance to this province in respect of development plans in line with the integrated and sustainable developments in these regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - The OptimalLevel of ClassifiedofDevelopmentMethodsVillagesinGuilan
shahram AmirEntekhabiIdentifying various types of rural residences inGuilan and their categorizations serves as a base for rural development programs that can open ways to discover needs،capabilities، limitations and difficulties in villages and measure the level of development and deprivat MoreIdentifying various types of rural residences inGuilan and their categorizations serves as a base for rural development programs that can open ways to discover needs،capabilities، limitations and difficulties in villages and measure the level of development and deprivation in villages.Concerning physical and social-economic characteristics of Guilan villages، common models and methods for categorization of level of development cannot be easily used and followed.According to this،by classification of Guilan villages in terms of environmental and social-economic aspects and identification of the difficulties and capabilities of each group of villages at the natural level of their settlement (plain، foothill and mountain) and atthe level of official units (rural district and district), their development and privation level can be attained.In this research، by using and combining known scientific methodologies، we have tried to present an appropriate and optimum method for categorizing of villages and measuring the rate of their development. Relying on this method we have attempted to identify the main indexes of studying the rate of development or privation of Guilan villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - شناسایی گیاهان آپارتمانی بر اساس ویژگی های تصویری با کمک شبکه عصبی
نرگس قانعی قوشخانه عباس روحانی محمودرضا گلزاریان فاطمه کاظمیدر این مقاله سامانه بینایی ماشینی مبتنی بر شبکه عصبی برای شناسایی 12 گیاه آپارتمانی توسعه داده شد. از سامانه پردازش تصویر برای استخراج 41 ویژگی رنگی، بافتی و شکلی از تصاویر رو و پشت برگ گیاه استفاده گردید. ویژگی­های استخراج یافته به عنوان معیار تشخیص و و Moreدر این مقاله سامانه بینایی ماشینی مبتنی بر شبکه عصبی برای شناسایی 12 گیاه آپارتمانی توسعه داده شد. از سامانه پردازش تصویر برای استخراج 41 ویژگی رنگی، بافتی و شکلی از تصاویر رو و پشت برگ گیاه استفاده گردید. ویژگی­های استخراج یافته به عنوان معیار تشخیص و ورودی به شبکه عصبی داده شد. شبکه عصبی پرسپترون چند لایه (MLP) با الگوریتم آموزش، الگوریتم فاکتور کاهش نرخ یادگیری (BDLRF) به عنوان طبقه­بندی کننده استفاده گردید. طبقه­بندی در سه مرحله براساس قابلیت و قدرت ویژگیها در شناسایی گیاهان انجام شد. معیار قابلیت داشتن در هر مرحله با استفاده از قدرت تفکیک پذیری کلاسی گیاهان بررسی گردید. در این روش طبقه­بندی، هر مرحله نیاز به تعداد کمی از ویژگیها دارد؛ در نتیجه سرعت و دقت آن میتواند بسیار بالا باشد. نتایج نشان داد که دقت طبقه­بندی گیاهان در سه مرحله به 100% میرسد. همچنین ویژگیهای بهینه برای طبقه­بندی شامل سه مرحلهی ورودی از ویژگیهای موفولوژیکی (شکلی)، ویژگیهای رنگی HSI استخراج یافته از پشت برگ و ویژگیهای بافتی HSI استخراج یافته از پشت برگها میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - بررسی مقایسه ای روش های تاپسیس، تحلیل عاملی و اسکالوگرام برای سطح توسعه یافتگی روستایی (مطالعه موردی روستاهای شهرستان اسلامشهر)
سحر ده یوریمناطق روستایی به دلیل ارائه طیف گسترده­ای از مواد غذایی و مواد خام، از دیرباز نقش مهمی در اقتصاد جهان بازی می­کنند، که این نقش بخصوص در کشورهای درحال توسعه پررنگ­تر است. توسعه روستایی نیز بخش مهمی از سیاست ناحیه­ای است که کشاورزی، جنگلداری، مدیریت منابع Moreمناطق روستایی به دلیل ارائه طیف گسترده­ای از مواد غذایی و مواد خام، از دیرباز نقش مهمی در اقتصاد جهان بازی می­کنند، که این نقش بخصوص در کشورهای درحال توسعه پررنگ­تر است. توسعه روستایی نیز بخش مهمی از سیاست ناحیه­ای است که کشاورزی، جنگلداری، مدیریت منابع طبیعی، استفاده از زمین و تنوع اقتصادی در جوامع روستایی را پوشش می­دهد. هدف اصلی از این مطالعه به منظور بررسی سطح توسعه روستایی شهرستان اسلامشهر در ایران است. از آن­جایی که رتبه­بندی به روش­های مختلفی انجام می­شود، در این پژوهش، میزان اعتبار و امتیاز سطوح توسعه منطقه روستایی توسط TOPSIS بر پایه AHP ، تحلیل عاملی و اسکالوگرام اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که با در نظر گرفتن 35 معیار برای ارزیابی گزینه­ها، دسته­بندی در روش­های تاپسیس و تحلیل عاملی نتایج نزدیکی را نشان داد. هم­چنین به صورت کلی اسکولاگرام نیز نتایج بالا را تایید کرده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - Evaluation of Land Cover Changes Remote Sensing Technique (Case Study: Hableh Rood Subwatershed of Shahrabad Basin)
Khadijeh Abolfathi Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Mohammad Rezvani Mohammad NamdarThe growing population and increasing socio-economic necessitiescreates a pressure on land use/land cover. Nowadays, land use change detection using remote sensing data provides quantitative and timely information for management and evaluation of natural resources. This MoreThe growing population and increasing socio-economic necessitiescreates a pressure on land use/land cover. Nowadays, land use change detection using remote sensing data provides quantitative and timely information for management and evaluation of natural resources. This study investigates the land use changes in part of Hableh Rood Watershed of Iran using Landsat 7 and 8 (Sensor ETM+ and OLI) images between 2001 and 2013. Supervised classification was used for classification of Landsat images. Four land use classes were delineated including rangeland, irrigated farming and plantations land, and dry farming lands,urban. Visual interpretation, expert knowledge of the study area and ground truth information accumulated with field works to assess the accuracy of the classification results. Overall accuracy of 2001 and 2013 image classification was 81.48 (Kappa coefficient: 0.7340) and 87.04 (Kappa coefficient: 0.7841), respectively. The results showed considerable land cover changes for the given study area. Land cover change detection showed that in a period of 12 years, 277.57 hectaresof dry farming lands and 340 hectares of dense range have been lost. But, 341 hectares for low dense range, 280 hectares for semi dense range and 1.4 hectares for urban areas, have been added in area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - Engineering geology and engineering classification of rock masses in the site of Gharehpiri dam, NW of Shiraz
Godratolah Farhoudi Jafar Rahnamarad Ali Rahimi Babak Samani Afshin Karimi -
Open Access Article
435 - Engineering geological assessment of the Shahid dam site (Semirom, Iran)
Mojtaba Rahimi Shahid Fariba Kargaran bafghi Seyed Mehdi Moosavi Nima Rahimi -
Open Access Article
436 - USSL based Bonab’s groundwater quality experimental diagram for agricultural aims
Dariush Ahadi Ravoshti Ahmad Baybordi Leila Farjam Haji Agha -
Open Access Article
437 - Empirical stability classification of steeper slope design in Khoy Open-pit mining projects by using the SMR, Qslope and RMR methods
Mir Akbar Seyed Hamzeh -
Open Access Article
438 - DESIGN OF AN INTEGRATED IN-LINE TRACEABILITY AND ERP SYSTEM – A CASE STUDY APPROACH
Senthil Kumar M.M P Raghuram Naveen Kumar A -
Open Access Article
439 - Classification and properties of acyclic discrete phase-type distributions based on geometric and shifted geometric distributions
Mohsen Varmazyar Raha Akhavan‑Tabatabaei Nasser Salmasi Mohammad Modarres -
Open Access Article
440 - Earnings Management and Ownership Structure: Some Evidences from Companies listed in Tehran Securities Exchange
Seyedeh Mahboobeh Jafari Mahmood Bahramian Reihaneh LarijaniAccording to the agency theory, there exists a conflict of interests between managers and stockholders since their objectives are not necessarily in line. To manage earnings through accounting accrual is an example of managers’ deviation from interests of stockhol MoreAccording to the agency theory, there exists a conflict of interests between managers and stockholders since their objectives are not necessarily in line. To manage earnings through accounting accrual is an example of managers’ deviation from interests of stockholders which could undermine the credibility of financial reports and thereby, jeopardize the interests of stockholders and even disrupt the securities market. The ownership structure can, on the one hand, create incentives to earnings management and, on the other hand, limit it. In this article, it has been attempted to answer the question that whether any difference in the ownership structure or, in any sense of the word, ownership concentration leads to a change in earnings management. To this end, through empirical method and regression model, we have investigated the relationship between ownership concentration and earnings management in some companies registered in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2011 and 2012.Our study shows a meaningful and non-linear relationship between earnings management and some criteria of ownership concentration. Most important findings of our study, that could have a great impact on policymaking, suggest a non-linear relation between the percentage of free float shares of a company and the discretionary accruals of that company which could be diagramed as the English letter U upside down. Namely, first, an increase in the percentage of free float shares of a company raises the discretionary accruals. Then, as the free float shares exceeds the maximum level, further increase in this variable would result in a decrease in discretionary accruals. This is the issue that should theoretically be explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - Investigating the Relationship Between Interest Rate, Exchange Rate and Herding Behavior in TSE
Roya Darabi Hossein Rajabdorri manoochehr khoraminThe purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the interest rate, exchange rate and herding behavior in Tehran Stock Exchange. This research is applied to the target and its statistical society includes all companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exc MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the interest rate, exchange rate and herding behavior in Tehran Stock Exchange. This research is applied to the target and its statistical society includes all companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The studied period is 2012 to 2016 and the sample is 2055 daily views. To test the hypothesis of the research, regression method of least squares was used. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between exchange rate and interest rate with herding behavior in all cases of daily and weekly and all levels of 1%, 5%, and 10%. Also, the effect of interest rates and exchange rates on herding behavior is higher in the more limited periods (daily or weekly) and at the lower levels (1%, 5%, and 10%), and with increasing time intervals and disclosure, this herding is reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - Classification in Mystical Texts (The Case Study: Attarof Nishapur’s Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr and Khwaja Abdullah Ansari’s Manāzel al-Sāerīn)
Seyyedeh Zeynab Hoseini Mohsen AkbarizadehOne of the topics discussed in Sufi books is the dividing into stages and classification of spiritual journey (suluk). The history of dividing into stages of suluk is in line with the history of Islam, but among the Sufis, the prevalence of this dividing and classificat MoreOne of the topics discussed in Sufi books is the dividing into stages and classification of spiritual journey (suluk). The history of dividing into stages of suluk is in line with the history of Islam, but among the Sufis, the prevalence of this dividing and classification has been clear since the second century AH. From the very beginning of the spread of mysticism, differences between mystics about the classifications were seen, and even in the various writings of a mystic, these differences were visible. In this research, an attempt has been made to show the effective factors in the method of dividing into stages of suluk and to explain the reasons for these classifications. For this purpose, among the famous works of mystics, two important works - Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr by Attar of Nishapur and Manāzel al-Sāerīn by Khwaja Abdullah Ansari - have been selected and the method of classification of suluk have been compared in them by using the descriptive-analytical method. The results show that different mystical experiences, methods of suluk, types of Fiqhi (Islamic law) attitude and socio-political conditions have caused differences in dividing and classification of spiritual journey (suluk); and thus, differences in the method of naming, the order and number of spiritual stations, etc. have been formed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
443 - Development of piagetian classification operations in middle school students
Parirokh Dadsetan Jamileh Kalantari KhandaniThe development of classification operations among middle school students was examined. A random o-economic regions of Tehran were selected by multistage sampling and two piagetian classification operation tests were administ MoreThe development of classification operations among middle school students was examined. A random o-economic regions of Tehran were selected by multistage sampling and two piagetian classification operation tests were administered to them. Findings showed achievement rate of the final stage of classification operation and the cumulative frequency in the transitional stage; !re were no significant gender differences in these aspects of the tests. " # the $%& "& 'were lower than those of students of other $"& ' ( A comparison between Iranian students and their international counterparts revealed a three-year delay among Iranian students. This delay can be explained by the inadequacies and shortcomings of Iran’s formal education and school system in encouraging spontaneity among children. Keywords : classifica. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
444 - Evaluation of Drinking and Agricultural Water Quality in the North of Qazvin Plain's Springs
B. Talebi N. Sajjadi T. SharmadGroundwater is the most important source for various uses, including drinking and farming requirements. In Qazvin plain region the existence of these resources such as springs are very important for livelihood and consumption of the region’s population. In this st MoreGroundwater is the most important source for various uses, including drinking and farming requirements. In Qazvin plain region the existence of these resources such as springs are very important for livelihood and consumption of the region’s population. In this study, fifteen springs were sampled in 2013. The aim of this study was to evaluate water quality of springs in the north region of Qazvin plain for drinking and agricultural purposes. For this purpose, for classification of water quality for drinking water, the Water Quality Index (WQI) method and for agricultural water usages, Wilcox classification, sodium percentage and RSC was used. The results indicated that among springs evaluated, based on the WQI method, about 93 percent of them were categorized in good and excellent range and about 7 percent in poor range. Based on Wilcox classification, about 80 percent of samples were categorized in the range of low salt level suitable for agriculture (C2S1), and 20 percent were categorized as salty and should only be used when necessary(C3S1). The classification based on the percentage of sodium, showed that about 80 percent of the samples examined were in excellent, good and acceptable conditions and 20 percent were in uncertain status. Similarly, according to RSC rankings, about 93 percent had acceptable quality, and 7 percent had poor quality. In general, according to the results of classification of this study area, springs were suitable and favorable for drinking and farming purposes and a few need further monitoring and investigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - Habitat Classification of Hormuz Island Based on Surface Geological Structure
Nabiallah Kheirabadi Z. AnsariThis study was conducted to introduce and classify the costal habitats of Hormuz Island. In the initial survey, the natural and anthropogenic features of the coastline were recorded by GPS and then seven stations were designated. The results showed that the coast line i MoreThis study was conducted to introduce and classify the costal habitats of Hormuz Island. In the initial survey, the natural and anthropogenic features of the coastline were recorded by GPS and then seven stations were designated. The results showed that the coast line is divided into three main geological substrate types: rocky-sandy (52%) with total of 19.76 km length of coastline, rocky and muddy, with 40% (15.2 Km) and 8% (3.04 Km) of total coast line, respectively. Furthermore, all the coastline’s and station’s geomorphologies were surveyed independently and 20 different coastline habitats were identified. The results also showed that, Hormuz Island shoreline is divided into north and south major substrates because of sedimentation activities. The main hard substrate is located in the south coasts and the main soft substrate is located in the north. Shoreline habitat’s opportunities and threats were investigated and the results indicated that, the sensitive coastline habitats in this island require management, control and biological assessments under a purposeful management plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - Costal classification of Chabahar coast from the viewpoint of coastline interaction using empirical methods
K. Lari S.M. ShahrokhiClassification of coasts entails a general knowledge of the coasts, regarding the characteristics of the waves, tide, sediment and morphodynamics. Chabahar port is very important from the viewpoint of oceanography, political and economical issues. In this research, by u MoreClassification of coasts entails a general knowledge of the coasts, regarding the characteristics of the waves, tide, sediment and morphodynamics. Chabahar port is very important from the viewpoint of oceanography, political and economical issues. In this research, by using Non-dimensional parameters, reactions of the coastline have been investigated according to the hydrodynamic circumstances, in three stations in Chabahar bay, using field measurements reported by Iranian Ports and Coastal Engineering Organization, from 1992 to 2002, using three methods of Hanson, Hayes and Masselink and Short. Results showed that the tide was semi-diurnal with an average tide range of 2.83 meters, the dominant wave direction was towards southwest, wave break was turbulent and sediment aggregation was fine. In the next stage, using empirical methods the situation of the coast was determined, using Hanson method it was wave - tide, whereas by the classification of Hayes it was a tide dominated (low) and by Masselink and Short classification it was low tide bar in most of the months and in some months ultra-dissipative beaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - Improvement of Face Recognition Approach through Fuzzy-Based SVM
Amir Hooshang Mazinan لیلا یار محمدی -
Open Access Article
448 - A Novel Method Based on Support Vector Machines to Classify Bank Transactions
Melika Tojjari Razieh Farazkish -
Open Access Article
449 - A Linear Discriminant Analysis based Modulation Recognition Method for Linear Modulations
Mohamad Reza Ahvaraki Seyed Ali Ghroashi Behrad Mahboobi -
Open Access Article
450 - Sleep stages classification based on deep transfer learning method using PPG signal
Mohammad Moradi Mohammad Fatehi Hassan Masoumi Mehdi Taghizadeh -
Open Access Article
451 - Motor Signal Intelligent Processing in Huntington Disease Diagnosis
Mohammad Karimi Moridani Soroor Behbahani Sepeideh Asadikia -
Open Access Article
452 - Parallel Shared Hidden Layers Auto-encoder as a Cross-Corpus Transfer Learning Approach for Unsupervised Persian Speech Emotion Recognition
Yousef Pourebrahim Farbod Razzazi Hossein Sameti -
Open Access Article
453 - Deep Learning Method for Sleep Stages Classification by Time-Frequency Image
Mohammad Moradi Mohammad Fatehi Hassan Masoumi Mehdi Taghizadeh -
Open Access Article
454 - A novel method based on a combination of discrete wavelet transforms, group-based Sparse and tensor decomposition for Heart Sound Classification
Shirin Razmi Ramin Barati Hamid Azad -
Open Access Article
455 - Civil liability of classification institutions in Iranian law Looking at international court cases
zahra eliasy Masoud shirani dawood nassiranField and Aims: Classification institutions play an important role in relation to the insurable nature of a ship. This issue is referred to as the private duty of rating agencies. Legal systems have a different approach to the issue of civil liability in the above issue MoreField and Aims: Classification institutions play an important role in relation to the insurable nature of a ship. This issue is referred to as the private duty of rating agencies. Legal systems have a different approach to the issue of civil liability in the above issue. On this basis, in this research, we will examine the issue of what is the position of the civil responsibility of classification institutions in Iranian law and international conventions?Method: This research was carried out in terms of practical purpose and in terms of gathering information by documentary method and through the study of valid laws and sources, and the obtained information was analyzed in a descriptive-analytical manner.Finding and Conclusion: Those who believe that there is no civil responsibility for the classification institutions believe that the institutions only have the duty to provide advice and suggestions and have no guarantee for their performance, and the duty of the institutions is only to provide standards according to legal and international standards, and their compliance is also It is the owner's responsibility. But on the opposite point, the legal systems that gave absolute civil responsibility to institutions considered the duty of said institutions to be more than giving advice, and according to the contractual relationship that exists for institutions, they are like standardization organizations that have the duty of instilling rules and regulations between They know the international rules of work safety at sea and environmental protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
456 - .Application of Meta-Heuristic Algorithms in Predicting Financial Distress using intra-corporate (Financial and non-financial) and Economic Variables (Grasshopper Optimization and Ant Colony Algorithms)
فریدون مرادی احمد یعقوب نژاد آزیتا جهانشاد. Abstract The purpose of this study is investigating the capability of Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) in more accurately predicting the financial distress by-using intra-corporate (financial and non-financial) and economic variables. The method of this rese More. Abstract The purpose of this study is investigating the capability of Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) in more accurately predicting the financial distress by-using intra-corporate (financial and non-financial) and economic variables. The method of this research is improving the performance of the basic model of Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (ANN-MLP) by-using a hybrid model with GOA (MLP-GOA) and Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (MLP-ACO). The statistical research population of companies active in Tehran Stock Exchange during a 7-year period (from 1391 to 1397) included 476 companies, and finally, after systematic elimination, there were 289 qualified companies (including 2023 observation year-company). Checked and screened. The results showed the ability of ANN-MLP model to predict financial distress by-using financial and non-financial variables, and in addition the hybrid models (MLP-GOA and MLP-ACO) had been improved this ability. The accuracy of the MLP-GOA model for the year t, year t-1and year t-2 (before financial distress occurs), respectively are 97.30%, 94.53% and 91.30% that higher than the accuracy of the basic model and the hybrid MLP-ACO model. Although, entering the economic variables has increased the capability of all models significantly but the results showed that the financial distress is more affected by intra-corporate variables and the effect of economic variables has already been considered through the effect on financial events recorded in the accounting system. The results of this study can be used by company managers, banks and rating and credit institutions, insurance companies, financial analysts, investors and investment companies in assessing the risk of financial distress to make appropriate decisions and actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
457 - ارزیابی شکست بازار در انعکاس ناکارایی زیستمحیطی (مطالعه موردی: بازار خودروهای متداول در ایران
مجید احمدیان زهرا عابدی حمیدرضا غفارزاده الهه کاشف -
Open Access Article
458 - Explaining the effect of psychology in the form of behavioral economics on social responsibility reporting of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
صمد طالبی انزاب محمدرضا مهربان پور حسین جهانگیرنیا بهمن بنی مهدAbstractThe behavior of the employees of the organization and their personality and social psychology have implicitly has a tremendous impact on various organizational and national equations and in a wider context on global respects and modern human have chosen differen MoreAbstractThe behavior of the employees of the organization and their personality and social psychology have implicitly has a tremendous impact on various organizational and national equations and in a wider context on global respects and modern human have chosen different moral standards than in the past and show special behaviors based on them . The purpose of this study is to explain the effect of personality and types of social psychology on formation of corporate social responsibility reporting.This research is based on a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) method. Therefore, the quantitative part of the research, was done by distributing questionnaire among the statistical community, which included 225 experts, managers and psychologists that all of them were accounting and psychology experts and company managers. Data analysis was performed based on descriptive and inferential statistical methods through SPSS software version 23, Amos software, Microsoft Excel. In qualitative part, content analysis technique have been used.According to the results of interviews with 15 experts, it can be said that 210 factors in explaining the impact of personality and social psychology types in the formation of corporate social responsibility reporting, each in the form of different factors in the formation of corporate social responsibility reporting It is effective.The results show that personality and social psychology have a positive and significant effect on the formation of social responsibility reporting. And social responsibility reporting is a strategic management task that encourages organizations to plan for, maintain, and care for long-term change in the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
459 - Analyzing Structural Change between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in the Selected Oil Exporting Countries (1980-2010)
سید کمیل طیبی zahra zamani mostafa rajabi atyee azimiAbstract Energy is known as an important and strategic input among natural resources in which its effect on economic growth is not deniable. A deep investigation of the relationship between energy consumption and growth could help policy makers to conduct effective and MoreAbstract Energy is known as an important and strategic input among natural resources in which its effect on economic growth is not deniable. A deep investigation of the relationship between energy consumption and growth could help policy makers to conduct effective and sustainable policies in the energy section of oil producing and exporting countries. However, this relationship could be volatile sometimes in the presence of structural changes. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate such structural changes between energy consumption and growth to avoid misleading policies in these economies. This study examines any structural change of the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the selected oil exporting countries, such as Algeria, Colombia, Equator, Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway, Venezuela and Iran, during 1980-2010. This has been done by using co-integration and Chaw tests via a panel data approach. The results confirm a structural change between oil consumption and economic growth in the oil exporting countries during the mentioned period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
460 - A Survey of Fractal Market Hypothesis with the Markov Regime change model in the Tehran Stock Exchange
یعقوب محمودی فریدون رهنمای رودپشتی شادی شاهوردیانی حمیدرضا کردلویی مهدی معدنچی زاجThe aim of this study is to test the Fractal Market Hypothesis with the Markov regime change model in the Tehran Stock Exchange.One of the concepts in the efficient market is whether the financial time series has long-term memory and fractal properties or not. Given the MoreThe aim of this study is to test the Fractal Market Hypothesis with the Markov regime change model in the Tehran Stock Exchange.One of the concepts in the efficient market is whether the financial time series has long-term memory and fractal properties or not. Given the characteristics of the capital market, which is always faced with random shocks and leads to fluctuations in this market, it is necessary to examine the fractal characteristics of the market.In this paper, the amount of long-term memory and stability of financial time series resulting from the total stock market index for the period 2009-2019 were examined. For this purpose, first, the existence of long-term memory was examined, and then the fractal nature of the market was examined using the Harst view index. The results indicate the existence of long-term memory in this variable. In this case, with one differentiation, it becomes more differentiated, so the stock price index series in Iran has long-term memory and the effects of each shock on this variable due to its long-term memory remain for long periods. The results also showed that the overall stock market index is fractal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
461 - پیچیدگی صادرات غیر نفتی و سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی )مطالعه موردی کشورهای درحال توسعه با تاکید بر ایران
مهدی تقوی یوسف حسن پور کار سالاری -
Open Access Article
462 - مقایسه قدرت پیش بینی منحنی فیلیپس کینزین جدید هایبریدی و مدل ARIMA از تورم
زهرا افشاری مرضیه بیات -
Open Access Article
463 - The Application of GMDH Neural Network Approachin Forecasting the Price of Soybean Meal in Merchendis Stock Exchange
علی اکبر باغستانی سعید یزدانی مجید احمدیانAbstract Livestock and poultry industry has depended much on soybean meal. This dependence has led to fluctuations in the price of this product and therefore, forces market participants to follow the sensitivity and accuracy. These fluctuations created serious concerns MoreAbstract Livestock and poultry industry has depended much on soybean meal. This dependence has led to fluctuations in the price of this product and therefore, forces market participants to follow the sensitivity and accuracy. These fluctuations created serious concerns about the supply and price of soybean meal. So, this study, using monthly and weekly data of Soybean prices in the exchange market, tried to forecast soybean price. So Soybean Meal price has predicted with neural network GMDH algorithm and ARIMA. The results based on the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MPAE) showed that the GMDH algorithm, has a better ability to predict the price accurately. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
464 - Macroeconomic Uncertainty and Investment Decisions of Banks
حافظ نیکخو تیمور رحمانی فرزانه خلیلیAbstractIn times of uncertainty, the planning, decision-making and policy-making process in all sectors of the economy is disrupted due to the impossibility of predicting the future. The present study seeks to investigate the uncertainty effects of macroeconomics on inv MoreAbstractIn times of uncertainty, the planning, decision-making and policy-making process in all sectors of the economy is disrupted due to the impossibility of predicting the future. The present study seeks to investigate the uncertainty effects of macroeconomics on investment decisions of Iranian banks over a 15-year period (2004-2018) using the seasonal data of 15 domestic banks experimentally. For this purpose, first the generalized conditional variance of inflation, exchange rate, economic growth rate and oil price indicators is estimated and then the effect of their average weight as an uncertainty indicator of macroeconomics on banks' investment decisions is identified by panel data method. Our empirical results show a significant relationship between banks' credit portfolio variation and macroeconomic uncertainty. In other words, as the macroeconomic uncertainty and banks' inability to predict their rate of returns on different assets increase, they allocate less resources to risky assets and more resources to safe assets. Also, there is a significant relationship between bank's specific risk and its investment decision. In other words, as the variance of bank's specific indices increase, the dispersion of risky assets in bank's portfolio increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
465 - Role of Psychological Prejudice on Financial Satisfaction of Investors: Evidence from Investors in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mehrdad Nemati Saman Rahmani NowruzabadAbstract The Purpose of This Study was to Identify the Effect of Psychological Bias on Financial Investors' Satisfaction in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this field of research, in order to collect data field method and standard questionnaire were used. The validity of que MoreAbstract The Purpose of This Study was to Identify the Effect of Psychological Bias on Financial Investors' Satisfaction in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this field of research, in order to collect data field method and standard questionnaire were used. The validity of questionnaire was checked by experts. In the next step, the reliability of the questionnaire was investigated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results confirm that the questionnaire has the necessary reliability. The statistical population of this research is real investors in Tehran Stock Exchange. Considering that the number of the statistical population is unlimited, the desired sample size of 384 people was randomly selected using Cochran's formula and investigated. In order to Investigate the Relationship Btween the Variables of Research, Structural Equation Modeling Technique and LISREL Software have been used. Good Fitting Indicators Such as RMSEA, GFI, and AGFI Indicate Good fit of the Model and the Usability of the Results. The Results show That the Effect of Excessive Self-confidence, Reliance on Financial Experts, Tendency to Classify Money, Tendency to Budgeting, Tendency to adapt, Social Responsibility, Reliance on Spouse and Self-control on Positive Financial Satisfaction and Meaningful Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
466 - Analyzing the impact of private banks on Economic growth in Iran
قرشاد مومنی عباس شاکری جواد طاهرپور بهنام عزتی اختیارEconomists have always emphasized the impact of financial development on production and economic growth; therefore, promoting financial development through governmental banks privatization and allowing private banks to be established, has been one of the main growth str MoreEconomists have always emphasized the impact of financial development on production and economic growth; therefore, promoting financial development through governmental banks privatization and allowing private banks to be established, has been one of the main growth strategies in different countries. However, the results are different in countries. In Iran, after negative consequences which emerged from banking sector nationalization, government decided to allow private banks to be founded in order to eradicate the problems created by governtmental banks. In order to evaluate the impact of private banks performance on economic production and growth in Iran, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique has been used based on seasonal data form 1382-1394. The study indicated that the impact of financial development has been positive on economic production and growth, which means promoting financial development and facilitating financing procedures, has resulted in production increase. However, regarding private banks and their impact on economic growth, its needed to mention that in line with increasing their market share of financing in Iran, the production has decreased. The main reasons for this phenomenon are toxic assets in private banks balance sheets, accumulated government debts, financing speculative sectors in the economy, managing lots of companies and involvement in speculative markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
467 - Portfolio Optimization of Listed Industries in Tehran Stock Exchange using Orthogonal GARCH
sahar abedini esmaiel abounoori Gh. Reza Keshavarz HaddadAbstract The development of financial markets and the stock market play an essential role in economic development. Considering that financial markets are always associated with risk and uncertainty, and shocks and turbulence in one market affect other markets, therefor MoreAbstract The development of financial markets and the stock market play an essential role in economic development. Considering that financial markets are always associated with risk and uncertainty, and shocks and turbulence in one market affect other markets, therefore, one of the main objectives of this research is to identify the type of distribution of financial series (stock returns of different industries) and estimate their uncertainty and risk (turbulence), determining the weight of stocks in the investment portfolio, as well as accurately identifying how the volatility changes and the intensity of correlation and interactions between the stocks of different industries over time in order to maximize the interests of investors and provide the necessary solutions to planners and policy makers Investors are for managing and developing the stock market.In order to optimize, statistics related to the weekly price index data of selected industries (mass housing, banks and credit institutions, chemical, automotive, pharmaceutical and basic metals) have been used. For this purpose, using orthogonal GARCH model and weekly data of stock price index of different industries in the period March 27, 2010 and January 18, 2021, the elements of the variance-conditional covariance matrix were estimated, Then, the stock portfolio was optimized using the obtained information and the distribution of general hyperbolic (GH) skewed t, in the framework of the static and dynamic classical Mean-Variance model as well as the static Mean-CVAR model. The results of fitting (estimation) of the data distribution show that the return distribution of the price index of the studied industries follows the distribution of the general hyperbolic skewed t; Based on the dynamic classical mean-variance model, the highest weight in the stock portfolio in the study period was related to the pharmaceutical (0/6336) and chemical industries (0/3539), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
468 - Application of Threshold-based Filtered Networks in Stock Portfolio Selection and Performance Evaluation
Marzieh Noorahmadi Hojatullah SadeghiAbstract Network analysis is one of the methods of attention of analysts to analyze complex relationships in data in an intuitive way. One of the applications of network analysis is illustrating the relationships between different classes of assets. Identifying stock m MoreAbstract Network analysis is one of the methods of attention of analysts to analyze complex relationships in data in an intuitive way. One of the applications of network analysis is illustrating the relationships between different classes of assets. Identifying stock market dynamics is essential for actors, investors, and financial policymakers. The stock market is considered a complex system that shows its complex dynamics. The complexity of the stock market can have several reasons that the interdependence of stocks can be one of the most prominent of these factors. One of the most important concerns of people in the capital market is finding a way to present and analyze stock data of different companies. There are different companies in the stock market and portfolio managers and investors, in choosing the right stock portfolio, need to consider the best way to form a stock portfolio. This article discusses the formation of diverse and non-diverse portfolios through network theory. To conduct this research, the adjusted final price of 138 listed companies for the period 2017-01-01 to 2021-07-06, equivalent to 1648 trading days, has been used. To describe the effect between stocks, the Adjacency Matrix is used and using the optimal threshold, diverse and non-diverse portfolios are obtained. We implement the results of selected stocks for the portfolio using the Hierarchical Risk Parity (HRP) approach based on clustering methods and the results with three methods of Minimum Variance (MVP), Uniform Distribution (UNIF), and Risk Parity (RP) for both in-sample and out-of-sample periods are compared for both diverse and non-diversified portfolios. Finally, the results have been compared using the four criteria of Sortino, Sharpe, Maximum DD, and Calmar. The results show the superiority of the non-diversified portfolio approach in market downturns and the superiority of the diversified portfolio approach in other periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
469 - Wavelet based Filtered historical simulation value at risk model in different time horizons in Tehran Stock Exchange
وحید ویسی زاده جواد شکرخواه میثم امیریAbstract: Value at risk is applied as a downside risk measure to quantify risk and as a basis for calculating the regulatory purpose capital of financial institutions. The present study seeks to select the most accurate models for estimating value at risk, both simple a MoreAbstract: Value at risk is applied as a downside risk measure to quantify risk and as a basis for calculating the regulatory purpose capital of financial institutions. The present study seeks to select the most accurate models for estimating value at risk, both simple and advanced, and to present a new wavelet based model on Tehran Stock Exchange. Filtered historical simulation(FHS), Conditional extreme value theory model(CPOT) and a new hybrid semiparametric model called "Wavelet based Filtered historical simulation" in various forms using different volatility models and distribution assumptions were estimated and on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The backtest finding of research conducted in a period of about 11 years of the total index of Tehran Stock Exchange(TSE) from 2010/4/7 to 2020/4/1 (more than 2400 daily of index return data) indicate the higher accuracy of the filtered historical wavelet-based simulation (WFHS) VaR model in comparison to other models at all-time horizons and different confidence levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
470 - The Effects of Financial Integration on Total Factor Productivity In the Iranian Economy; Evidence for Vector Autoregressive Distributed Lag
masoud taherinia Ali Hassanvand Morteza HabibizadehAbstractFinancial integration through increasing the level of investment in countries can have many positive effects on macroeconomic variables such as employment, economic growth, increasing the volume of international trade and ultimately the productivity of countries MoreAbstractFinancial integration through increasing the level of investment in countries can have many positive effects on macroeconomic variables such as employment, economic growth, increasing the volume of international trade and ultimately the productivity of countries. This study examines whether fiscal integration in Iran can affect overall productivity growth and whether integration policies and subsequent fiscal integration can be among the policies that are needed. Should these countries adopt for their economic integration process? This study investigates the role and effects of financial integration on the productivity of total factors of production through the vector Autoregressive Distributed Lag during the period 1379-1398 for the Iranian economy. The results of estimating the model in the short and long term indicate a positive and significant relationship between financial integration and productivity during the selected time period. Also, variables such as trade openness and domestic investment have a positive relationship with productivity, but the inflation rate has had a negative impact on overall productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
471 - The Interactive Effect of Entrepreneurship and Financial Development on Economic Complexity
Abolfazl Shah-abadi Samineh Ghasemifar Somieh Sadat HajmousaviAbstractEconomic complexity indicates the amount of productive knowledge within a country and the ability to use that knowledge to produce goods with more diversity and less ubiquity, which ultimately increases national competitiveness in the global arena and accelerate MoreAbstractEconomic complexity indicates the amount of productive knowledge within a country and the ability to use that knowledge to produce goods with more diversity and less ubiquity, which ultimately increases national competitiveness in the global arena and accelerates the process of achieving economic growth and development. Therefore, determining the factors affecting it - especially in developing countries - is of great importance. In this regard, the present study, by approaching panel data and using the generalized moment method, has determined the interactive effect of entrepreneurship and financial development on economic complexity in two groups of developing and developed selected countries during the period 2014-2019. Estimated results showed that the dimensions of entrepreneurship, including attitudes, abilities & aspirations of entrepreneurial, as well as financial development have a positive and significant effect on economic complexity in both groups of selected countries. However, the estimated coefficient of these variables is larger for developing countries. In addition, the three dimensions of entrepreneurship and financial development have a positive and significant interactive effect on economic complexity in both groups of selected countries. Finally, the effect of the control variables of natural resource abundance and intellectual property rights on economic complexity in both groups of selected countries respectively are negative and significant and positive and significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
472 - Responsiveness of Production and Foreign Trade to Exchange Policy: An Implication of Stagflation Adjustment in Iran
کمیل طیبی زهرا زمانی سید حسن ملک حسینیRemoving the Multi exchange rate regime, reducing exchange rate fluctuations, strengthening competitiveness in firms and economic sectors and improving exchange market services are appropriate exchange rate policies that could be effective in justifying the negative eff MoreRemoving the Multi exchange rate regime, reducing exchange rate fluctuations, strengthening competitiveness in firms and economic sectors and improving exchange market services are appropriate exchange rate policies that could be effective in justifying the negative effects of stagflation. In addition, policy makers consider promoting typically non-oil exports as a production motivation and improving doing business in oil-producing countries. The purpose of this study is thus to evaluate the effectiveness of foreign exchange rate and business policies on adjustment of stagflation conditions in Iran. To evaluate effects of various foreign exchange rate policies on current stagflation in the Iranian economy, we specify and estimate a structural VAR (SVAR) model, analyzing effects of crucial exchange rate shocks on the most important economic variables such as output and employment. Empirical results show that a proper foreign exchange policy such as exchange rate unification reduces fluctuations in output gap and employment in a five-year period and causes economic stability, which could be a reason for leaving stagflation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
473 - The Relationship between Shadow Economy and Economic Growth: An empirical analysis by using simultaneous panel equations
محمدرضا شهاب جمشید پژویان Abstract Shadow Economy(SE) is a complex and effective phenomenon which is present all over the world's economies and therefore at least in recent decade, SE is in the spotlight of a remarkable collection of economic scientists and researchers and it's social sci More Abstract Shadow Economy(SE) is a complex and effective phenomenon which is present all over the world's economies and therefore at least in recent decade, SE is in the spotlight of a remarkable collection of economic scientists and researchers and it's social sciences users. The main objective of this study can be served as an investigation and identification of the interactions of SE with economic growth and it's dependence on the level of economic growth and development .In this way, in order to design hypothesis and research's models , according to the theoretical approaches an Inverted-U functional form has been considered which is called as the Kuznets's relation To test our hypothesis , the econometric panel-data approach is employed for the period of 1999 to 2007 in two blocks of 25 countries containing high-developed and developing countries (including I.R.IRAN) under various assumptions about simultaneity problem. The results of estimations and Turning-Points calculations indicate that our two hypothesis cannot be rejected and there is a significant Kuznets's U-inverted relation between SE and economic growth . Furthermore, the relationship between SE and economic growth depends on the level of development.Other findings show that all 25 developing countries including I.R.IRAN, during 1999-2007 are in upward phase of the inverted-U curve and the neoclassical view about complementary relation between SE and economic growth cannot be rejected Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - The Influence of Real Exchange Rate Fluctuations on the competition indices in Iran’s Economy (1979-2013)
وحید منافی انور فرهاد خداداد کاشی جهانگیر بیابانی فاطمه پاسبانAbstract In every country the value of money is closely related to economic power, continual and stable growth of physical commodities and the more production stability would continue, the cost index is more steady.One country that has desirable and fast economic growt MoreAbstract In every country the value of money is closely related to economic power, continual and stable growth of physical commodities and the more production stability would continue, the cost index is more steady.One country that has desirable and fast economic growth, as compared with other countries , its money will be strengthened. Growth of each economic factors such as gross domestic product and partial sale and employment result in demand increasing for that foreign currency and consequently its strengthening.On other hand, some policies can increase the international competition power for one country in clued micro economics and macro economics.The purpose of this research would be considering the change real exchange rate and its effects on the competition indices in Iran’s economy during the period of 1979-2013 The equations are estimated by VAR test and using eviews6. Estimation results show that oil incomes and budget deficits had negative effects on real exchange rate, and GDP and liquidity had positive effects on real exchange rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - The Evaluating of the Effectiveness of Expansionary Fiscal Policies: Comparative Linear and Threshold VAR
الهام غلامی کامبیز هژبر کیانیAbstract This paper aims to answer the question of whether expansionary fiscal policy (increasing government spending and tax cuts) on economic growth in Iran is in linear or non-linear effects ? On this purpose, the performance of each of these programs using both lin MoreAbstract This paper aims to answer the question of whether expansionary fiscal policy (increasing government spending and tax cuts) on economic growth in Iran is in linear or non-linear effects ? On this purpose, the performance of each of these programs using both linear and threshold vector autoregressive model and the data years 1338 to 1391 is investigated. In this connection, when using the threshold model, the studied period observationsbased on positive or negative output gap was divided into two regimes. Impulse response functions results from the linear model indicate that reduced tax revenues and increased government spending as fiscal stimulus have led to increasing economic growth, but the impact of government spending is greater than tax revenues. Increasing government spending is most effective in threshold model, also. In addition, comparison of Impulse response functions from linear and threshold model show that response of GDP to tax revenues in linear model and positive output gap are almost identical. However, the effect of increasing government spending on GDP in linear model is very different from high regime. GDP response to tax revenues and government spending in lower regime is also different from the linear model. Accordingly, the expansionary fiscal policies multipliers are dependent on economic conditions in terms of the output gap. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - بررسی آثار اندازه دولت بر رشد اقتصادی در ایران
اکبر کمیجانی هادی حق شناس -
Open Access Article
477 - Analyzing the impact of port development on the host areas' economic growth
Siamak Elmi Kambiz Hojbar Kiani Abbas Memarn Yeganeh MousaviAbstract With having 80 percent of world trade, ports nowadays are the most important national and international window towards trade. Despite their Increasing importance in development of transportation, ports and the relevant activities are completely neglected in Ir MoreAbstract With having 80 percent of world trade, ports nowadays are the most important national and international window towards trade. Despite their Increasing importance in development of transportation, ports and the relevant activities are completely neglected in Iran. Significant relationship between ports development and their capacity and throughput drive an important question: what is the net effect of port throughput on the host areas growth? The present study analyses the question using data of six provinces including Khoozestan, Booshehr, Hormozgan, Gilan, Mazandaran, and Sistan and Baluchestan during 2005-2017 (1384-1396). Results show that ports capacity, human development, economic growth at the initial period, employment, government investment in ports, government's current budget, wage, technology, production structure and urbanization have significant positive impact on economic output of the provinces while the transportation cost has a negative one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
478 - Risk Spillover from Financial Sector to Real Sector using the Conditional Coincidence Index (CCX): Case Study of Iranian Capital Market
اسمعیل ابونوری رضا تهرانی حسین صبوریRisk contagion between financial sectors indicates the process of information transfer between markets. Given that financial markets are interlinked, information created in a market can affect other markets. Meanwhile, risk modeling in different markets and the relation MoreRisk contagion between financial sectors indicates the process of information transfer between markets. Given that financial markets are interlinked, information created in a market can affect other markets. Meanwhile, risk modeling in different markets and the relationship between these markets with each other in terms of financial science, in terms of its use in forecasting, is an issue of importance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the financial risk appetite from the financial sector to the real sector of the economy using CCX for the active industries in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 1388-1395. For this purpose, we used the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and CCX methods. In this study, firstly, the cycles of boom and recession were extracted using the Cristiano-Filzagrande intermediate pass filter. The results of this study indicate that for the full period of the research sample and considering the period of the boom and the recession in the stock market, the results indicate the effects of overflow in the active industries in the stock market. Estimated coefficients for tipping effects in the sample indicate that in most of the companies surveyed, the effect of overturning is significant. Also, the estimated coefficients for considering the period of the crisis and the recession in the stock market indicate that the coefficients are positive for the effect of the outflow in the stock market. Also, in the case study, there is a probability of financial risk fluctuation between the investigated industries. Based on the results, it can be stated that the amount of CCX and the significant level reported in each sector have a negative relationship with the amount of direct and value related debt and investment activities. In addition, the results indicate that the risk and turmoil among the active industries in the stock market and the real sector of the Iranian economy are tangible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - اثر نوآوری بر توسعه صادرات خدمات فنی و مهندسی کشورهای منتخب نوظهور: درسی برای اقتصاد ایران
سید کمیل طیبی زهرا زمانی محسن نوروزی طالخونچه محمود شکری -
Open Access Article
480 - Finance and Energy Projects Efficiency (OECD Countries)
vida varahrami Abstract Using of modern machines in energy sector is an effective factor on efficiency, in this sector. For using from modern machines in energy sector, we want much capital. Therefore financing resources to project operations is so important. Different financ More Abstract Using of modern machines in energy sector is an effective factor on efficiency, in this sector. For using from modern machines in energy sector, we want much capital. Therefore financing resources to project operations is so important. Different finance recourses have significant and positive effect on efficiency of projects. In this paper, a panel method is used for to analysis relation between new modern machines in electricity powerhouse as part of energy sector, and scale of financing powerhouse and gross fix capital in this sector for OECD countries on 2000 to 2014. Results of this survey reveal that more financing in electricity sector has positive and significant effect on rise of modern machines in electricity projects. More financing of other energy sector else electricity has negative effect on new machines using in this sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - برآورد کششهای قیمتی و درآمدی گروههای مصرفی خانوارهای شهری با استفاده از سیستم تقاضای تقریباً ایدهآل مبتنی بر دادههای تابلویی
جمشید پژویان سید محمد مهدی احمدی -
Open Access Article
482 - The Effect of Financial Development on Energy Consumption by Using the Generalized Method of Moment
مرتضی خورسندی تیمور محمدی محمد مهدی خزایی عارف بهروزAbstract In this study, the effect of financial development has examined on energy consumption by using the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) in two groups of developing countries during 1993-2011 period. The first group includes 14 oil-producing developing countries MoreAbstract In this study, the effect of financial development has examined on energy consumption by using the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) in two groups of developing countries during 1993-2011 period. The first group includes 14 oil-producing developing countries and the second group includes 19 non-oil-producing developing countries. For each group of countries, two separate models were estimated, the first model by using banking sector variable, and the second model estimated by using capital market variable. The results showed that, GDP per capita in the non-oil-producing countries compared with oil-producing countries has a greater positive effect on per capita consumption of energy. The oil-producing price variable compared with the Non-Oil-Producing developing countries has a greater negative effect on per capita consumption of energy. The ratio of domestic credit variable to private sector (% of GDP) in non-oil-producing developing countries 0.02% and in oil-producing developing countries is 0.009 percent .Comparison of the effects of domestic bank credit variable to the private sector ( as a percentage of GDP) on per capita consumption of energy in the two groups of countries reflects the higher efficiency of the banking sector in the non-oil-producing countries .On the other hand, variable rate of turnover of shares traded in the non-oil-producing developing countries is -0.003 percent and in oil-producing developing countries is -0.009 percent .Statistical analysis of the variable of capital market of shares traded in both developing oil-producing and non-oil-producing developing countries also shows that the effect of capital market development in energy consumption in oil-producing developing countries is more negative and smaller than the non-oil-producing developing countries Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
483 - The Impact of Corruption on Environmental Tehran Stock Exchange
Rahela Shah Badaghi Majid Moradi Dawood GurjizadehAbstractCorruption is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon with multiple causes and effects, ranging from an individual act (such as bribery) to a pervasive act that encompasses all elements of the political and economic system. Despite the complexity, difficulty and MoreAbstractCorruption is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon with multiple causes and effects, ranging from an individual act (such as bribery) to a pervasive act that encompasses all elements of the political and economic system. Despite the complexity, difficulty and sensitivity of dealing with this complication, in recent years, extensive studies have been conducted to measure corruption, explain the reasons for committing such criminal activity and provide deterrent solutions by the international community. The purpose of this study was the impact of corruption on the environmental sustainability of companies. The spatial scope of this research was the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the time domain was between 2016 and 2020. 107 companies are selected by eliminated systematic method as sample. As data nature, this is a kind of quantitative study and as purpose, this is a kind of applied study. Jarque-Bra test is done for normality testing. Regression significance and coefficient significance tests are considered in order to investigate significance in regression pattern. Heterogenity, F-limer and Husman tests are considered as regression pre-test as well. The results showed that financial corruption affects the environmental sustainability of companies. The impact of corruption on environmental sustainability varies between large and small companies. The impact of corruption on environmental sustainability varies in companies with high and low financial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - تأثیر انحراف نرخ ارز واقعی بر صادرات صنعت فولاد در ایران
هدی مشهدی محمدی عباس شاکری محمود محمودزاده -
Open Access Article
485 - The Effect of Financial Development on Income Distribution in Developing Countries and Developed Countries: GMM Method
علی اکبر احمدی محمد اسماعیل رستمی نیا علیرضا غیبیConsidering that the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of financial development on income distribution (Gini index) in selected developing countries and developed countries in the selected time period (2000-2010) is empirical modelin MoreConsidering that the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of financial development on income distribution (Gini index) in selected developing countries and developed countries in the selected time period (2000-2010) is empirical modeling study using dynamic panel generalized moments (GMM) and use the variables GDP per capita, trade openness indicator, the indicator of financial development, inflation, consumer price index and the Gini coefficient was estimated. The results of the estimation of the model in both developed and developing countries distinguishing short and long term effects is discussed. These results indicate that the coefficient of financial development in developing countries (0/02) have opposite signs developed countries (-0/04) is. As income inequality and financial development theories, different estimates of the relationship between these two variables stated, Financial development in developing countries, the increase in income inequality and the increase in average household income and access many brokers and financial services, reduces income inequality. While in developed countries a negative linear relationship between financial development and income inequality that Byangrkahsh income inequality is due to the development of markets and financial intermediaries. Coefficient of per capita income, inflation and the value of the Gini coefficient by delays in developing countries and developed signs consistent with the model assumptions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
486 - بررسی اثر اعتماد بر نوآوری درکشورهای با درآمد متوسط (با تاکید بر شعاع بیاعتمادی فوکویاما)*
عباس شاکری فرشاد مومنی تیمور محمدی حمید بهمن پور سعیده علیزاده -
Open Access Article
487 - Evaluating the Impact of Oil Price Volatilities and Output Gap on Trade Balance in Iranian Economy
mehdi yazdani tahereh noorafroz More Abstract The macroeconomic variables have been affected by the volatilities and changes in oil price in the world countries and they have faced with serious challenges and lead to consider various tactics to avoid the negative effects of these shocks. However the instability of the oil market will make long-run planning impossible for policy making which is based on oil revenues in the oil exporting countries. Hence the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of volatility of oil price on the trade balance in Iranian economy during 1357-1390 with ARDL method. The results of this study indicate that the coefficients of oil prices and the output gap are significant in the 95% level and their relationships are negative with the trade balance. Moreover, the coefficient of exchange rate on the trade balance is positive and is statistically significant in 99% level. According the estimated relationship between oil price and the trade balance, policymakers can adopt suitable strategies in the face of volatiles in oil price and utilize it in economic development, codify social programs, set the annual budgets of the country and design appropriate policies to maintain economic stability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
488 - Evaluating of Green Tax Effects on Consumption of Energy in IRAN
فرناز فروتن جمشید پژویان فرهاد غفاری فرهاد خداداد کاشیThis dissertation evaluates the effects of taxing on three groups of goods, i.e. housing energy, transport fuels, and other non-durable goods in rich, moderate and poor households during the period of 2004-2017. To this end, we compute the income and price elasticities MoreThis dissertation evaluates the effects of taxing on three groups of goods, i.e. housing energy, transport fuels, and other non-durable goods in rich, moderate and poor households during the period of 2004-2017. To this end, we compute the income and price elasticities respect to each categories of goods by the estimates obtained for the parameters of a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System. According to the results, while the sign of the own price elasticities is theoretically expected, the groups of housing energy and transport fuels appear to be elastic in every three type of households. One percent Increasing in the price of housing energy, if the consumer isn’t compensated, results in about 1 percent decrease in energy consumption in all households and also 0.002 percent reduction in fuel consumption in moderate households. There are the same results for the group of transport fuel. One percent increasing in the price of transport fuel, without compensation of consumer, results in about 1 percent decrease in energy consumption in all households and also a partial reduction in energy consumption of rich and moderate households. As well as housing energy category has appeared as a necessity in all three types of households and transport fuel category has appeared as luxury for poor and moderate, and a necessity for the rich households. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
489 - Mechanism of impact of shocks on oil prices, currency prices and investment, taking into account adjustment costs on the stock price index
Peyman Armagan Manijeh Hadi-Najad Marjan DamnKeshide Masoume ShojaeiAbstractThe present article explains the mechanism of the effect of shocks on oil prices, currency prices and investment by considering the adjustment costs on the stock price index using SVAR structural self-regression model for the years 1370-1397. Based on SVAR model MoreAbstractThe present article explains the mechanism of the effect of shocks on oil prices, currency prices and investment by considering the adjustment costs on the stock price index using SVAR structural self-regression model for the years 1370-1397. Based on SVAR model estimation results; A shock in oil prices will reduce production by 5 percent and reduce employment in the country by 1 percent. The results also show that a single impulse from the oil price range increases the stock price index by 33%, as well as an exchange rate impulse from the exchange rate increases the stock price index by 7% and an impulse from Taking into account the adjustment cost, the investment area will reduce the stock price index by 40%, as well as a shock from the commercial period and the production gap will reduce the stock price index by 17%. Also based on the results of analysis of variance among the variables of the model; Investing in adjustment costs, oil price shocks, currency shocks, real interest rate shocks and production gaps, respectively, accounted for the largest percentage of explanatory changes in the model during the period under review. Therefore, reducing investment adjustment costs by applying various policies such as; Distributing skills and supporting unemployed workers, developing technical and vocational education, reducing labor costs between industries, using trade liberalization policies can be helpful in ensuring macroeconomic stability and stock market and stock market index.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
490 - Analyzing the Impact of Exchange Rate Unification on TOT (Terms of Trade) in IRAN
سید کمیل طیبی محسن نظری فارسانی احمد گوگردچیان زهرا زمانیAbstractTerms of trade is one of the most important tools using for analyzing macroeconomic problems because, during time, it is a good criteria for assessing a country’s profit from international trade and its changes have direct effects on countries’ welfa MoreAbstractTerms of trade is one of the most important tools using for analyzing macroeconomic problems because, during time, it is a good criteria for assessing a country’s profit from international trade and its changes have direct effects on countries’ welfare.Besides, unification of exchange rate is an important issue in economical policiesConsidering the impact of exchange rate changes on terms of trade as well as to the terms of the importance of exchange rate unification policy,the purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of exchange rate unification on the terms of trade in Iran during the years 1991-2015. For this purpose, the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model is used.Results of structural vector auto regressive model for Iran’s economy during the period under reviewsuggest that exchange rate unification destroys the trade relationship in the short run but improves in the long run. If the rate of exchange rate unification is higher, it will have a greater effect on the trade relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
491 - Experimental Financial Behavioral Test: Evaluating the Performance Comparison of Common Stock Cost Models Affected by Fundamental Characteristics of Companies
Abbas Khodaprast Salek Moalem Farzin Rezaei Sina khradyar Mohammad Reza Vatan ParastAbstractIn the new centuries, the science of psychology has been active in the field of economics and finance. Since the early 1920s, human relations have become one of the most important pillars of a person's work. The Society or company has received special attention. MoreAbstractIn the new centuries, the science of psychology has been active in the field of economics and finance. Since the early 1920s, human relations have become one of the most important pillars of a person's work. The Society or company has received special attention.cost of equity capital is one of the most important and key tools in many financial and managerial decision making which is influenced by many factors. Implementation of valuation models involves calculating the cost of a company's ordinary shares. Because personality types explain managers' behavior. Attributes in managers have a significant relationship with their strengths and weaknesses.Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to A Comparative Evaluation of the Efficiency cost of equity capital Influenced by the personality types of managers. To achieve the purpose of the study, data of 87 sample companies were collected in 1397 and analyzed by descriptive analysis using data envelopment analysis and paired t-test. Gordon and Olson Junter growth models were used to compare performance.Considering the results of the tests and comparing the explanatory power and accuracy of each model, it can be said that the two models of Olson Junter and Gordon have good reliability and reliability at different levels of confidence and there is a significant difference between the two There are models. Based on the results, with increasing level of personality types considered in the research as a moderating variable, there is a strong relationship between the performance of ordinary stock cost models (Gordon and Olson Junter) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
492 - Explaining the Comprehensive Model of Economic Dimension of Quality of Life Using Grounded Theory
فاطمه قائمی محمد حسنی محمد حامد خان محمدی Abstract The quality of life is a multi-dimensional concept. The economic dimension of quality of life is influenced by several factors, the purpose of this study is to explain these factors. The research method is Grounded Theory and the sample was selected ba More Abstract The quality of life is a multi-dimensional concept. The economic dimension of quality of life is influenced by several factors, the purpose of this study is to explain these factors. The research method is Grounded Theory and the sample was selected based on the snowball approach in four specialized areas. The results of the paradigm model of the research show that the indicators of lack of planning for economic conditions, lack of infrastructure and facilities for use and rapid economic change and affecting life as a causal conditions, physical health, gender, lifestyle, occupation and work environment as intervening factors, cultural characteristics of society, materialism, religion and lifestyle, stability in society and no change in the work policies of active organizations in society as a context, the lack of transparency and future security and the lack of a sense of social justice as consequences and characteristics and abilities and individual feelings, environmental conditions and the structure of community resource distribution as Action Strategies, are affected the economic dimension of quality of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
493 - The Effects of the Number of Branches and its Geographical Distribution on Bank Profitability
اصغر ابوالحسنی رویا آل عمران فرزاد رحیم زاده سیامک شکوهی فردIn this research, the effect of the number of branches and the geographical distribution of bank branches on the profitability of Bank Sepah in Ardebil province has been studied. In this study, data and information related to Sepah Bank in Ardabil province in the period MoreIn this research, the effect of the number of branches and the geographical distribution of bank branches on the profitability of Bank Sepah in Ardebil province has been studied. In this study, data and information related to Sepah Bank in Ardabil province in the period 1371 to 1399 are collected and in the form of time series data and cross-sectional data are estimated in two separate models. The results of the model estimation showed that the geographical distribution of the bank branches affects their profitability and this effect is statistically significant at a significant level of 5%. In other words, the branch operating in high-income areas of the city has a higher profitability compared to the middle and low income regions. The number of Bank Sepah Branches also has a positive effect on bank profitability and this effect is statistically significant at a significant level of 5%. Also the loan to the asset ratio, the size of the bank and the market share of the bank has a positive and significant effect on its profitability. Also, at a significant level of 5%, the number of years of activity of the bank branch has a positive and significant effect on its profitability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
494 - Does oil price uncertainty affect the Tehran Stock Exchange index? Quantile regression approach based on wavelet transform
Ali Sargolzaei Narges Salehnia Massoud Homayounifar S. Mohammad Qaim ZabihiAbstract Investigating the effect of oil price uncertainty on the Tehran Stock Exchange index is of great importance because with increasing uncertainty in oil prices, the systematic risk of the stock market index increases. On the other hand, in oil exporting countrie MoreAbstract Investigating the effect of oil price uncertainty on the Tehran Stock Exchange index is of great importance because with increasing uncertainty in oil prices, the systematic risk of the stock market index increases. On the other hand, in oil exporting countries such as Iran, oil revenues are among the most important and influential factors in macroeconomic variables and, consequently, financial market indicators. The present study investigates the effect of oil price uncertainty on the Tehran Stock Exchange index using the wavelet-based quantile regression model (MODWT-MRA) during the period April 2011 to April 2021 in Iran.. The results of the model estimate showed that with the increase in oil price uncertainty, the Tehran Stock Exchange index will decrease. According to the results, the effect of oil price uncertainty on the Tehran Stock Exchange index in the first few quantiles has a smaller coefficient than the final quantiles, so the negative effect of oil price uncertainty on the Tehran Stock Exchange index in recent months is more than the first months. Also, the coefficient value on the component 5 scale is much higher than the component 1 scale; Therefore, the negative effect of oil price uncertainty on the Tehran Stock Exchange index in the short run is much greater than the value of this effect in the long run. This is because in the long run, the investor will adjust to the uncertainty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
495 - Identifying and explaining effective indicators in choosing financial software packages
abbas ghodratpanah Esfandiar Malekian yahya kamyabiAbstractSelecting the appropriate accounting software has become an important issue for many organizations. In such a way that organizations have requested to use consulting services in choosing the right software package; Because the wrong choice might lead to major fi MoreAbstractSelecting the appropriate accounting software has become an important issue for many organizations. In such a way that organizations have requested to use consulting services in choosing the right software package; Because the wrong choice might lead to major financial losses. Indicators affecting the selection of accounting software should be considered before preparing the software. Facing with such an important decision, accountants, managers, and professional consultants all need indicators to rank these software packages to free them from subjective decision-making. The purpose of this article is to identify and explain the main factors that the organization should consider in its decision to choose the right software. Using Delphi method, the research questionnaire has been subjected to experts' opinions. These indicators are categorized in the form of two dimensions and ten components. These two dimensions are the features of the accounting software and the characteristics of the software vendor. The results of the research show that the three components of software reliability, technology and security from the aspect of accounting software features, as well as two components of software maintenance and upgrading, and the reputation of the software vendor from the aspect of the characteristics of the software vendor have the greatest impact on choosing the right software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
496 - Comparing the performance of downside arbitrage pricing theory (D-APT) and reward beta approach (RBA) in predicting stock returns in Tehran Stock Exchange
میثم بلگوریان بابک حاجی زاده مجید افشاری رادActivists in finance use various instruments to make optimal decision. One of the most important instruments is stocks expected return that is predicted by some models. In this study two methods named reward beta approach and downside arbitrage pricing theory are invest MoreActivists in finance use various instruments to make optimal decision. One of the most important instruments is stocks expected return that is predicted by some models. In this study two methods named reward beta approach and downside arbitrage pricing theory are investigated and compared. To test reward beta model sample period is divided into two sub-periods. First beta coefficients are estimated in the first period and then are used as explanatory variables to test the model in the second period. In investigating downside arbitrage pricing theory, only downside deviations of mean in calculating macroeconomic variables and stock returns are considered. To test this model, in order to predict beta coefficients and risk premiums of variables simultaneously, iterated nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression are used. The results indicate that during the period 1380-1397 in the case of stocks with lower market value, downside arbitrage pricing theory has better performance in predicting returns in Tehran Stock Exchange compared with reward beta approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
497 - Price Transmission Mechanism and its Impact on Marketing Margins of south Fish of Iran
مهدی سراوانی نظر دهمرده قلعه نوAbstract Volatility and instability of fisheries product price is one of the characters of inefficient marketing of these products. Therefore, in this study we will consider the effect of Prices Transmission on Marketing Margins of South water products during 2004 to 20 MoreAbstract Volatility and instability of fisheries product price is one of the characters of inefficient marketing of these products. Therefore, in this study we will consider the effect of Prices Transmission on Marketing Margins of South water products during 2004 to 2014 with combining the Houck Methodology and marketing Cost model which is presented by Frigon et al (1999). The results show that perfect increase price transmission for ghobad, White halva, hamur, hoor, rashku, sangsar, shir, sorkhu and Black halva rejected. In addition, results show for white halva, hoor, sangsar and sorkhu short term and long term of symmetry price transmission rejected and intermediary earn profit with increasing marketing margins through asymmetry price transmission. The result of price transmission elasticity show that for hoor, white halva, sangsar and sorkhu Wholesale prices rise more strongly transmitted to the retail level while the decline in prices slow transferred to the higher levels of the market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
498 - The Evaluating of the Effectiveness of Expansionary Fiscal Policies: Comparative Linear and Threshold VAR
عبدالرسول قاسمی صبا نظریThis paper aims to answer the question of whether expansionary fiscal policy (increasing government spending and tax cuts) on economic growth in Iran is in linear or non-linear effects ? On this purpose, the performance of each of these programs using both linear and th MoreThis paper aims to answer the question of whether expansionary fiscal policy (increasing government spending and tax cuts) on economic growth in Iran is in linear or non-linear effects ? On this purpose, the performance of each of these programs using both linear and threshold vector autoregressive model and the data years 1338 to 1391 is investigated. In this connection, when using the threshold model, the studied period observationsbased on positive or negative output gap was divided into two regimes. Impulse response functions results from the linear model indicate that reduced tax revenues and increased government spending as fiscal stimulus have led to increasing economic growth, but the impact of government spending is greater than tax revenues. Increasing government spending is most effective in threshold model, also. In addition, comparison of Impulse response functions from linear and threshold model show that response of GDP to tax revenues in linear model and positive output gap are almost identical. However, the effect of increasing government spending on GDP in linear model is very different from high regime. GDP response to tax revenues and government spending in lower regime is also different from the linear model. Accordingly, the expansionary fiscal policies multipliers are dependent on economic conditions in terms of the output gap. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
499 - Ranking Corporate Governance Using Fuzzy Logic in Accepted Companies the Tehran Stock Exchange
Majid Abdullahi Ali Esmaeil ZadehAbstract In recent years, the support of corporate governance has attracted the attention of capital market regulatory bodies, including the stock exchange. In this regard, the corporate governance index has been taken into consideration as a monitoring tool for compan MoreAbstract In recent years, the support of corporate governance has attracted the attention of capital market regulatory bodies, including the stock exchange. In this regard, the corporate governance index has been taken into consideration as a monitoring tool for companies so that companies that better comply with corporate governance mechanisms can be distinguished from companies that do not comply with these mechanisms. On this basis, companies should try to improve these mechanisms and take more effective steps to create more efficiency and value and thus improve the conditions of the capital market. In this research, an attempt is made to use a new index under the title of fuzzy corporate governance index, and according to expert opinion and formulation of fuzzy inference rules, three fuzzy expert systems have been designed to evaluate corporate governance criteria. Also, the data related to 160 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange as a sample have been collected and their data has been processed using the aforementioned fuzzy systems. The output of the first system shows the quality of the ownership index and transparency in the sample companies. The output of the second system shows the quality of the board structure index and finally the output of the third system shows the quality of corporate governance in the mentioned companies. The results of these evaluations are shown in a list of the weakest and best companies in terms of ownership and transparency, the structure of the board of directors, and the quality of corporate governance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
500 - The effect of manufacturing purchasing managers index on stock market index in Iran
Sakineh Sejoodi Parviz Jafarzadeh BarenjiAbstract Considering the increasing development of the stock exchange market and its potential for creating economic growth and development of the country, it is very important to study the factors affecting this market and this issue is very important for all users of MoreAbstract Considering the increasing development of the stock exchange market and its potential for creating economic growth and development of the country, it is very important to study the factors affecting this market and this issue is very important for all users of this market. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) on the stock price index in Iran. Therefore, the present study has used the monthly data from 2018:10 to 2022:11 and using the Granger causality method and Johansen co-integration to investigate the relationship between Purchasing Managers Index and total stock price index and manufacturing stock price index. The results indicate that there is a one-way causality from the growth of the manufacturing purchasing managers index to the growth of the total stock price index and the growth of the manufacturing stock price index. Also, based on Johansen's cointegration test, there is a long-term positive relationship between the growth of manufacturing purchasing managers index and the growth of total stock price index, and also between the growth of manufacturing purchasing managers index and the growth of manufacturing stock price index. Given that the increase in PMI indicates economic prosperity in the manufacturing sector, this positive relationship shows that, as expected, stock price indices react positively to improvement signals in the manufacturing sector and negatively to negative signals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
501 - برآورد تابع تقاضای بنزین در ایران طی دوره زمانی 1381 تا 1386 با استفاده از تکنیک پنل دیتا*
علی امامی میبدی غلامرضا گرایی نژاد نگین دارابی -
Open Access Article
502 - The Causal Analysis of Relationship between Inflation Rate and Unemployment in Iran (The case study of Philip’s curve)
تیمور محمدی عباسعلی ابونوری رویا محمدنژادAbstract The high unemployment rate is one of the chronically problems in Iranian Economy. There is a large gap between natural and nominal rate of unemployment in Iran. In the recent years, the policy makers tried to decrease and control unemployment rate by undertaki MoreAbstract The high unemployment rate is one of the chronically problems in Iranian Economy. There is a large gap between natural and nominal rate of unemployment in Iran. In the recent years, the policy makers tried to decrease and control unemployment rate by undertaking monetary policies, but the outcome of such policies has increased the inflation rate significantly especially during 1979 up to 2009 .In this paper, we tested the relationship between inflation and unemployment rates based on Philip’s curve hypothesis. Our estimation in form of two models separately, shows that, there is significant relationship between inflation wage rates in current period with previous one. In addition, the rate of inflation in each period is a function of productions level and wage rate. Also, the previous level of inflation has influenced current level of inflation rate significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
503 - The Corruption Effect on Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries
عبدالرحیم کردی مهدی خدا پرست مشهدیA country's investment environment is affected by Political, Institutional, and Economic Factors. These factors are determinants of quality of institutional environment across countries. Corruption often viewed as consequence of inappropriate institutions. Results of Mo MoreA country's investment environment is affected by Political, Institutional, and Economic Factors. These factors are determinants of quality of institutional environment across countries. Corruption often viewed as consequence of inappropriate institutions. Results of Most studies show that high cost and uncertainty created due to corruption affect attractiveness of host country to investors and destroys incentives for foreign investment. Yet, some studies could not find significant relationship between the corruption and foreign direct investment flows. Regard the lack of experimental study, the present research highlight the relationship between subcomponents of corruption and the flows of foreign direct investment in developing countries. The result of regression using panel data of 50 countries for time period 1996 – 2012, show that different forms of corruption have separately effects on the flows of foreign direct investment. So, corruption in the field of import/export permits has a positive and significant impact on FDI inflows, whereas corruption in the fields of annual tax payments, access to public utilities and judicial decisions have negative impact on FDI. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
504 - The Interactions between Infation Uncertainty and Government Spending on Main Economic Sectors Growth In Iran
محسن مهر آرا میر سجاد سید قاسمی محسن بهزادی صوفیانیAbstract The present study aims at investigation of uncertainty effects of inflation and government expenditures and their interactional effect on the growth of main Iranian economic sectors. Using of Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) mo MoreAbstract The present study aims at investigation of uncertainty effects of inflation and government expenditures and their interactional effect on the growth of main Iranian economic sectors. Using of Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models is considered for evaluation of uncertainties because these models provide a possibility of change in conditional variance of error term. Then we use the method of Panel Data for the evaluation of the above-mentioned uncertainties effects between 1968-2012. The results show the negative effects of inflation uncertainty on the four main sectors of Iran’s economy. Government expenditures uncertainty has had negative effects on the growth of economic sectors which oil and gas are exceptions here. The interaction of the above uncertainties has had a negative and separate bearing on the growth of agriculture and services sectors. This means that the increase in each of these uncertainties causes the severity the effects of other uncertainty on these economic sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
505 - Financial implications of marketing model on sales improvement (Case study: herbal pharmaceutical companies)
Zakiyeh Ashouri S. Mahmood Shabgoo Monsef Kambiz Shahroodi Ali Gholipour SoleimaniAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the constructive role of herbal medicines in the resistance economy of our country through acquiring domestic markets and maintaining foreign exchange capital, as well as the currency earning potential of these medici MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the constructive role of herbal medicines in the resistance economy of our country through acquiring domestic markets and maintaining foreign exchange capital, as well as the currency earning potential of these medicines. The approach of this research was a combination, in the first stage, the data were collected using the foundational data theory method and the interview tool. The researchers interviewed 12 doctors, pharmacists, and herbal medicine sales managers in a targeted manner. The extracted financial consequences included: improving the sale of herbal medicines, increasing the export capacity, commercializing herbal medicines and attracting capital for the production and development of herbal medicines, which was used in the quantitative stage of the descriptive-survey method and using first-order factor analysis techniques. and the second were examined. 420 samples were collected using available random sampling and analyzed using AMOS software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
506 - The Study of Chaos Phenomenon in TEDPIX of Tehran Stock Exchange
محمد نمازی زهره حاجیها حسن چناری بوکت Abstract Complicated time series such as stock prices and their changes are commonly hypothesized as random and subsequently unanticipated parameters, while probably, these time series could the resultant of a chaos or a regular non–linear active process More Abstract Complicated time series such as stock prices and their changes are commonly hypothesized as random and subsequently unanticipated parameters, while probably, these time series could the resultant of a chaos or a regular non–linear active process and consequently they will be anticipatable. This article examines whether TEDPIX of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)are following the random walk process or evaluated by a chaotic process in the period of 1380-1392. For analysis of the hypothesis, unit root, BDS, autocorrelation and auto-regression were used. The results of the study indicate that TEDPIX is a chaotic and non–randomized parameter. These results are related to the inefficiency of the TSE market and subsequently showed that the TSE market has the potential of short–time predictability and there is a non–clearance information progress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
507 - Providing a model for formulating export development strategies in foreign markets using data-driven method (Case study of Iranian petrochemical companies)
محمدعلی مناف زاده هیر رضا شافعی عادل فاطمیIn economic theories, the development of the export market is considered as the engine of economic growth and a factor in the continuation of the life cycle and the continuation of the company's activities. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for developing MoreIn economic theories, the development of the export market is considered as the engine of economic growth and a factor in the continuation of the life cycle and the continuation of the company's activities. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for developing export development strategies for foreign markets in the petrochemical industry using an approach based on data theorizing. The statistical community is experts, professors and experts in the field of research. The sample size is using targeted technique and snowball that in data theorizing of data collection foundation continues until the research is saturated with 14 experts in this research. The data collection tool is exploratory and semi-structured interviews. The results of the data obtained from the interviews during the open, pivotal and selective coding process, to establish the foundation data theory in the field of providing a model for developing export market development strategies using foreign markets. The data-driven method led in the petrochemical industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
508 - Identifying and Sensitivity Analysis the Effective Factors on Main Forming Groups of Iran’s Inflation: The Artificial Neural Network Approach
seyed sajad alam al hodaa samaneh tarighi mehdi shaban zadeh amin kajoeipoorAbstract Since the inflation has numerous effects on various aspects of economic and social, many economists believe the importance of inflation is higher than other economic indicators.With this approach, in this study the effective factors on main forming groups of I MoreAbstract Since the inflation has numerous effects on various aspects of economic and social, many economists believe the importance of inflation is higher than other economic indicators.With this approach, in this study the effective factors on main forming groups of Iran’s inflation in the Fourth Development Plan identified and have been examined. For achieve this target, among the twelve main forming groups of consumer price index (CPI), the important forming groups of CPI have been identified using Neural Network Sensitivity Analysis. Then by definition the causes and origins of inflation in Iran using various economic theories and domestic studies, the effects of these factors has been studied on the main commodity groups of CPI. The result of this study showed, among the main groups of commodities, Food and beverage group (Group 1), Housing , water, electricity, gas and other fuels Group (Group 4) and transport group (Group 7) were more important Compared to the other groups. So that, these groups explained 15.22%, 13.19% and 12.23% of the total change in the CPI during the period under review, respectively. The results of this study indicated the commodities of group 1 have been most affected by changes in liquidity, exchange rates and the GDP gap. Also commodities of group 4 and 7 have been most impressed by the rate of return on rent housing in urban areas and liquidity, inflation expectations and exchange rate, respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
509 - Analysis of energy price reform effects on production and price in the agricultural sector
علی اصغر اسماعیل نیا شهرام وصفی اسفستانیAbstract This paper evaluates amounts of subsidies in the agricultural sector and estimates the effects of the implementation of price adjustment and targeted energy subsidies on economic growth and agricultural production. The methodology used is input-output analysis MoreAbstract This paper evaluates amounts of subsidies in the agricultural sector and estimates the effects of the implementation of price adjustment and targeted energy subsidies on economic growth and agricultural production. The methodology used is input-output analysis. The results show that the rising energy prices have increasing effect on the agricultural sector production. Price analysis of targeted energy subsidies shows that animal products increased more than 82 percent. Targeted energy subsidies could reduce 6.9 percent of output in all economic sectors and this reduction will be different for different economic sectors. This study shows that Output reduction is approximately 15.56 percent in Food, Beverage and Tobacco sector and 7.75 percent in agriculture and horticulture sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
510 - Financial Profitability by Determining the Pattern of Causal Relationships between Factors Affecting the Customer’s Culture of E-banking Services (Case study: Bank Mellat)
Fereesteh Oghbaie Ali Rezaeiyan S. Mahdi Alvani S. Zabiholla HashemiAbstractOne of the most important ways to increase financial profitability for banks is to identify and attract more customers. Most research on financial profitability through identifying and attracting customers has ignored the cultural dimension and ignored or paid l MoreAbstractOne of the most important ways to increase financial profitability for banks is to identify and attract more customers. Most research on financial profitability through identifying and attracting customers has ignored the cultural dimension and ignored or paid little attention to this important and key factor. The purpose of this study is financial profitability by determining the pattern of relationships between factors affecting the culture of e-banking customers to attract and retain them more as an innovative step in serving the community. This research is descriptive in nature and method and applied in purpose. Typically, research is a mixed research (qualitative-quantitative) in the inductive paradigm. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire. Qualitative data obtained from interviews with customers and managers of the bank's marketing were coded using thematic analysis, and for financial profitability, the most important factors affecting the culture of e-banking customers have been extracted, categorized and approved by experts. In the quantitative part of the research, to determine the pattern of causal relationships between identified factors (ethnicity, values, literacy, art, laws, technology), the Demetel technique (group decision based on pairwise comparisons and expert judgment) was used. The results show that for financial profitability for Iranian banks, the factors affecting the culture of e-banking customers are important and affect each other, respectively: literacy, values, technology, ethnicity, laws and art. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
511 - بررسی ارتباط شفافیت مالی و اجتناب مالیاتی با توجه به مالکیت نهادی شرکتها ( مطالعه موردی شرکتهای بورس اوراق بهادار تهران )
محمدرضا عباس زاده مرتضی فدایی محسن مفتونیان مائده بابایی کلاریجانی -
Open Access Article
512 - Explanation and Validation of Effective Factors in the Tax Audit Quality Improvement model
Ramin Jamshidi Bahram Barzegar Abdolreza MohseniAbstract The purpose of this research is to explain and validate the effective factors in the tax audit quality improvement model. Since an important part of each country's macro decision-making is budget information and its related resources, and also a major part of MoreAbstract The purpose of this research is to explain and validate the effective factors in the tax audit quality improvement model. Since an important part of each country's macro decision-making is budget information and its related resources, and also a major part of social inequalities is caused by the lack of transparency in incomes and income gap, therefore identifying the factors that improve the quality model of tax audit And the evaluation of their relations can be a step in the direction of helping to fully secure the spending credits of the government's general budget, providing and increasing stable incomes, promoting tax justice and improving the structure of income distribution, helping the country's growth and development and realizing social justice. . The current research is an applied research. The data collection for the process of testing the designed model was done through a questionnaire and according to the categories obtained from the subsets of the main categories, and to measure the validity of the designed model from the structural equation model (analysis of quantitative data through confirmatory factor analysis ) and to test the hypotheses, PLS and SPSS software were used to analyze the correlation between variables and other tests. The findings of the research showed that the causal factors affecting the improvement of the tax audit quality model have a positive and significant effect on the central phenomenon categories affecting the improvement of the tax audit quality model. Also, the findings showed that the categories of the central phenomenon, background and intervening factors effective on the improvement of the tax audit quality model have a positive and significant effect on the strategic factors effective on the improvement of the tax audit quality model. Also, the findings showed that strategic factors have a positive and significant effect on the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
513 - The Effects of Doing Business Improvement on Export and FDI Absorption (case study some selected countries in G77 )
ابو الفضل شاه آبادی یونس سلمانی سید آرش ولی نیا Abstract In modern literature of international trade, institutional function and issuing efficient regulation from trade perspective are considered as the major reasons for economic development of the countries. Foreign direct investment (FDI) accumulation and More Abstract In modern literature of international trade, institutional function and issuing efficient regulation from trade perspective are considered as the major reasons for economic development of the countries. Foreign direct investment (FDI) accumulation and export are the key determinant of foreign trade which lead to economic development in some countries. In this study, the effects of improving the Doing Business and other variables on FDI accumulation and export have been investigated between 2006 and2012 in G77 countries. The key factors in accumulation of FDI include: Doing Business, plenty of natural resources, Good Governance and Economic Freedom. Moreover, the determining factors in export development are as follows: Doing Business, accumulation of FDI and real foreign currencies exchange rate. The results further indicate that improvement of Doing Business and Good Governance has a positive relationship with accumulation of FDI; however, plenty of natural resources have a negative relationship with accumulation of FDI. The results of this study show that improvement of Doing Business, accumulation of FDI and real foreign currencies exchange rates have a positive relationship with the export development of selected G77 countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
514 - بررسی پدیده خنثایی پول در اقتصاد ایران
مهدی حنطه منوچهر عسکری محمود ختایی -
Open Access Article
515 - Designing a Model for Explaining Competitive Tejarat Bank
سیامک جعفری نرگس دل افروز کامبیز شاهرودی yalda rahmatiAbstractThe purpose of writing the current research is to represent a model to measure competitive strength in Tejarat bank. Data gathering ‎tools are interview and questionnaire. Statistical society includes two different parts of Tejarat Bank experts (10 ones) and MoreAbstractThe purpose of writing the current research is to represent a model to measure competitive strength in Tejarat bank. Data gathering ‎tools are interview and questionnaire. Statistical society includes two different parts of Tejarat Bank experts (10 ones) and experts ‎along with 1750 managers in different levels of the bank from which 316 ones were selected by Cochran sampling formula. First of ‎all, preliminary mdel was extracted interviewing experts. Continuously applying structural equation model in LISREL software ‎environment the extracted model was tested and finally final definitive model of sompetitive strength in includes internal resource ‎‎(contains financial. Technological, managerial and marketing), market intelligence (contains intelligence making and responsibility) ‎and onlie relationship marketing (online exchange quality, online content quality and e-service quality) was gained. ‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
516 - اثر مهاجرت و شهرنشینی بر اشتغال غیررسمی در مناطق مختلف ایران (روش شاخص های چندگانه-علل چندگانه (MIMIC))
محمد ستاری فر حمیدرضا زارعی نوشین شکری -
Open Access Article
517 - Systemic Risk Contagion Mechanism in Iran Financial System: Money and Capital Markets
Vahid Mirzaei Badizi Ali Souri Mehdi Naji Nafisa BaharadmehrAbstract In this paper, using an agent-based model, the behavior of commercial banks and investment funds is simulated. We have tried to show systemic risk transmission mechanism from the money market to the capital market through balance sheet changes. In this model, MoreAbstract In this paper, using an agent-based model, the behavior of commercial banks and investment funds is simulated. We have tried to show systemic risk transmission mechanism from the money market to the capital market through balance sheet changes. In this model, the money and capital markets are endogenously modeled and the price is determined by interest rate and stock market index in these markets respectively. 81 percent of Iranian commercial banks have a mixed portfolio of interbank loans and securities and can spread the crisis throughout the financial system in case of a shock. This process happens through the fire sale mechanism and investment fund unit redemption and can make stocks undervalued in the capital market. Although higher imposed capital adequacy and liquid assets rate can reduce the shock effect on price in the capital market, these high rates make banks portfolios mixed and increases systemic risk. Optimal capital adequacy rate is estimated 19 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
518 - Investigating the Impact of Financial and Trade Sanctions on the Exchange Rate in Iran (Fuzzy Approach)
Asghar Abolhasani Hestiani Mostafa Elmimoghadam Nasrin Mansouri Minoo Amini MilaniAbstract Exchange rate is one of the important economic variables that are affected by various factors. Since the exchange rate in any country is considered one of the basic indicators in determining the degree of international competition and explaining the internal s MoreAbstract Exchange rate is one of the important economic variables that are affected by various factors. Since the exchange rate in any country is considered one of the basic indicators in determining the degree of international competition and explaining the internal situation of that country's economy, with the aim of investigating the role of economic sanctions imposed on the exchange rate in Iran, this research was carried out. According to empirical studies, several visible and invisible factors have affected the exchange rate in the country; Factors that sometimes can not all be considered in one economic model; therefore, even with conventional methods, it is not possible to comment with certainty on the extent to which some of these factors affect the exchange rate. Based on this argument, in order to use an appropriate method, in order to investigate the effect of financial and commercial sanctions imposed on Iran along with other variables affecting the exchange rate in the period after the Islamic Revolution (1978-2020) from a fuzzy approach is used. The results show that severe economic sanctions with a high and strong fuzzy coefficient have had a positive and significant effect on the exchange rate in Iran. Also, liquidity, budget deficit, balance of payments, inflation and adaptive exchange rate expectations, respectively, after the severe sanctions, have had the greatest impact on increasing the exchange rate in recent years. The fuzzy coefficients obtained for the variables of oil revenues, the degree of openness of the economy, economic growth and interest rate on account of domestic investment deposit, indicate the negative effect of these variables on the exchange rate in Iran in this period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
519 - بررسی روشهای تأمین مالی با رشد سود آوری شرکتهای صنایع داروئی در ایران
علی نعمتی مجتبی کریمی رویا وحیدی مولوی -
Open Access Article
520 - ارزیابی مدلهای خطی و غیرخطی در پیشبینی شاخص قیمت سهام در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
علی اکبر خسروی نژاد مرجان شعبانی صدر پیشه -
Open Access Article
521 - Experimental investigation of the Black Scholes pricing model in Tehran Stock Exchange call option transactions
Koresh Nasiri Gholamreza AskarzadehAbstractWith the increasing progress of financial markets, human life has been directly and indirectly affected by financial markets. The financial markets of each country show the dynamics of financial institutions and instruments of that country. In the financial mark MoreAbstractWith the increasing progress of financial markets, human life has been directly and indirectly affected by financial markets. The financial markets of each country show the dynamics of financial institutions and instruments of that country. In the financial markets of advanced countries, financial instruments have been widely and continuously changing and improving in order to reach their maximum efficiency and on the other hand to minimize their investment risk. Therefore, new tools to cover the risk of transactions in the financial markets emerged. Trading option is one of these instruments whose price is subject to supply and demand like other financial instruments. But in this market, there are pricing models for this tool, the most important and widely used of which is the Black-Scholes pricing model. which is widely used among the traders of this tool for quoting. The purpose of this research is to measure the effectiveness of the Black-Scholes pricing model in the call option trading market in the Tehran Stock Exchange, the data used for which includes all published call option contracts in the Tehran Stock Exchange (including 1315 contracts published in the market in 26 basic asset symbols in 10 different industries and 25,760 trading days) in a 5-year period from 1395 to 1400, and during this path, error coefficients and U-tail indices were used to analyze the data. Results Research indicates that the suggested prices of the Black-Scholes model are priced higher than the price of call options. In addition, the percentage of deviations and U-theil in ITM profit call options is lower than that of OTM call options, so the pricing efficiency of the Black-Scholes model for the pricing of ITM call options It is more than the price of OTM call options. In addition, the amount of deviation of the suggested prices of the Black-Scholes model and transaction prices has decreased over time in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
522 - Analysis the effects of monetary policy on stock prices in the Iranian economy; Method of Bayesian Averaging and Augmented Time Varying Parameter- Vector Autoregression Approach
Maryam Rouhani Mahmoud Houshmand M. Taher Ahmadi ShadmehriAbstract One of the basic dimensions in the discussion of financial instability is the volatility of asset prices. The reason for the change in asset prices is not only the policies of the central bank, but examining its impact interprets an important part of its chang MoreAbstract One of the basic dimensions in the discussion of financial instability is the volatility of asset prices. The reason for the change in asset prices is not only the policies of the central bank, but examining its impact interprets an important part of its changes. In this research, based on the method of Bayesian averaging and principal component analysis, the monetary policy index effective on the stock price has been determined and through the TVP-FAVAR model, the effect of this variable on the stock price has been investigated in MATLAB software. According to the results, the changes of one standard deviation in the monetary policy index over time on stock prices have been U-shaped. Changes of one standard deviation in the monetary policy index had a positive and strong impact on stock prices in the beginning to the end of the period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
523 - بررسی اثر صادرات غیرنفتی بر نرخ ارز حقیقی در ایران
بهمن طهماسبی احمد جعفری صمیمی غلامعلی فرجادی -
Open Access Article
524 - WHEN DOES GOVERNMENT DEBT CROWD OUT PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN IRAN? DSGE APPOACH
طیبه نسرین دوست کریم امامی سید شمس الدین حسینی کامبیز پیکارجوIn this paper, the effect of government debt crowd out on private sector investment in the Iranian economy is investigated, using the New keynesian model in a stochastic dynamic equilibrium model (DSGE) and the Bayesian estimation solution method during the years 1997-2 MoreIn this paper, the effect of government debt crowd out on private sector investment in the Iranian economy is investigated, using the New keynesian model in a stochastic dynamic equilibrium model (DSGE) and the Bayesian estimation solution method during the years 1997-2017 .Financing government resources is important, especially in recent years, when government issues bonds and it is necessary to apply shocks and examine the effects of government policy. In this regard, several policy shocks have been applied to the system and the response between fiscal and monetary policies has been examined. The results show that direct government policy interventions are made, the effect of crowd out government debt on private investment is greater than in conditions where there is a market system or at least less government policy.Contrary to the conventional view, no systematic relationships between real interest rates and private investment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
525 - Determining Factors Affecting Optimal Risk Level, Optimal Capital Structure and Efficiency in Iranian Banks (Delphi-Fuzzy Approach)
میرحمید سادات سلماسی ایمان داداشی حمیدرضا غلام نیاروشنBanking capital and risk decisions are affected by laws, private incentives and capital market pressure. Focusing on examining these cases will explicitly provide an updated insight into empirical evidence on the impact of auditors 'regulations on capital and risk, and MoreBanking capital and risk decisions are affected by laws, private incentives and capital market pressure. Focusing on examining these cases will explicitly provide an updated insight into empirical evidence on the impact of auditors 'regulations on capital and risk, and provide an assessment of the evolution of banks' decision making mechanisms. Therefore, this research has determined the factors affecting the optimal level of risk and optimal capital structure in Iranian banks using Delphi-Fuzzy approach based on in-depth interview with experts and content analysis. After identifying the effective factors using content analysis and content analysis, 15 experts were interviewed. The Delphi-Fuzzy approach was used to determine the effect of the final factors. The results show that the most important factors affecting efficiency are physical capital cost, manpower cost, cost of funds, investment in securities and net facility. In addition, among the various factors, the variables of facility coverage rate, risk capacity and legal requirement will be the most important factors affecting the optimal level of risk in banks. Finally, minimum capital, minimum capital risk and minimum leverage ratio were considered as the most effective factors in determining optimal capital structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
526 - The optimal capital adequacy ratio in Islamic banks: the study of Iranian banks
محمود عیسوی حبیب انصاری سامانی فتح اله تاری حسن عموزادخلیلیRegarding the special role of banks in the economic system of countries and the world, there are considerable regulatory and control rules applied to them. With the rise and growth of Islamic banking, various studies and studies have been conducted to analyze the perfor MoreRegarding the special role of banks in the economic system of countries and the world, there are considerable regulatory and control rules applied to them. With the rise and growth of Islamic banking, various studies and studies have been conducted to analyze the performance and regulatory mechanisms of this industry. The rules of the Basel 2 agreement are among the most important in the international agreement, which is designed to provide banking security. Among the issues raised in this agreement, the observance of minimum capital adequacy has received much research attention. Given the inherent differences and constraints facing Islamic banks in Iran, Basel Committee's capital ratios may not necessarily be appropriate for this banking system. Then, by modeling its impact on bank profitability as the most important motivational index of banks, its optimal value for the Iranian banking system is determined. The results show that the designed model is well able to explain the relationship between capital adequacy and profit efficiency and the optimal capital adequacy ratio for optimizing bank profit efficiency was estimated at 12.5%.In the same way that healthy and efficient banks can be effective in economic growth, their unhealthy and poor performance can also lead to financial and economic crises. The WFTC has been reviewing and proposing capital requirements since 1988 and, most importantly, observing the minimum capital adequacy of banks. Calculation of capital adequacy requires consideration of capital and risk weighted assets. Due to the significant difference between the methods of financing and the use of funds and the type of contracts and payloads in the Islamic bank with the conventional bank, it is necessary to calculate and determine the minimum capital adequacy for an Islamic bank after identifying and classifying various types of assets, liabilities and capital And the amount of risk associated with each of them, taking into account its specific financial features. Therefore, this research intends to assess the suitability of a set of the most important indicators of banking healthy indicators, namely, capital ratios. To this end, the ratio of capital ratios (tire1+tire2) to risk weighted assets with technical efficiency of Islamic banks of Iran is reviewed. After calculating the technical efficiency index of banks by CCR and BCC, eight panel data regression models for the period 2003-2015 were estimated for 21 banks and more than 190 statistical samples. The results show that all four capital indicators have a positive and significant effect on the technical efficiency of the banks. However, tire1 capital to total assets ratio is the best explanatory variable among capital ratios for banking performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
527 - Chaos and Nonlinear Stock Price Index of Tehran Stock Exchange Chaos and Nonlinear Stock Price Index of Tehran Stock Exchange
قدرت اله امام وردی سمانه صفرزاده بیجار بنهAbstract The stock price indices are indispensable variables in economic systems, these usually complicated time series are almost stochastic, and hence their variation is assumed unpredictable. For this purpose, nonlinear and predictable examinations are used to test MoreAbstract The stock price indices are indispensable variables in economic systems, these usually complicated time series are almost stochastic, and hence their variation is assumed unpredictable. For this purpose, nonlinear and predictable examinations are used to test the existence of determined chaotic trend and nonlinear process in daily time series of Tehran’s stock index from 1387/4/8 to 1392/7/10.The results reflect that sign test proves the non-stochastic nature of price index. The BDS’ results and those of sign test show that stock price index follows a nonlinear process. The independence tests like BDS test, White test, Chow test, test the correlation between observations in which the results are affirmative. Moreover, the cointegration-adjusted tests are used for testing the chaotic process of the price index and the results of both are affirmative. For predicting the stock price index in ongoing periods, we have used ARFIMA, FIGARCH, LSTAR,and ESTAR. Among those models, which examine the existence of long run memory in stock price index, FIGARCH, which tests the long run memory and variance, has the most capacity of accurate prediction. Among the nonlinear models, ESTAR has the most capacity. At the last, prediction is reported for ten periods with the one head process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
528 - The Survey of New Financial Instruments functions on Tejarat Bank Performances in Iran
ali Esmaelzadeh hamideh amiri Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to identify the implementation of new financial instruments such as Sukuk,Mortgage, Derivatives, Future, certificate of Deposit and BondsonBank Tejarat performances variables.Based on a random sample survey research, w More Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to identify the implementation of new financial instruments such as Sukuk,Mortgage, Derivatives, Future, certificate of Deposit and BondsonBank Tejarat performances variables.Based on a random sample survey research, which consistedof 90 questionnaires during 2013.9 to 2014.2, we found that promoting new financinginstruments will have positive effects on performances indicators in Tejarat Bank. By using new financial Instruments,،Tejarat intermediary services such as absorption deposit and credit expansion will be promoted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
529 - Investigating the effect of financial crisis transfer mechanism (with emphasis on 2008 financial crisis and oil prices) and Markov switching causality on selected indices of Iran Stock Exchange
سمیرا نجفی استمال سید شمس الدین حسینی عباس معمارنژاد فرهاد غفاریIn this study, the effect of the crisis transfer mechanism (with emphasis on the 2008 financial crisis and oil prices) is first investigated. Representative of the effect of this mechanism (oil price known as a factor in the mechanism for transmitting crisis) Identify a MoreIn this study, the effect of the crisis transfer mechanism (with emphasis on the 2008 financial crisis and oil prices) is first investigated. Representative of the effect of this mechanism (oil price known as a factor in the mechanism for transmitting crisis) Identify and how it affects the selected index of the stock exchange, including banks, petroleum products, metal ores, cars with daily data from 2003- 07-05 to 2021-03-17 Modeling with the possibility of regime change (MS-VAR) has been modeled using the common probability distribution of the yield of selected indices and the self-regression vector model. Then, using the causality method, despite the regime change, we examine the oil causality on the selected indices of the stock exchange, whether the causality is one-way or two-way. The results show that the zero regime is more stable than the one regime and the tendency to stay in this regime is higher and the causality is from the oil side to the selected indicators and not vice versa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
530 - An Evaluation between Financial Development and Economic Growth Based on Post-Keynesian Macro- Model
فرهاد دژپسند ریحانه بخاراییAbstract One of the sections, which expand greatly, coincides with economic growth and development is financial sector of any economy. Although different opinions presented regarding the direction of causality between them, but the direction of causality and effect dep MoreAbstract One of the sections, which expand greatly, coincides with economic growth and development is financial sector of any economy. Although different opinions presented regarding the direction of causality between them, but the direction of causality and effect depends on the different stages of financial development and economic growth could be different. In this paper, the relationship between financial development and economic growth will be analyzed over the period of 1393-1353 by using post-Keynesian approach. In fact, the key question is whether financial development affects economic growth. With respect to the rate of more than 85 percent of money in financial market, in this paper indicator of financial depth has been used as an indicator of financial development. Using the simultaneous system of equations by generalized method of moments and structural Vector regression, the negative effect of financial development on economic growth has been shown. The results show that owing to the fact that Iran is a developing country and cannot allocate more resources to the development of the financial system, so financial markets do not have enough efficiency. Hence, the financial markets have failed to play an active role in real sector of economy and investment. As a conclusion, Post-Keynesian’s view of financial development and economic growth is rejected in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
531 - Measuring the Economic Efficiencies and Productivity of Natural Gas Refineries in Iran
علی امامی تیمور محمدی عارف بهروزAbstract This paper has been tried to measure technical, allocative and economic efficiency of natural gas refineries of Iran during 2003-2009 with using non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index.For this purpose, the input based method with th MoreAbstract This paper has been tried to measure technical, allocative and economic efficiency of natural gas refineries of Iran during 2003-2009 with using non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index.For this purpose, the input based method with three inputs and two output is used. The results showed that the average technical, allocative and economic efficiency, of provinces of the country during 2003-2009, respectively is 95 percent, 98.1 percent and 93 percent. Among natural gas refineries for calculation of the productivity, two refinery, on average, have experienced during 2003-2009 positive growth, and 4 other refinery, have experienced negative growth in productivity. During the year, interest in total factor productivity refineries growers an average of 8.2 percent had negative growth, negative growth of 8 percent due to changes in Technology efficiency . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
532 - Identifying the Key Sectors in the Tourism Industry of Iran: (An Input-Output Model Approach)
محمدرضا فرزین ابتهال زندی مرجان عبدی نیلوفر عباس پورOne of the method to recognize key sectors allocation resources priority in the the economy, is using Input-Output Table. Identifying the key sectors of the economy prevents from inadvertent investments and leads to deliberate economic activities and p MoreOne of the method to recognize key sectors allocation resources priority in the the economy, is using Input-Output Table. Identifying the key sectors of the economy prevents from inadvertent investments and leads to deliberate economic activities and proper prioritization for allocating the limited resources. Tourism industry, as an important economic sector, is composed of various subsectors which plays a crucial role in the economic growth and employment. In this paper, With Using an input-output model we identified key sectors in Tourism Industry and its impacts on the economc growth. Based on production elasticities among sectors as a measurement instrument, the findings suggest investment in the key sectors of tourism industry including road transport, libraries and museums, rail transport, and water transportation in order to achieve higher level of economic growth.In other hand, based on employment and income elasticities, transport services and water expansion as a key sectors were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
533 - Pricing The Gold Coin Options of Iran Mercantile Exchange Market:"Black Scholes" and "Put-Call Parity"Approaches Pricing The Gold Coin Options of Iran Mercantile Exchange Market:"Black Scholes" and "Put-Call Parity"Approaches
Nafishe Baharadmehr Narges TahmasabiAbstractThe purpose of this paper is to price the gold coin options contracts in the Iranʻs Exchange Market. For this purpose, the "Black Scholes" model has been used as well as the "Put-Call Parity" method. GARCH model and Statistical method have been used for the "Bla MoreAbstractThe purpose of this paper is to price the gold coin options contracts in the Iranʻs Exchange Market. For this purpose, the "Black Scholes" model has been used as well as the "Put-Call Parity" method. GARCH model and Statistical method have been used for the "Black Scholes" model. The data for six Gold Coin options in the Iran mercantile exchange has been obtained for period of 16/12/1395 to 1/4/1396. The results show that both the "Black Scholes" and the "put-call parity" suggest investors buy call options. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
534 - Development of blockchain technology acceptance model in the context of management accounting concepts
S. Sama Aleyasin Zahra PoorzamaniAbstract Business development based on synchronization with the world's technology is inevitable. In this direction and in this research, the adoption of the developed model of blockchain technology based on some concepts of management accounting, including cost manage MoreAbstract Business development based on synchronization with the world's technology is inevitable. In this direction and in this research, the adoption of the developed model of blockchain technology based on some concepts of management accounting, including cost management, innovation, self-efficacy of managers, strategic position and social impact has been discussed. The research method is a correlational survey among 246 accountants of Tehran Stock Exchange companies and accounting professors, which has been addressed by using structural equation modeling with the partial least squares (PLS) method. The research findings have shown that the application The reality of blockchain is affected by the willingness to use blockchain, which is also affected by the variables of understanding the ease and usefulness of blockchain use, both of which are affected by cost management, and also the understanding of ease is affected by the innovation and self-efficacy of managers and understanding Utility is influenced by social influence. In addition to enriching the theoretical research literature, the research results can be used for the development of businesses in order to determine strategies aligned with the new blockchain technology that will be used in various financial and operational dimensions and internal and external reporting Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
535 - Design a Model to Predict the Financial Crisis of the Iranian Capital market Using Smart Web Models
Maryam Roohisara masoud taherinia Hassan Zalaqi Ahmed SarlakAbstract As the managers due to decision-making and stakeholders, namely investors, tend to predict the occurrence or non-occurrence of financial crisis in the organization under their management, so the present study is aimed to provide a model for predicting this cri MoreAbstract As the managers due to decision-making and stakeholders, namely investors, tend to predict the occurrence or non-occurrence of financial crisis in the organization under their management, so the present study is aimed to provide a model for predicting this crisis. To achieve the research purpose, smart web models including grey wolf, ant colony optimization, particle swarm optimization and genetics algorithms were used. For this purpose, the data obtained from the questionnaire completed by 20 experts in the quality section and the data obtained from 173 companies from 2009 to 2019 listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) were used. 38 indices from the categories of macroeconomic indicators, industry factors, corporate characteristics, political, cultural and behavioral events were identified using the review of the theoretical basics. Then, 25 indicators with high impact on the financial crisis were selected using expert opinion and MICMAC analysis. Then, by reviewing the financial statements of 173 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) and using Rahavard Novin software, the data were collected from 25 selected indicators and their impact on the financial crisis was examined using gray wolf, ant colony, particle swarm and genetics algorithm to determine the final model of the research. It was found that in terms of efficiency, the ant colony optimization method is the most efficient and the gray wolf method is the least efficient in predicting the financial crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
536 - Providing marketing model in recession conditions
فرزانه فراهانی آزاد منصوره علیقلی سینا نعمتی زادهAbstract The purpose of this research is to provide a marketing model in recession conditions. The results of this study indicate the extraction of 6 main dimensions and 21 pivotal components which are in the form of a paradigm model including marketing proportional to MoreAbstract The purpose of this research is to provide a marketing model in recession conditions. The results of this study indicate the extraction of 6 main dimensions and 21 pivotal components which are in the form of a paradigm model including marketing proportional to recession conditions as a pivotal category and causal conditions (payments and bonuses during recession, economic and competitive situation during recession, rapid environmental changes during recession period and internal and external environmental conditions), underlying factors (the company's position in the market during recession, customer recognition and needs). They were in recession, creativity in marketing during the recession and marketing mix during the recession), interventionist conditions (increasing market share during the recession period, financial and human factors during the recession period, distribution channels and marketing network during the recession), strategies (differentiation strategy, cost strategy, contraction strategy and development strategy) and outcomes (continuation of customer relationship during recession, development of skills and creativity of enterprises and proper use of resources in the period stagnation) has been achieved Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
537 - رابطه بین قیمتهای نقدی و آتی سکه طلا در ایران
محسن مهرآرا فاطمه نائبی -
Open Access Article
538 - Pathology of Non-performing Loans with Emphasis on its Effective Factors
آزاده محرابیان رویا سیفی پورFrom an economic point increase in bad loans and non-performing loans could be the reason for the creation of a banking crisis. This study investigates the factors that affecting the formation of the current non-performing loans and requirements of its decline in the ec MoreFrom an economic point increase in bad loans and non-performing loans could be the reason for the creation of a banking crisis. This study investigates the factors that affecting the formation of the current non-performing loans and requirements of its decline in the economy of Iran. This paper is used the common theoretical, empirical studies, the experience of countries to reduce non-performing loans, specific conditions in Iran and appropriate econometric model. Model estimation for banks from year 1380 to 1393 indicates that the decline in economic growth, an increase in inflation rates and the exchange rate and also risky behavior of bank, credit growth and the size of banks are the important variables in the formation of non-performing loans Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
539 - The effect of financial indicators on economic growth in Islamic countries using a non-linear model
hadi agababei Manijeh Hadinjad S. Khashayar Seyed ShokriAbstract One of the factors that play an essential role in achieving the goal of rapid and continuous economic growth is the development of the financial sector of each country. Countries with a more developed financial system are on the path of faster economic growth MoreAbstract One of the factors that play an essential role in achieving the goal of rapid and continuous economic growth is the development of the financial sector of each country. Countries with a more developed financial system are on the path of faster economic growth because they make the economy in question capable of experiencing higher growth rates. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of financial development indicators on economic growth in member countries of the Islamic Conference; Therefore, in order to examine this topic, the present article used one of the newest econometric approaches called the PSTR model and measured the non-linear effect of financial development indicators on economic growth in the member countries of the Islamic Conference during the period from 2008 to 2022. The results obtained from the PSTR model indicate the existence of a non-linear relationship between the studied variables. In the final PSTR model, the slope parameter, which indicates the speed of adjustment from one regime to another regime, is equal to 21.0818, the location of regime change is estimated to be 10.5986. Therefore, if the financial development index (the ratio of internal credits of banks to gross domestic product) exceeds 10.5986 percent, the behavior of the variables will be according to the second regime, and if it is less than the above threshold, it will be placed in the first regime. The coefficients of the variables (percentages) have been estimated. The obtained results show that the financial development index (the ratio of internal credits of banks to gross domestic production) has a different effect on economic growth in both regimes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
540 - The Influence of Financial Development on Income Distribution in Some Selected Countries
منیره دیزجی محدثه آهنگری گرگری Abstract Since the development of institutions, agencies and financial markets of each country can have significant effects on income distribution of that country. The aim of this study is to examine the relation between the financial development and inequality More Abstract Since the development of institutions, agencies and financial markets of each country can have significant effects on income distribution of that country. The aim of this study is to examine the relation between the financial development and inequality in developed and developing countries by using generalized least square method(GLS) and generalized method of moments(GMM) and related theories, studied by entering variables like unemployment rate, the average years of schooling indices of human development, government size and per capita during the period 2000 to 2013. Thus, according to the ranking report of the United Nations Human Development(UNDP) in 2014, 35 countries with very high human development index and 32 countries with high and medium human development index have been selected as developed and developing countries, respectively, which these regions have had full data. The estimation results have been obtained using Stata14 and Eviews9. Empirical results obtained for developed countries, showed that the square of financial development is part of the descending inverted U curve. For developing countries, the estimation result of GLS approved the inverted U curve for the variables financial development and per capita income, while the GMM results income with income inequality, respectively. Finally, according to the above discussion, it can be concluded that for the developed and developing countries, the increase of financial institutions will reduce the income inequality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
541 - Government Spending and the Transmission Channels of Their Effects on Macroeconomic Variables: A DSGE Approach
انوشیروان تقی پور هما اصفهانیانAbstract In the literature, it is emphasized on the role of government spending in business cycle of economic activities, especially in the developing countries where public investment alongside with other government tools uses for economic growth stimulation. However, MoreAbstract In the literature, it is emphasized on the role of government spending in business cycle of economic activities, especially in the developing countries where public investment alongside with other government tools uses for economic growth stimulation. However, the effect of government spending depends on how the spending is financed. Oil in the Iranian economy plays a significant role, so that more than 45% of the budget is directly financed by oil revenue. Therefore, oil plays a major role in macroeconomic variables fluctuations. The aim of this paper is that while explaining the business cycle behavior of the oil income, its relation with some relevant macroeconomic variables including government expenditures, investment, growth, inflation and money is examined as well. To end this, we use a new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model to explain the transmission channels of oil revenues effect on macroeconomic variables through the government budget, public capital stock and monetary base channels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
542 - مدل سازی علل درونی معوق شدن تسهیلات قرض الحسنه به روش "حد آستانه" (مورد کاربرد : بانک قرضالحسنه رسالت)
حسین میرزایی ابراهیم کریمی اصل -
Open Access Article
543 - Assessing the Relationship Between Internal and External Information Shocks and Investor Behavioral Biases
Maryam Moradi Zahra PourzamaniAbstract Classical economics and the study of financial markets from a normative point of view have their foundations laid in the rationality of economic agents. The main hypothesis revolves around decision making under rationality. on the other hand,investors do not a MoreAbstract Classical economics and the study of financial markets from a normative point of view have their foundations laid in the rationality of economic agents. The main hypothesis revolves around decision making under rationality. on the other hand,investors do not act as if they are rational,the contrary,exhibit many biases that lead to poor investment decisions in specific contexts.These cognitive errors are due to investors’ inability to certainly know market movements for the next periods, which inclines them to make biased decisions.This paper wishes to analyze the behavior of investors from Tehran Stock Exchange to see if they are prone to behavioral bias under the conditions of information shock. To achieve the research goal, data of 106 sample companies were collected in the period 2013-2020 and analyzed by descriptive-correlation analysis using multiple regression test. The results showed that there was only a significant relationship between internal information shock (fundamental changes in institutional ownership) and behavioral bias of investors' Loss aversion and Self-control Bias and no significant relationship was found with other internal and external shocks. Also, there is no significant relationship between internal and external shocks and behavioral bias of Information Salience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
544 - Analyze the impact of trade liberalization on unemployment: a case study of selected developing countries
alireaz amini solale moradzadehAbstract Trade liberalization execution, because of positive effect on productivity or efficiency, considered by policymakers in most developing countries. One of the concerns of developing countries in the implementation of the policy, is the negative impact on employ MoreAbstract Trade liberalization execution, because of positive effect on productivity or efficiency, considered by policymakers in most developing countries. One of the concerns of developing countries in the implementation of the policy, is the negative impact on employment. In this regard, the present study is to answer the question of whether trade liberalization leads to an increase in unemployment in developing countries? In order to maintain a relatively homogeneous economic structure, eighteen upper-middle income country such as Iran is selected. Data which used in this project are for the years 2000-2009. We used defined indicator by the Fraser Institute entitled “freedom to trade internationally” for Trade liberalization Variable. Econometric method used in this study is generalized method of moments (GMM). Results of the study show that trade liberalization has a negative and meaningful effect on unemployment rate. This means that trade liberalization can have positive effect on increasing employment and decreasing unemployment. Also GDP has negative and meaningful effect on unemployment and labor force and capital per head variables have positive and meaningful effect on unemployment According to theoretical expectations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
545 - بررسی همگرایی بلند مدت قیمت مسکن در مناطق شهر تهران
فرهاد دژپسند لادن محتوی -
Open Access Article
546 - An Analysis of Household Demand Absorption as a financial asset against Inflation volatility in IRAN
بیژن باصری غفار کیانی محمود ملکی پورToday’s Financial Stability plays a vital role in economic performance. Financial Stability influences prices and change asset composition in household portfolio. The aim of this paper is to examine various component of household demand as a financial non-tradable MoreToday’s Financial Stability plays a vital role in economic performance. Financial Stability influences prices and change asset composition in household portfolio. The aim of this paper is to examine various component of household demand as a financial non-tradable asset in compare with some selected countries experiences. Based on OLS Method we estimate household income demand elasticity’s in 31 provinces in Iran during 2011-2018.The findings show characters of stability and certainties of household as a consumer and permanent asset plays a vital role against inflation volatility. The low knowledge of individuals in financial markets (stock market, gold, options, futures…) low skills, the lack of professionally, huge volatility in stock market plays on individual households asset demand. In addition, historical, cultural dependency and interfere of financial institutional affected household demand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
547 - A Projection of Energy Consumption in Iranian Agriculture Sector
ابراهیم عباسیAbstract Agriculture productions are dependent to fossil fuels and other energy resources. Any damage in providing energy in agriculture sector has significant effect on its output productivity. Statisticsshow that the total amount of energy consumption in the agricult MoreAbstract Agriculture productions are dependent to fossil fuels and other energy resources. Any damage in providing energy in agriculture sector has significant effect on its output productivity. Statisticsshow that the total amount of energy consumption in the agriculture sectorduring 1370-1388 has increased from 1.33 million barrels of crude oil to 4.43 (equivalent to 1.3 times higher). Petroleum products are the main sources of energy consumed in this sector. Inthis paper, in order to forecast the energy consumption, value added of agriculture sector by anARIMA model has been calculated. Then based on the average energy intensity in existing situation (7.0) andfuture years we forecasted three scenarios for energy consumption (Onefavorable and two unfavorable scenarios) up to 1410. High-energy intensity will create social costs and damages to environmental via emission of greenhouse gases. Subsidy payment to energy consumption has led to vulnerability to environmental problem .Inorder to optimize the energy consumption and reduce its intensity in theagricultural sector different strategies should be considered such as decreased in the use of fossilenergy and using new energies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
548 - The Effect of Currency Rate Fluctuation on stock Return of Companies Admitted in Tehran Stock Exchange
حمیدرضا وکیلی فر ملیحه علی فریAbstract Security exchange has a particular spot in the country's financial system and development of capital market depends on this institutes activities within the country. Accumulating small amounts of deposits and available liquidity, and guiding them toward MoreAbstract Security exchange has a particular spot in the country's financial system and development of capital market depends on this institutes activities within the country. Accumulating small amounts of deposits and available liquidity, and guiding them toward the producing goods and service process in the country are two significant usages of the security exchange. Investors who take part in the security exchange include a vast variety of people that always are trying to decrease risk and increase proportional return. Thus recognizing the factors which effect the return on securities has a material effect on more in deeps analysis and making more proper by the investors. So in this case we study the effect of five important macro economic variables on the total risk and returns of the enterprises admitted in Tehran Security Exchange under cement, petro chemistry, and automobile industries within 1377-1390. The aim of this study is to recognize a balance relation between macro economic variables and their effects on the total stock return. This thesis studies includes 2 hypotheses. This study suggested that there is not correlated relation between the total risk ,returns of the stock and macro economic variables for enterprises admitted in Tehran Security Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
549 - Hedging stock price of listed industries with exchange rate (Multidisciplinary industry, banking and investment)
مریم بذرائی صالح قویدل قدرت اله امام وردی محمود محمودزادهThis study investigates hedging stock price of the selected industries listed in stock exchange with exchange rate, in order to manage risks of investors in capital market. To do se, the ADCC and DCC models are used. The data for this investigation includes daily stock MoreThis study investigates hedging stock price of the selected industries listed in stock exchange with exchange rate, in order to manage risks of investors in capital market. To do se, the ADCC and DCC models are used. The data for this investigation includes daily stock return of the listed industries and exchange rate during 2008-2020. The results suggest that there exists symmetric correlation between stock price of these industries and exchange rate in both currency crises. Moreover, in both crises, the highest hedging effectiveness is associated with multidisciplinary industry and investment, whereas the lowest effectiveness is for banking. On the other hand, the biggest rate of hedging in the first and second currency crisis belongs to multidisciplinary industry and banking, respectively. The lowest rate of hedging in both crises belongs to investment industry and the highest weighted mean of optimal portfolio in both crises is found in banking industry. The results of this study provide the investors the opportunity to use hedging and asset allocation strategies in optimal way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
550 - export of hand-woven carpets in the field of personal economic interests (Case study: Sistan hand-woven carpets)
سعید عبدالمنافی علی اکبر نقابی محمد مجد عاملی سمیه ایزدی راضیه پهلوانیEconomic sanctions have long been used as a tool in the foreign policy of some countries against others. Iran is not outside the scope of this policy and has been under severe economic sanctions for more than a decade. The development of the hand-woven carpet industry i MoreEconomic sanctions have long been used as a tool in the foreign policy of some countries against others. Iran is not outside the scope of this policy and has been under severe economic sanctions for more than a decade. The development of the hand-woven carpet industry is especially important for Iran, which faces problems such as rising unemployment, limited access to foreign exchange resources, oil economy, tax evasion, high inflation, and so on. This study deals with the impact of economic sanctions on personal economic interests and carpet development from the perspective of weavers and those involved in hand-woven carpets in Sistan in the economic, socio-cultural and environmental dimensions of the carpet industry. Research shows that economic sanctions in the field of individual economic interests affect the economic, socio-cultural and environmental dimensions of the carpet industry from the perspective of handicraft suppliers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
551 - An Appraisal of Rating of Mutual Funds Performance in Iran
امید علی عادلیThe mutual funds are suitable instrument for individuals and legal in order to investment. Evaluating and rating of these mutual funds can be useful guide for investment. The aim of this study was ranked active mutual fund in Iran. For this purpose, the statistical data MoreThe mutual funds are suitable instrument for individuals and legal in order to investment. Evaluating and rating of these mutual funds can be useful guide for investment. The aim of this study was ranked active mutual fund in Iran. For this purpose, the statistical data during December -2011 to the end of the period of December 2016 (5 years) is used. The mutual funds selected on the basis traditional criteria and DEA are ranked. Then, according to numerous criteria to rank the full funds have been used TOPSIS. Input and output surplus return funds in traditional measures of risk indicators and data envelopment analysis inputs and outputs, including a variety of risk factors, including the rate of return and of course have been better. After ranking all funds with 8 criteria to criteria used in the ranking of TOPSIS. The results showed that among the 17 funds surveyed Firouzeh, Burseiran and Agah aware ranked first to third and Pishgam fund, brokerage Agricultural Bank fund and the Ganjeneh Refah fund have the final ranking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
552 - The analysis of permanent and temporary fluctuations of Brent Oil & Relative Industries Index With Gold, Currency Index: Network Approach
تیمور محمدی عبدالرسول قاسمی عاطفه تکلیف علی صادقینIn this study, we employed the CGARCH model, the vector auto-regression and graph analysis, to analyze permanent and temporary fluctuations of Brent oil, gold, currency, petrochemical and petroleum industries index and Tehran stock exchange index. Data of this study inc MoreIn this study, we employed the CGARCH model, the vector auto-regression and graph analysis, to analyze permanent and temporary fluctuations of Brent oil, gold, currency, petrochemical and petroleum industries index and Tehran stock exchange index. Data of this study includes the daily and weekly observations of the above variables from 2008 to 2018. The results showed that the fluctuations of Brent oil prices, oil and petrochemical industries were the most affected. Therefore, in the short term, these fluctuations in oil and related industries have the greatest impact on fluctuations in the stock market, currency and gold in Iran. However, according to daily and weekly data, permanent gold fluctuations and Tehran Stock Exchange index have the most impact on the volatility of other variables. In addition, based on daily data, the fluctuations of the oil products index, exchange rate and gold are the most important given the criteria presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
553 - تحلیل تأثیر بازار بورس بین المللی بر بازار بورس ایران : استفاده از رهیافت سیستم دینامیکی و GARCH
نعمت فلیحی تیمور محمدی معصومه شاه کرم اوغلی -
Open Access Article
554 - بررسی اثر نوسانات قیمت نفت خام بر شاخص بازدهی بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
محمد علی خطیب سمنانی معصومه شجاعی مسعود شجاعی خسروشاهی -
Open Access Article
555 - Analyzing the Impact of Financial Policy (Total Income Tax) on Income Distribution in Selected OECD Countries
حسن ملااسمعیلی دهشیری جمشید پژویان فرهاد غفاری سید شمس الدین حسینیAbstract Economic justice and equitable distribution of income, along with important issues such as economic growth and development, the reduction of inflation and unemployment, have always been of concern to economists. Fair distribution of income and reduction of inc MoreAbstract Economic justice and equitable distribution of income, along with important issues such as economic growth and development, the reduction of inflation and unemployment, have always been of concern to economists. Fair distribution of income and reduction of income inequality in society, and the identification of factors affecting income inequality to make the right policy are necessary and obvious. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of financial policy (total income tax) on income distribution (GINI CO) in OECD countries. In this regard, panel data approach has been used to investigate the impact of total income tax on gini CO for 6 selected OECD countries from 2000 to 2015. The results show that an increase in inflation index and unemployment index leads to a increase in income inequality and that an increase in income tax revenues leads to a reduction in income inequality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
556 - The impact of the real exchange rate on the eve of the trade-growth nexus in Iran threshold regression model (TR)
جعفر قادری بهنام ایزدی زهور نژاد حلافی فرانک خسرویBased on the impact of foreign trade on economic growth, various theories has established which according to them many policies and strategies have introduced. As a fact, the performance of trade depends on many factors, like, real exchange rate; the effect MoreBased on the impact of foreign trade on economic growth, various theories has established which according to them many policies and strategies have introduced. As a fact, the performance of trade depends on many factors, like, real exchange rate; the effect of real exchange rate on economic growth efficiency has studied in this paper. In this regard, the main point of this study is to estimate optimum threshold point of real exchange rate in growth- trade link in Iranian economy during 1971-2012.in doing so, TR technique has used for considering the data extracted from Iranian central bank reports and statistical center of Iran. Results confirm a negative influence of foreign trade on economic growth in high level of the optimum exchange rate. Also, according to the main findings, efficient rate of real exchange rate for Iranian economic is equal to 9892 Rials. So, by increasing real exchange rate more than this level, one percentage of increasing economic openness index, due to decreasing economic growth to 0.090517 %, while the same increasing of exchange rate in lower level of threshold rate make positive economic growth to 0.054%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
557 - Investigating Impact of Market Structure and Asymmetric Information on Performance of Active Firms on the Tehran Stock Exchange in a Dynamic Model
Monir Sadat MirjamaliMehrabadi Abbas Najafizadeh Majid Zanjirdar Peyman GhafariAshtianiAbstractIn the stock market, information plays an important role, if there is information asymmetry in market, maybe over time, the market moves toward incomplete competition models. The Tehran Stock Exchange, as the largest and most integrated part of the Iran capital MoreAbstractIn the stock market, information plays an important role, if there is information asymmetry in market, maybe over time, the market moves toward incomplete competition models. The Tehran Stock Exchange, as the largest and most integrated part of the Iran capital market, does not have much history and as a result, several factors affect the activities of this market. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the factors affecting the performance of these firms. For this purpose, the 40 active firms in the Tehran Stock Exchange whose data are available are considered. The required data of the study were collected from the Tehran Stock Exchange site, the Rahavard Novin software and balance sheets of these firms during the period of 2008-2018 and models are estimated using with STATA 14. The performance variable in this study has three proxies including ROA, ROE and EBT indexes. The data analysis was done with GMM Dynamic Panel. Two main variables of market structure and asymmetric information are examined. The results show that the former have a direct relationship and the later have an inverse relationship with firm performance. The results also indicate that the information asymmetry trend is increasing and monopolistic competition is the best description of the degree of competition among the active firms of the Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
558 - بررسی اثر نوسانات نرخ ارز بر اشتغال در ایران
کریم امامی الهه ملکی -
Open Access Article
559 - واژههای کلیدی: سرریز تلاطم ، معاملات اختلال زا ، بازارهای مالی ، مدل آرچ ، مدل گارچ . طبقه بندی JEL : C22.C32.G11,G4
Sharara Taheri Abdul Majid Abdul Baqi Attaabadi majid vaziri sarashk Mohammad Hossein ArmanAbstract Financial markets are currently experiencing sharp volatility. The turbulent environment of financial markets, the close relationship in these markets and the significant impact it has on the country's economy, as well as the urgent need to predict future fina MoreAbstract Financial markets are currently experiencing sharp volatility. The turbulent environment of financial markets, the close relationship in these markets and the significant impact it has on the country's economy, as well as the urgent need to predict future financial and economic scenarios, have led researchers to explore and analyze these inter-market relationships. Studying how the returns and volatility in one market affect other markets has always been one issue that helps investors and policymakers to make optimal decisions. Given the importance of volatility spillovers in the Iranian financial market, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the volatility in the foreign exchange, gold markets to the capital market in Iran. In this regard, in this study, the effect of volatility spillover and noise trading of gold and foreign exchange markets on volatility in capital market returns has been investigated. This descriptive study was conducted using the daily and monthly data from the foreign exchange, gold, and capital markets from 2010 to 2019 and to analyze the data, ARCH and GARCH models have been used. The results of this study showed that the abnormal volatility of the capital market in the previous day positively affects the abnormal volatility of the capital market today, indicating that if money flows in the capital market, which indicates the flow of money in the capital market from yesterday, increasing the transfer of emotions to the current capital market. In addition, the abnormal volatility in the of gold and foreign exchange markets in the previous today has a positive effect on the abnormal volatility in the capital market today. The positive effect of this effect indicates the flow of money in the foreign exchange and gold markets and its volatility spillover into the capital market. Overall, the findings of this study confirmed the positive impact of the foreign exchange and gold markets on the abnormal volatility in the capital market in the short term (daily) and long term (monthly). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
560 - Factors affect of Non performacing Loan in Iran
kashayar seyed shokri somayeh garosiAbstract Today, one of the major problems of banks and financial/credit institutions is outstanding and deferred loans. Non-performing loans decrease financial ability of banks to grant new loans and the bank's profitability and increase collection costs and the other MoreAbstract Today, one of the major problems of banks and financial/credit institutions is outstanding and deferred loans. Non-performing loans decrease financial ability of banks to grant new loans and the bank's profitability and increase collection costs and the other hand it adverse effects on the banking and financial sectors, and the wider dimensions, on the people through the financial and monetary crises. Due to the loss of the entire banking system and the economy through this, it will be necessary to address this important issue. Therefore, in addition to consider the previous studies that considered the endogenous and exogenous factors affecting the Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) ratio, the effect of GDP growth and inflation variables as macroeconomic variables to show the impact of macroeconomic conditions on banks Non-Performing Loans (NPLs)ratio, was considered. Also management quality, size, and moral hazard as the banking system specific factors were used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
561 - The effect of foreign aid on per capita income growth in some selected Developing countries from Asia and Africa
کریم امامی نجمه آزاد وارAbstract Capital formation is one of the important factors in economic development. Developing countries are usually known with poor economies or ventures descend. In these countries not only current reserves of capital is low but also the concentration of capital. Due MoreAbstract Capital formation is one of the important factors in economic development. Developing countries are usually known with poor economies or ventures descend. In these countries not only current reserves of capital is low but also the concentration of capital. Due to the lack of internal funds for financing in developing countries, is one of proposed solutions on an international scale is import of capital such as loans, credits and grants from developed countries. Therefore, the effect of foreign aid as a foreign financial flow to developing countries to promote economic development is essential and knowledge of these effects will lead to the right decisions for the optimal use of these contributions. This study investigates the impact of foreign aid on growth in per capita income. We employ panel data over the years 1987 to 2010 in selected developing countries from Asia and Africa deals. The result show the effectiveness of foreign aid on per capita income growth is negative but small. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
562 - ارزیابی چگونگی عوامل تاثیرگذار بانکی بر مطالبات غیرجاری بانک-های ایران )رویکرد مدل پانل پویا GMM)
نادر حکیمی پور -
Open Access Article
563 - Presenting the policy model of the talent management system in the country's banking network
Fateme Memari Vahid AraeiAbstractThe aim of the current research is to identify the needs, find talent, attract and retain human resources talent in the country's banking network in order to provide a policy model for the talent management system. The research method is qualitative and to analy MoreAbstractThe aim of the current research is to identify the needs, find talent, attract and retain human resources talent in the country's banking network in order to provide a policy model for the talent management system. The research method is qualitative and to analyze the text of the interviews and identify the criteria and indicators, the analysis and theme analysis technique was used, and the data were analyzed during three stages of primary, secondary and selective coding. The statistical population includes 15 academic experts related to talent management and human resource managers of banks, and a combination of targeted judgment methods and snowball methods were used to select the sample. According to the results, the model of the talent management system in the country's banking network is based on three main components of input, talent management process and output, and banks should move towards talent management based on the dimensions of these components and in this context Don't be hasty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
564 - An Investigation of the Relationship between Taxation and Economic Growth (The Case Study: Iran, OPEC and OECD Countries)
ایوب فرامرزی مجید دشتبان فاروجی نادر حکیمی پور صادق علیپور امیر جباریAbstract Tax revenues considers as one of the most important sources of financing and as an effective instrument for fiscal policy in the most economies. The many economists have done experimental and theoretical studies about the effects of taxes on economic growth in MoreAbstract Tax revenues considers as one of the most important sources of financing and as an effective instrument for fiscal policy in the most economies. The many economists have done experimental and theoretical studies about the effects of taxes on economic growth in different countries. For this purpose, this study investigated the relationship between the taxes and economic growth in Iran, OECD and OPEC selected countries. The results of this article for Iran during 1963-2011 has indicated that no cause relationship between taxes and economic growth. Johansen test also showed that the tax have not effected on economic growth. This Result also in 26 OECD member countries during 1998 to 2011 using the VAR-Panel model shows have cause relationship between taxes and economic growth. However, these results from Pedroni and Kao tests also indicate that have no cause relationship between taxes and economic growth in OPEC selected countries during 1994-2011. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
565 - A survey of Financing Projects Mechanisms in Oil Industry of Iran
ابراهیم عباسی سید ایمان مصطفویAbstract Hyrocarbonic product including Oil & Gas export revenues play a central role in economy , social & political stability as well as the security of exporting countries . These nations are mainly categorized as developing countries and are heavily depende MoreAbstract Hyrocarbonic product including Oil & Gas export revenues play a central role in economy , social & political stability as well as the security of exporting countries . These nations are mainly categorized as developing countries and are heavily dependent on capital, management & the advance trchnology of Oil majors for exploitation of their underground reserves. On the other side the foreign Oil companies (FOCs) require security and a promising long term profit to secure any investment in host countries. These two groups mainly come together and enter in to agreement within what we refer to as Oil & Gas contracts in which the parties stipulate and agree on all the terms and conditions as well as their financial expectations thereof. Factors such as restrictions posed by legal systems, public’s historical background, economical and political status of the nation a long with several others may motivate or discourage a country as to adopt or avoid a certain type of contract. Adopting a certain type of contract may in long run affect the outcomes drastically either towards or against interests of host countries. This research, after analyzing , various finance project types conventional in Oil & Gas industry, comparing their merits and pitfalls and reviewing criticisms ; aims at proposing apprpaiate options for Iran. Using the Analytical Hierachy Process (AHP) , this research compares Buy-back , Concession and Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) together to find the optimum contractual method in finance and project implemention in oil upstream section for both independent and Iranian joint fields . the most important decision-making criteria for making contract in upstream section for oil and gas industry are classified to “Befor” and “After” contract approval. the criteria were selected by Delphi method. To do this research , two questioners were filled out by professionals in oil industry in two stages and the data was analyzed by EC software. The analysis of data indicates that the Buy-back are preferable than PSCs and Concession contracts in independent fields (63.4%) and the PSCs are preferable than Buy-back and Concession contracts in joint fields Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
566 - Consequences of the policymaker's reaction to speculative attacks in the foreign exchange market: The role of the quality of political institutions
Shahram Jafarzadeh Gollo Hossein Abbasinejhad Teymour rahmani Sajjad BarkhordariAbstract Monetary policymakers can choose between intervention or non-intervention to defend the national currency against speculative attacks in the foreign exchange market. Given the incomplete information of the central bank about the severity of the attack, it is n MoreAbstract Monetary policymakers can choose between intervention or non-intervention to defend the national currency against speculative attacks in the foreign exchange market. Given the incomplete information of the central bank about the severity of the attack, it is necessary to be aware of the relative consequences of each of the reactions in the unit of economic indicators as a result of each of its possible responses. This study examines these consequences in the unit of changes in GDP and inflation for developing and emerging countries and in the period 1960 to 2018 examines the role of the quality of political institutions between selected countries. The results obtained from the instantaneous reaction functions for GDP and inflation as a result of three possible types of central bank responses including intervention with success, intervention with failure and non-intervention in the foreign exchange market show that in the absence of quality indicators of political institutions Low cost will not face a clear and unequivocal answer. In terms of the quality of political institutions, intervention in the foreign exchange market is preferred in the group of countries with high quality political institutions due to the increasing reputation and credibility of the policies announced by the Independent Central Bank. Findings show that in the group of countries with moderate quality of political institutions, non-intervention of policymakers in the foreign exchange market is associated with increased GDP growth and low inflation and is preferable to intervention in the foreign exchange market. In the group of countries with low quality political institutions, intervention in the foreign exchange market is less risky than non-intervention, and the low-cost response is to defend the national currency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
567 - Structural equations relationship between asset growth, profit continuity, profit management and investment opportunities with profit sharing and company value
Abdolrasoul Rahmanian Koushkaki Hossein TaheriAbstract The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between assets growth, profit continuity, profit management and investment opportunities with profit sharing and company value among companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical MoreAbstract The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between assets growth, profit continuity, profit management and investment opportunities with profit sharing and company value among companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical sample of the research includes 113 active companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2015 to 2019. Structural equation modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS) was used for statistical analysis. The findings of this study showed that assets growth, profit continuity, investment opportunities and profit management have an effect on dividends. There is also a significant relationship between earnings management and dividends. Finally, the distributed profit, assets growth, and the continuity of profit affect the company's performance. Finally, the distributed profit, the growth of assets, and the continuity of profit affect the company's performance. Finally, the distributed profit, profit growth, and the continuity of profit affect the company's performance. When investors determine the value of the company in terms of accounting data, it is necessary to consider the growth rate of assets. When the company does not have a shortage of available cash, the manager does not face a serious problem in allocating resources between investment opportunities and profit distribution. The growth of assets creates value for a company. Managers mostly proceed with profit continuation; Because the amount of profit and its fluctuation is important from the point of view of the company's shareholders and it affects the value of the company. Using investment opportunities and adopting favorable debt and profit sharing policies, which are among the tools of financial decisions, can improve the position of the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
568 - The effect of economic variables on the behavior of stock prices of companies admitted to the stock exchange
Leila Asiabii Aghdam Ashkan Rahimzadeh Yadollah RajaeiAbstractCausal relationships and dynamic interactions between macroeconomic variables and stock price index are very important in formulating macroeconomic policies and political policies of a country. In this article, the effect of economic variables on the behavior of MoreAbstractCausal relationships and dynamic interactions between macroeconomic variables and stock price index are very important in formulating macroeconomic policies and political policies of a country. In this article, the effect of economic variables on the behavior of the stock price of the company admitted to the stock exchange was investigated. The research method of this article is based on the purpose of the article (examining the effect of economic variables on the behavior of the stock price of a company admitted to the stock exchange) and is of an applied type. An attempt was made in this article; By explaining the theory and designing a model and using the econometric methods of the TAR threshold self-return model, the effect of economic variables on the behavior of the stock price of the company admitted to the stock exchange was investigated. In reviewing and compiling the subject literature, statistical tables and global databases were used to collect the required statistics and quantitative information. The statistical population of this research is all the economic variables of the research, which are the data of the research variables from 1370 to 1398 (a period of twenty-nine years). The results of the analyzes using the econometric methods of the TAR threshold self-return model, there is a significant relationship between the economic variables and the stock price index in the stock exchange, but in the regime of the behavior of the variables on the stock price index in the stock exchange. Is different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
569 - An Investigation of Monetary PoliciesEffects on Properties Pricing In Iran
مجید احمد لوAbstract This paper investigates monetary policies effects on property pricing for the case of Iran over the period 1369-1392. For this objective, we apply Co-integration technique and vector error correction model (VECM). We obtain Data set from Iran’s cen MoreAbstract This paper investigates monetary policies effects on property pricing for the case of Iran over the period 1369-1392. For this objective, we apply Co-integration technique and vector error correction model (VECM). We obtain Data set from Iran’s central bank time series database. The results of this study showed that there is a short-run and long run relationship from bank credit and a long-run relationship from liquidity and inflation to physical property prices. In addition, there is a short-run and long run relationship from inflation and a long-run relationship from liquidity and banks short-run profit rate to financial property prices. These results suggest that monetary effects on especially financial property prices appear with time lag. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
570 - Estimation of Economic Growth Model in Selected Developing Countries: Generalized Method of Moments Approach
Monireh Pourali yadollah Rajaei Mohammad DalmanporAbstract One of the basic goals of any society is to achieve economic growth with less ‎fluctuations. In fact, achieving sustainable economic growth and economic stability is one of ‎the main goals of any country. If the existing economic base and the future pe MoreAbstract One of the basic goals of any society is to achieve economic growth with less ‎fluctuations. In fact, achieving sustainable economic growth and economic stability is one of ‎the main goals of any country. If the existing economic base and the future perspective ‎indicate economic stabilization, the path of long-term investment growth will be strengthened, ‎otherwise, the capital will be inclined to the service, trading and hoarding sectors, and in the ‎long term, it will reduce the economic growth rate. In this article, the effect of macro-‎economic indicators (international trade, human capital, physical capital, inflation and foreign ‎debt) and institutional indicators (combined index consisting of the components of voice and ‎accountability, political stability without violent, government effectiveness, regulatory ‎quality, rule of law and Corruption Control) and corruption control) on economic growth ‎were investigated and analyzed in 15 selected developing countries during the years 2006 to ‎‎2019 with the generalized method of moments (GMM). The regression results showed that, ‎among macroeconomic variables, inflation and foreign debts had a negative effect on ‎economic growth, but international trade, human capital and physical capital had a positive ‎effect on economic growth. The combined index of institutional factors also had a positive ‎effect on economic growth.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
571 - The Effects of Targeted Subsidies on Iindustry and Mine Sector (A Computable General Equilibrium Approach)
علی اکبر خسروی نژاد سجاد برخورداری زوار پرمهThis article seeks to analyze the effects of targeted energy subsidies on the industrial sector. For this purpose, the Computable General Equilibrium model was used.At the sector level, the combination of increases in energy prices, exchange rates and interest rates hav MoreThis article seeks to analyze the effects of targeted energy subsidies on the industrial sector. For this purpose, the Computable General Equilibrium model was used.At the sector level, the combination of increases in energy prices, exchange rates and interest rates have been a total of eight scenarios. In scenario increase in energy prices (4 scenarios) employment of labor in the mining and services sectors increased, but in agriculture and industry sectors is reduced. Production of industrial sectors, mining and services will increase in all four scenarios. In all four scenarios to reduce agricultural exports, but exports of industrial, mining and services increases. In scenario increase in energy prices and 81 percent increase in exchange rate, employment for services and mining sectors is increasing, but employment in the industrial and agriculture sectors decreases.Results show that increasing exchange rate with the increase in energy prices offset part of the negative effects of rising prices on exports and is also part of the negative effects of rising energy prices on production also compensates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
572 - ارزشگذاری اقتصادی سایتهای تفریحی با استفاده از رویکرد هزینه سفر انفرادی تکمنظوره؛ مطالعه موردی: سایت دربند تهران
رحمان خوش اخلاق سید وحید صفایی فرد بهناز ورشوساز -
Open Access Article
573 - Presentation of Smart Money Model in Iranian Stock Market Based on Grounded Theory
خدیجه عیدان ترک زاده فرزین رضایی محسن صیقلیThe purpose of the present study is to present a smart money model in the Iranian stock market given its conditions and structure, so that all individuals active in the capital market can act more consciously and more professionally.The method based on this theory is ba MoreThe purpose of the present study is to present a smart money model in the Iranian stock market given its conditions and structure, so that all individuals active in the capital market can act more consciously and more professionally.The method based on this theory is based on data Which is collected through regular interviews with experts and have been analyzed and its purpose, making a theory that is honest and enlightening in the field under study. The statistical population includes capital market experts and academic experts in the field of finance and investment. The sample consisted of 12 semi-structured interviews with snowball sampling Open, axial and selective coding was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the obtained model includes causal conditions (macroeconomic factors, global market situation, country's political climate, industry and corporate factors), context conditions (laws and regulations issued by the government and organization, trading infrastructure).Intervening Conditions (Legal and Real Investor Behavior, Parallel Markets Behavior), Entering smart money into Iranian stock market. Strategies conditions include (market entry strategy, return strategy) and (micro and macro) as consequences were defined, which increased liquidity, the value of transactions and to some extent the index are also micro-consequences and at the macro level it leads to the development and expansion of the market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
574 - Investigating the impact of inflation and stock market index on bank profitability (Case study of Karafin, Eghtesad-e Novin and Saman Banks)
Reza Rahimi Ali Akbar BaghestanyAbstractBanks are economic units that affected by shocks. Because their sources and expenses are affected by the impact of unexpected economic shocks. This study investigates and analyzes the effects of inflation and changes in the stock exchange index on the profitabil MoreAbstractBanks are economic units that affected by shocks. Because their sources and expenses are affected by the impact of unexpected economic shocks. This study investigates and analyzes the effects of inflation and changes in the stock exchange index on the profitability of three selected banks, Karafin, Eghtesad-e Novin and Saman Banks during the period of 2014-2015 using panel data. The results of the F-Limer indicated that the possibility of estimating the model using the Panel data method is confirmed with 95% confidence. In order to detect the presence of fixed effects or the random effects, Hausman's test was used. The results of the Hausman test showed that the research model is panel data with fixed effects. The results of the model estimation indicate that the economic growth and the growth of the stock exchange index have a positive and significant effect on the profitability of the selected banks. On the other hand, the increase in the general level of prices (inflation) has reduced the profitability of banks. Therefore, it is suggested that the production sectors such as agriculture and industry should be prioritized for financing by banks. So that the economic growth is realized by increasing the supply side of the economy and the profitability of the banks is strengthened by both the economic growth and the reduction of inflation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
575 - Determination Optimal Service Level on BOT Transport Project Contract Based on Zhang Model
محمد کیان بابک حاجی کریمی محمدمهدی مظفریIn many of developed and developing countries, nowadays, B.O.T conctract is a way in which government performe their essential project as transport one through observing investment from privait firms, instead these privit firms earn the main investment as well as MoreIn many of developed and developing countries, nowadays, B.O.T conctract is a way in which government performe their essential project as transport one through observing investment from privait firms, instead these privit firms earn the main investment as well as their profit from user fees. For many BOT transport projects, the government imposes service level requirement on the private firm so that project capacity and stochastic demand can be better matched. Service level can be defined as the probability of project capacity satisfying uncertain demand. Due to high risck of this kind of contaracts, the governmet, for many B.O.T transport projects, imposes service level requirement on the private firm so that project capacity and stochastic demand can be better matched. Service level is defined as the probability of project capacity satisfying uncertain demand. In this research as a determination optimal service level on B.O.T transport project contract based on Zhang model (Case Study: Tehran Fleet Electronic Ticket Contract) is conducted. The results suggest that the presence of service level requirement improves B.O.T h user fee and project capacity while decreases firm profit. Moreover, two formulas, to predict the servive level based on onther requlations, have been generated from the data of the project, using Gene EXperssion Programming through MATAL. The correlation coefficients of proposed relationship were relatively high, indicating the dependence of service level to project capacity, user fee, privit firm’s prfite, the number of users, demand uncertainty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
576 - Productivity analysis using MalmQuist index in private insurance companies of Zanjan province
هما درودی بهجت آب چر الهام بیگدلیAbstract Promoting productivity leads to progress and development, and most developed and developing countries have made large investments to spread attitudes toward productivity and to generalize the use of techniques and methods to improve it. The present research is MoreAbstract Promoting productivity leads to progress and development, and most developed and developing countries have made large investments to spread attitudes toward productivity and to generalize the use of techniques and methods to improve it. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and library and non-interactive in terms of data collection. The statistical population studied in this study includes all private insurance companies in Zanjan province during the years 2015- 2017, which is a number of 23 companies and according to the nature of the research, sampling is not done and is a census method. The indicators used in this research are quantitative and the technique used is Malmquist productivity index and data envelopment analysis method. Based on the results of productivity measurement using a data envelopment analysis model based on MalmQuist index, in calculating the average efficiency of total technological changes in 2017 compared to 2015, it shows a growth of 3% in technological changes and total productivity. It has a growth rate of 51%. Also in the study of the effectiveness of technology changes in 2017 compared to 2015 has grown by 119 percent that the majority of units have positive technology changes, which increases the productivity of all factors in private insurance companies in Zanjan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
577 - Comparative Investigating of Stock Valuation Discount Models with Emphasizing on Type of Industry in Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mehdi Arabsalehi Alireza Kamali DehkordiAbstract The purpose of this research is to compare the accuracy of models of discounting cash profits, discounting cash flows, residual profits and growth of abnormal profits in explaining the changes in the share prices of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchang MoreAbstract The purpose of this research is to compare the accuracy of models of discounting cash profits, discounting cash flows, residual profits and growth of abnormal profits in explaining the changes in the share prices of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1391 to 1398, considering the effect of the type of industry on the performance of these models. done. To carry out this research, the statistical sample, which included 105 companies, was divided into two groups: strategic industries and non-strategic industries. Then the aforementioned models were compared in relation to strategic industries and non-strategic industries. Also, the performance of each model was compared between strategic and non-strategic industries. The results of running the models and carrying out T-tests and variance analysis show that in strategic industries, the intrinsic values estimated by the models of discounting cash profits and discounting cash flows have the highest correlation with the stock market value. But in non-strategic industries, the intrinsic values estimated by any of the studied models had no significant correlation with the stock market value. On the other hand, the correlation coefficient of the intrinsic values estimated by all four models except the residual profit model with the stock market value was significantly higher in strategic industries than in non-strategic industries. The results show that in the Tehran Stock Exchange, profit cash items as well as cash flows are accepted more than other accounting information as criteria for buying and selling stocks. Also, the results of the research show that the profits and cash flows of companies active in strategic industries are more stable than in non-strategic industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
578 - پیشبینی قیمت بنزین فوب خلیجفارس با استفاده از مدلهای ARIMA و ARFIMA
حمید آماده فرشید عفتی باران امین امینی -
Open Access Article
579 - An Investigation of Risk Structure on the Agriculture Sector using the Optimizing of Combination paid loans to different economic Sectors in Iran’s Bank
اسعد اله رضایی نادر حکیمی پور احمد نریمانی منصوره یزدان خواهAbstract Like other financial institutions, banks optimize their resource allocation according to two main criteria risk and return. For this purpose paid loans to different economic activities and sectors can be considered as their portfolio and we can optimize them&n MoreAbstract Like other financial institutions, banks optimize their resource allocation according to two main criteria risk and return. For this purpose paid loans to different economic activities and sectors can be considered as their portfolio and we can optimize them according to each sectors risk. These sections include 8 general sections: industry and mining, commercial, services, housing, leasing, agriculture, currency and others. For this purpose, we will use the Markowitz model one of the most widely applied tools in stocks market. So In this study, in the theoretical framework of Markowitz model, the expected revenue – variance model was used to determine the optimal portfolio of the bank and its investigation of its function to clearly determine the optimum combination of banks investment in various sectors of economic. Finally, after comparing the actual weights of paid loans at each sections in 1392 and optimal weights in this year, a significant difference between them is evident. Accordingly the maximum gap and difference between the actual weights and optimal values among economic sectors related to agriculture sector with 134 percent difference. This number represents a this sector weakness in refunding the received loans from banks, so that more attention of the government and the central bank is needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
580 - Providing the Optimal Economic Model of Investment in the Agricultural Sector of Mazandaran Province Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Models
مجید قربانی ابوالفضل محمودی محسن شوکت فدایی محمد خالدیEconomic development requires investment in various sectors of the economy. The agricultural sector has a major share of Iran's GDP, employment and food security. The main objectives of this study are to identify and prioritize investment potentials in the agricultural MoreEconomic development requires investment in various sectors of the economy. The agricultural sector has a major share of Iran's GDP, employment and food security. The main objectives of this study are to identify and prioritize investment potentials in the agricultural sector of Mazandaran province using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) models. For this purpose, 8 investment options of the province, including: pressurized irrigation, construction of gardens and pastures, electrification of wells, poultry farming, watershed management, conversion industries, fisheries and greenhouses were selected. Increasing production capacity was compared and prioritized. The results showed that in the criterion of the return on investment period and the rate of return on capital, activities that do not require group work and have fewer employees are a priority. Also, according to the final calculations, the processing industry has the first priority in the investment of the province's agricultural sector, and watershed management, construction of gardens and pastures, poultry farming, pressurized irrigation, fisheries and aquaculture, electrification of wells and finally greenhouses in the second to eighth priority were placed.Based on the research results, it was suggested that facilitating the inflow of funds into the agricultural sector and the impact of government fiscal policies on private sector activities should be considered by policy makers and the policy of reform and development of the financial sector should be a priority in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
581 - The Role of Business Cycles in Determining Fiscal Policy Multiplier (with Emphasis on Direct and Indirect Taxes): A Case Study of the Iranian Economy
Yousef Moradi Kiumars Shahbazi Soleiman Feizi GanjeAbstract The Purpose of This Study Is to Investigate the Impact of Fiscal Policy On Economic Growth and to Estimate the Fiscal Multiplier During Business Cycles. For This Purpose, Quarterly Data of Iran's Economy Has Been Used During the Period 1993 To 2018. Three Meth MoreAbstract The Purpose of This Study Is to Investigate the Impact of Fiscal Policy On Economic Growth and to Estimate the Fiscal Multiplier During Business Cycles. For This Purpose, Quarterly Data of Iran's Economy Has Been Used During the Period 1993 To 2018. Three Methods Are Used to Estimate the Fiscal Multiplier. 1) Vector Auto-Regression Models Based On Blanchard and Perotti Method 2002, 2- Regression Based Method Introduced by Hall 2009 And 3- Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Models. In The Present Study, Is Used the Second Method and Markov Switching Model, Which Is Based On Regression Specification, To Calculate the Fiscal Multiplier During Business Cycles. Therefore, By Specifying Five Different Models, Such That In Model Number 1, Direct Taxes, In Model Number 2, Indirect Taxes, In Model Number 3, Government Expenditures, In Model Number 4, Government Expenditures and Direct Taxes and In Model 5 Government Expenditures and Indirect Taxes Are Considered As Fiscal Policy Tools. The Results Showed That Direct Taxes Perform Better in Effect of Economic Growth Than Indirect Taxes. Also, Among The Three Instruments of Government Spending and Direct and Indirect Taxes, The Largest Multiplier in The Recession and Boom Period Is Related to Government Spending and Direct Taxes, Respectively. On The Other Hand, The Government's Fiscal Policy Package, Which Contains Indirect Taxes and Expenditures, Works Better in Influencing Economic Growth Than the Package, Which Contains Direct Taxes and Expenditures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
582 - The News Impact of Petrochemical Feedstock Prices Increase on Tehran Stock Market
سعید نایب منیژه هادی نژاد فرشته شمس صفاAbstract Capital market as a bridge between "individual and institutional savers" and "investors need funds" by doing the two important duty: "to finance long-term" and " risk management" play an important role in increasing the reliability and volume investment, espec MoreAbstract Capital market as a bridge between "individual and institutional savers" and "investors need funds" by doing the two important duty: "to finance long-term" and " risk management" play an important role in increasing the reliability and volume investment, especially in long-term economic activities. Petrochemical companies known as chemical industry; which is the largest market participants on the Tehran Stock Exchange; As the daily average trading value has been allocated 21% of the total value of daily trading in stock market at August 92. The petrochemical industry has created the added value with the sale of crude oil and gas; in addition to has created huge resources, by collecting small savings society have been a considerable share of the stock market trading. Petrochemical gas feed price increase is the subjects that experts and economic decision-making will be discussed along time ago in the media, that in the 93 budget approved by the Assembly were approved in 1392. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of feedstock price increases on Tehran stock market indices. In this study, time series data on a daily basis from the date of 01/07/91 to 30/07/93 have been analyzed the ARCH family models and Virtual variables. The results suggest that increasing the price of feedstock's approval before Tehran had a significant effect on stock market indices and the yield is influenced by a positive trend. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
583 - Pricing Unemployment Insurance in Iran
reza ofogi ramyar ebne abasAbstract Employees always concern about losing their job, or in other word, losing their income resources. For this purpose, governments require strong protection system for covering these concerns. The Unemployment Insurance (UI) program’s can be used for achiev MoreAbstract Employees always concern about losing their job, or in other word, losing their income resources. For this purpose, governments require strong protection system for covering these concerns. The Unemployment Insurance (UI) program’s can be used for achieving this goal. Based on article five of Iranian unemployment Insurance law, premium is four percent of employee’s salary while employer and government’s contribution is four percent and one percent, respectively. Hence, there are great concerns about the financial pressure on the government regarding implementing this law. In this paper, we price UI based on the insurance history of employee and the duration of being unemployed. We use the Weibull distribution for finding duration of unemployment, and finally equivalence principle applied for finding the fair UI premium rate. Our findings indicate that the UI rate is less than 4% which is lower than current UI rate in Iran which has been set by law. Consequently, government’s contribution can be eliminated which reduces concerns about providing required budget by the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
584 - Comparative analysis of the optimal level of production capacity of the top factory industries in Iran
Mehran Hafizi Birgani Alireza DagigiAsl Mohammad Qoli Yousefi Timour MohammadiAbstractThe main purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of the optimal level of production capacity of the country's top factories. In this article, we compare five different industries that are leading industries in the field of production. These industries MoreAbstractThe main purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of the optimal level of production capacity of the country's top factories. In this article, we compare five different industries that are leading industries in the field of production. These industries are: (chemical, base metals, petroleum products, gold and jewelry, stone), in order to determine the optimal level of production capacity in the top factory industries with the two-digit code ISIC.Rev.2 and ISIC.Rev.3 from The translog cost function was used. Production efficiency is the equivalence of scale traction or cost traction (inverse of scale traction) with one. To obtain the optimal level of production, first from the equation of scale elasticity or cost elasticity with one, a production level was obtained which naturally satisfies the first condition, then the second condition in production was obtained for research purposes. The results of comparative analysis of top industries showed that the production capacity in the chemical industry was the amount of optimal production capacity equal to 598647 million rials. The average real output value of each industrial enterprise in the chemical industry production sector is 57042.36 million rials per year, it seems that the production companies in this sector have produced more than their capacity. And have made the most of their optimal capacity. Capacity utilization here was estimated at 185%. The amount of optimal production capacity of petroleum products is equal to 34921.6 million rials. The average value of real output of each industrial enterprise in the production of petroleum products is 39821.51 million rials per year, it seems that the enterprises of this sector have used their capacity in a more efficient way. Capacity utilization was estimated at 164%. The actual production level of basic metals was 57421.2 million rials per year, which indicates the minimum point of minimization of the total average cost function. The average value of real output of each industrial enterprise in the production of basic metals is 61235.2 Rials per year. This indicates that companies in this group of industries in the country use about 33.7% of their nominal capacity. Which is much less than the optimal value is required. The nominal production capacity of the gold and jewelry industries is about 59%. Production capacity is increasing. The amount of optimal production capacity in this industry was equal to 57846.3 million Rials. The average value of the actual output of each industrial enterprise in the production of gold and jewelry industries is 65432.2 million Rials per year, it seems that manufacturing enterprises in this sector of their capacity They used it in a better way. Capacity utilization here was estimated at 174%. The nominal production capacity of the stone industry is about 41%. The amount of optimal production capacity in this industry was equal to 26741.4 million rials. The average value of real output of each industrial enterprise in the stone industry production sector is 31254.6 million rials per year, it seems that the manufacturing enterprises in this sector have not used their capacity in a more optimal way. Capacity utilization was estimated at 78% in the analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
585 - An Evaluation of Welfare Effects of Mechanization Policy in Sugar Beet Industry Production of Iran
رضا رحیمی سعید یزدانی امیر محمدی نژاد Abstract Mechanization to overcome technical limitations and time constraints of climate on the one hand, it is possible to increase agricultural production. The sugar beet is one of the industrial products, which plays an important role in meeting the More Abstract Mechanization to overcome technical limitations and time constraints of climate on the one hand, it is possible to increase agricultural production. The sugar beet is one of the industrial products, which plays an important role in meeting the needs of the domestic sugar. In this study, to investigate the welfare effects of mechanization policy beet, sugar beet supply and demand functions using seemingly unrelated equations approach and is estimated using panel data. The results showed that the degree of mechanization has been increased from 1370 to 1390. In the implementation of this policy Producers gain more Welfare than consumers. Therefore, according to the development of mechanization would stimulate backward and forward linkages to other economic sectors will lead to greater accuracy policymakers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
586 - بررسی ارتباط بین عرضه پول و گسترش شعب بانکی
میر حسین موسوی علی شهابی معصومه نعمت پور -
Open Access Article
587 - تأثیر شوکهای پایه پولی بر بازده قیمتی سهام شرکتهای فعال بورسی (رویکرد DSGE)
میثم کاویانی پرویز سعیدی حسین دیده خانی سید فخر الدین فخر حسینی -
Open Access Article
588 - Presenting a model for accepting new technologies and innovations in the field of renewable energy by Iranian consumers with an economic, financial and social approach based on the foundation's data theory
Fatemeh Shoghi Aghjeh Mashhad Alireza Farrokhbakht Foumani Ali Gholipour SoleimaniAbstractToday, issues related to energy and its role in the economic and financial development of societies have become a strategic and important category. The use of renewable energy that is available through the technology channel can optimize energy consumption and t MoreAbstractToday, issues related to energy and its role in the economic and financial development of societies have become a strategic and important category. The use of renewable energy that is available through the technology channel can optimize energy consumption and this is possible by accepting innovation and renewable technologies. For this reason, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing a model of acceptance of technology and new innovations in the field of renewable energy by Iranian consumers with an economic, financial and social approach. This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative research in terms of method. 16 components and 50 indicators of the model were identified through library studies and open and semi-structured interviews with 14 experts in the field of renewable energy and experienced university professors and using the Grounded Theory method and open, axial and selective coding. Among the most important effective factors in the technology acceptance model are participation, technology, price, perceived benefit, financial conditions, and economic, social, and environmental consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
589 - The Effects of Targeted Subsidies on Iindustry and Mine Sector (A Computable General Equilibrium Approach)
مهرداد نعمتی سید علی اکبر طباطباییThis article seeks to analyze the effects of targeted energy subsidies on the industrial sector. For this purpose, the Computable General Equilibrium model was used.At the sector level, the combination of increases in energy prices, exchange rates and interest rates hav MoreThis article seeks to analyze the effects of targeted energy subsidies on the industrial sector. For this purpose, the Computable General Equilibrium model was used.At the sector level, the combination of increases in energy prices, exchange rates and interest rates have been a total of eight scenarios. In scenario increase in energy prices (4 scenarios) employment of labor in the mining and services sectors increased, but in agriculture and industry sectors is reduced. Production of industrial sectors, mining and services will increase in all four scenarios. In all four scenarios to reduce agricultural exports, but exports of industrial, mining and services increases. In scenario increase in energy prices and 81 percent increase in exchange rate, employment for services and mining sectors is increasing, but employment in the industrial and agriculture sectors decreases.Results show that increasing exchange rate with the increase in energy prices offset part of the negative effects of rising prices on exports and is also part of the negative effects of rising energy prices on production also compensates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
590 - The effect of insurance industry on economic growth in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries
فرزانه جهانی علی دهقانیAbstract In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the insurance expansion as a financial intermediary and economic growth in Iran and some selected MENA members countries i.e.Algeria,Bahrain,Turkey,Jordan,Kuwait,Lebanon,Egypt,Morroco,Oman,Qatar,Sa MoreAbstract In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the insurance expansion as a financial intermediary and economic growth in Iran and some selected MENA members countries i.e.Algeria,Bahrain,Turkey,Jordan,Kuwait,Lebanon,Egypt,Morroco,Oman,Qatar,SaudiArabia, Tunisia,UAE,Cyprus, Malta in "1997-2010". A descriptive analysis method has been used as the main approach. Using an econometric model based on deduction analysis and panel data model, a macro review has made on MENA countries financial markets variables as well as the position of insurance share in the capital markets and its relationship with the their economic growth rates. The results show that there is a significant and positive relationship between the aforementioned variables and the economic growth among the chosen countries during survey period. We recognize that the most effective variable on the economic growth is employment. One percent increase in employment index had a 0.34 percent increase in the economic growth. In addition, one percent increase in capital stock had a 0.08 percent increase in the economic growth. One percent increase in total premium had a 0.23 percent increase in the economic growth. Insurance had a positive effect on the economic growth on MENA member’s countries. The effect of insurance on economic growth has been considerable quantity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
591 - A comparative study of deep learning model with binary and multiple classification to predict stock market trends by detecting fractal patterns based on Elliott wave theory.
Masoud Nadem Yahya Kamyabi Esfandiar MalekianAbstract One of the popular but complicated methods in technical analysis is the Elliott wave method. In this method, the most important part is to recognize the main trend patterns of the market, which is a difficult task due to the fractal structure of the market. Bu MoreAbstract One of the popular but complicated methods in technical analysis is the Elliott wave method. In this method, the most important part is to recognize the main trend patterns of the market, which is a difficult task due to the fractal structure of the market. But like other fields, the use of artificial intelligence in the field of financial forecasts has also become widespread. Therefore, it seems that the use of artificial intelligence in Elliott wave analysis is attractive. Therefore, in the current research, by introducing a deep learning model to predict the market through the detection of Elliott wave patterns, it has been investigated and compared the power of the model in two modes of binary and multiple classification. In this research, for 15 considered patterns, 1002 examples of stock price charts of companies present in the Iranian stock market in the 11-year period from 1390 to 1400 were collected and labeled, and finally for recognition as input to the deep learning algorithm with Recurrent neural network model was used in binary and multiple classification modes. In this research, RapidMiner 9.9 software was used to design and implement the model, and accuracy criteria were used to determine the power of the model. The results show 18% accuracy in pattern recognition in multiple classification mode and 61% accuracy in binary classification mode. Therefore, the power of the deep learning model in detecting the fractal patterns of Elliott waves and as a result predicting the market trend is significantly higher in the binary classification mode than in the multiple classification mode. Therefore, the present study recommends the use of deep learning model with binary classification to detect fractal patterns of Elliott waves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
592 - برآورد ارزشهای گردشگری و حفاظتی میدان نقش جهان اصفهان (کاربرد روش ارزشگذاری مشروط)
مصطفی رجبی سیده نساء موسوی -
Open Access Article
593 - Evaluating the effect of currency fluctuations on the performance of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange and measuring its time intervals.
Mohammad Javad Mohagheq Nia Ali Asghar Ziachi Mustafa Sargolzaei Vahid KhashaiAbstractThe performance of listed firms is affected by a variety of internal and external factors. In addition to exploiting the internal factors, the managers of these firms must be able to navigate the external environment in such a way as to achieve their intended go MoreAbstractThe performance of listed firms is affected by a variety of internal and external factors. In addition to exploiting the internal factors, the managers of these firms must be able to navigate the external environment in such a way as to achieve their intended goals. The present research investigates the impact of currency fluctuations as an environmental factor on the performance of the firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). This quasi-experimental research uses the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model to evaluate the impact of currency fluctuations on firm performance and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to measure the effect of lags on this relationship. The results show that currency fluctuations significantly affect the performance of TSE-listed firms, but the strength and type of these effects vary across industries. Also, these effects occur with different time lags in various industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
594 - The Effect of Energy Price Shocks on Iran's Oil-centric Economy base on New-Keynesian Modeling Method and Using Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Equations
علی محمدی پور علی سلمانپور زنوز سید فخرالدین فخرحسینیExtensive subsidies and excessive energy consumption have necessitated the need to reform consumption pattern and price. The present study seeks to investigate the effects of energy carrier price reform on important macroeconomic variables and for this purpose, a small MoreExtensive subsidies and excessive energy consumption have necessitated the need to reform consumption pattern and price. The present study seeks to investigate the effects of energy carrier price reform on important macroeconomic variables and for this purpose, a small open New-Keynesian DSGE model has been calibrated and simulated for Iran. The results of impulse response functions analysis show that the detrimental effects on household consumption, enterprise investment, non-oil production and total output as a result of positive price shocks in energy carriers can negatively impact Iran's economy for at least 30 periods. A accelerated decline in investment over the course of nine periods and a return to a stable level over 25 periods can also be a crisis. Therefore, the need for complementary policies to encourage investment and counteract price increases, as well as the role of the government in efficient subsidies redistribution and infrastructure investment, can be extremely important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
595 - Developing a conceptual framework for the use of digital marketing in the capital market based on theories of planned behavior and technology acceptance Case study: stock brokerage companies in Tehran
Mostafa Hosseinzadeh Shadan Vahabzadeh Munshi Hamed Abbasi Nami Hormoz Mehrani Abolfazl ShahrabadiAbstractThis research aims to provide a conceptual framework to explain the implementation of digital marketing in the capital market for stock brokerage companies in Tehran and the factors affecting its formation. In this regard, a survey field study was conducted by d MoreAbstractThis research aims to provide a conceptual framework to explain the implementation of digital marketing in the capital market for stock brokerage companies in Tehran and the factors affecting its formation. In this regard, a survey field study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to a sample of 369 CEOs and vice presidents of brokerage companies. The questionnaire used included 9 dimensions and 38 items, which were distributed among the members of the statistical sample after ensuring reliability and validity.Partial least squares technique and SmartPLS software were used for data analysis. Based on the obtained results, perceived usefulness and perceived ease have a significant effect on the attitude towards digital marketing; Also, attitude, perceived risk, predictable regret, mental norms and behavioral control have a significant effect on the behavioral inclination towards digital marketing, and the latter has a positive and significant effect on the acceptance of digital marketing in the capital market The results of fitting showed that the model proposed in this research has good validity and fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
596 - The Effectiveness of Spread-Based Investments Strategies in the Tehran Stock Exchange: Content Analysis of Harmonic Oscillators and Wavelengths
سید محمدرضا داودی عبدالمجید عبدالباقی عطاآبادی جواد یوسفیAbstractTechnological analysis is one of the methods of market analysis in which stock prices and stock volumes are used to predict future price movements. Oversight is a function of the price and volume of transactions that often fluctuate between two values, and in Th MoreAbstractTechnological analysis is one of the methods of market analysis in which stock prices and stock volumes are used to predict future price movements. Oversight is a function of the price and volume of transactions that often fluctuate between two values, and in The case of buying and selling an asset is issued by signals. Time-based oscillators model the behavior of the price using the concept of wave and periodicity. The present study aims to evaluate the profitability of two oscillators based on time rotation, including simple harmonic oscillator and wave frequency oscillator in Tehran Stock Exchange between 2009 and 2018. The result of the study shows that the two trading strategies are nearly equal in terms of the Sharp ratio, and both are nearly four times as efficient as the Sharp market. Also, the wave-wave oscillator-based strategy has higher efficiency and variance than the simple harmonic oscillator-based strategy and therefore has a more risky situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
597 - The Impact of Credit Risk on the Banking System's Performance: (PANEL VAR Approach)
علی احمدی حسینعلی احمدی جشفقانی اصغر ابوالحسنی هستیانیIran's banking industry due to the lack of adequate development of capital markets and inefficiencies in the market long-term and short-term financing to undertake major economic activity. Accordingly, lending an important part of the financing operations of any bank a MoreIran's banking industry due to the lack of adequate development of capital markets and inefficiencies in the market long-term and short-term financing to undertake major economic activity. Accordingly, lending an important part of the financing operations of any bank account, but the probability of timely repayment of the loan and facilitates the credit risk in banks and inattention in this regard to adverse results in the performance of the banks, if the amount of risk in the public and private banks also have significant differences, it is also the impact of such risks on the performance of these banks will be different. Given the importance of this study is to evaluate the effect of credit risk on the banking system as well as comparison of public and private Y credit risk in banks during the period 1383-1392 has been discussed. In this regard, the operation panel data regression methods were used. The results showed jolts to the size of a standard deviation leads the credit risk of bank liquidity, return on assets and profitability of banks will be reduced. Based on the results, the long-term role in determining the profitability of banks is credit risk, but liquidity and efficiency in the long run significantly affected Ha bank assets with credit risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
598 - Financial Deepening Influences on Misery Index (Panel Data Approach)
پروانه سلاطین کاملیا قلمزن نیکو نیلوفر غفاری صومعهAbstract Inflation imposes welfare costs through reduction of value of financial assets and it damages production by creating uncertainty in institutions’ decision for investment and imposing other costs. Inflation, in fact, leads to non-optimal resource allocati MoreAbstract Inflation imposes welfare costs through reduction of value of financial assets and it damages production by creating uncertainty in institutions’ decision for investment and imposing other costs. Inflation, in fact, leads to non-optimal resource allocation, economic inefficiency, and disarray in the social, cultural, and political condition of the society. Unemployment, like inflation, causes disarray in the society. Unemployed people appear as parasites in the society and play no part in production and social services. Moreover, unemployment causes people to be trapped in issues such as crime, addiction and moral corruption which leads to the disruption of the society’s cultural texture. Inflation and unemployment are two major social issues. The harmful effects of these two social issues are such that the “Misery Index” is often calculated as the sum of inflation and unemployment rates. In this regard, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of financial markets on the misery index in a group of selected countries with average income in the 2003-2014 period. Results from model estimation by the method of Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) show that: The trade volume to transaction volume ratio in a stock market (as an indicator of the capital market) has no effect on the misery index in the group of selected countries. Domestic credit to private sector by banks (as an indicator of the money market) has a negative and meaningful effect on misery index in the group of selected countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
599 - تأثیر عوامل مؤثر بر جذب سرمایهگذاری مستقیم خارجی با تأکید بر متغیرهای نهادی و ساختاری
غلامرضا گرایی نژاد علیرضا دقیقی اصلی آذین سادات استاد رمضان -
Open Access Article
600 - ارزیابی هزینه رفاهی ناشی از اثرات افزایش نرخ ارز و قیمت حاملهای انرژی بر هزینههای رفاهی مصرف کننده در ایران
محمد شریف کریمی قدرت اله امام وردی مجتبی کریمی -
Open Access Article
601 - Comparative study of effective factors on equipping banking resources and model presentation
حمید گلی زاده محمدرضا باقرزاده اسداله مهرآرا یوسف قلی پور کنعانی مهشید شاهچراBanks have a prominent place in today's economy. Accordingly, different approaches in banking are used to equip and optimize the allocation of bank resources. Accordingly, and considering the requirement of banks to implement the law on interest-free banking operations MoreBanks have a prominent place in today's economy. Accordingly, different approaches in banking are used to equip and optimize the allocation of bank resources. Accordingly, and considering the requirement of banks to implement the law on interest-free banking operations in Iran, this study sought to provide a suitable model for equipping banking resources based on the Islamic banking approach. The statistical sample of the research includes two groups of Iranian banks and banks of Islamic countries that Iranian banks and banks of Islamic countries during the period (2012-2019) that had the highest level of financial resources; was examined. Also, to estimate the model, the advanced generalized torque econometrics (GMM) method has been used. Indicators affecting the equipping of banking resources were extracted using experimental studies and finalized by interview and Delphi method by banking and academic experts. The results show that inflation, exchange rate, non-current receivables and legal deposit rates have a negative effect and the indicators of GDP, Interest-free deposit, investment deposit, return on investment and return on assets have a positive effect on Iranian and international banks in equipping banking resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
602 - A Survey of economic shocks Influences on the energy growth rate efficiency (case study: OPEC countries Oil Revenues During 2000-2011)
مهدی پدرام مهدی بصیرت مریم امیریAbstract Productivity, especially energy productivity, and its improvement is an inevitable requirement in each country. In this study, the effects of changes in energy prices, net investment and the share of value added on the growth rate of energy productivity is dis MoreAbstract Productivity, especially energy productivity, and its improvement is an inevitable requirement in each country. In this study, the effects of changes in energy prices, net investment and the share of value added on the growth rate of energy productivity is discussed. As well as, by using Solow–Swan growth model, the energy productivity convergence in the period 2000-2011 in a selection of OPEC countries is examined. For the data analysis, panel data is used. Based on results, factors affecting the growth rate of energy productivity used in the research have significant effect on the growth rate of energy productivity. In addition, we found that those countries with a lower induced consumption, they have higher growth rate in the long-term consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
603 - Investigating the Eeffects of Factors on Capital Adequacy Ratio in the Islamic Banking System of Iran and Malaysia
پریما بهرامی زنوز آزاده محرابیان رویا سیفی پور نارسیس امین رشتیCapital adequacy ratio is one of the most important indicators in analyzing the situation of banks in order to manage banks against risks such as bankruptcy and their inability to meet obligations. This controls the risk management of banks. Therefore, the present study MoreCapital adequacy ratio is one of the most important indicators in analyzing the situation of banks in order to manage banks against risks such as bankruptcy and their inability to meet obligations. This controls the risk management of banks. Therefore, the present study, investigates the effect of banking variables on the capital adequacy ratio in private banks in Iran during the period 1397-1390 and in Malaysia during the period 2012-2019 by the generalized moment method (GMM). The results show that in the Iranian banking system, credit risk and return on assets have a direct effect on bank size, financial leverage and liquidity have a negative effect on the capital adequacy ratio. In the Malaysian banking system, financial leverage, liquidity ratio and credit risk have a positive effect and the share of deposits and return on assets has a negative effect on the health index. The difference in the effectiveness of variables is due to different methods of financing the banking system and maintaining the vision of investment projects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
604 - Investigating factors affecting the optimal growth of government spending in the economy Using the optimal control method
Mohsen Zayandeh Roudi Syed Abdul Majeed Jalai Isfandabadi Mehdi FatemiAbstract Determining the size of the government and its effect on the economy is one of the important issues in the field of public sector economics. This research seeks to determine the factors affecting the optimal growth rate of government expenditures. The increase MoreAbstract Determining the size of the government and its effect on the economy is one of the important issues in the field of public sector economics. This research seeks to determine the factors affecting the optimal growth rate of government expenditures. The increase in government spending has an effect on economic variables and can lead to an increase in the production and supply of public goods and services and affects the well-being of households as well as the desirability of households. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the optimal growth of government spending in Iran's economy. The information used is for the period 1360 to 1397. In this study, the dynamic optimal control approach has been used to investigate the factors affecting the growth of government expenditures. The results of the study show that the time preference rate, the coefficient of technical progress, the elasticity of production in relation to the investment of the private and public sectors, the consumption ratio of the sector Private to public, capital stock has had a negative and inverse effect on the optimal growth of government spending in the economy. On the other hand, the ratio of public sector investment to private sector, the elasticity of substitution between time and capital depreciation rate have had a positive effect on the optimal growth rate of government spending in Iran's economy. Also, the sensitivity of the growth rate of government expenditures was estimated for different values of the mentioned variables. The calculation results show that depending on the parameters, the ratio of government expenditures to the previous period varies between 0.91 and 1.024 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
605 - The Influence of Military Spending on External Debt in IRAN
صاحبه محمدیان منصور ابوالقاسم گل خندان Abstract The main objective of this study is to investigate the co-integration and causality between military spending and external debt during the period of 1988-2012. To the accurate deliberation of this main used the Zivot - Andrews (1992) unit root test wit More Abstract The main objective of this study is to investigate the co-integration and causality between military spending and external debt during the period of 1988-2012. To the accurate deliberation of this main used the Zivot - Andrews (1992) unit root test with structural breaks based on the three approaches, autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL), Johansson (1990) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS). Demonstrate co-integration in upon three approaches have been done by using Pesaran's et al bonds (2001), trace and maximum eigenvalue and Saikkonen and Lutkepohl (2000) co-integration tests. The estimated long-term and short-term coefficients and reviews of direction causality have done based on error correction model (ECM). The results indicate a low positive effect of military expenditure on external debt in short-term and long-term. In addition, there is one-way causality from military spending to external debt in short-term and long-term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
606 - The Effect of Exchange Rate Fluctuations on the Economic Growth Due to Financial Markets Deepening in Some Selected OPEC Countries
مهدی بصیرت آرزو نصیر پور علیرضا جرجرزاده Abstract Fluctuations in the real exchange rate, including factors that could affect macroeconomic performance and especially economic growth. It can be said that a factor in the analysis of the relationship between exchange rate volatility and economic growth More Abstract Fluctuations in the real exchange rate, including factors that could affect macroeconomic performance and especially economic growth. It can be said that a factor in the analysis of the relationship between exchange rate volatility and economic growth has received little attention is the development level of countries’ financial markets. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on economic growth considering rate of development of financial markets in selected Member Countries of OPEC over the period 1981-2010. The effects of inflation on economic growth have been studied as well. The results obtained by analyzing of panel data show that the effect of financial development on economic growth and the mutual effect of exchange rate fluctuations and financial development on economic growth is positive, but statistically view are not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
607 - Factors Affecting the Internationalization of Banks
Mozhdeh Nilchian Mohammad Reza KabaranzadGhadim Jalal HaghighatMonfared Jamshid EdalatianShahriyariAbstractBanks, as the main sources of liquidity for manufacturing and service enterprises, have a very important role in the economic growth and development of a country. In addition, the existence of competitive markets increases the importance of this issue. One way t MoreAbstractBanks, as the main sources of liquidity for manufacturing and service enterprises, have a very important role in the economic growth and development of a country. In addition, the existence of competitive markets increases the importance of this issue. One way to gain competitive advantage, is internationalization, which many banks around the world have taken this step. The internationalization of banks is not a new phenomenon. Throughout the history of banking, internationalization has always been tied to banking. Today, banking services have become so diverse that many banks prefer to remove the old banking terms from their advertising programs and emphasize on the more prominent role of financial services firms _innovative, dynamic and customer-oriented service . The purpose of this article is to explain the factors affecting the internationalization of banks. The method of this research is theme analysis. In this regard, the study of theoretical literature has been used as a source of research. In order to complete and confirm the obtained themes, interviews with experts and then a comparative study have been conducted. Finally, 12 categories and 59 themes were extracted from the studied sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
608 - Identifying and ranking the impact of lifestyle variables and behavioral indicators on purchase decisions and mental conflicts after purchase - case study: young women with financial resources and high income in Tehran city.
seyed Mohamad Taghi Hosseinikia Vahid Reza MirabiAbstractPurpose: The main purpose of the research is to Identifying and ranking the impact of lifestyle variables and behavioral indicators on purchase decisions and mental conflicts after purchase - case study: young women with financial resources and high income in Te MoreAbstractPurpose: The main purpose of the research is to Identifying and ranking the impact of lifestyle variables and behavioral indicators on purchase decisions and mental conflicts after purchase - case study: young women with financial resources and high income in Tehran city..Research method: 10 variables. A behavior was identified through the Delphi group. The research is descriptive-survey in terms of method, practical in terms of purpose, the method of collecting data in the field through a questionnaire with a Likert scale and validity and reliability has been confirmed. The statistical sample size was determined to be 384 people.Findings: After analyzing the data, all the hypotheses were confirmed and in the following order, they had the greatest impact on women's purchase decisions: self-deceiving behavior styles (1) successful people (2). herd behavior (3), aura effect (4), sophistry of gamblers (5), gap (6), idealism (7), realism (8), anchoring (9), projection (10) ).Conclusion: The results show that the decisions made based on behavioral variables have more satisfaction and cognitive inconsistency, mental conflict and psychological tension after purchase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
609 - The Effect of Electronic Banking on Return on Equity for Selected Banks in Tehran Stock Exchange
سید شمس الدین حسینی حمید فرامرزی عبادElectronic banking is a result of entering information and communication technology in the field of banking that led to reduced bank’s and costumer's costs. Use of electronic banking instruments such as automated teller machine (ATM) and point of sales (POS) has r MoreElectronic banking is a result of entering information and communication technology in the field of banking that led to reduced bank’s and costumer's costs. Use of electronic banking instruments such as automated teller machine (ATM) and point of sales (POS) has released delivery of banking services from the liabilities of time and location and affect the profitability of banks. This study has investigated the effect of electronic banking expansion on return on equity (ROE) in eight banks in the Tehran Stock Exchange included four private banks (Eghtesad novin, Parsian, Pasargad, Sina) and for state-owned banks that has been transferred their shares to the Stock Exchange (Saderat, Mellat, Tejarat, Post bank); in period of 1385-1393. Based on Generalized Least Square (GLS) approach and panel data method we found a significant positive effects between ROE and independent variables such as ATM/Branch, SPOS, HHI and GDP . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
610 - Determining the Desired Level of Monetary Base and the Money Multiplierand the Impact of each on Inflation
علی اباذری عسکری حمیدرضا حری علیرضا شکیباییIn recent decades, numerous studies have been conducted about inflation in developed and developing countries. Although there is a general understanding of the concept of inflation, there is no consensus among economists about its causes. This study, using data from the MoreIn recent decades, numerous studies have been conducted about inflation in developed and developing countries. Although there is a general understanding of the concept of inflation, there is no consensus among economists about its causes. This study, using data from the years 1973-2017 is to investigate the role of liquidity growth on inflation in Iran. Liquidity will be discussed from two channels; the monetary base and the money multiplier, which are the components of the society’s money volume and the impact of each of these two factors on inflation is measured, and the favorable and optimal rate will be obtained for the economy of the country. Research methodology and estimation is Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results show that the monetary base variable has had a positive significant effect on the variable inflation. The money multiplier has had a positive and significant impact on inflation regarding its importance as one of the effective variables in the changes in money volume. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
611 - Calculation of financial condition index by principal component analysis method in Iran
Zahra Haeri Nasab Kiomars Sohaili Shahram FattahiAbstract In the last few years, the financial condition index has been an important indicator to determine the situation of each country. The Financial Conditions Index can be defined as the current state of the variables that affect the future state of the economy. Th MoreAbstract In the last few years, the financial condition index has been an important indicator to determine the situation of each country. The Financial Conditions Index can be defined as the current state of the variables that affect the future state of the economy. The Financial Conditions Index is a summary index of financial variables that is effective in predicting the economic situation of a country. Financial conditions in any country are one of the most important issues in the economy. The purpose of this article is to determine and calculate the financial condition index for Iran using the basic component analysis method and time series data from 1990-2020. The results of calculating the financial condition index show that the credit channel has more weight than other channels and this shows the importance of the volume of credit in estimating the country's financial condition index during this period in the research. After that, the asset channel, ie the stock price index and the housing index, have the most weight. Among these, the exchange rate and interest rate channels have the lowest weight. Therefore, the central bank can adopt a forward-looking approach in monetary policy, so that by changing its retrospective approach in monetary policy decisions, it can show the most correct reaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
612 - آثار سرریز ناشی از گسترش صنایع در استان تهران بر استانهای همجوار ( رویکرد جدول داده – ستانده بین منطقهای)
منیژه دشتبان فیروز توفیق بهروز هادی زنوز کامبیز پیکار جو -
Open Access Article
613 - بررسی تأثیر نرخ ارز واقعی بر صادرات غیر نفتی ایران
سعید دایی کریم زاده قدرت اله امام وردی افسانه شایسته -
Open Access Article
614 - Explaining customer engagement to createing value in the banking industry of Iran based on perceived value
سید محمد کامل حسینی صمد عالیAbstract For many of today’s financial institutions, focusing on advantage-creating elements is undoubtedly a lever to extend Customer engagement value. In this complicated environment, the customer is seen as an external asset for the organization and considerin MoreAbstract For many of today’s financial institutions, focusing on advantage-creating elements is undoubtedly a lever to extend Customer engagement value. In this complicated environment, the customer is seen as an external asset for the organization and considering the value-creating mechanisms for the customer can have positive ramifications for companies and institutions working in the field of financial businesses. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to answer this question: How can we develop customer engagement in creating value for the banking industry by creating value for the customer. For this purpose, Customers of Kowsar Financial and Credit Institute in Tehran province were selected as the statistical population and 976 customers participated in the research by completing the questionnaire. Sampling method was used to select statistical sample. The research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling technique and AMOS 23 software. The results of the research showed that Perceived functional and social value have a direct effect on all three dimensions of customer engagement value (Customer Lifetime, Customer Influence Value, Customer Knowledge Value), but the effect of perceived emotional value on any aspect of the value of customer engagement was not approved. The results of this study confirm the impact of perceived value (Perceived functional and social value) on customer engagement value Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
615 - The Impact of Growth, Tangibility of Assets, Open Economy and Economic Indexes on Performance Efficiency Banks
زهرا پورزمانی کاظم قاسمیAbstract Banks through the provision of banking services to customers, earn it. So, as banks will be able to use economies of scale to gain more profit. One of the most important source of information for investors, creditors, and other users, the benefits pr MoreAbstract Banks through the provision of banking services to customers, earn it. So, as banks will be able to use economies of scale to gain more profit. One of the most important source of information for investors, creditors, and other users, the benefits provided by the organization is in regular intervals. The forecast profit organizations is also of considerable importance. Because macroeconomic indicators, including indicators of economic openness on the financial performance and profitability are known to be effective, according to the above description, to examine the impact of asset growth and objectivity, openness and Iranian inflation on the profitability of banks during 1383 to 1392 will be discussed. In terms of purpose, the type of applied research and the method of deduction in the group of cross-correlation, because to explore the relationships between variables, regression and correlation techniques which will be used in this way, the argument inductive.Also, since the test data available, we will conclude this research group theory will be positive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
616 - The role of stock market shocks on macroeconomic variables in the form of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model
Yazdan Gudarzi Farahani Babak Esmaili Morvarid Khajeh Vahid Mahboubi MatinAbstract The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of stock market shock on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, the data of the time period 1990-2021 with seasonal frequency MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of stock market shock on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, the data of the time period 1990-2021 with seasonal frequency has been used. Modern financial systems usually include financing from the financial assets market in addition to financing the banking sector. The interaction between the stock market and aggregate activity has received much attention in the past decade. In this regard, traditionally, the stock price usually affects the stock market as the discounted current value of the expected stock profits. In this framework, stock prices are influenced by both production (through profits and dividends) and interest rates (through the rate at which future dividends are discounted). In this study, the capital market shock has an effect on the economy through the channel of consumption expenditures of households and investment expenditures of companies. The direct effects of stock price fluctuations on total spending have made the stock capital market known as a leading indicator in the economy. The obtained results indicated that the reaction of macroeconomic variables to the demand shock was more intense than the shock from the supply side, and only the variables of tax revenues and bank facilities showed a negative reaction to the demand shock in the conditions of the supply shock. Also, the amount of employment has shown a positive reaction in response to the shock on the supply and demand side in the capital market Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
617 - Designing an entrepreneurial model based on enablers for Iran
Dawod Mukhtarpour Fardin ShurajAbstractThe purpose of this study was to design an entrepreneurial empowerment model in Iran. In this study, a combined method (qualitative and quantitative) was used. The statistical sample of the study included 33 entrepreneurship experts, 110 micro and macro business MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to design an entrepreneurial empowerment model in Iran. In this study, a combined method (qualitative and quantitative) was used. The statistical sample of the study included 33 entrepreneurship experts, 110 micro and macro business managers and 163 entrepreneurship students. The tools of this research were Delphi questionnaires, interpretive structural modeling and entrepreneurial performance. Validation of questionnaires using expert opinion and validity using factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaires was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. Delphi method and interpretive structural modeling were used to identify entrepreneurial enablers and to examine the relationship between them, and structural equation modeling method was used to test research hypotheses. According to the results, a total of 9 empowerment (cultural factors, economic factors, information, political factors, contextual factors, structural factors, institutional factors, personality and individual characteristics, and the use of the global community) and 52 identifications. Were. The final results of ISM showed that the underlying factors and the benefit of globalization are at level 1 and the cultural factors are at level 6. Also, the results of sub-hypotheses showed that all entrepreneurial enablers affect entrepreneurial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
618 - Selection of Stock Asset Portfolio Based on Behavioral Economics Method: A Case Study of Tehran Stock Exchange
لیلا آسیابی اشکان رحیم زاده نعمت فلیحی یدالله رجاییThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate selection of stock asset portfolio based on behavioral economics method (case study: Tehran Stock Exchange). Regarding method, this research is applied and in terms of time it is cross-sectional. In order to test the rese MoreThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate selection of stock asset portfolio based on behavioral economics method (case study: Tehran Stock Exchange). Regarding method, this research is applied and in terms of time it is cross-sectional. In order to test the research hypotheses, one-sample t-test was used and Friedman test was used for ranking. The statistical population of this research includes two classes; the first class is related to high-ranking experts and officials of Tehran Stock Exchange and the second is related to the statistical population of brokers and investors active in the stock market of Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample size in the first part was selected non-randomly including 20 people and in the second part, considering that the number of statistical population was unknown, the number of sample size selected was 384 people. Field method of research and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect the questionnaire data. The face validity of the questionnaire was examined by experts and the content validity of the questionnaire was assessed using the Delphi method. It was shown the validity of the questionnaire’s questions is acceptable. Then, the reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The obtained results indicated that the research questionnaire has the required reliability. Then, the collected data were analyzed in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of one-sample t-test showed that selection of stock asset portfolio based on behavioral economics method (psychological factors), loss aversion of individuals, mass behavior of individuals, conservatism (bias), accessibility of information and excessive self-confidence affect the decision of investors in the stock market of Tehran Stock Exchange. Friedman's ranking showed that loss aversion is placed in the first place, mass behavior of individuals in the second place, and conservatism (bias) in the third place. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
619 - Predicting Emotional Tendency of Investors Using financial ratios based on principal component analysis method
Reza Taghavi iman dadashi Mohammad Javad Zare Bahnamiri Hamid Reza Gholamnia RoshanAbstractOne of the proven topics in psychology is the influence of people's emotion's on the decision-making process and their judgment about future events. In such a way that when people have positive emotions, they make optimistic choices and when they have negative e MoreAbstractOne of the proven topics in psychology is the influence of people's emotion's on the decision-making process and their judgment about future events. In such a way that when people have positive emotions, they make optimistic choices and when they have negative emotions, they make pessimistic choices. Therefore, the emotional tendencies of investors indicate the margin of optimism and pessimism of shareholders towards a share. The purpose of this study is to use financial ratios to predict the emotional tendencies of investor's. To answer the research questions, data related to 97 financial ratios belonging to companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2006 and 2018 have been used. In order to derive effective financial ratios, the neighborhood component analysis algorithm method was used, which ultimately led to the selection of 7 ratios. To measure the emotional tendencies of investor's, four indicators of relative strength, psychological line, trading volume and stock turnover adjustment rate have been applied. Finally, we have combined these indicators with the help of PCA method. The results showed that the ratios of percentage changes in sales changes, net profit to assets and the ratio of inventory changes to sales changes have a positive and significant effect on investor's feelings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
620 - Investigating the effects of types of cash flow and controlling shareholders on the relationship between profit management and financial performance to predict financial bankruptcy (firefly algorithm)
Gurban Heki Behrouz Sadeghi Amroabadi Seyyed Mohammad Reza DavodiAbstract Companies need sufficient resources to continue operating, including sufficient cash to pay lenders. If the company does not have enough ability to acquire resources to meet its needs, it will suffer financial helplessness. When faced with financial helplessne MoreAbstract Companies need sufficient resources to continue operating, including sufficient cash to pay lenders. If the company does not have enough ability to acquire resources to meet its needs, it will suffer financial helplessness. When faced with financial helplessness, companies manipulate accounting profit as one of the performance evaluation items. In this situation, the management manages the profit by manipulating the accounts, the purpose of which is to give good information and news to the capital market, in order to prevent the decrease of the company's value. If the accounts are manipulated, the existence philosophy of the financial statements will be damaged and their reliability will be lost. Therefore, in the present research, the effects of cash flow types and controlling shareholders on the relationship between profit management and financial performance have been analyzed in order to predict financial bankruptcy in Tehran stock exchange companies. For this purpose, the data of 128 selected companies during the period of 1390 to 1398 have been used. Data analysis was done in two parts; In the first part, using the panel data regression method, the effect of cash flow types and controlling shareholders on the relationship between profit management and financial performance of companies has been estimated. The results of this part showed that the profit management variable had positive effects and the performance variables, controlling shareholders, capital cash flows, equity cash flows and free operating cash flows had a negative effect on the bankruptcy criteria of companies; In addition, it was observed that the types of cash flows examined in this research had a moderating effect on the relationship between profit management and corporate bankruptcy. Next, in the second part of the analysis, based on the coefficients obtained in the previous part and using the firefly algorithm, it is discussed. The results of this part also showed that the percentage of success of the firefly algorithm in predicting the bankruptcy of companies was equal to 98.12%. Based on this, it is suggested that policies based on control and preservation of various cash flows and the use of controlling shareholders be used to reduce the possibility of bankruptcy of companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
621 - The effects of advertising on social networks on the financing of small and medium enterprises
نازنین خجسته ابراهیم چیرانی سید محمود شبگو منصف کامبیز شاهرودیThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of advertising on social networks on the financing of small and medium enterprises. The results of this study show that the consequences of advertising on social networks for small and medium enterprises are market MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of advertising on social networks on the financing of small and medium enterprises. The results of this study show that the consequences of advertising on social networks for small and medium enterprises are market development and corporate financing, value creation, branding and long-term and two-way communication with the audience. According to the results of the second-order factor analysis, the factor of market development and financing variable is 0.94, value creation is 0.66, branding variable is 0.89, long-term relationship variable and two-way interaction with the audience is 0.92, and the correlation of the outcome component with its references is Are estimated above. Also, the category of "market development and financing" has the most factor. Path coefficient (r = 0.45) shows that advertising on social networks has a positive and significant effect on market development and financing of small and medium enterprises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
622 - Utilization of Mixed Data Sampling model in Identifying the Effects of Monthly Exchange Rate Changes on Seasonal GDP of Iran
Roja Tilik Abbas Najafizadeh S. Fakhredin Fakhr Hosseini Ahmad SarlakAbstract The present study intends to use the Mixed Data Sampling model (MIDAS) to investigate the effect of exchange rate changes on the variable of real production in Iran during the period 1397:1 to1380:4 that Provides implement a flexibility model whit& MoreAbstract The present study intends to use the Mixed Data Sampling model (MIDAS) to investigate the effect of exchange rate changes on the variable of real production in Iran during the period 1397:1 to1380:4 that Provides implement a flexibility model whit high descriptive power, including variables of varying frequency (eg daily, weekly and monthly) together in a regression. The results of this study show that the MIDAS model is statistically strong in identifying the asymmetric dynamic effects of the independent variable with higher freuency (exchange rate changes) on the dependent variable with lower frequency (GDP) compared to the same frequency model of these variables and shows asymmetry better.Also, based on the obtained results, the intensity of the impact of the momentum and the persistence of each momentum are different, so that the negative momentum of the exchange rate has more intense and lasting effects on Iran's GDP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
623 - The Causal Relationship Between Financial Development and Underground Economy in Iran: MIMIC and Hsiao Causality Approach
یونس کارآزموده فرد بیت الله اکبری مقدم اکبر میرزاپور باباجان آرش هادی زادهThe underground economy is one of the problems of developing oil economies such as Iran. It is argued that the underground economy can hinder financial development, and from the reciprocal view, financial development can reduce the size of the underground economy. Accor MoreThe underground economy is one of the problems of developing oil economies such as Iran. It is argued that the underground economy can hinder financial development, and from the reciprocal view, financial development can reduce the size of the underground economy. Accordingly, the present study examines the causality between financial development (bank-oriented and stock-oriented) and the volume of underground economy in the Iran's economy by the Hsiao causality method during the period of 1350-1396. In this study, the MIMIC approach was used to calculate the underground economy index in Iran.Based on the results, in the Iran economy before the oil shock of 1352 and also the period of revolution and war (1356-1368) has had a low level and decreasing trend in terms of underground economy. But for the rest of the years, the trend has been roughly incremental. According to the Hsiao causality test, the underground economy is not the cause of the bank based financial development-and stock based financial development; on the contrary, bank based financial development-and stock based financial development are the cause of the underground economy. This means that with financial development, part of the underground economy can be controlled in the Iran economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
624 - The Influence of working capital management on Profitability of Companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
امید فرمان آرا میثم عارف نژاد محبوبه جعفریAbstract Economic enterprises are effectively participating in economic sphere. Two indicators of liquidity power and profitability financially determine this effectiveness. The so-called profitability is the sign of the firm's health and the power of liquidity is the MoreAbstract Economic enterprises are effectively participating in economic sphere. Two indicators of liquidity power and profitability financially determine this effectiveness. The so-called profitability is the sign of the firm's health and the power of liquidity is the survival sign of the economic enterprise. In other words, if a company is not profitable, then it's sick, but if there is no liquidity, its survival is in danger. While, both of these factors are important, but liquidity has a higher level of importance. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between financial leverage and working capital management and its impact on profitability and performance indicator of listed companies in Iran’s capital market. The statistical sample has been selected by using the available systematic elimination method that has been studied from 2010 to 2014. Research hypotheses were examined by using the linear regression, and regression results among the study sample showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the combination of working capital and the economic value added of the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange, and this relationship will be reversed by the mediator impact of financial leverage; but this relationship was not observed among companies operating in Iran’s OTC market. The results also showed that the working capital combination does not have a significant impact on the variables of financial leverage and the ratio of return on equity in companies active in Tehran stock exchange organization and Iran's OTC market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
625 - The Impact of Health Costs on Income Inequality in Selected Members Countries of Islamic Cooperation Organization
Mohammad Ameli Abolfazl Ghiasvand Manijeh HadinejadAbstract Today, one of the challenges facing health systems is the ever-increasing increase in its costs. This study investigates the relationship between health costs and income inequality. Income inequality has been investigated using four Gini coefficients and, in a MoreAbstract Today, one of the challenges facing health systems is the ever-increasing increase in its costs. This study investigates the relationship between health costs and income inequality. Income inequality has been investigated using four Gini coefficients and, in a quantile, approach using annual panel data from 2000 to 2022 in selected middle-income member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, the empirical results show that the effect of health costs on inequality The income in the countries that are part of the top 10 percent of the income level in this group is much higher than the countries that are in the lowest income level. The effect of life expectancy, death rate and population on income inequality is also opposite; That is, the countries that are in the highest category in terms of income level, the effect of these variables on income inequality is much greater than the countries that are in the lower income categories. Also, due to the effect of population structure on income inequality, it is necessary to seriously consider it in the design and formulation of policies in the field of health, hygiene and population structure. Health, treatment and quality of life improvement policies to increase life expectancy and decrease mortality rate, policies to increase investment (reduction of consumption, promotion of security, economic development of exports, etc.) should be pursued to reduce income inequality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
626 - واکنش شرکتهای فعال بورسی به تغییرات پولی و ارزی ( مطالعه موردی صنعت پتروشیمی)
بیژن باصری غلامرضا عباسی محمدرضا مرکباتی -
Open Access Article
627 - present model related to the impact of cultural, social and moral capital on the financial management and report quality
حسین شجاع محمدرضا مهربان پور حسین جهانگیرنیا رضا غلامی جمکرایThe most valuable service of the financial management profession Independent comment on the desirability of financial statements and reporting to stakeholders And their independence from very important and influential issues in reporting and quality of reporting. Among MoreThe most valuable service of the financial management profession Independent comment on the desirability of financial statements and reporting to stakeholders And their independence from very important and influential issues in reporting and quality of reporting. Among these components such as cultural capital, social and ethical Play a significant role. Hence the purpose of the present study is to present an impact model cultural capital, social and ethical It has been about the independence of financial managers and the quality of reporting. Descriptive research-Survey and by distributing questionnaires among the statistical population, which included the audit organization and institutions, done. That formal validity, Content in the formulation of items was approved by the professors and in a quantitative dimension factor analysis was used to check the validity.to analyze the data, the structural equation method was performed usingSpss23,lisrel software. In this study, sampling is census (census) and based on this, all statistical samples are 350 people. The results show that cultural capital (89%), social capital (85%) and moral capital (86%) have a significant effect on auditor independence and auditor quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
628 - Structural analysis approach in modeling the ranking of auditing firms
Farrokh Bostani Roya Darabi Farzaneh HeydarpourAbstractFinancial statements provide much of the information needed by a company's investors and creditors. Based on such a level of financial trust, the role of auditors is crucial. Auditing financial statements is essential because audited financial statements can ens MoreAbstractFinancial statements provide much of the information needed by a company's investors and creditors. Based on such a level of financial trust, the role of auditors is crucial. Auditing financial statements is essential because audited financial statements can ensure that investors and creditors are provided with reliable and reliable information. The purpose of this study is to model the ranking of auditing firms using the structure analysis approach. For this purpose, 307 members of the Society of Certified Public Accountants were used to complete the questionnaire. Was approved and in the second stage, 24 indicators were tested at the level of all certified public accountants working in auditing firms, members of the Iranian Society of Certified Public Accountants. And ranked. Based on the obtained results, the values of t-statistic for all second-order factor loads are above 1.96; Therefore, it can be said with 95% confidence that all the studied dimensions have a significant effect on the ranking of auditing firms. Thus, according to the path coefficients, economic factors have the most impact and factors of organizational structure of auditing firms have the least impact on the ranking of auditing firms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
629 - The Effect of Institutional Ownership Horizon on Social Responsibility and Stock Value of Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
فاطمه صراف مجتبی کریمی فاطمه بشارت پورAbstract Institutional investors with a significant shareholding in corporate stocks have a lot of influence in investable companies and can influence the practices of managers. The internal functioning of social responsibility and institutional ownership can lead to i MoreAbstract Institutional investors with a significant shareholding in corporate stocks have a lot of influence in investable companies and can influence the practices of managers. The internal functioning of social responsibility and institutional ownership can lead to improved corporate position, increased efficiency, profitability, value and long-term survival of companies. By disclosing social responsibility, companies can obtain the material and non-material support of institutional investors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of institutional ownership horizon on social responsibility and stock value of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2009-2010. Findings show that the long-term institutional ownership horizon has a positive and significant effect on corporate social responsibility and stock value. The results also show that the horizon of short-term institutional ownership has a negative and significant effect on social responsibility and stock value of companies. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the type of institutional owners in better investment with less risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
630 - Assessing the effectiveness of investors' judgments on the readability of disclosure of the company's financial statements
Seyyed Zahra Mousavi Ahmad Kaabomeir Saeed NasiriAbstract The readability of disclosure of financial reports in Iran is considered one of the relatively new issues that has not been addressed much and its impact on the financial and operational variables of companies as well as investors and decision makers has not b MoreAbstract The readability of disclosure of financial reports in Iran is considered one of the relatively new issues that has not been addressed much and its impact on the financial and operational variables of companies as well as investors and decision makers has not been measured and evaluated. Therefore, the present study has evaluated the effectiveness of investors' judgments on the readability of the disclosure of the company's financial reports. In terms of the purpose, this research is considered one of the applied researches, and in terms of the method, the research is based on correlation analysis. To collect the data of this research, 120 active investors in the stock exchange were selected and data were collected with the help of a scenario. The results showed that when the company's financial reports have low readability of disclosure, the sensitivity of investors' evaluation judgments is affected and increases, but when the readability of disclosure is low, the psychological processing of investors will not be affected. In addition, it was found that when the company's financial reports have low disclosure readability, the intensity and efficiency of the search for external information by investors increases, but the amount of investors' reliance on external information does not change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
631 - A framework for identifying the drivers affecting the future of the banking industry with emphasis on the role of financial technology
Behzad Moumivand Reza Gholami Jamkarani Mohammad Hasan Maleki Hossein JahangirniaAbstract In the present era, the development of digital currencies, open banking and digital banking has remarkably transformed the banking services market. Financial technology is one of the areas that will fundamentally change banking and its services.Fintechs with n MoreAbstract In the present era, the development of digital currencies, open banking and digital banking has remarkably transformed the banking services market. Financial technology is one of the areas that will fundamentally change banking and its services.Fintechs with new financial innovations create new business models, applications, processes and new products that have a significant impact on financial markets and the financial services industry. The present study seeks to identify the effective drivers on banking by emphasizing the role of financial technology. The present study is applied in terms of orientation and is a mixed research in terms of methodology. In this study, two methods of qualitative (meta-synthesis) and quantitative (best-worst fuzzy) were used to analyze the data. Therefore, the research has pragmatic philosophical foundations. The key driversis one of the factors that shape and influence the future of a given subject. In the first step, effective drivers were extracted using systematic literature review. The 17 research drivers were then prioritized using the fuzzy BWM technique and obtaining expert opinions. The statistical population of the present study is the managers and experts of the banking sector, fintechs and fintech startups in the country, 15 of whom were selected using judgmental sampling method. Finally, the drivers of integration and homogeneity of laws and standards for the development of financial technology activities, the growth of banking startups, changing the demands of new generations in banking services and the performance of technology parks and incubators in accelerating the entry of innovation into the business environmenthad the highest priority.Then the practical suggestions of the research based on the most important drivers were presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
632 - Designing a process model of social-ethical responsibilities in audit institutions (qualitative approach: foundational data theory)
Mahmoud Malekipour Gharbi Hasan Ghodrati Hossein Jabari Hossein Panahian Ali Akbar Farzin FarAbstract The present research has been done with the aim of providing a process model of social-ethical responsibilities in auditing institutions. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of survey-exploratory approach and qualitative research. The st MoreAbstract The present research has been done with the aim of providing a process model of social-ethical responsibilities in auditing institutions. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of survey-exploratory approach and qualitative research. The statistical population of this research was a group of experts including professors and researchers who are experts in the field of auditing, managers and partners of auditing institutions, and compilers of accounting and auditing standards and principles, who were interviewed in depth. Selection of experts and conducting interviews with them continued until theoretical saturation was reached and then it was stopped. In this research, the snowball sampling method was used and this process continued until the theoretical saturation of the researcher was reached. Finally, this method was an interview with 11 experts. In this research, since the foundational data theory method was used, the main tool for data collection was an in-depth and unstructured interview with experts. Finally, after three open, central and selective codings, the research conceptual model was designed. In this model, 14 identified categories were categorized in the form of causal, central, contextual and environmental, intervening, strategic and consequential variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
633 - The mechanism of effect of economic factors on the volume of bank deposits in Iran's banking system (The test of money endogeneity versus money externality)
Mohammad Reza FaleNasiri Ramin Khochiani Hamid Esaish Seyed Hossein Sajjadi FarAbstractThe purpose of the present study is to investigate the mechanism of the effect of economic factors on the volume of bank deposits in the banking system of Iran. For this purpose, firstly, the test of endogeneity versus exogenity of money was tested by examining MoreAbstractThe purpose of the present study is to investigate the mechanism of the effect of economic factors on the volume of bank deposits in the banking system of Iran. For this purpose, firstly, the test of endogeneity versus exogenity of money was tested by examining the two views of conformists and structuralists, and then the effect of economic factors on the volume of bank deposits in the banking system of Iran with the threshold approach (STAR) and based on the quarterly data of 1379- 1397 was estimated. The results of the system generalized torques model show the confirmation of the conformist and structuralist views for Iran's economy, but the degree of money endogeneity in Iran is not complete, so the role of the central bank is important both through the monetary base and the increasing coefficient on the money supply. Also, the estimation of the results of the model (STAR) shows; The variables of exchange rate fluctuations and inflation rate, global financial crises have a negative effect and the variables of oil price, liquidity, bank deposit interest rate and bank facilities have a positive effect on the total volume of bank deposits. According to the results; One of the challenges that exists in the banking network of Iran is the government management of banks, therefore, monetary policies are a source of financing and a source of rent, so it is suggested to increase the liquidity of banks and direct it to the real sector of the economy, laws to reduce interference Government in private and public banks, to improve the competitive and banking atmosphere of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
634 - شناسایی مکانیزیم اثرگذاری مدیریت هموارسازی سود بر هزینه بدهی مالی در شرکتهای بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
ناصر سیف الهی -
Open Access Article
635 - Comprehensive study on labor productivity growth in Iran , using meta-heuristic methods
فرخ نوروزی مسعود نو نژاد مهرزاد ابراهیمی جلیل خداپرستClearly, the main factor in the growth of production, living standards and human welfare, is the growth of productivity, and given the importance of the discussion of productivity in economies and its weak position in explaining the growth of production in Iran, this st MoreClearly, the main factor in the growth of production, living standards and human welfare, is the growth of productivity, and given the importance of the discussion of productivity in economies and its weak position in explaining the growth of production in Iran, this study examines what This issue is addressed. In order to achieve economic growth and development, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting productivity growth in the Iranian economy. A wide range of variables affecting productivity growth are introduced in various studies. However, in practice, due to the limitation of tools and issues such as endogenous economic variables and the unintended impact of change in these variables, it is necessary to consider the key factors influencing interest rate growth. Identify a problem and focus the policymaker on these factors in a specific way. Therefore, this study intends to first identify the factors affecting productivity growth by using feature selection logic, basis on Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) then estimate the selective model using Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) for the period(1370-1395) and finally using the Garsen index to measure the sensitivity analysis of factors affecting labour productivity and capital productivity growth.Based on the results of the feature selection logic for the labor productivity model out of the twenty variables used, twelve variables were excluded from the model.The neural network model with predictive power 0/99 and minimum error 0/0017 of the model was selected as the best output Among the results of the Garsen Index, among them, human capital, labor wages and corruption control had the greatest impact on labor productivity growth and the variables of rule of law, R&D and physical capital accumulation had the least impact on labor productivity growth productivity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
636 - Modeling and Estimating the return of Tehran Stock Exchange using dynamic models
Zhila Rostami Shahram Fattahi Kiomars SohailiAbstractSince the creation of the stock market in the nineteenth century, many researchers have focused on research into stock price forecasting models and market returns. Statistical prediction models such as Arma, Arima, Arch, have been widely used but none of them ha MoreAbstractSince the creation of the stock market in the nineteenth century, many researchers have focused on research into stock price forecasting models and market returns. Statistical prediction models such as Arma, Arima, Arch, have been widely used but none of them have had the desired result. Therefore, many researchers have recently considered the stock market as a nonlinear dynamic system. The application of nonlinear models as well as advanced techniques, although not many years have begun, but in a short time has been able to open its place in various sciences. The purpose of this study is to predict the stock index using the dynamic model averaging DMA and also the method of the dynamic model selective DMS and the use of quarterly data for the years 1380-1399. The main advantage of the model used in the present study is the introduction of a large number of independent variables for its dynamics without the usual problem of overfitting appearing in the model. In this paper, the effect of some macroeconomic variables on the process of modeling and forecasting stock returns on the stock exchange was investigated. The results of the article showed that the probability of entering the variables of money supply growth, quasi-money growth, inflation, land price index growth in large cities is more than other input variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
637 - Asymmetric oil price shocks, tax revenues, resource curses, stock markets and trading cycles in oil-exporting economies
Hamidreza Modiri Marjan DamankeshideAbstract The present study uses the PVAR model to investigate the impact of asymmetric oil price shock, tax revenues, resource curse, stock market and business cycles in oil exporting economies during the period 2000-2019. According to the estimation results; the respo MoreAbstract The present study uses the PVAR model to investigate the impact of asymmetric oil price shock, tax revenues, resource curse, stock market and business cycles in oil exporting economies during the period 2000-2019. According to the estimation results; the response of the output gap to the shock of oil prices and exchange rates is a downward trend for up to 3 periods, after which it rises and in the long run this shock is gradually adjusted, but the problem that exists and the response of the output gap to liquidity also show this. is. Revenues from oil sales and foreign exchange earnings are not well managed in oil-rich countries, and the amount of liquidity injected into the market is spent on imports, which are generally done to combat inflation. In this case, many production sectors will be seriously damaged and will be taken out of the production cycle, and therefore part of the investments made in the economy will be unused and the amount of production will decrease, and on the other hand, when foreign exchange earnings decrease, the amount of imports. It has been reduced that part of the decrease in imports will be directed to capital goods and production machinery, leading to a decrease in investment and an increase in the production gap. Sectors that were taken out of production as a result of massive imports of consumer goods during the period of increasing oil revenues will not be revived in this period, which requires more attention of the country's officials to macroeconomic indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
638 - Investigating the Asymmetric Effects of Changes in Liquidity on Value Added of Services in Iran’s Economy
مهناز حاله کامبیز هژبرکیانی فرید عسگری محمد صادق علی پورAwareness of the structure and potential of different sectors in the Iranian economy is one of the important and effective factors for success in development planning. Service section is one of the most important section in a country’s economy that it operates as MoreAwareness of the structure and potential of different sectors in the Iranian economy is one of the important and effective factors for success in development planning. Service section is one of the most important section in a country’s economy that it operates as a development (growth) motor of other sections and its share is constantly increasing in the gross domestic product and development. Hence the effective factors on its added value has always been of interest to economists and politicians. On the other hand, investigating the direction and extent of the impact of liquidity changes on macroeconomic variables is always important to formulate and adopt appropriate macroeconomic policies. In this study, considering the share of service section in the gross domestic product (GDP) and employment in the Iran’s economy as well as liquidity volume mutations in the recent decade, we examine and analyze the direction and extent of the impact of value added of the service section from changes in the volume of liquidity by using time-series data on an annual basis during the period 1360 to 1395 dynamically. In this regard, the self-return model with Non-Linear Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) and the threshold test approach has been used. The research outcomes confirm the existence of a long-term Cointegration between the variables of the model. Furthermore, the results show that liquidity volume changes’ shocks have a greater impact on the value added of the service sector in the long term. According to other research results, the effect of bank credit interest rate on value added of services sector is positive and significant and the attraction of value added of service sector is more than short-term and long-term interest rate of bank credits compared to changes in liquidity volume. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
639 - Providing a Pattern of the Impact of Political Connection and Corporate Governance on Banks Performance in Financial Crisis Condition
مهدی ذوالفقاری سید علی واعظ محمد خدامرادیThe aim of the present study is to investigate and provide a model of the impact of political connection and corporate governance on banks' performance in the financial crisis condition. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the information of 10 banks lis MoreThe aim of the present study is to investigate and provide a model of the impact of political connection and corporate governance on banks' performance in the financial crisis condition. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the information of 10 banks listed on Tehran Stock Exchange, which were selected for a ten-year territory (from the beginning of 2010 to the end of 2019), was extracted and necessary statistical tests were performed on them. In order to test the research hypotheses, multivariate linear regression based on panel data and a combination of cross-sectional and temporal series has been used. Research has shown that in times of financial crisis, political communication has a positive and significant effect on return on assets and the ratio of TobinsQ in exemplary banks; negative and significant in the context of financial crises in banks Sample; and in times of financial crisis, corporate governance has a positive and significant effect on return of assets and the TobinsQ ratio of the sample banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
640 - Investigating the Impact of Investment on Value Added of Tourism Industry in the Framework of Regional Economy: A Case Study of Khorasan Razavi Province
Hadi Rafi Darani Mahsa Bahrami Nesab Javad Brati Fatemeh RahmaniAbstract Today, the tourism industry is one of the main and stable foundations of the world economy, which can affect other economic and cultural activities by creating the maximum amount of added value. The tourism industry in Khorasan Razavi province can plan and use MoreAbstract Today, the tourism industry is one of the main and stable foundations of the world economy, which can affect other economic and cultural activities by creating the maximum amount of added value. The tourism industry in Khorasan Razavi province can plan and use the province's domestic and foreign investment to develop this sector, grow production, create added value, and increase employment and income sources in the region. The purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of added value created by the main tourism activities of the province (each of the 12 tourism sectors). Another purpose is to analyze the effect of increasing investment on the value-added of the tourism industry. For these purposes, the updated input-output table of Khorasan-Razavi province (2018) has been used. The results were analyzed by considering two scenarios (proportional investment in all economic sectors of the tourism industry together, and investment in each economic sector of the tourism industry separately). The results showed that if investment in all sectors of tourism, increases by 100 billion rials simultaneously -in total equivalent to 1200 billion rials- (as analytical scenarios), 851718 million rials will be added to the value-added of province's economic activities; Of this amount, 95.5% of value-added creation is directly related to the 12 sectors of the tourism industry. The most direct effect of investment in value creation is related to the wholesale and retail sector, the arts, entertainment, recreation sector and Travel agency services sector, respectively. Also, if investment increases by 100 billion rials in each of the tourism sectors separately, maximum direct value-added creation, results from the "arts, entertainment, recreation" sector. The most important suggestions of this study were, Investing in forming groups and institutions in the province to produce, promote and starting various artistic, recreational and sports activities, investing in designing travel packages on specific topics in the field of travel agency services and providing accommodation services based on travellers' tastes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
641 - Presenting the Model of Tax Morale with Grounded Theory Approach
Hamed Rabi Beigi Rahmatollah Mohammadipour Iraj Noravesh reza salehiAbstract Taxes are a fundamental aspect of modern life. The funds that governments get from taxes are used to provide essential services and public goods. Therefore, people's willingness to pay taxes plays an important role in the economic and social well-being of any MoreAbstract Taxes are a fundamental aspect of modern life. The funds that governments get from taxes are used to provide essential services and public goods. Therefore, people's willingness to pay taxes plays an important role in the economic and social well-being of any country. The approach of this research is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, which presents its model in the qualitative part based on grounded theory, and structural equation modeling (SEM) is used in the quantitative part. The statistical population of this research was conducted in the qualitative section, including 12 experts and elites of the country's tax affairs organization and university elites with high experience, who were selected by the snowball method, and interviews were used to collect the required data. In the quantitative part, the statistical population was selected based on the recommendations of using confirmatory models of 270 managers and financial experts. After the implementation, the textual data were analyzed using three successive stages of open, central and selective coding, and finally the research paradigm model was developed. The results show that the pattern of tax sentiment is based on the central category of virtual space, democracy and advertising, which is formed under the influence of causal conditions. This process begins with causal conditions and leads to the formation of a central category that helps to strengthen tax morale by using strategies, and its consequence is the improvement of economic indicators, the improvement of social indicators and the fight against money laundering. The lack of tax justice, flexibility and complexity of tax laws are also among the conditions interfering with the model of tax morale, and creating a culture and establishing tax justice are among the strategies to strengthen tax morale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
642 - The Effect of Economic Complexity on Income Inequality in Selected Developing Countries; Dynamic Panel Approach
علی حسنوند محمد شریف کریمی علی فلاحتی آزاد خانزادیAbstract Economic complexity is a concept that shows the ability of countries to produce complex goods and use knowledge in the production process by improving the productive structure. The economic complexity of the knowledge channel leads to the saving of resources a MoreAbstract Economic complexity is a concept that shows the ability of countries to produce complex goods and use knowledge in the production process by improving the productive structure. The economic complexity of the knowledge channel leads to the saving of resources and the improvement of the quality of productive institutions and the formation of productive production structures that diversify goods and save on production costs and earn more income and affect income distribution and welfare. Brings with it social. Given the importance of income distribution in the economy, this study uses the approach of economic complexity and dynamic Generalized Method of Moments, method to investigate the effect of economic complexity on income inequality in a selection of developing countries during the period 1995-2020. According to the results, with increasing economic complexity in developing countries, income distribution has become more unfair. The imbalance of income distribution in these countries is due to the concentration of assets, capital and production activities in the hands of a particular group, as well as the existence of cultural, social, gender, etc. inequalities and rents created as a result of this inequality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
643 - Investigating the Causal Nexus Between Economic Growth, Banking Sector Development, Capital Markets Development and Macroeconomic Variables in Iran
Zarir Negintaji Hassan GolmoradiAdinevand MortezaAli SadeghinejadAbstractOne of the most important issues of economics is investigating the factors affecting economic growth and their impact. Some theorists believe that the development of the financial sector, including the development of the banking sector and the capital market, al MoreAbstractOne of the most important issues of economics is investigating the factors affecting economic growth and their impact. Some theorists believe that the development of the financial sector, including the development of the banking sector and the capital market, along with macroeconomic factors can provide the necessary basis for increasing economic growth. Indeed, there is a serious argument that a weakened financial system are trapped in a vicious circle where low levels of financial development will lead to poor economic performance and poor economic performance will lead to lower financial development.This study examines the relationship between economic growth, banking sector development, capital market development and some important macroeconomic variables. For this purpose, first the combined indicators of banking sector development and capital market development based on the principal component analysis (PCA) method are applied and then using vector autoregressive model and the Granger causalities test, Causal nexus between variables for time series data of Iranin economic between 1363-1397 Is examined.The results of this study show that there is a mutual Causal nexus between economic growth and financial development both in terms of banking sector development and capital market development, so financial development in terms of both banking sector development and market development Capital have reciprocal relation with economic growth. The causality between the development of the banking sector and the capital market is also two-sided and this suggests the importance of integrated financial sector development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
644 - Pathology and providing a model of sustainable development in Iranian governmental Bank
Mohammad Ali Jafari Gorji Reza Najaf Beigi Abolhassan Faghihi Mohammad Javad KameliAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of pathology and providing a model of sustainable development in Iranian governmental Bank which was basic research of the mixed method. For qualitative data analysis, grounded theory and for quantitative data analysi MoreAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of pathology and providing a model of sustainable development in Iranian governmental Bank which was basic research of the mixed method. For qualitative data analysis, grounded theory and for quantitative data analysis, structural equations were used. The statistical population of the qualitative section consisted of members of the board of directors and senior managers of credit and human resources departments of state-owned banks, 18 of whom were purposefully selected for semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the quantitative section consisted of staff and staff managers and experts of state banks, 291 of whom were randomly selected for relationships between variables based on Cochrane's formula. The results showed that the sustainable development model in Iranian state banks consists of 421 primary concepts derived from open coding, 41 concepts of wisdom and 17 main. The results of quantitative analysis show that causal factors and Confounding factors and underlying factors have an impact on the category. Also, categories, confounding factors and underlying factors have an impact on strategies. Finally, strategies affect the outcomes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
645 - Investigating the effect of CEO power on the risk of stock price falls with the role of increasing the quality of accruals in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
سارا صادقی علی اسماعیل زادهNowadays, one of the topics that has been widely considered by financial researchers in relation to stock price behavior is sudden changes in stock prices. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CEO power on the risk of stock price falls with the role of MoreNowadays, one of the topics that has been widely considered by financial researchers in relation to stock price behavior is sudden changes in stock prices. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CEO power on the risk of stock price falls with the role of moderator of the quality of accruals in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research is correlational in nature and content. In this research, information about 142 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, which have formed a statistical sample, has been analyzed in the period 1390-1390. The results of this model showed that the quality of accruals as a moderating variable has an effect on the relationship between CEO power and the risk of falling stock prices in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Also, the adjusted coefficient of determination of the model is 0.575. This means that the independent variables of the research model can explain 57.5% of the variance of the dependent variable risk of falling stock prices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
646 - Investigating the non-linear effect of the stock index on the development of the industrial sector in Islamic countries, using the simple panel transfer regression (PSTR) approach.
Mohammad Bagheri Ahmad Naghilu Mohammad DalmanpourAbstractThe main purpose of this research is the non-linear effect of the stock index on the development of the industrial sector in Islamic countries. This study is of a causal nature in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection and descriptive informa MoreAbstractThe main purpose of this research is the non-linear effect of the stock index on the development of the industrial sector in Islamic countries. This study is of a causal nature in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection and descriptive information. The methodology is post-event. In this research, an attempt was made; By explaining the theory and designing a model to investigate the non-linear effect of the stock index on the development of the industrial sector in Islamic countries, with an emphasis on various indicators of financial development: the soft panel transfer regression (PSTR) approach was investigated. The geographical area of research of Islamic Conference member countries (Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Iran, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Tunisia, Chad, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, South African Sahara, Iraq, Oman, Gambia, Qatar, Malaysia) , Mali, Morocco, Egypt and Nigeria) and the time domain of the research is between 2005 and 2019. Using MATLAB software, the data was analyzed through the soft panel transition regression (PSTR) approach, and the results of the analyzes show that There is a non-linear relationship between the stock index and the development of the industrial sector in Islamic countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
647 - Presenting a Model for Explaining the Role of Social Capital in the Success of International Entrepreneurship
محمدجعفر چراغی جمشید عدالتیان شهریاری محمدرضا کاباران زادهThis research was aimed at Presentation a Model for Explaining the Role of Social Capital in the Success of International Entrepreneurship. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of Academic and organizational experts including the managers of t MoreThis research was aimed at Presentation a Model for Explaining the Role of Social Capital in the Success of International Entrepreneurship. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of Academic and organizational experts including the managers of the Tehran Chamber of Commerce and in the quantitative section include all the members of the Tehran Chamber of Commerce.The sample size in the qualitative section with theoretical saturation (20 people) was estimated using purposeful sampling and in the quantitative section based on Cochran's formula, 335 people were estimated by stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool was interviewed in the qualitative section and in the quantitative section the questionnaire was. Validity of the questionnaire from a formal and content perspective through several experts, convergence validity was calculated by calculating the mean of variance extracted and cross-check validity was verified by calculating AVE optimization. Reliability questionnaire through Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire was 0.86 Lisrel software and smartpls were used to analyze the data. The results obtained to identify 18 components and 84 indicators led to 7 influential components including Social prosperity, social cohesion, social cohesion, social acceptance, social participation, trust in organization and interactions and the 3 effective dimensions of Export performance, international competitiveness and economic growth affect on Role of Social Capital in the Success of International Entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
648 - Investigating the Factors Affecting the Exchange Rate in Iran from the Perspective of Keynesians
سید محمد آقامیری مرجان دامن کشیده منیژه هادی نژادA look at exchange rate developments over the past 40 years shows that the Iranian economy has experienced three major leaps during this period. While the rate of exchange rate increase was not the same in each of the three jumps, and since the economic conditions and s MoreA look at exchange rate developments over the past 40 years shows that the Iranian economy has experienced three major leaps during this period. While the rate of exchange rate increase was not the same in each of the three jumps, and since the economic conditions and structure of countries a decisive role in the relationship between economic variables, so the study of factors affecting the exchange rate in Iran from a postal perspective Keynesians are one of the main goals of this article. In this article, an attempt has been made; By theoretically explaining and designing a model and using econometric methods, the factors affecting the exchange rate in Iran from the perspective of Keynesians were studied. The information and statistics required for the research during the years 1350 to 1398 were collected through the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Statistics Center. In this paper, data were analyzed using self-vector regression. First, using Phillips-Perron test and Johansen static co-integration test and long-run relationships of variables were examined. There is a level of 0.95 between the variables. Using shock analysis and analysis of variance, it was shown that the price index and net exports and interest rates have the greatest impact on the exchange rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
649 - Presenting the Forecasting Model of Bitcoin Return Using the hybrid Method of Deep Learning - Signal Decomposition Algorithm (CEEMD-DL)
sakineh sayyadi nezhad Ali Esmaeil Zadeh Mohammad Reza RostamiAbstract With the increasing popularity and widespread use of cryptocurrencies, the creation and development of methods for predicting price movements in this field has attracted a lot of attention. In between, recent developments in deep learning (DL) models with stru MoreAbstract With the increasing popularity and widespread use of cryptocurrencies, the creation and development of methods for predicting price movements in this field has attracted a lot of attention. In between, recent developments in deep learning (DL) models with structures such as long-short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) have made improvements in the analysis of this type of data. Another approach that can be effective in the analysis of cryptocurrencies time series is the decomposition through algorithms such as complete integrated empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD). Considering the importance of forecasting in the cryptocurrencies field, in this research, by combining deep learning models and complete integrated empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD), The hybrid CEEMD-DL(LSTM) model has been used to forecast the bitcoin return (as the most popular currency). In this regard, the daily data of the total index of the Tehran Stock Exchange was used in the period of 2013/01/01 – 2022/05/28 and the results obtained were compared with the results of competing models based on efficiency measurement criteria. Based on the obtained results, the use of the introduced model (CEEMD-DL(LSTM)) has increased the efficiency and accuracy of bitcoin return forecasting. Accordingly, the use of this model in this field is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
650 - The Effects of Knowledge-Based Economy Index on the Economic Growth of Islamic Countries (Martin Barrow Test Model)
مقداد محمودی مرجان دامن کشیده شهریار نصابیانKnowledge is the source of economic growth and productivity growth, and its production and accumulation is at the top of the list of countries. Meanwhile, knowledge-based economics has become doubly important due to its emphasis on the knowledge component in economic is MoreKnowledge is the source of economic growth and productivity growth, and its production and accumulation is at the top of the list of countries. Meanwhile, knowledge-based economics has become doubly important due to its emphasis on the knowledge component in economic issues. In this article, an attempt has been made; By theoretically explaining and designing a model and using econometric methods to investigate the impact of knowledge-based economy on the economic growth of Islamic countries (Barrow Salai Martin model test) so that the empirical effect of this relationship can be analyzed. . The statistical population of this study includes Islamic and multi-religious countries (a large part of the Muslim population). Based on the availability of information from the studied countries, including; Azerbaijan, Jordan, Uzbekistan, Indonesia, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Tunisia, Sudan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Egypt, India. The scope of the research is from 2009 to 2019. To collect the required statistics and quantitative information, statistical tables and global databases and the International Monetary Fund and the economical model of structural autoregression panel have been used. Using Fisher test and Johansen co-integration test, static and long-run relationships of variables were examined. It was shown that all variables are at zero level and based on the results of effect statistics and maximum eigenvalue, there are five long-term relationships at 0.95 level between variables. Then, using shock analysis and analysis of variance, it was shown that the knowledge-based economy index affects the economic growth of Islamic countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
651 - The impact of dimensions of emotional intelligence and financial intelligence on the dimensions of auditor’s performance with the focal correlation coefficient approach
امیر رحیمی آشتیانی مهران آقایی مهناز عسکریان محمود صمدی لرگانیThis research has been conducted with the purpose of investigating the effect of dimensions of emotional intelligence and financial intelligence on the dimensions of auditor’s performance with the focal correlation coefficient approach. This study is applicable in MoreThis research has been conducted with the purpose of investigating the effect of dimensions of emotional intelligence and financial intelligence on the dimensions of auditor’s performance with the focal correlation coefficient approach. This study is applicable in terms of objective and concerning data collection method is descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this study is auditors working in all auditing firms that are members of the Society of Certified Public Accountants operating in Tehran. 250 subjects were selected employing cluster random sampling method. Data collection tools were standard questionnaires. Content validity and the results of the measurement model were cited to evaluate the validity and reliability of the measurement tools. To analyze the data, focal correlation coefficient using SPSS software was employed. The results of the hypothesis test indicated that: the first, second and third focal correlation coefficients were reported to be significant at the 99% confidence level, which shows the existence of three sets of dependent variables. The focal correlation function the significance of the three functions extracted at the 99% confidence level. Each focal variable has a coefficient of determination and the first focal correlation is more important than the other correlations. The first focal correlation with a coefficient of determination of 0.945 has been able to explain 94% of the variance. The total coefficient of determination shows the amount of changes. This value is equal to 0.980, which indicates that the dimensions of emotional intelligence and financial intelligence are explained by 0.98% by the dimensions of the auditor’s performance. The most common criterion for testing the significance level of the first focal correlation is the Wilks’ statistic criterion, which according to the obtained significance level (0.000), it is indicated that the three sets of variables are related to each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
652 - Organizational factors and Human Resources characteristics’ impact on warning reporting in auditing profession: A study in auditing institutions in Iran on
Soheila Soheila Mohammadion Mohsen Hamidian MohamadReza YeganegiAbstract The main focus of this research is to investigate and explain the role of organizational factors and human resources characteristics in the warning report of auditors of auditing institutions in Iran. The statistical population of the research includes auditor MoreAbstract The main focus of this research is to investigate and explain the role of organizational factors and human resources characteristics in the warning report of auditors of auditing institutions in Iran. The statistical population of the research includes auditors working in audit institutions, members of the public accountants' society and audit organization. Data related to the characteristics of human resources and the variables of organizational factors have been collected using standard questionnaires. Due to the complex nature of standard questionnaires used, a multi-level structural equation model is used to analyze the collected data. The first and second levels of the model are used to confirm the validity and reliability of the research variables. The third level of the model, which explains the relationship between research variables, has been used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the research showed that the free-spirited leadership style is an important organizational factor promoting the warning report in the audit profession in Iran's official audit institutions. Also, managing age in human resource leads to the improvement of transparency of reporting and, in turn, prompts timely warning reporting among auditors in accordance with principles, procedures and legal criteria as a voluntary act. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
653 - Studying the Impact of Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Industries on the Growth of Industrial Value Added in Iran’s Economy
Hediha setayesh Abbas Memaranjad Kambyz Hejbarkiani Taghi TorabiAbstractThis paper attempts to explain the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises in the economy and to highlight their main facing challenges, in particular the “financial challenge". The present paper seeks to analyze the impact of small and medium-siz MoreAbstractThis paper attempts to explain the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises in the economy and to highlight their main facing challenges, in particular the “financial challenge". The present paper seeks to analyze the impact of small and medium-sized industries on the growth of industrial value added in Iran’s economy for 22 ISIC codes during the period of 2005-2014.The main findings of this study indicate that the growth of value added of small and medium-sized industries has a significant positive effect on the growth of value added of industries with ten employees and more; the growth of innovation level in small and medium-sized industries may have a significant positive effect on the growth of value added of this group of industries, and the growth of openness of Iranian economy can affect the growth of value added of industries with ten employees and more, positively; but it has a negative effect on the growth of value added of small and medium-sized industries. Furthermore, it is suggested that in order to boost and facilitate the economic activities of small and medium sized enterprises, several issues should be considered including“promoting the non-bank financing methods”, “providing effective support for innovative projects”, “implementing industrial export development programs”, and “providing industrial advisory services, in particular financial advisory services”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
654 - Price Bubble and the Effect of Economic Variables on the Exchange Rate in the Iranian Financial Market Using ARIMA and TAR Methods
Yagoob Zahedi Nader Rezaei Vadoud NajjariAbstract Many financial crises follow the bursting of the financial asset bubble, and it is important to examine the bubble behavior in these markets and make an early diagnosis to prevent adverse economic consequences; Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to MoreAbstract Many financial crises follow the bursting of the financial asset bubble, and it is important to examine the bubble behavior in these markets and make an early diagnosis to prevent adverse economic consequences; Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of four economic and financial variables including GDP, auto index and parts of stock exchange indices, inflation rate and oil income on the exchange rate by quasi-experimental studies with two statistical models ARIMA and model The return itself is the TAR threshold. Considering that previous studies in this field, which have mostly dealt with the formation and explosion of bubbles, and in this field, studies have not been done or are limited; Therefore, in this study, first, data were collected quarterly in the time yield of spring 2011 to spring 1400 and were analyzed by descriptive statistics and econometrics. The results of ARIMA model analysis show that an increase in the exchange rate unit in a past period will lead to an increase of 1.94 exchange rates in the current period. The results of TAR model analysis show that there is a nonlinear relationship between the variables studied in the study and two thresholds for GDP (2130- and 15460) were estimated, indicating different effects of GDP, inflation rate, car index and parts. One of the indicators of the stock exchange and oil income in the regime is high, medium and low (threshold level of 2130-15460) on the exchange rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
655 - Designing and Testing the City Branding Model (Case Study: Guilan Province)
shahram shahabi Narges Delafrooz Ali Gholipour Soleymani Mohammad TaleghaniAbstractUrban branding is a strategy that gives the city an unforgettable identity and is a tool that can deliver the city's core value quickly. The present study designs and tests the urban brand creation model (Case study: Preser and Bandar Anzali cities of Guilan pro MoreAbstractUrban branding is a strategy that gives the city an unforgettable identity and is a tool that can deliver the city's core value quickly. The present study designs and tests the urban brand creation model (Case study: Preser and Bandar Anzali cities of Guilan province). The findings and results of the qualitative and quantitative data analysis are presented in two parts. The first part deals with the qualitative findings and the second part deals with the quantitative results. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research includes urban managers, cultural and tourism heritage managers, environmental managers, tourism activists, academic elites in the field of urban brand creation and 15 samples were completed. Statistical population includes urban, tourism and cultural heritage managers as well as people or people visiting the prestigious cities of Bandar Anzali using Morgan table and sample size of 384 people. The qualitative findings of the study include causal factors, main phenomena or categories, confounding factors, strategy, contextual factors, and outcomes. The quantitative findings of the final research model showed that all factor loads were statistically significant, welfare services ranked first and tourism attractions ranked last. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
656 - The Effect of Financial Development and Its Size on Economic Growth with a Nonlinear Approach in Iran
Sedigeh Dodangeh Seyyed Shamsuddin Hosseini Farhad GhaffariAbstractWhile it is economically well established that the financial sector is interrelated, empirical estimates of the growth of these textual results are generally presented. On the other hand, it will be different for several time series assessments at different leve MoreAbstractWhile it is economically well established that the financial sector is interrelated, empirical estimates of the growth of these textual results are generally presented. On the other hand, it will be different for several time series assessments at different levels of economic growth and in terms of time requirements, so it seems that estimating linear models to examine macro-relationships is challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the development and size of the financial sector in the Iranian economy with economic growth in the years 1350-1399 using the non-linear regression method of Astana. The results show that there are three different regimes for the effect of changes in financial sector size and financial development on economic growth. In economic growth rates, only financial differences affect economic growth. This effect in the second regime, ie between the economic growth rates of 0 to 8.6%, is weak but positive and significant, and in the economic growth rate above 8%, both financial size and financial development have a positive and significant effect on economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
657 - بررسی اثر راهبری شرکتی و ریسک شهرت بر رابطه بین حداقلسازی هزینه مالیات و واکنش قیمت سهام
علی اسماعیل زاده مهدی اسکافی اصل فرزاد ناظمی -
Open Access Article
658 - Ranking of internal and external factors affecting fraudulent financial reporting using a hierarchical analysis process
فاطمه خلیلی ثمرین مهدی خلیل پور جواد رمضانیThe purpose of this study is to determine the importance and ranking of internal and external factors affecting fraudulent financial reporting. The statistical population in this study includes members of the Iranian Society of Certified Public Accountants who have char MoreThe purpose of this study is to determine the importance and ranking of internal and external factors affecting fraudulent financial reporting. The statistical population in this study includes members of the Iranian Society of Certified Public Accountants who have characteristics such as teaching experience at the university, having a doctorate, history of professional activity in the profession of auditing and financial management, which according to the restrictions 30 people were considered as a sample. In this research, AHP technique and Expert Choice software have been used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis showed that extra-organizational factors were the first priority in creating fraudulent reporting with a score of 0.243 and intra-organizational factors were the next priority with a score of 0.214. Also, according to the research results, from external factors, respectively, factors related to the characteristics of independent auditing, cultural factors, legal and regulatory factors outside the organization, and from internal factors, respectively, professional characteristics and management structure. Behavioral characteristics of management, behavioral and moral characteristics, characteristics related to systemic and human errors have been the most important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
659 - The Impact of Foreign Exchange Reserve Management Dynamics and the Structure of Central Bank Interventions on Foreign Exchange Market Stabilization Using Gerton and Roper Theory
هادی محبوبی هوشنگ مومنی وصالیان مرجان دامن کشیده شهریار نصابیانAbstract The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of the dynamics of foreign exchange reserves management and the structure of central bank interventions on the stabilization of the foreign exchange market using Gerton and Roper theory. For this purpose, fir MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of the dynamics of foreign exchange reserves management and the structure of central bank interventions on the stabilization of the foreign exchange market using Gerton and Roper theory. For this purpose, first the central bank intervention index was calculated with the foreign exchange market pressure approach and then the intervention function of the intervention policy with the threshold approach (STAR) was estimated based on the annual data of 1365-1398. The results of estimating the linear part of the model show that the variables of foreign exchange market pressure index and budget deficit have a negative effect on the real exchange rate in Iran. Meanwhile, the results of estimating the nonlinear part of the model indicate the positive effect of the growth rate of foreign exchange earnings from oil sales, net exports, consumer price index and fiscal policy index on the real exchange rate in Iran. This indicates that as the growth rate of foreign exchange earnings from oil sales increases, the amount of foreign exchange resources of the country (nominal exchange rate) increases. With the increase of the country's foreign exchange resources, the real value of the domestic currency increases and this is a factor in reducing the real exchange rate and worsening the country's export situation. In fact, in Iran, due to high inflation, governments have always tried to keep the exchange rate low to prevent price increases. The result of this type of intervention has been the inflexibility of the nominal exchange rate in response to economic changes and developments, which can be a factor in reducing the real exchange rate in recent decades in Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
660 - Ranking of Environmental Problems and Obstacles in the Field of Domestic Goods Marketing Management with a Resistance Economy Approach Using the AHP Method
arghavan yarahmadi Mohammad Reza Jaber AnsariAbstract The current research has ranked environmental problems and obstacles in the field of domestic goods marketing management with a resistance economy approach. Among the statistical population of the research, 10 managers of electrical household appliances compan MoreAbstract The current research has ranked environmental problems and obstacles in the field of domestic goods marketing management with a resistance economy approach. Among the statistical population of the research, 10 managers of electrical household appliances company were selected by theoretical saturation method. The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire. Examining the results showed that in the structural-political dimension, priority is given to the indicator of failure to reduce dependence on oil. For the structural-economic dimension, the highest priority is with the index of fighting against economic corruptors and economic corruptions, for the structural-social dimension, the highest priority is with the tax payment index, for the structural-technological dimension, the highest priority is with the index of the change in the direction of the economy based on resources to an economy based on innovation. In the social-behavioral dimension, the highest priority is given to the index of consumption of domestic products in devices, for the behavioral-technological dimension, the highest priority is given to the indicator of the development of infrastructure required for the empowerment of the workforce, in the contextual-economic dimension, the highest priority is given to the index of creating a competitive environment in the production sector and Distribution is in some product groups. For the contextual-social dimension, the most priority is with the index of strengthening public trust between the government and the people in economic policies, and for the contextual-technological dimension, the most priority is with the index of the use of new technologies in the automobile industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
661 - Determinants of Capacity Utilization in Iranian Manufacturing Industries
مهران حافظی بیرگانی محمد قلی یوسفی علیرضا دقیقی تیمور محمدیThe purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the use of production capacity in Iran's manufacturing industries. Using the statistical information of Iran's manufacturing industries with international two-digit ISIC codes during the years 1381-96 and MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the use of production capacity in Iran's manufacturing industries. Using the statistical information of Iran's manufacturing industries with international two-digit ISIC codes during the years 1381-96 and through the cost-transfer function, the minimum cost point as a level of cost corresponding to the optimal production or nominal capacity of different manufacturing companies Iran was estimated and the average ratio of real production to production with nominal capacity was calculated as a percentage of production capacity utilization for different industries. The results of the study show that with the exception of the petrochemical industry, other industries face little use of production capacity. On average, the country's industries use less than 50% of their capacity. This ratio is lower in some industries such as base metals (28.7%), paper (29.6%) and wood and wood products (24.1%) and in other industries except non-metallic mineral products (2 / 84%) is between 41% and 51%, which is very small in total. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
662 - Data mining of Iranian stock market by modeling complex network filtering based on MST
Hadi Esmaeilpour MoghadamAbstract One of the most important problems in modern finance is finding efficient ways to summarize and visualize stock market data. Modeling the filtering of complex networks in the stock market allows this to be achieved by reducing the market size, obtaining reliab MoreAbstract One of the most important problems in modern finance is finding efficient ways to summarize and visualize stock market data. Modeling the filtering of complex networks in the stock market allows this to be achieved by reducing the market size, obtaining reliable information with less disturbance. Since stock price changes are not independent of each other, the study of the correlation between stock price changes provides a better understanding of market performance for investors. Stock market analysis based on complex networks allows studying the correlation of stock prices. In this paper, using the stock market data in the Tehran Stock Exchange, the Iranian stock market network is created by the threshold method, and then the network filtering is based on MST. The results show that the filtration modeling of Iran's stock market network based on the MST can form a subset of the stock market that follows the performance of the entire market with a significant reduction in size and has a similar degree of diversification with the entire market. These analyzes provide a more in-depth insight into the structure of the stock market while reducing the size. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
663 - Designing the Model of Developing Entrepreneurial attitude in the capital market of Iran
محمد باقر خورسندی محمدابراهیم محمدپورزرندی مهرزاد مینوییThe purpose of this study is to design and explain a model to identify the factors that create and develop entrepreneurial attitude in the capital market and to present the necessary solution for its implementation.In this study,after reviewing the research background a MoreThe purpose of this study is to design and explain a model to identify the factors that create and develop entrepreneurial attitude in the capital market and to present the necessary solution for its implementation.In this study,after reviewing the research background and interviewing experts and academic professors in the field of capital market and entrepreneurship,6 main factors and 41subfactors were identified.Then the likert scale questionnaire was designed and distributed among the 384 managers and experts of financial institutions as well as investors in the capital market.Questionnaire data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis.At the end,the final model of the study was designed and suggestion were made to develop an entrepreneurial attitude in the capital market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
664 - Identifying the motives of electronic recommendation advertising in social media and improving the organization's financial approach
Rosha Makvandi Hossein Safarzadeh Hassan Esmaeilpour Mansoureh AligholiAbstract as social media has expanded ,Electronic word of mouth has gained prominence in marketing programs and strategies., in addition to increasing popularity on social media, This subject has made Electronic word of mouth enhance marketing communi MoreAbstract as social media has expanded ,Electronic word of mouth has gained prominence in marketing programs and strategies., in addition to increasing popularity on social media, This subject has made Electronic word of mouth enhance marketing communications and target market success as an undeniable part of various business activities. Efficient and effective use of such an opportunity entails identifying the motivations of Electronic word of mouth in social media, and the present study has pursued such an objective. The present study deals with qualitative paradigm and qualitative content analysis method. Therefore, the qualitative data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with professors, experts, consumers in Tehran through targeted sampling and snowballing. A total of 25 people were interviewed. The analysis of qualitative data collected by sign coding method identified 33 concepts that were classified into 7 general categories: Financial incentive, emotional, ambitious, functional, social, altruistic, and pleasure motivation. The validity of the research results was evaluated through peer review, paired survey and participatory research. Reliability was also tested using test-retest reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
665 - Investigating the effect of central bank intervention on the profitability of commercial banks in the country: a mild transfer regression approach
Azam Sadat Atyabi Alireza DagigiASL Gholamreza GaryenjadAbstract In the present study, in the first stage, the central bank's policy intervention index and foreign exchange market pressure were calculated, and then, using gentle transfer regression (STR), the effect of central bank intervention on the profitability of the c MoreAbstract In the present study, in the first stage, the central bank's policy intervention index and foreign exchange market pressure were calculated, and then, using gentle transfer regression (STR), the effect of central bank intervention on the profitability of the country's commercial banks was investigated. According to the model results; In 24 of the 30 years surveyed, the country's economy has faced increasing pressure from the foreign exchange market. In other words, between 1370 and 1399, the central bank's intervention activities eliminated an average of 24% of the foreign exchange market pressure. Also, the results of STR model estimation show the positive effect of economic growth rate variable on bank profitability and the negative effects of central bank intervention, stock return rate, credit risk, inflation rate and interest rate on the profitability of commercial banks. The negative coefficient of the central bank intervention index can indicate that the central bank, in the face of increasing positive deviations in the exchange rate, is pursuing a decline in the growth of its foreign reserves. In other words, with a further increase in the supply of foreign exchange in the market, its value decreases and the exchange rate return to its long-term path. On the other hand, if there is a negative deviation in the exchange rate of the central bank, by increasing the volume of foreign reserves and reducing the supply in the foreign exchange market, it can increase this rate and approach its long-term path, which is in line with existing theories. This is the context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
666 - Title of fitting and testing the native model of market orientation in the Iranian banking industry
مجید قلی پور یلدا رحمتی کامبیز شاهرودیThe purpose of this study is to fit the indigenous model of market orientation in the Iranian banking industry. The present study is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and in the first stage, the qualitative method with Strauss-Corbin approach was used to construct the mo MoreThe purpose of this study is to fit the indigenous model of market orientation in the Iranian banking industry. The present study is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and in the first stage, the qualitative method with Strauss-Corbin approach was used to construct the model and in the second stage, the structural equation method was used to test the model. After studying the theoretical foundations of market orientation, designing interview questions, conducting interviews and achieving theoretical saturation, a questionnaire was developed that was 288 items in 59 concepts. In order to check the validity of the final questionnaire, it was distributed among 12 industry and academic experts and after calculating the CVR of items, this value was reduced to 212 items in the form of 58 items. In the qualitative part of the statistical population included prominent banking experts and in the second step, which was the quantitative part of the research, a research questionnaire was distributed among middle managers, senior managers and experts of 33 banks in the country. The results showed that in the qualitative section, 54 concepts obtained were placed in 6 categories including strategies and actions, causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, consequences and central phenomena. Also, according to the software output in the quantitative part, the path coefficient value for the 5 relationships between the components of the model has a positive value, which means that the relationships are direct and only the variable relationship of interfering factors and strategies has a negative sign. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
667 - Nonlinear Effects of Financial Integration and Inflation on Labor Productivity in Selected Developing Countries: The Markov Switching Approach
Laleh Tabaghchi Akbari Mahmoud Babazadeh Ghasem Sameei Tahereh TaherehAkhundzadehYousefiAbstractOne of the most tangible and effective areas of productivity, which the process of transformation at it, can have a significant impact on this very important indicator, is process of financial integration. Financial integration by integrating financial economies MoreAbstractOne of the most tangible and effective areas of productivity, which the process of transformation at it, can have a significant impact on this very important indicator, is process of financial integration. Financial integration by integrating financial economies and relying more on market system and liberalization in its various dimensions can provide the basis for improving the productivity components. On the other hand, examining the impact of inflation on changes in growth rate of labor productivity is subject, which much attention in recent decades. Undoubtedly determination these effects can be helpful in adopting productivity policies. In this study, we investigate the nonlinear effects of financial integration and inflation on labor productivity in 15 selected developing countries at 2006 to 2019 with using of Markov Switching econometric technique. The results indicate that financial integration in both regimes, has a positive effect on labor productivity, but the intensity of this index impact is not very significant. There is also a Significant negative relationship about the effects of inflation on both regimes. Regarding the control variables, the business environment in first regime, has a negative effect and in second regime, it has a positive effect on labor productivity. Regarding the Institutional Factors Index, in the first regime has a positive relationship and in second regime has a negative relationship. Therefore, the need for new reform in these two areas is essential. So, it is necessary to make sustainable and cohesive planning to improve and development of financial integration indicators and also, control inflation in these societies, until from this way, to provide the grounds for promotion of labor productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
668 - Provide a framework for financial reporting of banks in Iran with an Islamic banking approach
Morteza Darvishi Reza Nazari Bahman Banimahd Mehdi MoradzadehfardAbstractObjective: The purpose of this study is to provide a framework for financial reporting of banks ‎in Iran according to the characteristics of the banking system.‎Methods: in this research, the qualitative research method and the approach based on ‎Gro MoreAbstractObjective: The purpose of this study is to provide a framework for financial reporting of banks ‎in Iran according to the characteristics of the banking system.‎Methods: in this research, the qualitative research method and the approach based on ‎Grounded theory have been used. First, by obtaining the opinions of accounting and auditing ‎experts, related managers in the Auditing Organization, the factors affecting the quality of ‎reporting in the Iranian banking system are examined. Finally, a model including causal ‎conditions, intervening factors and context, as well as strategies related to quality, reporting ‎and its consequences are presented.‎Results: According to the results of the research, reforming the operating structure of the ‎banking system, reforming the supervisory structure of the central bank, training staff, creating ‎new Islamic tools, applying sharia supervision, amending the law on interest-free banking, ‎creating monetary policy tools in accordance with Sharia and implementing jurisprudential ‎criteria as the most important Background variables and habit, different theories of jurists, ‎speculation, formalities of activities, legal weaknesses, weakness in religious supervision, costly ‎ness, the category of usury, the separation of the realm of religious issues with scientific issues ‎and the conflict between theories of Islamic economics and conventional economic theories. ‎Were identified as the most important inhibitory variables.‎Conclusion: the implementation of financial reporting of banks in Iran with the approach of ‎Islamic banking, leads to justice, proper distribution of wealth, performance improvement, job ‎security, compliance with Sharia, proper structure of the banking system, sustainable economic ‎development and finally Islamic ethics.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
669 - Qualitative model of consumer behavior in the of durable goods market (household goods) based on value theory
Bahman Naghdi Abdollah Naami Naser Azad Mohammad NasrollahniyaAbstract The present research aimed at designing an indigenous model of durable goods’ consumer behavior based on the value theory in a closed economy (under sanctions) using the grounded theory approach. In this regard, in-depth and semi-structured interviews al MoreAbstract The present research aimed at designing an indigenous model of durable goods’ consumer behavior based on the value theory in a closed economy (under sanctions) using the grounded theory approach. In this regard, in-depth and semi-structured interviews along with targeted and snowball sampling method were employed. The research statistical population included marketing professors and experts as well as household appliances practitioners. Data analysis was undertaken using open, axial and selective coding method. In this way, a paradigm model including 10 main categories, 22 sub-categories, and 116 concepts was designed. Based on the model, shopping values were introduced as consumer behavior’s causal factors, cultural and social values along with personal (internal) and external factors were introduced as antecedents. The characteristics of the consumer market were also enumerated as intervening factors with some effects on Iranian consumers’ behavior. Improvement strategies were considered as ways which result in consumer decapitation phenomenon and consumer loyalty. The present research results can help producers and policy makers to understand Iranian consumer's behavior towards Iran-made durable goods, especially in household appliance industry, and to develop appropriate strategies for managing the market regarding sanctions and import prohibitions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
670 - Presenting a Comprehensive Model for Measuring the Liquidity Risk of Banks Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (Case Study: Mellat Bank)
Toraj Azari Mojtaba Tastori Reza Tehrani AbstractLack of liquidity management of banks is one of the most important risks for any bank and lack of attention to liquidity risk leads to irreparable consequences. Preventing liquidity risk requires a comprehensive measurement method but liquidity risk is com More AbstractLack of liquidity management of banks is one of the most important risks for any bank and lack of attention to liquidity risk leads to irreparable consequences. Preventing liquidity risk requires a comprehensive measurement method but liquidity risk is complicated issue, and this complexity makes it difficult to provide a proper definition. In addition, defining liquidity risk determinants and formulation of the related objective function to measurement its value is a difficult task. To address these problems and assess liquidity risk and its key factors, in this study we propose a model that uses artificial neural networks and Bayesian networks. Design and implementation of this model includes several algorithms and experiments to validate the model. In this paper, we have used Levenberg-Marquardt and Genetic optimization algorithms to teach artificial neural networks. We have also implemented a case study in Bank Mellat to demonstrate the feasibility, efficiency, accuracy and flexibility of the research liquidity risk measurement model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
671 - Designing and explaining the indigenous model of empowerment in business-oriented non-governmental organizations
Norouz Hajibabaei Ali Akbar RezaeAbstract Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as community-oriented structures with the aim of benefiting the people of the society and by creating business spaces by the government and removing the obstacles that existed before, are developing their activities in the MoreAbstract Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as community-oriented structures with the aim of benefiting the people of the society and by creating business spaces by the government and removing the obstacles that existed before, are developing their activities in the field of commercial and economic activities. The aim of the present study was to provide a local model of empowering non-governmental organizations with emphasis on key business factors. In order to conduct this research, the researcher used a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative).in the qualitative part based on the data method of the research paradigm model including causal conditions (management and macro-organizational factors, social and support factors, marketing and information); contextual conditions (society-oriented areas, business-oriented areas); Intervening conditions (intra-organizational factors, extra-organizational factors, electronic empowerment of employees, electronic platform); and strategies (commercial development of cements, media actions, support, fundamentals); It was identified and classified. In the quantitative part, through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the indicators of the obtained categories were tested and the factor loadings of all indicators were estimated, which showed the approval of those indicators and categories. . Also, the researcher, based on the outputs of the qualitative section and the EFA test, designed assumptions (8 hypotheses) and measured the claimed relationships through the structural equation test in the Smart PLS software.In the end, based on path coefficients (beta) and significance coefficients (Z), all the claimed hypotheses were confirmed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
672 - Developing Green Banking Model Based on Innovation Management Components for Sustainable Competitive Advantage
فاطمه حجاران رضا رادفر علی دیواندری داوود فداییAbstract By promoting a sustainable environment and investing in social responsibility,the banking industry can provide sustainable development and benefit from it. The purpose of this study is to provide a green banking model based on innovation management to gain sus MoreAbstract By promoting a sustainable environment and investing in social responsibility,the banking industry can provide sustainable development and benefit from it. The purpose of this study is to provide a green banking model based on innovation management to gain sustainable competitive advantage in this industry. In this research, based on the effective components of the Green Banking Model (Hajjaran et al.,1397),a green banking model was presented and six standard questionnaires were used to assess the fit of the model and confirm the five-dimensional hypothesis of the research.Using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System. The analyzes were performed on the data obtained from 310 questionnaires by a random sample from senior managers, middle managers and employees of the innovation,information technology sector of the selected banking industry. After implementing the model, the results show that increasing the component of innovation management will increase the amount of sustainable competitive advantage. Increasing the variable of innovation management as well as increasing green banking has increased the competitive advantage of sustainability. Also, increasing the green bank rules and regulations by increasing the green bank variable has increased the competitive advantage of the bank. Increasing the amount of Green Bank component and mediating senior management's environmental concerns maximizes sustainable competitive advantage and increasing innovation management and increasing environmental concerns of senior management will increase the sustainable competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
673 - The Impact of Entrepreneurship Financing Methods on Collective Participation in Knowledge-Based Businesses
بهمن اسکندری حسین وظیفه دوست پریوش جعفری مرتضی موسی خانیThe trend of increasing developments in today's business environment, these types of companies, whose technological capabilities, skilled workforce and advanced management are their most important features, are part of global networks and production chains. Data, theref MoreThe trend of increasing developments in today's business environment, these types of companies, whose technological capabilities, skilled workforce and advanced management are their most important features, are part of global networks and production chains. Data, therefore, seems to be the key to the economic development of the next decade, the development of knowledge-based companies. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial financing methods on collective participation in knowledge-based businesses. The research method of the present article is practical and in terms of research method, data collection is by survey. The statistical population of this article is the officials and managers of knowledge-based companies, the elites in the executive work of knowledge-based companies, and the professors of the universities of the country. Due to the large population, the sample size was selected non-randomly and purposefully. In this article, among the officials and managers of knowledge-based companies, the elites are active in the executive work of knowledge-based companies, and university professors are 50 people by non-random and purposeful sampling method as the sample size of experts. Was determined. The data collection tool in this research is a researcher-made questionnaire and questionnaire that using the content validity ratio index, the validity of the questionnaire questions was examined and it was shown that the validity of the questionnaire questions is confirmed. Then, the reliability of the questionnaires was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was reported to be 0.851%, which indicates that the questionnaire used has the necessary reliability (reliability). Then, using SPSS 24 software, the collected data were analyzed in two stages: descriptive and inferential statistics. The results obtained in this paper using multivariate linear regression equation show the methods of mass financing (method of receiving facilities, method of forming cooperatives, method of creating a plan as equity, method of dissemination). Participation bonds, the method of creating investment companies, the method of participating in the stock market, the method of attracting capital through angels, the method of risky investment funds) on and meeting the financial needs related to the company's activities. Knowledge-based activities have a positive and significant effect. And expand knowledge-based businesses. Therefore, it is suggested that according to the results of research in Iran, financing has a long history and it is possible to revive the cultures of the past today by using the direction of collective financing in order to develop entrepreneurship, including crowdfunding. (Local deciduous trees), using the family financing method and using Qarzah al-Hasna loans in the neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
674 - The efficiency of statistical and machine learning models in fraud financial statement
حسن ملکی کاکلر جمال بحری ثالث سعید جبارزاده کنگرلویی علی آشتابThe existence and persistence of fraud in financial statements can have adverse impact on the sustainable development of the capital markets as well as the financial health of companies. Using conventional audit procedures which is applied to prevent and detect fraudule MoreThe existence and persistence of fraud in financial statements can have adverse impact on the sustainable development of the capital markets as well as the financial health of companies. Using conventional audit procedures which is applied to prevent and detect fraudulent financial statements, auditors fail to cope with emerging accounting frauds. This can be due to many reasons, such as the lack of the required data mining knowledge, the complexity and infrequency of financial frauds, and the auditors without much experience. Accordingly, due to importance of identifying fraud in capital market, different types of statistical and machine learning based models were examined to establish a rigorous and effective model to detect financial statements fraud in this study. For this purpose, 20 variables in the form of the pentagonal fraud with emphasis on the structure of internal controls (pressure, opportunity, justification, capability, arrogance and internal control structure) were used from 166 manufacturing companies listed on Tehran stock exchange over the period 2009-2018. Based on the statistical indices obtained, machine learning based models exhibited higher predictive ability and accuracy than statistical based models in predicting financial statement fraud. The results also showed that C5, CHAID and C&R decision tree models were highly accurate in prediction of fraudulent data presented in fnancial statement. Accordingly, the efficacy of combination of CHAID, C5 and C&R decision tree algorithms which had the highest accuracy in prediction of fraudulent financial reporting was examined. The high accuracy of 92.61% of the combination of these algorithms in fraud prediction shows that data mining methods based on machine learning models and especially their combination can be used successfully in fnancial statement fraud prediction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
675 - An Investigation of the Relationship between Profitability and Company Reputations on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure in Iran
محبوبه خان احمدی محسن دستگیر سعید علی احمدیThis article aims to investigate the relationship between profitability and corporate reputation to explain the determinants of corporate social responsibility disclosure in Iran. This research has been conducted on companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and base MoreThis article aims to investigate the relationship between profitability and corporate reputation to explain the determinants of corporate social responsibility disclosure in Iran. This research has been conducted on companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and based on the information of 127 companies for 2009-2018. In this paper, a multiple regression model in the form of panel data and fixed effects method has been used. The results showed that the company's profitability is a determining factor in disclosing corporate social responsibility in Iran. According to these findings, more profitable companies employed in the capital had better disclosure of social responsibility. The results showed that the company's reputation had not been a determining factor in disclosing corporate social responsibility in Iran. Well-known companies have received the benefits of performing and broadcasting social activities to the desired extent and have reached perfection in this area. Therefore, they do not see the need to disclose current activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
676 - The impact of auditor's social and human capital on audit services
Zahra Houshmand Neghabi arzhang shahbazi Fahimeh Abas Abadi arabiAbstract The present study examines the impact of auditor social and human capital on audit services. This research is descriptive in nature and method and in terms of purpose, it is an applied research and since in the present study the current status of variables has MoreAbstract The present study examines the impact of auditor social and human capital on audit services. This research is descriptive in nature and method and in terms of purpose, it is an applied research and since in the present study the current status of variables has been analyzed using past information through past information, it is in the category of descriptive studies. And post-event type is included. In the course of this research, two hypotheses were formulated and 112 Firms were selected through sampling by systematic deletion method for a period of 7 years between 2015 to 2021 and data related to research variables after compilation in Excel software using software Ivory version 10 were statistically analyzed. The results of the hypothesis test showed that the social and human capital of the auditor has a significant direct effect on audit services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
677 - Identify controllable risks of tax non-compliance with the structural equation modeling
رضا کامیاب تیموری امیررضا کیقبادی غلامرضا فرساد امان الهیTax non-compliance that leads to the tax gap, depends on various factors such as structural problems of the tax system, economic, social, psychological, cultural factors and the existing image of the tax system in society. In order to determine preventive strategies to MoreTax non-compliance that leads to the tax gap, depends on various factors such as structural problems of the tax system, economic, social, psychological, cultural factors and the existing image of the tax system in society. In order to determine preventive strategies to deal with cases of noncompliance for tax management, it is necessary to determine the incentives for non-compliance. In this study to identify controllable incentives for tax non-compliance after a semi-structured interview with 30 tax experts and after achieving theoretical saturation by using the method of theme analysis and coding. we prepared a researcher-made questionnaire containing 69 questions and with the structural equations approach, the relations are presented and after testing the model, the identified stimuli are categorized. Identifying the stimuli of noncompliance instead of its cases is known as a knowledge gap.The innovation of this research is focus on identifying the drivers of internal tax risk, that can be influenced through the policy of Iranian Tax Administration, with preventing approach. Therefore, the tax organization can use the results of this study to make changes or amendments to the regulations and executive processes and play a more effective role in managing tax compliance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
678 - Examining the Interdependence Structure of Iran's Stock Market and MENA Countries
Seyed Mohammad Reza Khatami Gholam Reza Zomorodian Mir Feiz Fallah Shams Layalestani Mehrzad MinoueiAbstractIran's stock market should be related to the stock market of other countries, especially the countries of the region; This connection and dependence accelerates the accumulation and formation of capital and provides many opportunities to investors. With this app MoreAbstractIran's stock market should be related to the stock market of other countries, especially the countries of the region; This connection and dependence accelerates the accumulation and formation of capital and provides many opportunities to investors. With this approach, the present study has investigated the dependence structure of the stock market of Iran and MENA countries. In order to achieve this goal, first, information about the total stock market index of MENA countries from September 2015 to June 2022 was collected and then the fluctuations of the total stock market index of the countriescalculated using wavelet analysis. In the continuation, the Vector Autoregresive (VAR) model estimation and Granger causality test regarding the relationship between the stock market fluctuations of Iran and the countries of the region was carried out. Finally, the quantile regression was estimated and the upper and lower limits of the correlation between Iran's stock market and MENA countries were determined. The results of the wavelet analysis showed that, the range of fluctuations of the total stock market index in MENA countries has increased, over time. Based on the results of the VAR model and the Granger causality test, Iran's stock market is unilaterally affected by the stock market fluctuations of Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Lebanony؛ if fluctuations occur in the stock market of these countries, This work will be transferred to the Iranian stock market immediately. In addition, there was no sign of the impact of the stock market flactuations of Jordan and Bahrain as well as North African countries including Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco on Iranian stock market. The results of quantile regression also showed that the affectability of Iran's stock market from fluctuations is different for different countries and quantiles. In this regard, in the months when the volatility in the stock market of the mentioned countries was less, the effect of the fluctuations on the Iranian stock market was less, and on the other hand, in the months when significant fluctuations occurred in the stock market, the amount of volatility transferred to the Iranian stock market was also higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
679 - The effects of Islamic bonds (sukuk) on economic growth based on a stochastic dynamic equilibrium model DSGE
Seyed Farshid gharavi Ahmad naghiloo Ashkan rahimzadehAbstract The importance of the bank's role in the current era is clear and one of its roles is financial intermediation between savers and investors. This role can be very important in helping to convert capital. In other words, the main task of banks is to equip and a MoreAbstract The importance of the bank's role in the current era is clear and one of its roles is financial intermediation between savers and investors. This role can be very important in helping to convert capital. In other words, the main task of banks is to equip and allocate money, subsidiaries and alternative securities, which is done by accepting deposits and giving loans. Islam is not against the idea of banking and banking, as long as it is not against books, traditions and values, but Islam is opposed to usurious banking based on interest rates. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Islamic financial instruments (Sukuk) on economic growth in Iran. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive data and information collection. The time domain of the research is in the period of 1370 to 1399. Method 1 of 7 In this research, an attempt has been made to identify the effects of Islamic bonds (sukuk) on economic growth by theoretically explaining and designing a model and using the methods of DSGE stochastic dynamic equilibrium model, so that the empirical effect of this relationship is analyzed. Be located. And it was shown that Islamic financial instruments (sukuk) affect Iran's economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
680 - Alyzing the Effects of Fuel Price Reform on Electricity Industry’s Financial Balance, Employing a Simulation of the Function of the Market
jamshid Pajooyan Taymot mohammadi Ali Asghar Ismail Nia elham gaforiyan Abstract This article is devoted to the study of the impact of a reform in power plant fuel prices on the key variables of Iran's electricity market (average electricity price and the financial balance of the electricity industry). It is based on a simulation m More Abstract This article is devoted to the study of the impact of a reform in power plant fuel prices on the key variables of Iran's electricity market (average electricity price and the financial balance of the electricity industry). It is based on a simulation model. In this regard, we employed a model in which the presence or absence of competition in the electricity market is based on the amount of power plant storage factor that is available in every hour. The corresponding critical storage factor, which is based on actual operation, is also calculated. Due to a suppressed price cap and availability rate (that is even lower than what is necessary for sending optimal investment signals), the current price cap and availability rate is not a valid starting point for calculating the desired effects. Hence, before examining the effects of a price reform on the mentioned variables, the price cap and availability rates need to be adjusted to a level that can guarantee a minimum IRR for investors in this sector. According to calculations, in order to sending the necessary signals for investment, by assuming a fixed availability rate, it is necessary to increase the current price cap (nearly 417 Rials per kilowatt hour) to a new level (570 Rials per kilowatt hour). According to that, the average wholesale market price will increase from nearly 600 Rials per kilowatt hour to 706 Rials per kilowatt hour. The implementation of this policy imposes a financial burden of about 29894 billion Rials to the Ministry of Energy. Given that, in markets amid with a price cap (and hence an availability payment), a price reform in fuel price, requires a proportional modification in the market price cap. Based on this obligation, the effects of the price reform on the mentioned variables, is calculated and analyzed. The analysis is based on three different scenarios about fuel price for power plants; The price of gas used in the petrochemical industry (as a raw material for this industry), the price of gas that is exported to Turkey, and, the minimum bound foreseen in the "law on the targeting of subsidies" in relation to the price of natural gas. Implementation of the mentioned scenarios will increase the market cap from 570 Rials per kilowatt hour to 1783, 3655 and 2830 Rials per kilowatt hour respectively. Adjusted average market price, proportional to the adjustment made in the market price cap, would be equivalent to 1922, 3801 and 2973 rials per kilowatt hour respectively. Furthermore, the financial burden corresponding to these scenarios will be 61717, 156574 and 114866 billion Rials respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
681 - Fuzzy intelligent forecasting approaches and tools in the field of digital currencies: A systematic review
Davood ZareKhaneghah Ali Mohammadi Mohammad Imani Barandagh Amir NajafiAbstract Digital currency, is one of the most important factors in the success of organizations that will be present in the arena of global competition. In the present review, the most important theories of digital currency forecasting based on fuzzy hybrid models and MoreAbstract Digital currency, is one of the most important factors in the success of organizations that will be present in the arena of global competition. In the present review, the most important theories of digital currency forecasting based on fuzzy hybrid models and artificial neural networks have been systematically investigated. These models mainly focus on supervised methods for measuring hybrid models. Also, basic concepts about the history of hybrid models from the first proposed models to current developed models, their combinations and architectural capabilities, data processing and measurement methods of these intelligent models are presented so that evolution This category of intelligent systems is analyzed. Finally, the features of prominent (leading) models and their applications in digital currency forecasting are presented. The results show that fuzzy neural network models and their derivatives are efficient in predicting digital currency with very high accuracy and with good justification capability that is used in a wide range of economic and scientific fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
682 - The nonlinear effects of entrepreneurship and institutional factors on financial development
Maryam Sarfaraz Mohammadyar Mohammad Sokhanvar Elnaz EntezarAbstract The effect of financial development on the economy is so important that today it is believed that economic development cannot be achieved without an efficient and developed financial sector. In this research, to investigate the nonlinear intersectional effects MoreAbstract The effect of financial development on the economy is so important that today it is believed that economic development cannot be achieved without an efficient and developed financial sector. In this research, to investigate the nonlinear intersectional effects of entrepreneurship and institutional factors on financial development (banking credit and value of trading shares) in 14 countries with high HDI during the time period of 2007-2020 using the panel data econometric technique It is addressed by nonlinear Nonlinear Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) approach. The results of the estimations indicate that in the studied countries, the positive (negative) shocks of the intersectional effects of entrepreneurship and institutional factors have a positive (negative) effect on banking credit and value of trading shares. According to the results, first by improving and then by expanding the institutional and entrepreneurship indicators, it is possible to play a significant role in increasing the financial development indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
683 - Investigating the effect of electronic receipt and payment tools on reducing government and bank costs
Behzad Alinejadi Ahmed Sarlak Cambys HejbarKianiAbstractToday To continue their economic life, financial institutions are required to adopt e-banking methods in order to be more competitive, reduce operating costs, increase profitability, and improve the quality of customer service. Electronic services and the develo MoreAbstractToday To continue their economic life, financial institutions are required to adopt e-banking methods in order to be more competitive, reduce operating costs, increase profitability, and improve the quality of customer service. Electronic services and the development of e-banking are a big step towards reducing costs, reducing government spending and even controlling cost. This study aims to investigate the effect of e-banking in reducing banking operating costs and reducing government spending by using a random dynamic general equilibrium and considering the economic sectors of households, enterprises, government and monetary authority and information of private and public banks. To study in the period of 1375-1396. The results indicate that the use of electronic payment and receipt tools will lead to further reductions in bank costs, as well as lower energy prices and government spending. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
684 - The Effects of Too-Big-to-Fail Periods Banks on Deposits in Government and Private Banks in Iran (Dynamic Panel Data Approach)
Hossein Mirzaei mehrdad rezaei Javad Salahi Majid Afshari RadAbstractIn the wake of recent financial crisis, large banks have been considered as important factors in financial markets in the world, since these banks' failure could affect the whole economy by extending systemic risk. With regard to this issue, when large banks fac MoreAbstractIn the wake of recent financial crisis, large banks have been considered as important factors in financial markets in the world, since these banks' failure could affect the whole economy by extending systemic risk. With regard to this issue, when large banks face insolvency or bankruptcy, larger part of economy would be affected, and with the interconnectedness between banks and financial institutions, the effects of large banks' bankruptcy will have greater impact on the real economy. After financial crisis, many studies have concentrated on the failure of TBTF banks, and the role of these banks in the incident of financial crisis. Number of specialists emphasize on bank size and Basel Committee on Banking Supervision regulated by the classification of banks and their systemically important banks. The study of risk among systemically important banks is important to Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Many studies confirm that larger banks tend to have less capital, less stability and sustainability of resources, and higher risk-taking activities, therefore, larger banks have become fragile in financial markets. Moreover, the other explanatory variables such as inflation and GDP growth have negative and positive effects on deposits volume in Iran respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
685 - Investigating the relationship between economic freedom and social welfare in Iran, based on Amartya Sen of social welfare
محمد جواد مهدی زاده راینی حمید محمدی ماشالله سالارپور سامان ضیاییAbstract One of the macroeconomic goals of countries is to create the necessary conditions to promote social welfare. One of the factors affecting the welfare of economic freedom. In this way, the freedom of the economy through the use of a set of solutions seeks to ac MoreAbstract One of the macroeconomic goals of countries is to create the necessary conditions to promote social welfare. One of the factors affecting the welfare of economic freedom. In this way, the freedom of the economy through the use of a set of solutions seeks to achieve some goals that increase the level of welfare through these goals. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between economic freedom and social welfare in Iran using the ARDL model. This study was based on seasonal data during 2002-2019. The results showed that by increasing economic freedom by one percent, the social welfare index increased by 0.105 percent. and increasing per capita income increases the social welfare index by 0.142 percent. The effect of an increase in the unemployment rate by one percent reduces the social welfare index by -0.122 percent. The effect of a 1% increase in college education was followed by an increase in the social welfare index of 0.283. Also, as the population over 65 years of age, the social welfare index declines by -0.673 percent. The effect of increasing government size also reduces the social welfare index by -0.427 percent. Finally, the effect of increasing tax revenues by one percent, social welfare index by 0.361 percent. According to the results, it can be said that economic freedom can increase social welfare and equity by removing the constraints and limitations of economic pursuits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
686 - Investigating the Impact of CEO Power, Political Communication and Social Responsibility on Cash Investment Sensitivity in Companies Listed on Tehran Stock Exchange
فاطمه مرانی اله کرم صالحی علیرضا جرجرزاده احمد کعب عمیرThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of CEO power, political communication and social responsibility on the sensitivity of investing in cash in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To determine the extent of political communication, two crite MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of CEO power, political communication and social responsibility on the sensitivity of investing in cash in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To determine the extent of political communication, two criteria have been used, including government ownership and taxes paid.For this purpose, three (3) hypotheses have been developed to study this issue and the data related to 104 member companies of Tehran Stock Exchange for the period between 1390 and 1397 have been analyzed. The research regression model has been investigated and tested using a combined data method with an integrated approach.The results show that the power of the CEO has a negative and significant effect on the sensitivity of investing in cash, the criteria of political communication have a negative and significant effect on the sensitivity of investing in cash and social responsibility has a negative and significant effect on It has the sensitivity of investing in cash. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
687 - Company value prediction based on deep learning methods
Seyedeh Maryam Babanezhad Bagheri Abbasali PourAghajan M. Mehdi Abbasian FeridoniAbstract Prediction and clear understanding of the behavior of a phenomenon plays a major role in adopting strategies and decisions. All-round development and deepening of the capital market as the driving engine of economic development requires the public trust of par MoreAbstract Prediction and clear understanding of the behavior of a phenomenon plays a major role in adopting strategies and decisions. All-round development and deepening of the capital market as the driving engine of economic development requires the public trust of participants in its efficiency and correctness in determining the fair price of securities. On the other hand, predicting company value, price fluctuations, or stock returns is very important in portfolio selection, asset management, and even stock pricing of newly listed companies.In this research, using the data of 159 companies during a 10-year period including 2011-2020 and the factors affecting the company's value, including financial ratios, corporate governance mechanisms, macroeconomic factors, and the stock market, the company's value has been predicted. In this research, two structures of deep learning methods including GRU and BLSTM are used for better evaluation. The results of examining the data collected using deep learning techniques indicated that the combined model with a lower RMSE error than the GRU model predicted the value of the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
688 - The Interactive Approach in the use of management control systems in Iranian state-owned companies
علیرضا فریمانی امید پور حیدری احمد خدامی پورAbstractThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between interactive and diagnostic approach in the use of management control systems with the acceptance of new management accounting activities and its impact on the success of these activities i MoreAbstractThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between interactive and diagnostic approach in the use of management control systems with the acceptance of new management accounting activities and its impact on the success of these activities in Iranian state-owned companies. The statistical population in the present study is all financial experts and heads of industrial accounting in Iranian state-owned companies. In this study, the views of 15 financial experts and heads of industrial accounting in Iranian state-owned companies have been used, and in a small number of employees of Iranian state-owned companies, about 384 people were considered as available sample. The interview was used to collect research data in the qualitative part and a questionnaire was used in the quantitative part. In this research, Delphi technique, hierarchical analysis and interpretive structural modeling have been used to identify and design the pattern of index relations. Qualitative data analysis in this study was performed by theme analysis method. MAXQDA software was used for qualitative content analysis. Also, in a small part, structural equation modeling methods, ie partial least squares (PLS) method were used to test the measurement model and research hypotheses. According to the results, 17 identified criteria were evaluated and approved based on the opinion of experts. Based on the results, the proposed model was analyzed as a structural equation model and it was shown that the proposed model has a fit and is quantitatively approved. Finally, it can be concluded that in order to maintain a competitive advantage, organizations must adapt to changes in external accounting, such as competitors, customers, government and changing laws, as well as internal sources such as cost reduction and quality improvement; It can help managers make the right decisions to make the business environment more dynamic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
689 - Investigating the effect of managerial Entrenchment on disclosure Given the role of debt maturity moderator of companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange
نجمه حبیبی محمد مهدی عباسیان عباسعلی پورآقاجانThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of managerial Entrenchment on disclosure of information regarding the moderating role of debt maturity in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. This is a descriptive-correlational study and it is an applied re MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of managerial Entrenchment on disclosure of information regarding the moderating role of debt maturity in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. This is a descriptive-correlational study and it is an applied research. The statistical population of the study consisted of all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1392 to 1396. The research data were extracted from corporate financial statements and analyzed by regression models using combined data method. The findings of the study showed that managerial Entrenchment has an impact on the reliability of financial statements of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange and also showed that managerial Entrenchment due to the role of debt maturity moderator on timely financial statements of listed companies Tehran's stock has been impressive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
690 - Behavioral factors affecting the decisions of foreign investors in Iran
Mozhgan Babaee Yadollah Rajaei Ashkan Rahimzadeh Mohammad DalmanpourAbstract One of the basic strategies in supporting Iranian labor and capital is to pay attention to foreign investment. Obviously, foreign investment can lead to the transfer of technology and technical knowledge, improve management and marketing methods, training and MoreAbstract One of the basic strategies in supporting Iranian labor and capital is to pay attention to foreign investment. Obviously, foreign investment can lead to the transfer of technology and technical knowledge, improve management and marketing methods, training and education of human resources, easier access to export markets, and so on. so; The main purpose of this article was to investigate the behavioral factors affecting the decisions of foreign investors in Iran in both econometric and qualitative sections. In this article, data in the econometrics section were collected annually in the period of 1372 to 1400, and in the qualitative section, a questionnaire (researcher-made) field method was used to collect information and data. To determine the validity of the questionnaire and test, experts were consulted and the questionnaire in terms of validity (validity) was approved by obtaining the opinion of the respected supervisor. On the other hand, some questions lacking the necessary characteristics were removed and some ambiguous questions were corrected, which indicates the formal validity of those questions in the questionnaire. Then, in this study, content validity ratio was used to examine the validity of the questions. The results of the analysis based on the AR model indicate that an increase in foreign direct investment (FDI) in the previous period will increase foreign direct investment (FDI) by investors from the country, the reason for this should be sought in behavioral economics. The results obtained from the analysis of t-test show that the mean behavioral economics variables (risk aversion, herding behavior, social security, conservative mental accounting (bias) and orientation) influence the decisions of foreign direct investors. Is transient and is statistically valid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
691 - The Impact of Macroeconomic, Financial, Economic and Economic Crisis Indicators on Trade Cycles of Iran and Selected Islamic and Developed Developing Countries
Seyedeh Fatemeh Bagheri Rafik Nazarian Manijeh Manijeh Hadinejad Marjan DamankeshidehAbstractThe present study uses the Generalized System Torque Model (SGMM) and dynamic panel data (PANEL VAR) to investigate the impact of macroeconomic, financial, economic and economic crises on business cycles of selected developing and developed countries over time. MoreAbstractThe present study uses the Generalized System Torque Model (SGMM) and dynamic panel data (PANEL VAR) to investigate the impact of macroeconomic, financial, economic and economic crises on business cycles of selected developing and developed countries over time. 2013-2019, 1392-1398. In this paper, the effect of independent variables (liquidity risk, return on assets, capital adequacy ratio, etc.) on business cycles in selected countries through the output gap variable using the Hadrick Prescott filter is used to evaluate the results of the model. Liquidity risk, lending facility growth rates and financial crises have a negative impact on the output gap, while return on assets, capital adequacy ratio, crude oil prices, exchange rates and the development of financial markets have a negative impact on periods. Have left the trade of selected countries.The results of the study of the reactions of instantaneous reaction (IRF) and analysis of variance for developed countries show that a standard deviation in terms of oil price index and exchange rate on the output gap, these variables show a decrease of up to two periods. Increased development of financial markets and banking health has continued, after 2 periods of shock effect of oil prices and exchange rates over time on the output gap of developed countries will be minimized.Also for developing countries; a standard deviation from The area of oil price index and exchange rate on the output gap, these variables have increased up to two periods and after 4 periods, has decreased, in other words, the effect of oil prices on the production of developing countries shows that in periods Rising oil prices, investment and production have increased, and conversely, when oil revenues fall, we see a decline in production, in other words, rising oil revenues are largely unmanaged, in other words, long-term investments are spent on short-term expenditures. It has resulted in nothing but inflation and increased liquidity for these countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
692 - Studying the cognitive bias in investors' behavior for stock price fluctuations
بهزاد سعادت زاده حصار رسول عبدی حیدر محمدزاده سالطه محمد نریمانیThis research aims at studying the cognitive bias in investors' behavior for stock price fluctuations in Tehran Stock Exchange. The methodology of this research was descriptive-correlational and path-analysis. The statistical population of this research was all the list MoreThis research aims at studying the cognitive bias in investors' behavior for stock price fluctuations in Tehran Stock Exchange. The methodology of this research was descriptive-correlational and path-analysis. The statistical population of this research was all the listed investors in Tehran Stock Exchange out of which, 384 people were selected by the convenient sampling method. Morgan table was used in this research to determine the sample volume. The measurement tools were the researcher-made questionnaires whose validity and reliability was confirmed after design and evaluation by professors and statistical methods. In addition, the beta coefficient was calculated to identify and compare the intensity and effect of cognitive bias components. The results of studying the mediating relationships of research variables showed the positive and significant relationship in 0.001 level between the cognitive bias and investors' behavior under low fluctuations with path coefficient (indirect) (0.35). In addition, there was a positive and significant relationship between the cognitive bias and investors' behavior under the high fluctuations with path coefficient (indirect) (-0.30) in 0.001 level. Therefore, it can be claimed that the cognitive bias reduced under the low fluctuations. As a result, the investors' behaviors were less influenced by the cognitive bias. On the other hand, the high fluctuations negatively influenced the investors' behavior and increased the errors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
693 - Designing an Emotional Marketing Model with Emotional Approach in orde to Implemnt Goog Governance: Case Study of Bank Sepah Customers in North of Tehran
Siamak Naseri Vahid Araei Mina JamshidiAbstractObjectives: This research aims to implement an emotional marketing model with emotional approach in order to reach to a good governance. The case study was done on customers of Bank Sepah in northern zone of Tehran.Methodology: The research is practical survey a MoreAbstractObjectives: This research aims to implement an emotional marketing model with emotional approach in order to reach to a good governance. The case study was done on customers of Bank Sepah in northern zone of Tehran.Methodology: The research is practical survey and the statistical population consists of 10 experts in a decision team exploring indicators and variables by targeted non-random and snow bullet methods.Results: The research is calibrated into 51 indicators totally classified in 11 components and 3 dimensions. The components are Understanding Emotions, Quality of Emotional Relations, Reaction to Emotions, Motivations, Capitalization, Instruction, Communication, Information, Social Skills, Value Creation and Participatory Strategy.Conclusion: Three main dimensions of Emotional Performance, Emotional Self-Effectiveness and Emotional Participatory must be considered in reaching the model for implementing emotional marketing with emotional approach in order to come off good governance by the case study of Bank Sepah customers in north of Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
694 - Examining the Efficiency Models, Genetic Algorithm under MSV Risk and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm under CVAR Risk Criterion in Selection Optimal Portfolio Shares Listed Firms on Stock Exchange
Dariush Adinevand Ebrahim Ali Razini Mahmoud Khodam Fereydoun Ohadi Elham Elsadat HashemizadehAbstract Choosing the optimal stock portfolio is one of the main goals of capital management. Today, There are several tools and techniques for measuring portfolio risk and selecting the optimal stock portfolio. In this article, using data of 15 shares selected by purp MoreAbstract Choosing the optimal stock portfolio is one of the main goals of capital management. Today, There are several tools and techniques for measuring portfolio risk and selecting the optimal stock portfolio. In this article, using data of 15 shares selected by purposeful sampling method from the top companies of Tehran Stock Exchange Organization including; PKOD, ZMYD, BPAS, FOLD, MKBT, GOLG, MSMI, PTAP, SSEP, AZAB, FKAS, NBEH, PFAN, GMRO and GSBE, the First return of these stocks are calculated daily in the period of 31/3/1394 -31/3/1399 for 5 years for 1183 days and then using MATLAB software models The Metaheuristic Optimization of the Genetic Algorithm under the MSV Risk Criterion and the Particle Swarm Algorithm under the CVaR risk Criterion are Compared. The results show that the genetic algorithm model under MSV risk criterion is more efficient and less risky, therefore the genetic algorithm model under MSV risk criterion is more efficient than the particle swarm algorithm model under CVaR risk criterion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
695 - Investigating the relationship between free cash flow, investment sensitivity and the moderating role of financial constraints
فاطمه مدانلو آرش نادریان علی خوزین جمادوردی گرگانلیOne of the topics well dealt with in the theoretical foundations of financial economics is the sensitivity of investment costs to cash flow. The extent to which a company relies on internal resources is determined by the investment's sensitivity to its cash flow. Theref MoreOne of the topics well dealt with in the theoretical foundations of financial economics is the sensitivity of investment costs to cash flow. The extent to which a company relies on internal resources is determined by the investment's sensitivity to its cash flow. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between free cash flow and investment sensitivity with respect to the moderating role of financial constraint in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample companies in this study included 125 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2012 to 2016. In this regard, there are three hypotheses that there is a significant relationship between free cash flow and investment sensitivity as well as examining the moderating role of financial constraint in the next hypothesis and also in firms that are expected to suffer more financial constraint, investment sensitivity is less than Free cash flow is not higher. Data were analyzed using linear and logistic regression statistical techniques with Eviews software. The results show that there is not only positive and significant relationship between free cash flow and investment sensitivity; The financial constraint also moderates the relationship between free cash flow and investment sensitivity, and in firms that are expected to suffer greater financial constraints, investment sensitivity is not lower than higher free cash flow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
696 - Identify the Importance of Validation of Idea and Timing in the Success of Startups with an Emphasis on Financial Resource and Investment Planning
فریبا فتحی وحید رضا میرابی جلال حقیقت منفردAbstract Startup is a novice company that offers a new solution to a problem; while there is no guarantee for the company's success through the solution provided, identifying the factors affecting the success of these emerging companies can be a guarantee of their succ MoreAbstract Startup is a novice company that offers a new solution to a problem; while there is no guarantee for the company's success through the solution provided, identifying the factors affecting the success of these emerging companies can be a guarantee of their success. The factors influencing the success of startups can be referred to as think-tanks and timing. Naturally, having the right idea and recognizing the time of entry and exit can play a decisive role in the success of the startup. So, given the role of ideology and timing for the success of startups, the present research seeks to identify the importance of Assessment ideas and timing for the success of startups. This research has been conducted within the framework of a qualitative approach and with the application of the research data method of the Foundation. Data gathering tools are semi-structured interviews. In order to collect information, using a targeted sampling method with 25 experts including university professors, APs (such as investors, coaches and Consultants), accelerators, successful startups, failed startup interviews. Data analysis was carried out in three stages: open coding, axial coding and selective coding, and a qualitative research model was designed. The results of this study indicate that the extraction of 91 codes or the initial concept of interviews, as well as the inventory of 20 concepts and 7 categories, are based on the paradigm model including Assessment ideas and timing as the axial and causative category, ICT as the underlying factors, Investment as intervening conditions, the business model and the primary product as a strategy and value creation as a consequence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
697 - Flaws in bank demand guarantees with emphasis on the uniform regulations of the International Chamber of Commerce
Musa Talebi Haider Hassanzadeh Sattar Zarklam Jalil MalikiAbstractThe autonomous principle with a special advantage granted to commercial documents, especially on-demand guarantees; It provides the means for immediate payment, in principle, regardless of the imperfections of the underlying contract, to obtain some kind of assu MoreAbstractThe autonomous principle with a special advantage granted to commercial documents, especially on-demand guarantees; It provides the means for immediate payment, in principle, regardless of the imperfections of the underlying contract, to obtain some kind of assurance in transactions. Exceptions to the autonomous principle include cases that relate in some way to the ineligibility of the beneficiary concerning the underlying contract, followed by the rule of law, a well-known example of which is a fraudulent demand. Some of the country's laws, and in particular the new draft of the Commercial Code, have recognized the use of guarantees, but the judicial procedure needs to be further developed to clarify the dimensions of the objections that can be cited in this regard. Defects that can be cited in The Uniform Rules of On-Demand Guarantees 758 is the main issue that seems to be able to be cited in the non-payment of the guarantee, according to other laws in this field, namely blatant abuse or fraud and article 19 implicitly refers to formal and substantive defects and these problems have been solved in a way, which has caused the functioning of the principle of independence in the international arena to face disorders, as a result of which the use of These rules has been followed for international trade. However, by analyzing these materials and complying with the domestic law of the country, the defects related to the autonomous principle and its exceptions can be eliminated by protecting the interests of the parties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
698 - Decomposition Crude Oil Price and its Impact on the Efficiency of Selected Stock Price Index with VECM
ویدا ورهرامی محمدجواد مرادعلیانAbstractDue to the widespread impact of oil price fluctuations on economic sectors of Iran, the reaction of investors who need to understand the exact impact of oil price changes on stock price index returns. Therefore, the purpose of this article, is to reviews the imp MoreAbstractDue to the widespread impact of oil price fluctuations on economic sectors of Iran, the reaction of investors who need to understand the exact impact of oil price changes on stock price index returns. Therefore, the purpose of this article, is to reviews the impact of fluctuations in crude oil prices as positive and negative on the stock prices index of the oil, gas and mining services group side except exploration, oil products and nuclear fuel ck, rubber and plastics. Results of this study showed that the positive price fluctuation on the stock index returns of all three groups is the most effective way to effect on equity index oil products group of nuclear fuel, extraction and ck the oil gas exploration and incidental services, except rubber and plastics used; while negative price fluctuations on the stock index of efficiency of oil, gas and mining services group, but affect the exploration side. With regard to the immediate reaction of the test yields a positive shock than to the stock index in the model, the result was that the dynamic response in all three groups to a positive shock is more than to negative stock. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
699 - Measuring the quality of customer relationship management for the development of digital marketing strategies in Shahr Bank
Mohammad Reza Javid Sina Nematizadeh Behrouz GhasemiAbstract With the transition from the traditional economy and increasing competition in new dimensions, the customer has become the main pillar and the center of all organizational activities. From a competitive perspective, the survival and continuity of organizations MoreAbstract With the transition from the traditional economy and increasing competition in new dimensions, the customer has become the main pillar and the center of all organizational activities. From a competitive perspective, the survival and continuity of organizations depend on identifying and attracting new customers and maintaining existing ones. Moreover, acquiring new customers costs five times more than retaining existing ones. This means that instead of differentiating products, organizations should identify their customers and shift their focus from increasing market share to increasing customer share. According to the 20/80 rule, 20% of customers contribute to 80% of the organization's sales. This indicates the necessity of maintaining long-term profitable relationships with customers to maximize profits. This research aims to measure the quality of customer relationship management for developing digital marketing strategies at Shahr Bank. The statistical population of this study included all experts and senior managers of Shahr's Bank headquarters and stakeholders. Using Cochran's formula, 125 individuals were selected as the statistical sample. Sampling was done as a random cluster. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the study showed that the infrastructure variables, organizational environment, customer orientation, human resources, relationship management, service quality, management and planning, strategic management, marketing, and performance in Shahr Bank are in a desirable state. The use of up-to-date technologies and the implementation of an appropriate organizational structure for managing customer relationships were identified as reasons for this desirability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
700 - Designing an investment policy model for competitiveness in the steel industry with a comprehensive interpretive-structural modeling approach
S. Mohsen Abbasian Hossini Mahmood Modiri Kiamars Fathi Hafshjani S. Mahboubeh JafariAbstract One of the factors that can affect the improvement of competitive advantage in the steel industry is the explanation of effective policies to accelerate the attraction of investment. This research has been done with a mixed approach of qualitative and quantita MoreAbstract One of the factors that can affect the improvement of competitive advantage in the steel industry is the explanation of effective policies to accelerate the attraction of investment. This research has been done with a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative part, the investment policy factors were extracted by content analysis method and selected by the expert panel of experts by fuzzy Delphi method. In the quantitative part, the model was formed with a comprehensive interpretive-structural modeling approach. Data were obtained in the qualitative part using semi-structured interviews and in the quantitative part through the pairwise comparison questionnaire. The research population consisted of experts including senior managers of the steel industry and 20 people were selected by purposive non-probabilistic sampling method and snowball technique. The results of the qualitative section showed that the factors of investment policy for competitiveness are in 14 categories, which based on the findings of comprehensive interpretive-structural modeling, the factors of "government rules and regulations", "establishment of standards in industry", "competitive strategy" "Industry", "industry financial structure", and "investment policy" can increase a higher level of competitive advantage for the steel industry, which highlights the importance of macro policies. On the other hand, investment policies for "knowledge management", "research and development", "marketing capabilities", and "risk management" are subject to macro-factors of investment policies that lead to competitive advantage. To be. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
701 - The Impact of Liquidity and Political Risks on the Fall in Stock Prices of Banks Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
سمیه ایمانی سینا خردیار کیهان آزادیThis research examines the effect of liquidity and political risks on the risk of falling stock prices of banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2009-2010. To measure the risk of falling stock prices of the company, the negative coefficient of daily MoreThis research examines the effect of liquidity and political risks on the risk of falling stock prices of banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2009-2010. To measure the risk of falling stock prices of the company, the negative coefficient of daily return was applied, and to measure political risk apply the International Risk Guidance Index (ICRG) and liquidity risk is measuring by, the net debt ratio of the central bank to total assets. The type of this research is categorize as the applied researches and the method is correlation and hypothesis testing. The research was conducted in the framework of inductive reasoning and panel analysis and multivariate regression model in Eviews software environment has been used to analyze the hypotheses. The findings of the present study showed that liquidity and political risks have a positive and significant effect on the risk of falling stock prices of banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
702 - Modeling the role of behavioral characteristics and financial literacy of real investors on financial management behavior in the Iranian stock market
روح اله قیصری اله کرم صالحی صغری قبادیThe financial management behavior of a real investor is influenced by his behavioral characteristics and financial knowledge, explains how a person reacts when faced with financial events and affects the life of the capital market by affecting his life.The purpose of th MoreThe financial management behavior of a real investor is influenced by his behavioral characteristics and financial knowledge, explains how a person reacts when faced with financial events and affects the life of the capital market by affecting his life.The purpose of this study is to design a model of the role of behavioral characteristics and financial literacy of real investors on the behavior of financial management in the Iranian stock market. The research design is qualitative with grounded theory. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 professors of accounting, business management and financial management in the country's universities and managers and senior experts of Tehran Stock Exchange using the "snowball" sampling method.The results indicate that the model of the role of behavioral characteristics and financial literacy of real investors on financial management behavior includes 18 dimensions as: casual conditions(1. personal beliefs, 2. personality traits, 3. behavioral characteristics, 4. financial literacy) , contextual conditions (5. Personal and social values, 6. Emotional factors, 7. Information and awareness, 8. Financial intelligence), Intervention conditions (9. Financial institutions, 10. Verbal communication, 11. Financial anxiety, 12 Behavioral biases), strategy (13. Risk management, 14. Investment decisions, 15. Financial literacy training) and outcome (16. Investment profitability, 17. Financial security, and 18. Investors' satisfaction).Investors' financial management behavior makes the process of their decisions in the stock market predictable, so applying the model of behavioral characteristics and financial literacy of real investors to understand the financial management behavior in the Iranian stock market, is very important and necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
703 - Investigating the Impact of Indicators Related to Supervision on Financing Mechanisms and Factors Affecting it
Masoume Alavi Ahmed Yaqubnejad Fazel MohammadiNodehAbstractOne of the important issues in the financing mechanisms and its selection is the issue of financial reporting that has been the focus of creditors and the capital market in recent years as the mainstream of financing. In this context, auditors, as an external co MoreAbstractOne of the important issues in the financing mechanisms and its selection is the issue of financial reporting that has been the focus of creditors and the capital market in recent years as the mainstream of financing. In this context, auditors, as an external corporate governance control and oversight mechanism, can play an important role in informing creditors and investors. Therefore, the present study investigates the impact of indicators related to supervision on financing mechanisms and factors affecting it. The statistical population of the study consists of 99 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2012-2018 . Multivariate regression models were used to test the research hypotheses. , The findings of the study show that some variables of audit firm characteristics such as life, competitiveness, independence, number of partners, rank in the CAO, size and tenure of the firm , have significant effects on financing Debt, issuance of ordinary shares, over-leverage, risk and weighted average cost of capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
704 - Factors affecting exchange costs in the country's stone industry
Ali Haidar KaramiAlam Bijan SafavidAbstractThe main purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the factors affecting the exchange cost of the stone sector. For this purpose, while examining the literature, the factors affecting the exchange cost of the stone sector in Iran were calculated and t MoreAbstractThe main purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the factors affecting the exchange cost of the stone sector. For this purpose, while examining the literature, the factors affecting the exchange cost of the stone sector in Iran were calculated and then, using the Delphi method, the impact of the calculated factors was investigated. The members of the Delphi panel included 11 activists and experts active in the private and public sectors who had sufficient expertise and experience in the field of stone. In the first stage, 13 items from the experimental literature were provided to the panel members within the framework of the designed questionnaire, and the analysis of the results of the questionnaires in this stage emphasizes removing one of the existing factors and adding 4 new factors to the questionnaire. In this study, Kendall coefficient criterion has been used as an indicator to examine the consensus in the questionnaires and based on this criterion, to achieve the result, three stages of questionnaire distribution and survey of panel members have been done. The research results emphasize the impact of institutional factors on the cost of exchanging stone in the country. Also, according to the elites of the rule of law and the implementation of contracts, barriers to entry of foreign investors and the size of the government are the most important factors affecting the cost of exchanging stone in the country, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
705 - Investigating the effects of investment banks index on Iran Stock Exchange price index
Abbas Papizadeh Palangan Nemat Falihi Shahriar NesabianAbstractAn investor bank is a financial organization that acts as an intermediary between the securities issuing company and the purchasing community. And since most companies are financed through the issuance of securities and this method has a significant contribution MoreAbstractAn investor bank is a financial organization that acts as an intermediary between the securities issuing company and the purchasing community. And since most companies are financed through the issuance of securities and this method has a significant contribution to the development of the country's financing system, the role of investment banks in the securities issuance process is very important. The main purpose of this article; Identifying the indicators of investment banks in the public and private sectors is based on the stock price index. The scope of the research is between 1390 and 1400, to collect statistical information from primary market, secondary market and financing data (Omid Capital, Amin Capital, Maskan Bank Capital, Mellat Bank Capital, Tamadon Capital, Sepehr Capital, Kardan Capital Financing, Lotus Parsian Capital Financing, Novin Capital Financing) have been used as effective indicators of investment banks and the short-term investment rate of investment banks and the stock price index. The method of analysis of this research is self-regression econometric model (panel). Using Fisher's exact test and Johansen co-integration test, static and long-run relationships of variables were examined. There is a level of 0.95 between the variables; Then, using shock analysis and analysis of variance, it was shown that among the effective indicators of investment banks (initial public offering) in public and private banks, the most impact is on the stock price index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
706 - Investigating the Mechanism of Fluctuation Exchange Rate, Oil Price and Economic Growth on the Tehran Securities Exchange
ناصر سیف اللهی حامد سیف اللهی انارThe overall stock market index of listed companies is one of the important criteria in assessing macroeconomics. Among the factors affecting the stock price index are the exchange rate, oil prices and economic growth. In this study, the effect of exchange rate fluctuati MoreThe overall stock market index of listed companies is one of the important criteria in assessing macroeconomics. Among the factors affecting the stock price index are the exchange rate, oil prices and economic growth. In this study, the effect of exchange rate fluctuations, crude oil price and economic growth rate on the total index of Tehran Stock Exchange, during the period of 2009-2018 using monthly data has been studied. Then, to calculate exchange rate fluctuations, oil prices and economic growth, the regression method of conditional variance variance was used and then it was estimated through the generalized model torque model. The results of the model estimate showed that the fluctuations of the total index of Tehran Stock Exchange are affected by exchange rate fluctuations, crude price and economic growth, and among them the total index of a previous period and the exchange rate have a greater impact on the overall stock market index. Leaves securities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
707 - The Relationship between Smart Business and Integrated Reporting and Its Impact on the Financial Performance of Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
حسین احتشام مهر یحیی کامیابی مهدی خلیل پورThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between smart business and integrated reporting and its impact on firm performance. After introducing integrated reporting as the latest development of corporate reporting, 65 companies have been selected in MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between smart business and integrated reporting and its impact on firm performance. After introducing integrated reporting as the latest development of corporate reporting, 65 companies have been selected in the period of 1398. To measure integrated reporting from content analysis method; Smart Business has used the standard questionnaire of Provich et al. (2012) and financial performance from the rate of return on assets. Multivariate regression method (generalized least squares) was used to test the research hypotheses. The research findings show that on average, companies provided 37.6% of integrated reporting. There is also a significant relationship between smart business and integrated reporting and this relationship affects the performance of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
708 - Investigating the asymmetric effects of high-frequency transactions on the returns of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (using the MS-EGARCH model)
Alireza Zafarpour Ahmed Sarlak Gholam Ali HajiAbstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the asymmetric evaluation of the high-frequency valuation of the company listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange using the MS-EGARCH model. For this purpose, the 5-minute data of Tehran Stock Exchange was used in the MoreAbstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the asymmetric evaluation of the high-frequency valuation of the company listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange using the MS-EGARCH model. For this purpose, the 5-minute data of Tehran Stock Exchange was used in the period of 2021-2022. Based on the results of the research, it was determined that the variable trend of stock exchange returns in non-linear mode (separation of period length into high and low regimes) is preferable to linear mode, and when the volatility of stock trading is small, the average return of the stock market changes, but the variance of the return changes. The stock market has no significant effect. Also, the results show the asymmetric effects of the effect of stock trading on the changes in stock exchange returns in the boom regime, and the fluctuations of stock trading in the average and high variance regime, in the state of increasing and decreasing stock trading, will have a different effect on the changes in stock exchange returns, and generally its positive effect It is smaller than its negative effects. As a result, it is suggested that the policy makers in the implementation of policies related to the capital market should be proportional to the regime in which the capital market is located, different policies and even if the policies are the same, the intensity of their implementation should be proportional to the characteristics of that regime in each regime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
709 - Identification of the damages and strategies required for the life cycle management model for the development of banking services (Case Study: Parsian Bank)
Samira Shafaei Yamchelou Esmaeel Hasanpoor Mohammadhosein RanjbarAbstract Today, Diverse and ever-changing factors have led banks to devote special efforts and attention to identifying customer needs and offering services that are compatible with their requirements. These challenges have led banks to identify various aspects of the MoreAbstract Today, Diverse and ever-changing factors have led banks to devote special efforts and attention to identifying customer needs and offering services that are compatible with their requirements. These challenges have led banks to identify various aspects of the product life cycle. In this study, by presenting the Product Lifecycle Management Model, the damages and strategies required to develop banking services at Parsian Bank were identified. In order to identify in this study, the main and sub-themes related to damages and strategies in the life cycle of banking products, the methodology of thematic analysis was used, which was applied for data collection, library study and survey methods as follows: Initially, thematic literature on the life cycle model of products and services was collected through library study, and after identifying the definitions of the life cycle, the main and secondary topics of the life cycle were identified using tools for interviewing managers and officials of reputable branches of Parsian Bank in Tehran. The results were then classified into four stages of introduction, growth, maturity and decline, and the research results led to the identification of damages in four stages of introduction (2 themes), growth (3 themes), maturity (3 themes) and decline (4 themes).) And the required life cycle strategies were introduced in four stages: Introduction (2 themes), growth (2 themes), maturity (2 themes) and of decline banking products (2 themes). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
710 - Investigating the Nonlinear Impact of Financial Development Index on the Development of the Industrial Sector in Islamic Countries Gentle Panel Transition Regression (PSTR)
محمد باقری احمد نقی لو محمد دالمن پورThe present paper is one of the newest models of econometric approaches called PSTR model in order to investigate the effect of nonlinear effect of financial development indicators on industrial sector growth in order to try to find an answer to solve the problem and pr MoreThe present paper is one of the newest models of econometric approaches called PSTR model in order to investigate the effect of nonlinear effect of financial development indicators on industrial sector growth in order to try to find an answer to solve the problem and practical problem of non-linear effect of financial development indicators on industrial sector growth. The member countries of the Islamic Conference have been used to explain during the period 2005-2019. The findings indicate that there is a nonlinear relationship between the variables under study. Based on the obtained results, the threshold for the member countries of the Islamic Conference of the slope parameter, which indicates the speed of adjustment from one regime to another, is equal to 21.0188 and the place of regime change is estimated to be 10.586. The results obtained by the PSTR model indicate that the financial development index (ratio of banks' domestic credits to GDP) in both regimes has had a different effect on the increased growth of the industrial sector. Of course, by crossing the threshold and entering the second regime, the intensity of the negative impact of financial development on the increased growth of the industrial sector disappears and becomes positive. Clearly, this result indicates an asymmetric relationship between the financial development index and the increased growth of the industrial sector at different levels of the financial development index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
711 - The Impact of Ethical Leadership on Empowerment: A Study of the Modifying Roles of Emotional Exhaustion and Perceived Flexibility (Case Study: Presidential Administration of the Islamic Republic of Iran)
Saeed Askari Masole Hossein MombeiniAbstract This study examines the role of ethical leadership in employee empowerment. In today's world scenario, understanding the impact of flexibility and emotional Exhaustion is essential to building the concept of empowerment. therefore, the present study examines p MoreAbstract This study examines the role of ethical leadership in employee empowerment. In today's world scenario, understanding the impact of flexibility and emotional Exhaustion is essential to building the concept of empowerment. therefore, the present study examines perceived flexibility and emotional Exhaustion as possible modifiers on the relationship between ethical leadership and employee empowerment. This research is a descriptive and survey type. a 30-item questionnaire was designed and distributed in 2021 to collect data and measure variables in order to evaluate the research model. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated to be higher than 0.7 using Cronbach's alpha method for each part and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by structural validity analysis. The authors, while reviewing the theoretical foundations of the members of the statistical sample, selected them by random sampling method from among the managers of the presidential Administration of Iran in Tehran. Confirmatory factor analysis and regression analysis were performed using Smart PLS software to test the research hypotheses and examine the differences between the structures in the research. Findings showed that ethical leadership has a significant effect on psychological and structural empowerment. Also, the moderating effects of Emotional Exhaustion and Perceived Flexibility on the relationship between ethical leadership and empowerment was significant and the research hypotheses were all confirmed. Given the special characteristics of the Presidential Administration and their emphasis on ethics in order to achieve organizational perfection, the results of this study can be used by other governmental institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
712 - The effect of restorative justice in reducing the cost of litigation in legal systems
Hashem Farhadi Ahmad ShamsAbstractToday, the cost of litigation is considered one of the serious obstacles to fair legal proceedings, and in some cases, it has prevented people from accessing civil justice. The annual increase in court costs has made natural and legal persons less able to financ MoreAbstractToday, the cost of litigation is considered one of the serious obstacles to fair legal proceedings, and in some cases, it has prevented people from accessing civil justice. The annual increase in court costs has made natural and legal persons less able to financially file lawsuits and exercise their rights traditionally by referring to the judiciary and litigation. This is one of the major challenges for governments in achieving economic, social and civil justice. Because on the one hand, the government is facing an increase in the costs of hardware and software costs such as providing physical space and manpower for the judiciary. On the other hand, increasing lawsuits and the number of lawsuits need to resolve disputes through compromise and arbitration by Out-of-court institutions with a restorative justice approach are inevitable. In our country, Iran, the Dispute Resolution Council as a quasi-judicial institution with a conciliatory approach has played an effective role in reducing the cost of litigation through a fair trial with a restorative justice approach. The present article in three speeches on the impact of restorative justice process and out-of-court institutions in reducing the trial costs are paid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
713 - Representing a Pattern of Financial Empowerment Based on Financial Therapy Approaches
مصطفی ملکی سینا خردیار محمدرضا وطن پرستAbstractThe aim of this study is to provide a pattern of financial empowerment based on financial-therapy approaches in a qualitative and quantitative manner (grounded theory) using the Corbin and Strauss method. The statistical population included professors and expert MoreAbstractThe aim of this study is to provide a pattern of financial empowerment based on financial-therapy approaches in a qualitative and quantitative manner (grounded theory) using the Corbin and Strauss method. The statistical population included professors and experts in the fields of accounting, economics, management and psychology, and the number of samples in the qualitative stage was 30 people and in the quantitative stage 360 people were randomly selected based on Cochran's formula. According to factor analysis on 97 concepts, 32 categories were identified as the main categories and then reduced to 7 factors, which were categorized according to the literature and these 7 factors were able to explain approximately 93% of the variability (variance) of variables: financial data mining, moneygram, mental accounting, financial counseling techniques, genogram, nudge theory, narrative model, experimental model, cognitive behavior model, financial collage, stimulating change, financial targeting, powerful beliefs, correcting previous self-image, financial anxiety, source of external control, stress and financial pressure, post-traumatic stress disorder, risk factors (unemployment, etc.), physiological response to financial problems, importance for financial therapist, feeling of need in customers, supportive organizations, economic structure, cultural background, monetary disorders, belief and teaching about money, reducing anxiety and stress, risk tolerance, financial discipline, knowledge and financial self-efficacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
714 - Dynamic spillover between foreign exchange and stock markets in the business cycles of Iranian economy
Mehdi Mozafarnia Mir Faiz Fallah Shams Lialestani Gholamreza ZamardianAbstract The increasing integration of financial markets and recent financial crises has created a new wave of researchers' attention to the issue of spillover and contagion in financial markets, to be able to better choose risk hedging instruments whit predicting mark MoreAbstract The increasing integration of financial markets and recent financial crises has created a new wave of researchers' attention to the issue of spillover and contagion in financial markets, to be able to better choose risk hedging instruments whit predicting market trends. Policymakers and market participants are also increasingly paying attention to the spillover effects and how they behave during different periods of economic boom and busts. Therefore, the present study aims to estimate the spillover effects between foreign exchange and stock markets in the Iranian economy and seeks to study how the spillover between these two markets behaves in the business cycles of the Iranian economy. For this purpose, by studying the daily data of 1389-1399 in which the Iranian economy is facing two periods of economic boom and two periods of economic recession, the daily spillover of foreign exchange and stock markets has been estimated and analyzed based on dynamic spillover econometric approach of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012). According to the results, in general, the spillover effect between two markets exists, but the spillover rate from the foreign exchange market to the stock market is higher than the spillover from the stock market to the foreign exchange market. Also, the spillover and, of course, the dependence of the two markets during the recession was time-varying and is more severe than during the boom. These results have important implications for policymakers and market participants and show that it is necessary to consider the relationship between the foreign exchange market and stock market according to the state of the business cycle of the economy in investment policies and decisions. Also, it is not optimal to adopt a fixed and predetermined approach, both for macro policies and for investment strategies, in these markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
715 - Optimal inflation rate measurement for minimizing economic inequality: The dynamic stochastic general equilibrium approach
Alireza Azizi Hashem Zare Abbas Aminifard Jalil Khodaparast ShiraziAbstractFair distribution of income in countries is one of the development indicators of each country. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate policies for its improvement in order to identify the effect of effective factors on it. In this study, the importance MoreAbstractFair distribution of income in countries is one of the development indicators of each country. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate policies for its improvement in order to identify the effect of effective factors on it. In this study, the importance of determining the optimal inflation rate with the aim of minimizing income inequality by using the randomized dynamic equilibrium method in Iran between 1997 and 2020 is discussed. The results of the research indicate that the inflation rate is optimized to be 3.74 percent, so that the increase or decrease of inflation of this amount will increase income inequality. Therefore, the government should target its inflation rate with the aim of attaining the minimum inequality, so that the probability of fluctuations (increase or decrease) in inequality will exist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
716 - Provide a brand affiliation model based on brand experience with customers of shopping malls and malls
Hamed Asl Roosta Abdollah Naami Abdolhamid Hajipoor Ahmad SardariAbstractToday, the concept of "brand dependence" in the marketing literature has been introduced to predict the desired changes in after-consumption behaviors of customers that strongly affect the behavior and intention to repurchase the brand. Brand experience, on the MoreAbstractToday, the concept of "brand dependence" in the marketing literature has been introduced to predict the desired changes in after-consumption behaviors of customers that strongly affect the behavior and intention to repurchase the brand. Brand experience, on the other hand, is a type of empirical marketing that involves a set of conditions that a company creates in order to influence customer sentiment toward a particular product or company name. Brand experience is the basis for predicting consumer behavior that has a positive effect on consumer satisfaction and consumer loyalty. Given that shopping malls and malls today have grown almost in large cities, this issue has become very important to create a pleasant brand experience and brand dependence in these malls. The present study seeks a conceptual model to explain the concept of customer experience management of brand dependence with a fundamental approach and the researcher has used a mixed approach. In this way, in the qualitative part of the data theory strategy and including open, axial, selective coding in order to achieve the research model model and in a quantitative part of the descriptive survey method and to test their proposed model of PLS software Has used that the research results are presented in the form of an approved and fitted model, including 6 main dimensions and 32 sub dimensations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
717 - A Grounded Theory Exploration of Pattern of Home-Buying in Luxury Residential Area of Tehran in The Residential Sector of Construction Industry
ali asghar velayati Kambyz Heydarzadeh Mohammad Ali AbdulvandAbstract This research has been used to get to know the pattern of housing purchase and through qualitative research with a contextual study approach to achieve the goal of the research. Sampling in the study was done by snowball method and data collection reached satu MoreAbstract This research has been used to get to know the pattern of housing purchase and through qualitative research with a contextual study approach to achieve the goal of the research. Sampling in the study was done by snowball method and data collection reached saturation by conducting 14 interviews. In order to collect information, buyers looking for a house, consumers living less than 6 months, builders and investors, and architects and designers were interviewed. The results showed that the pattern of purchasing luxury housing from the point of view of investors and builders includes 11 categories (determining the construction site, construction process, investment return, business partners, construction cost, obtaining municipal permit, construction time, economic period of construction and instrument, effective factors in persuasion to buy, characteristics of buyers, buying and selling process in the region); Architects and designers, 4 categories (expectations of the buyer, architect's design style, characteristics of construction in the region, factors influencing purchase); Consumers living less than 6 months, 3 categories (satisfaction with construction, making changes in the house, buyer's expectations); Buyers looking for a house have 4 categories (buyer expectations, buying time, how to choose a house, making changes to the house). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
718 - Effect of Domestic Investment and doing business index on foreign direct investment in selected country
Negar Jafari Fesharaki Abbas Memarnejad seyed shamseddin hosseini kambiz hojabr kianiAbstract Investment is one of the main component of aggregate demand in economy which plays a crucial role in the economic fluctuations and economic growth of each country So economist and policymakers focused on interpret of Investment behavior. One of the most MoreAbstract Investment is one of the main component of aggregate demand in economy which plays a crucial role in the economic fluctuations and economic growth of each country So economist and policymakers focused on interpret of Investment behavior. One of the most important factors in the decision to invest in both domestic and foreign investment is the existence of a secure environment. in other words, the most important factors is the proper investment environment and what has been interpreted as the ease of doing business. In such a way that improving the ranking of countries in business environment indicators is one of the prerequisites for attracting domestic and foreign capital and as a result investment. The main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of indicators of ease of doing business and domestic investment on foreign direct investment in selected countries. For this purpose, based on the division of the World Bank, four groups of countries are considered by their income level, including low-income countries, lower middle-income countries, upper middle-income countries and high-income countries, and the effect of domestic investment and indicators of ease of doing business have been evaluated using a Panel data model. The result shows that the level of development of countries and their income influences the magnitude and effect of domestic private investment and indicators ease of doing business on FDI. In a low-income, lower middle income and high-income countries, the effect of investment on foreign direct investment is positive, and in the upper middle countries, this has a negative effect. Meanwhile, the effect of each indicator of ease of doing business on foreign investment varies depending on the income level of countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
719 - Investigating of Factors Affecting on Life Insurance Demand in Iran with Emphasis on Organizational Internal and External Quantitative Factors
سید محمد مهدی احمدی الهام غلامی احسان تفاخرThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate factors affecting the life insurance demand of insurance companies in Iran. In this regard, eight factors include four intra-organizational quantitative factors (number of branches and agents, financial enrichment, averag MoreThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate factors affecting the life insurance demand of insurance companies in Iran. In this regard, eight factors include four intra-organizational quantitative factors (number of branches and agents, financial enrichment, average premium rate and payback loss), and four external factors (GDP, average interest rate, inflation rate, and stock market returns) Has been identified and investigated their effect on the insurance demand of insurance companies using multivariate regression model. This regression model was estimated using the data of 20 insurance companies during the year’s 2010 to 2016 using panel data with constant effects. The results of the model estimation indicate that among of internal organization factors, all factors, except the number of branches and agents, have a significant effect on the life insurance demands of insurance companies, so that the payback loss and financial empowerment have a positive and average premium rate has a negative effect on life insurance demand of insurance companies. In addition, all of the external organization quantitative factors have a significant effect on the life insurance demand of companies, so that GDP has a positive effect and interest rate, inflation rate and stock return rate have a negative effect on the life insurance demand of insurance companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
720 - The Effect of Cryptocurrency on Stock Market Using Meta-Analysis Method
Seyed Keivan Khatami Mohammad Khodaei Valahzaghard Seyed Mohammad Abdollahi KeivaniAbstract The present study aims to systematically review the effect of cryptocurrencies on stock market using meta-analysis. In this regard, the researcher evaluated the studies conducted during 2011-2020. The results of the present study, which were conducted using me MoreAbstract The present study aims to systematically review the effect of cryptocurrencies on stock market using meta-analysis. In this regard, the researcher evaluated the studies conducted during 2011-2020. The results of the present study, which were conducted using meta-analysis method and statistically combined the results of studies on the effect of cryptocurrencies on the stock market, indicated that the discovered effect size is significant for most studies. Since the measurement error of the homogeneity test is less than 0.05, the studies are homogeneous and confirm the fixed effects model. In addition, the effect size of the fixed effects model was evaluated based on Rosenthal table. The measurement error of the fixed effects model was less than 0.05, confirming the research hypothesis. Therefore, cryptocurrencies affect the stock market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
721 - The power and overconfidence of managers and fraudulent reporting
حامی فلاح حمیدی خسرو فغانی ماکرانی علی ذبیحیThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between strength and overconfidence of managers and fraudulent reporting in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Research in terms of applied purpose and research method is descriptive-accounting reg MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between strength and overconfidence of managers and fraudulent reporting in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Research in terms of applied purpose and research method is descriptive-accounting regression and based on real information in companies' financial statements. In this study, the power of the manager was identified using the criteria of board independence, dual duties of the CEO and tenure and overconfidence using the two criteria of investment costs and over-investment. Multivariate regression was used to test the hypotheses. The study sample is 122 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange for the periods 1394 to 1398, which were tested using the integrated data method. However, a significant relationship was observed between managers' overconfidence and fraudulent reporting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
722 - Dynamic Prediction of Financial Distress: A Case Study
Hamid Rahimi Mehrzad Minooei mohammad reza fathiAbstract Considering the current economic conditions of the country, the number of helpless companies and the importance of financial helplessness are increasing day by day. The increase in economic factors affecting financial helplessness has also increased the comple MoreAbstract Considering the current economic conditions of the country, the number of helpless companies and the importance of financial helplessness are increasing day by day. The increase in economic factors affecting financial helplessness has also increased the complexity of investment decisions for these companies. For this purpose, the approach presented in this research, taking into account various financial criteria, provides the possibility of dynamic forecasting of Financial Distress for these decision makers. makes The approach introduced in this research is first by clustering the companies in the proportional cluster of financially helpless and non-helpless with the help of artificial neural network method, self-organizing mapping (SOM) and then by using the data envelopment analysis method based on the worst performance (WPF-DEA). A dynamic forecast of the financial helplessness of the companies admitted to the Tehran Bahadur Stock Exchange was carried out. Using the mentioned method, 105 companies were evaluated and the result of the inefficiency of these companies was predicted during 5 time periods from 2015 to 2019. The dynamic data coverage analysis model based on the worst performance has the ability to evaluate the inefficiency of the examined units, including companies that are members of the Stock Exchange and Securities Organization. Data envelopment analysis has been able to successfully identify the financial helplessness of companies as inefficient decision units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
723 - The effect of value of small-volume transactions on the TEDPIX of Iran
Reza Fallah-Moghaddam Saman Babaie-KafakiAbstract The value of small-vlume transactions stock (shares + preemptive rights + shares ETF) is obtained by deducting the value of block transactions from the value of total transactions in the Iranian Stock Exchange. This research includes two main parts. Considerin MoreAbstract The value of small-vlume transactions stock (shares + preemptive rights + shares ETF) is obtained by deducting the value of block transactions from the value of total transactions in the Iranian Stock Exchange. This research includes two main parts. Considering the importance of the Black-Scholes price model in financial mathematics, using deep mathematical tools such as nonlinear analysis, stochastic analysis, Ito's lemma and the Radon-Nikodym derivative, a theoretical mathematical result was obtained regarding the Black-Scholes price model. we found Theorem 1 in chapter (4) is actually a deep theoretical mathematical relationship for predicting the price in the future. Also, the results of this theorem were used to investigate the trend of the value of small stock transactions in the Iranian stock market in the future time frames. The second topic we discuss in this article is to investigate the impact of changes in the value of small-vlume transactions stock on Tedpix of the Iranian stock market, using modeling and mathematical tools, including the Black-Scholes model, financial technical analysis tools, statistical methods and the Hurst test. Usually, mathematical and computational tools use stock price data to predict the trend of financial markets. Also, the number of traded shares of a stock company can be an indicator to identify the entry point for buying or the exit point for selling. Considering the extreme price fluctuations in the last few years in the Iranian stock market and the difficulty of setting a ceiling for the price, as well as the existence of processes such as capital increases in company assemblies that change the total number of tradable shares of a company, the importance of using data on the value of small stock transactions It is revealed as a combination of price and number of shares data. In this study, in a period of about seventeen months (in which the most severe fluctuations in the history of the Iranian Stock Exchange occurred), weekly information on the average value small-volume transactions has been examined. The results of this research confirm that with the increase or decrease of the total index of the Iranian stock market, we see a similar trend in the value small-volume transactions. We also showed that the value of small stock trades is trending by using the Hurst test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
724 - Interpretive structural modeling of brand performance with an approach to improve financial performance in industrial markets with a focus on the petrochemical industry
Shahram Eshragh Narges Del Afroz Kambiz Shahroodi Yalda RahmatiAbstract Purpose: Today, heavy competition in the petrochemical industry among countries requires that attention to the brand issue be given priority, especially companies related to the petrochemical industry in Iran due to the sanctions issues, can move by creating a MoreAbstract Purpose: Today, heavy competition in the petrochemical industry among countries requires that attention to the brand issue be given priority, especially companies related to the petrochemical industry in Iran due to the sanctions issues, can move by creating a strong industrial brand to protect their customers. In the present research, the design of the brand performance model in the petrochemical industry was discussed. Method: The research was conducted in a mixed method. The statistical population of the research included sales and marketing experts of 7 petrochemical companies, and 7 experts from these companies and 238 sales and marketing experts were considered as members of the statistical sample. By conducting interviews with brand experts in the petrochemical industry, as well as library studies, concepts and basic components of brand performance were identified. Among the 28 components identified from library studies, 11 components were identified in the expert analysis as components of the brand performance model, which were the basis of the analysis. Findings: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that among the 11 components mentioned, only 7 components significantly explain the performance of the brand. These 7 components are: sales efficiency, innovation in response, modeling, brand-oriented organizational capital, organizational competitive strategies, product quality, production and sales volume. Also, the results showed that the performance of the brand in the petrochemical industry is not in a favorable state in terms of innovation in customer response and production and sales volume. Conclusion: One of the consequences of improving the performance of the brand in this industry, according to the research model, can be mentioned the improvement of the quality level of the products, meeting the market expectations, increasing the commitment and loyalty of customers, favorable financial performance and the development and prosperity of the industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
725 - The economic situation of Kurdistan during the First World War (Grain hoarding and crisis)
Kihan Moshir Panahi Mohammad Sheikh Ahmadi Osman Yousefi Mohammad Gurban KianiAbstract With the start of the First World War and the entry of the Ottomans into the battlefield, the scope of the war was also extended to Kurdistan. The presence of the armies of the warring governments in Kurdistan, the personal interests of the local rulers by hoa MoreAbstract With the start of the First World War and the entry of the Ottomans into the battlefield, the scope of the war was also extended to Kurdistan. The presence of the armies of the warring governments in Kurdistan, the personal interests of the local rulers by hoarding grains caused a grain the crisis in Kurdistan and social consequences such as poverty, hunger, corruption, prostitution, in the migration of people from cities and the destruction of villages followed. Research method/approach: The current research is based on historical sources, such as books, documents and press, using a descriptive-analytical approach. Objective: To investigate the grain hoarding and crisis in Kurdistan, the activities and performance of local rulers in the First World War. Findings and conclusions: The presence of the forces involved in the First World War in Kurdistan has disturbed the economic order of the region, the provision of food for these forces from local products, the decrease in the essential food of the people, as well as the hoarding of grains by the owners, the negative and inappropriate performance of the local rulers, and in addition to the problems and the many problems caused by the military forces involved in the war in the Kurdistan region due to their own benefit and the survival of their power have become a factor for increasing the economic and social damage of the region and finally led to hoarding and grain crisis in Kurdistan and caused poverty, hunger, famine and other unfortunate repercussions in Kurdistan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
726 - Uncertainty of government expenditure policy and economic activity in Iran
Mohammad Sadiq Jaji Mulla Mirzai Mahmoud Mahmoudzadeh Saleh Qavidel Mehdi FathabadiAbstract The present study examines the quantitative effects of uncertainty regarding government expenditure policy (current and construction expenditures) on Iran's economic activity. Uncertainty is a situation where future events or their probability of occurrence ar MoreAbstract The present study examines the quantitative effects of uncertainty regarding government expenditure policy (current and construction expenditures) on Iran's economic activity. Uncertainty is a situation where future events or their probability of occurrence are not predicted. In the real world, the economy is full of uncertainty of economic factors, which leads to risk and danger in the decision-making space of economic factors and affects their behavior. In this article, we intend to use the structural vector autoregression model (SVAR), which are known as impulse models; Uncertainty effects created by the government's current expenditures and construction expenditures and other effective indicators such as; Measure the impact of oil prices and financial crises on economic activities such as production and employment. The data of the study was collected from the Central Bank website and the model was estimated using Eviuse software for the years 1365-1399. The findings showed that an impulse from the oil price area causes a 5% increase in production and a 1% increase in employment, also an impulse from the financial crisis area causes a 3% decrease in production and a 12% decrease in employment, respectively. The impulse from the area of uncertainty of current and construction expenses, causes a decrease in order; 12 percent is produced and 7 and 5 percent is employed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
727 - Estimation of Evapotranspiration of Rangeland Cover Using SEBAL Algorithm in Robat Mahidasht Region, Kermanshah, Iran
Homaion Hesadi Abdoulkarim Behnia Ali Mohammd Akhoond-Ali Seyed Mahmoud Kashefi Pour Peyman Daneshkar Arasteh Ali Reza Karimi -
Open Access Article
728 - Application of Different Methods of Decision Tree Algorithm for Mapping Rangeland Using Satellite Imagery (Case Study: Doviraj Catchment in Ilam Province)
Marzban Faramarzi Hassan Fathizad Nasibe Pakbaz Behzad Golmohamadi -
Open Access Article
729 - Using Post-Classification Enhancement in Improving the Classification of Land Use/Cover of Arid Region (A Case Study in Pishkouh Watershed, Center of Iran)
Jalal Barkhordari Trahel Vardanian -
Open Access Article
730 - Bank branches performance evaluation with DEA and cooperative game theory approach
Mahdieh Akhbari Marzieh Mozafari Zahra AbodollahiClassical data envelopment analysis models calculate the performance of decision-making units based on a common performance boundary and make no distinction between efficient units. In this study, the method of super-efficiency and cross-efficiency is used to rank the e MoreClassical data envelopment analysis models calculate the performance of decision-making units based on a common performance boundary and make no distinction between efficient units. In this study, the method of super-efficiency and cross-efficiency is used to rank the efficient branches of banks before the cooperation phase. Then, in the cooperation phase, each efficient branch is considered as a player and the subdivisions of the efficient branches are considered as a coalition, and the problem is examined using the method of cooperative game theory and Shaply value. In this study, the efficiency change variable shows the impact of each efficient branch in different alliances. From the total variable of efficiency change of efficient branches in each coalition, a characteristic function called profit from the coalition is introduced. The value of this characteristic function is determined for all possible alliances and Shaply value is introduced as the solution of this cooperative game and the ranking of efficient branches is presented in terms of cooperation. The resulting model is implemented on a case study and the ranks of efficient branches are compared in the super efficiency method and cross-efficiency (before cooperation) and Shaply value method (after cooperation). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
731 - Investigating the Effect of Accounting Comparability on Financial Reporting Quality and Tax Avoidance
Alireza Rahimi Ali KianiAbstract This study investigated the effect of accounting comparability on financial reporting quality and tax avoidance. Accounting comparability improves information environment. Increased financial reporting transparency caused by increased accounting comparability MoreAbstract This study investigated the effect of accounting comparability on financial reporting quality and tax avoidance. Accounting comparability improves information environment. Increased financial reporting transparency caused by increased accounting comparability provides users a better understanding of the information content of financial reports, furthermore it reduces the opportunistic behaviour of managers. Meanwhile in reporting financial information for tax purposes transparent and comparable information plays an important role in in tax decisions.In this study by focusing on on an important aspect of financial reporting environment, that is accounting comparability, we are supposed to investigate the effects it could have on financial reporting quality and tax avoidance. To do so we have sampled out 110 companies listed with stock exchange. We have used multiple linear regression models to test the hypotheses. Our findings are indicative of positive relation between accounting comparability and financial reporting. the financial statement comparability as a governance mechanism prevents managers opportunistic behaviors including tax avoidance. quality as well as negative relation between accounting comparability and tax avoidance which are both in accordance with the hypotheses. based on the results of this study, when the quality of financial reporting, high and lower tax avoidance and tax avoidance, the capacity of accounting comparison improves the ability of users to identify similarities and differences between economic phenomena. As a result, consumers choose the best financial information that makes decisions more effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
732 - Fault diagnosis in a distillation column using a support vector machine based classifier
ebrahim mirakhorli -
Open Access Article
733 - A Machine Learning Approach to Detect Energy Fraud in Smart Distribution Network
Mahdi Emadaleslami Mahmoud-Reza Haghifam -
Open Access Article
734 - Comparison of Local Kernel and Covariance Matrix Descriptors for Spatial-Spectral Classification of Hyperspectral Images
Behnam Asghari Beirami Mehdi Mokhtarzade -
Open Access Article
735 - Quality classification of tomato plant in field conditions using EfficientNet deep learning model
Mounes Astani Mohammad Hasheminejad Mahsa VaghefiThe appropriateness of the agricultural economy is very effective in sustainable food security. The appearance and shape of agricultural products change in different periods. The correct classification of the product in terms of quality after harvest affects the economy MoreThe appropriateness of the agricultural economy is very effective in sustainable food security. The appearance and shape of agricultural products change in different periods. The correct classification of the product in terms of quality after harvest affects the economy of farmers. Today, deep learning classifiers have greatly contributed to the correct classification of product quality. But the database challenges and the same conditions of the database in the training and testing phase affect the classification accuracy. The purpose of this article is to classify the quality of tomatoes in the challenging conditions of the database, including crowded backgrounds, noise in the image, leaves of the same color as the fruit in the image, and the similarity of growth stages. For this purpose, 3 databases with different challenges have been used in the stage of classification training and testing. In this article, the aim is to classify the quality of tomatoes into 3 classes ripe, unripe ,and semi-ripe using Efficientnet deep learning classifier. According to the conditions of the database, the first three processes of noise removal, image contrast improvement ,and image segmentation have been applied to the images. The results of the evaluation of the proposed method show the proper performance of EfficientnetB5. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
736 - Efficient Data Mining with Evolutionary Algorithms for Cloud Computing Application
Hamid Malmir Fardad Farokhi Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan -
Open Access Article
737 - Determining Effective Features for Face Detection Using a Hybrid Feature Approach
Sepideh Araban Fardad Farokhi Kaveh Kangarloo -
Open Access Article
738 - Predicting the Next State of Traffic by Data Mining Classification Techniques
S.Mehdi Hashemi Mehrdad Almasi Roozbeh Ebrazi Mohsen Jahanshahi -
Open Access Article
739 - Effective Feature Selection for Pre-Cancerous Cervix Lesions Using Artificial Neural Networks
Farnaz Rouhbakhsh Fardad Farokhi Kaveh Kangarloo -
Open Access Article
740 - The comparative study of the accuracy of prediction of Support Vector Machine, Bayesian Network and C5 models in prediction underpricing for listed companies at TSE and OTC
bita dehghan khanghahi jamal bahrisales Saeed Jabbarzadeh Kangarlouie ali ashtabPrevious research into the short-term performance of the initial public offering reflects the fact that short-term stocks perform better than the market in the short run. Statistical models have been able to make good predictions about the performance of new stocks, but MorePrevious research into the short-term performance of the initial public offering reflects the fact that short-term stocks perform better than the market in the short run. Statistical models have been able to make good predictions about the performance of new stocks, but the limiting assumptions of some of these models have been effective! So, other ways to deal with these limitations and improve forecasting performance were introduced. Since initial public offering is an important issue in the capital market, in this study, we investigate different classification models to achieve a model that has high efficiency and accuracy in predicting underpricing of initial public offering (IPO) stocks. To achieve the research goal, systematic elimination sampling method is considered to select 84 companies among all listed companies at Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) and 54 companies among all listed companies at Over the Counter (OTC) from 2003 to 2017. The results showed that support vector machine (SVM), Bayesian Network and C5 decision tree models are highly accurate in predicting underpricing. The results also showed that the influential variables included assets growth, auditor tenure, auditor specialty in the industry, financing ratio, P/E, CFO ratio, ROA, stock price fluctuate, growth opportunity and audit firm size. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
741 - Identification of effective indicators on predicting trends of total index of Tehran Stock Exchange using feature selection and classification algorithms
Mohammad Javad Sheikhzadeh Sajjad RahmanyBecause of the numerous environmental, industrial, micro, and macro elements that influence the index and stock price trend, it is undeniably difficult to predict changes in the index and stock price trend. Although the aforementioned factors are difficult or impossible MoreBecause of the numerous environmental, industrial, micro, and macro elements that influence the index and stock price trend, it is undeniably difficult to predict changes in the index and stock price trend. Although the aforementioned factors are difficult or impossible to measure in some cases, micro factors such as price history and trade volume are simply measurable and available. The goal of this research is to use feature selection and classification algorithms to find the most effective features and indicators for predicting the total index and total weighted index. Then we will examine the proposed model in the daily and weekly time period from January 2020 to May 2022. The results show that it is possible to predict the trend of changes with high accuracy using a limited number of indicators, and that the prediction accuracy is much higher in the weekly time interval than in the daily time interval. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
742 - Ability Comparison Adaboost Learning Machine Algorithms and Probable Classification Bayesian in Predicting Managers Over Confidence Iranian Capital Market Companies
shokoufeh etebar Roya Darabi Mohsen Hamidian Seiyedeh Mahbobeh JafariMore confidence is a personality trait, it may affect the decisions of corporate executives, and Management with irrational behavior can affect the company's performance in the long run. The main purpose of this applied research is “Ability comparison Adaboost Lea MoreMore confidence is a personality trait, it may affect the decisions of corporate executives, and Management with irrational behavior can affect the company's performance in the long run. The main purpose of this applied research is “Ability comparison Adaboost Learning Machine Algorithms and Probable Classification Bayesian in predicting Managers over Confidence Iranian Capital Market Companies during the years 2009 to 2017 ". In this regard, Adaboost artificial intelligence algorithms and Probable Classification Bayesian were proposed to validate this year and the following year in order to provide a model for predicting Management over Confidence in Tehran Stock Exchange companies. In total, 34 different industries were selected as statistical samples (financial data of 3145 companies-year in total). The method of data collection in the theoretical part of the library method and for calculating and statistical classification of financial data, from software's Excel and to test the research hypotheses Used from the software matlab 2017. The research findings show that, obtained nonlinear models prediction of the Adaboost algorithm and the probable Bayesian algorithm, both have ability to predict the over confidence of management for this year and one year later, But Adaboost 's prediction model, in contrast to the Bayesian's prediction model, has better results in predicting Management over Confidence. Which indicates greater power in learning and better performance of this model in order to predict the uncertainty of management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
743 - Portfolio Formation Using Diagonal Quadratic Discriminant Analysis and Weighting Based on Posterior Probability
Saeid Fallahpour H. Pirayesh ShirazinejadStock return forecasting is one of the most important question for investing in Stock markets. Because of the effects of policy, economic, etc., we need moderns and intelligent models to forecast the returns. The main idea in this research is classifying the stocks int MoreStock return forecasting is one of the most important question for investing in Stock markets. Because of the effects of policy, economic, etc., we need moderns and intelligent models to forecast the returns. The main idea in this research is classifying the stocks into high and low return groups, for this purpose support vector machine (SVM) was used. To elect the best variables for models we used sequential feature selection and in order to evaluate the accuracy of SVM we do the same forecasting with diagonal quadratic discriminant analysis (DQDA). By using paired t-test, we conclude that models have no significant difference. Equal weighted portfolios were created for each models with and without feature selection also, we used posterior probability to weight the portfolio of DQDA with feature selection. The returns were calculated for each portfolio during the years 1388-1391. The simulating results are satisfying and all portfolios’ returns are better than market portfolio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
744 - Localization of systematic risk assessment patterns Based on financial and non-financial variables
alireza eslampour roya darabiFinancial and economic decisions are always at risk due to future uncertainties. Therefore, one way to help investors is to provide investment risk forecasting models. But as these projections are closer to reality, decisions that are based on such predictions will be m MoreFinancial and economic decisions are always at risk due to future uncertainties. Therefore, one way to help investors is to provide investment risk forecasting models. But as these projections are closer to reality, decisions that are based on such predictions will be more correct. The main purpose of the present experimental study is to predict systematic risk with emphasis on financial and non-financial variables. The statistical population of this research is the companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The data of the study consist of 552 Firm-year from 2012 to 2017. To test the hypotheses, the artificial neural networks approach and night worm algorithms, decision tree and regressor of backup vector machine have been used. The results of this study showed that the results obtained from the hypothesis test showed that all three of the algorithms have the power to explain systematic risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
745 - The Probability of Informed Trading Criterion in measuring the information asymmetry risk and ranking of Tehran Stock Exchange companies
Hamidreza Korditamandani Gholmreza Zamanian Madjid Hatefi MadjumerdAsymmetric information can have a huge impact on financial markets. One of the important effects of asymmetric information in the market is the Inclination of market performance towards disruptions and inefficiencies, as the way information is input in the fluctuation o MoreAsymmetric information can have a huge impact on financial markets. One of the important effects of asymmetric information in the market is the Inclination of market performance towards disruptions and inefficiencies, as the way information is input in the fluctuation of market prices and determining the final price and asymmetric information can reduce efficiency. In this regard, the main objective of this research is to measure the risk of information asymmetry using theProbability of Informed Trading (PIN) model in Tehran Stock Exchange companies. The results show that the information asymmetry risk of Tehran Stock Exchange companies is not the same and there is a significant difference between the information risk asymmetry indexes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
746 - The Relationship of Free Float, Stock Returns, Liquidity and Corporate Value
Abdorreza Asadi Hoda ImantalabThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between free float stock and return, liquidity and the value of listed companies in Tehran stock exchange. For analyses data collected from 134 listed companies over seven years of 2010 to 2016 has been used i MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between free float stock and return, liquidity and the value of listed companies in Tehran stock exchange. For analyses data collected from 134 listed companies over seven years of 2010 to 2016 has been used in the study. To analyze the data and testing the hypotheses, the study has employed multiple regression models with several variables using panel data structure. The results show that based on testing the first hypothesis, the relationship between free float and stock return is significantly positive. Moreover, based on the second hypothesis, whereas the effect of current ratio is insignificant but the significance of the total model is accepted and the relationship between free float and stock liquidity is significantly positive. In the third hypothesis the total regression model is also significant, so there is a positive and significant relationship between free float with companies value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
747 - Effects of Macroeconomic Variables and market power on Banking Sector's Deposits (Bayesian Model Averaging Approach in Panel Data)
mahboubeh shakiba alireza Daghighiasli marjan damankeshideh majid fashari Ali Esmaeelzadeh MaghariMarket power specifies how firms in a market influence prices, and reveals the level of competition in the market. This paper investigated the impact of market power and macroeconomic variables effect on banking deposits in Iranian deposit money market using dynamic Bre MoreMarket power specifies how firms in a market influence prices, and reveals the level of competition in the market. This paper investigated the impact of market power and macroeconomic variables effect on banking deposits in Iranian deposit money market using dynamic Bresnahan-Lau’s and Bayesian model averaging approach for the 18 bank in the Iran industrial banking sector. Annual data for the period of 2006- 2016 has been collected from annual financial statements of Iranian banks, Statistical Centre of Iran, Monetary and Banking Research Institute of Iran and central bank of Iran. By applying BMA approach the main macroeconomic variables have been determined from 8 variables. The results of model estimation indicated that market power for its 18 Iranian banks were 0.58 and the macroeconomic variables of liquidity money has negative and other explanatory variables such as fixed assets, growth of GDP, first order lag of deposits, deposits rate and cross effect of GGDP with deposits rate have positive posterior average on banking sector's deposits during the period of study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
748 - Investigating the Performance of Stochastic Processes in Modeling the Savings Deposits
saeid fallahpour Mohammad Jelodary Mamaqani mohammadreza Dehghani AmadabadOne of the most important actions on risk management is to obtain correct and rigorous information from the nature of the time series which are known as risk drivers. In this paper we introduce a model for interest free deposits using stochastic processes. To this end w MoreOne of the most important actions on risk management is to obtain correct and rigorous information from the nature of the time series which are known as risk drivers. In this paper we introduce a model for interest free deposits using stochastic processes. To this end we use the geometric Brownian motion, jump-diffusion, Cox- Ingersol-Ross and mean-reversion models. Also to develop the approach we decompose the volatility of the time series into deterministic and stochastic parts and model the stochastic part only. The deterministic part is the sum of trend line and periodic cycles. We observe that after estimation of parameters and model calibration, the results are consistent with initial expectations which are as follows: The performance of the models increases with separation of deterministic and stochastic parts. Although at the same time the phenomenon of mean reversion and heavy tail is approved, but, Cox-Ingersol-Ross model show a better behavior than jump-diffusion model. Finally the man-reversion and Jump-diffusion models have better performance than other models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
749 - Evaluation the effect of stochastic fluctuations on operational risk of hedging European options: Application of Markov Switching and Black Scholes Standard
Mahmoud Zarrini seyed parviz jalili kamju Razyeh GoodarziOperational risk is not general definition and it has a unique definition for each company, which depends on the industry and the market of the company. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of stochastic fluctuations on operational risk hedging Europea MoreOperational risk is not general definition and it has a unique definition for each company, which depends on the industry and the market of the company. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of stochastic fluctuations on operational risk hedging European options on the S & P500 index. So this research will compare the operational risk level in the Markov Switching and Black Scholes models using the Var. The implicit volatility values for the three confidence levels of 90, 95 and 99% for different values of call options K, different maturity T, and different interest rate r were calculated for both models using S & P500 index call options information. The results of this study showed that due to higher gamma and random variation of operational risk, the coverage of transaction options in the Markov Switching Model compared to the Black Scholes Standard model was higher by using the criterion of value-at-risk op Var's coverage is at 90, 95, and 99 levels. The results show that OP VaR is inversely proportional to , It also reduced doubling of the OP Variant's maturity over the agreed price. Finally, the results show that the interest rate has an asymmetric effect on OP VaR. As is clear from the figure, for K <S, the OP VaR has been lowered by rising interest rates, and for K> S interest rates have reduced OP VaR . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
750 - Risk Classification of Imbalanced Data for Car Insurance Companies: Machine Learning Approaches
Farzan Khamesian Maryam Esna-Ashari Eric Dei Ofosu-Hene Farbod Khanizadeh -
Open Access Article
751 - Prediction of melting points of a diverse chemical set using fuzzy regression tree
Vali Zare-Shahabadi -
Open Access Article
752 - Studying the Fantasy Imagery in Children's Poetry Based on the Works of the Center of Intellectual Development
Soheila LoveimiAbstract Aesthetics has always been one of the major issues in literature. The study of the elements of beauty in literary works is one of the most frequent points that has attracted the attention of literary scholars and researcher MoreAbstract Aesthetics has always been one of the major issues in literature. The study of the elements of beauty in literary works is one of the most frequent points that has attracted the attention of literary scholars and researchers. In the mean time, addressing child literature is also an issue of importance for the study of child poetry. In this research, the researcher, based on the works published for children in the enter of intellectual development of children and adolescents, examines the simile and metaphor of the elements of expression in imagination in the works of outstanding poets of child literature in the 17s and 18s. The researcher has conducted a descriptive-library study. The results show that sensory symmetry is one of the most frequent elements of imagination in child literature in the five age classification of the two decades, and diagnosis as a kind of metaphor in the most widely used in child poetry Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
753 - Predictive Model presentation for Customer Satisfaction from Software Support Services with Data Mining Approach
babak sohrabi Iman raeesi Samaneh KeshavarziNowadays, productive or service organizations consider the customer's satisfaction as a significant criterion to assess their work quality. Since almost all the organizations need to compete in different areas including services, giving a high quality service is so impo MoreNowadays, productive or service organizations consider the customer's satisfaction as a significant criterion to assess their work quality. Since almost all the organizations need to compete in different areas including services, giving a high quality service is so important to achieve a permanent competitive advantage. In order to survive in competitive markets, organizations and companies have to provide high quality customer services. The results of many researches illustrate that the service quality is the necessity for customer's satisfaction. Though, a lot of customer oriented companies have problem in recognizing and evaluating the customers' preferences and they often misunderstand the customers' demands. Because providing a high quality service requires understanding the relationship between the demands of customers and the quality of services provided by company. The organizations and companies which give software service also include this rule. The purpose of this research is to present a model to predict the customer's satisfaction from the provided services , also determine the influence of each effective variable on customer's satisfaction, as well be informed of customer's satisfaction level from provided service by the mentioned company. The proposed study used predictive algorithms such as Regression and Classification on data by Rapid Miner. Finally the method with the highest accuracy and minimum error were selected. In addition, in order to determine the most effective variables in customer's satisfaction, the weighting method was used. In order to make decisions and improve customer satisfaction, the results will be available for managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
754 - Analysis of urban sprawl and its role in the trend of green space changes Case study: City of Yazd
Heydar Salehi Abolfazl meshkini hosein shokripur dizaj saeid Najafi -
Open Access Article
755 - Identification, Classification and Management of Industrial Hazardous Waste in Ardabil Province
Mohsen Amirfazli Sasan Safarzadeh Reza Samadi Khadem -
Open Access Article
756 - The use of multivariate statistical methods for the classification of groundwater quality: a case study of aqueducts in the east of Tehran, Iran
Mina Mackialeagha Mohammad Bagher Salarian Azita Behbahaninia -
Open Access Article
757 - Evaluation of Comparativ Advantage in the Wood Products Industry in Iran
Afsaneh Shayesteh Homayoon Ranjbar -
Open Access Article
758 - Optimal Feature Selection for Data Classification and Clustering: Techniques and Guidelines
Farhad Rad Ali Asghar Nadri Hamid Parvin -
Open Access Article
759 - Identification of Fraud in Banking Data and Financial Institutions Using Classification Algorithms
Ardavan Rajaei -
Open Access Article
760 - The impact of financial inclusion on economic growth: a cross-country analysis
Akram Ghoreyshvandiabrak Saleh Ghavidel Doostkoui Masoud Soufi MajidpourFinancial inclusion is a key driver of economic growth. This study evaluates its effect on economic growth in 59 high-income countries from 2004 to 2021, using panel data and quantile methods. Financial inclusion is measured through banking penetration, availability of MoreFinancial inclusion is a key driver of economic growth. This study evaluates its effect on economic growth in 59 high-income countries from 2004 to 2021, using panel data and quantile methods. Financial inclusion is measured through banking penetration, availability of banking services, and usage of financial services. The results reveal significant differences among countries, generally enjoying favorable macroeconomic conditions, and indicate slight convergence among them. Positive impacts on economic growth were observed from bank and facility penetration, while ATM penetration and financial deepening showed negative effects. Influential factors include capital, inflation rate, unemployment rate, economic openness, life expectancy, and population growth. The impact of financial inclusion is more pronounced in lower-income countries. Expanding financial inclusion through the Internet and mobile banking, especially in less privileged areas, and enhancing microfinance and user-friendly applications, are pivotal for economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
761 - A classification method for anecdotes concerning “Extraordinary Deaths” (In Prose Mystic Manuscripts until the end of the 6th century Hegira)
Iraj ShahbaziOut of the wide variety of Mystic Tales, ones associated with death is the main concern in this article. Death of saints like the other parts of their lives is in a veil of mystery. Since to date, no serious attempt is made to classify such stories, hence i MoreOut of the wide variety of Mystic Tales, ones associated with death is the main concern in this article. Death of saints like the other parts of their lives is in a veil of mystery. Since to date, no serious attempt is made to classify such stories, hence in this article a precise and comprehensive method is suggested which classifies more than twenty eight kinds of such “incredible deaths”. For each story, full information about plot, content, saints, mystic figures, Performers of Miraculous Acts, moral points and the corresponding sources of tales is neatly presented thereby a large volume of information becomes readily available. For this purpose the method of Arneh-Thompson has been used. The research data is drawn upon thirteen prose mystic manuscripts covering the anecdotes till the end of the sixth century. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
762 - Investigating the effect of economic sanctions on Iran's economy with an emphasis on human capital
Mohammad Rowshanroo Mehrzad Ebrahimi Hashem ZareThis research investigates the impact of economic sanctions on Iran's economy, particularly focusing on human capital, using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and a new Keynesian approach, from March 2001 to September 2021. The findings indicate that sancti MoreThis research investigates the impact of economic sanctions on Iran's economy, particularly focusing on human capital, using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and a new Keynesian approach, from March 2001 to September 2021. The findings indicate that sanctions led to a decline in oil revenues, subsequently reducing public spending on education and hindering human capital development. This decline in human capital has far-reaching consequences, including diminished productivity, reduced investment, and slower economic growth, alongside an inflationary uptick. As inflation erodes real wages, households respond by reducing labor supply, which, in turn, dampens consumption. Given the critical role of human capital in Iran's economic growth, policymakers must safeguard public education spending, particularly during periods of decreased oil revenues. By prioritizing investments in education, the government can mitigate the adverse effects of sanctions and foster long-term economic resilience. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of maintaining educational investments amidst economic challenges, emphasizing the need for strategic fiscal management to sustain human capital development and drive economic progress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
763 - Effects of social security resources and expenditure on income inequality in Iran
Asghar Hasanpour Karim Emami Morteza EzzatIncome inequality poses a major social challenge, and expanding social security is a key strategy to combat it. This study examines how social security resources and expenditures affect income inequality in Iran from 1988 to 2020 using the structural vector autocorrelat MoreIncome inequality poses a major social challenge, and expanding social security is a key strategy to combat it. This study examines how social security resources and expenditures affect income inequality in Iran from 1988 to 2020 using the structural vector autocorrelation (SVAR) model. The results reveal a nuanced relationship between social security inputs and income inequality. An increase in general insurance resource initially decreases inequality but later returns it to its original state. On the other hand, an uptick in unemployment insurance resources causes a brief increase in inequality before it declines. Expenditures in both general insurance and unemployment insurance tend to reduce income inequality, with general insurance having a more substantial effect. These findings suggest that increasing unemployment insurance resources requires careful management to avoid worsening income inequality, while investing in general insurance resources shows a stronger potential to reduce it. Social security expenditure can be a powerful tool for reducing income inequality in Iran when applied thoughtfully. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
764 - The relationship between exchange rate overshooting and currency substitution in Iran’s economy
Seyed Mansour Heshmati Sanzighi Rahman Saadat Esmaeil AbounooriWhenever a country is domestic currency cannot fulfill its duties, foreign currency replaces it. Currency substitution is a common phenomenon in developing countries influenced by economic and political factors. One of the most significant economic aspects is exchange r MoreWhenever a country is domestic currency cannot fulfill its duties, foreign currency replaces it. Currency substitution is a common phenomenon in developing countries influenced by economic and political factors. One of the most significant economic aspects is exchange rate overshooting. The main objective of the current study is to investigate the relationship between exchange rate overshooting and currency substitution in Iran. Using Kamin-Ericsson (2003) method, we first examine the foreign currency in circulation and the volume of currency substitution in Iran’s economy using annual data from 1961-2021. Then, the self-explanatory Bayesian Vector Autoregression (BVAR) method is used to investigate the impact of exchange rate overshooting on currency substitution. According to the results, exchange rate overshooting and inflation always lead to increased currency substitution in Iran’s economy. On the other hand, economic growth has a negative effect on currency substitution. Additionally, neutralizing the impact of shocks related to exchange rate overshooting, economic development, and inflation requires more than five years; therefore, economic policymakers must consider the factor when managing currency substitution. Manuscript profile
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