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Open Access Article
1 - Cyanobacteria are a rich source of anticancer drugs
bahareh NowruziThe increase in cancer mortality as a result of excessive use of chemical drugs has made it one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. For this reason, most of the research today is focused on natural medicinal products. As a result, the aim of this article is to review t MoreThe increase in cancer mortality as a result of excessive use of chemical drugs has made it one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. For this reason, most of the research today is focused on natural medicinal products. As a result, the aim of this article is to review the anticancer properties of cyanobacteria in the pharmaceutical and medical industry. To write this article, both the experiences and articles of the authors of the article and the latest articles available in the Web of Science, Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases have been used. Natural products are an important source of new medicinal compounds that not only have medicinal value, but are also used as building models for creating synthetic analogs. In the meantime, secondary marine metabolites extracted from cyanobacteria as a desirable source of potential new medicinal active compounds have structural diversity and diverse biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial and anti-tumor properties. This review article examines the potential of compounds and metabolites of cyanobacteria as anticancer drugs and examines their chemical structure and mechanisms of actionof action. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Inactivation by helium cold atmospheric pressure plasma for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Khaled Lotfy Sayed Mohammed Khalil Hany Abd El-Raheem -
Open Access Article
3 - Water treatment by the AC gliding arc air plasma
Mehrnaz Gharagozalian Davoud Dorranian Mahmood Ghoranneviss -
Open Access Article
4 - Antibacterial effect, structural characterization, and some applications of silver chiral nano-flower sculptured thin films
Hadi Savaloni Fatemh Haydari-Nasab Abbas Abbas-Rohollahi -
Open Access Article
5 - Microbial methods effect on adsorption and reduction of Aflatoxin contamination in milk
Fatemeh Rahmani Azita Faraki -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of the effect of corn starch film composed of Ag-TiO₂ nanocomposites and Satureja khuzestanica essential oi on the shelf-life of chicken fillet
Neda Sallak Abbasali Motallebi Moghanjoughi Maryam Ataee Seyed Amir Ali Anvar Leila Golestan -
Open Access Article
7 - The combined effect of Bacillus coagulans, potassium chloride, and yeast extract on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of a functional vegetable sausage
Davoud Soleimani Ramin Khorrami Afshin Akhondzadeh Basti Ali Khanjari -
Open Access Article
8 - A Study on the Antibacterial Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Traditional Iranian Milk Samples
P. Taheri N. Samadi M. R. Khoshayand M. R. Fazeli H. Jamalifar M.R. Ehsani -
Open Access Article
9 - Novel Quaternary ammonium modified-tragacanth gum hydrogels for drug delivery applications with antimicrobial activity and release kinetic study
Javid Monjezi Rezvan Jamaledin Mousa Ghaemy Pooyan Majvandi -
Open Access Article
10 - Assessment of Hydrogeochemistry and Groundwater Contamination of Shoush Plain Using Iso-Parameter Maps, Factor and Cluster Analysis
H.R NaseriFactor analysis of the hydrogeochemical data obtained in four rounds of sampling thegroundwater of Shoush plain reveals that the groundwater composition is largelycontrolled by the geochemical processes viz. dissolution, sedimentation and ionicexchange and surface activ MoreFactor analysis of the hydrogeochemical data obtained in four rounds of sampling thegroundwater of Shoush plain reveals that the groundwater composition is largelycontrolled by the geochemical processes viz. dissolution, sedimentation and ionicexchange and surface activities such as agriculture have little effect on it. Amongstothers, gypsum dissolution is the greatest contributer in regional groundwaterevolution since it increases the concentration of calcium, magnesium and sulphate ionson one hand and reduces the alkalinity through the processes of dedolomitization andcalcite deposition. The dendogram resulting from the cluster analysis also indicates thedominance of bicarbonate type in the unconfined aquifer of Shoush plain. Thesimilarity of Iso-EC and Iso-Cl Maps illustrates the effects of evaporation on thegroundwater composition of Shoush plain. Nitrate contamination is localized and is notspread in the Plain while bacterial contamination is associated with human and animalwaste that are diffused from sewage outlets, cesspools and irrigation wastewater intothe environment. Pollution probability increases from NE to SW corresponding to theflow direction of the groundwater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The evaluation of antibacterial activity of TiO2 nanoparticles , EDTA and garlic on standard strain of Pseudomonas aeroginusa by microdilution method
مینا سعادت شهلا رودبارمحمدی رمضانعلی خاوری نژاد الهام تقویImportance of microbial contamination in food industrial is always important health problemespecially in high risk population such as children and old individual. TiO2 nanoparticles wereobtained through the hydrolysis of TiCl4 (Titanium tetrachloride).It was slowly adde MoreImportance of microbial contamination in food industrial is always important health problemespecially in high risk population such as children and old individual. TiO2 nanoparticles wereobtained through the hydrolysis of TiCl4 (Titanium tetrachloride).It was slowly added intodistilled water under constant rotation for 5 hours. This Solution was dried at the 80-100 0C andcalcinated at the 5500C. Size and type of these Nanoparticles were characterized by scanningelectron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray-: Diffraction (XRD) pseudomonas aeroginusa strain(ATCC 27853) were cultured on nutrient agar medium (NA) for 24h at 370C. Suspension byconcentration 1×106 cells/ml was prepared. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test forTiO2 and EDTA and garlic were evaluated.Evaluation of Morphology and diameter of the TiO2 nanoparticles with SEM showed thatnanoparticles were spherical with diameter between 40-65nm. MIC of TiO2 and EDTA andgarlic on pseudomonas aeroginusa ATCC27853 were 2/2, 24/92 and 40 μg/ml respectively.In this study we synthesized the TiO2 nanoparticles with chemical method and showed that ithas antimicrobial activity compared with garlic, EDTA and positive control, so it couldeliminate Pseudomonas aeroginusa in field of food industrial specially in packaging. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - In vitro antibacterial effect of Cuminum cyminum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Rosmarinus officinalis and Mentha spicata and Rhus coriaria essential oil on Vibrio alginolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherchia coli bacteria
نرجس سنچولی مصطفی غفاری احمد قراییDue to restrictions on the use of antibiotics, tend to be cheaper to replace them with naturalmaterials and has strengthened. Among the various alternative materials, recent products ofplant origin which have special status. In the present, Antibacterial effects of esse MoreDue to restrictions on the use of antibiotics, tend to be cheaper to replace them with naturalmaterials and has strengthened. Among the various alternative materials, recent products ofplant origin which have special status. In the present, Antibacterial effects of essential oils offive medicinal plants (Mentha spicata), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Cloves (Eugeniacaryophyllata) Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and Sumac (Rhus coraria) on three strains ofbacteria (Escherchia coli, Listeria monocytogenes , Vibrio alginolyticus) were studied. Todetermine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oil from the standardmethod of broth microdilution was used and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) withMIC values was determined for each oil. Results showed that the lowest MIC value was 4 mg/ml of Eugenia caryophyllata essential oil against the bacteria V. alginolyticus and E. colibacteria, as well as Mentha spicata on V. alginolyticus and MBC values of these oils, twice theMIC value (8 mg/ ml),whereas The highest MIC values was 18 mg / ml of Rosemary essentialoils against the L. monocytogenes and MBC value of this oil was 36 mg/ ml. Among the oils,Clove oil was stronger, and bacteria were more sensitive to it, and rosemary oil was weakerand the bacteria were resistant to it compared to other oils. The most sensitive and most resistantbacteria to essential oils were Vibrio and Listeria, respectively. The result of that essential oilshave antibacterial effects against the bacteria and the essential oils of clove and mint werestronger, Therefore it is suggested that the separation of these two essential active ingredient canbe used to control other pathogenic bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Histopathological study of the effect of pentoxifylline on experimental chronic non-bacterial prostatitis induced by carrageenan in rat
Hajighorbani, M., Ahmadi-hamedani, M. *, Shahab, E., Hayati, F., Kafshdoozan, K., Ghafari Kalili, S., Jebelli Javan, A. .Determination of histopathological criteria of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNP), as the most common type of prostatitis syndrome, is highly effective to better understanding of pathophysiology and finding therapeutic strategies of this disease. Interest in pentox MoreDetermination of histopathological criteria of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNP), as the most common type of prostatitis syndrome, is highly effective to better understanding of pathophysiology and finding therapeutic strategies of this disease. Interest in pentoxifylline (PTX) has been renewed because of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of this drug. The aim of this study was to evaluate histopathological criteria of CNP in rat and to investigate the effectiveness of pentoxifylline on these criteria. Thirty male adult Wistar rats were divided into negative control, CNP control, standard and treatment groups. The negative control group received orally 1 ml saline normal for 21 consecutive days CNP was induced by single intraprostatic injection of 1% carrageenan (100 µl) in CNP control, standard and treatment groups. CNP control, standard and treatment groups received orally 1 ml saline normal, cernilton 100 mg/kg and PTX at 50 and 100 mg/kg 1 week after CNP induction for 21 consecutive days. Results showed that in the CNP control group, the PI was significantly increased as compared to negative control group (P<0.01). A significant reduction in the PI was observed in standard and treatment groups, especially PTX 50 mg/kg, in comparison with the CNP control group (P<0.05). Histopathological studies have shown a considerable improvement in the prostatic histoarchitecture in standard and treatment groups, especially PTX 50 mg/kg, in comparison with the CNP control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Biochemical structure and antibacterial activity of hemolymph in male and female of fresh water prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense (
Karimzadeh, K.*, Zahmatkesh, A., Pormehr, M. .The aim of this study was to characterize the biochemical structure and bactericidal activity of hemolymph Microbrachium in different doses on several human bacterial pathogenFirst 80 individual (40 for male and 40 for female) of prawn (M. nipponense) with an average le MoreThe aim of this study was to characterize the biochemical structure and bactericidal activity of hemolymph Microbrachium in different doses on several human bacterial pathogenFirst 80 individual (40 for male and 40 for female) of prawn (M. nipponense) with an average length of 8.1 ± 0.12 were collected from Anzali wetland. After separation of males and female from each other, hemolymph of samples were taken from ventral sinus of the prawn and structure of collected hemolymph was determined through an electrophoresis and FTIR analysis.The antibacterial activity of M. nipponense hemolymph was investigated against five pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio cholera, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli) in doses of 25 to 100 micrograms per liter by disk diffusion method.The electrophoretic pattern of males and females hemolymph revealed presence of proteins with molecular weights between 22-100 Kda. Hemolymph structure contained both secondary regular and irregular protein structures by FTIR analysis. Different doses of hemolymph, indicated inhibitory activity against different bacterial strains. Also significant difference was observed between male and female hemolymph in case of antibacterial activity p <0.05).Highest inhibitory effect of hemolymph was shown against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Vibrio cholera in male. While the lowest level of antibacterial activity was recorded in female against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli with zone of inhibition 5.9 ± 0.12 and 6.5 ± 0.08 mmResults of this study indicated that fresh water prawn hemolymph was shown well bactericidal activity and can be a substitute for antibiotic-based chemical drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Dill (Anethum graveolen L.) and garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) against of Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC= 14028)
نازیلا Eslami, , Y , Anzabi, M.A Nour Azar,Salmonellosis is one of the most important common diseases of livestock and humans worldwide. With the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, the tendency to use medicinal plants to control microorganisms has increased. The aim of this research was to investigate the anti MoreSalmonellosis is one of the most important common diseases of livestock and humans worldwide. With the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, the tendency to use medicinal plants to control microorganisms has increased. The aim of this research was to investigate the antibacterial effects of the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris and salmonella typhimurium (ATCC=14028). For this purpose, first, the essential oils of the mentioned plants were extracted by steam distillation using a Clovenger machine. Then, using the microdilution broth method, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of essential oils alone and in combination, as well as drug sensitivity or resistance testing based on the well diffusion method in agar against the standard strain of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria, were determined in comparison with three common antibiotics in veterinary medicine. The MIC was calculated for thyme (0.25), mixed essential oil (0.50), doxycycline (0.0078) and oxytetracycline (<0.00195) μg/ml. The MBC for them was 0.25, 0.50, 0.0156 and >0.00195 respectively. Dill essential oil and erythromycin antibiotic had no antimicrobial effect against Salmonella typhimurium. The highest effect was related to oxytetracycline (with a growth inhibition diameter of 27 mm) and the lowest effect was related to thyme essential oil (with a growth inhibition diameter of 10 mm). Unlike dill essential oil, garden thyme essential oil has a significant antibacterial effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A review of the cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles biosynthesized from cyanobacteria
بهاره Nowruzi ملیکا Adelkhani AA AnvarSpecial features of nanoparticles such as high surface to volume ratio, homogeneous particle size, high stability and ease of production have led to their widespread use in various fields of pharmacy, dentistry, medicine, biology and materials engineering. In fact, the MoreSpecial features of nanoparticles such as high surface to volume ratio, homogeneous particle size, high stability and ease of production have led to their widespread use in various fields of pharmacy, dentistry, medicine, biology and materials engineering. In fact, the existence of many pathogenic bacteria that have created many risks in various industries, including medical equipment, dentistry, drinking water treatment and sewage treatment, is another reason for using nanoparticles to protect human health. Meanwhile, the green synthesis of nanoparticles by different strains of cyanobacteria has led to the production of environmentally friendly nanoparticles with various unique biological, physical and chemical properties. Cyanobacteria also have a variety of bioactive compounds such as pigments and enzymes that can act as regenerating and stabilizing agents in the process of producing nanoparticles. In addition, with their unique biochemical compositions that include several bioactive compounds with proven pharmacological activities, they also have potential antibacterial, antifungal, anti-algal, anti-cancer and photocatalytic properties. These properties have caused cyanobacteria to be used not only as useful natural resources, but also to be effective in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Although many researches have been conducted in the field of biological synthesis using various microorganisms, fewer studies have focused on the use of cyanobacteria in the synthesis of nanoparticles. This article comprehensively examines the characteristics and commercial applications of nanoparticles synthesized by cyanobacteria in different fields, as well as the strategies of toxicity of nanoparticles against living cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Evaluation of the effects of some biofertilizers on nutrient uptake and essential oil yield in the golden plant (Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss) under different soil moisture regimes
Ramin Cham Seyed Ali Abtahi Mojtaba Jafarinia Jafar yasrebiDracocephalum kotschyi is one of the most important medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae which is endangered due to unfavorable environmental conditions. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of biofertilizers at four levels (nitroxin, super nitroplus, bioph MoreDracocephalum kotschyi is one of the most important medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae which is endangered due to unfavorable environmental conditions. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of biofertilizers at four levels (nitroxin, super nitroplus, biophosphorus and non-use of biofertilizer) on essential oil yield and nutrient uptake of D. kotschyi seedlings under drought stress at three levels (irrigation to completion 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity) a completely randomized design in 3 replication (each replication includes 25 pots containing one seedling) was performed in the greenhouse as a pot experiment containing cocopeat and perlite culture medium in a ratio of 1: 1. The highest amount of root nitrogen uptake (2.2 mg kg-1) and leaf nitrogen (57.5 mg kg-1) was observed in conventional irrigation treatment (irrigation treatment up to 80% of field capacity) and application of super nitroplus biofertilizer. The percentage of essential oil under mild stress increased by 77.53% compared to the control, while with the intensification of drought stress, the percentage of essential oil decreased by 94.49% compared to the control. The results of this study showed that the most increasing effect on essential oil percentage (1.1%) and essential oil yield (1.5 g plant-1) of D. kotschyi was related to inoculation with Super Nitroplus biofertilizer and mild drought stress, while cultivation of D. kotschyi under normal irrigation conditions and no biofertilizer resulted in the lowest production and yield of essential oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Effect of Salicylic Acid and Pseudomonas Putida Bacteria on Enzyme Properties of Quinoa Plant in Saline Soil Contaminated With Arsenic
Mahmood Nabizade Ali Reza Astaraei Amir LakzianIntroduction: Due to the fact that some of the country's regions, such as Khorasan Razavi, Isfahan, Kerman, etc., are contaminated with arsenic (As), and on the other hand, most of Iran's soils are associated with different degrees of salinity and few agricultural manag MoreIntroduction: Due to the fact that some of the country's regions, such as Khorasan Razavi, Isfahan, Kerman, etc., are contaminated with arsenic (As), and on the other hand, most of Iran's soils are associated with different degrees of salinity and few agricultural management operations like plant selection or applying organic acids such as salicylic acid (SA) have been used, therefore, this research is conducted with the following objectives: 1) Investigate the effect of Pseudomonas putida (P. Putida) bacteria inoculation in soil salinity stress conditions, 2) Investigate the effect of arsenic pollution in soil salinity stress conditions, 3) Investigate the effect of salicylic acid foliar application on cultivated quinoa plant in saline soil and 4) Dual and triunal effects of experimental treatments on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the quinoa plant (Titicaca cultivar).Methods: A completely randomized design (factorial), including the first factor 1) control soil (no inoculation of Pseudomonas putida bacteria, 2) inoculation of Pseudomonas putida bacteria, the second factor: two levels of arsenic (0 and 40 mg/kg) and the third factor: foliar spraying of two levels of salicylic acid (0 and 0.5 mM) in total of 24 pots with a volume of 5000 cubic centimeters were prepared to apply the desired treatments in three replications. To provide saline soil without arsenic, samples are taken from the depth of 0 to 30 cm from Areh village located 45 km of Mashhad-Sarkhos Road. After air-drying and pounding, the samples are sieved with a two-millimeter sieve, and then part of it is moved to the soil science laboratory for preliminary analysis. After preparing the soil, 4 kg of soil is transferred to each pot. Then arsenic salt (Na2AsHO4.7H2O) is added to the pots with the amount of 40 mg/kg of soil. After quinoa plant cultivation, Titicaca variety, when the plants reached the two-leaf stage, the liquid culture medium containing Pseudomonas bacteria is added in three stages (with 5 days intervals). In the following, the plants are sprayed with salicylic acid solution at the 4-leaf stage in 5 stages (with 6 days intervals). Subsequently, the parameters of photosynthetic pigments’ (Lichtenthaler, 1987) antioxidant activity, (Brand-Williams et al, 1995), proline (Bates et al, 1973) and catalase (Dhindsa et al, 1981) of plants’ new leaves are carried out in the soil science laboratory of Ferdowsi University.Results: The results of the analysis of variance of the triple interaction effects of arsenic × salicylic acid × bacteria illustrate that the triple interaction effect on carotenoid is significant at the level of 1% (p<0.01), and the values of chlorophyll a, proline and antioxidant activity are significant at the level of 5% (p<0.05).The results of comparing the average of the triple interaction effects of arsenic levels, salicylic acid and bacteria show that at the zero level of arsenic + spraying solution 0.5 mM salicylic acid + the presence of bacteria can have a positive and significant role on the amount of chlorophyll a (10.76 micrograms per gram of fresh weight) equivalent to +25.11% and carotenoid (3.53 μg/g fresh weight) equal to +25.17 % compared to the control samples (soil with salinity stress). Also, the presence of arsenic (40 mg/kg) + 0.5 mM salicylic acid solution spraying + the presence of bacteria caused a significant increase in proline (8.23 μg/g fresh weight) equivalent to +22.29% compared to the control samples, which demonstrates the positive effects of spraying salicylic acid and bacteria in the conditions of salinity stress with arsenic contamination in the soil. Arsenic (40 mg/kg) + 0.5 mM salicylic acid solution + the presence of bacteria shows a significant rise in the antioxidant activity of quinoa plant (45.03 μg/g fresh weight) equivalent to +47.88% compared to the control sample.Conclusion: The application of Pseudomonas putida bacteria and salicylic acid can enhance the tolerance of plants against salinity stress and heavy metals by regulating the levels of different metabolites of antioxidant enzymes, secondary metabolites, and metal-chelating compounds. In this research, salicylic acid under natural soil salinity conditions (8.16 dS/m) increases chlorophyll a, carotenoid , proline , and antioxidant activity to +14%, +9.6%, +6.4% and +8.7%, respectively. On the other hand, under natural soil salinity conditions (8.16 dS/m) with 40 mg/kg of arsenic contamination in the soil, it has significantly increased plant proline equivalent to 20.65%, which led to a significant rise in antioxidant activity equivalent to +38.02%. The inoculation of Pseudomonas putida bacteria in saline soil contaminated with arsenic significantly boost proline of the plant equal to +22.29% and antioxidant activity equal to +47.88%, which greatly improved the content of chlorophyll, carotenoid and photosynthesis of quinoa plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The effect of addition of kombucha drink on physicochemical, Sensory characteristics and Viability of Probiotic Bacteria of fermented milk
A. Shahab Lavasani M. Zandi L. NateghiIntroduction: Nowadays, the selection of probiotics has an important role in the development of the country's food industry and the production of probiotic dairy products is the main indicator of this progress on the other hand, the quality, sensory and viability charac MoreIntroduction: Nowadays, the selection of probiotics has an important role in the development of the country's food industry and the production of probiotic dairy products is the main indicator of this progress on the other hand, the quality, sensory and viability characteristics of probiotics in manufactured products are the main problems of most industrial factories.Material and Methods: the effect of different concentrations of kombucha drink on the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus Rhamnosus was studied and physicochemical and sensory characteristics of fermented milk were measured during 28 days of storing period at 5±1˚C. Different levels of Kombucha tea 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ml/L were added to probiotic fermented milk containing L. acidophilus, B. bifidum, L. Rhamnosus bacteria (Cfu/ml 107) .Viability rate of probiotic bacteria, pH, percentages of protein, acidity(Dornic), acetic acid, antioxidant compounds were measured during 3, 7, 14 and 28th of storing period at 4 ⸰C. Results: Results showed that higher amounts of kombucha cause higher content of protein, acidity, acetic acid and antioxidant activity. The average amounts of theses parameters were respectivly 0.12,0.02, 15.694 and 0.16. however, pH and viability of probiotic bacteria significantly decreased during the storage period(p<0.05) and average amounts of these parameters were respectively0.79 and 0.046, However, the mentioned indices were higher than the acceptable standard of probiotic products. Conclusion: the addition of kombucha up to 5% could be more effective in improving sensory characteristics. Hence, a treatment containing 5% of kambucha was selected as the best among others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Annatto Dye on Salmonella Enteritidis in Mayonnaise
محمود Yolme M.B. Habibi Najafi F. hosseini R. FarhoshIntroduction: The hazards of antibiotics and synthetic preservatives have been identified, therefore researchers are looking for natural and safe alternatives. Annatto dye is used in the food industry, widely. Annatto dye has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Th MoreIntroduction: The hazards of antibiotics and synthetic preservatives have been identified, therefore researchers are looking for natural and safe alternatives. Annatto dye is used in the food industry, widely. Annatto dye has antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The subject of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of annatto dye on Salmonella Enteritidis in mayonnaise. Materials and Methods: Annatto dye was extracted by maceration methods and after concentration, the powder was produced using vacuum oven. Samples containing 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 percent annatto dye and 1 ml of 1.5 mac farlan microbial suspension (include 1.5 × 108 CFU) were prepared and stored at 4 and 25 ˚C. 1 ml from each dilution was cultured as pour plate to evaluate the bacterial survival of the sauce. The colonies were counted as log cfu/g for the duration of twenty days in triplicate orders. Results: The survival of S.enteritidis was decreased by increasing the annatto dye in both temperatures and has a significant difference with the control sample (P < 0.05). The population of S.enteritidis has shown more reduction at 25 ˚C as compared to 4 ˚C. Therefore the population of S.enteritidis would reach the minimum concentration under 25 ˚C after 17 days. Conclusion: Annatto dye decreased the survival of S.enteritidis in mayonnaise sauce. Temperature of 25 ˚C imposed more fatality effect on S.enteritidis in mayonnaise sauce. Therefore, annatto dye might be employed as an inhibitor in such products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Production of Probiotic Fermented Beverage from Turnip (Brassica rapa) and Purple Carrots (Daucus carota) Using Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus paracasei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
M. Ghaempanah M. Hashemiravan A. SharifanIntroduction: Natural beverages from vegetable origin are one of the most important and consuming products that have been widely introduced in the food program in recent years. Violet carrots can be used as a valuable source for the production of complementary foods bec MoreIntroduction: Natural beverages from vegetable origin are one of the most important and consuming products that have been widely introduced in the food program in recent years. Violet carrots can be used as a valuable source for the production of complementary foods because of the presence of phenolic compounds (antioxidants), vitamin C, carotene and other nutrients. On the other hand, turnip can also be an unexpensive and valuable source of fiber, vitamin and important minerals such as potassium. Beverages are one of the most important and widely consumed products that have been widely introduced in the diet in recent years. Materials and Methods: In this study, 3 species of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum) were used to produce probiotic beverages. Chemical, qualitative and sensory tests were performed in 3 replications. Fermented beverage with the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) without bacteria was used as a control sample. pH, alcohol and number of bacteria after 24, 48 and 72 fermentation were investigated. Sensory evaluation was also carried out to evaluate the acceptance of this drink by 10 pints. Results: The results showed that lactobacillus paracasei (7.79 log cfu/ml bacteria 72 h after of fermentation) had a higher acceptance than other bacteria. The value of pH was 3.8 and the amount of alcohol produced in the sample containing this bacterium was lower. Conclusion: According to the total results, the sample containing Lactobacillus paracasei has the best quality among the other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A Comparative Study Concerned with Generated Folic Acid in Probiotic and Set Yogurt Produced by Milks from Cow, Sheep and Goats
الناز Tamaskoni Zahedi M. R. Ehsani عزیز Homayoni Rad انوشه Sharifan کامبیز LarijaniIntroduction: The consumption of probiotic products due to their functional effect on theconsumers has been increasing in recent years. One of the effects is the production of B groupvitamins, specially folic acid and its derivatives by probiotic bacteria. The aim of th MoreIntroduction: The consumption of probiotic products due to their functional effect on theconsumers has been increasing in recent years. One of the effects is the production of B groupvitamins, specially folic acid and its derivatives by probiotic bacteria. The aim of this study isto examine the growth rate of folic acid in indigenous set and probiotic yogurt.Materials and Methods: In order to prepare yogurt, milk samples from cow, sheep and goatwere provided and microorganisms consisting of Lactobacillus casei (y2b4, JQ41273501) andordinary yogurt culture (YC-X11) were employed. The samples were incubated for four hoursat 42oC. Folic acid produced during fermentation and storage for 14 days at 4oC weredetermined using liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, acidity and pH changes andsensory scores were determined on the first, 7th and 14th days.Results: The ability of folic acid production by indigenous probiotic in all the milk samples(cow, sheep and goat) were observed. The rate of folic acid produced by probiotic bacteriawas more than that of set yogurt (P <0.05). pH changes during storage period has a downwardtrend while the acidity took an upward trend on the 14th day of storage time (P <0.05).Conclusion: In general this study has indicated that indigenous Lactobacillus casei is able toincrease the folic acid rate of production up to three times as compared to that produced bythe set yogurt. The inoculation of probiotic had no significant effect on the sensory propertiesof yogurt and an acceptable product has been produced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobium Bacteria Co-Symbiosis on Steviol Glycosides Content in Herb Plant of Stevia
M. Farid H. Mozafari E. Mohammadi GoltapehIntroduction: Stevia might be used as a new source of sweetener but without containing sugar and is a suitable alternative to sucrose. It is important in health care and solving restrictions of sugar consumption by diabetics. Therefore the aim of this study is to evalua MoreIntroduction: Stevia might be used as a new source of sweetener but without containing sugar and is a suitable alternative to sucrose. It is important in health care and solving restrictions of sugar consumption by diabetics. Therefore the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria co-symbiosis on steviol glycosides content in herbal plant of stevia. Materials and Methods: The effect of mycorrhizal fungi in three and rhizobium bacteria in five concentrations were conducted on stevia through factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications in research greenhouse of the faculty of Agriculture and Food at Tarbiat Modares University. Results: The results revealed that the effect of mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobium bacteria and its interactions were significant on all characteristics. The highest percent of stevioside and rebaudioside A glycosides was gained in b0f25 and b100f50 treatments, respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that co-symbiosis of mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium bacteria with stevia could efficiently improve the economical yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Study of the Antibacterial and Antioxidative Effects of Chlorella vulgaris Algae Extract on the Quality of Rainbow Trout during Storage at 4 ° C
F. Ghafoori Sh. Shabani A. Akhondzadeh BastiIntroduction: Fish is known as a perishable food because of its high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids and neutral pH. Accordingly, natural preservatives are employed to delay the spoilage and increase the shelf life of fish. The aim of this research is to study th MoreIntroduction: Fish is known as a perishable food because of its high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids and neutral pH. Accordingly, natural preservatives are employed to delay the spoilage and increase the shelf life of fish. The aim of this research is to study the antibacterial and antioxidative effects of Chlorella vulgaris algae extract on the quality of rainbow trout during storage at 4 °C. Materials and Methods: In this study, trout fillets were treated with 4 concentrations of algae extract (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 %), then they were subjected to chemical (PV, TBA, TVB-N, pH), microbial tests (total count, psychrotrophs count) and sensory evaluation during 9 days of storage at 4 °C at 0, 3, 6 and 9 day intervals. Results: Based on the results obtained, the levels of lipid oxidation and microbial degradation were significantly lower in the fish treated with algae extract than the control sample. According to sensory analysis results, treatments with algae extract had better quality as compared to other treatments at the last day of storage. Conclusion: The findings indicated that Chlorella vulgaris extract exerted antioxidant and antibacterial effects on rainbow trout during storage and increased the shelf life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Lactic Fermentation of Camel Milk via some of Exopolysaccharide Bacteria Generator and Investigation of the Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of the Resulted Product
M. Ghaforiyan H. Ezzatpanah A. Mohammadi Nafchi M. Tajabadi EbrahimiIntroduction: Due to the problems concerned in urban life and the consequences of noncommunicablediseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer, it is necessary tochange the eating habits as a way to help and slow down the diseases. Camel milk is a healthy MoreIntroduction: Due to the problems concerned in urban life and the consequences of noncommunicablediseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer, it is necessary tochange the eating habits as a way to help and slow down the diseases. Camel milk is a healthyvaluable source that can be presented on the consumers table and can be fermented to extendits shelf life. This research has studied the thermal process of camel milk with producingExololysaccharide bacteria which in addition exhibits antioxidant activity and is effective inimprovement of the sensory characteristics of fermented process.Materials and Methods: Camel milk has been heated at 85°C for 15 minutes and then isimpregnated with Exopolysaccharide bacteria including lactobacillus casei TD4, lactobacilluscasei T20, and lactobacillus plantarum. After incubation periods of first, seventh, fourteenthand twenty first days the physico-chemical characteristics particularly the antioxidant andsensory properties were evaluated.Results: The findings determined that the thermal process apart from the safety increased theshelf life of the product. Strains producing Exopolysaccharide beside the products as theresult of fermentation like lactic acid give the product more acceptability from consumerviewpoint and also have significant role in increasing the antioxidant activity. These productsat refrigerator temperature after 14 days have the highest antioxidant property.Conclusion: This research work indicated that the thermal process did not exhibit significanteffect on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the product. In factfermentation by suitable lactic bacteria makes it valuable due to the increase in the shelf life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - A Review of Microalgae as Dietary and Medicinal Useful Complements
S.A.A. Anvar B. NowrouziIntroduction: Microalgae are important components in the food chain of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, the number of which is increasing and being consumed as food or medicine. Microalgae and cyanobacteria are produced in controlled culture processes or removed from MoreIntroduction: Microalgae are important components in the food chain of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, the number of which is increasing and being consumed as food or medicine. Microalgae and cyanobacteria are produced in controlled culture processes or removed from natural habitats and marketed as a complete food supplement worldwide.Materials and Methods: For this paper review of the results and conclusions of investigated research articles concerned with the subject.Results: Cyanobacteria have a wide range of biologically active compounds that produce and are expected to be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Due to the active composition of cyanobacteria such as fatty acids, sterols, volatile compounds, stable isotopic compounds, carotenoids, polysaccharides, lectins, mycosporin-like amino acids, bioemulsifiers that are anti-virus and anti-inflammatory due to their elevation and etcetra are used for marketing purposes.Conclusion: This review article attempts to introduce the active compounds of microalgae and their biological activities, their nutritional value in human diet and health, during different periods, aquatic and other animals if possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Synbiotic Mayonnaise Sauce Produced Via Incorporation of Encapsulated Probiotic Bacteria with Alginate and Resistant Starch
Nima Mohammadi Maryam Fahimdanesh Hamed Ahari Mohammad Ali Khosravi ZanjaniIntroduction: Mayonnaise sauce is consumed by a large number of people. Producing symbiotic mayonnaise sauce with probiotic bacteria has probably an important impact in human health promotion. Recently, Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria is the newest method for i MoreIntroduction: Mayonnaise sauce is consumed by a large number of people. Producing symbiotic mayonnaise sauce with probiotic bacteria has probably an important impact in human health promotion. Recently, Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria is the newest method for increasing the survival ability of probiotics in food products.Materials and Methods: In this study, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121, Lactobacillus casei ATCC 39392 and Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 29521 were encapsulated by calcium alginate and resistant starch under the emulsion procedure. These were added to the mayonnaise sauce either as free cells or encapsulated form. The survival of probiotic was evaluated during storage after 30 days at 4 ºC. The morphologicalcharacteristics of capsules were indicated by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope.Results: The survival of encapsulated probiotic bacteria was higher than the free state in mayonnaise sauce. There were not detectable differences in the morphological characteristics of the capsules with resistant starch employing scanning electron microscope and optical microscopy. Sensory evaluation of mayonnaise sauce was improved by the addition of encapsulated probiotic bacteria.Conclusion: The microencapsulation significantly increased the survival of probiotic bacteria and synbiotic mayonnaise sauce with an acceptable quality characteristic might be introduced for the production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Reduction of Bacillus Cereus Growth in Oat Tempeh with Co- Fermentation of Different Lactic Acid Bacteria and Rhizopus oligosporus
زهره DidarIntroduction: Tempeh is a traditional soy product originally from Asia. Because of its nutritional value, tempeh is used worldwide in vegetarian cuisine, where it is used as a meat analogue Materials and Methods: Oat tempeh is produced with Rhizopus oligosporus PTCC 52 MoreIntroduction: Tempeh is a traditional soy product originally from Asia. Because of its nutritional value, tempeh is used worldwide in vegetarian cuisine, where it is used as a meat analogue Materials and Methods: Oat tempeh is produced with Rhizopus oligosporus PTCC 5287 with approximately 104 CFU/g. Biological acidification is carried out with inoculation of three starters containing streptococcus,Lactobacillus ,lactococcus and chemical acidification is provided by the addition of 5ml/100g vinegar. Bacillus cereus is inoculated with approximately 105 CFU/g. Results: The Results showed that co- fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and Rhizopus oligosporus caused a decrease in mold growth (p<1%). The highest effect is from the tempeh that was produced with lactococcus lactis sub sp lactis, lactococcus lactis subsp cremoris and the one that was acidified with vinegar. The highest ergostrol and hyphal length is related to the non- acidified tempeh. Conclusion: Biological and chemical acidification caused decreases in Bacillus cereus growth. The highest decrease was observed in tempeh that was made with lactococcus lactis sub sp lactis, lactococcus lactis subsp cremoris. In all the cases tempeh with good quality was produced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Incresing Shelf Life of of Penaeus semisulcatus in NanoSilver Coatings Based on Titanium Dioxide
H. Ahari Z. Amanolah nejad M.A. Magharehei S. PaidariIntroduction: Shrimp is one the most famous food with high nutritional value. Shrimp is undoubtedly one of the best-known sea foods and determination of appropriate methods for its packaging increases the shelf life of products and reduces the microbial load in all food MoreIntroduction: Shrimp is one the most famous food with high nutritional value. Shrimp is undoubtedly one of the best-known sea foods and determination of appropriate methods for its packaging increases the shelf life of products and reduces the microbial load in all food processing plants. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study is to implement nano packaging to evaluate its antibacterial characteristics, shelf life determination as well as evolution of quality changes during shelf life. The current study evaluates the antibacterial features of produced nanopackaging containing 1000 to 6000 ppm of nanosilver during 0,3,7,10,14,21 and 25 days concerned will total count, E.coli and S.aureus, sensory analysis and determination of size and distribution of silver nano particles using SEM and FESEM. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the control and produced nanopackaging. Moreover, there were a significant difference between the antibacterial effects of nanopackagings on E.coli and S.aureus (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sensory analysis of the product revealed that there is no significant difference between sensorya and quality characterristics of nano-packed shrimps and control shrimps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Effect of Sodium Caseinate Films Incorporated with Lactobacillus. acidophilus and Lactobacillus. casei Bacteria to Control Listeria monocytogenes Inoculated Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Fillet
S. M. Ojagh B. Shabanpour M. Kordjazi E. Abdolahzadeh M. GharaeiIntroduction: Casein-based edible films due to high nutritional value have potential toprotect the food products. The purpose of this investigation is to prepare sodium caseinatefilm containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei and determine theantibacte MoreIntroduction: Casein-based edible films due to high nutritional value have potential toprotect the food products. The purpose of this investigation is to prepare sodium caseinatefilm containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei and determine theantibacterial activity of the film against Listeria monocytogenes inoculated into the silver carpfillet.Materials and Methods: In this survey, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus caseibacteria in the form of solution were added to sodium caseinate film and dried at 40°C for 24hours. The effect of the film to control Listeria monocytogenes was determined on silver carpfillets and culture media during 9 days at 96 hour intervals. The viability of the LAB bacteriawithin 12 days in culture medium and fish fillet were studied at 96 hours intervals. The effectsof incorporated bacteria on the physical and mechanical properties of the film were alsoexamined.Results: The viability of lactic acid bacteria in fillets was increased. Both bacteria causedreduction in the Listeria count as compared to the control group. Lactic acid bacteria had asignificant effect on the solubility percentage, moisture, L index and color difference,however there were not significant differences in tensile strength and elongation percentage.Conclusion: Due to a significant decrease in L. monocytogenes viable count on culturemedia, it seems that the incorporation of LAB cells into films could be a useful method tocontrol food pathogens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oil and Extract of Cirsium Congestum
M. Jalili A. Sharifi -
Open Access Article
32 - Preparation and Investigation of Bioactive Properties of Protein Hydrolysates from Yogurt Whey
N. Karimi R. Pourahmad S. Taheri O. Eyvazzadeh -
Open Access Article
33 - Shelf Life Extension of Package’s Using Cupper/(Biopolymer nanocomposite) Produced by One-Step Process
S. Ebrahimiasl S. A. Younesi -
Open Access Article
34 - Quality Evaluation of New Developed Symbiotic Yogurt over the Storage at Refrigerator
N. Moayednia -
Open Access Article
35 - Encapsulation of Tribulus terrestris and Valeriana officinalis Extracts in Nanoliposomes and Evaluation of its Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties
M. Nouri M. Shafaghi Rad -
Open Access Article
36 - Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Antimicrobial Effect of Rosa damascena Mill. Essential Oil Against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi
P. Kheirkhahan M. Ghavami A. Sharifan -
Open Access Article
37 - The Inoculation Effect of Arum conophalloides on Salmonella typhimurium Bacteria Using an Antibacterial Approach at Different Temperatures, Time Intervals, and Extract Concentrations
M. Razani H. Ahari A. A. Anvar V. Razavilar -
Open Access Article
38 - Bacterial Bioremediation of Surficial Oil- Contaminated Soil in Tabriz Refinery Campus
Rezvan Agha mohammadi Kamal Siahcheshm Gholamreza Zarrini Ali KadkhodaeeBackground and Objective: Nowadays, the use of bacteria to clean oil pollution from water and soil has been considered by scientists and this method is more economical than other methods and does not cause toxic compounds in the environment. Method: In the present study MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, the use of bacteria to clean oil pollution from water and soil has been considered by scientists and this method is more economical than other methods and does not cause toxic compounds in the environment. Method: In the present study, the results of the bioremediation process have been presented to identify the most optimal bacterial isolates of petroleum degraders in physicochemical and textural conditions of contaminated soil of Tabriz refinery. Gas chromatographic analysis with thermal detection (Gc-FID) was used to evaluate the removal rate of hydrocarbons. Findings: The 7 isolates of bacteria were purified in this study. A Pseudomonas isolate was introduced as a strain with the highest efficiency. Discussion and Conclusion: After 30 days, as a result of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter performance, the amount of TPH in contaminated soil samples was decreased in rate of 65.25 and 42.39 percent, respectively. Based on this investigation, the Bacterial Bioremediation method to clean up contaminated soils by petroleum hydrocarbons due to simplicity of implementation, environmentally friendly, safety and low cost is highly proposed to conduct in other oil refineries in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Effect of Titanium Dioxide on the Antibacterial and Mechanical Properties of Polystyrene Nanocomposites
Mohammad Yousefi Ali Akbar AzematiBackground and Objective: Due to the high use of polystyrene in food and medicine industries, it is particularly important to have antibacterial properties for these types of polymers. In this study, composite samples of polystyrene and titanium dioxide were p MoreBackground and Objective: Due to the high use of polystyrene in food and medicine industries, it is particularly important to have antibacterial properties for these types of polymers. In this study, composite samples of polystyrene and titanium dioxide were prepared by using a twin-screw extruder.Methods: The samples were prepared by injection moulding process for mechanical and anti-bacterial testing. It was observed that adding TiO2 would improve the mechanical and thermal properties of polystyrene.Finding: According to the results of the natural weathering test, TiO2 as a semi-conductor photo-catalyst has an active role in the determination of antibacterial properties of polymer matrix.Results and Discussion: Micro and nano-scale of TiO2 improved impact strength, tensile strength, Vicat softening temperature and melt flow index of all samples. Moreover, the prepared mixture showed appropriate antibacterial properties against E.Coli and S.Aureus. It was concluded that the antibacterial properties of the nanocomposite sample are better than those of the composite sample because of smaller size and larger surface area of Nano particles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Transmission and Retention Status of the Contamination Index (Escherichia Coli) with Different Levels of Salinity in the Saturated Column
Sahar Akhavan Soheila Ebrahimi Maryam Navabian Mahmoud Shabanpour Ali Mojtahedi Alireza Movahedi NaeiniBackground and Objectives: Escherichia coli is the most common fecal coliform in the cow manure that is considered as an indicator of groundwater contamination. In this regard, the present study was designed to investigate the preferential transmission and retention of MoreBackground and Objectives: Escherichia coli is the most common fecal coliform in the cow manure that is considered as an indicator of groundwater contamination. In this regard, the present study was designed to investigate the preferential transmission and retention of Escherichia coli bacteria as an indicator of pollution in terms of using saline water. Material & Methodology: Laboratory studies were conducted in preferential flow system with synthetic m acro-pores with different diameter and salinity treatments under saturation flow in 2016. E. coli and chloride bio-tracer were used for detecting the effect of different water salinity levels. The wastewater samples were collected continuously during the transmission experiment at specific intervals. At the end of the experiment, three depths of soil from each column were sampled in two macro-porous and matrix areas. Then, the concentrations of bacteria and chloride were analyzed. Findings: The highest and the lowest concentration of E. coli in the collected drainage were observed in salinity of 1dS m-1 and 4dS m-1, respectively. At a depth of 5 cm, the bacterial retention rate was maximal and equal to 1.3 × 105 CFU-1. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that most of the treated bacteria were retained in the surface layers of the soil. Also, the amount of contaminants passing through the soil decreased with soil depth, so that the retention rate was decreased 10% per 5 cm increase in depth. In addition, the high concentration of bacteria exhausting from the soil columns treated with high salinity is due to the role of minerals such as salt in the transmission of bacteria. Therefore, water salinity can play an important role in reducing the pollution of groundwater resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Isolation and Identification of Phenol Degrading Bacteria from Oil Refinery Effluents
Ramazan Ali Dianati Tilaki Morteza Ghalenoei Masoumeh Eslami farBackground and Objective:Phenol and its derivatives are toxic to all living organism and are found in oil refinery wastewater. Isolation and identification of bacteria from oil refinery wastewater is important to identify aromatic compounds degrading bacteria. The aims MoreBackground and Objective:Phenol and its derivatives are toxic to all living organism and are found in oil refinery wastewater. Isolation and identification of bacteria from oil refinery wastewater is important to identify aromatic compounds degrading bacteria. The aims of this study were isolation and identification of bacteria from Tehran oil refinery wastewater treatment system and determine amount of phenol degradation by these bacteria. Method: This experimental study was conducted by using two series of activated sludge samples collected from Tehran oil refinery wastewater treatment plant. Adaptation of bacteria to phenol was done by culturing in growth medium containing phenol at 30°C in incubator. After that isolation and identification of bacteria was done according to standard method. Isolated bacteria were cultured in growth medium containing different concentration (0.5- 1.2gL-1) of Phenol. Bacteria growth was assayed by measuring optical density at 600nm. Concentration of Phenol in the medium growth solution was measured by spectrophotometric method using 4- Amino antipyrine as color reagent at 510 nm. Findings: Pseudomonas, Acintobacter, E.coli, Enterococcus and Enterobacter spps were isolated from oil wastewater treatment plant. Pseudomonas spp. completely removed 0.9gL-1 of Phenol, Acintobacter and E.coli removed 0.7 gL-1, Enterococcus and Enterobacter removed 0.5 gL-1 of Phenol from growth solution. Discussion and conculation: Pseudomonas spp. isolated from oil refinery wastewater treatment plant has highest phenol removal rate in shorter contact time than other isolated bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Investigation of residue content of cyanobacterial hepatotoxin in water samples using DLLME method
Soheila Rezaitabar soheila rezaitabar Nader BahramifarBackground and Objective: Hepatotoxins are dangerous biological toxins produced by cyanobacteria. Because of the high consumption of cost and time in the extraction and detection procedure of these toxins, the main aim of the present study is to investigate the performa MoreBackground and Objective: Hepatotoxins are dangerous biological toxins produced by cyanobacteria. Because of the high consumption of cost and time in the extraction and detection procedure of these toxins, the main aim of the present study is to investigate the performance of a new extraction technique, termed dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) in the extraction of one hepatotoxin with the name Microcystin LR from water samples, using chlorinated organic extraction solvents. Material and Methodology: In the first stage, the efficiency of the common method (solid phase extraction) was investigated. Then the mixture of disperser solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol, and acetonitrile) and extraction solvents (chloroform, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethylene) were used to investigate the efficiency of DLLME. Findings: The results showed that the efficiency of SPE using a C18 cartridge was 102 %. For high efficiency of DLLME, a cloudy solution should be formed (fine particles of extraction solvent which are dispersed entirely into the aqueous phase). In the present study, only in a mixture of acetone and tetrachloroethylene (with different ratios), a stable cloudy solution was found. The best-observed efficiency was 3 % for DLLME. Discussion and Conclusion: The observations in this study suggest that although based on the obtained efficiency, the chlorinated organic solvents, could not be appropriate extraction solvents in MC-LR extraction, but the DLLME method using other solvents like Ionic liquid extraction solvents is a suitable technique for hepatotoxin extraction because of low consumption of cost, time and solvents in the extraction procedure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Effects of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on Chemical forms of Lead and cadmium in Two Different Textural Soils
sahar sharifi shokoofeh rezaei Ali Khanmirzaei fardBackground and Objective: One of the promising tools for evaluating heavy metals bioavailability in the environment is the knowledge of their partitioning among the various soil constituents. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the changes of chemica MoreBackground and Objective: One of the promising tools for evaluating heavy metals bioavailability in the environment is the knowledge of their partitioning among the various soil constituents. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the changes of chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) under the influence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in the soil. Material and Methodology: Phosphorus (KH2PO4), Cd(NO3)2 and Pb(NO3)2 simultaneously were introduced into the soil to promote the contamination and formation of phosphate minerals of added metals in two selected soils. After two months the soils were inoculated with two Enterobacter species and incubated for 3 months. A single (DTPA) and sequential extraction scheme were applied to determine the chemical forms of Cd and Pb 5, 25, 60 and 90 days after incubation. Findings: The results revealed that DTPA extractable Cd and Pb were decreased in the presence of the phosphorus solubilizing bacteria. Soluble+ exchangeable Cd fraction was decreased whereas, the fractions associated with organic matter and oxides were increased in inoculated soils during the incubation time. In the other hand Soluble+ exchangeable and carbonate fractions of Pb were increased and organic matter and oxides associated Pb fractions were decreased in the presence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria. Carbonate and oxides associated are the abundant Cd and Pb fractions in studied soil. Discussion and Conclusion: Although the Cd and Pb chemical fractions were affected in the presence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, but two metals contradictory were differ in behavior in the studied soils. Indeed, the destination of added metals in the soil in the presence of microbes may be different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Isolation, identification and evaluation of the Actinobacteria derived from wheat farms to perform biological control of fungal diseases
Majid Gozari Maria Mohammadizadeh mohsen gozari Maryam RafatiBackground and Objective: Nowadays pesticides are extensively used to protect food security worldwide. Due to their undesirable effects, they are considered as important environmental pollutants. Methods for pest biological control are enumerated as an alternative for c MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays pesticides are extensively used to protect food security worldwide. Due to their undesirable effects, they are considered as important environmental pollutants. Methods for pest biological control are enumerated as an alternative for chemical pesticide. This study was performed to isolate and identify the antifungal-compound-producing Actinobacteria againstAspergillus nigerfungi (stored product pest)and Bipolaris sp.(responsible for root and crown rot disease) from wheat farms of Hajiabad region, Hormozgan province. Methods: Three farming sites were sampled in this study. Actinobacteria were isolated by soil extract agar and starch casein agar media. Antifungal activities were evaluated by well diffusion agar method. Potent isolates were identified through morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic analysis. Findings: Approximately a total number of 207 Actinobacteria isolates were isolated. From two isolation media, the soil extract agar yielded 125 isolates and exhibited more efficacy. Results of physical treatments showed that heat treatment could isolate 85 colonies and followed by desiccation and UV treatments by 57 and 46 colonies respectively. Evaluation of the antifungal activities of 100 morphologically distinct isolates revealed that only two isolates exhibited antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Bipolaris sp. Identification of potent isolates according to morphological, biochemical and physiological properties showed that these isolates belong to Streptomyces genus. Genetically, identification and phylogenetic analysis based on16srRNA gene revealed a high similarity between Streptomyces sp.MG-11and Streptomyces albus (similarity: 99%) and between Streptomyces sp.MG-21 and Streptomyces griseus (similarity: 99%). Discussion and Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that Streptomyces sp. MG-11 and Streptomyces sp.MG-21can be considered as appropriate candidates for biological control studies against the selected fungal diseases in wheat farms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Avicennia marina young branch and mature leaf extract in Khoor-e-Tiab, Hormozgan province
Farshid Kafilzadeh Shekoufeh Zeinali Kavous SolhjooIntroduction and objective: Many pathogens responsible for human disease have become resistant toantibiotics and therefore finding new antibacterial agents are essential. Regarding to the fact thatmangrove plant (Avicennia marina) has been used in traditional herbal med MoreIntroduction and objective: Many pathogens responsible for human disease have become resistant toantibiotics and therefore finding new antibacterial agents are essential. Regarding to the fact thatmangrove plant (Avicennia marina) has been used in traditional herbal medicine in south of Iran, thisstudy has been designed to identify the antibacterial effect of extract of mature leaf and young branchof the mangrove plant.Methods: The extracts of dried leaf and branch were prepared using Soxhlet extraction method andethyl acetate and methanol were used as solvents. Then the antibacterial effects of this plant werescreened by using well agar diffusion technique against few gram positive and negative bacteria, inthree different volumes of 10, 20, and 30 microliter, with concentration of 100mg/ml and the diameterof inhibitory zone was measured. Also MIC and MBC of extract of leaf and branch of mangrove plantwere measured.Results: The highest inhibitory zone (28mm) with ethyl acetate extract of both branch and leaf ofmangrove plant in volume of 30 μl, was in Shigella dysenteriae. Lowest MIC (0.4mg/ml), MBC(0.5mg/ml) with extracts of branch using ethyl acetate as solvent was shown for Bacillus subtilis.Conclusions: Results of this research has shown that extract from branch of mangrove plant usingethyl acetate as solvent has beneficial antibacterial effect against gram positive bacteria and it appearsthat plant structure of the branch has bigger active biological antimicrobial effect in compare to leaf Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - A Study on Biodegradation of Phenol by Isolated Native Bacteria from Phenol Wastewater
Somaye Eskandary Arezoo Tahmourespour Mehran HoodajiWastewater of coal tar plants is counted wastewater pollutant for the environment. For degradation wastewater, usage of Biological systems is a common way. The percentage of removal pollutant is depended on rare types of microorganisms activities. Some of the materials MoreWastewater of coal tar plants is counted wastewater pollutant for the environment. For degradation wastewater, usage of Biological systems is a common way. The percentage of removal pollutant is depended on rare types of microorganisms activities. Some of the materials that are presented in wastewater are inhibitors for microorganisms activities such as: toluene and phenol. Phenol and its compounds are so toxic for human and environment which makes this removal very important. There is a lot of ways for removal or degradation of phenol but the best way is biodegradation. In this study isolated phenol degradation bacteria is from a phenol wastewater of Isfahan steal meal plant. It takes some activities such as diagnosis, phenol removal and adaptation to high concentration of phenol. Results show that one of the isolated bacterias removals is 2233(mg/l) phenol which happens during 96 hours and another happens during 120 hours. By usage different isolated bacteria types which are adapted to high concentration of phenol, degradation of it takes much shorter time Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Investigating the effects of height, effective size and uniformity coefficient of rapid sand filters on removal of turbidity and coliform bacteria in water treatment plants of Tehran
Mohammad Bozorgmehr Ali Torabian Amir Hesam Hasani Malihe Alinagi Noushin Osouleddini Mohammad AbdollahzadehBackground and objective: Drinking water supply with proper quality is one of the main goals of water treatment plants. Filtration is a process which has the largest share of quality making in water treatment plants and about 20% of the cost is allocated to this process MoreBackground and objective: Drinking water supply with proper quality is one of the main goals of water treatment plants. Filtration is a process which has the largest share of quality making in water treatment plants and about 20% of the cost is allocated to this process. The main indicator used for filters efficiency is water turbidity at outlet. Methods: In this research, the effect of various heights (20-50-70-90 cm), effective sizes (0.75-1) and uniform coefficients (1-1.5) sand filter’s packing on turbidity removal and coliforms has been studied for four months from May 2010. Sampling was performed according to standard procedures and the samples were analyzed immediately in Tehran Islamic Azad University of Science Research laboratories and water treatment plant laboratory. Finding: Results of coarse packing filter show the maximum efficiency of turbidity reduction was 83.58% for turbidity of 5 NTU and packing height of 90cm. The minimum turbidity reduction was 29.25% for turbidity of 10 NTU and packing height of 20cm. The maximum coliform reduction was about 87.92% for turbidity of 2 NTU and packing height of 90cm and the minimum coliform reduction was about 38% for turbidity of 10 NTU and packing height of 20cm. The effective height which causes maximum turbidity and coliform reduction is 90cm. The longest operation time in the context of a coarse bed was 35 hours in turbidity of 2 NTU and the shortest operation time in the context of a coarse strainer was 23 hours in turbidity of 10 NTU. Conclusion: Results of fine packing filter show the maximumefficiency of turbidity reduction which was 93% for turbidity of 2 NTU and packing height of 90cm. The minimum turbidity reduction was 54.9% for turbidity of 7 NTU and packing height of 50cm. The maximum coliform reduction was about 91.92% for turbidity of 2 NTU and packing height of 90cm and the minimum coliform reduction was about 45% for turbidity of 10 NTU and packing height of 20cm. The effective height which causes maximum turbidity and coliform reduction is 90cm. According to the results, efficiency of the fine bed and coarse bed filter directly depends on outlet turbidity and operation of previous unit (sedimentation). The maximum and minimum operation times in fine bed were about 28 hours (NTU=2) and 14 hours (NTU=10) respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Isolation and molecular identification of the bacteria involved in removing phosphate from industrial wastewater
Seyed Hossein Hosseini Maryam Tabibi Hamidreza Pordeli Reza Najafpour Fatemeh Karimi Sajjad YazdansetadBackground and Objective: Phosphate is one of the most important contaminants entering recipient waters (rivers, lakes, and seas) by wastewater disposal and causative agent of eutrophication due to the enrichment of aquatic ecosystems. In bioremediation process, the pho MoreBackground and Objective: Phosphate is one of the most important contaminants entering recipient waters (rivers, lakes, and seas) by wastewater disposal and causative agent of eutrophication due to the enrichment of aquatic ecosystems. In bioremediation process, the phosphate-removing bacteria accumulate polyphosphate intracellularly and take it away from the environment. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the bacteria which remove phosphate from industrial wastewater. Method: In this study, phosphate-removing bacteria were isolated from wastewaters of Aq Qlala industrial park of Golestan province. The isolates were identified based on the creation of clear zone in the bacterial lawn, leading to phosphate removal on the specific agar plate Seperb. Finally, the isolates were identified by macroscopical, microscopical, biochemical, and molecular methods. Findings: In total, 3 out of 30 isolates had high ability in phosphate removal regarding their large clear zone on agar. Molecular identification of isolates by 16S rDNA typing method indicated that the isolates belong to the genera Brevundimonas, Ochrobactrum, Exiguobacterium. Conclusion: Variance analysis using SAS 9.2 software indicated a significant difference in phosphate removal by the isolates. The obtained results demonstrated that the isolates are highly efficient in phosphate removing from wastewater and they are suitable candidates for bioremediation along with other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Isolation and Evaluation of Meso-philic, Thermo-philic and SRBs Bacteria and Fungi Effective on the Effluent Wastewater in the Moulding Industrials
Mohammad Hossein Habibollahi Mohammad Kargar Abbasali Damangir Sara NabizadehIntroduction: Nowadays due to attention to progress of environmental laws and the importance of the wastewater purification, treatment and degradation of it have been considered as one of the important subjects. The purpose of this research is isolation and evaluation MoreIntroduction: Nowadays due to attention to progress of environmental laws and the importance of the wastewater purification, treatment and degradation of it have been considered as one of the important subjects. The purpose of this research is isolation and evaluation of aerobes and anaerobes microorganisms effective on oil wastewater. Materials and Methods: The specimens of this research were collected from effluent wastewater containing oil compounds of moulding unit of Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex. Mesophilic, Thermophilic and SRBs bacteria and fungus were isolated in special media. Then all of the colonies were evaluated for purpose of bio-surfactant production by emulsification tests and surface tension reduction by Tensio-meter in M.S.S medium. At last the effects of colonies with the emulsification power of 2.5–4 and surface tension reduction up to 9mN/m on wastewater structure were evaluated by HPLC chromatography. Result and Discussion: Only 15 Mesophilic bacteria of 104 isolated microorganisms have shown the most effect on the wastewater structure. Thermophilic and SRBs bacteria and fungus had insignificant effects on wastewater structure. With due results of this research, omitting heavy and organic compounds from wastewater aerobe and Mesophilic bacteria should be considered more effectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Ammonia removal from effluent using isolated native bacteria from Kermanshah Petrochemical Industries effluent
Mehdi Gowdini Hatam Godini Farhad SalimiBackground and purpose: Ammonia-Nitrogen is considered one of the environmental pollutants, these pollutants have high concentrations in petrochemical effluent specially, Ammonia and Urea plants. In this study, biological methods using native bacteria consertium isolate MoreBackground and purpose: Ammonia-Nitrogen is considered one of the environmental pollutants, these pollutants have high concentrations in petrochemical effluent specially, Ammonia and Urea plants. In this study, biological methods using native bacteria consertium isolated from petrochemical industry has been used for nitrate and ammonia removal. Methods: This study has been carreid out in batch mode and the effects of initial concentrations; pH and retention time has been investigated. The initial concentrations of 3×108 CFU/ml of nitrifier and denitrifier bacteria has been used. An initial ammonia and nitrate concentrations of 50-200 mg/l as well as the retention time 3-168 hours and also pH 5,6,7,8 and 9 were studied. Finding: The results showed that the native bacteria isoated from petrochemical industry with a population of 3×108 CFU/ml in pH 8 were able to remove ammonia and nitrate with a initial concentrations of 200 mg/l with 99.5% efficiency in a retention time 4 days for nitrifier, and 6 days for denitrifier bacteria. Discussion and conclusion: The isolated native bacteria had a powerful effect in the nitrification and denitrification processes, so effluent ammonia can be removed with high efficiency by isolated native bacteria, and needs for environmental standards can be applied for effluent discharge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Antibiotic Resistance in Isolated Negative Gram Bacteria From Intestinal Organ of Anzali Wetland Wild Common Carp
Shila Safaeian Zahra Moghaddam Hedayat Hosseiny Akbar EsmailiIntroduction: A research has been performed on antibiotics' resistance in negative gram bacteriaseparated of wild common carps intestinal organ.Material and Method: 126 negative Gram bacteria have been separated in total and resistancerate of bacteria in relation to 6 A MoreIntroduction: A research has been performed on antibiotics' resistance in negative gram bacteriaseparated of wild common carps intestinal organ.Material and Method: 126 negative Gram bacteria have been separated in total and resistancerate of bacteria in relation to 6 Antibiotics are measured: Ampicillin (10 microgram Am),Streptomycin (30 microgram S), Tetracycline (30 microgram T), Chloramphenicol (30 microgram C),Gentamycine (10 microgram GM), Amikacin (30 microgram AK).Results and Discussion: The results showed that negative Gram bacteria in comparison toantibiotic such as Ampicillin (93.5%), Streptomycin (51.15%), Tetracycline (46.5%) had higherresistance. So it showed that such bacteria’s resistance in comparison to Chloramphenicol (12.15%). isrelatively low and it showed loss of existence of resistance in negative Gram bacteria in comparison toGentamycine and Amikacin (0%).Surveying of the resistance rate of bacteria to some antibiotics show that 80% of separated bacteriafrom fish intestinal organ in comparison to consumption antibiotics are multi-resistance.Research shows that antibiotics consumption in animal is growing and more consumption ofantibiotics in environment could cause bioenvironmental problems such as resistance againstantibiotics. This research which was done for the first time in Anzali Wetland on Antibiotic resistancerate in negative Gram bacteria separated of wild common carp digestive system shows that negativegram system resistance against antibiotics in Anzali Wetland is high. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Microbial heterotrophic analysis of water network in Arak city and its correlation with MPN, water physicochemical parameters and pipe material
Fariba Fathi Mohammad ArjomandzadeganBackground and Objective: Providing safe and hygienic drinking water has an important effect on the health and well-being of society. This study aims to analyze microbial heterotrophy in the water network in Arak city and its correlation with physicochemical parameters MoreBackground and Objective: Providing safe and hygienic drinking water has an important effect on the health and well-being of society. This study aims to analyze microbial heterotrophy in the water network in Arak city and its correlation with physicochemical parameters and the material of water pipe network. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 500 sampls have been randomly prepared from the drinking water network in Arak city in a standard condition, and some variables as HPC, MPN, free residual chlorine, turbidity, PH and temperature have been measured. Findings: Evaluation of the results obtained through regression analysis has been performed. Based on the statistical analysis, HPC variables, MPN, PH and turbidity have a significant relationship with the place (P-Value <0.01). There is a direct, but not significant, relationship between HPC and temperature (P-Value <0.05), while free residual chlorine values reversely associate with HPC (P-Value <0.01). Application of Pour Plate and Spread Plate Method for determining the number of HPC bacteria showed that in most cases the Pour Plate Method super performs the Spread Plate Method. Identification of the bacteria isolated from positive HPC revealed that bacillus and Micrococcaceae family have the ability to be active in high chlorine condition. Discussion and Conclusion: Monitoring of HPC is necessary as an important variable and effective in the control of drinking water bacteriological quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Identification of cadmium resistant bacteria and evaluation of their resistance spectrum during quarterly monitoring on the Kor River
Sedigheh Abolahrar Farshid Kafilzadeh Mohammad KargarIntroduction: Kor River is a valuable ecologic area and source of water for the Bakhtegan Lake in Fars province, Iran. This river has been contaminated with various waste pollutants including agricultural, industrial, urban and rural. Cadmium is one of the common hazard MoreIntroduction: Kor River is a valuable ecologic area and source of water for the Bakhtegan Lake in Fars province, Iran. This river has been contaminated with various waste pollutants including agricultural, industrial, urban and rural. Cadmium is one of the common hazardous heavy metals entering the natural environments. This study mainly aimed at isolation and identification of the cadmium resistant bacteria, determining the resistance spectrum and investing the growth of opted bacteria against Cd. Additionally, physic-chemical and biological factors have been monitored quarterly. Materials and Methods: Samples were taken from five different stations at Dorudzan dam downstream to the mouth of the river to the Bakhtegan Lake since these areas are believed to contain more contaminants. Two sets of water and sediments samples were taken simultaneously to measure physic-chemical and biological factors and detection of cadmium resistant bacteria. More resistant bacteria were screening through MIC and MBC. Tow opted (G+ and G-) bacteria were studied in batch culture at three different containing harsh conditions by growth kinetic curve. Results: The presence of cadmium was found to be more dominant in sediments than the water. Serratia marcescens MT015 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ET017 showed maximum cadmium resistance up to six mille molar. P.aeruginosa ET017 and Bacillus OA017 represented proper growth in the harsh conditions. Discussion and Conclusion: The Kor River is a significant ecological area in Fars province, Iran where annual monitoring seems essential. Some indigenous bacteria in this river have represented high ability of cadmium resistance which enabling them to be exploited as valuable agents for bio-remediation in bio-filters and "in-situ" form for cadmium contaminated environments. No need of genetically manipulation and wide spectrum of study upon physicochemical, biological and bacterial assessing are advantages of our research. In compare to recent researches, our presented strains demonstrated more resistance to cadmium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Minimizing portfolio variance with the limitations of (L)
Mahdi Salehi Mahmoud Lari Dashtbayaz Narges MakhmalbafPortfolio selection process is one of the issues that have been of interest to many researchers. Various criteria involved in this process changed over time, and it is necessary to use optimal tools for making better decision. The purpose of this study is the optimal st MorePortfolio selection process is one of the issues that have been of interest to many researchers. Various criteria involved in this process changed over time, and it is necessary to use optimal tools for making better decision. The purpose of this study is the optimal stock portfolio selection using algorithm bacteria. For this reason monthly risk and return of 102 listed copmaies on the Thehran Stock Exchange from 2009-2013 has been studied. The results show that bacteria algorithm is able to select stock portfolio with using portfolio equation with L limitation. And also be stated that the optimal portfolio selection algorithm bacteria equation based on portfolio equation, mean-Variance model with Cardinal limits is better than on portfolio equation with with L limitation. L restrictions mean that there is no limit to the mentioned companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - حل دستگاه ازن مرتبه دوم ویژه توسط OHAM
صادق پورجعفر زینب آیتی محمود شفیعیسیانوباکتری ها (جلبک های سبز- آبی) مانند میکروسیستین، ندولارین ها ، ساکسی توکسین ها، آناتوکسین ها و سیلندروسپرموپسین عامل بیماری های خطرناک از طریق آب آشامیدنی هستند. یکی از این سموم میکروسیستین – ال آر است که وجود مقدار کمی از آن در آب آشامیدنی منجر به آسیب Moreسیانوباکتری ها (جلبک های سبز- آبی) مانند میکروسیستین، ندولارین ها ، ساکسی توکسین ها، آناتوکسین ها و سیلندروسپرموپسین عامل بیماری های خطرناک از طریق آب آشامیدنی هستند. یکی از این سموم میکروسیستین – ال آر است که وجود مقدار کمی از آن در آب آشامیدنی منجر به آسیب کبدی و سرطان شده، همچنین باعث صرف هزینه های بالای اجتماعی و بهداشتی می گردد. هر چند که سیانوباکتری ها در مقابل مواد ضد عفونی مقاوم هستند، اما نشان داده شده که ازن قابلیت بالایی در سم زدائی سیانوباکتری ها دارد. ازن محلول در آب به طور همزمان باعث ضد عفونی بیشتر و اکسیداسیون با OH رادیکال می گردد. در این مقاله، جواب دستگاه تجزیه مرتبۀ دوم ازن با OH رادیکال و میکروسیستین – ال آر بدون مواد آلی محلول (DOC) به دست آمد. نتیجه اینکه با کمترین هزینه و زمان، می توان با این مشکل مبارزه نمود. دستگاه دیفرانسیل مربوطه به روش هموتوپی مجانبی بهینه حل شد و نتایج حاصل با شکل بیان گردید. نشان داده شد که با مقدار کمی ازن و زمانی اندک، می توان مقدار زیادی از میکروسیستین – ال آر را صفر نمود. به این منظور اسیدیتۀ 2 ، 4 و 7 در حرارت 10 ، 20 و 30 درجۀ سانتیگراد بررسی گردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Biosensors Application in Analysis of Environmental contaminants from Agricultural Industries
Marzieh Hosseini Nezhad Saeed SamadiWater contamination and environmental pollution is considered as a main concern in global healthissues. Considering the large number of chemical and microbial contaminants released to theenvironment, in particular those from agricultural origin, effective tools of detec MoreWater contamination and environmental pollution is considered as a main concern in global healthissues. Considering the large number of chemical and microbial contaminants released to theenvironment, in particular those from agricultural origin, effective tools of detection are required forprevention of challenges involved in health and safety. Biosensors offer rapid and effective detectionoptions to control biological hazards. These are recognized as beneficial devices in providing accurate,sensitive and rapid analytical results in quantitative and qualitative detection of pollutants. This paperis summarizes the advances in development and application of biosensors for environmental analysisand quantification of contaminants initiated from agricultural procedures Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Determination of the Optimal Conditions for Bioremediation of Soil Total Pollutants Hydrocarbon
Maryam dostaky Soheila Ebrahimi Seyed Alireza Movahedi Naeini Mohsen OlamaeiEmission of hydrocarbon pollutants requires application of refining methods that is appropriate and compatible with environment to reduce or eliminate pollution. The use of microorganisms, capable of feeding oil hydrocarbons with focus on methods of bioremediation oil d MoreEmission of hydrocarbon pollutants requires application of refining methods that is appropriate and compatible with environment to reduce or eliminate pollution. The use of microorganisms, capable of feeding oil hydrocarbons with focus on methods of bioremediation oil decomposition was considered, and optimizing the growth conditions can increase their efficiency in refining. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal conditions for the stimulation of soil microorganisms and investigation of oil hydrocarbon decomposition potential. Hence, Ray's refinery contaminated soil was used and treatments including inoculation of bacteria's such as: Bacillus subtitles, Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas putida were applied on this soil during the five time and analysis of total soil hydrocarbons petroleum (38%) were compared with the treatments in different conditions. Results showed that on the first and second period, animal manure treatment, bacteria mixed by animal manure and sawdust had the highest rate of pollution reduction but treatments included N + P + K fertilizers showed higher efficiency in the third period. The establishment of bacterial and application of NPK nutrients caused the stimulation of soil microorganisms and increase in their population. Eventually In the fifth period, the establishment of microbial treatment caused 19% reduction in comparison with intact treatment that is highest reduction in this treatment. It appeared this treatment had maximum efficiency for the establishment and stability of microbial community over required time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Prevalence of bacterial contamination of cord blood stem cells units stored in cord blood bank of the Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Qom between 2012 to 2015
mohsen sheykhhasan maryam faraji mahdieh ghiasiBackground and Objectives: Umbilical cord blood has been used as a major source of hematopoietic stem cells to treat a variety of blood diseases. There is bacterial contamination risk during sampling from the umbilical cord and the processing related to it. The aim of t MoreBackground and Objectives: Umbilical cord blood has been used as a major source of hematopoietic stem cells to treat a variety of blood diseases. There is bacterial contamination risk during sampling from the umbilical cord and the processing related to it. The aim of this study was to determine the origin and type of bacterial contamination contaminated samples available in cord blood bank of the Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Qom.Materials and Methods: In this study, 370 units of cord blood were collected and examined for bacterial contamination. In order to identify the source of pollution, preparation and determination culture strains was carry out in both blood sampling and finally to storage levels. Results were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: A total of 370 cord blood units, 5 units had bacterial contamination. The number of units in phase 2 was positive for bacterial cultures and 3 blood samples were also positive after processing.Conclusions: In this study, the rates of bacterial infections were reported as 5% in both the blood sampling and the processing, and the majority of isolated bacteria were of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, however, due to the high value and importance of blood stem cell cord and the risk of septic transplantation, develop training programs in order to obtain a sterile preparation is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Evaluation of antioxidant properties of soxhlet extraction of Lavandula stoechas L.
Rohollah Hosseini nia fard Gholam Reza Najafi Manocheh FadaeianLavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is a medicinal plant with essence and belongs to mint family and natively grows in Iran. Its traditionally used for curing joint`s point, cramps, and cold. After recognition and gathering, the Lavender plant was dried in good conditions MoreLavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is a medicinal plant with essence and belongs to mint family and natively grows in Iran. Its traditionally used for curing joint`s point, cramps, and cold. After recognition and gathering, the Lavender plant was dried in good conditions. After that, using the Soxhlet machine, water solvents, Hexane, and solution of water and ethanol the essence was extracted. After condensing the essence with rotary machine, Spectrophotometer, and finally with GC-MS machine, it was studied and analyzed. In the Hexane extract of the plant Decane, Dodecane, Camphore, Tetradecane, 3-Methylnonane , and 1,8 Cineol had the maximum percentage respectively. Antioxidant activity evaluation with DPPH method showed that the blue extract had the most sensitivity. nce was extracted. After condensing the essence with rotary machine, Spectrophotometer, and finally with GC-MS machine, it was studied and analyzed. In the Hexane extract of the plant Decane, Dodecane, Camphore, Tetradecane, 3-Methylnonane , and 1,8 Cineol had the maximum percentage respectively. Antioxidant activity evaluation with DPPH method showed that the blue extract had the most sensitivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Identification of arsenic contamination from underground mine area, Sirjan, and removing them by biological absorption method
zahra ranjbar seyed mansour meybodi zahra masoumalinejad mohammad reza zinatizadehBackground and Objectives: Heavy metals causing the pollution of environment through industrial activities. biological methods have been used to remove toxic element that compared to other methods are promising technologies with higher efficiency and lower cost. The aim MoreBackground and Objectives: Heavy metals causing the pollution of environment through industrial activities. biological methods have been used to remove toxic element that compared to other methods are promising technologies with higher efficiency and lower cost. The aim of this study was to isolate strains with high tolerance to arsenic from 3 area of groundwater Sirjan. Materials and methods: were cultured on LB agar medium containing 5ppm arsenic. After 24h incubation, 25 colonies of resistant strains were isolated. DNA was extracted by using phenol chloroform method and contaminated samples were examined by PCR reaction. In order to detect microorganisms by molecular methods , 16SrDNA primers were used. Amount of growth was determined by spectrophotometry at 600 nm in 24h. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and biosorption analysis was performed by method of antibiogram and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The strain was identified by 16SrDNA PCR sequencing. Results and Conclusion: From 100% of bacterial isolates in this study were 20% gram positive, 40% gram negative bacilli, 28% gram positive cocci and12% Gram negative spiral. Genetic analysis results for the basil sample showed that the strain was 100% consistent with the Bacillus Cereus strain LS24. The dominant strain had a minimum inhibitory concentration just 1000 ppm at a temperature of 40°C, pH 7 and 150 rpm. This bacterium was removed 62.8% of arsenic from the solution. Superior strain was Bacillus cereus LS24 by biochemical and genetic methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Evaluation of antibacterial properties of linen fibers coated with Zinc Oxide nanocomposite on resistant bacterials caused by Urinary Tract Infections.
mahdiye sadat tayebi monir doudi nasrin talebianIntroduction: Urinary tract infection as one of the most common bacterial infections is known as a second cause of infection. However, sensitivity to a various health hygiene pads in children and Easy Life in elderly as well as poor sanitation can make people susceptibl MoreIntroduction: Urinary tract infection as one of the most common bacterial infections is known as a second cause of infection. However, sensitivity to a various health hygiene pads in children and Easy Life in elderly as well as poor sanitation can make people susceptible to infections of the urinary tract. For this reason, antibacterial textiles used in the preparation of health and medical textiles can deal with infections especially urinary tract infections effectively. Material and methods: First, the 550 clinical isolates were collected from several hospitals and laboratories in Shahreza city, among which, 100 bacterial isolates were positive and resistant to several antibiotics. Then the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were established by using sol-gel method and under ultrasonic irradiation on linen bandages. Antibacterial activity of nano-fibers bacteria samples, based on zinc oxide by disk diffusion method in agar were assessed. Results and Conclusion: According to the results of nanofibers of zinc oxide have more antibacterial properties against gram-positive bacteria, causing urinary tract infections compared with negatives ones. It is hoped that the fibers introduced in this study in the future after the tests (in-situ) will be able to provide clothes for patients and personnel, gloves and surgical masks, and most importantly suture yarns, bandages, wound dressing and sanitary napkins should be used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Identification of arsenic contamination from underground mine area, Sirjan, and removing them by biological absorption method
zahra ranjbar seyed mansour meybodiBackground and Objectives: Heavy metals causing the pollution of environment through industrial activities. biological methods have been used to remove toxic element that compared to other methods are promising technologies with higher efficiency and lower cost. The aim MoreBackground and Objectives: Heavy metals causing the pollution of environment through industrial activities. biological methods have been used to remove toxic element that compared to other methods are promising technologies with higher efficiency and lower cost. The aim of this study was to isolate strains with high tolerance to arsenic from 3 area of groundwater Sirjan. Materials and methods: were cultured on LB agar medium containing 5ppm arsenic. After 24h incubation, 25 colonies of resistant strains were isolated. DNA was extracted by using phenol chloroform method and contaminated samples were examined by PCR reaction. In order to detect microorganisms by molecular methods , 16SrDNA primers were used. Amount of growth was determined by spectrophotometry at 600 nm in 24h. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and biosorption analysis was performed by method of antibiogram and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The strain was identified by 16SrDNA PCR sequencing. Results and Conclusion: From 100% of bacterial isolates in this study were 20% gram positive, 40% gram negative bacilli, 28% gram positive cocci and12% Gram negative spiral. Genetic analysis results for the basil sample showed that the strain was 100% consistent with the Bacillus Cereus strain LS24. The dominant strain had a minimum inhibitory concentration just 1000 ppm at a temperature of 40°C, pH 7 and 150 rpm. This bacterium was removed 62.8% of arsenic from the solution. Superior strain was Bacillus cereus LS24 by biochemical and genetic methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Determination of bacterial contamination and evaluation of their antibiotic resistance in different parts of the Hazrat Masoumeh hospital in Qom City
maryam sadeghi Seyed Soheil AghaiiAbstract:Currently, microbial contamination in different parts of hospitals with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance are the most important factors in the prevalence of nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to isolate and ide MoreAbstract:Currently, microbial contamination in different parts of hospitals with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance are the most important factors in the prevalence of nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify contaminating bacteria in medical and non-medical equipment in Hazrate Masoumeh hospital Qom city (May-August2017). Methods: Sampling was done from oncology, infectious, ICU and NICU sections using sterile swabs and transfer in BHI broth. Then collected samples were streaked on Nutrient agar and incubated at 37° C for 24 h .The isolates were identified with phenotypic and biochemical standard tests. Antibiotic resistance of isolates was performed using agar disk diffusion method due to CLSI standards. Result: Out of 84 samples, 77 samples had bacterial contamination and 127 strains were isolated. The prevalence of bacterial isolates were Bacillus subtilis (18.59%), Bacillus cereus (13.18%), Pseudomonas (11.63%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis(11.62%) and Corynebacterium sp. (10.55%), respectively. Among of isolated strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, had more than antibiotic resistance. The most antibiotic resistance was obtained for penicillin. The most isolates were sensitive to Amikacin ، Gentamycin، Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens with multi drug resistant characteristic in nosocomial infections and hospital contamination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Study of antioxidan and antimicrobial effects of aqueous and alcoholic extract of plant ( Lawsonia inermis, punica granatum, walnut, Myrtus) on gram positive and gram negative bacteria
simin khosravi zahra rezayatmand mozhgan ghiasianRecently , due to the resistance of bacterial pathogens to the detection of new antimicrobials, much attention has been paid. In the present study, the antimicrobial properties of four extracts of leafy leafy leaves, henna leaves, walnut shells and pomegranate peel on t MoreRecently , due to the resistance of bacterial pathogens to the detection of new antimicrobials, much attention has been paid. In the present study, the antimicrobial properties of four extracts of leafy leafy leaves, henna leaves, walnut shells and pomegranate peel on three gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, and two gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied. it placed. Antimicrobial effect of the alcoholic and aqueous extract of these plants was studied by diffusion and well discarding method by measuring the non-growth aura's diameter and the minimum inhibitory concentration was investigated by ELISA method. The results show that in two methods, diffusion discs and wells in alcoholic and aqueous extracts have the highest effect on Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterium and have the least effect on E. coli bacteria. The minimum amount of MIC for alcoholic extract is 31.25 and MBC 54.25 mg / ml, which is related to Escherichia coli bacteria. The results measurements of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins also indicate that the highest amount of this product is in the concentration of 500 mg / ml of the extract of plants. Also, the amount of antioxidant activity in the alcoholic extract is about twice as much as the aqueous extract. The results of this study indicate that the combination of extracts of plants, especially alcoholic extract, has a more antibacterial effect than the aqueous extract, which can be due to the presence of more antibacterial compounds in the extract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Identification and Pattern of Antibiotic Bacterial Sensitivity and Resistance in Patients in the Nekoi Hospital of Gom City in 1395
mohammad Dakhili Mansorah hodaeiIntroduction: Burns are one of the most devastating types of injuries and wounds considered. Aware of the bacterial agents and antibiotic resistance an important role in the prevention and treatment of its accurate and timely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the p MoreIntroduction: Burns are one of the most devastating types of injuries and wounds considered. Aware of the bacterial agents and antibiotic resistance an important role in the prevention and treatment of its accurate and timely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and susceptibility pattern of burn wound infections in patients admitted to hospital burn the goodness of Qom province. Methods: In a descriptive study, sampling of 100 patients admitted to hospital burn Nekuei of Qom over a period of 5 months old. Identification of microorganisms using biochemical tests were conducted according to existing standards.tyyn antibiotic-resistance patterns of isolates was performed using disk diffusion method. Results: In this study of 100 samples taken, 62% of men and 38 percent of women were reported. 70 per cent of the samples had positive culture Pseudomonas aeruginosa was reported as the most common infection with 31% abundance. Staphylococcus aureus (15.5%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (11.62%) and Enterococcus faecalis (7.75%) were reported in the following ranks. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of infection in burn wounds needs new strategies in order to control the distribution of infectious agents as well as the treatment of this condition.in survey, the most effective antibiotic to treat infections after burn amikacin and gentamicin is known. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Identification and Enzymatic Characterization of Hyperhalophilic Bacteria Isolates from Howz Soltan Lake
Fahimeh MahmoudniaIntroduction: The study of microorganisms in specific regions with specific characteristics has long been important. Howz Soltan is a salt lake in the central desert zone of Iran, which is considered as an area of great salinity. The present study was conducted to isola MoreIntroduction: The study of microorganisms in specific regions with specific characteristics has long been important. Howz Soltan is a salt lake in the central desert zone of Iran, which is considered as an area of great salinity. The present study was conducted to isolate halophilic bacteria from Howz Soltan lake in order to achieve maximum information concerning to microbial diversity of the lake.Material and methods: For this purpose, samples were collected from five regions. Then the samples were diluted and cultivated on Molten haloid agar with different salt concentrations (5-35%). The plates were incubated at 37ºC in aerobic conditions. Biochemical characterizations, utilization of carbon sources and production of exoenzymes were investigated.Results: In total 205 different colonies were grew on medium with 5-35% salt concentrations. Of all isolates 18 strains were grew on medium with 15-35% salt concentrations. These strains were considered extreme halophilic bacteria and the rest were halotolerant and moderate halophilic bacteria. The results obtained from microscopic analysis of the isolates indicated that 178 isolates were gram positive bacilli, cocci and filamentous and 27 isolates were gram negative with bacilli shape. Phenotypic identification recognized that the isolated strains of extreme halophilic bacteria were Halobacterium ,Haloarcula ,Halorubrum and Halococcus. In addition, enzyme production assay of these strains showed some of them have capability to produce different enzymes viz., amylase, lipase, protease, DNase, urease, xylanase and gelatinase. Conclusion: In general, our finding showed the huge diversity of halophilic bacteria in Howz Soltan lake. Furthermore, these bacteria could be considered as sources of halotolerant enzymes in different industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The effects of vegetative and generative shoots of Ajuga Chamaecistus, A. austro-iranica against some bactria and fungi strains
Farkhondeh Rezanejad Sedigheh MehrabianObjectives: Study of antimicrobial effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of vegetative and reproductive structures of A. Chamaecistus and A. austro-iranica on several fungi and bacteria Materials and Methods: Aquatic and methanolic extracts prepared from Ajuga Cham MoreObjectives: Study of antimicrobial effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of vegetative and reproductive structures of A. Chamaecistus and A. austro-iranica on several fungi and bacteria Materials and Methods: Aquatic and methanolic extracts prepared from Ajuga Chamaecistus, A. austro-iranica were tested for antibacterial activity against gram positive (Satphyloccocus aureous and Streptococus pyogenes) and gram negative (Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Proteus vulgaris) bacteria and Aspergillus niger and fusarium solani. The vegetative and generative shoots of plants were powdered, sterilized, and extracted at 4°C with methanol and water. The concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mgml-1 of methanolic and aquatic extracts were used to detect the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). All experiments were tested three times. The antibacterial effects were evaluated using the cup-plate and antifugal activity using cup-plate and pour plate Results: The antibacterial effect of aqueous extracts showed that only the leaf extract (vegetative extract) of A. chamaecistus is effective on S. aureus showing that in gram-negative bacteria, the presence of a lipopolysaccharide wall causes greater resistance. Methanolic extracts of both species were more active than aqueous extracts and had antimicrobial effects on all tested bacteria as well as A. niger. In both species, the extracts of the generative parts showed a stronger antifungal effect. In different species of this genus, the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins and terpenoids that have antimicrobial properties confirms the antimicrobial properties of this species. However, the amount of their effect depends on plant and microbe species, the tested parts (plant organs), the extracts concentration, the sampling season, the sample age and soil type. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Identification of a new lactoferrin-derived peptide isolated from camel milk with potential antimicrobial activity
Elnaz Khajeh Majid Jamshidian Mojaver Mohsen Naeemipour Hamidreza FarzinIntroduction: The increasing microbial resistance to existing antibiotics has increased the interest in novel antimicrobial compounds. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an attractive alternative to classical antibiotics.Milk contains a lot of proteins, some of whi MoreIntroduction: The increasing microbial resistance to existing antibiotics has increased the interest in novel antimicrobial compounds. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an attractive alternative to classical antibiotics.Milk contains a lot of proteins, some of which have received a lot of attention, such as lactoferrin, which has antibacterial activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of a lactoferrin-derived peptide isolated from camel milk against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, Acinetobacter baumannii. Materials and methods: In the present study, antibacterial peptides in milk lactoferrin were identified using bioinformatics tools. Trypsin I peptide was synthesized. Then, the toxicity of the peptide on the cell line was investigated by the MTT method. The antibacterial properties of trypsin I was evaluated on four pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and, Streptococcus pyogenes. Results: The results showed that the peptides had no lethal effect on the cell line tested. The MIC results of trypsin peptide for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and, Streptococcus pyogenes were 7.81, 15.62, 125 and 250, respectively. Conclusion: Antimicrobial peptides have received much attention in recent decades due to their appropriate properties and characteristics such as rapid lethality, a wide range of activity and, also the rare development of cases of drug resistance. According to the observed results of this study, the antibacterial properties of the compounds isolated from this study can be a good alternative to replacement with common antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Evaluation of trans-glutaminase enzyme production in native Streptomyces isolated from agricultural soils of Qom province
Somayeh Bahri Soheil Aghaei Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Razavian Faezeh KabiriPurpose: Transglutaminase enzyme is a type of protease enzyme of acyltransferase type, the bonds formed by this enzyme cause strength and stability in the products of various industries. Actinobacteria have biotechnological applications due to their ability to produce s MorePurpose: Transglutaminase enzyme is a type of protease enzyme of acyltransferase type, the bonds formed by this enzyme cause strength and stability in the products of various industries. Actinobacteria have biotechnological applications due to their ability to produce secondary metabolites and enzymes. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and screening trans-glutaminase-producing actinobacterial strains from the soils of the rhizosphere area of native medicinal plants in Qom province.Materials and Methods: In this research, 100 samples of soil from agricultural fields in Qom province were collected in completely sterile conditions and after preparing successive dilutions, they were cultured on ISP3 agar culture medium. Actinobacterial isolates were screened by transglutaminase enzyme specific identifier. Environmental factors including culture medium and shaker cycle were optimized on isolate growth and enzyme production. In order to identify and investigate the phylogeny of actinobacterial isolates, phenotypic and molecular methods were used.Findings: Out of 40 actinobacterial isolates, 5 strains showed the ability to produce the enzyme, based on the halo of color change by the specific substrate N-Carbobenzoxy (CBZ). The selected isolate with the highest amount of enzyme production, in terms of 16S rRNA gene synonymy, was similar to Streptomyces genus.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Streptomyces isolate native to agricultural soils of Qom province has a significant ability to produce transglutaminase enzyme, which was studied for the first time. This isolate can be used in various food and pharmaceutical industries to produce transglutaminase enzyme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Identification of soil actinomycetes and their effects in olive (Olea europea L.) variety Conservalia
Parvin Bagheri Farah Farahani soheil AghaeiObjective: Actinomycetes are useful for biocontrol against soil fungi and increase seed growth, plant weight and yield in some crops. In this study, the isolation, identification and investigation of the population of Streptomyces species in the agricultural soil of C B MoreObjective: Actinomycetes are useful for biocontrol against soil fungi and increase seed growth, plant weight and yield in some crops. In this study, the isolation, identification and investigation of the population of Streptomyces species in the agricultural soil of C Bagh Fadak area and the effect on the seed growth of olive (Olea europea L.) cultivar Conservalia were investigated. Materials and methods: In this study, actinomycetes were isolated from the soil of region C, then primary screening, culture and secondary screening were done by diffusion in agar and DNA extraction and the effect on seed growth of conservalia cultivar olives. DNA molecular identification was done for all the isolates andtheir rRNA 16s genes were amplified by PCR reaction and the positive samples were sequenced. The results of phylogenetic analyzes of all recorded sequences of this gene were downloaded from the NCBI database and saved for phylogenetic analysis with Mega 7 software in FAST A format. The whole sequence of isolating, identifying and checking the population of Streptomyces species was entered into the software. Findings: 40 actinomycete bacteria were isolated from the soil of area C of Fadak garden. By performing specific tests, Streptomyces isolates were identified. Biochemical and morphological tests (stringy and white appearance) on 5 isolates confirmed the presence of streptomycetes. By producing auxin, the isolates were effective in increasing the rooting of Conservalia cultivar olive seeds. The rooting capacity of Streptomyces isolate D was statistically significant (probability level 0.05). Conclusion: Streptomyces of agricultural soils are effective on tree rooting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Antibacterial effects of Aspergillus crude metabolite isolated from citrus on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 13813)
Azam Ghrbannia Delavar Sayed Benyamin Momeni Sayed Masoud Hashemi Karoii Issa Gholampour aziziObjective: Discovering species of microorganisms that have antimicrobial effects opened a new window to fight against microorganisms. Aspergillus fungus is one of these microorganisms that is very effective in fighting against pathogenic microbes. All species of Aspergi MoreObjective: Discovering species of microorganisms that have antimicrobial effects opened a new window to fight against microorganisms. Aspergillus fungus is one of these microorganisms that is very effective in fighting against pathogenic microbes. All species of Aspergillus do not have appropriate and similar antimicrobial effects, and it is important to identify and isolate species with antimicrobial effects.Materials and methods: In this research, moldy citrus fruits were sampled and Aspergillus was isolated and identified from them. 3 species of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger isolate 1 and Aspergillus niger isolate 2 were isolated. After that, the crude metabolites of these molds were prepared in the liquid culture medium of Sabro dextrose broth in Shikardar incubator. Finally, the effect of these metabolites on Staphylococcus aureus was done on this bacterium through disc diffusion by determining the diameter of the growth inhibition halo of each of these metabolites, and then MIC and MBC were calculated.Findings: The average MIC of Aspergillus flavus metabolite on Staphylococcus aureus was calculated to be 208.33 μl/ml and its average MBC on this bacterium was 416.66 μl/ml. The average MIC of Aspergillus niger metabolite on Staphylococcus aureus was calculated to be 166.66 μl/ml and its average MBC was determined to be 333.33 μl/ml. Around the disks with 150, 165 and 180 microliters of Aspergillus niger metabolite, the average diameter of growth inhibition halo was 8, 8 and 8.33 mm, respectively.Conclusion: The metabolite of each Aspergillus produces different effects in preventing the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Comprehensive study of microbial contamination of drinking water in Mashhad
Farahnaz Molavi Ali Qaraee Najafabadi Negar Azani Zeinab Javanshir Mohadese Eslahi AmirHosein Alizade Faeze Gholami BaharObjective: Mashhad is the most important city in the country due to its tourist and pilgrimage attractions, and ensuring the safety of its drinking water is very important, especially for travelers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbial quality o MoreObjective: Mashhad is the most important city in the country due to its tourist and pilgrimage attractions, and ensuring the safety of its drinking water is very important, especially for travelers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbial quality of drinking water in MashhadMaterials and methods: This is a field research and a cross-sectional study. Sampling locations were determined by systematic sampling method. The drinking water of 15 selected stations was studied during 10 months from February 2019 to the end of December 2011. Each station was sampled 4 times in 4 different seasons. The samples were studied in three parts of bacterial, fungal and protozoan contamination assessment, according to existing standards.Findings: The microbial quality of Mashhad's drinking water supply sources was very favorable in terms of total and faecal coliform contamination and was in line with the national standard. From a total of 220 fungal colonies grown, 7 different genera of fungi were identified. In general, the average CFU of isolated fungi for samplesper 100 ml of water was 6.2.The most common isolated fungus was Aspergillus (40.45%) and the least isolated colony was related to Fusarium (1.3%). No samples of protozoans or cysts related to protozoans were observed in any station.Conclusion: According to the guidelines of the World Health Organization in 2006 for evaluating the microbial health of water, the drinking water quality of Mashhad was in accordance with the national standard. Mashhad's drinking water also contains various fungi. Therefore, it is suggested that in the regular monitoring of the urban water system in terms of microbial contamination, fungi should also be investigated as one of the important microorganisms. Regarding contamination with protozoa, no contamination was observed. In order to maintain the desirability of drinking water in Mashhad city, it is suggested that the water and sewage company continuously monitor the quality of drinking water sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Examining the frequency and role of ompk35 and ompk36 genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with multidrug resistance
Yousef Alikhani Mohammad Reza Mehrabi Mohsen Mirzaei Reza YariObjective: Increasing antimicrobial resistance in thermonegative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family has become a global problem. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a thermonegative opportunistic pathogen that has been considered in causing a wide range of diseases and anti MoreObjective: Increasing antimicrobial resistance in thermonegative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family has become a global problem. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a thermonegative opportunistic pathogen that has been considered in causing a wide range of diseases and antibiotic resistance due to its various resistance mechanisms. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the presence and role of ompK35 and ompK36 genes in isolates of K. Pneumonia is resistant to several drugs. Materials and methods: 96 isolates were collected from patients referred to hospitals in Borujerd city in 2019 and were identified using differential tests. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by disk diffusion method and identification of ompK35 and ompK36 genes using PCR. Findings: 82.12% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin antibiotic. The most effective antibiotic was gentamicin with resistance rate (38.9%). 28 isolates had multidrug resistance. ompK35 gene in 12.5% of K. pneumoniae and ompK36 gene were observed in 11.45% of clinical isolates. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the absence of ompK35 and ompK36 genes plays a role in creating resistance to all kinds of antibiotics and it is necessary to pay attention to this issue in choosing antibiotics to treat and eliminate these isolates. Isolates lacking omk36 were more resistant to the studied antibiotics, especially gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, than isolates lacking ompk35 (P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Isolation and identification of endophytic bacteria from alfalfa roots and their antimicrobial effects on human pathogens
Fatemeh Mangelian Zahra MasoumAlinejadObjectives: alfalfa with the scientific name Medicago sativa is the most important fodder plant in Iran and many parts of the world. This plant is known as the queen of fodder plants due to its high nutritional value and the possibility of planting in different climates MoreObjectives: alfalfa with the scientific name Medicago sativa is the most important fodder plant in Iran and many parts of the world. This plant is known as the queen of fodder plants due to its high nutritional value and the possibility of planting in different climates. The aim of the current research is to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria from alfalfa roots and investigate their antagonistic effects on human pathogenic bacteria.Materials and methods: The sterilized alfalfa root pieces, after being crushed, were cultured in Tyoglycollate Broth and Muller Hinton Broth liquid culture media for enrichment. After liquid cultures, culture was done on Muller Hinton agar, eosin methylene blue and McConkey agar. Endophytic bacteria were identified by gram staining method and biochemical tests. The antagonistic activity of isolated bacteria was investigated by steric crossing and bilayer methods. From the bacteria with antagonistic effects, DNA extraction was performed and with the use of universal primer, 16SrRNA gene was amplified. The PCR product was sequenced and a phylogeny tree was drawn.Findings: The results showed that alfalfa endophyte bacteria had antagonistic activity and finally, two endophytes were investigated in terms of molecular identity, which belonged to Enterobacter and Pseudomonas genera.Conclusions: Based on the results, endophytic bacteria have a great diversity and significant antibacterial effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Investigating the essential oil of the medicinal plant Thymus (Thymus vulgaris L.) in the production of probiotic dairy products by determining the viability of bacteria
farah farahani Alireza Tammimi Mohammad Reza Khatami nejadPurpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the essential oil of the medicinal plant Thymus vulgaris L. in the production of probiotic dairy products by determining the viability. Materials and methods: Thyme essential oil is used as a flavoring agent MorePurpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the essential oil of the medicinal plant Thymus vulgaris L. in the production of probiotic dairy products by determining the viability. Materials and methods: Thyme essential oil is used as a flavoring agent in the production of traditional and industrial dairy products (yogurt, buttermilk, and curd). To produce probiotic products and pasteurized dairy products, bacteria are inoculated and different concentrations of thyme essential oil (0, 25, 40, 70, 100 and 130 micrograms/ liter) are added to dairy products. The viability of bacteria in dairy products is checked at specific time intervals (0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 days). Findings: By increasing the concentration of thyme in traditional and industrial dairy products, there is a significant decrease in the logarithm of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bacteria (P<0.05). The highest viability of bacteria was observed with low concentrations of thyme in traditional yogurt, and with moderate amounts of essential oil in buttermilk and traditional curd, within 20 days. The highest viability of bacteria is in yogurt and industrial butter with high concentration and in industrial curd with a decrease in the amount of essential oil. The highest viability of Bifidobacterium bacteria is found with high concentrations of thyme in yogurt, buttermilk and traditional curd (P<0.05), also with low concentrations of thyme in industrial yogurt and buttermilk, and with high concentrations in industrial curd. Conclusion: In industrial dairy products with thyme, the viability of Bifidobacterium bacteria is longer, and in traditional dairy products, the shelf life of Lactobacillus bacteria is longer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - مطالعه اثربخشی برقراری جریان الکتریسیته در حذف آلودگی باکتریهای کلیفرمیک از آب رودخانه شهرچای ارومیه
aysan rezanezhad Zahra Gholamhoseini nima rostamiPurpose: Water disinfection is one of the most important stages of water purification in terms of ensuring the health of consumers. Although common methods in drinking water purification can effectively control microbial factors, the formation of disinfection byproducts MorePurpose: Water disinfection is one of the most important stages of water purification in terms of ensuring the health of consumers. Although common methods in drinking water purification can effectively control microbial factors, the formation of disinfection byproducts has made the process of using these methods a challenge. On the other hand, physical and chemical disinfectants are often limited due to their low efficiency, high price and production of toxic products. In the meantime, one of the methods that has been in the spotlight and developed a lot in recent years is the use of electricity to remove biological pollutants from water. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to study and evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the method of establishing the current of electricity in removing the coliform bacteria population in the Shahrchai River of Urmia. Materials and methods: The present research, which is descriptive-cross-sectional, started in a period of six months from February 2018 and continued until July 2019. The water sampling process of Shahrchai River in Urmia was carried out from two stations at the entrance of the No. 1 treatment plant and at the entrance of the Golshahr treatment plant, and the samples were transferred to the laboratory within 2 to 4 hours, and the presence of coliform bacteria was studied and measured by the MPN method. Then, in order to perform the electrolysis test, an electrochemical reactor with a voltage of 220 volts consisting of two electrodes made of iron and aluminum was prepared and the electric current was established for 10, 20, 30 and 70 minutes. Next, the data results were analyzed by SPSS version 21 software. Findings: The results show that the efficiency of coliform bacteria population removal depends on the pollutant source, duration, current intensity and type of electrodes. According to the results, the slope of the curve of changes in the amount of microbial contamination of the samples that were subjected to a constant current of 220 volts for 20 minutes showed a significant decrease. So that the microbial load of most samples was reduced by 50%. Therefore, it can be said that the removal efficiency has a direct relationship with the increase in time, and with the increase in the duration of the electric current in the samples, the removal rate of coliform bacteria also increases significantly. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, the use of the process of establishing the current of electricity is suggested as a suitable method with high efficiency and also compatible with the environment in water disinfection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Synthesis, Spectral, Biological and Theoretical Investigation of Some New Sn (IV) Complexes with Schiff Base Ligands Containing NNOS Coordination Sphere
Sheida Esmaielzadeh -
Open Access Article
78 - Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Antibacterial Evaluation of Di-μ-chlorido-bis({2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)- iminomethyl]pyridine-κ2N,N']Mercury(II)
Behzad Jamali Aghbash Mahboubeh Manoochehri Maryam Daghighi Asli -
Open Access Article
79 - Synthesis and Evaluation of Fatty Hydrazides Based on Schiff Bases from Oil Processing Industries Byproducts
D.S. Patel S. D. Toliwal J. V. Patel K. Jadav A. Gupte Y. Patel -
Open Access Article
80 - Investigation on Durability of Copper Nano Particles on Cotton Fiber
Shirin Nourbakhsh Shiva Iranfar -
Open Access Article
81 - Synthesis and Screening of Some New Isatin Containing Thiazole Derivatives for Antimicrobial Activity
Suman Adhikari S. B. Bari A. Samanta -
Open Access Article
82 - Instantaneous Green Synthesis of Zerovalent Iron Nanoparticles by Thuja orientalis Extract and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Properties
Masumeh Noruzi Maryam Mousivand -
Open Access Article
83 - Synthesis, characterization, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of a heptadentate N4O3-type Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes
Roya Ranjineh Khojasteh Sara Jalali Matin -
Open Access Article
84 - Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Some Thiocyanato Bridged Heteronuclear Complexes of Nickel
Mohammad Nasir Uddin Tania Sultana Rupa -
Open Access Article
85 - Investigation of the Drug Delivery Potential of a Transdermal Patch Based on Buprenorphine Templated Molecular Imprinted Polymer
Nasrin Behnia Parviz Aberoomand Azar Maryam Shekarchi Mohammad Saber Tehrani Noushin Adib -
Open Access Article
86 - Antimicrobial Modified-Tragacanth Gum/Acrylic Acid Hydrogels for the Controlled Release of Quercetin
Javid Monjezi Rezvan Jamaledin -
Open Access Article
87 - Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Effects of TiO2-Grafted Cellulose Nanocomposite
Zari Fallah Hossein Nasr Isfahani Mahmood Tajbakhsh Mojtaba Mohseni Hamed Tashakkorian Abdoliman Amouei Ebrahim Zabihi Zeinab Abedian -
Open Access Article
88 - Antibacterial activity of Butia odorata extracts against pathogenic bacteria
Darla Maia Bianca Aranha Fabio Chaves Wladimir Silva -
Open Access Article
89 - Green waste: A fresh approach to antimicrobial compounds
Ruchita Haldar Suresh Kumar Manukonda -
Open Access Article
90 - Phytochemical analysis and screening of antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil of Premna mucronata Roxb. leaves
Diksha Palariya Anmol Singh Anamika Dhami Anil K. Pant Ravendra Kumar Om Prakash -
Open Access Article
91 - Chemical composition of Leplaea mayombensis (Pellegrin) Staner
Djeukeu Charlie Hermine Laure Djomkam Maza Kenmogne Ariane Sewald Norbert Wansi Duplex Vardamides Catherine -
Open Access Article
92 - Combined effect of essential oils from Clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and Lemon peel (Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck) on anti-bacterial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities
Walid Yeddes Islem Mejri Taycir Grati Affes Saber Khammassi Majdi Hammami Wissem Aidi-Wannes Moufida Saidani Tounsi -
Open Access Article
93 - HPLC profile, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-proliferative activity of aerial parts of Ferula ovina (Boiss.) Boiss.
Mohamad Hassan Mohamadi Behnam Mahdavi Esmaeil Rezaei-Seresht Sahar Riahi-Farsani Nazanin Entezari -
Open Access Article
94 - Siparuna Aublet genus (Siparunaceae): from folk medicine to chemical composition and biological activity
Ingrede Silva Fernando Oliveira Rosilene Oliveira -
Open Access Article
95 - Chemical composition, biological activities, and nutritional application of Asteraceae family herbs: A systematic review
Masoud Kazeminia Ali Mehrabi Razzagh Mahmoudi -
Open Access Article
96 - HPLC analysis, phytochemical screening, in-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Annona muricata L. fruit extracts
Sathiyavani Prakasa Vasantha Srinivasan Gurusaravanan Packiaraj -
Open Access Article
97 - Effect of secondary metabolite compounds of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss plant on synthesis of Cu nanoparticles
Malihe Samadi Kazemi Zohre ImaniMedicinal plants are a rich source of secondary metabolite. In the present research, the dried aerial parts of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss were extracted by digestion method. Copper nanoparticles were synthesized from the combination of the extract with copper chloride MoreMedicinal plants are a rich source of secondary metabolite. In the present research, the dried aerial parts of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss were extracted by digestion method. Copper nanoparticles were synthesized from the combination of the extract with copper chloride solution at a ratio of 1:4. The characteristics of copper nanoparticles by ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X- ray spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were analyzed. The SEM analysis predicted the size of copper nanoparticles to be 63.28 nm. The EDS spectrum confirmed the presence of copper nanoparticles. BET analysis predicted mesoporous structure of copper nanoparticles. Thirty-three (31) compounds in the essential oil of plant identified, which constituted 99.7% of the essential oil and 8 major compounds were perillaacetate (49.0 %), 2-methyl-1-octen-3-yne (17.2%), D-limonene (15.0%), 1,8-cineole (5.2%), trans-alpha-ocimene (2.4%), p-mentha-1(7),8(10)-dien-9-ol (1.1%), sabinene (1.4%) and 4-terpineol (1.5%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Bioactivity of essential oil from Hertia cheirifolia L. flowers in the control of bacteria
Kaouther Majouli Abderraouf Kenani -
Open Access Article
99 - Evaluation of some medicinal plants for anti-tuberculosis activity from Adamawa state, Nigeria
Mohammed Shagal Hassan Dimas Kubmarawa Peters Oladosu Sunday Akuewanbhor Osemeahon -
Open Access Article
100 - Transmission Expansion Planning Using Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm
Mehdi Tabasi Hosein Shaddel -
Open Access Article
101 - Investigating the Effect of Changing the Distance between Nanomachines on Increasing the Efficiency of Message Delivery Using Chemotaxis and Network Connectivity Nano Communicative Bacteria
Tayebe raiesi ardali vahid satari naeini javad mohammadzadehIntroduction: Nanomolecular network is used as a new connection pattern in nanomachines. These connections are possible using biological components in the environment. The molecular communications have important drawbacks, such as very low capacity or the need to deploy MoreIntroduction: Nanomolecular network is used as a new connection pattern in nanomachines. These connections are possible using biological components in the environment. The molecular communications have important drawbacks, such as very low capacity or the need to deploy a complex infrastructure. One of the most effective approaches for this purpose is using bacteria to carry encrypted message among nanomachines.Method: The current research examines effective routing in bacterial communication nano networks based on changing the distance between nanomachines. The aim of this research is to develop routing capability for bacterial communication nano networks. For this purpose, two intrinsic characteristics of bacteria, including chemotaxis and conjugation, have been used. In order to analyze the efficiency of message delivery, simulation was done for several different topologies. The purpose of simulation in different forms of topology is to investigate the effect of changing the distance between nanomachines and also the connection process in order to improve message delivery.Results: The results of this research showed that in the number of successful messages delivered to the destination for longer distances, it can be seen that topology 2 performs better. The comparison of the number of connections made at different distances for all three investigated topologies showed that with the increase in the number of bacteria in All three topologies increase the number of connections made, but in different intervals in terms of the distance between the nanomachines, it can be seen that the number of connections decreases as the distance increases due to the reduction of the effect field of the chemical adsorbent, which is needed to direct the movement of the bacteria.By examining and evaluating the simulation results for the average delay of the messages reached to the destination by changing the distance between the nanomachines, it can be seen that for all three topologies, with the increase in the number of bacteria, the average delay decreases, and with the increase in the distance between the nanomachines, the average delay also decreases. It can be seen that topology 2 has the lowest latency in terms of average latency for longer distances.Discussion: By increasing the distance among nanomachines, the number of received messages at the destination decreases as well. One of the topologies results in better average latency in longer distances compared to the others, because of the hollow center in this topology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Survey Of Digestive Enzymes Activity, Body Composition and Intestine Bacterial Flora Of Sobaity (Sparidentexhasta) Fingerling in Response to Different Levels Of Dietary Xylooligosaccharide
Vahid Morshedi Naser Agh Jasem Marammazi Farzaneh Norii Takavar MohammadianInroduction and Objective: Prebiotics, as a non-digestible food ingredient, beneficiallyaffects the host by selectively stimulating the growth, activating a limited number of bacteria, andreducing the number of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.This study i MoreInroduction and Objective: Prebiotics, as a non-digestible food ingredient, beneficiallyaffects the host by selectively stimulating the growth, activating a limited number of bacteria, andreducing the number of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.This study investigated the effects of xylooligosaccharide on digestive enzymes activity, body composition and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity (Sparidentex hastaMaterial and Methods:For this purpose, 405 individuals of sobaity fingerlings (45 in each replication) were prepared with an average weight of 7.64 ± 0.3 g from the Mariculture Research station of South Iranian Aquaculture Research Center. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with three treatments and replications in fiberglass tanks with 300 liters volume. Fish were fed with feed containing 0, 0.5 and 1 percents of xylooligosaccharide for a period of 42 days. At the end of the experiment, body composition and intestine samples were collected for estimating digestive enzymes activity intestine bacterial flora and body composition. Results: The obtained results indicated that dietary xylooligosaccharide did not change sobaity digestive enzymes activity, including alkaline protease, amylse and lipase (P > 0.05). In this study, weak, positive and no significant correlation were observed between dietary prebiotic and alkaline protease activity, amylase activity and lipase activity (P > 0.05). The results of this study indicated that different levels of prebiotic did not affect body composition including protein, fat, ash and moisture and intestine bacterial flora (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Overall, this study showed that digestive enzymes activity was not affected by dietary prebiotic. Moreover, the diet supplemented with 0.5 and 1 percents of xylooligosaccharide had no significant effects on body composition and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Effect Of Lactobacillus plantarum (KC426951) Bacteria Isolated from the Intestine Of Rainbow Trout Guilan on Hematological Indices and Immune Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Fry
Afshin Ghaljaei fard hossein khara Alireza Shenavar MasolehInroduction and Objective: The use of probiotics in aquaculture reduces the level of antimicrobial compounds (especially antibiotics), improve feed efficiency, strengthens the immune system, improve blood and the bacterial flora. The effects of the bacteria Lactobacillu MoreInroduction and Objective: The use of probiotics in aquaculture reduces the level of antimicrobial compounds (especially antibiotics), improve feed efficiency, strengthens the immune system, improve blood and the bacterial flora. The effects of the bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum (KC426951) isolated from the gut of rainbow trout Guilan province on some blood safety indicators examined the rainbow trout.Material and Methods:A total of 540 fry with an average weight 3/56±2/24 g (30 per treatment) were prepared. This study in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replications for 60 days was investigated invivo.The treatment diets were: 106 (treatment 1), 107 (treatment 2), 108 (treatment 3), 109(treatment4) and 1010 (treatment5) CFU g-1 of lactobacillus plantarum and control treatment (treatment 6) without supplementation with probiotics was.Results: At the end of the experimental period,hematological and immune parameters were measured. Results showed that the highest levels of hematological indices contains WBC count in treatment 4, RBC count, Hb concentration blood , percent hematocrit , percent monocytes, percent eosinophils , MCHC in treatment 5, the MCV, MCH and percent eosinophils,in treatments 1 and percent neutrophilin controls, respectively. Also significant differences between treatments were examined, MCHC, MCH, percentage of monocytes and eosinophils were not observed(p>0.05). The highest levels of Immune factors , including Total serum immunoglobulins, IgM and Lysozym owned treatment 4 and lowest values are those belonging to the control group (pConclusions:The findings suggest that the scope of application of Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria can be dose 109 - 1010 CFU / g food bacteria that stimulate the immune system as introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Evaluation of Bacteriovorus Stalpii predator on the healing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected burn wounds in rats
Mohammad Shahbazzadeh Elham Moazamian Alireza Rafati Masoud FardinInroduction & Objective: Drug-resistant infection is one of the leading causes of death from burn injuries. Bacteriovorus stalpii, like other predators, invades and destroys the periplasmic space of gram-negative bacteria. The aim of the present study was to investi MoreInroduction & Objective: Drug-resistant infection is one of the leading causes of death from burn injuries. Bacteriovorus stalpii, like other predators, invades and destroys the periplasmic space of gram-negative bacteria. The aim of the present study was to investigate the Bacteriovorus stalpii on the healing rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected burn wounds in rats. Material and Methods: 30 albino rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of positive, negative, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and staphylococcal bacteriorex after 3 burn wounds.30 rats N-MRI were randomly divided in to 5 groups positive and negative control, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and Bacteriovorus stalpii, and except for the negative control group, all groups Burned and Infected by 4 multidrug resistant Pseudomonas isolates. After treatment with bacteria and antibiotics, wound colonies were reported every other day and wound area was measured within 20 days. Results: The results of colony count showed that Bacteriovorus stalpii in infected wounds significantly reduced the amount of bacteria in 21 days compared to other groups and this decrease was better than the performance of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics. Measurement of wound area over 20 days also showed that the use of predatory bacteria reduced wound area in burnt rat compared to control groups. Histological examination of the resulting wounds showed that the predatory bacteria reduced inflammation, increased fibroblasts cell and increased tissue collagen compared to the control group. Conclusion: Bacteriovorus stalpii can accelerate the treatment process in drug-resistant infections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Investigation about the Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Effects of Probiotice Bacteria with Using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and Rat Liver Microsomes(S9)
maryam EKrami ُSedigheh mehrabian Robab Rafiei TabatabeiInroduction & Objective: Probiotic bacteria is potential hazards should also be considered and used at concentrations that have not mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. This study aimed to assess Investigation about the Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Effects of Prob MoreInroduction & Objective: Probiotic bacteria is potential hazards should also be considered and used at concentrations that have not mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. This study aimed to assess Investigation about the Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Effects of Probiotice Bacteria with Using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and Rat Liver Microsomes(S9). Material and Methods:In this study, we utilize the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Firstly, the purity of the strains was confirmed in terms of purity of mutagenic properties. In the next phase of this research the rat liver micrsomes was separately added to the minimal glucose agar medium containing the suspected carcinogenic, andprobiotice bacteria negative and positive controls and all back colonies were counted. Results: The number of revertant colonies the treated plates with S9 is decreased and it means mutagenic and carcinogenic effect of probiotice bacteria with S9 is decreased. Conclusion: The results of the present study shows that the probiotice bacteria at concentrations examined had no mutagenic and carcinogenic effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Antibacterial effect and chemical composition of Satureja bachtiarica
Nikta Ebrahimi Saghar Ketabchi Vahid RowshanIn this study antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract and essential oil of Satureja bachtiarica were evaluated by “disk diffusion method” on Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Rhizobium radiobacter, Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomona MoreIn this study antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract and essential oil of Satureja bachtiarica were evaluated by “disk diffusion method” on Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Rhizobium radiobacter, Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, Bacillis subtilis, Pectobacterium cartovorum and Pectobacterium atrosepticum. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) determined by using a serial dilution method. The lowest inhibitory consistency of MIC and MBC values of Satureja bachtiarica essential oil and methanolic extract was observe on Bacillus subtillis. Chemical composition of essential oil and methanolic extract were determined by GC-MS and HPLC respectively. The major components of essential oil were: Carvacrol 53.94, γ- terpinene13.08, Tymole 11.16, P-symene 6.54, E- caryophylene2.16, Bornole1.2, Linalool2.49, α- terpnene. HPLC analysis of methanolic extract showed ten type of compound: Carcacrol (461.48mlgr/lit), Quercetin (75.80mlgr/lit) Eugenol (60.61mlgr/lit) Hesperetin (24.29mlgr/lit), Hesperedin(13.75mlgr/lit), Rutin (13.23mlgr/lit), Catechin (9.721mlgr/lit), Vanillin(1.01mlgr/lit), Caffeic acid (0.0812ml gr/lit), P-coumaric acid (2mlgr/lit), that are present in varying amount.Our result indicated that Satureja bachtiarica essential oil showed high antibacterial activity against all selected bacteria whereas, methanolic extract showed antibacterial activity against Xanthomona saxonopodis pv. citri, Bacillis subtilis, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. In general, essential oil and methanolic extract have strong antimicrobial activity against these pathogens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The effect of amino acid Methionine on β- 1,3 glucanase gene expression and activity of effective enzymes in induced resistance to citrus canker disease in lime
Vahideh Hasabi Hossein Askari Seyed Mehdi Alavi Masood Soltani Najafabadi Hamidreza ZamanizadehCitrus bacterial canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, is one of the most important diseases of citrus in tropical and subtropical regions. Accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins such as β -1, 3 glucanase against plant pathogen attack, as plant d MoreCitrus bacterial canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, is one of the most important diseases of citrus in tropical and subtropical regions. Accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins such as β -1, 3 glucanase against plant pathogen attack, as plant defense mechanisms against plant pathogens is considered. To investigate the expression of PR-2 genes related β -1, 3 glucanase and the effective enzymes in induced resistance to citrus canker, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. The amino acid methionine at a concentration of 25 mM and distilled water as control, were used for this study. After 48 hours post treatment, plants were inoculated with 5 ml of bacterial suspension (at a concentration of 108 colonies per ml) by syringe without needle and contained under greenhouse conditions. Based on phenotypic tests results, there were significant difference in the level of 0.05 between the amino acid methionine treated plants and control plants treated with sterile distilled water. The molecular test results indicated an increase in the expression of PR-2 at 24, 48 and 72 h after inoculation. Based on the results of antioxidant enzymes activity study in stressed plants, plants treated with the amino acid methionine significantly increased the enzyme activity of peroxidase and phenylalanine, however, did not affect on catalase activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Identification and Separation of Potato soft rot with Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Methods from Isfahan Province
tahereh shakibafard Masoud Bahar Majid Olia Hadi KarimipourFardPotato soft rot is a common and important disease on potatoes. Fifteen pectolytic bacteria with green metallic colonies on EMB medium were isolated from the tubers showing surface cracking and soft rot symptoms, simultaneously. All the isolates grew at 37 ˚C, no starch MorePotato soft rot is a common and important disease on potatoes. Fifteen pectolytic bacteria with green metallic colonies on EMB medium were isolated from the tubers showing surface cracking and soft rot symptoms, simultaneously. All the isolates grew at 37 ˚C, no starch digestion, they were not sensitive to erythromycin and negative for phosphatase. They could not use sugars of Xylose, Trehalose, α-methyl D-glycoside and Malonate, while they were able to use Inositol, Rhamnose and Arabitol sugars. Based on These characteristics the isolates recognized as P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. The isolates were further identified by PCR amplification with primer G1/L1 which produces two bands similar to those produced in P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, but not from P. carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum and Dickeya chrysanthemi. Digestion of the amplified PCR product with restriction enzyme Rsa I resulted in identical 385 bp, 280bp and 180 bp bands formation as described for P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. The results of physiological, pathogenicity, biochemical and molecular tests, confirmed that all bacterial isolates induced soft rot symptoms in potato tubers are P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Biological control of bacterial wilt disease of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum by using isolated endophytic bacteria, Burkholderia cepacia, from tomato stems in vitro and in vivo
Saghar Ketabchi Mina AlikhaniRalstonia solanacearum is the cause of tomato bacterial wilt. Under favorable environmental conditions, it can cause rapid wilt and a lot of damage, and there is no practical remedy for it. The aim of this study was to separate endophytic bacteria B. cepacia from tomato MoreRalstonia solanacearum is the cause of tomato bacterial wilt. Under favorable environmental conditions, it can cause rapid wilt and a lot of damage, and there is no practical remedy for it. The aim of this study was to separate endophytic bacteria B. cepacia from tomato stems of local cultivar and then to study the biocontrol effect of this bacteria against the bacterial wilt of tomatoes. In this study four endophytic bacteria from tomato stem were isolated. Then after identification with bacteriology standard tests in order to investigation of their antagonistic effect and also effect on the growth rate of the plant in vitro with seed diffusion agar method were examined. Result of biochemical tests showed that all of endophytic bacteria which isolated from tomato stem were B. cepacia. In in vitro condition on the seed with B. cepacia bacteria in medium containing R. solanacearum bacteria showed the formation of 2- to-4.5 –mm haloes. In greenhouse conditions, these bacteria caused a suppression of the disease by about 60% and a significant increase in tomato plants, and a significant difference with the control was observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Screening bean genotypes ) Phaseolus vulgaris( for resistance to common bacterial blight disease in Markazi Province, Iran
Mohammad Reza Lak Hamid Reza DorriCommon bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), is one of the major diseseas in bean fields leading to significant losses in yield and seed quality. Chemical control is ineffective, therefore, the use of resistant varieties becomes an MoreCommon bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), is one of the major diseseas in bean fields leading to significant losses in yield and seed quality. Chemical control is ineffective, therefore, the use of resistant varieties becomes an interesting alternative. The object of this experiment was to screen resistant bean genotypes to CBB. The experiment was conducted at Arak Station of Agricultural and Natural Resources Center of Markazi Province. Bean genotypes were planted in the field at 2 locations. In one locations Xap suspension with 107 cfu/ml was sprayed onto plants befor flowerhng stage. Disease scale was rated from 1 (Immune) to 5( susceptible). The experiment was carried out in agment design in 12 blocks with 234 bean genotypes with 3 checks including Khomein Local Chitti bean, Daneshkadeh white bean and Goli red bean. Evaluated traits in 3 bean checks had no significant difference that meaned the experiment accuracy was high. Fourty one bean genotypes with disease scale ≥ 3 was selected as resistant and semi resistant to CBB. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Identification of the bacterial microflora of fresh edible yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.)
s. mohammad salim sohrab imani m. abdi godarzi n. hasan zadeh v. zarin niyaThe edible insects are consumed as an alternative animal protein source by most Asian countries. Since there is a limited evidence for their safety particularly from microbiological aspects, an attempt was made to assess the microbial population of Tenebrio molitor L. s MoreThe edible insects are consumed as an alternative animal protein source by most Asian countries. Since there is a limited evidence for their safety particularly from microbiological aspects, an attempt was made to assess the microbial population of Tenebrio molitor L. samples in laboratory conditions. Primary stocks were purchased from a local market, in Sari- a city in north of Iran. Microbial samples were prepared from both body surfaces and guts of insect. Samples were individually and cultured on nutrient agar (NA), incubated at taken 270C for 24-72h. Distinguished colonies were isolated and purified. Based on phenotypic characteristics, hypersensitive response (HR) on geranium leaves, as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, the isolates were categorized into two groups. The pathogenic isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter asburiae, Bacillus firmus and Serratia marcescens. Whereas, the nonpathogenic bacteria were assigned as Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus thuringiensis. Undoubtedly, the presence of pathogenic microbes in the microflora of mealworm larvae by direct and indirect consumption of insect may pose a threat to human and animal health. These findings suggest an implementation of certain processing methods in order to decrease or eradicate risks of microbial contamination of diets using natural insects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Bacterial diversity of Apis florea F. (Hym., Apidae) in Iran
Sh. Parichehreh G. H. Tahmasbi A. Sarafrazi S. Imani N. TajabadiApis florea F. and Apis mellifera L. are two honey bee species in Iran. Distribution of Apis florea starts from Paveh in Kermanshah province (located in west of Iran) and ends to Sistan-Baluchestan province (located in south east of Iran). The current study was carried MoreApis florea F. and Apis mellifera L. are two honey bee species in Iran. Distribution of Apis florea starts from Paveh in Kermanshah province (located in west of Iran) and ends to Sistan-Baluchestan province (located in south east of Iran). The current study was carried out by collecting 1400 worker bees from 14 different colonies located in southern regions of Iran. The samples were kept in sterile test tubes containing normal saline. The specific media were used to isolate Lactobacillus bacteria from digestive tracts of the bees. Biochemical tests and DNA extraction were done to identify the colonies. In addition, the colonies were characterized by sequencing 16S rRNA gene using specific primers (27F and 1492R). Since bacterial diversity in digestive tracts is of the approaches for classifying insects from phylogenetic point stand, sequencing was done on 43 colonies of bacteria. The results showed that eight isolates were related to three species (Lactobacillus kunkeei, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus apis). Basis on the results, the dwarf honey bee in Iran phylogenetically clustered in five distinct clades in terms of bacterial diversity in digestive tracts. The clades were: 1): Roudan, Bandar-Abbas, Iranshahr 2) Jiroft, Kahnuj, Bushehr, Ahwaz, Dehloran 3) Gachsaran 4) Jahrom, Fasa, Behbahan and 5) Qeshm population. Furthermore, the results indicated that Lactic acid bacterias found in digestive tracts depends on nectar and pollen feeding by this wasp in the geographically different localities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - An overview of fish pathogenic bacteria and the effect of medicinal plants against
mehdi jahane Reza Rouhani maryam bigomi zahra bigomi Fatima Farzaneh saeide saeidiAbstract:Indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat bacterial diseases in aquaculture has caused the emergence of drug resistance in bacterial strains and reduced the effectiveness of drugs, in addition, it has caused the accumulation of antibiotics in the body of fish MoreAbstract:Indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat bacterial diseases in aquaculture has caused the emergence of drug resistance in bacterial strains and reduced the effectiveness of drugs, in addition, it has caused the accumulation of antibiotics in the body of fish and fish consumers. Therefore, it seems necessary to replace less harmful substances, including plant products. The aim of this study is to review fish pathogenic bacteria and the effect of medicinal plants on them.Materials and methods:In this study, valid scientific articles indexed in ISI, SID, PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, Web of Science databases were examined using Persian keywords drug resistance, fish pathogenic bacteria, medicinal plants.Results:A review of the studies shows that medicinal plants and their compounds are able to destroy fish pathogenic bacteria and infections caused by them in different concentrations.Discussion:According to the obtained results, medicinal plants can be suggested for the treatment of infections caused by fish pathogenic bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cream sweets in Isfahan city and antibiotic resistance of the isolates
Ebrahim Rahimi Najmeh Vahed dehkordi mohammad amin heidarzadiEscherichia coli and Salmonella are gram-negative bacteria and are indicators of faecal contamination in food, and the presence of each of them in processed foods indicates lack of hygiene, and Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-negative bacteria. It is positive that it ha MoreEscherichia coli and Salmonella are gram-negative bacteria and are indicators of faecal contamination in food, and the presence of each of them in processed foods indicates lack of hygiene, and Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-negative bacteria. It is positive that it has the highest level of poisoning. The aim of the present study is to investigate the contamination with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cream sweets sold in Isfahan city and the antibiotic resistance of the obtained isolates. In this study, 120 cream sweets from the supply centers of this product in different parts of Isfahan city were randomly sampled and transferred to the specialized food hygiene laboratory of Shahrekord Azad University, next to the ice flask, in order to avoid secondary contamination. The standard method was used to search for microorganisms. The collected data was used in SPSS version 26 statistical software and chi-square test was used for data analysis. The results showed that Escherichia coli and Salmonella contamination was negative in all samples, but Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed in 4 cases of cream sweets. The samples were the most sensitive to tetracycline, streptomycin and amikacin and the most resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. In this survey, it was determined that a high percentage of the cream sweets offered in Isfahan city are in compliance with the existing standards in the society in terms of contamination and health quality to some extent, but in order to improve the health of the society, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Increase fruit shelf life using biological filters during storage
Ashraf Kariminik Babak Kheirkhah Hesam Zendehdel MoghadamAny change in food that reduces its quality value or reduces its popularity and marketing is called food spoilage. Ethylene gas is one of the gases produced from ripe fruits that causes high ripening and spoilage of the fruit during storage. Solutions have been suggeste MoreAny change in food that reduces its quality value or reduces its popularity and marketing is called food spoilage. Ethylene gas is one of the gases produced from ripe fruits that causes high ripening and spoilage of the fruit during storage. Solutions have been suggested to absorb this gas during fruit storage. The aim of this study was to apply bio-filters to remove ethylene gas to increase the life of banana fruit after harvest during storage. Various samples prepared from agricultural wastes containing natural environmental microorganisms were evaluated in biological filters designed to remove ethylene gas and prevent spoilage of banana fruit compared to control samples. The gas chromatograph showed that the amount of gas passing through column 4, which contained peat soil substrates, poplar wood chips, enriched organic substrate, leaf soil, straw and creamy organic fertilizer was equal to 0.6528 ml of ethylene per liter of air. It had the highest ability to remove ethylene gas compared to other columns and showed a significant difference with the control sample. In addition, this filter was observationally effective in terms of shelf life of immature bananas compared to control samples, and biological filters containing Pseudomonas putida have the highest amount of ethylene gas absorption. Based on the findings, the use of biological filters is recommended to increase the shelf life of fruits in storage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Antibacterial effect of Salvia macrosiphon essential oil against 4 human pathogenic bacteria and identification of the oil constituents
Ashraf Kariminik Vahid DarijaniIn many parts of the world, there is a rich tradition in the use of herbal medicine for the treatment of many infectious diseases. Because of the side effects and the resistance that pathogenic microorganisms build against the antibiotics, much recent attention has been MoreIn many parts of the world, there is a rich tradition in the use of herbal medicine for the treatment of many infectious diseases. Because of the side effects and the resistance that pathogenic microorganisms build against the antibiotics, much recent attention has been paid to extract the biologically active compounds from plant species used in herbal medicine. The aim of this study was antibacterial activity of Salvia macrosiphon essential oil on four bacteria and identification of the chemical constituents. The essential oil was extracted using hydro-distillation method and analyzed by GC, GC/MS.The total number of compounds identified and quantified were 10 representing 92.8 % of the total essential oil. Linalool (54.8%) and sclareol (27.3%) were the major compounds. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated using dilution method against standard strains of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus. Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. All of the bacteria were sensitive to the oil. Minimum bactericidal concentration of the oil on S. aureus, B. cereus, Escherichia coli and S. enterica were 0.15, 0.15, 0.38 and 0.77% respectively. The obtained results confirm and suggested the justification of indigenous plant, Salvia macrosiphon essential oil used in traditional medicine as treatment for microbial infections or as preservative in food. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Evalution bacterial contamination of E. coli and Staphylococcous aureus in Cream Filled Pastries in West Tehran city
Nazanin Khakipour Behrouz DastpeymanThis descriptive cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the presence or absence of bacterial contamination caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in creamy sweets in the west of Tehran. From 12 selected confectioneries in the west of Tehran, ab MoreThis descriptive cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the presence or absence of bacterial contamination caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in creamy sweets in the west of Tehran. From 12 selected confectioneries in the west of Tehran, about 500 grams of creamy sweets equivalent to 3 pieces (solid food sample) (according to the instructions of the standard number of samples required in food sampling) were prepared using simple random sampling method. In this study, in order to isolate and identify Escherichia coli bacteria, lauryl sulfate tryptase culture medium was used. Due to gas production and turbidity observed in all samples (36 samples), EC Broth selective culture medium was used for complementary and confirmatory steps. peptone water culture medium was used for confirmatory tests of Escherichia coli and differentiation from other fecal coliforms, coaxial reagent was used for final confirmation. Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was done using Cooked Meat enrichment medium and due to the production of spherical or oval or spindle colonies that were created in the depth of the medium in all samples, from Baird Parker Agar culture as The base was used for the second stage and in continuation of coagulase test to confirm Staphylococcus aureus bacteria from other staphylococci, rabbit citrate plasma was used for confirmatory tests. By reviewing the data, the rate of bacterial contamination caused by Staphylococcus aureus in 36 samples was equal to 25% and the rate of bacterial contamination due to Escherichia coli in 36 samples was equal to 5%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Bacterial Food Contamination in Iran
Nadi Kazem Sahrif Karar Abodlhadi Bshar Marhab Rihan Mehdi HassanshahianContamination and spoilage of food are important in many ways, such as health and the economy. Identification of food contamination can significantly help to improve food production and distribution processes and prevent the wastage of many resources. In Iran, many rese MoreContamination and spoilage of food are important in many ways, such as health and the economy. Identification of food contamination can significantly help to improve food production and distribution processes and prevent the wastage of many resources. In Iran, many researches have been carried out in this field during continuous periods of time, and a careful examination of these researches can provide valuable information. In this article, an attempt has been made to briefly review the types of food contamination in the dairy, meat, and confectionery categories in recent years in Iran and provide a bibliometric report of the documents published in the Scopus database without a time limit. The results of the investigations revealed that Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are probably more important than other bacteria in this country. The low ratio of the number of review documents to articles and also the lack of publication of no book in this database can be of interest to researchers to collect, summarize and conclude this information, which will definitely be useful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Investigating the antibacterial effects of methanolic extract of Myristica fragrans against broad-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus isolates
Elham Nikouie Ashraf KariminikThe increasing development of antibiotic resistance of bacteria has provided the basis for replacing antimicrobial agents with plant origin and with less side effects. This research is a type of laboratory study that was conducted with the aim of determining the antibac MoreThe increasing development of antibiotic resistance of bacteria has provided the basis for replacing antimicrobial agents with plant origin and with less side effects. This research is a type of laboratory study that was conducted with the aim of determining the antibacterial effect of Myristica fragrans on staphylococcus isolates beta lactamase producing antibiotics. The methanol extract of the plant was prepared by maceration method. The extract was filtered with Whatman No.1 paper and concentrated by rotary evaporator system. Different concentrations of 200, 100, 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625 of the extract were prepared in DMSO: Methanol (1:1v/v) solvent. Identification of beta-lactamase producing isolates was done by phenotypic method with cefotaxime antibiotic discs and cefotaxime / clavulanic acid combined disc. Antibacterial activity against 40 isolates of beta-lactamase-producing isolates was investigated by agar wells diffusion method. After incubation for 24 hours at 37°C, the sensitivity of bacteria was determined by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. Based on the results, out of 60 Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, 67% of isolates were beta-lactamase producers, respectively. All isolates of Staphylococcus aureus showed sensitivity to Myristica fragrans extract, and the average of minimum growth inhibition concentration to beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus was 10 mg/ml. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, it seems that Myristica fragrans extract can be used against beta-lactam-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in controlling infections, and in this regard, isolation and identification of the effective substances of the plant extract it is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Influence of Zeolite and Biological Fertilizer under Different Irrigation Regime on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris L.)
Tahereh Hasanabadi Davood Habibi Hamideh Khalaj -
Open Access Article
121 - Assess Effect of Phosphorus Biologic Fertilizer to Improve Crop Production under Warm and Dry Climate Condition
Azam Jafari -
Open Access Article
122 - Synthesis of new coumarin based acetohydrazones, their correspounding oxadiazoles and oxadiazolines, and the investigation of their antibacterial activity
Narjes Baharvand Enayatollah Mottaghinejad Mohsen Sargordan Fardarani Hosseini Doust -
Open Access Article
123 - Synthesis of some biologically active 2,4’-bipyridine-5-carbonitriles carrying the 4-Aminohenylthio moiety
Ajaypal Prajapati -
Open Access Article
124 - Synergistic Effects of Taxus baccata Extract Mixtures with Silver Nanoparticles against Bacteria and Fungal
M. Ghaedi M. Yousefi Nejad L. Delshad -
Open Access Article
125 - Evaluation of microbial contamination of Nawrood River to E. coli and Coliform bacteria based on global standards
Farzin Sayyad Ghorbani Shirin Safoura alidoost NedamaniSurface water resources, especially rivers, have long been used for agriculture and agriculture. Today, due to the mechanization of the cultivation process, the expansion of agronomy of cultivation and industry, the unnecessary use of pesticides and pesticides, as well MoreSurface water resources, especially rivers, have long been used for agriculture and agriculture. Today, due to the mechanization of the cultivation process, the expansion of agronomy of cultivation and industry, the unnecessary use of pesticides and pesticides, as well as the expansion of industrial centers and production units around rivers, the pollution and their microbial contamination have increased dramatically. Limitation of underground water resources and the increasing need for water resources, especially water resources, monitoring needs and updated control systems along with periodic sampling and analysis to assess the physical, chemical and biological changes of water resources and microbial load control Concentrated and carriers in the rivers. In this research, the concentration of two bacteria of Escherichia coli and Kelifram, which are indicators of water pollution to human wastewater, is investigated in the Nervod River, one of the largest and most rivers in the southwestern basin of the Caspian Sea, passing through the city of Asalem We've been. For this purpose, six sampling stations ((from each of the 3 districts of the city, 2 stations), with a total length of 15 km, were selected in the districts of Varje valley, Khordgol and Isalem, and sampling them in two seasons of spring and summer 1396 One sample per month. The findings indicate an increase in the river's microbial load in the spring and its decrease in summer. Also, by comparing the results of the analysis with global standards, the water of the Nawarud River has a microbial load below the global standard and for use in non-drinking Direct and unpolluted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Isolation and characterization of chromium resistant bacteria for remediation of contaminated effluents
Maryam GhaneThe pollution of the environment with toxic heavy metals is spreading throughout the world along with industrialprogress. Removal of heavy metals needs advance chemical technology and is more expensive too. The cheaperalternative for this is the bioremediation using hea MoreThe pollution of the environment with toxic heavy metals is spreading throughout the world along with industrialprogress. Removal of heavy metals needs advance chemical technology and is more expensive too. The cheaperalternative for this is the bioremediation using heavy metals resistant microorganisms. In this study, 5 heavymetal resistant bacteria were isolated from electroplating effluents collected from Islamshahr. The isolates grewwell on nutrient agar containing 1 mM of chromium (Cr). The resistant isolates were identified on the basis ofmorphological, biochemical and physiological properties. Finally its molecular identity was revealed through16S rRNA analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates belongto the following genera: Comamonas, Acinetobacter and Acicovorax. The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of the isolates were determined. All the isolates showed high resistance to chromium with MICs rangingfrom 4-6mM. The results suggest that the isolated strains obtained from effluent owing to its high resistance tochromium have a great potential to be employed for bioremediation of chromium contaminated effluents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Effect of Foliar Treatment of Micronutrients (Iron, Zinc, and Manganese) on Nitrogen Yield and Biological Fixation of Bami Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) With Inoculation of Bacteria in Kerman
Hojjat Safari Kamal Abadi -
Open Access Article
128 - An Overview of Bioherbicides
Rahman khakzad Rasoul Loghmanpour zariniThe ever increasing population and global issue for food security have led us to use multiple approaches to overcome the weed problems that can reduce the crop productivity up to 70%. Chemical herbicides and mechanical and other biological approaches have overcome weed MoreThe ever increasing population and global issue for food security have led us to use multiple approaches to overcome the weed problems that can reduce the crop productivity up to 70%. Chemical herbicides and mechanical and other biological approaches have overcome weed problem on one hand but also destroy the environment and caused some human health impacts on the other hand. Bioherbicides are biological control agents applied in similar ways to chemical herbicides to control weeds. Of the array of bioherbicides currently available, the most successful products appear to be sourced from fungi (mycoherbicides), with at least 16 products being developed for commercial use globally. Over the last few decades, bioherbicides sourced from bacteria and plant extracts (such as allelochemicals and essential oils), together with viruses, have also shown marked success in controlling various weeds. Despite this encouraging trend, ongoing research is still required for these compounds to be economically viable and successful in the long term. This review will explain the importance and impacts of the bioherbicides by elaborating the constraints which this approach is facing in its production and application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - An Overview of Bioherbicides
Rahman khakzad Rasoul Loghmanpour zariniThe ever increasing population and global issue for food security have led us to use multiple approaches to overcome the weed problems that can reduce the crop productivity up to 70%. Chemical herbicides and mechanical and other biological approaches have overcome weed MoreThe ever increasing population and global issue for food security have led us to use multiple approaches to overcome the weed problems that can reduce the crop productivity up to 70%. Chemical herbicides and mechanical and other biological approaches have overcome weed problem on one hand but also destroy the environment and caused some human health impacts on the other hand. Bioherbicides are biological control agents applied in similar ways to chemical herbicides to control weeds. Of the array of bioherbicides currently available, the most successful products appear to be sourced from fungi (mycoherbicides), with at least 16 products being developed for commercial use globally. Over the last few decades, bioherbicides sourced from bacteria and plant extracts (such as allelochemicals and essential oils), together with viruses, have also shown marked success in controlling various weeds. Despite this encouraging trend, ongoing research is still required for these compounds to be economically viable and successful in the long term. This review will explain the importance and impacts of the bioherbicides by elaborating the constraints which this approach is facing in its production and application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The application of plant extracts against plant pathogens
Naeema Tork Sahar Pazooki Abbas NasehiThe use of chemicals is one of the most effective, fastest and accessible ways to control plant diseases. Due to their environmental pollution, harmful to humans, and the occurrence of pathogens resistance, the researchers look for alternative ways to control plant dise MoreThe use of chemicals is one of the most effective, fastest and accessible ways to control plant diseases. Due to their environmental pollution, harmful to humans, and the occurrence of pathogens resistance, the researchers look for alternative ways to control plant diseases. Currently, the use of plant extracts is as one of the modern methods to control plant pathogenic pathogens. Because plant extracts have natural origin, they could not cause environmental pollution. Moreover, these compounds have great potential to use in plant disease management. Plantextracts have been used against different pathogenic agents such as fungi, bacteria and nematodes, and the results of their applications have been successful. This review summarizes the previous studies that have used plantextracts as biological agents to control plant pathogenic pathogens and their biocontrol efficacy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Simultaneous Cross-linking and Antibacterial Finishing of Cationized Cotton by 3-chloro2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (Quat -188) and nano TiO2
Ali NazariIn this research, the simultaneous cross-linking and antibacterial finishing of bleached cotton and cationized cotton by 3-chloro2-hydroxy propyl tri methyl ammonium chloride (Quat -188) with butane tetra carboxylic acid (BTCA) and nano TiO2 was explored. Butane tetra c MoreIn this research, the simultaneous cross-linking and antibacterial finishing of bleached cotton and cationized cotton by 3-chloro2-hydroxy propyl tri methyl ammonium chloride (Quat -188) with butane tetra carboxylic acid (BTCA) and nano TiO2 was explored. Butane tetra carboxylic acid can be linked to the cellulosic chains by ionic and covalent bonds. To do this, different concentrations of nano TiO2 and BTCA were examined to obtain the highest cross-linking and antibacterial effects Various characteristics of samples such as antibacterial against different microorganisms like two gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus), one gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), and one fungus (Candida albicans), crease recovery angle, bending length, yellowness index, weight changes, water drop absorption time were investigated. The results showed that both the bleached cotton, and cationized cotton can be finished by the optimum concentration of nano TiO2 and BTCA for producing a cotton fabric with anti-wrinkle and antibacterial properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Self-assembly of ZnO nanoparticles on Low-Density Polyethylene Film with sol- gel and its Application for Milk Active Packaging
Mohammad Ali Shayegh sayedehmona Alavinassab Somayeh Shahedi Saeid JafariThis study reports the antibacterial capability of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) modified with ZnO nanoparticles using a Sol-Gel technique. Antibacterial activity of prepared films against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was examined. MoreThis study reports the antibacterial capability of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) modified with ZnO nanoparticles using a Sol-Gel technique. Antibacterial activity of prepared films against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was examined. The operational conditions such as pH, time, amount of ZnO nanoparticles, and silanol concentration were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). The proposed film under optimum conditions was applied for the packaging of the milk sample. The highest antibacterial activity of ZnO/LPDE were pH (6.0), time (103 min), amount of ZnO nanoparticles (0.68 % w/v) and silanol agent concentration (4.81 % v/v). The antibacterial properties of ZnO/LDPE films were assessed based on the diameter of the inhibition zone in a disk diffusion test against E. coli and S. aureus. These films have significantly reduced the growth of mentioned bacteria. Overall, antimicrobial packaging shows promise as an effective method to inhibit the growth of certain bacteria like E. coli and S. aureus in milk. The resulting ZnO/LDPE package films containing milk samples exhibit superior and prolonged antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus in 7 and 14 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Providing Nanofiber Membrane of Nylon-6 Master-batch, Ag, Chitosan, Rosemary, and Investigating the Anti-oxidant and Antimicrobial effect for Packaging in Food Industries
Farideh HaddadIn the present research, nylon 6-silver (NS)/ Chitosan (CS)/Rosemary master-batch nanofibers was provided in order to be used in packaging food. Morphology and structure of the nanofibers was investigated using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transfor MoreIn the present research, nylon 6-silver (NS)/ Chitosan (CS)/Rosemary master-batch nanofibers was provided in order to be used in packaging food. Morphology and structure of the nanofibers was investigated using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antibacterial activity of synthetic nanofibers was evaluated for E. Coli and S. Aureus bacteria. The antioxidant activity of oxidant glucose of glucose oxidase and Rosemary as well as the function of the provided membranes in packaging and maintaining strawberry was investigated. Morphology and diameter of synthetic nanofibers were determined with SEM images. According to the results of the carried out investigations on the deterrent effect of silver on the activity of glucose oxidase of 70/30 NS-CS sample was selected as the optimum for subsequent studies, and based on the results, the highest enzyme activity (79.5%) with 0.05 grams of glucose oxidase was obtained. The antibacterial test of the membranes showed the perfect antibacterial activity of such membranes against the negative and gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the FTIR spectroscopy approved the presence of glucose oxidase, silver, and Rosemary in synthetic membranes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Preparation of electrosprayed Chitosan/Gum Tragacanth Nanoparticles and their Antibacterial Properties
Kiana Hajinasrollah Sima HabibiElectrospraying is similar to electrospinning. However, when the viscosity of the polymeric solution is not high enough to form nanofibers, electrospraying is used to make nanoparticles. In this study, chitosan/gum tragacanth blend nanoparticles were produced using an e MoreElectrospraying is similar to electrospinning. However, when the viscosity of the polymeric solution is not high enough to form nanofibers, electrospraying is used to make nanoparticles. In this study, chitosan/gum tragacanth blend nanoparticles were produced using an electrospinning / spraying device, and the chitosan and gum tragacanth concretions on the properties of the resulting nanoparticles were investigated. The morphology of electro - sprayed chitosan/gum tragacanth blend was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the electrospraying technique can form gum tragacanth - chitosan blend nanoparticles with an average size of 200 to 300 nm. The miscibility of the blend was determined using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The antibacterial property of samples was also investigated. Wettability results of gum tragacanth chitosan nanoparticles (contact - angle measurements) indicated that the hydrophilic property of nanoparticles is necessary for biocompatible applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Anti-Inflammatory/Bacteria Potential of Gelatin/ZnO Nano Fiber Scaffold
Hamed Zare Shahnaz Nayebzadeh Abolfazl Davodiroknabdi Seyedhasan HataminasabBased on healthy properties of gelatin, strengthening it for using as multi functional material is essential. In this paper nano scaffold of gelatin was doped with nano zinc oxide (ZnO) (with different percent) and electrospun. The morphology of obtained nano scaffold w MoreBased on healthy properties of gelatin, strengthening it for using as multi functional material is essential. In this paper nano scaffold of gelatin was doped with nano zinc oxide (ZnO) (with different percent) and electrospun. The morphology of obtained nano scaffold was study by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (F E S E M) and elemental mapping proved the present and distribution of nano zinc oxide (ZnO) in scaffold. Also, X ray Fluorescence (XRF) test was done to confirm the amount of used nano material. The anti bacterial property of the obtained scaffold was investigated against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria (Shigella and Staphylococcus Aureus respectively) and the results show that the nano scaffold has more than 96% anti bacterial property. On the other hands, the anti inflammatory effect of nano scaffold was investigated on rats and the results illustrated that nano scaffold is effective for edema decrease Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Study of Antibacterial Activity and Dyeability Property of PET/Cotton Fabrics Coated Ag/SiO2 Nanocomposites
Laleh Maleknia Elaheh AhmadiIn present study, two components of Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite were prepared by the Sonochemical method and then the PET/cotton fabric treated with Ag/SiO2 nanoparticles (Ag/SiO2 NPs) by Pad-Dry method. The treated fabric dyed at the optimum condition with direct dyes. The i MoreIn present study, two components of Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite were prepared by the Sonochemical method and then the PET/cotton fabric treated with Ag/SiO2 nanoparticles (Ag/SiO2 NPs) by Pad-Dry method. The treated fabric dyed at the optimum condition with direct dyes. The influence of the Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite on the performance of PET/cotton fabric was investigated by the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX) and reflectance spectrophotometer (RS). TEM images of Ag/SiO2 showed the particles size were 30-70 nm. SEM results of Ag/SiO2 nanocomposite powders show that nanoscale particles are well formed, also SEM micrograph of treated fabrics indicated that the nanoparticles were well dispersed on the surface of sample. EDX results showed the presence of nanoparticles increased on the surface of samples with increase concentration of colloid solution nanoparticles. The antibacterial properties were determined by reduction growth of a Gram-negative bacterium E. coli and a Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Photo-catalytic activities of the coated PET/cotton fabric were evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue under UV irradiation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Biofilms in food industries and their removal methods in food processing systems
Leyla Nateghi amir Ahangar behan Atefeh Mohammad GholiBiofilm is a complex microbial community enclosed in a polysaccharide or protein matrix. Biofilm can be created by microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have this ability. Bacterial resistance developed in the biofilm p MoreBiofilm is a complex microbial community enclosed in a polysaccharide or protein matrix. Biofilm can be created by microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have this ability. Bacterial resistance developed in the biofilm phase to antimicrobial agents is an important global issue. Bacterial biofilm is important in various aspects such as diseases related to chronic human infections, infection of foreign bodies such as catheters, animal and plant diseases, and also in food processing units due to blocking and contaminating production lines. For microorganisms, living in a biofilm has certain advantages. Microbial communities are usually very resistant to stress. Potential stress factors such as lack of water, increase or decrease in pH of the environment or the presence of toxic substances for microbes, such as antibiotics, antimicrobials or heavy metals, are included. Biofilm is formed in different places, but its formation in food processing industries usually causes damage and reduced efficiency. In addition to various benefits, [1]such as the use in cleaning heavy metal pollution and the construction of microbial fuel cells, it also has many risks. These resistant structures cause 80% of human infectious diseases, which includes a very high percentage due to their resistance and lack of definitive and quick treatment methods against these pathogenic bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Biofilms in food industries and their removal methods in food processing systems
Leila Nateghi Amir Ahangar Bahan Atefeh Mohammad GholiBiofilm is a complex microbial community enclosed in a polysaccharide or protein matrix. Biofilm can be created by microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have this ability. Bacterial resistance developed in the biofilm p MoreBiofilm is a complex microbial community enclosed in a polysaccharide or protein matrix. Biofilm can be created by microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have this ability. Bacterial resistance developed in the biofilm phase to antimicrobial agents is an important global issue. Bacterial biofilm is important in various aspects such as diseases related to chronic human infections, infection of foreign bodies such as catheters, animal and plant diseases, and also in food processing units due to blocking and contaminating production lines. For microorganisms, living in a biofilm has certain advantages. Microbial communities are usually very resistant to stress. Potential stress factors such as lack of water, increase or decrease in pH of the environment or the presence of toxic substances for microbes, such as antibiotics, antimicrobials or heavy metals, are included. Biofilm is formed in different places, but its formation in food processing industries usually causes damage and reduced efficiency. In addition to various benefits, [1]such as the use in cleaning heavy metal pollution and the construction of microbial fuel cells, it also has many risks. These resistant structures cause 80% of human infectious diseases, which includes a very high percentage due to their resistance and lack of definitive and quick treatment methods against these pathogenic bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Antibacterial effect of Zataria multiflora Essential oil against biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates
Massoumeh Mahdavi Ourtakand Mahsa Khodayi Sahar Honarmand JahromiAntibiotic resistance is documented to be a serious problem that affects the choice of appropriate antibiotic therapy. One of the proposed methods to cope with biofilm bacteria is the use of alternative antibacterial treatments, which include natural antimicrobial subst MoreAntibiotic resistance is documented to be a serious problem that affects the choice of appropriate antibiotic therapy. One of the proposed methods to cope with biofilm bacteria is the use of alternative antibacterial treatments, which include natural antimicrobial substances such as plant essential oils. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Zataria multiflora essential oil against biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. 10 Clinical isolates of S. aureus from various specimens having ability of biofilm formation were screen in this study, On the basis of their ability to attach to polymeric surfaces. Minimum Biofilm inhibitory concentration of Z. multiflora essential oil was estimated on polystyrene microtiter plates. The results indicated that 6 isolates of S. aureus included in this study were able to produce a stable biofilm and Z. multiflora essential oil had antibiofilm activities. Our study identifies that essential oil can be effectively used to control of S. aureus biofilms that Indicating the importance of natural agents as potential antibiofilm and antimicrobial agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potential from traditional yogurt in Varamin province.
سحر هنرمند جهرمی fahimeh baghbani-arani Fatemeh YaghoubiUsing probiotics such as Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) to produce valuable food is a universally accepted trend. Dairy products made from locally produced raw milk with different inherent characteristics make up an important part of the daily diet. This makes dairy a rich MoreUsing probiotics such as Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) to produce valuable food is a universally accepted trend. Dairy products made from locally produced raw milk with different inherent characteristics make up an important part of the daily diet. This makes dairy a rich source of LAB screening. The aim of study was to isolate and identify probiotic lactic acid bacteria from traditional yogurt in Varamin province. 32 samples of traditional yogurt were collected from Varamin and lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified based on biochemical tests. The probiotic properties of the bacteria were determined based on acid tolerance test and bile salt stability test. After molecular identification by PCR and sequencing of some samples the isolated bacteria were identified at the genus and species level. Nine lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified. Seven lactic acid bacterial isolates were isolated from bovine yogurt samples and 2 isolates from sheep yogurts. Morphological and biochemical properties and fermentation ability of sugars were investigated by isolated lactic acid bacteria. In acid tolerance test, 8 acid-resistant strains were reported and all 9 non-acid-resistant strains were resistant to bile salts. All 9 isolates contained 16srRNA gene. The results of sequencing three isolates showed the presence of one Lactobacillus casei and two Enterococcus faecium. Most of the lactic acid bacteria isolated in this study had probiotic properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Effect of catheterization on prevalence of urinary infections
Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh Hamed Zarei سحر هنرمند جهرمی.. Urinary tract infection is one of the most important nosocomial infections that is often caused by catheterization. Europathogenic bacteria can potentially cause urinary tract infections by forming biofilms in catheters. The aim of present study was to investigate th More.. Urinary tract infection is one of the most important nosocomial infections that is often caused by catheterization. Europathogenic bacteria can potentially cause urinary tract infections by forming biofilms in catheters. The aim of present study was to investigate the formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm from catheter-associated urinary tract infection. The study was performed on 110 urine samples of patients who referred to the clinical laboratory of Milad Hospital, Tehran. Patients were divided into two groups with catheter-associated and non-catheter- associated urinary tract infections. Isolation and identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae were performed by biochemical tests and biofilm formation by plate microtiter method. 70 and 40 samples were related to catheter- associated and non-catheter- associated infections, respectively. 60% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from associated with urinary tract infections due to catheterization were strong biofilm, 26.7% moderate and 13.3% weak. 33.3% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates associated with urinary tract infection without catheter formed strong biofilm, 36.6% moderate and 23.3% weak biofilm and 2 isolates did not form any biofilm. The use of catheters in hospitalized patients increases the risk of urinary tract infections, which depends on various factors such as the duration of catheterization, type of catheter, and ability to form a biofilm of uropathogenic bacteria. The power of bacterial biofilm formation during catheterization increases the risk of infection and leads to antibiotic resistance of isolates and lack of proper treatment of patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - The effect of modified atmosphere packaging and multi-layer flexible films on the growth of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria s and sensory properties of fresh cherry tomato
Nazanin Zand Ahmad Zaki leila nateghiIn this study the effect of different concentrations of three gas mixture (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen), vacuum conditions and also ordinary conditions as control and 3 types flexible multi-layer films for extending shelf life of fresh cherry tomato at 4 0C were ev MoreIn this study the effect of different concentrations of three gas mixture (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen), vacuum conditions and also ordinary conditions as control and 3 types flexible multi-layer films for extending shelf life of fresh cherry tomato at 4 0C were evaluated. Ordinary conditions as control packaging were compared with four type of modified atmosphere packaging {(N2 70%+ CO230%), (48%CO2+48% N2 +4%O2), (N2 30% + CO270%)}, and vacuum conditions, in this project. These samples, were packaged in different flexible multi-layer films under modified atmosphere packaging, 3-layer {PET(12)/ AL(12)/LLD (80)},4-layer {PET(12)/AL(7) /PET(12)/LLD (80) } and 3-layer {PET(12)/AL(7)/LLD(80)}. Packed samples were performed microbial test (total aerobics count, total anaerobics count), Amount of dripped water test ، Sensory evaluation test on days 7, 14, 21, and 28, were done by SPSS (Ver:22) and Duncan’s new multiple range test, with confidence level of 95% (P <0.05).Results have been shown that, the usage of MAP was not adequate for controlling spoilage but the spoilage process was delayed. Therefore, the useing of gas composition (30% nitrogen and 70% carbon dioxide) and packaging with 4-layers were used to maintain the long-term and antimicrobial properties of fresh cherry tomato and to have a good effect on the amount of dripped water and the sensory properties were better. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Isolation and identification of gram-negative bacteria from patients with urinary tract infections referred to Savadkooh laboratory and determination of their drug resistance pattern from the beginning of October 1400 to the end of December 1400
seyedmohammadmahdi mousavi mojtaba fallah neda Jafari JushqhanToday, microorganisms have become resistant to drugs by causing genetic mutations. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated from urine culture in the laboratory of Savadkuh city. The cross-sectional descriptive MoreToday, microorganisms have become resistant to drugs by causing genetic mutations. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated from urine culture in the laboratory of Savadkuh city. The cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on gram-negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections in Savadkuh laboratory. Bacterial isolates were identified by microscopic examination, morphology and biochemical tests. Fifty samples of gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infections were isolated from 5 cases (10%) of men and 45 cases (90%) of women. According to the study, the two most common gram-negative bacteria in urinary tract infections are based on the percentage of infectivity in this study, which include: E.Coli (62%), and Klebsiella (30%) and other gram-negative (8%), They were isolated from urine samples. According to the antibiogram test, the most cases of resistance were related to the antibiotics ampicillin, nalidixic acid and cefazolin, respectively. On the other hand, the most sensitive drugs are nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Efflux Systems in plant-associated Bacteria and their Role in Multiple Drug Resistance
Sina Nourizadeh Reza KhakvarPlant Associated Bacteria are one of the most important elements of plant ecosystems. These bacteria live internally (endophytes) or externally (epiphytes) in different plants organs and have various effects on the life cycle of plants. These bacteria are constantly exp MorePlant Associated Bacteria are one of the most important elements of plant ecosystems. These bacteria live internally (endophytes) or externally (epiphytes) in different plants organs and have various effects on the life cycle of plants. These bacteria are constantly exposed to different antibacterial compounds which are secreted from plants and other epiphytic microorganisms in their natural habitat. Plant-associated bacteria deal with these toxic compounds in a variety of ways, one of which is the use of efflux systems. An active efflux mechanism is responsible for the transportation of antibacterial compounds out of the cell. This process is associated with energy consumption which is provided from ATP hydrolysis or electrochemical gradient. These pumps are protein vectors that express from chromosome or plasmid and not only have critical rule in drug resistance, also have other physiological proceeds. The rule of efflux systems in plant-associated bacteria and their relation with transcription regulatory are discuss in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Phytochemical examination of the hydroalcoholic extract of Polylophium involucratum (Pall.) Boiss. harvested from the heights of the Javaherdeh - Ramsar and determination of its cytotoxic effects on chronic myeloid leukemia
Shahab Ojani Naser Montazeri Masoud Mohammadi Zeydi Masoud GhaneIntroduction: Nowadays, the emergence of allergies, side effects of drugs, antibiotic-resistant strains, and the need of body to antioxidants emphasized the importance of herbal medicines.Aim: Therefore, this project aims to investigate the phytochemical extract of hydr MoreIntroduction: Nowadays, the emergence of allergies, side effects of drugs, antibiotic-resistant strains, and the need of body to antioxidants emphasized the importance of herbal medicines.Aim: Therefore, this project aims to investigate the phytochemical extract of hydroalcoholic of Polylophium involucratum harvested from the heights of the Javaherdeh - Ramsar and determine its cytotoxic effects on chronic myeloid leukemia.Material and methods: To this end, Polylophium involucratum seeds were collected from the heights of the Javaherdeh, Ramsar, and extracted using a microwave assisted extraction. Then, using quantitative and qualitative phytochemical tests, determining antibacterial activity by disk emission method and finally, assessing the effect of cytotoxicity on the category of K562 cancer cells using the MTT method was investigated.Results: Phytochemical screening of the hydroalcoholic extract of Polylophium involucratum confirmed the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, phenols, quinones, and saponins. The total amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoid compounds was calculated as 12.93±2 and 7.58±7 mg/ml respectively. The percentage of free radical inhibition was obtained at 57.70±0.5 and the IC50 value was 0.66 μg/ml. The aura diameter of non-growth was observed in Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus 25, 10, and 10 mm respectively. The results of cellular toxicity also showed that Polylophium involucratum hydroalcoholic extract is dose-dependent, with the highest toxicity effect at a concentration of 50 μg/ml, and the highest bioavailability effect at a concentration of 20 μg/ml in 24 hours, with an IC50 level equal to 50.35±0.03 μg/ml with a meaningful level of 5%.Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, in general, the use of effective plant compounds is considered one of the most effective strategies in the treatment of cancer, and the secondary metabolites in Polylophium involucratum extract can be a promising method in the treatment of cancer, which requires more studies and experiments are to be done in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Isolation and identification of soil-borne bacteria with the effect of Fusarium oxysporum ioinhibition in tomato plants
Maryam Safdarian Jamshid RazmjooIntroduction: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an alternative to chemical pesticides against harmful microorganisms especially soil-borne diseases. Fusarium oxysporum is one of the important pathogenic fungi of tomato wilt that causes serious damage to agr MoreIntroduction: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an alternative to chemical pesticides against harmful microorganisms especially soil-borne diseases. Fusarium oxysporum is one of the important pathogenic fungi of tomato wilt that causes serious damage to agricultural products.Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the inhibition of the growth of Fusarium oxysporum with bacteria isolated from soil in laboratory conditions.Materials and methods: In order to isolate biological inhibitors, isolates were screened based on the ability to auxin and phosphorus solubilization, siderophore production and fungal growth inhibition. Molecular identification of selected isolates was done by 16SrDNA gene amplification. Investigating the ability of bacteria to control the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. It was done under greenhouse conditions.In this study, to screen successful bacterial isolates, the inhibition of pathogen growth was evaluated in-vitro.Results: Moreover,. Among the 80 isolates studied, seven isolates had the ability to produce auxin, ten isolates had the ability to P solubility, six isolates had the ability to produce siderophore, and seven isolates had the ability to inhibition pathogen growth. Among the isolates 56 and 83 had the highest amount of auxin production and the P solubility and the fungal growth inhibition. Multiple alignment of the 16SrDNA sequence of two selected bacteria with other 16SrDNA sequences in the NCBI gene bank showed that isolates 56 and 83 with 98 and 99.9 percent similarity belong to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus atrophaeus, respectively.Conclusion: Among the isolates, seven isolates in vitro conditions showed a good ability to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum. In greenhouse experiments, all 5 isolates as significantly (P<0.05) they controlled the disease, and the most control was related to isolate 56. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Green production of silver nanoparticles from )Eryngium planum( and its antimicrobial effect on )Escherichia coli( and )Staphylococcus aureus(
zahra khoshhal Atoosa Vaziri rahele rahbarianBackground: The development of nanotechnology in the last decade has opened a new and unique window to science; Among them, silver nanoparticles are one of the most important types of nanoparticles due to their antimicrobial properties. There are different methods for p MoreBackground: The development of nanotechnology in the last decade has opened a new and unique window to science; Among them, silver nanoparticles are one of the most important types of nanoparticles due to their antimicrobial properties. There are different methods for producing silver nanoparticles by green synthesis. Using plant extracts to produce silver nanoparticles is a cheap and cost-effective method that does not harm the environment.Objective: In this research, the phytochemistry of the plant and the production of silver nanoparticles using the leaves of )Eryngium pulegium( were studied. Also, the antibacterial effect of the resulting nanoparticles was investigated on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.Methods: First, secondary metabolites including phenol, flavonoids, terpenoid and alkaloids were measured. Then, the amount of antioxidant activity of Chuchag) Eryngium pulegium) plant extract was measured by DPPH method and after confirming the presence of antioxidant property and high amount of secondary metabolites in the examined plant, the synthesis of silver nanoparticle was carried out by aqueous extract of Chuchag plant)Eryngium pulegium( and by spectrophotometry and SEM methods. TEM confirmed the presence of nanoparticles and determined the size and shape of nanoparticles. Then, the antibacterial property of the extract along with nanoparticles was evaluated on two species of bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Findings: The analysis of secondary metabolites in (Eryngium pulegium) plant showed that the main and indicative compounds in (Eryngium pulegium) essential oil include terpenoids curcumin, gamma-3 carne, beta gorgonen, alpha guain, gamma cadinene, alpha terpinen, etc. The results of LC.MS of alkaloids showed that Eryngium pulegium has 4 alkaloid compounds in order of highest concentration, berbamine, coxoline, balochistin and fikamin. The results related to DPPH in (Eryngium pulegium) plant showed that as the concentration of ( Eryngium pulegium) extract increased, its free radical inhibition percentage also increased, so it can be proved that Eryngium pulegium has free radical inhibitory properties. It also has antioxidant properties. Vis-UV spectroscopic analysis and the presence of a peak at 370 nm indicated the biosynthesis of these nanoparticles in (Eryngium pulegium) extract, and the SEM image determined the shape of the nanoparticles to be spherical and their average size around 20 nm. In the investigation of the antibacterial effect of nanoparticles biosynthesized with (Eryngium pulegium) extract against microbial bacteria, the nanoparticles showed a good antibacterial effect against the studied bacteria. In the MIC test on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, the minimum inhibitory concentration in(Eryngium Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Antibacterial Effects of Polar, Semi-Polar, Non-Polar Fractions of Aractium Lappa Extract On Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Listeria Monocytogenes
changiz ahmadizadeh leili rahimi rohollah safariAractium Lappa one of the daisies of dicotyledons in Iran. It is antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-rheumatic and lowers blood glucose. In this paper, after extraction with ethanolic, chloroform and n-hexane solvents with soxhlet and after evaporation of s MoreAractium Lappa one of the daisies of dicotyledons in Iran. It is antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-rheumatic and lowers blood glucose. In this paper, after extraction with ethanolic, chloroform and n-hexane solvents with soxhlet and after evaporation of solvent with rotary device, studies were conducted on inhibition zone, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and MBC. Studies on MIC and MBC of Aractium Lappa extract were performed on 4 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Listeria monocytogenes.MIC values indicated that the ethanolic, chloroform and n-hexane extracts of Aractium Lappa are 12.5-25.6%, 25.6-50% and 50-100%, respectively. Ethanolic extract has the highest activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a concentration of 25.6% and the lowest effect was against E. coli and of Staphylococcus aureus at 5.12%.MBC for ethanolic extract in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 5.12% and in Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes is 25% and 25.6%, respectively. The results showed that the extract of Aractium Lappa has an antibacterial effect Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Eutrophication in Water Resources: Definition, Types, Causes, Ecological Effects and Control Strategies
Mohammad Safari Behzad Mohammadikhangahi Gholamhossein SafariOne of the most common problems is water quality management of seas and reservoirs around the world. About 30-40% of lakes and reservoirs worldwide are affected by abnormally high nutrients. Eutrophic phenomena are caused by an excess of nutrients in an aquatic system, MoreOne of the most common problems is water quality management of seas and reservoirs around the world. About 30-40% of lakes and reservoirs worldwide are affected by abnormally high nutrients. Eutrophic phenomena are caused by an excess of nutrients in an aquatic system, especially by nitrogen and phosphorus, especially in lakes, estuaries and slow streams. Due to the excessive consumption of fertilizers and the discharge of untreated urban and industrial wastewater into water sources, the extent of eutrophication processes has increased significantly since the middle of the last century. One of the obvious signs of eutrophication is dense algal blooms, which cause high turbidity in water systems, decrease of oxygen and increase of hypoxia conditions in the inner parts of water bodies due to the sediments. In addition, extensive development of blue-green cyanobacteria, reduction of biodiversity, formation of hydrogen sulfide, increase in fish mortality, unpleasant odor, and increased phytoplankton and other aquatic plants, are other effects of eutrophication on the ecosystem. The main nutrients of interest are nitrogen and phosphorus, both of which are essential for algal growth, but the role of phosphorus is more critical because many cyanobacteria can obtain the nitrogen, they need from atmospheric nitrogen through nitrogen fixation. Therefore, most of the eutrophication control measures are directed towards reducing phosphorus. The purpose of this study is to investigate the types, causes, stages and factors, and finally solutions to control, modify and prevent the process of eutrophication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Phytochemical study of the Medicinal plant extract of (Rosa Canina L.) collected from Meshkin-shahr vegetation area and its antibacterial effect on common oral and dental bacteria.
Hojjat Eghbal Mehdi Ahmadi SabeghIntroduction and purpose: Recently, due to the increasing resistance of microorganisms to common antibiotics, the use of phenolic and antimicrobial compounds in medicinal plants has received special attention.Materials and methods: The extract of mountain nester plants MoreIntroduction and purpose: Recently, due to the increasing resistance of microorganisms to common antibiotics, the use of phenolic and antimicrobial compounds in medicinal plants has received special attention.Materials and methods: The extract of mountain nester plants was extracted by maceration method and their phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC, the antimicrobial effect of the extract was investigated in concentrations (25, 50 and 100 µg/ml). These bacteria included common microbes and fungi, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus salivaris, Streptococcus subrinus, Escherichia coli, Icnella cordens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Disc diffusion and MIC methods were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts.Findings: In the investigation of the effect of each extract on bacteria, it was found that the medicinal plant of mountain nester has the least inhibitory effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria and the most inhibitory effect on Candida glabrata fungus. The results of the MIC test also confirm these effectsConclusion: According to the phytochemical results obtained from the extract of this research, it can be stated that the studied medicinal plant has antibacterial phenolic compounds. Therefore, the results of the research showed that the medicinal plant extract of mountain nasturtium has appropriate antimicrobial properties against bacteria that cause oral and dental infections, so this herbal medicine can be used as an alternative to standard chlorhexidine drugs. And Nystatin said. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Study of essential oil components of Malva sylvestris juice collected from Meshkinshahr and its anti-bacterial property compared to chlorhexidine on common bacteria of oral infection
Nima Mohammad Nejad Khiavi Hojjat Eghbal Neda Jahani Marzie MehrzadeMalva sylvestris is one of the most important plants used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries is the health of most developed countries. The juice is a potent anti-oxidant strong disinfectant. The leaves and flowers of this plant have a great application in the pr MoreMalva sylvestris is one of the most important plants used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries is the health of most developed countries. The juice is a potent anti-oxidant strong disinfectant. The leaves and flowers of this plant have a great application in the provision of Medicine and treatment in traditional medicine. In this research, Malva sylvestris was collected from the Anzan Meshgin-Shahr area in the northwest of Iran. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger's apparatus, GC and GC/MS devices were used for analysis of essential oil compounds and accurate measurements of the compounds. Then, the effect of the essential oil of the Malva sylvestris and control on the common bacteria of the oral infection evaluated in two ways: Disc deffusion And minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). According to the results, the essential oil of the herb has a significant inhibitory effect on the types of gram negative and positive bacteria. Also, comparing the diameter of the non-growth of the plant with chlorhexin, it was found that the essence of the herb medicine showed relatively similar results to that of the chlorhexin. According to the findings, essential oil of the herb has a good anti-microbial effect against the common bacteria of oral infections. As a result, the essential oil of this plant with different concentrations, after completing studies, can be an appropriate alternative for chemical drugs and chemical mouthwashes in the treatment of oral bacterial infections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Study of essential oil components of Zingiber officinale Essence and comparison of its anti-microbial property with Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on some Bacteria that cause Oral Infections
Nima Mohammad Nejad Khiavi Hojjat Eghbal Neda Jahani Arezou Mohammadi Mehdi Ahmadi Sabegh zohreh Ghzi tabatabaei Amir Kishizadeh MazraejahanGinger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the indigenous medicinal plants of Iran and its antibacterial effects have been proven in some researches. In this research, the antibacterial effect of Ginger essence and comparison with chlorhexidine on some of common oral infect MoreGinger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the indigenous medicinal plants of Iran and its antibacterial effects have been proven in some researches. In this research, the antibacterial effect of Ginger essence and comparison with chlorhexidine on some of common oral infection bacteria was studied. The essential oil of Ginger was extracted by Clevenger's apparatus, GC and GC/MS devices were used for analysis of essential oil compounds and accurate measurements of the compounds. The effect of the essential oil of the Ginger and control on the common bacteria of the oral infection were evaluated using two methods: Disc deffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results of antimicrobial tests showed that ginger had a significant inhibitory effects on a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It was also found that the essential oil of this medicinal plant, in terms of antimicrobial properties, showed relatively similar results to chlorhexidine mouthwash. Ginger essential oil had been shown to have good antimicrobial effects against common bacteria in oral infections. As a result, the essential oil of this plant with different concentrations, after completing studies, can be an appropriate alternative for chemical drugs and chemical mouthwashes in the treatment of oral bacterial infections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Investigating the antibacterial effect of polar, semi-polar and non-polar fractions of Sarhargol plant extract (Echinacea purpura) on some bacteria causing infection in laboratory conditions
behboud jafariازجمله مشکلات شایع در دنیای پزشکی مسئله مقاومت باکتریها در برابر آنتیبیوتیکها بوده است و با توجه به وجود ترکیبات بیولوژیکی فعال در گیاه سرخارگل این گیاه دارای قابلیت ضد باکتریایی قابلملاحظهای می باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر آنتیباکتریال فراکسیونهای قطبی، نیم Moreازجمله مشکلات شایع در دنیای پزشکی مسئله مقاومت باکتریها در برابر آنتیبیوتیکها بوده است و با توجه به وجود ترکیبات بیولوژیکی فعال در گیاه سرخارگل این گیاه دارای قابلیت ضد باکتریایی قابلملاحظهای می باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر آنتیباکتریال فراکسیونهای قطبی، نیمه قطبی و غیرقطبی عصاره گیاه سرخارگل بر روی برخی از میکروب های عامل عفونت در شرایط آزمایشگاهی می باشد. در این مطالعه ابتدا عصاره های متانولی ، کلروفرمی و هگزانی گیاه سرخارگل تهیه شد و تاثیر غلظت های مختلفی از عصاره ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تمامی آزمایش ها با روش های انتشار چاهک و میکروتیتر پلیت بر روی سویه های استاندارد باکتری های استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس، اشریشیاکلی، سودوموناس آئروژینوزا و استرپتوکوکوس موتانس انجام گرفت. یافته ها نشان داد که اثر بازدارندگی عصاره های مختلف گیاه سر خارگل بر روی باکتر های گرم مثبت بیشتر از باکتری های گرم منفی است. همچنین اثر مهاری عصاره ی متانولی نسبت به عصاره های کلروفرمی و هگزانی بیشتر می باشد که در بین باکتر های مورد آزمایش استرپتوکوکوس موتانس و سودوموناس آئروژینوزا به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین حساسیت را داشتند. نتایج حاصله بیانگر آن است که عصاره گیاه سرخارگل دارای اثر ضد باکتریایی است. لذا این عصاره میتواند گزینه مناسبی بر حسب مطالعات آینده تحت شرایط آزمایشگاهی جهت تهیه ی داروهای ضد باکتریایی باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Evaluation of Anti-Bacterial Activity of Lavandula angustifalia Alcoholic and Aquatic Extracts on some Pathogenic Bacteria.
Mehdi Ghiami rad alireza lotfiLavender with the scientific name Lavadul angustifelia belongs to the mint family, and the extract and essence of this plant are widely used in traditional medicine. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the antibacterial effects of alcoholic and aqueou MoreLavender with the scientific name Lavadul angustifelia belongs to the mint family, and the extract and essence of this plant are widely used in traditional medicine. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the antibacterial effects of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of lavender on some pathogenic bacteria. First, alcoholic and aqueous extracts of lavender were prepared by Soxhlet method, and then concentrations of 100 to 0.39% of this extract were prepared and their effect on standard strains of bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mutans, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica and Salmonella enteritidis determined by well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts on the studied bacteria were measured by the micro-titer plate method with the reduction of resazurin dye. The results showed that the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Lavander have a significant inhibitory effect on all five tested bacteria. By increasing the concentration of the extracts, their effect on the studied bacteria increased. Also, both extracts (aqueous and alcoholic) had a greater effect on gram-positive bacteria, so that both Lavender extracts showed the greatest effect on Bacillus subtilis and the least effect on Salmonella enteritidis. The inhibitory and lethality effects of the alcoholic extract was higher than that of the aqueous extract. Alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Lavandula angustifalia have significant inhibitory effects on the growth of pathogenic bacteria, especially gram-positive bacteria, so they can be used to against diseases caused by these bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - A review of the antimicrobial and antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles and silver composites
Zahra Javanshir Maryam MohammadpoorToday, nanoparticles include a wide range of particles with unique properties. Due to their small size and unique properties, these particles can be used in various sciences. Nanoscale biological compounds have unique physical-chemical properties that are In recent year MoreToday, nanoparticles include a wide range of particles with unique properties. Due to their small size and unique properties, these particles can be used in various sciences. Nanoscale biological compounds have unique physical-chemical properties that are In recent years, recently, the efficacy of antimicrobial nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity, has been the focus of researchers and researches have been conducted. In this study, recent advances and research results of researchers in the use of antibacterial and antiseptic properties of silver nanoparticles, silver and silver composites have been reviewed.The search was done on SID and Google Scholar sites. We did not have a time limit for the search, and all the articles that met the entry criteria were included in the study until March 2018. Among the articles found, some of the articles with the conditions including the complete article have antibacterial and anti-infective properties. 10 articles were evaluated. All the articles have anti-bacterial and anti-infective properties of Silver nanoparticles, silver and silver composites have been in different levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Optimal fault-location in smart grids with bfa and ts algorithms with the approach of reducing losses and network costs
Mahmoud Zadehbagheri Mohammadjavad Kiani -
Open Access Article
157 - The Effects of Different Sources of Phosphorous and its Solubilizing Bacteria on Growth of the Hybrid Corn (KSC 704)
سلیمان Mohammadi L. Houshmand H. Kazemi-e- Arbat V. Rashidi S. ArefiTo study the effects of phosphorous of different sources and its solubilizing bacteria on the corn growth an experiment was conducted at Miyandoab Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in 2005 in Iran. The arrangement of experiment was factorial based on R MoreTo study the effects of phosphorous of different sources and its solubilizing bacteria on the corn growth an experiment was conducted at Miyandoab Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in 2005 in Iran. The arrangement of experiment was factorial based on RCB design with three replications. Treatments consisted of four levels of phosphate solubilizing bacteria: control, thiobacillus bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and Thiobacillus bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria and three levels of fertilizer: without fertilizer, rock phosphate and triple super phosphate. In this study 0.5 m2 of each plot was sampled every 15 days intervals and were studied the dry matter per unit area (TDM), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and relative growth rate (RGR) were analyzed. The results showed that the application of thiobacillus bacteria + phosphate solubilizing bacteria + triple super phosphate increased total dry matter (TDM) and crop growth rate (CGR), while relative growth rate (RGR), decreased. LAI increased slowly during early growing stage but increased rapidly when growth proceeded. The highest LAI (4.3), TDM (3451 gr/m2) and CGR (5.41 gr/m2) were obtained from the application of thiobacillus + phosphate solubilizing bacteria triple super phosphate. Similar results were obtained by the application of thiobacillus + phosphate solubilizing bacteria + rock phosphate. It seems that application of thiobacillus + phosphate solubilizing bacteria is useful for availability of phosphorous to plant. Also, application of rock phosphate, due to low cost, availability of phosphorous to plant and its decreased effect on environment pollution can be used instead of other sources of phosphate fertilizers such as triple super phosphate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Use of Phosphorus Solublizing Bacteria and Ammonium Phosphate Fertilizers in Winter Rapeseed Production
H. Madani G.R. Naderi Brojerdi A. PazokiIn order to study of the effect of phosphorus suloblizing bacteria (PSB) and ammonium phosphate (AP) fertilizer on rapeseed yield this field experiments was conducted at Research Farm Station of Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University. Ammonium phosphate applications were MoreIn order to study of the effect of phosphorus suloblizing bacteria (PSB) and ammonium phosphate (AP) fertilizer on rapeseed yield this field experiments was conducted at Research Farm Station of Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University. Ammonium phosphate applications were at 3 rates (0, 125 and 250 kg/ha) and phosphor suloblizing bacteria at 4 levels (not application, application at seeding date in autumn, application at spring and application both in the autumn and spring). The treatments were used as factorial on randomize complete block design arrangement. The results showed that the differences grain yield, no. of pod per plants, no. of seed per pod, 1000 seed weight and harvest index were significant at 5% levels of probability when were used. Generally, oil percent, oil yield, and biomass yield showed significant difference when biological phosphate treatments were applied. Therefore, the effect of interactions among treatments showed significant difference for grain yield, no. of pod per plants and harvest index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Application of Herbicide in Paddy Fields Inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum
Akbar Shirzad Chenari Hashem Aminpanah Peyman SharifiA field experiment was conducted at Rasht, in 2014, to investigate controlling weeds in native Hashemi cultivar paddy fields by different methods of herbicide applications and inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum. The factorial experiment based on a randomized comple MoreA field experiment was conducted at Rasht, in 2014, to investigate controlling weeds in native Hashemi cultivar paddy fields by different methods of herbicide applications and inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum. The factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates was performed. Factors were Azotobacter application with two levels (inoculation with or without Azotobacter chroococcum) and weed management regimes with six levels (pretilachlor plus a supplementary hand weeding, bensulfuron methyl plus a supplementary hand weeding, and pretilachlor + bensulfuron methyl plus a supplementary hand weeding, hand weeding during rice growing period + no herbicide, un-weeded during rice growing period + no herbicide). Results indicated that paddy rice yield was significantly increased by 16% after Azotobacter chroococcum inoculation. Rice paddy yield was significantly reduced in un-weeded plots compared to hand weeded and herbicide treated plots. ANOVA also revealed that there was no interaction effect between Azotobacter chroococcum applications and weed management regimes on paddy and biological yields, indicating that the herbicides had no adverse effect on Azotobacter efficiency in promoting growth and paddy yield of rice. Weed dry weight was reduced by 88, 91, 92, and 94 percentages in weeded plot and plots treated with pretilachlor, bensulfuron methyl, and pretilachlor + bensulfuron methyl, respectively, compared to un-weeded plots. Azotobacter chroococcum inoculation had no significant effect on weed biomass. Overall, the result of this experiment confirmed the feasibility of chemical weed control in paddy fields inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - The Effects of Urea Fertilizer and Azotobacter and Azospirillum on Physiological Charactestis of Maize (Zea mays L.) at Khash, Iran
عباس Soleymanifard R. NaseriTo study the effects of urea fertilizer and bio-fertilizers on grain yield and important agronomic traits in maize (Zea mays L. Sc704), a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Payame Noor University of K MoreTo study the effects of urea fertilizer and bio-fertilizers on grain yield and important agronomic traits in maize (Zea mays L. Sc704), a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Payame Noor University of Khash Research Field during 2011-2012 cropping season. Four different levels of urea consisting of zero, 25% (equal to 87.5 kg.ha-1), 50% (equal to 175 kg.ha-1) and 100% (equal to 350 kg.ha-1) based on the results of soil analysis were assigned to main plot and bio-fertilzers, including Azotobacter, Azospirillum and non- inoculation, to sub plot. Results indicated that nitrogen fertilizer affected the traits under study significantly. The highest and lowest plant height, the number of seed per ear row, the number of grain per row, ears.m-2, 1000 kernel weight, seed yield, bilogocal yield and seed protein content were obtained by using 100% nitrogen fertilizer and control (zero level of urea) respectively. Using bio-feretlizers also had a significant effect on traits under study. Bio-fertilizer had positive effect on seed yield and yield components. Thus, there was a seed yield increase of 8.4% and 8.2% by using Azotobacter and Azospirillum compared to the non- inoculated seeds, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Effect of Azospirillum lipoferum Inoculation, Previous Crop, and Usage Nitrogen on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Growth and Yield
Milad Javadi Hashem AminpanahIncorporation of winter legume crops in rotation with rice and using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can be a proper alternative approach in increasing sustainable crop production in rice fields. A split factorial field experiment using randomized complete block de MoreIncorporation of winter legume crops in rotation with rice and using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can be a proper alternative approach in increasing sustainable crop production in rice fields. A split factorial field experiment using randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Rice Research Station of Tonekabon, Mazandaran province, Iran, in 2014 to evaluate the effects of previous crop, Azospirillum lipoferum inoculation, and N rate on growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Shiroudi). Main plots were consisted of previous crop [berseem clover, faba bean, and control (fallow)] and subplots of Azospirillum lipoferum (Inoculated and Un-inoculated) and recommended rate of N applications (50, 75, and 100 kg.ha-1). Analysis of variance showed that rice paddy yield was significantly affected by previous crop, Azospirillum lipoferum and N rate. Result also showed that rice paddy yield was increased only by 3% when rice was planted after berseem clover as it compared with rice plant after fallow. However, rice paddy yield was significantly reduced by 16% when it was planted after faba bean as compared to that it was planted after fallow. Rice paddy yield was significantly increased by 14% after Azospirillum lipoferum inoculation. Rice paddy yield was significantly increased by 11% when N application increased from 50 to 75 kg N ha-1, and further N application (100 kg N ha-1) did not affect paddy yield significantly. Based on the result of this experiment, planting rice after berseem clover, Azospirillum lipoferum inoculation and application of kg N ha-1 of recommended rates can be used to obtain highest paddy yield in the experimental site. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Effect of N Fertilizer and Growth Stimulating Bacteria on Growth Traits of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under Delayed Sowing Condition
Nosratollah Nosrat Morteza Goldani Javad RezaeiDelayed planting of sugar beet, use of nitrogen fertilizer and growth promoting bacteria are important in accelerating growth and compensating time loss. To study this subject, a split split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 repl MoreDelayed planting of sugar beet, use of nitrogen fertilizer and growth promoting bacteria are important in accelerating growth and compensating time loss. To study this subject, a split split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 8 treatments in 2018 at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The factors under study consisted of planting date with two levels (regular planting, D1, and delayed planting, D2) as the main factor, nitrogen fertilizer with two levels (use of nitrogen fertilizer based on recommended rate, N1 and 25% less than recommended rate, N2) as a subfactors and bacterial growth stimulant with two levels (bacterial inoculation, B2, and without its use, B1) were considered as sub-sub- factors. Growth indices under study were leaf area index, total dry matter, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. In this study, highest leaf area index (3.5) and dry matter accumulation (2898 g.m-2) in thermal unit, as well as growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate under regular and delayed planting dates were due to the use of recommended rate of nitrogen fertilizer and bacterial inoculation treatments. The least amounts of these traits were obtained at both planting dates and use of nitrogen fertilizer, 25% less than the recommendation, and without using bacteria. Root yield and sugar content sugar beet under treatment of bacterial and nitrogen use, based on recommended rate, showed 8 to 10% higher than other treatments, under both regular and delayed planting date. It seems that the combined use of chemical and biological fertilizers is useful in delayed sowing, to compensate delayed time loss planting of sugar beet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Effect of Water Deficit Stress and Seed Biopriming on the Physiological Indices and Antioxidant Activity of Tansey (Tanacetum persicum (Boiss.) Mozaff)
Fatemeh Bahmeh Abdolrazagh Danesh-Shahraki Zahra Lorigooini Mahdi GhobadiniaGrowing medicinal plants is important for utilizing their drug precursors, and preserving the genetic resources and diversity in the ecosystem. Tansyis one of the medicinal plants with its valuable therapeutic and antioxidant properties. To investigate the effect of pla MoreGrowing medicinal plants is important for utilizing their drug precursors, and preserving the genetic resources and diversity in the ecosystem. Tansyis one of the medicinal plants with its valuable therapeutic and antioxidant properties. To investigate the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on the physiological indices and antioxidant activity of tansyunder water deficit stress, a factorial pot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design at the Experimental Farm of Shahrekord University in 2016. The factors consisted at water deficit at three levels: full irrigation (control), 75% full irrigation and 50% full irrigation; and seed biopriming treatments at seven levels: non-bacterial inoculation (control), Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus sp. strain A., Bacillus sp. strain B., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida. The results showed that bacterial inoculation treatments had a significant effect on all of the analyzed traits (p≤0.01). Azotobacter chroococcum inoculation had the most significant effect on chlorophyll a and carotenoids contents, biological yield, essential oil yield, and anthocyanin contents (0.020 µmol.ml-1). Bacillus sp. strain A showed a 2.5-fold increase in proline content compared to that of control, and Bacillus sp. strain B had the greatest effect on antioxidant activity (IC50 5.32 μg.ml-1). Moreover, Pseudomonas fluorescence increased the carotenoids content in 50% full irrigation treatment, and Pseudomonas putida had the highest effect on chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents, membrane stability, and leaf relative water content. The results revealed that the inoculation of Tansyseeds with Azotobacter and Pseudomonas bacteria, especially in deficit irrigation practices, is recommended to alleviate the adverse effects of water stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Ecophysiological Investigation of Intercropping of Maize (Zea mays L.) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) under the Influence of Biofertilizers
auob amiri Mahmood Ramrodi Mohammad Galavi Masoud RafieeTo study the management of different systems of maize (Zea mays) and cow pea (Vigna unguiculata) intercropping affected by biofertilizers in alley cropping, a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design was conducted in 2016 in Aleshtar city, Lore MoreTo study the management of different systems of maize (Zea mays) and cow pea (Vigna unguiculata) intercropping affected by biofertilizers in alley cropping, a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design was conducted in 2016 in Aleshtar city, Lorestan province. The main factor consisted of plant cropping ratios: single cropping of maize (M1), 75% maize + 25% vigna (M2), 50% maize + 50% vigna (M3), 25% maize + 75% vigna (M4), and single cropping of vigna (M5) and the second factor of different combination of biofertilizer consumptions: seed inoculation with 100 g.ha-1 azetobacteria and azospirilum (B1), seed inoculation with 200 g.ha-1 azetobacteria and azospirilum (B2) and without seed inoculation (B3). Results showed that the maize and cowpea yields and their components were influenced by crops and biofertilizer ratios significantly. Highest maize and vigna yields (11350 and 3250 kg.ha-1 respectively) were obtained by 75% maize + 25% vigna treatment. The highest yields of maize and vigna (11850 kg and 3450 kg.ha-1 respectively) were obtained by seed inoculation with 200 g.ha-1 bacteria. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) with an average of 1.55 was observed with cropping ratio of 75% maize + 25% vigna. This indicates the usefulness of intercropping compared with single croppings of these two plants. It can be concluded that the best treatment in this study was 75% maize+ 25% vigna intercropping and seed inoculation with 200 g.ha-1 bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Changes in Seed Oil Yield and its Components of Black Mustard (Brassica nigra L.) as Affected by Rhizobacteria and Growth Regulators under Cadmium Stress Conditions
Ali Barghi Abdolghayoum Gholipoori Akbar Ghavidel Mohammad SedghiCadmium is one of the soil primary pollutants which is categorized as heavy metals and brassicaceae family are able to accumulate high amounts of heavy metals such as cadmium by producing high amounts of dry matter. In order to evaluate fatty acids variation, seed oil p MoreCadmium is one of the soil primary pollutants which is categorized as heavy metals and brassicaceae family are able to accumulate high amounts of heavy metals such as cadmium by producing high amounts of dry matter. In order to evaluate fatty acids variation, seed oil percentage, yield and yield components of black mustard as affected by growth promoting rhizobacteria and growth regulators under cadmium stress condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted at the Research Green House of Mohaghegh Ardabili University with four replications. Experimental treatments were two cadmium levels (0 and 100 milligrams per kilograms of soil), three rhizobacteria levels (control, Azospirillum and Pseudomonas) and three growth regulator levels (control, salicylic acid and brassinosteroid). Mean comparisons indicated that cadmium treatment decreased pods number per plant, grain number per pod, root dry weight, seed oil percentage, oleic, linoleic, eicosenoic and erucic acid percentages, significantly. Growth promoting rhizobacteria increased all of above mentioned parameters significantly, where as, it decreased palmitic acid content. Plant growth regulating sprays resulted in a significant increment in plant yield, shoot and root dry weight, seed oil percentage and all kinds of unsaturated fatty acids while it reduced stearic acid content and saturated fatty acids. The interaction of cadmium×rhizobacteria indicated that both cadmium levels used, along with rhizobacteria treatment, increased plant yield, thousand seed weight, shoot dry weight, linolenic acid and unsaturated fatty acids, where as decreased stearic and saturated fatty acids, significantly. In general, the effects of cadmium on these traits were different. Interaction of cadmium×growth regulators, spray application of growth regulators, under both cadmium levels, reduced palmitic acid and induced unsaturated fatty acids significantly and cadmium application had an inverse result. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Improvement of Quality and Quantity of Alfalfa Forage Yield by Using Chemical and Bio-Fertilizers
H. Madani N. Sajedi H. Gholipoor FadashkThis research was conducted to study the effects of chemical and bio fertilizers on forage yield of alfalfa in a factorial experiment by using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2012-2013 in Arak, Iran. Treatments were chemical fertilizers in four MoreThis research was conducted to study the effects of chemical and bio fertilizers on forage yield of alfalfa in a factorial experiment by using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2012-2013 in Arak, Iran. Treatments were chemical fertilizers in four levels (control, potassium, phosphorus and whole micronutrients) and biological fertilizers in four levels (control, soil potassium solublizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and soil phosphorus solublizing bacteria). The results showed that the highest yield of alfalfa, in the first cut, was 1.76 t/ha by the use of phosphorus solublizing bacteria and 1.57 t/ha by using soil potassium solublizing bacteria. Although in the second cut the differences between chemical fertilizer and their interaction with biological fertilizer was not significant, but application of biological fertilizers could affect alfalfa yield in the second cut significantly. Application of soil potassium solublizing bacteria increased forage yield of alfalfa from 1.74 to 2.48 t/ha. The results also revealed that dry forage yield of alfalfa in control treatment was 2.5 t/ha and it was increased to 3.7 t/ha by using phosphorus solubilizing bacteria which is 1.2 t/ha higher than control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Ability to remove heavy metals by cyanobacterial strains isolated from saline waters of Golestan province
bahareh nowruziAbstract[1]Cyanobacteria are found in every ecological environment from saline to dry metal-contaminated environments. Most strains of these bacteria are capable of producing extracellular polymeric materials from natural polysaccharides. Negative Charge of Extracellula MoreAbstract[1]Cyanobacteria are found in every ecological environment from saline to dry metal-contaminated environments. Most strains of these bacteria are capable of producing extracellular polymeric materials from natural polysaccharides. Negative Charge of Extracellular Polymeric Materials (EPS) Cyanobacteria are widely used to isolate low-concentration metal cations around the cell. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of twenty-five strains of cyanobacteria to remove heavy metals. The twenty-five strains of cyanobacteria isolated from saline waters of Golestan province were cultured after cultivation and purification, with a concentration of 10 mg / l nickel, copper and chromium Became. After twenty-four hours, the rate of metal removal from the solution was measured with differences in metal concentrations before and after contact with cyanobacterial culture. The results were analyzed using SPSS and mean comparision were prtformed with Tukey test. The results of statistical analysis showed that all twenty-five strains of salinity-resistant cyanobacteria were able to easily remove heavy metals, and this indicates the ability of their environment. However, strain N3 (dry weight 513 mg) belonging to the order Nostocales of heterocystic cyanobacteria, with a significant difference, had the highest ability to remove nickel, chromium and copper metals compared to other strains. The results of this study can be an important step towards the introduction of salinity-resistant cyanobacterial strains in the removal of heavy metals. *- Corresponding authors; bahareh.nowruzi@srbiau.ac.ir Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - A review of different methods of green synthesis of nanoparticles by microalgae
bahareh nowruziThe use of microalgae for the synthesis of nanoparticles is a safe, environmentally friendly and inexpensive method with energy saving that produces nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes. Nanoparticles produced by microalgae have various biological, physical and che MoreThe use of microalgae for the synthesis of nanoparticles is a safe, environmentally friendly and inexpensive method with energy saving that produces nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes. Nanoparticles produced by microalgae have various biological, physical and chemical properties that have all-round applications as antimicrobial, anticancer, photocatalytic agents, etc. Although many studies have been conducted on biological synthesis using microorganisms, few studies have been conducted on the synthesis of nanoparticles using cyanobacteria. This article comprehensively describes the production of nanoparticles by cyanobacteria, the abiotic and biotic conditions of their biosynthesis, including lighting, pH, temperature, the type of synthesis process (extracellular and intracellular), the mechanisms related to biological synthesis, and also explain the factors affecting the synthesis process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Dominant bacterial flora of gut in Rainbow trout and probable important viewpoint probiotic
علیرضا MobarhanfardAbstractThis research conducted for recognition of dominant bacterial flora of rainbow trout gut. 20 fingerlings of trout with average weight of 2gr, prepared by Isfahan Fisheries Authority in last winter. The stock of fish reared isolation tank, and during four months MoreAbstractThis research conducted for recognition of dominant bacterial flora of rainbow trout gut. 20 fingerlings of trout with average weight of 2gr, prepared by Isfahan Fisheries Authority in last winter. The stock of fish reared isolation tank, and during four months of rearing period, neither any disinfections nor antibiotic agents have been used. The temperature of farming tank maintained at the range of 10 to 16. After this period, the stock of fish pocked in ewo layer bags and transported at night time to lobaratory of science and Research Unit of Azad University in Tehran. All samples of fish arrived at healthy condition to laboratory. The average weight of fish measured as 30 10g, and total length of 8-12 cm. After word, the fish disinfected by 70% alcohol, and them by the strile apparatus the gut have been removed for primary and subtractive culture. The media used for culture was N.A, M.A, TSI, SIM, and recognition of positive or negative grams carried by staining. In addition, biochemical reagents like methyl red, oxidase – catalase test, sugar fermentation test, gelatin hydrolysis test and starch hydrolysis test for final recognition of bacteria and abundance ratio is carried out. Edwardzillata sp.(8%), itrobacrer sp. (10%), Shewanella sp.(30%), Haemophilus sp.(2%), Plesiomonas sp.(25%), Aero,onas sp.(25%) Dominant bacteria of gut flora in rainbow trout showed following species; Shewanella sp., Plesioonas sp. and Aeromonaa sp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Evaluation of the effect of extracting solvent on antibacterial and antifungal properties of green tea
Aida Parvin N. AnarjanThe plant based antimicrobial compounds have received great attentions last decades. Among plant, green tea is a very interesting medicinal plant due to its various antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of solven MoreThe plant based antimicrobial compounds have received great attentions last decades. Among plant, green tea is a very interesting medicinal plant due to its various antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of solvent type on antimicrobial activity of gained extract. Three common solvent, namely, ethanol (80%), ethyl acetate and hexane were selected as polar, semi polar and non-polar solvents, respectively. The results indicated that among selected solvents, the ethanol (80%) had the highest extraction efficiency (7%) compared to ethyl acetate (3%) and hexane (2%). The antibacterial analysis was also shown that the obtained extract from ethanol (80%) possess the least minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration (250 mg/L) on either selected gram positive Staphylococcus aureus or gram negative E.coli bacteria. Consequently, it shows the highest antibacterial activity compared to other extracts. The ethanol based extract with obtained MIC and MBC concentrations gives antifungal effects as well, with 60% growth inhibition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Phytochemical characteristics and antimicrobial effect of Ziziphora clinopodioides and Coriandrum Sativum seed essential oils and their combination on some food borne pathogenic bacter
S. Abbaszadeh M. Kargozari H. Gandomi NasrAbadiEssential oils and their components have known antibacterial effects. In this study the major components of essential oils of Coriandrum sativum seeds and aerial parts of Ziziphora clinopodioides were identified by means of GC-MS and the effect of different concentratio MoreEssential oils and their components have known antibacterial effects. In this study the major components of essential oils of Coriandrum sativum seeds and aerial parts of Ziziphora clinopodioides were identified by means of GC-MS and the effect of different concentrations of them alone and in combination were then investigated in vitro to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against some foodborne pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus using broth micro-dilution method. The most principle compounds composing Coriander seed essential oil (CEO) were Linalool L,γ-Terpinene, α-Pinene, Geraniol acetate and cymene. Thymol, α-Terpineol, Carvacrol, Linalool L and γ-Terpinene were the main chemical compounds found in Ziziphora essential oil (ZEO). Considering the results of MIC and MBC, B. cereus was the most sensitive (MIC 500ppm, MBC 1000ppm) and S. Typhimurium was the most resistant species (MIC 2000ppm and MBC 5000ppm) against CEO.ZEO also showed more antimicrobial effect against Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus (MIC 500ppm) compared to Gram negative bacteria of E. coli O157:H7andS. Typhimurium (MIC 1000ppm). The results of the evaluation of the combination effect of aforementioned EOs indicated that ZEO+CEO could synergistically suppress the growth ofS.aureus (MIC 125+250 ppm, 250+125 ppm). The results of this study showed that Ziziphora and Coriander EOs when used in combination are more effective against Gram+ bacterial growth especially against S. aureus which is an important bacterial Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Antagonistic effect of native lactic acid bacteria against foodborne bacterial pathogens
A. Tarinejad P. Pourabdi Sarabi M. A. HejaziIdentification of lactic acid bacteria, bacteriocin producing has been noticeable by most researchers. The surveys showed that bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria has antibacterial effect against bacteria of poisoning agent, so these bacteriocins could be used as natur MoreIdentification of lactic acid bacteria, bacteriocin producing has been noticeable by most researchers. The surveys showed that bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria has antibacterial effect against bacteria of poisoning agent, so these bacteriocins could be used as natural preserving of food materials. In this research, antimicrobial activities of bacterial supernatant from 10 native strain of lactic acid bacteria existing in Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Branch of North-West and West Region of Iran evaluated by disk diffusion assay against seven pathogen including Listeria innocua, Bacillus cereus, flexneri Shigella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia entrocolitica, Klebsiella pneumonia. Each test had three replications and the inhibition zone diameter measured in strains and compared with each other. At next step, peptide identification of antibacterial agent was detected by trypsin enzyme treatment. The results represented that lactic acid strains represented good antimicrobial potential against seven bacteria of poisoning agent. Also 15E strain with 6.03mm and 0.167mm inhibition zone diameter versus flexneri shigella and Yersinia entrocolitica showed the highest and lowest rate of suppression, respectively. Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri the sensitive and Bacillus cereus as resistant strain was detected against bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria. Also enzyme treatment result confirm peptide identification of antibacterial agent. T2 native strain could consider as strain with high potential versus gram-negative bacteria like Flexneri shigella, E. coli, Yersinia entrocolitica, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Contamination of spices and herbs marketed in Tabriz: microbial load and diversity of enteric bacteria
S. Moladoust S. HanifianSpices and seasonings are of herbal origin and are used to improve the aroma, flavor, and color of foods. Similar to the other agriculture products, microbial contamination of spice plants are a great challenge to the wholesomeness of foodstuff. Enterobacteriaceae are o MoreSpices and seasonings are of herbal origin and are used to improve the aroma, flavor, and color of foods. Similar to the other agriculture products, microbial contamination of spice plants are a great challenge to the wholesomeness of foodstuff. Enterobacteriaceae are of great concern in food hygiene so that the determination of enteric bacteria is the most regular assay for the evaluation of food safety. This study aimed to investigate the microbiological load and the diversity of enteric bacteria in spices and herbs marketed in Tabriz. A total of 125 samples consisting 25 types of spices and herbs from 5 distinct regions of Tabriz was collected. According to the results, all samples contained aerobic mesophilic bacteria and coliforms. In 28% and 40% of the samples, the mean population of aerobic mesophilic bacteria and coliforms were beyond the ICMSF limit, respectively. Moreover, 110 isolates of enteric bacteria consisting 13 various species were identified. Highest and lowest occurrence rate of enteric bacteria was determined as Escherichia coli (21.81%) and Salmonella enterica (0.9%), respectively. Excessive microbial contamination of the samples and particularly, the presence of various enteric bacteria -with the potential of pathogenicity- is considered as an indication of health hazard. Therefore, it is necessary to apply appropriate decontamination procedures such as thermal processes, ozone treatment or irradiation in order to eradicate the microbial contamination of spices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Masske, camel dough, and local yogurt against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger
A. Nasrollahzadeh M. Khomeiri A. Sadeghi M. Mahmoudi M. EbrahimiIn animal and food products, different types of chemical preservatives and antibiotics are used to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus and other toxicogenic fungi. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated fro MoreIn animal and food products, different types of chemical preservatives and antibiotics are used to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus and other toxicogenic fungi. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Masske, Chal, and local yogurt against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. For this purpose, isolates previously tested for antibacterial effects were used. The isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum B38, Enterococcus faecium 8C and Lactobacillus ramonosus Y89 with the highest inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria were selected and their antifungal effects against toxin-producing molds were evaluated using the overlay method. The results showed that lactic acid isolates at the end of the fourth day prevented the growth of Aspergillus niger and Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus plantarum showed 70.84%, 37.65% and 43.31% of inhibitory activity, respectively. The results also showed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus had the highest (62.35%) inhibitory effect on Aspergillus niger (p < 0.05). The results of the study on the effect of lactic acid isolates on the growth of Aspergillus flavus showed that all tested bacteria had inhibitory properties on the molds and Lactobacillus rhamnosus with 83.8% had the highest inhibitory effect on Aspergillus flavus (p < 0.05). Consequently, due to the inhibitory ability of the lactic acid bacteria, they can be used as bio-preservatives along with synthetic preservatives in the food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Biochemical and antimicrobial properties of bacterial endophytes isolated from yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and tragacanth (Astragalus Gossypium) in Fars geographical regions
Z. Erjaee S.S. Shekarforoush S. HosseinzadehYarrow (Achillea millefolium) and tragacanth (Astragalus Gossypium) are medicinal plants in the Middle East that have been used for medical purposes. The presence of endophytic bacteria in the medicinal plants has been recently focused by many researchers. Endophytes ar MoreYarrow (Achillea millefolium) and tragacanth (Astragalus Gossypium) are medicinal plants in the Middle East that have been used for medical purposes. The presence of endophytic bacteria in the medicinal plants has been recently focused by many researchers. Endophytes are bacteria and fungi in the inner parts of the plant tissues which in addition to their benefits for the plants, contain effective bioactive compounds. In this research, endophytic bacteria were isolated from yarrow and tragacanth. Their antifungal and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Escherichia coli (ATTC 35218), Salmonella Typhimurium(ATCC 14028), Listeria monocytogenes (PTCC 1163) and Aspergillus niger (PTCC 5154) were assessed using disk diffusion method. Bacteria having antimicrobial activity were further identified by 16S rDNA, biochemical characteristics and enzyme activities. The bacteria isolated from yarrow and tragacanth were found as Bacillus safensis and Bacillus pumilus, respectively. These isolates showed inhibitory effects against the tested fungi. B. safensis could ferment D- glucose, sucrose, mannitol, and lactose. The activities of oxidase, catalase, gelatinase, protease, and amylase enzymes were also investigated. B. pumilus could only ferment D-glucose and represented the activities of oxidase, catalase, and amylase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Study of chemical and microbial characteristics of camel raw milk and identification of dominant flora of lactic acid bacteria by PCR method in Semnan
M. Parsaeimehr h. staji A. jebelli javan F. Arab A. Salimi A. Faraki M. KanaaniCamel milk is considered as the most important sources of nutrition in terms of protein, vitamins and minerals, which is important for health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical properties, microbial profile and the presence of lactic acid bacteria in ca MoreCamel milk is considered as the most important sources of nutrition in terms of protein, vitamins and minerals, which is important for health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical properties, microbial profile and the presence of lactic acid bacteria in camel milk. In this study, 24 samples of camel milk from Semnan's livestock farms were collected randomly in a month and were taken to the Food Health Laboratory under aseptic condition and then analyzed for chemical and microbial characterization. The percentage of protein, pH and fat percentage are in the range of 1 to 3 percent, 6 to 6.6 and 2 to 3.5 percent respectively. The average logarithm number of aerobic bacteria, enterococcus, micrococcus, aerobic and anaerobic lactic acid bacteria and mold and yeast were 6.08± 0/06, 3/66± .072, 4.14± 0.06, 5/24± 0.42, 5.18± 0.35, 3/84± 1.15 log cfu g-1, respectively. It should be noted that coliform and Enterobacteriaceae were not isolated from any of the camel milk samples. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 2.78 to 4.49 cfu log g-1. In addition, identification of isolates of lactic acid bacteria was performed by sequencing of 16s rDNA. Accordingly, the isolates belong to Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus pasturianus, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. The results of this study showed the microbial diversity in camel milk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Antibacterial effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) in water treatment
N. Shabani A. Javadi H. Jafarizadeh-Malmiri H. Mirzaei J. SadeghiIn water applications, improper drainage systems increase the pollution of water resources. This study aimed to find an eco-friendly water disinfectant in the coagulation stage of drinking water treatment plants. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized MoreIn water applications, improper drainage systems increase the pollution of water resources. This study aimed to find an eco-friendly water disinfectant in the coagulation stage of drinking water treatment plants. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The antibacterial activity of iron oxide nanoparticles was assessed on six important water-polluting bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus). The results showed that the highest effect of synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles with MIC< 0.07 μg/ml is against B. cereus and E. faecalis. In addition, iron oxide nanoparticles had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC= 0.3 μg/ml and in K. pneumoniae with MIC= 1.25 and P. aeruginosa and E. coli with MIC= 0.6 μg/ml. MBC results showed that iron oxide nanoparticles were to eliminate 99.9% of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria at a concentration of 1.25 μg/ml and K. pneumoniae at a concentration of 2.5 μg/ml. The obtained results show the antibacterial potential of nanoparticles for use in water treatment. It seems that the use of Fe3O4 nanoparticles as adsorbents in the water treatment process can be an efficient and economical alternative to disinfect water in the early stages of water treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Antimicrobial properties of nanocomposite films containing silver nanoparticles
M. Pouyamanesh H. Ahari A.A. Anvar G. KarimMetal particles are added to polymers used in the food packaging to improve their mechanical and antimicrobial properties. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of low-density polyethylene nanocomposite (LDPE) containing 17.5%, 12.5%, 7.5%, and 2.5% silver nanopar MoreMetal particles are added to polymers used in the food packaging to improve their mechanical and antimicrobial properties. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of low-density polyethylene nanocomposite (LDPE) containing 17.5%, 12.5%, 7.5%, and 2.5% silver nanoparticles were investigated. UV-Visible, SEM, and XRD tests were used to confirmation of the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, characterization of silver particle distribution, and silver crystal structure. Crystal nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nanometers were approved. To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of silver nanocomposites, bacterial growth in the presence of nanosilver films with the mentioned percentages was measured by optical density (OD) method via spectrophotometer (600 nm). Besides, the migration of nanoparticles was measured. The results showed that the coating containing 17.5% and 2.5% nanosilver had the highest and the lowest effect, respectively and in comparison to the other groups. Also, comparing the effect of coatings on two types of food pathogens, E. coli and S. aureus, showed that the effect of coatings on S. aureus was higher. The results showed a correlation between the percentage of silver nanoparticles used and antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, with increasing the percentage of silver nanoparticles, the releasing rate of nanoparticles from the coating increased. Finally, due to the migration of silver nanoparticles from all four types of nanocomposite coatings in the permitted range, 17.5% coating was selected as the most efficient one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Antibacterial activity of zinc aluminate nanoparticles against foodborne pathogenic bacteria of E. coli and P. aeruginosa
A. Taheri M. Ziaadini M. GahramzeiMaterials in nanoscale dimensions have a high surface-to-volume ratio, and thus have better reactions with other materials. The development of nanotechnology over the past decades has opened up opportunities for discovering the antibacterial effects of metallic nanopart MoreMaterials in nanoscale dimensions have a high surface-to-volume ratio, and thus have better reactions with other materials. The development of nanotechnology over the past decades has opened up opportunities for discovering the antibacterial effects of metallic nanoparticles. In this study, the antibacterial properties of nanoparticles on aluminate (ZnAl2O4) were studied on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Antibacterial activity was assessed by using the disk diffusion method on agar using nanoparticles on synthesized aluminate. The non-growth halo diameter indicates the sensitivity of bacteria to antimicrobials. The minimum inhibitory concentration of bacterial growth (MIC) and minimum bacterial leaching concentration (MBC) was measured by microdilution in sterile tubes. Statistical analysis was done by T-test. The results of this study showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitivity (16.06±1.8mm) was higher than E. coli (11.64±2.2mm) (p < 0.05). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bactericidal concentration MBC of bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli bacteria MIC and MBC was lacking. According to the results obtained in this study, we conclude that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more sensitive to alumina than that of E. coli against nanoparticles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Inhibitory effect of nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis on survival of Listeria monocytogenes strains in ultra-filtered white cheese
S. R. Hamidi S. HanifianListeria monocytogenes (Lm) is an important foodborne pathogen that is of great importance in milk and its products. Despite the measures taken to eliminate and control Lm contamination in pasteurized milk products, but due to its high spread in the environment, there i MoreListeria monocytogenes (Lm) is an important foodborne pathogen that is of great importance in milk and its products. Despite the measures taken to eliminate and control Lm contamination in pasteurized milk products, but due to its high spread in the environment, there is a possibility of secondary contamination in products such as Ultra-filtered (UF) white cheese. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis on Lm in Ultra-filtered white cheese. Ultra-filtrated and pasteurized cow's milk was inoculated with 3 Log CFU/g of standard or native strains of Lm and control and treatment (containing nisin-producing L. lactis) cheese samples were manufactured. Changes in the population of Lm and nisin concentration were estimated throughout the storage period. According to the results, in all groups, the population of Lm began to decrease from day five onwards. Nonetheless, the decreasing trend in the treatment samples and in parallel with the production of nisin was significant (p < 0.01). The native strain of Lm was significantly (p < 0.01) more resistant than the standard one. Since the nisin-producing L. lactis, despite inhibiting Lm, did not negatively affect the growth of starter bacteria and the resulting pH decline of the cheese samples. Consequently, nisin-producing L. lactis can be used to control some bacterial contamination of the UF white cheese. It is also necessary to study the behavior of native strains isolated from food samples along with laboratory strains in inoculation studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Bioactive products of cyanobacteria and microalgae as valuable dietary and medicinal supplements
S. A.A. Anvar B. Nowruzi M. TalaCyanobacteria and microalgae have great potential to produce a wide variety of biotoxic and non-toxic biologically active compounds and could lead to the development of the food and pharmaceutical industries soon. The commercial proliferation of algae on a large scale i MoreCyanobacteria and microalgae have great potential to produce a wide variety of biotoxic and non-toxic biologically active compounds and could lead to the development of the food and pharmaceutical industries soon. The commercial proliferation of algae on a large scale is due to their ability to produce a wide range of valuable secondary metabolites such as polyunsaturated monounsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, glycerol, glycoproteins, antioxidant compounds, and antibiotics. Today, with the potential spread of bacterial resistance and reduced efficacy of existing antibiotics, researchers are looking to find new antibiotics among the products produced by microalgae. However, many cyanobacterial strains contain toxic compounds that cause the death of many humans and animals. In this review article, an attempt has been made to introduce valuable biologically active products along with various types of cyanotoxins in foods and treatment methods by collecting the latest research. It is hoped that the results of this study could pave the way for the introduction of valuable metabolites produced by cyanobacteria and microalgae in the food and pharmaceutical industries. TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back //TRANSLATE with xEnglishArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW BackEMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster PortalBack// Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Presented in Qom city and the antibiotic resistance Investigation of the prevalence of Arcobacter, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter and Bacillus cereus in sandwiches of the isolates
Seyed erfan Hoseini nasab najmeh vahed dehkordi Ebrahim RahimiNowadays, due to the existence of different occupations, it is not possible to cook food for all the people of a society, and most of the people have turned to using ready-made foods, which, in addition to all its advantages, can be a source of They are important bacter MoreNowadays, due to the existence of different occupations, it is not possible to cook food for all the people of a society, and most of the people have turned to using ready-made foods, which, in addition to all its advantages, can be a source of They are important bacterial contaminations that cause the spread of gastroenteritis. In this regard, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Arcobacter, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter and Bacillus cereus in sandwiches offered in Qom city and the antibiotic resistance of the isolates. 120 samples, including 30 samples of samosas, salads, traditional chicken nuggets, traditional hamburgers from the supply centers of Qom city, were randomly separated and transported to the food hygiene laboratory of Shahrekord Azad University along with ice flasks to prevent secondary contamination. The standards were evaluated. The results showed that Arcobacter 28.83%, Pseudomonas 16.65%, Bacillus cereus 23.35% and Campylobacter 14.75% were the highest and lowest contamination rates for Arcobacter and Campylobacter respectively. The highest level of resistance to antibiotics was related to Bacillus cereus with 78.56% and the lowest resistance was related to Campylobacter with 53.7%. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the consumption of street food to a minimum, and in case of gastroenteritis caused by food contamination, the use of antibiotics should also be minimized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - A comprehensive review on the structure, properties and application of phycocyanin pigment
R. Safari S. Reyhani Poul Sakineh YeganehThis review aims to evaluate the intrinsic properties and different applications of phycocyanin pigment in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, in each section, a detailed history of the research conducted in the field of phycocyanin is presented. Phycoc MoreThis review aims to evaluate the intrinsic properties and different applications of phycocyanin pigment in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, in each section, a detailed history of the research conducted in the field of phycocyanin is presented. Phycocyanin is a blue pigment, a light receiver with antioxidant and fluorescent properties in cyanobacteria, and two algae from the genus rhodophytes and cryptophytes. Phycocyanin pigment consists of two relatively similar subunits α and β. The alpha chain contains one phycocyanobilin attached to cysteine 89 and the beta chain contains two phycocyanobilins attached to cysteines 84 and 155. Phycocyanin is commercially produced from spirulina algae (spirulina platensis), in the form of photoautotrophic cultures, and open environments in large ponds or pools in tropical or subtropical areas at the edges of oceans. This pigment can be extracted from the mentioned algae by using different techniques such as enzymatic method, ultrasound, freezing-defrosting, mineral solvent, homogenization, stress and osmotic shock, high hydrostatic pressure, ultracentrifuge, and ultra homogenization. Depending on the extraction conditions, each method has its advantages and disadvantages, but the enzymatic and ultrasound methods are more efficient than other methods. Phycocyanin has many medicinal and therapeutic properties, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory; In addition, the positive effect of this pigment on nerve cells, kidneys, and the immune system has been confirmed. Phycocyanin, having three colorings, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, has the potential to be used in various food formulations, such as yogurt, cheese, ice cream, etc., which have been proven in various research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Evaluation of the relationship of molecular weight of bioactive peptides resulting from enzymatic hydrolysis of Vanami shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) head and shell with their antibacterial, antioxidant and functional properties
S. Reyhani Poul S. Yeganeh R. SafariThe current research aimed to determine the relationship between the molecular weight of bioactive peptides produced from Vanami shrimp wastes with their antibacterial, antioxidant activity, and functional properties. For this purpose, after performing the hydrolysis pr MoreThe current research aimed to determine the relationship between the molecular weight of bioactive peptides produced from Vanami shrimp wastes with their antibacterial, antioxidant activity, and functional properties. For this purpose, after performing the hydrolysis process, using ultrafiltration, peptides with a molecular weight of less than 3, between 3 and 10, and more than 10 kDa were separated and used for various tests. According to the results, peptides with a molecular weight of 3 to 10 kDa showed the highest growth inhibitory activity of Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus (p< 0.05). The highest solubility and water holding capacity were related to peptides with molecular weight less than 3 kDa (p<0.05). Among different molecular weights, the maximum emulsifying activity and emulsion stability indices were measured in peptides with a molecular weight between 3 and 10 kDa (p<0.05). The strongest peptides in terms of foaming activity and foam stability index as well as oil absorption capacity were peptides with a molecular weight of more than 10 kDa (p<0.05). The results of the evaluation of the antioxidant activity (Free radical scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTS) of peptides showed peptides with a molecular weight of less than 3 kDa have the highest antioxidant properties (p<0.05). It was concluded that the properties of bioactive peptides change considerably under the influence of molecular weight and each of the peptides in a particular molecular weight has more properties and efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Investigation of changes in the qualitative, oxidative and microbial indices of minced and non-minced beef during the freezing storage
F. Taiar A. Gharekhani A. TukmechiOne of the best ways to preserve meat is to freeze it, which can keep the meat in a natural state without significant spoilage. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the effect of storage time (1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) in freezing (temperature -18 ° C) on MoreOne of the best ways to preserve meat is to freeze it, which can keep the meat in a natural state without significant spoilage. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the effect of storage time (1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) in freezing (temperature -18 ° C) on chemical properties (humidity, ash, fat and protein), oxidation indices (peroxide, Conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid), number of psychrophilic bacteria and structure of minced and non-minced beef fatty acids. The results showed that with increasing storage time, the amount of humidity and protein decreased, but the peroxide index, conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid increased and there was no significant change in the amount of fat and ash in the samples. However, oxidation indexes of peroxide, conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid in minced beef were not higher than minced meat. The maximum amount of peroxide (1.2 meqO2/kg) was related to the minced meat sample during 28 days of storage at freezing temperature. Based on gas chromatographic findings, there is no difference between minced meat and minced meat in terms of short chain fatty acids C10 to C20, and the amount of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in minced meat is higher than minced meat. The results of bacterial count showed that the number of psychrophilic bacteria in meat samples did not increase during storage of meat at freezing temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Effects of Echinophora platyloba bacterial endophytes on Streptococcus agalactiae and Cryptococcus neoformans
َA. Mirabbasi najaf abadi S. Shahrokh shahraki A. MokhtariEndophytes are fungi, bacteria, or yeast symbionts that live in the intercellular spaces or vascular tissues of host plants. The Echinophora platyloba endophytes with production of seondray metabolites and compunend has antifungal and antibacterial properties and prolna MoreEndophytes are fungi, bacteria, or yeast symbionts that live in the intercellular spaces or vascular tissues of host plants. The Echinophora platyloba endophytes with production of seondray metabolites and compunend has antifungal and antibacterial properties and prolnages the shelf-time food. The present study was designed to isolate and evaluate the effects of Echinophora platyloba bacterial endophytes and their antifungal and antibacterial properties on Streptococcus agalactiae and Cryptococcus neoformans. Plant components were randomly collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran, and then cleaned and sterilized. Bacterial endophytes were isolated after culturing plant components in YEA and PA media and the antimicrobial properties of endophytes were investigated by studying structural factors (by chloroform) as well as endophyte metabolites. A total of 12 bacterial endophytes were isolated from different parts of leaves, stems and roots of Echinophora platyloba and showed favorable inhibitory effects on Streptococcus agalactiae and Cryptococcus neoformans. In general, secretory metabolites derived from bacterial endophytes showed stronger inhibitory effects than structural factors against these pathogens. The results of this study indicate the efficacy and potential of Echinophora platyloba bacterial endophytes in inhibiting human pathogens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Antimicrobial effects of lactic acid bacteria with probiotic ability isolated from traditional yogurts on foodborne pathogenic microorganisms
M. Sadeghi A. Tarinejad M. A. Hejazi Y. NamiThe growth of contaminating microorganisms in food products causes serious diseases in humans, and the use of lactic acid bacteria to control these contaminants is a promising and developing method. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from traditional yogu MoreThe growth of contaminating microorganisms in food products causes serious diseases in humans, and the use of lactic acid bacteria to control these contaminants is a promising and developing method. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from traditional yogurts and a total of 140 isolates were isolated. The probiotic potential of these lactic acid bacteria including resistance to acidic conditions, resistance to bile salts and sensitivity to ten important antibiotics were investigated and then bacteria with probiotic potential were used to inhibit food pathogens. The measured halo diameters of the bacterial medium were measured and recorded, and the antimicrobial properties of the strains were compared. ARDRA technique was also used to identify the strains. The results showed that all strains have excellent tolerance to pH 2.5 and bile salt of 0.3% and isolates Numbers 12, 100 and 102 are recognized as the most resistant strains against studied food pathogens. Findings from this study showed that yogurt samples are an important source for the production of bacteria with probiotic potential with antimicrobial activity and can be used against food pathogens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Investigating the amount of heavy metals and the prevalence of Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus contamination of button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) presentation in Isfahan city
Maryam Sadat Emami Amir Shakerian Ebrahim RahimiOne of the products that is able to provide vitamins and amino acids needed for humans in the current conditions is edible button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Despite its properties, this food item can be the cause of many minerals and heavy metals due to its direct co MoreOne of the products that is able to provide vitamins and amino acids needed for humans in the current conditions is edible button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Despite its properties, this food item can be the cause of many minerals and heavy metals due to its direct connection with the soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of heavy metals and fungal acids in Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus in Isfahan city. In this study, 100 samples of edible button mushrooms were randomly selected from the supply centers of this product in Isfahan city and transported to the food hygiene laboratory of Shahrekord Azad University for chemical and microbiological tests. SPSS version 23 software and chi-square statistical analysis were used to analyze the data. According to the obtained results, out of 100 samples, 24 samples (24%) were infected with Campylobacter, 17 samples (17%) with Escherichia coli, 40 samples (40%) with Salmonella and 56 samples (56%) with Staphylococcus aureus. . Also, according to the results, the consumption of heavy metals, including lead, cadmium and arsenic, exceeded the standard. Based on the results obtained from the present study and pathogenic bacteria in mushrooms, it is necessary to be extremely careful in preparing edible mushrooms and refuse to eat them raw. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - A review of recent developments in the use of cyanobacteria and microalgae in improving the quality and increasing the shelf life of seafood products
Mahshid Alibabai Amir-Eghbal Khajeh-Rahimi Bahareh NowruziFood products spoil very quickly due to microbial, chemical, and enzymatic reactions that are the main cause of rapid quality deterioration. Nowadays, there is increasing consumer demand for high-quality foods with natural preservatives such as microalgae extracts. Micr MoreFood products spoil very quickly due to microbial, chemical, and enzymatic reactions that are the main cause of rapid quality deterioration. Nowadays, there is increasing consumer demand for high-quality foods with natural preservatives such as microalgae extracts. Microalgae are potential alternatives to reduce microbial growth, increase oxidative stability, and protect the sensory characteristics of foods. Researchers showed that the use of microalgae extracts in the diet of aquatic animals can increase meat quality and production. In this review article, the direct application of various microalgae extracts as seafood preservatives and their functional properties in seafood, such as: (antioxidant and antimicrobial activities) are investigated. In addition, the potential application of microalgae extracts in the composition of foods and their effect on the quality of foods are also presented. The result of reviewing many articles showed that despite the many advantages of microalgae, there are still many challenges in the production and use of microalgae biomass or its derivatives in the food industry, hence the safety assessment and the use of ideal concentrations for studies. Future studies are still necessary to determine the optimal concentration for the large-scale use of microalgae extracts in industry and seafood, to develop effective strategies or to prevent the occurrence of food product spoilage, as well as to increase the welfare of consumers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Investigating the antimicrobial properties of edible film of polylactic acid-Iranian tragacanth gum along with the essential oil of Zygophyllum eichwaldi on the microbial spoilage of ostrich thigh meat at refrigerator temperature
Azin Kiakojori peiman ariaii Roya Bagheri Mahro EsmaeiliThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of PLA- Iranian tragacanth gum composite film with Zygophyllum eichwaldi essential oil on the microbial characteristics of ostrich thigh meat stored at 4°C. For this purpose, first, 5 film tre MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of PLA- Iranian tragacanth gum composite film with Zygophyllum eichwaldi essential oil on the microbial characteristics of ostrich thigh meat stored at 4°C. For this purpose, first, 5 film treatments including: PLA, PLA+ gum and PLA+ gum with concentrations of 0.5%, 1.5% and 1.5% essential oil to determine the microbial properties of the film and then the effect of the mentioned films along with the control treatment (without film) was evaluated on the microbial factor (total bacterial count, psychrophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and lactic acid) in the ostrich fillet samples tested on days 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 and the resulting data were SPSS software was analyzed. According to the results, adding essential oil to the film increased the antimicrobial activity of the films, and with increasing concentration, better results were observed (P<0.05) and the antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria was higher than gram-negative bacteria. The results of the second part of this study showed that the samples packed with composite films containing essential oil showed lower (P<0.05) microbial changes than the control samples without essential oil during the study, and the film containing 0.5 and 1% of essential oil had the best effects compared to other groups (P<0.05). Therefore, the use of PLA- Iranian tragacanth gum film containing Zygophyllum eichwaldi essential oil in the packaging of ostrich meat has a very favorable effect in controlling the microbial characteristics effective in meat spoilage and increases its shelf life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Study on the overview on food borne bacteria in foodstuffs with animal origin in Iran; Part two: meat and meat products
S.S Shekarforoush نوردهر Rokni گیتی Karim S.M Razavi Rohani S.M.M Kiaie مریم Abbasvali The present study was aimed to review the contamination of meat and meat products with pathogenic bacteria in Iran. Little information is available about the contamination of meat and meat products with Bacillus cereus, because of the low contamination rate More The present study was aimed to review the contamination of meat and meat products with pathogenic bacteria in Iran. Little information is available about the contamination of meat and meat products with Bacillus cereus, because of the low contamination rate with the microorganism. The situation is about the same with Brucella, as the microorganism can hardly be seen in the muscles. However, not too many information is available on the contamination with Campylobacter jejuni, even though, the contamination of chicken meat with the campylobacter was addressed. Clostridium butolinum was the main discriminated bacterium to contaminate fish and its products and canned meats. Studies revealed that the big portions of meat were less likely contaminated with E. coli compared to the minced meat. Our study showed that the cross contamination of sausage is often occurred after the production chain. The situation was possibly attributed to the improvement of hygienic conditions of slaughter-houses and meat industries. Limited information was found on the contamination with Listeria monocytogenes and available data indicate that the microorganism can be present in meat and meat products. The most important factor for prevention of contamination is restricted inspection of slaughtered animals before slaughter and omission of diseased animals. Much information was accessible on the cross contamination with Salmonella in Iran and elsewhere. Salmonellosis is not common in the slaughtered animals despite its epidemiological and public health issues. The problem was also associated with the restricted inspection. Study about the staphylococcal contamination of meat was proportionately numerous. The contamination was mostly occurred in the minced Kebab in the warm seasons of the year. Generally, a low percentage of such contaminations were found in the meat products and sausage, in the surveys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Nanoencapsulation of green tea extract by thin film layer method and its properties
B. Noudoost N. Noori H. Gandomi A. Akhondzadeh BastiThe application of natural compounds including green tea extract (GTE) in food preparation and pharmaceutical industries is limited. Encapsulation in nanoliposomes could be used as a delivery system to protect these compounds during processing and storage. In this study MoreThe application of natural compounds including green tea extract (GTE) in food preparation and pharmaceutical industries is limited. Encapsulation in nanoliposomes could be used as a delivery system to protect these compounds during processing and storage. In this study physicochemical characterization, total phenol content and antibacterial and antioxidant activity of green tea extract encapsulated in nanoliposomes were evaluated. GTE was encapsulated in liposomes by thin film layer method and reached to nanoscale with sonication. The antioxidant activity of nanoliposomal GTE was estimated by DPPH assay. The antibacterial activity of nanoliposomal GTE against Bacillus cereus (ATCC11778), Salmonella typhimurium 138 phage type 2, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC19118) was determined using well diffusion technique. The mean diameter of nanoliposomes was about 44.7±1.9 nm and had 0.203±0.014 polydispersity index. Entrapment efficiency of nanoliposomal GTE under the optimum conditions was 97%. Antibacterial activity of GTE was significantly increased after encapsulation in nanoliposomes. The strongest antibacterial activity of nanoliposomal GTE was seen against L. monocytogenes with an inhibition zone of 16.2 mm while E. coli was the most resistance strain with an inhibition zone of 14 mm. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of GTE was significantly increased after nanoliposome encapsulation since the IC50 value of nanoliposomal GTE was decreased to 1.78 μg/ml. Nanoencapsulation effectively enhanced beneficial properties of GTE including antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Study on the overview on foodborne bacteria in foodstuffs with animal origin in Iran; Part one: milk and dairy products
S.S Shekarforoush گیتی Karim S.M Razavi Rohani S.M.M Kiaie نوردهر Rokni مریم Abbasvali In this study contamination of milk and dairy products with pathogenic bacteria in Iran has been reviewed. There are many surveys in some cases, while there is no information about some pathogenic bacteria in milk or very few data is available. It should be More In this study contamination of milk and dairy products with pathogenic bacteria in Iran has been reviewed. There are many surveys in some cases, while there is no information about some pathogenic bacteria in milk or very few data is available. It should be point out that the results come from the cross sectional surveys are needed for further epidemiological and experimental studies. In general the contamination of milk and dairy products has decreased in the course of time as the production methods and producer’s knowledge increased. On the other hand application of new and precise methods of detection and investigation of bacteria lead to excess detection of pathogenic microorganisms in milk. Therefore regular continuation of cross sectional studies along with using precise and sensitive methods of sampling and analysis of bacteria are necessitated. Besides making available of needed data about the contamination of milk and milk products with pathogenic bacteria, this information make enable to adopt the effective preventive precautions for elimination or reduction of contamination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Investigation of antibacterial effects of ethanolic extract of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) against Escherichia coli in vitro
حمدالله Moshtaghi مریم Abbasvali الناز Mohammadi A.R Safian میلاد Adel The antibacterial effect of etbhanolic extract of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) was investigated quantitatively and qualitatively on Escherichia coli. The results of well diffusion test showed that extracts of Sumac in concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 2.5% and 5% coul More The antibacterial effect of etbhanolic extract of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) was investigated quantitatively and qualitatively on Escherichia coli. The results of well diffusion test showed that extracts of Sumac in concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 2.5% and 5% could inhibited E. coli. In this study it was shown that MIC of the alcoholic extract of Sumac against E. coli was 6.25 mg/ml and its MBC against this bacterium was 50 mg/ml. The results from evaluation of the antibacterial effects of the Sumac revealed that at 4 and 15 °C, the growth of E. coli in test tubes containing meat extracts has increased Throughout the 48 h of incubation period. Results showed that the growth of this bacteria in different concentration of Sumac extract as decreased in the both tested temperatures in comparison to time zero (p<0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the number of microorganism at various times between control and experimental groups in both tested temperatures (p<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Investigating of the bacteriological contamination in traditionally manufactured ice creams in Urmia city
حسن Hassanzadazar رضا Abdollahi GH Haj Gholizadeh محمد Dalir Rad تورج MehdizadehIce cream is a popular dairy product especially in warm seasons. Due to its lengthy shelf life, it is considered as one of the potentially high-risk foods in transmission of food-borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial contamination of ice c MoreIce cream is a popular dairy product especially in warm seasons. Due to its lengthy shelf life, it is considered as one of the potentially high-risk foods in transmission of food-borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial contamination of ice cream in Urmia city. To achieve this goal, Urmia city was divided into four regions based on scattering of the ice cream retailers. Afterwards, 144 samples were purchased from traditional retails using cluster sampling method. Bacterial contamination of the samples was analyzed according to the procedures of the Iranian National Standards. Based on the results, 78% of the samples contained the load of contamination higher than 4.2 × 107 CFU/g. Moreover, 82.9% of the samples were contaminated with more than 10 CFU of Enterobacteriaceae per gram. Results also revealed that 52.2% and 2.8% of the samples were contaminated with E. coli and coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Salmonella was not detected in any of the samples. High microbial contaminations in traditional ice creams represent non-hygienic practices at different stages of production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Relationship between putrescine and histamine contents with the populations of aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Shiraz market
Ali Ghorbani ranjbary رزا Akrami رضا Sharifi RayeniBiogenic amines are small organic molecules with an aromatic and hydrocyclic structure. These compounds are formed duo to the decarboxylation of foods’ free amino acids by microbial enzymes. The aim of present study was to investigate the possibility of using putr MoreBiogenic amines are small organic molecules with an aromatic and hydrocyclic structure. These compounds are formed duo to the decarboxylation of foods’ free amino acids by microbial enzymes. The aim of present study was to investigate the possibility of using putrescine and histamine contents as an indicator to assess the freshness of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Therefore, using HPLC the concentrations of putrescine and histamine was determined in cold-stored rainbow trout samples. The samples were analysed every 3 days from day 0 to 18. Based on results, histamine was not detected at the first and third days of the storage, however putrescine was estimated at 1.30±0.03 µg/g. Initial concentrations of histamine and putrescine were 0.7 and 1.2 µg/g respectively. Theses parameters reached to 13.5 and 18 mg/g at the end of 18 days of storage which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Moreover, a direct and significant relationship was observed between the load of aerobic mesophilic bacteria and histamine contents in the fish samples. Similar relation (p<0.05) was found between the load of psychrotrophic bacteria and putrescine content. Consequently, histamine and putrescine concentrations could be used as an indicator to assess the freshness of rainbow trout. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Introduction and comparison of measurement methods of antifungal properties of lactic acid bacteria in cheese
حسین Sedaghat M.H Eskandari مرضیه Moosavi-Nasab S.S Shekarforoush M.A HanifpourVarious laboratory methods have been developed to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-mould effect of lactic acid bacteria. However, most of these investigations have been conducted in culture medium. Due to the occurrence of complex interaction between food components a MoreVarious laboratory methods have been developed to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-mould effect of lactic acid bacteria. However, most of these investigations have been conducted in culture medium. Due to the occurrence of complex interaction between food components and antimicrobial substances produced by lactic acid bacteria, the result achieved from these studies may be different from those seen in food model. In various studies growth inhibition of molds on the surface of foods are considered as antifungal activity. Consequently, introduction and comparison of efficient methods for evaluation of anti-mould effect of lactic acid bacteria would be helpful. In this study, antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria inoculated in cheese was estimated using Microdilution method. Pieces of cheese samples were overlaid with molds and the antifungal effect of this bacteria was studied against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. All three methods showed the effectiveness of lactic bacteria on mold inhibition. Comparison of the results showed that there was significant positive correlation between antifungal overlay assay and direct growth of mold on cheese, since this two test showed antifungal effect in the same way including interaction between bacteria and mold and also producing antifungal compound. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Study on the overview on food borne bacteria in food with animal origin in Iran; Part three: seafood
S.S Shekarforoush S.M Razavi Rohani گیتی karim S.M.M Kiaie نوردهر Rokni مریم AbbasvaliThe current retrospective study was focused on the contamination of seafood in Iran during the years 1999 to 2012. The isolates were Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perferingense, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus a MoreThe current retrospective study was focused on the contamination of seafood in Iran during the years 1999 to 2012. The isolates were Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perferingense, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahemolyticus. C. botulinum type E was the most prevalent type of bacteria in the fisheries products, responsible for the most cases of botulinal food poisoning. The presence of coliforms and E. coli in the seafood was due to environmental pollution. Additionally, in the processed food, the contamination of potable water and poor handling of the products are the main sources. L. monocytogenes was isolated from fresh, frozen and processed food. The microorganism is able to grow in the refrigeration condition and multiply in the processed food. The temperature of cold smoking (20-30 ºC) cannot stop growing of Listeria. High prevalence of Salmonella in water and fisheries product was mainly because of the low environmental sanitation and various geographical conditions. However, Compost fertilizer and flowing of the swages through the farms were considered as the major source of contamination. S. aureus is not a typical microorganism of the fisheries farms but may contaminate them during the processing or in-appropriate handling of the products. V. Parahemolyticus is a normal habitant organism of the pelagic area. The organism usually find in the warm water and presents in the tropical conditions. Different species of Vibrio may contaminate the salty water in the warm seasons and so contaminate the aquatics farms in these areas. In general, the prevalence of vibriosis was associated with the consumption of semi-cooked food stuff and/or the secondary contamination of the processed ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Antibacterial property of silica-supported Zinc Oxide prepared by molten salt
M. GhorbanpourThe aim of this study was to introduce a new method for producing ZnO/silica gel nanocomposites ZnO/silica gel. Nanocomposites were synthesized by inserting silica gels in a molten bath of zinc sulfate (at 560 °C) for different contact times. Except for zinc sulfate MoreThe aim of this study was to introduce a new method for producing ZnO/silica gel nanocomposites ZnO/silica gel. Nanocomposites were synthesized by inserting silica gels in a molten bath of zinc sulfate (at 560 °C) for different contact times. Except for zinc sulfate, no reduction agent or chemical material was used for the preparation of nanocomposite. In this method, synthesis of nanoparticles and their immobilization on the substrate were carried out in a period of time less than 60 minutes. The ZnO/silica gel nanocomposites were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV–visible diffusive reflectance spectrometer (UV–Vis DRS). The SEM micrograph showed that the contact of silica gel with molten salt resulted in the formation of nanoparticles on the silica gel surface. On the other hand, by increasing the contact time, ZnO nanoparticles loading was increased. The antibacterial test against E. coli revealed that nanocomposites produced by 60 min contact duration, reached a mortality rate of 99.85%. The leaching test demonstrated the stability of the nanocomposites, and the delivery of zinc in water was less than 1.5% for all samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - A comparative study of bacterial agents in eggs, with or without eggshell's contamination that produced in Tabriz.
منصور Khakpoor مجتبی BozorgniaZoonotic bacterial diseases are considered as the most important human infectious diseases. In this category, a disease that transfer and infect human through food has an special role. Among foods with animal origin, eggs due to their application as food ingredient in f MoreZoonotic bacterial diseases are considered as the most important human infectious diseases. In this category, a disease that transfer and infect human through food has an special role. Among foods with animal origin, eggs due to their application as food ingredient in food products, like sauces, spices, ice creams and other food products that may use in half cooked or crude forms, always has the potential to transfer microbial pathogens to human. This study is about to prove that presence of remainder feces on eggshells leads the penetration of bacterial agents into egg yolk. A total of 120 daily egg samples (with and without fecal contamination) were collected from henneries around Tabriz and transferred immediately to microbiology laboratory. After performing microbial examinations (using BHI Broth, BHI Agar, Blood Agar, Selenite F, Tetrationate, XLD,SS Agar),Gram Staining, Oxidase and Catalase tests, bacteria of eggshells and egg yolks has been identified. Out of 120 eggs, 15.83% bacterial contaminants were found in egg yolks samples. Among them, 73.68% were gram negative and 26.31% were gram positive. Among gram negatives, Pseudomonas with occurrence of 8.3% and in gram positives group, Bacillus with abundance of 4.16% were the most frequent bacterias. Also in samples collected from eggshells, 99.16% of the eggs demonstrated bacterial contamination which 23.55% of positive samples were among gram negative group and 76.44% were gram positive. The most contribution of eggshell gram negative bacterias were relevant to Pseudomonas, E.coli, Proteus and Citrobacter with respectively 18.33%,10.83%,5.83% and 4.16% rations. Among gram positive bacteria that isolates form eggshell samples for the most frequent bacterias, were Bacillus, Staphylococccus, Streptococcus, Rhodococcus and Micrococcus with respectively 80.00%, 34.16%, 15%, 9.16% and 7.5% rations. Use and consumption of eggs with shells contaminated with faces in food products is a serious risk factor for human health and can lead to zoonotic bacterial diseases by transferring bacterial pathogens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from traditional dairy products of Kleibar, Heris and Varzaghan
طاهره Narimani علیرضا Tarinejad M.A HejaziProbiotics are dietary supplements of live microorganisms which when consumed in adequate amounts, can have a beneficial effect on the host. Among all bacteria, lactic acid bacteria are the most common type that has been introduced as probiotics. These bacteria are pres MoreProbiotics are dietary supplements of live microorganisms which when consumed in adequate amounts, can have a beneficial effect on the host. Among all bacteria, lactic acid bacteria are the most common type that has been introduced as probiotics. These bacteria are present in dairy products and produce lactic acid during the fermentation process. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the probiotics from microbial flora of milk and traditional yogurt in Kaleibar, Heris and Varzaghan areas. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated by culture and identified based on biochemical properties and resistant to stomach acid and bile salts were evaluated. Then, for more accurate identification of the isolates, the 16S rRNA genes of Lactobacilli were amplified with specific primers and the purified PCR product was sent for sequencing. According to our results, 17 strains of Lactobacilli and 6 strains of Enterococci were reported in Kaleibar, Heris and Varzaghan areas which could be a good candidate for further investigation as probiotic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Determination of histamine and identification of histamine-producing bacteria in frozen Longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol)
ولی اله Koohdar ودود RazavilarFish is considered as highly perishable food which spoils soon after death if not preserved properly. Consumption of spoiled fish results in the outbreaks of food poisoning such as histamine poisoning. Biogenic amines are the causative agents of histamine poisoning whic MoreFish is considered as highly perishable food which spoils soon after death if not preserved properly. Consumption of spoiled fish results in the outbreaks of food poisoning such as histamine poisoning. Biogenic amines are the causative agents of histamine poisoning which are produced by various bacterial species. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of histamine and to identify the histamine-producing bacteria onfrozen Longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) hunted from south of Iran. Microbial examinations and measurement of histamine were performed on the muscles around the gills of twenty five frozen samples. The results indicated that the mean ± SE Log CFU/g for total microbial and psychotrophic counts were 4.81 ± 0.26 and 4.66 ± 0.25, respectively. Different bacterial isolates were identified as histamine-producing bacteria i.e., Clostridium perfringens (24.4%) followed by Proteus spp. (23.0%), Klebsiella spp. (13.9%), and Enterobacter spp. (11.1%). Histamine content in 65.0% of the samples was more than the maximum acceptable level of 50 ppm. Therefore, there is a seafood safety risk in the current harvesting and post harvesting methods used in Longtail tuna industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Antibacterial activities of the ultrasound assisted extracts of Laurus nobilis, Peganum harmala and rosemary
M. Ghorbanpour H. JahediThe present study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial activities of the Laurus nobilis,Peganumharmala and rosemary extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Thus, the ultrasonic extracts were performed using the aqueous, ethanol, hydro-alcoholi MoreThe present study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial activities of the Laurus nobilis,Peganumharmala and rosemary extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Thus, the ultrasonic extracts were performed using the aqueous, ethanol, hydro-alcoholic or chloroform phases. The microdilution technique was used to evaluate the antibacterial activities which was finally reported as the MIC and MBC values. All the extracts showed the antibacterial activities against the bacteria at the concentration of 6.25%. However, the metalonic extract exert a maximum antibacterial activity. The extract of three plants revealed the same antibacterial activity against E. coli, but the ethanoloic extract from P. harmala showed a maximum antibacterial activity against S. aureus at the concentration of 6.25%. Results of the current study showed the similar antibacterial activities of the extracts against E. coli; meanwhile, the maximum antibacterial effect on S. aureus was observed by applying alcohol or water as a solvent. In general, this paper proposed that ultrasound assisted extraction was quick and cost effective approach to extract the plants. In addition, ethanolic solvent was found as the best selection among the aqueous, hydro-alcoholic or chloroform solvents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Occurrence of liver abscesses and identification of bacterial etiology in cattle carcasses of Tabriz abattoir
منصور Khakpour بهرام Amoghli Tabrizi عارف Alinasab The aim of this survey was to determine the occurrence of liver abscesses and identification of associated bacterial etiology in cattle carcasses of Tabriz industrial abattoir. A total of 355 cattle carcasses were inspected for the presence of liver abscess More The aim of this survey was to determine the occurrence of liver abscesses and identification of associated bacterial etiology in cattle carcasses of Tabriz industrial abattoir. A total of 355 cattle carcasses were inspected for the presence of liver abscesses. In the case of liver abscess presence, some characteristics of the carcasses were recorded; such as cattle’s age, gender, pregnancy and also abscesses’ characteristics (i.e., number, size and location of abscesses on liver). Abscesses as whole, were sampled and kept cold until microbiological examinations. Microbial analysis was performed on samples and cultures were incubated at aerobic, anaerobic and microaerophilic atmospheres. From 355 cattle carcasses, liver abscess was found in 28 (7.8%). Among positive results, 22 (78.57%) of livers had only 1, while 6 (21.42%) had 2 or more abscesses. Fusobacterium necrophorum was isolated from 15 (53.57%) and Arcanobacterium pyogenes from 10 (35.71%) of abscesses. According to the results of this study, Fusobacterium necrophorum was found as the most frequent bacterial causative agent of cattle liver abscess in Tabriz industrial abattoir, while Arcanobacterium pyogenes was considered as the second most frequent agent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Comparatives studies on antibacterial activity of Coriandrum sativum aqueous and alcoholic extracts against some of pathogenic bacteria
Farshbaf Derhami, S. Farshbaf Derhami, S. M. Ghiami Rad Mahmoudi, R. Mahmoudi, R.Although antibiotics are widely used for the treatment of infectious diseases‚ there may have consequences such as adverse drug reactions and antibiotic resistance. The aim of recent study was to compare the antibacterial activity of aqueous and alcohol extracts o MoreAlthough antibiotics are widely used for the treatment of infectious diseases‚ there may have consequences such as adverse drug reactions and antibiotic resistance. The aim of recent study was to compare the antibacterial activity of aqueous and alcohol extracts of Coriandrum sativum on Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial properties of the extracts were assayed using well diffusion and Microtitr plate (for determining the MIC and MBC). Results of well diffusion method showed that S. aureus and L. monocytogenes were sensitive but E. coli and S. typhimurium were found resistant against both aqueous and alcohol extracts. The MIC and MBC for S. aureus was estimated at 6.25 µg/ml and 12.5 µg/ml, respectively. It was concluded that aqueous and alcohol extracts of Coriandrum sativum were effective on Gram-positive bacteria, however they were ineffective against Gram-negative strains used in this experiment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Study of Beef Carcass Bacterial Contamination in Karajrak Slaughterhouse
V.A Koohdar Carcass meat is sterile immediately after slaughtering, but surface contamination takes place during and after dressing. Slaughter processes have very important role in increase or decrease of microbial contamination. In this study, neck, posterior side of More Carcass meat is sterile immediately after slaughtering, but surface contamination takes place during and after dressing. Slaughter processes have very important role in increase or decrease of microbial contamination. In this study, neck, posterior side of the foreleg, flank and rump sites of 10 beef carcasses were sampled with indirect swabbing method at post skinning, before trimming and post final washing, to evaluation of these operational steps effect on bacterial population. Bacteriological examination (aerobic plate counts at 37°C, Escherichia coli enumeration and Salmonella identification) were obtained from the samples. The results indicated that posterior side of the foreleg and trimming were the most contaminated site and stage for aerobic plate counts, respectively. Cold water washing of carcass has significant effect (p<0.05) on decrease of microbial population from neck and rump, but it was ineffective in removing microbial contamination. The posterior side of the foreleg was the most contaminated site for Escherichia coli and salmonellawas detected only on trimming step of slaughtering. With due attention to low aerobic plate counts, Escherichia coli enumeration and absence of salmonella in samples after final washing, operating procedures are satisfactory in this bovine slaughterhouse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Study on the overview on foodborne bacteria in food with animal origin in Iran; Part four: Poultry and egg
S.S Shekarforoush S.M.M Kiaie گیتی Karim S.M Razavi Rohani نوردهر Rokni مریم Abbasvali In this study, the contamination of poultry meat and eggs to pathogenic bacteria was investigated in Iran, for over three decades. Health assessment of these two products is highly important due to their high level of consumption and consequent health risks More In this study, the contamination of poultry meat and eggs to pathogenic bacteria was investigated in Iran, for over three decades. Health assessment of these two products is highly important due to their high level of consumption and consequent health risks of food borne diseases such as salmonellosis. Many reports indicate the presence of majority of pathogenic bacteria such as campylobacter, staphylococci, salmonellas, etc. in the poultry abattoirs across the country. It seems that most of these contaminations had been occurred through cross contamination during slaughtering or other stages of processing. Although many bacterial contaminations have been reported in eggs (e.g., streptococci, staphylococci, or Escherichia coli), most of studies have focused on salmonella as eggs are among the major transmission routes of this bacterium. In several suveys, salmonella has been isolated from the shell of the eggs of native breeds. According to the studies, campylobacter contamination has not been reported. Moreober, occurrence rate with other bacteria species was very low. It seems that due to the high proportions of chicken meat and eggs in the food basket of community, even low levels of contamination could be of great concern. It was concluded that maintaining of hygienic conditions and improving the knowledge of producers in the food production chain could be effective in reducing the overall contamination of pathogenic bacterial. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Impact of metabisulfite sodium on microbial quality of farmed vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (orginal reserch article)
Mina Seifzadeh, M A.A. KhaniporThis project was carried out to evaluate the effect of metabisulfite sodium on microbial quality, shelf-life as well as residual of metabisulfite sodium in edible tissue of processed cultured shrimp during freezing storage. The samples were treated with 3% metabisulfite MoreThis project was carried out to evaluate the effect of metabisulfite sodium on microbial quality, shelf-life as well as residual of metabisulfite sodium in edible tissue of processed cultured shrimp during freezing storage. The samples were treated with 3% metabisulfite sodium for 10 minutes and were stored at -18 °C for 6 months. Then, the microbial quality of the samples was assayed. Results revealded a significant reduction (P<0.05) in total bacterial count and populations of staphylococci and coliform bacteria in the test and control samples. Moreover, contamination with Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Vibrio parahemolyticus and Escherichia coli was estimated below 10 CFU/g in the both test and control samples. According to the results, the amount of metabisulfite sodium residue in the treated shrimp samples was below the approved limit of 100 mg/kg. During the storage period a significant (P<0.05) difference was observed between the treatment and control groups. Absence of pathogenic bacteria in the treated samples together with the approved level of metabisulfite sodium residual in the final product, it was concluded that metabisulfite sodium treatment could be a suitable method for kepping the microbial quality of vannamei shrimp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Effect of peppermint essential oil on growth and survival of some foodborne pathogenic bacteria
مجتبی Boniadian الهام khalili sadrabad الهه Askari محسن Pourmoghadas This study was conducted to determine the effects of peppermint essential oils on Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica. In the first step, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal More This study was conducted to determine the effects of peppermint essential oils on Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica. In the first step, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of peppermint essential were determined by the tube dilution method in tryptic soy broth (TSB). Then, the growth behavior of each of the aforementioned bacteria was assessed in presence of peppermint essential oil in concentration of less than MIC. The result of first step showed that Y. enterocolitica is more sensitive to peppermint essential oil than other tested bacteria (MIC = 0.1% & MBC = 0.22%), followed by L. monocytogenes (MIC = 0.12% & MBC = 0.15%), S. typhimurium (MIC = 0.22% & MBC = 0.25%) and B. cereus (MIC = 0.3% & MBC = 5%), respectively. The results revealed that, the peppermint essential oils in low concentration inhibited the growth rate of bacteria thus may use as a natural preservative and flavoring in foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Effect of alcoholic extract of garlic (Allium sativum) on some food born pathogenic bacteria
M. Ghiami Rad R. Akbari A. SafariAccording to consumers' desire to consume foods without preservatives or containing a natural preservative, the use of plant extracts as a food preservative instead of chemicals has increased. This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial effect of different c MoreAccording to consumers' desire to consume foods without preservatives or containing a natural preservative, the use of plant extracts as a food preservative instead of chemicals has increased. This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial effect of different concentration of alcoholic extract of garlic (Allium sativum) on standard strains of Salmonella enteritidis, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia entrocolitica. For this purpose, the agar well diffusion method was used. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were measured with microtiter plate method using the rezazurin reagent. The results showed that garlic alcoholic extract had an inhibitory effect on any four tested bacteria. The highest inhibitory effect was observed on B. subtilis;meanwhile,the slightest effect was found on S. enteritidis. The minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.39 mg/ml was observed for B. subtilis, however the highest amount was estimated at 12.5 mg/ml for S. enteritidis. According to the results of recent research it was concluded that alcoholic extract of garlic had appropriate antibacterial impact against bacteria and therefore could be used as a natural preservative in various foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Effect of Chitosan coating on some microbial and chemical properties of fresh chicken meat (orginal reserch article)
V. Koohdar B. RadmehrPoultry meat is highly perishable and if not packaged and stored properly, it could get soiled easily. Using of natural coatings such as chitosan in the packaging material is among the approaches that could extend its shelf life. In this study, the effect of chitosan co MorePoultry meat is highly perishable and if not packaged and stored properly, it could get soiled easily. Using of natural coatings such as chitosan in the packaging material is among the approaches that could extend its shelf life. In this study, the effect of chitosan coating as a natural preservative on shelf-life of fresh chicken fillet under chilled storage was investigated. For this, the chicken fillets were divided into the control and chitosan coated groups. Standard methods were used to evaluate the effect of chitosan on microbial (total bacterial and coliform count) and chemical (TVN) properties of samples during refrigerated storage (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days). Results showed that, the amount of total bacterial and coliform counts and total volatile nitrogen level in both groups was increased, but the increasing rate in coated samples was lower than uncoated ones. Coated and uncoated samples had statistically significant (P<0.05) difference in total bacterial and coliform counts and TVN level. In comparison with uncoated samples, the samples containing chitosan were later prone to microbial and chemical spoilage. Consequently, it can be concluded that coating poultry meat with chitosan could be applied as natural preservative for extending its shelf-life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Impact of lactic acid bacteria on conjugated linoleic acid content and atherogenic index of butter
لیلا Roufegari-Nejad M.R Ehsani مسعود Darabi Amin مریم Mizani آیناز AlizadehThis is a study aimed to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria including Lactobacillus acidophilus and Sterptococcus thermophilus (as thermophilic culture), Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, cremoris and diacetylactis, Leuconostoc citrovorum (as mesophilic cult MoreThis is a study aimed to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria including Lactobacillus acidophilus and Sterptococcus thermophilus (as thermophilic culture), Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, cremoris and diacetylactis, Leuconostoc citrovorum (as mesophilic culture), Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium lactis and a mixed culture of L.acidophilus, L. casei and B. lactis on fatty acid profile, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and atherogenic index (AI) of butter. Fatty acid analysis with gas chromatography indicated that application of thermophilic and mixed culture decreased the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acid; whereas, the butters made with L. acidophilus had the highest content of CLA. Moreover, AI in the samples prepared with thermophilic cultures was the least. Sensory evaluation of the treatments revealed no significant differences (p> 0/05) in appearance and color. However, the butters prepared with thermophilic and mesophilic cultures had more desirable taste in comparison with the samples made with L. acidophilus, L. casei and B. lactis. From the nutritional point of view, the adverse effect of butter could be diminished via the application of selected lactic acid bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Antimicrobial Effect of aqueous extract of saffron petals on some of food-borne bacterial pathogen
لیلا Azami علیرضا Babapour میثم GarechahiEver-increasing public debates over the adverse effects that may result from exposure to the chemical preservatives have enhanced the interests for the consuming of preservative-free foods or at least the product containing natural preservatives. In this laboratory expe MoreEver-increasing public debates over the adverse effects that may result from exposure to the chemical preservatives have enhanced the interests for the consuming of preservative-free foods or at least the product containing natural preservatives. In this laboratory experiment, the antimicrobial effect of aqueous extracts of Saffron petals against Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated using the disk diffusion method. Moreover, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract was assessed by agar dilution and broth microdilution method. According to the results, S. typhimurium was found asthe most sensitive, while, S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7asthe most resistant species. MICs of the extract by microdilution method were estimated at 40 mg/ml for all of the 4 bacterial species. The results also revealed that the extract of Saffron petals could be used as a natural preservative against the aforementioned bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Antioxidant and antibacterial effects of laurus nobilis aqueous extract again Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
B. Azimzadeh M. Jahadi M. FazelSome medical plants which are rich in phenolic compounds (flavnoieds, tannis and anthocyanin) have drawn increasing attention as the most important naturanal antioxidant source by many developed countries. Laurus nobilis is one of the medical plants that grows in variou MoreSome medical plants which are rich in phenolic compounds (flavnoieds, tannis and anthocyanin) have drawn increasing attention as the most important naturanal antioxidant source by many developed countries. Laurus nobilis is one of the medical plants that grows in various regions of Iran. This plants is known to have many benefits and medical properties such as diuretics and mosaics. Also, this plant is used in treatment of gastrointestinal problems, especialy and it is effectieve in elimination of stomach gas. In this experiment, we studied antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Laurus nobilis plant. To this purpose, the efficiency of aqueous solvent extract, phenolic compounds, DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing power and ABTS free radical scavenging were examined. Antibacterial characteristics of aqueous extract was evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichiacoli. The result shows that the aqueous extract of Lauros nobilis has 14/8% extraction efficiency with high rate of phenolic (99/9±9/95) and the lowest IC50 in DPPH test (2/813) and the high rate of ferric reducing power (22/15±2/10) and ABTS free radical scavenging (22/87±2/03). The result of antibacterial test also indicates that aqueous extract has high antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus (18±0) and E. Coli (18±0) mm.These facts show high antioxidant and antibacterial activity of laurel’s extract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Antibacterial properties of Kurdistan Gundelia tournefortii ethanolic extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
B. Ayoubi S. Darvishi F. MirahmadiDue to the ever-increasing of antibiotic-resistance microorganisms and the tendency towards the application of natural preservatives, in the present study the ethanolic extract of stalk portion of Kurdistan Gundelia tournefertti L. was extracted in rotary evaporat MoreDue to the ever-increasing of antibiotic-resistance microorganisms and the tendency towards the application of natural preservatives, in the present study the ethanolic extract of stalk portion of Kurdistan Gundelia tournefertti L. was extracted in rotary evaporator. The antibacterial effect (MIC and MBC) of the extract was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. using agar dilution assay on Muller-Hinton agar. The experiment was conducted with 3 replicates and probity analysis of the data was analyzed using SAS 9.2 software.Result showed that both MIC and MBC for S. aureus was62.5 µg/ml. Moreover, the MBC and MIC values for E. coli were estimated at 31.25 µg/ml and 15.62 µg/ml, respectively.Since ethanolic extract of G. tournefertti was highly effectiveon indicator bacteria,it can be used in combination with the other preservatives to protect foods from foodborne organisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Variations in microbial load of raw milk and influencing factors form dairy farms to collection centers of Esferayen area
عبداله Jamshidi رضا Vakili حسام Seifi جواد Hajizadeh Raw milk is among the highly perishable foods which are subjected to various environmental contaminations following milking. In this study, the factors influencing bacterial load of bulk-milk were investigated. For this purpose, 100 samples were obtained fr More Raw milk is among the highly perishable foods which are subjected to various environmental contaminations following milking. In this study, the factors influencing bacterial load of bulk-milk were investigated. For this purpose, 100 samples were obtained from dairy farms around Esferayen during spring, summer and autumn of 2009. The samples were taken in three stages: after milking, before transportation from dairy farm, and before delivering to milk-collection-center. The samples were analyzed for total bacteria count (TBC). To determine the factors which could influence the TBC of raw milk, a questionnaire sheet where designed. Statistical analysis were performed by means of logistic regression (genmod procedure), using SAS software (version 8.2). According to the results of this study, maintaining cold chain throughout the transportation and storage of raw milk, prevention of mastitis, cleaning and sanitizing of containers and equipments, age and breed of dairy cattle as well as indirect factors such as education level of dairy farmers, distance to milk-collection-center had significant effects (P<0.05) on microbial count of bulk-tank-milk. It was concluded that to reduce bacterial in raw milk, it is crucial to maintain cold-chain throughout milking process, wash teats with sanitizers, improve the hygienic condition of the milking utensils as well as to improve the overall quality of personnel education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - A review of the most important Zooneses with a special vision towards emerging and re-emerging diseases and its status in Iran Part (1): Bacterial zoonoses
محمدقلی نادعلیان حسن Tadjbakhsh M.R Mokhber Dezfouli حسامالدین AkbareinDespite rapid advances in technology and diagnostic facilities, contemporary mankind still faces the old and serious challenge of zoonoses and their emerging and re-emerging status further complicates the problems and sometimes the health system of the country faces a d MoreDespite rapid advances in technology and diagnostic facilities, contemporary mankind still faces the old and serious challenge of zoonoses and their emerging and re-emerging status further complicates the problems and sometimes the health system of the country faces a dilemma. Out of the 1,415 known human diseases, about 868 (60%) have multiplicative hosts, which occur between different species. In the recent three decades, approximately 75% of the newly emerging human infections have been zoonotic. In this article, using library studies and electronic searches, list of the most important bacterial zoonoses with a special vision towards emerging and re-emerging diseases, the status of the most important zoonoses in Islamic Republic of Iran and the world is presented, based on the published national and international documents, and the weaknesses and strengths of the responsible organizations have been discussed and corrective strategies and prospects for the future offered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - In vitro evaluation of antibacterial properties of propolis alcoholic extract on bovine mastitis isolates
younes anzabi sohayb shaghaghi This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect of propolis alcoholic extract on the number of bovine mastitis isolates. For this purpose, agar disk diffusion method for determination of bacterial sensitivity and dilution method for determination o More This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effect of propolis alcoholic extract on the number of bovine mastitis isolates. For this purpose, agar disk diffusion method for determination of bacterial sensitivity and dilution method for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was used separately. The results of bacterial sensitivity test in the case of the standard antibiotics of tetracycline, amikacine and also disks impregnated with alcoholic extracts of propolis showed that the diameter of inhibition zone created by the mentioned combination about all of tested isolates was far larger and this difference about Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia isolates, was significant (p<0.05). Also the results of MIC and MBC tests indicated that the inhibition of bacterial growth by alcoholic extract of propolis had a direct relationship with the amount of available propolis in the dilution and increasing of propolis in each dilution, reduced the number of cultured bacterial colonies and no bacterial growth was observed in the dilution equivalent to MBC of propolis. Therefore, it seems that constitutes of this natural compound could be used as effective antibacterial agents against a wide range of bacteria causing bovine mastitis instead of using synthetic antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - The effect of phosphate solublizing bacteria as a novel probiotic on some biochemical parameters, carcass characteristics and performance of broiler chicks
مهدی Ghaderi Jouybari M.A Malbobi مهرداد Irani وحید Rezaei Pour مهدی Mohammad Zadeh NagharchiIn this study, the effect of Pseudomonas Putida and Pantoa Agglomerans which belong to phosphate solublizing bacteria was investigated as a probiotic on serum concentrations of phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase, some carcass characteristics and performance of broiler MoreIn this study, the effect of Pseudomonas Putida and Pantoa Agglomerans which belong to phosphate solublizing bacteria was investigated as a probiotic on serum concentrations of phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase, some carcass characteristics and performance of broiler chicks. These bacteria, which were isolated with screening soil samples collected from various regions of Iran, were mixed with the diet. The experiment was conducted on a completely randomized design and a 2×4 factorial arrangement. The factors consisted of 4 probiotic levels (1-no probiotic use, 2- probiotic use through out rearing, 3- probiotic use at the start of rearing and during growth period, 4- probiotic use at the end of the rearing period) and 2 phosphorus levels (1-available, 2-total). In this experiment, 8 treatments, 4 replicates with 20 chicks at each replicate and a total of 640 day old chicks of ROSS strain were used. Comparison of means indicated that the probiotic had significantly increased body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). The novel probiotic had increased carcass yield and serum phosphorus (p<0.05). On the other hand, a significant decreased abdominal fat and serum alkaline phosphatase was observed (p>0.05). Also there was no significant effect on breast and thigh weight (p<0.05). The Results of this study indicated that the employed bacteria increase the performance and bioavailability of phosphorous. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Isolation of different bacteria from pneumonic lungs of cows slaughtered in Tabriz (IRAN) abattoir
amirparviz Rezaie Saber In this investigation, bacterial agents involved in pneumonia of slaughtered cross-bred cows in Tabriz abattoir were studied due to importance of bacterial pneumonia among Tabriz cattles. For doing so, we referred to Tabriz slaughter house every season and More In this investigation, bacterial agents involved in pneumonia of slaughtered cross-bred cows in Tabriz abattoir were studied due to importance of bacterial pneumonia among Tabriz cattles. For doing so, we referred to Tabriz slaughter house every season and fifty healthy and fifty unhealthy lungs were sampled and transferred to the microbiology laboratory of Tabriz veterinary faculty, they were cultured then colonies were studied and finally the family and species of bacteria were recognized by using differential culture media. The separated bacteria from pneumonic lungs in four seasons involved 20 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 23 Escherichia coli, 18 Staphylococcus Aureus, 1 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 9 Corynebacterium pyogenes, 11 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 48 Pasteurella haemolytica, 8 Erysipelothrix inscidiosa, 23 Rodococcus equi, 4 Nocardia farcinica, 2 Moraxella bovis, 1 Bordetella bronchiseptica, 2 Brucella bovis and 2 Haemophilus influenza. In four unhealthy lungs in fall, Pasteurella heamolytica with Bordetella bronchiseptica and from three lesioned lungs in fall, Brucella bovis with Haemophilus influenza and in three lesioned lungs in winter, Pasteurella heamolytica with Brodetella bronchiseptica were separated. The Bacteria isolated from healthy lungs consisted of 3 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 2 Pasteurella multocida, 6 Escherichia coli and 1 Nocardia farcinica. From 200 healthy lungs which were studied, 2 cases in spring, 4 cases in summer, 4 cases in fall and 2 cases in winter were isolated. It should be noted that, no bacteria was removed from primary culture of healthy and lesioned lungs in anaerobic conditions and mycoplasma culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - The study of antibacterial activity of non-polar extract of Malva silvestris L., using well diffusion and tube dilution method.
akbar hassanpour solmaz zakhireh amirreza ebadi Nowadays, due to the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and their side effects, much attention is paid to the antibacterial properties of medicinal plants. Malva sylvestis L. plays an important role in traditional medicine and herbal medicine industry. T More Nowadays, due to the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and their side effects, much attention is paid to the antibacterial properties of medicinal plants. Malva sylvestis L. plays an important role in traditional medicine and herbal medicine industry. This study deals with antibacterial effects of 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/ml concentration of non-polar extract of Malva sylvestris L. on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria by means of well diffusion method. Determination test of MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration of bacteria growth) and MBC (Minimum bactericidal concentration) was done by tube dilution method. The results indicated that non-polar extract of Malva sylvestris L. inhibits growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The inhibitory effect increases by increasing the extract concentration. MIC and MBC of these bacteria respectively varies from 12.5-50 mg/ml and 12.5-100 mg/ml respectively. This extract can be a good candidate for future in vivo studies for production of new antibacterial drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Antibacterial effects of green laser in vicinity of silver nanoparticles on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Maliheh Ranjbaran Zahra Aghaebrahimi Jamshid Sabaghzadeh zohreh daraeizadeh arash abednezhad -
Open Access Article
223 - The effect of chemical and biological priming on seed yield and yield components of fava bean plants (Vicia faba L.)
محمدحسین انصاری معرفت مصطفوی راد رضا ذرشین زنوشIn order to evaluate the effect of chemical priming and inoculation with strains of Pseudomonas bacteria on fava bean yield and yield components, a randomized block design field experiment with three replication was conducted in research station of Agricultural and Natu MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of chemical priming and inoculation with strains of Pseudomonas bacteria on fava bean yield and yield components, a randomized block design field experiment with three replication was conducted in research station of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Guilan province, Rasht during 2014-2015. Experimental factors included different strains of Pseudomonas flouresens bacteria (41, 169, 187 and control) and different levels of chemical priming (urea solution and Zinc sulfate solution as well as tap water). The results showed that the interaction effect of chemical and biological priming was significant for pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, green pod yield and yield and protein of grains. In this experiment the highest seed yield and green pod yield were obtained under no inoculation and priming with urea solution. Also, the effect of priming and bacteria inoculation on grain protein content was significant. However, bacteria inoculation showed significant effect only on seed phosphorous content so that, the greatest seed phosphorous contents was obtained under inoculation with strain 187 of bacteria. In general, the results of this research showed that low cast priming technique with urea solution enhanced seed yield of fava beans under field condition. Thus, urea priming technique can be recommended for seed yield improvement in fava beans grown in Guilan paddy fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Studying of the Pretreatment Effects of the combination of Sodium Chloride and Time on Growth, Photosynthetic Pigmentation Status and Photosystems Ratios in Cyanobacterium Calothrix sp. FS 65
Hamideh Sadat Amirlatifi Shadman Shokravi Aryan Sateei Mazyar Ahmadi Golsefidi Mehrali MahmoudjanloPossibility of the growth, biomass and photosynthetic pigment content fluctuations were surveyed in the soil cyanobacterium Calothrix sp. FS 65 via the combinations of two parameters means different concentration of salinity (17 , 80 and 160 mM) and time (24 and 96 hour MorePossibility of the growth, biomass and photosynthetic pigment content fluctuations were surveyed in the soil cyanobacterium Calothrix sp. FS 65 via the combinations of two parameters means different concentration of salinity (17 , 80 and 160 mM) and time (24 and 96 hours). After purification, axenic culture of the cyanobacterium was pretreated with 24 and 96 hours in 17, 80, and 160 mM NaCl and then moved to usual culture media without extra salinity. Analysis included survivality and growth, in vivo pigment (phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin and chlorophylls) and comparison of the combination of time and salinity on photosystem ratios. Results showed that the 24 hours pretreatments cause the complete deletion of the lag phase of the growth curve of such a strain. This may be an outstanding result regarding the role of lag phase on the acclimation processes and essential compartments of the nitrogenase and meanwhile intelligent outer layers envelopes. The main components of phycobilisomes means phycocyanin, phycoerythrin and allophycocyanin increase more than sixty percent after 96 hours pretreatment in 160 mM salinity. The phosystems ratio reached to the maximum at 24 hours after 17 mM salinity and then decreased significantly at the 96 mM at 96 hours after inoculation. The difference between the intercalary times and treatments seems insignificance despite that there was obvious difference. Collectively, using pretreatments may have considerable effects on the energy transfer in photosystems and the production of the energy and reductans which seem the great advantageous for the large scale cultivation technology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - The effect of synergistic phytoremediation and bacterial isolates on removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soil
Mehdi Khazaei Alireza Etminan Soolmaz Dashti Seyed Ahmad HosseiniHaving carcinogenic and toxic effects, aromatic hydrocarbons cause serious damage to the environment and living organisms. These compounds are mainly discharged into the soil. For the remediation of contaminated soils, biological methods utilizing the efficient microorg MoreHaving carcinogenic and toxic effects, aromatic hydrocarbons cause serious damage to the environment and living organisms. These compounds are mainly discharged into the soil. For the remediation of contaminated soils, biological methods utilizing the efficient microorganisms isolated from the oil-contaminated soils as well as resistant plants are preferred. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Conocarpus erectus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the removal efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated and saline soils of the salt separation pond of a desalination unit during 275 days under non-laboratory condition. The study was conducted in a factorial experiment with two factors based on completely randomized design with three replications. The factors used in this experiment included four treatment types (plant, bacteria, plant-bacteria cultivated in the soil, and soil with no plant and bacteria (control)) and the concentration of contaminant (Bangestan crude oil) with 5 levels (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 wt%). As hydrocarbon concentrations increased at all five levels, the percentage of PAHs removal, the dry weight of roots and shoots, and chlorophyll contents decreased. At 0 and 1 % concentrations, the highest percentages of removal were obtained as 99.43, 59.89, and 57.01 for bacteria-plant treatment and separate bacterial and plant treatments, respectively (p≤0.05). The plant and the bacteria showed almost equal efficiency in the removal of oil hydrocarbons (p≤0.05). Bacterial treatments led to increased chlorophyll content as well as higher dry weight of roots and shoots compared with the treatments without bacteria (p≤0.05). Results indicated that individual treatments of plant and bacteria had a positive effect on the decomposition rate of PAHs. However, the rate was more positively influenced by the synergistic activity of the bacteria and plants (p≤0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Simultaneous effects of different levels of indole butyric acid and inoculation with growth promoting bacteria on some growth and biochemical traits of olive (Olea europaea L.) scion
Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh Behzad Kaviani Seyyed Ahmad Mousavi MohammadiIn order to investigate the effect of different levels of IBA and strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria, an experiment was conducted as factorial with completely randomized design containing two factors and three replications. In the first factor, the effect of th MoreIn order to investigate the effect of different levels of IBA and strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria, an experiment was conducted as factorial with completely randomized design containing two factors and three replications. In the first factor, the effect of three levels of IBA (0, 2000, and 4000 mg/ ml) and in the second one, the effect of two strains of P. fluorescens (R5 and R64) were investigated on olive (Olea europaea cv. conservaliya). Results showed that bacterial inoculation with R5 strains increased shoot and root dry weight, total dry weight, nitrogen concentration, and phosphorus uptake compared to control, but there was no significant difference between R5 and R64 strains in terms of total chlorophyll. The 2000 mg/ml IBA also increased shoot and root dry weight, nitrogen concentration, total chlorophyll, and total dry weight compared to control while the maximum phosphorus uptake was obtained at 4000 mg/ml IBA. The interaction of effects of IBA and bacteria in morphological characteristics and uptake and concentration of elements showed that maximum average were obtained at 2000 mg/ml IBA and R5 strain treatment. According to the obtained results, the application of both of 2000 mg/ml IBA and R5 strain for improvement in rooting is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - The effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in combination with phosphorus fertilizer on yield of corn hybrids in the northern of Khuzestan
Fateme Nouraki Mojtaba Alavi Fazel Ahmad Naderi Ebrahim Panahpour Shahram LackIn order to study the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in combination with phosphorus fertilizer on yield of corn hybrids, the experiment was carried out in the north of Khuzestan province during the summer of 2013-2014 by a split plot design in the form of ran MoreIn order to study the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in combination with phosphorus fertilizer on yield of corn hybrids, the experiment was carried out in the north of Khuzestan province during the summer of 2013-2014 by a split plot design in the form of randomized complete block with four replications. Combining biological and chemical fertilizers as main factors at four levels (100% chemical fertilizer, 75%, 50% and 25% chemical fertilizer combined with 100% bio-fertilizer) were used in the main plots and corn hybrids pellets with three levels (S.C 704, S.C Mobin, S.C Karoon) were used in sub plots. In this study the combination of chemical fertilizer with biofertilizer had a significant effect on biological yield at 5% level while the other traits were not significant. Also, the hybrid type had a significant effect on yield components; however, the harvest index was not significant. It seems that combination of chemical fertilizer with biofertilizer was able to increase the performance of single cross hybrids and cross hybrids 704 and Karun while Mobin hybrid showed a lower capability for fertilizer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Production of auxin and some photosynthesis pigments in heterocystous cyanobacteria serovars isolated from paddy fields of eastern Mazandaran
ali shams Gorbanali Nematzadeh Neda Soltani shadman shokraviCyanobacteria are gram-negative photosynthetic microorganisms. Because they contain a variety of chemical compounds such as pigments, vitamins, and enzymes, theses microorganisms have found many applications in the industry. Several studies have reported that cyanobacte MoreCyanobacteria are gram-negative photosynthetic microorganisms. Because they contain a variety of chemical compounds such as pigments, vitamins, and enzymes, theses microorganisms have found many applications in the industry. Several studies have reported that cyanobacteria can improve the plant growth by improving the soil structure as they have potential to secrete extracellular polysaccharides that help in soil aggregation and water retention. Numerous plant-associated bacteria produce auxin and related indolic compounds. The role of microorganisms as plant growth stimulators is widespread in nature, especially in relation to the production of phytohormones. Auxins represent a group of plant hormones that are implicated in the regulation of diverse biological processes. The aim of this research was to study the production capability of auxin and some photosynthesis pigments in heterocystous cyanobacteria serovars isolated from paddy fields in eastern part of Mazandaran. After collecting soil samples, cyanobacteria cultures were cultivated on a typical BG110 medium, for purification purposes, repeated sub-culturing was carried out on solidified and liquid medium before the strains were characterized morphologically. Results indicated that a great range of isolated cyanobacteria had the potential to produce auxin as a main factor for improving plant growth and there were significant differences in the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents; however, potential of each species according to different ecological diversity and genus were different. Maximum chlorophyll, carotenoid, and auxin contents were observed in MGCY277 (Lyngbya diguetii), MGCY497 (Nostoc ellipsosporum), and MGCY358 (A nabaena variabilis) serovars, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - The investigation of phycobiliproteins in isolated heterocystous cyanobacteria from western Mazandaran
Amir Ali Kiliai ghorbanali Nematzadeh Neda Soltani Shadman ShokraviCyanobacteria are gram-negative photosynthetic organisms and one of the most successful groups of organisms this planet has ever seen. They include some of the first life forms to evolve on Earth. During their long evolutionary history, cyanobacteria have undergone func MoreCyanobacteria are gram-negative photosynthetic organisms and one of the most successful groups of organisms this planet has ever seen. They include some of the first life forms to evolve on Earth. During their long evolutionary history, cyanobacteria have undergone functional modifications, and these are responsible for their versatile physiology and wide ecological tolerance. The ability of cyanobacteria to tolerate high temperature, UV radiation, desiccation, and water and salt stresses contributes to their competitive success in a wide range of environments. Various species of cyanobacteria utilize different combinations of chromophores and phycobiliproteins to optimize their light-harvesting capabilities for photosynthesis. Phycobilisomes serve as the primary light-harvesting antennae for photosystem II in cyanobacteria and red algae. The aim of this research was to investigate phycobiliproteins in isolated heterocystous cyanobacteria from paddy fields in western Mazandaran. After collecting soil samples, cyanobacteria cultures were cultivated on a typical BG110. In addition to purification process, there were repeated sub-culturing on the solidified and liquid medium before the strains were characterized morphologically. Results indicated that because of adaptation of strains under accessible light condition, different species of cyanobacteria employ a high diversity of phycobiliprotein to optimize their light harvesting process in photosynthesis. Moreover, significant differences in the amounts of phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin were observed in various species. Maximum level of these protein compounds belonged to MGCY372 (Plectonema boryanum). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Effect of pH pretreatment on growth and photosynthetic properties of cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. FS 18
Bahareh Abbasi shadman shokravi Mazyar Ahmadi Golsefidi Aryan Sateei elahe kiaeiIn the present study, the effects of pretreatment of time (24 and 96 hours) and pH (7 and 9) at extremely limited carbon dioxide concentration were studied on the exponential growth phase, photosynthetic pigments per cell, absorption shift of chlorophyll, structure and MoreIn the present study, the effects of pretreatment of time (24 and 96 hours) and pH (7 and 9) at extremely limited carbon dioxide concentration were studied on the exponential growth phase, photosynthetic pigments per cell, absorption shift of chlorophyll, structure and function of phycobilisome, the ratio of light harvesting to reaction center pigment, and the ratio of photosystem 1 to photosystem 2 in stigonematalean cyanobacterium Fischerella sp.FS 18. Results showed that pretreatments kept the exponential growth phase at both 24 and 96 hours and also under pHs 7 and 9. Contrary to the absorption peak of chlorophyll, cellular pigments showed no stable pattern regarding pretreatments. Phycobilisomes were the main point of treatment affects. The pattern of the rode part of phycobilisomes was the same at pretreatment reactions. The shift of phycocyanin was about 1 and phycoerythrin about 3. The highest rate of photosystem 1 to photosystem 2 ratio was observed at 24 hours and under neutral condition. This changed by the time and led to decreased efficiency of energy transport in photosynthesis system. The change in the phycobilisome operation may be a compensation mechanism to mitigate the degree of such a decrease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Evaluation of the effect of growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from soils on the ionic contents of drought-stressed tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Sara Kamal zadeh Nima Bahador Farshad SadeghiApplying biological agents for increasing plant growth and their resistance to different tensions is of particular importance. In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate and identify plant growth-promoting bacteria from soil samples and to evaluate their abili MoreApplying biological agents for increasing plant growth and their resistance to different tensions is of particular importance. In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate and identify plant growth-promoting bacteria from soil samples and to evaluate their ability to help the tomato plant cope with drought stress. Soil samples were collected from wheat and barley farms around Karaj and after isolation and initial purification of phosphate solubilizing, nitrogen fixing, and siderophore producing strains, they were isolated using PVK media culture, nifH gene PCR, and CAS-agar media culture, respectively. The identified isolates were then analyzed in terms of their drought tolerance in an environment containing polyethylene glycol. Finally, tomato seedlings were inoculated with bacterial isolates (belonging to the Bacillus, Brevibacterium, and Actinomycetes genera) before they were grown under drought stress at three osmotic pressure levels of 0, -0.4, and -0.8 MPa. Then, sodium and potassium ion contents of leaves, roots, and stems were measured using a flame photometer while calcium contents of the same organs were assayed through atomic absorption measurement. Results showed that all five isolates capable of dissolving phosphate, nitrogen fixation, and siderophore production were able to withstand drought up to -0.8 MPa osmotic pressure. All these isolates significantly affected drought stress and the intensity of ions reduction in leaves, roots, and stems compared with the control plants. The results of the present study showed that inoculation of the bacterial isolates considering their ability in siderophore production and nitrogen fixation may help the plant to resist drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Effects, mechanisms and applications of agricultural biotechnology to improve salinity stress on wheat growth
Rahim NaseriWheat is the most cultivated cereal in the world and is a staple food for more than one-third of the world’s people, supplying about 20% of total protein and daily calories Salinity is a major threat to agriculture, currently, more than 20% of agricultural land is MoreWheat is the most cultivated cereal in the world and is a staple food for more than one-third of the world’s people, supplying about 20% of total protein and daily calories Salinity is a major threat to agriculture, currently, more than 20% of agricultural land is affected by salinity, which is expanding day by day and already affects almost 954 million hectares of the world’s total land area. Salinity stress has an adverse impact on photosynthesis by destroying chlorophyll pigments. In fact, under salinity stress, stomal closing results in a reduction in the photosynthetic rate of the plant. salinity stress induces a number of negative effects including physiological and biochemical changes which manifest as a reduction in plant biomass and wheat yield. Therefore, to better understand the behavior of wheat to salinity stress, basic measures and approaches should be considered to deal with and reduce the effect of stress. Various approaches such as the use of mycorrhizal fungi, plant growth-promoting bacteria, seed priming, molecular techniques and applications of agricultural biotechnology can be implemented to improve growth and yield under salinity stress. In this paper, the effects, mechanisms and applications of agricultural biotechnology were discussed to improve the growth and yield of wheat under salinity conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - A review of the effects of drought stress on plants and some effective strategies in crop management
Amin Fathi Abbas Maleki Rahim NaseriThe world is facing major challenges such as climate change, floods, population growth and a variety of environmental stress. All of this can directly or indirectly affect agriculture. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses and a limiting factor in the su MoreThe world is facing major challenges such as climate change, floods, population growth and a variety of environmental stress. All of this can directly or indirectly affect agriculture. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses and a limiting factor in the successful production of plant products around the world and has adverse effects on the morphological and physiological activities of plants. Adaptation to the effects of drought stress is the result of changes in growth, physiological and biochemical mechanisms that cause changes in growth rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic process and enzymatic activities of plants. Drought stress disrupts photosynthesis in plants and gradually reduces carbon dioxide uptake due to closed pores. In addition, drought stress affects the stability of cell membranes and disrupts plant water relationships by reducing water use efficiency. Plants adopt different mechanisms to deal with these conditions. Proper management is very important to prevent the adverse effects of drought stress. Today, researchers are trying to reduce the effects of drought stress by spraying with hormones or hormone-like, growth-promoting bacteria, mycorrhizae, and resistant cultivars. In this paper, we investigate the effects of drought stress on some morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants. Also, some crop management methods have been proposed to overcome the destructive effects of drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Essential oil analysis and antibacterial activity of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. in Ardebile province
مریم Teimori,The genus Satureja represents with 15 species in Iran, with 9 endomic species. In this study, the aerial parts of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. with local name "Merzeh" in blooming were collected in Ardabil Province. Plant materials were dried in shade; essential oil was MoreThe genus Satureja represents with 15 species in Iran, with 9 endomic species. In this study, the aerial parts of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. with local name "Merzeh" in blooming were collected in Ardabil Province. Plant materials were dried in shade; essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography, using flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. The results showed the essential oil of S. bachtiarica contained (20.6%) thymol, (14.19%) linalool, (2.3%) γ-terpinene, (26.4%) carvacrol, (5.94 %) α-Terpinene, (3.56%) myrcene, as main components. Due to the antimicrobial effect of phenolic compounds, thymol and carvacrol, the antimicrobial effects of these oils were determined against five gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus loteus, Staphylococcus areous) and three gram negative bacteria (Kellebsiella pneumonia, Kellebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aeroginosa). The result showed the essential oils exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested strains, but in variable degree. The data indicated that Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Kellebsiella oxytoca were the most sensitive strain tested to the oils of S. bachtiarica and Bacillus cereus is known to have a high level of intrinsic resistance to virtually all known antibacterial and antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Ecophysiological Characterization of Cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. FS33 Agardh Collected From Paddy-Fields of Golestan Province
Sh Shokravi مریم Safaie فریبا AmirlatifiThe aim of this research was preliminary ecophysiological survey of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. FS33 Agardh which seems common strain in the paddy-fields and agricultural soils of Golestan Province and has not been characterized previously. The axenic culture has bee MoreThe aim of this research was preliminary ecophysiological survey of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. FS33 Agardh which seems common strain in the paddy-fields and agricultural soils of Golestan Province and has not been characterized previously. The axenic culture has been enriched in to BG11 culture medium. Salinity, temperature, irradiance and pH treatments have been treated separately. Light treatments include 2, 30.60 micromolquanta.m-2.s-1 intensities and 2, 4, 6 and 8hours dark- light daily photoperiods. Salt treatments include culture medium without added salt to 1% NaCl, Temperature include 15oC to 45oC, alkalinity and acidity include pHs from 5 to 9, and carbon dioxide treatments include aeration, non aeration, and 1% carbon dioxide enrichment Survival, growth, specific growth rate, chlorophyll, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, ammonium liberation, and phycobilisome potentiality, have been analyzed. Results showed that in the opposite of stigonematalean and nostocalean cyanobacteria, this strain show higher growth at 60 micromol quanta.m-2.s-1 intensity. Continuous 24 h illumination cause significant increase at the growth rate. Chlorophyll content show significant increase when salinity reach to 0.5%. Ammonium liberation seems higher amounts near to the optimum conditions and no significant differences moving slightly from the optimum. This srain be able to survive at low (100C) and high (450C) temperatures. At the optimum pH, significant increase in phycoerythrin content, reveal adaptation of photosynthesis apparatus with treated conditions. The phycobilisome structure seems complete at the optimum and incomplete at the extreme alkaline condition. Carotenoide production increase significantly at the first day of inoculation at the optimum acidity condition. As a whole, results introduce this strain, as the potent one for future biofertilizers beside heterocystous cyanobacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Taxonomical Characterization of Fischerella sp. FS18 collected from paddy-fields of Golestan Province (Iran)
sh Shokravi فریبا Amirlatifi مریم Safaie ، ندا Soltani,In a multidisciplinary way, taxonomical characterization of the cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua (Nägeli) Gomont, collected from paddy-fields of North of Iran have been investigated. Beside morphologies, ecophysiological studies including survivsl, growth and pig MoreIn a multidisciplinary way, taxonomical characterization of the cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua (Nägeli) Gomont, collected from paddy-fields of North of Iran have been investigated. Beside morphologies, ecophysiological studies including survivsl, growth and pigment composition at different condition of salinity, temperature and light intensity, and molecular investigations including 16S rRNA gene sequences of the cyanobacterium have been considered. The results indicate the drastic underestimation of the physiological and phylogenetic diversity of these cyanobacteria by the current morphology-based classification and the clear need for new taxa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Antibacterial survey of different extracts of Peganum harmala L. different parts in North east of Golestan province (Inche Borun)
معصومه Mazandarani E.A Ghaemi فاطمه GhaffariPeganum harmala L. belongs to Zigophyllaceae family is one of the most important medicine plants with wild distribution in stepic and semi stepic of Golestan province. In this research, after phenology ethnopharmacological data obtained from turkman rural people. Differ MorePeganum harmala L. belongs to Zigophyllaceae family is one of the most important medicine plants with wild distribution in stepic and semi stepic of Golestan province. In this research, after phenology ethnopharmacological data obtained from turkman rural people. Different parts of plant were collected in May to late of September 2008 in dry stepic region of North east of Golestan province (Inche Borun). Aqueous, infusion and ethanolic extract were obtained by percolation method and their antibacterial effect was evaluated by disc diffusion and well methods. Inhibition zone after 24h incubation of 37 and their antibacterial activity were assessed by Pearson chi-square (P<0.05). Ethnopharmacological data in this research showed, it has been used by the Turkmen rural healers in North east of Golestan province as strong anti air infection, sedative, anti bacterial and skin inflammation to treatment fungal, gastro intestinal infection and dysmenorrhea. Ethanol extracts of root and seeds had the most efficacy against tested bacteria, especially in well method (P<0.001), another extracts had no any antibacterial effect. 78.8% of gram positive and negative bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis, Staphylococcus epidermisis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus loteus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysentria) were the most sensitive bacteria against ethanol extract, but gram negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Proteus loteus were the most resistant bacteria (P<0.001). Rural people were interested to take seed and smok for air disinfection, sedative and calming, can be a good candid for chemical analysis of antibacterial activity in animal and clinical models for formulation and production of natural antibacterial drug. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - The effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on survival and pigments of cyanobacteria isolated from Abadan
ندا Soltani, لادن Baftehchi sh ShokraviRemediation of petroleum polluted soil and water is very important. One of the pathways of oil remediation is usage of microalgae and cyanobacteria. In this research the effects of oiled based drilling mud waste (including 70% gasoline) on survival, growth and pigments MoreRemediation of petroleum polluted soil and water is very important. One of the pathways of oil remediation is usage of microalgae and cyanobacteria. In this research the effects of oiled based drilling mud waste (including 70% gasoline) on survival, growth and pigments of three cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria+Calothrix, Nostoc, Calothrix) in mix and unialgal forms were investigated. These cyanobacteria were isolated from soil of Arvand-rood in Abadan city. Results indicated that biomass of first sample was three fold of other samples. Growth rate in first sample was increasingly. In second and third samples, growths were decreased and reach to stationary phase after one week. All samples survived in treated experiments and oil compound did not have any toxic effects of them. Chlorophyll contents were similar to biomass and in first sample were three fold of others. Totally, results showed the resistance and potential of these species to degradation of oil pollution. Also these results are the first report from oil polluted fields of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Antibacterial activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Echinochloa crus-galli L. against bacteria in vitro
سیدمسعود HashemiKarooyi آیت الله Nasrollahi omran H.R Pordeli عیسی Gholampoor AziziThe antagonistic effects that plants have on different micro organisms can be used to protect microorganism from the environment. The Echinochloa crus-galli with a universal growth is found in paddy fields in the North of Iran, named Soroof, in the weed form. In this re MoreThe antagonistic effects that plants have on different micro organisms can be used to protect microorganism from the environment. The Echinochloa crus-galli with a universal growth is found in paddy fields in the North of Iran, named Soroof, in the weed form. In this research,different methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extract have been provided from Echinochloa crus-galli and their effects on gram positive & gram negative bacteria growth using disk diffusion, well diffusion, plate count, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) method. It concluded that different types of methanolic, ethanolic& aqueous extract inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus growth while did not have any effect on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeroginosa growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Ethnobotany, chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil from Achillea micranta L. in Golestan province
masome Mazandarani m,b Rezaei E.O Ghaemi, ب Behmanesh ع Ahmadi ا Chamani,Achillea micranta L. is a wild endemic medicine herb with important therapeutic effects has been used in traditional north of Iran. GC-MS analysis of the isolated essential oil from flowering aerial parts of A. micranta resulted to identification of 23 constituent MoreAchillea micranta L. is a wild endemic medicine herb with important therapeutic effects has been used in traditional north of Iran. GC-MS analysis of the isolated essential oil from flowering aerial parts of A. micranta resulted to identification of 23 constituents, that eucalyptol (1,8-cineol) with 19.9%, borneol (11.9%), camphor(11.1%) and thujene (5.1%) were the major constituent of essential oil studied, respectively. The antibacterial activity was individually evaluated against 2 tested bacteria. We concluded that the essential oil showed a good antibacterial activity against tested bacteria but the Gram-positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive. This study confirms that the essential oil of A. micranta L. possesses antibacterial properties in vitro. 1,8-cineol, borneol and camphor can be considered as the main antibacterial constituents of the oil studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Some Physiological Responses of Nostoc sp. JAH 109 to the Combination Effects of Limited Irradiance, pH and DIC Availability
shadman Shokravi Fariba Amirlatifi maryam Safaie ن Ghasemi neda SoltaniGrowth, pigment compositions, nitrogenase activity, photosynthesis and heterosyct frequency fluctuations of dominant species Nostoc sp. JAH 109, isolated from rice field, were evaluated in combination of limited irradiance (2 uE.m-2.s-1), different pHs (5,7,9) and inorg MoreGrowth, pigment compositions, nitrogenase activity, photosynthesis and heterosyct frequency fluctuations of dominant species Nostoc sp. JAH 109, isolated from rice field, were evaluated in combination of limited irradiance (2 uE.m-2.s-1), different pHs (5,7,9) and inorganic carbon availability. Nostoc sp. JAH 109, can be considered as an alkalophilic organism. Optimal growth rate were observed at pH 9. Size of phycobilisomes and relationship between photosystem II and photosystem I increased in pH 9 and DIC available condition. This strain could not grow well in acidic condition, but neutral and alkaline condition cause active carbon dioxide concentration mechanism system. The pattern of nitrogenase activity seems more or less regular and linear at the first days after inoculation both in neutral and alkaline conditions. With respect to nitrogenase activity, the highest rate was in pH 9 and DIC availability. This seems true for heterocyst frequency fluctuations too. The higher photosynthetic capacity (Pmax) per unit of chlorophyll was resulted in higher DIC concentration at alkaline condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Evaluation of the antibacterial effects of Capsicum spp. extracts on the Multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains
امیر Shariati حمیدرضا Pordeli آی ناز Khademian مرجانه AydaniResistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have now been described globally, as significant pathogens, particularly associated with skin and soft tissue infections, including abscesses, cellulitis and furunculosis. Novel antimicrobial products and new methods to combat MoreResistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have now been described globally, as significant pathogens, particularly associated with skin and soft tissue infections, including abscesses, cellulitis and furunculosis. Novel antimicrobial products and new methods to combat this problem are urgently needed. Pepper has been used since ancient times not only for increasing the flavor of foods, but for its preservation and medical properties. This study was designed to assess the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of two pepper species, Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens, against clinical strains of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. After the isolation of 56 strains of S. aureus from nosopharyngial of hospitalized patients, antibiotical resistance of them was determined by Kirby-Bauer method. Then fourteen multidrug-resistant strains were selected and antibacterial effects of the ethanolic extracts of two Capsicum species were evaluated by disc-diffusion method. Results showed that both extracts were effective on most of the bacteria, but Capsicum frutescens extract had approximately higher inhibition than Capsicum annuum extract, with maximum inhibition zone 12mm against strain of S. aureus that was resistant to four antibiotics including Cefixime, Tetracycline, Methicillin and Oxacillin. This study shows that peppers, like antibiotics or even better than them, have an antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. Also the results obtained from this study support the idea of proposing the use of Capsicum extracts as a natural antibacterial agent in the treatment of infected diseases and other diseases that are insensitive to drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Ecophysiological acclimation and salinity amelioration of soil Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. FS 76 collected from oil polluted regions under ccombined effects of salinity and extremely limited irradiances
Shadman Shokravi Elahe Kiaei Afsane Pakzad Hamide Sadat AmirlatifiThe issue of salinity stress caused by oil extraction has been one of the major environmental issues of the country in the last decade. Biological agents in oil-contaminated areas can be considered the most efficient methods. The aim of this study was to reduce salinity MoreThe issue of salinity stress caused by oil extraction has been one of the major environmental issues of the country in the last decade. Biological agents in oil-contaminated areas can be considered the most efficient methods. The aim of this study was to reduce salinity by cyanobacteria isolated from oil contaminated areas. Soil cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. FS 76 were collected from oil polluted areas of southern Iran (Khuzestan province) and were studied ecophysiologically for acclimation ability at combination of different salinities (up to 1%) and extremely limited irradiances (2 μmol quanta.m-2S-1) at laboratory conditions. Samples were collected from oil polluted soils at different stations of Khuzestan province (Khark) for one year. Anabaena sp.FS 76 showed common strain and was selected for next steps after preliminary identification. Salinity treatments included Salt-free medium and BG011 medium with 0.25, 0. 5, 0.75, and 1% sodium chloride which were applied before and after limited irradiance treatments. Analysis involved growth analysis, Pigments (phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin) and protein and sugar content assays. Results showed that the maximum growth rate may be observed at 1% salinity. At this range of salinity. 1% NaCl not only may not decrease total sugar and protein content but also cause significant increase. In vivo absorption spectra support the presence of central and rod sections of phycobilisome. This strain has salinity amelioration ability at the laboratory conditions. This potentiality reaches to highest degrees of salinity especially at 1% probability level. The results showed examples of environmental physiology and biotechnology powerful is for future studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of Acinos graveolense (M.B.) Link. extract from Ghamsar, Kashan
حسین batooli عبدالرسول حقیر ابراهیم آبادی ناهیده سادات حقیقیAcinos Miller. is belongs to Lamiaceae family, which grows as bush-herbaceous and consists of more than 10 species; two spaces from Aonos has been reported in the flora of Iran. In this study the essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Acinos graveolense MoreAcinos Miller. is belongs to Lamiaceae family, which grows as bush-herbaceous and consists of more than 10 species; two spaces from Aonos has been reported in the flora of Iran. In this study the essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Acinos graveolense (M.B.) Link extract has been studied. The aerial parts of the plant in blooming were collected from natural habitats (Ghamsar area), in spring 2014. It was dried in laboratory conditions, the essential oil were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE) and were analysed by using GC and GC-MS. The methanol extract was obtained by maceration method and the antimicrobial activity of plant extract was measured by disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration against eleven microorganisms. The yield of the oil was 0.1% w/w. the analysis led to identification of 27 compounds. The main essential oil components were germacrene-D (56.6%), bicyclogermacrene (8.7%), caryophyllene oxide (7.5%), e-caryophyllene (4.5%), and limonene (3.4%). In addition, sesquiterpens hydrocarbon was the main component of the oil. The extract of Acinos graveolense against three tested bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcusepidermidis and Salmonella paratyphi-Aserotype) were showed low antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, due to the high amounts of sesquiterpenes in this essential oil and its antimicrobial activity, we could reports that the aerial part of A. graveolense is suitable for the preparation of natural antimicrobial agent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Optimization, characterization and anti microbial activity of gold nano particles biosynthesized using aqueous extract of Sambucus ebulus L.
omid Azizian Shermeh, O jafar Valizadeh misam Noroozifar ali Ghasemi Moharam ValizadehPlants as stable and available sources to preparation of the biocompatible nano particles that have received much attention in recent years. The aim of this study were optimization and characterization of biosynthesis of gold nano particles (Au NPs) using leaf aqueous e MorePlants as stable and available sources to preparation of the biocompatible nano particles that have received much attention in recent years. The aim of this study were optimization and characterization of biosynthesis of gold nano particles (Au NPs) using leaf aqueous extract of Sambucus ebulus L. After preparing the extract, 2 ml of it, was added to 4 ml of HAuCl4.3H2O with concentration 1 mM, which reduced Au (III) ions to Au NPs, and quickly the color of solution changed to violet. In order to achieve Au NPs with a uniform shape and size, parameters affecting on synthesis such as: pH of the reaction, volume of plant extract, concentration of HAuCl4.3H2O solution, temperature and time of reaction were studied and optimized. All parameters were optimized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were also employed to find characterization of the nanoparticles. Finally, the antibacterial properties of nanoparticles on 4 species of pathogenic bacteria such as: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, E. coli and Salmonella enteritidis was evaluated by disc diffusion method and was reported as the diameter of inhibition zone. The results showed that the Au NPs showed a maximum absorbance at 534 nm. It was found that biosynthesized of Au NPs have spherical shape with a size between 11-17 nm and the gold nanoparticles have relatively good antibacterial activity against some bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Ethnopharmacology, total phenol, flavonoid and antibacterial effect of Allium cepa L. var. Ilkhichi in East Azarbaygan province
Yones AnzabiAllium cepa L.var.Ilkhichi is an edible wild Onion in East of Azerbaygan province, which has been used as a tonic, nutritive and anti-infection. This study was evaluated by phytochemical, ethnopharmacology and antibacterial activity of Allium cepa L.var. Ilkhichi. ethan MoreAllium cepa L.var.Ilkhichi is an edible wild Onion in East of Azerbaygan province, which has been used as a tonic, nutritive and anti-infection. This study was evaluated by phytochemical, ethnopharmacology and antibacterial activity of Allium cepa L.var. Ilkhichi. ethanolic extract was obtained by maceration method, Total phenol (based on Gallic acid standard) and flavonoid (based on Quercetin) contents were obtained by spectrophotometry (Folin ciocalto and almonium chloride, respectively). Anti-bacterial activity of plant extracts were obtained by disc diffusion method against the 8 standard strains of food infectious bacteria and determinated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by micro dilution methods. The results were showed that ethanol extract of plant had good amounts of total phenol (351.52±2.12 mgGAEg-1) and total flavonoid contents (111.5±12.5 mgQUEg-1),respectively. Antibacterial results were showed that the Enterococcus faecalis with MIC=62.5 µg/mL and MBC=125µg/mL was the best sensitive bacteria against plant extract, but in comparison between anti biogram tests results and Vancomycin did not show significant difference (p<0.05). According to the results, despite the fact that alcoholic extracts of Red Onions )Allium cepa L. var. Ilkhichi) apparently can be used as an antibacterial drug against the number of bacteria were important in terms of food infection ,but it can not replaced as an ant infection drug as a natural compound replacing of the common antibiotics, certainly. So it’s necessary in this subject for further evaluation in animal models and clinical cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Evaluation of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L. Collected from two sites in North Country
hadi koohsari hamide khormali ayeshe khormaliThis study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L., the aerial parts of plant were collected from two sites in Mazandaran province (Farahabad Sari and Pashakola Amol) during July to October 2015. T MoreThis study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L., the aerial parts of plant were collected from two sites in Mazandaran province (Farahabad Sari and Pashakola Amol) during July to October 2015. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined by colorimetric method using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride respectively. The antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH method and then the antibacterial activity was performed by agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extract were determined by broth micro dilution tube method. The results were showed that the total phenolic and flavonoid content and then the antioxidant capacity of plant from Sari region was more than in Amol region. The MIC values which obtained fromSari against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Shigella dysentery and E. coli were 12, 12, 190 and 390 µg/ml respectively, while these values from Amol were 24, 24, 780 and 1560 µg/ml respectively, which results were also confirmed in agar well diffusion method and then in conclusion the plant extract from Sari region had the highest content of secondary metabolites , antioxidant and antibacterial activity against tested bacteria and there is the direct correlation between phyto chemistry and their antioxidant and antibacterial activity of plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activities in Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss, Rhazya stricta L., Salvadora persica L., Teucrium polium L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L. from Sistan and Baluchestan province
Omid Azizian Shermeh Moharam Valizadeh Ali Qasemi Ahmad Mehraban Afsaneh Kamali deljooThis present study is carried out to evaluate the phytochemical compounds such as total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three extracts (methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous) in five different species of medicinal plants: P MoreThis present study is carried out to evaluate the phytochemical compounds such as total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three extracts (methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous) in five different species of medicinal plants: Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss., Rhazya stricta L., Salvadora persica L., Teucrium polium L., and Hibiscus sabdariffa L.. These samples were collected in different regions from Sistan and Baluchestan, 2014.The plant extracts were obtained by maceration method, phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocaltiu and Aluminum Chloride colorimetric, antioxidant activities were studied by two methods (DPPH and FRAP) and then antimicrobial activities were estimated by Disk-Diffusion method against four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The results were showed that in all species, the methanolic extract had high amount of secondary compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. had maximum total phenolic (32.54±6.44 mgGAE/g) , flavonoid contents(27.11±1.00mgQUE/g) and antioxidant activity, (IC50=17.34±1.21µg/ml, 55.19±2.27 mM Fe2+/mg) and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone (27±1.00mm) was the most sensitive bacteria to plant extracts. In contrast, the aqueous extract of Teucrium polium L. had the minimum value of total phenolic , flavonoid contents , antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity .Overall, these plants could be a good candidate for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress and pathogenic microbes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Investigation of antioxidant, anti-bacterial properties and binding to human serum albumin in the Cressa cretica L. grown in the Sistan region
Somaye Shahraki Tahereh ShahrakiCressa cretica L., due to producing of some various compounds, which could be used as a source of many herbal medicines. The present research were studied in antioxidant, antibacterial properties and the ability of interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) of Cressa cr MoreCressa cretica L., due to producing of some various compounds, which could be used as a source of many herbal medicines. The present research were studied in antioxidant, antibacterial properties and the ability of interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) of Cressa cretica L. So the leaves of the plant were collected in vegetative stage from Sistan in 2015. Three kinds of extraction such as aquatic, methanolic and ethanolic extracts were obtained by using maceration method. The antioxidant activity were measured by DPPH method. The interaction of ethanolic extraction with HSA was performed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The Anti-bacterial properties of extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were investigated by MIC and MBC methods. The results were showed that the lowest and highest extraction efficiency were related to the aquatic and ethanolic, respectively. The ethanolic extract had the highest antioxidant activity in inhibition percentage of DPPH than other extracts (56, 38 and 34%) respectively. Study of the interaction with HSA demonstrated the changes in protein secondary structure and the binding constant in that obtained 0.49 × 102 ppm-1.This plant showed acceptable bactericidal activity and MIC values were higher than the MBC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - Eco phytochemical, Ethnopharmacology, Antioxidant and anti bacterial activity in different extracts of Melilotus officinalis L. from Chaharbagh mountainous region- Semnan province
Gelareh Borhani Masoumeh Mazandarani Hossein AbbaspourMelilotus officinalis L. is belongs to Fabaceae family, which has been used as a tonic, anti carminative, anti infection, anti diabetes and externally as a poultice for pains and ulcer wound. In many field observation the most ecological requirenments of M.officina MoreMelilotus officinalis L. is belongs to Fabaceae family, which has been used as a tonic, anti carminative, anti infection, anti diabetes and externally as a poultice for pains and ulcer wound. In many field observation the most ecological requirenments of M.officinalis L. and important experiences about traditional uses of this plant were obtained from rural healers. Different parts of plant (aerial parts in flowering stage, stem and root ) were collected from Charbagh Mountain (2300 msl) in May 2016. The ethanol and water extracts of plant parts were obtained by maceration method, Total phenol (TP) and flavonoid (TF) were estimated by spectrophotometry. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated in vitro by the method of trapping the free radical DPPH, TAC and RP assay. The antibacterial activity were obtained in vitro by using disc diffusion and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay . According to the results aerial parts of this plant which has been used in this region as an anti infection, anti inflammation and tonic to treat of diabetes and arthritis. phytochemical tests were showed that the ethanole extract of flowers had the highest total phenols concentration(38.08±o.13 mgGA/g), total flavonoids (62.04 ±0.01 mgQU/g) and antioxidant activity especially in DPPH radical scavenging with IC50=10.61±0.81µg/ml, in compare of BHA and BHT. The ethanole extract of flowers in 2300 m were showed the highest antimicrobial activity, especially against Staphylococus aureus, S.epidermaidis , Bacillus cereus and Entrococus faecalis L., respectively. In conclusion, there is the strong positive correlation between influence of extraction, plant parts on phytochemistry, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of M. officinalis L. and indicated that the ethanol exctract of flowers exhibited the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activity. So it can be used potentially as a good source of natural antioxidant . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Comparative evaluation of phenolic and Flavonoids compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Artemisia annua L, Thymus vulgaris L, Matricaria chamomilla L, Salvia officinalis L. and Pistacia atlantica var mutica
Auob mazaraie leila fahmidehThis study was investigated the relationship between the number of phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of extracts of some medicinal plants. Aerial parts of plants in blooming of Artemisia annua (from Saravan City), Thymus vulgaris (from the M MoreThis study was investigated the relationship between the number of phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of extracts of some medicinal plants. Aerial parts of plants in blooming of Artemisia annua (from Saravan City), Thymus vulgaris (from the Medicinal plants farm of Zabol University), Matricaria chamomill (from Farashband City), Salvia officinalis (from the Medicinal plants farm of Zabol University) and Fruit of Pistacia atlantica (from Saravan City) were collected from farms and habitats of Sistan and Baloochestan and Fars province in 2016. The plant extracts were obtained by maceration method, phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocaltiu and Aluminum Chloride colorimetric, antioxidant activities were studied by method DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and then antimicrobial activities were estimated by Disk-Diffusion method against two bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The plant extract of Artemisia annua and Thymus vulgaris respectively had maximum total phenolic (22.36 mg/g DW) and flavonoid contents(142.59 mg/g DW) and antioxidant activity, (72.01 µg/ml and 70.75 µg/ml) and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively with inhibition zone (15.1 and 16.8 mm ) was the most sensitive bacteria to plant extracts. Generally, the methanolic extract of the plants demonstrated different levels of antioxidant activity; in addition, the best antioxidant activity was related to Artemisia. Hence, it can be argued that these extracts of herb, instead of chemical drugs, can be used to treat infections. Furthermore, before using them all their side effects should be carefully investigated in in vitro accompanied by in vivo studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Evaluation and comparison of the antifungal effect of essential oil of four medicinal plants and molecular identification antagonistic bacteria against fungi decay cause of orange post-harvest by Penicillium digitatum
shervin hadian Nader Hasanzadeh mohamadali aghajani hamidreza pordeli Gabriella cirvillariCitrus green mold, Penicillium digitatum is one of the most important postharvest diseases. Continuous application of chemical pesticides has serious long term effects on human health and environmental pollution that may result in emergence of resistance in pathogenic s MoreCitrus green mold, Penicillium digitatum is one of the most important postharvest diseases. Continuous application of chemical pesticides has serious long term effects on human health and environmental pollution that may result in emergence of resistance in pathogenic strains. In this study, antifungal activity of different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400ppm) of four medicine plants essences including Thymus vulgaris, Cuminum cyminum,Allium sativum and Aloe vera collected from Ghorogh area of Golestan provience was evaluated. Essences were prepared by the steam distillation water using Clevenger apparatus. The main constituents' essences having the most antagonistic activity were analyzed by GC / MS. Antagonistic activity of bacteria isolated from orange epithelium including Bacillus, Pseudomonas sp., and Streptomyces sp. against Penicillium digitatum was also investigated in a completely randomized factorial model. The maximum percent inhibition (99.95%) was observed by the thyme plant essence at 400 ppm concentration. Regression analysis of the effects of essences showed that by increasing the essences concentration, its inhibitory effect on fungi increased. Based on the results, thyme essence with having the important constituents of essences (carvacrol - 45.5%), (alpha-terpineol - 22.9%) and (endo - borneol 14.3%) had the highest inhibitory effect (22.3 mmol) against penicillium. Among 23 bacterial isolates, one of them, H7, had the highest inhibitory effect on penicillium. Using PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, it was identified as Bacillus cereus. Thus, thyme essence and Bacillus cereus (H7) are an appropriate substitutions to chemical control of orange postharvest diseases caused by Penicillium digitatum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Study on Changes of Atropine and Scopolamine Content and Growth Characteristics of Atropa belladonna L. affected by Bio-fertilizers and Chemical-fertilizers
Mohammad Inanloo Far Hassanali Naghdi Badi Mostafa Heidari Majid Tolyat Abolhasani Hassan Makarian Mohammad Reza Amerian Abstract Nowadays, the use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacter (PGPR) as a biofertilizers is one of the ways to improve growth and phytochemical characteristics of medicinal plants. This study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on randomized comple More Abstract Nowadays, the use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacter (PGPR) as a biofertilizers is one of the ways to improve growth and phytochemical characteristics of medicinal plants. This study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the research farm of the Institute of Medicinal Plants - ACECR in 2017.The growth-promoting bacteria as a first factor were non-inoculation, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas + Azotobacter, and Thiobacillus + Sulfur. The chemical fertilizers as a second factor were no fertilizer or control, 50% recommended fertilizer and 100% recommended fertilizer. At flowering stage, the alkaloids were extracted by using chloroform, methanol and ammonia solvents. The amount of atropine and scopolamine was measured by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biological and chemical fertilizers, as well as their interaction effect had significant effect (p<0.01) on growth traits, atropine and scopolamine content of leaf and root. The maximum biological yield was observed in Pseudomonas with 100% of recommended fertilizer. The highest amount of leaves atropine and scopolamine was related to Pseudomonas with 50% fertilizer and non-biofertilizer treatment with 50% recommended fertilizer, respectively. The highest amount of root atropine was related to Pseudomonas without chemical fertilizer application. The highest content of root scopolamine was observed in treatment of Pseudomonas with 100% recommended. Therefore, the highest biological yield and the amount of atropine in leaves and roots, as well as the scopolamine content of the root were obtained using Pseudomonas application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Study of Biofertilizers Effect on Some Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes
Ramin Cham Seyed Ali Abtahi mojtaba jafarinia Jafar YasrebiDracocephalum kotschyi is one of the most important medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family, which is endangered due to unfavorable environmental conditions. Therefore, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of biofertilizers on changes in some physiological and bioche MoreDracocephalum kotschyi is one of the most important medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family, which is endangered due to unfavorable environmental conditions. Therefore, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of biofertilizers on changes in some physiological and biochemical traits, the effect of biofertilizers at four levels (nitroxin, super nitroplus, biophosphorus and non-use of biofertilizer) on Dracocephalum kotschyi growth under drought stress at three levels (irrigation until the completion of 80%, 60 and 40% of field capacity), an experiment in 1398 in the form of factorial in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in a greenhouse was carried out. The study of changes in photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf relative water content in Dracocephalum kotschyi in response to various biofertilizers and different irrigation regimes showed that with increasing drought stress, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll along with chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) had a significant decrease. While the use of supernitroplus and biophosphorus biofertilizers in irrigation conditions up to 60 and 40% of field capacity significantly increased the above-mentioned traits in the Dracocephalum kotschyi leaves in comparison with plants treated with nitroxin fertilizer and control plants (Without biofertilizer). Increased drought intensity also caused a significant increase in carbohydrates, soluble proteins, anthocyanins and flavonoids, although the use of biofertilizers containing growth-promoting bacteria, further enhanced the amount of these compounds compared to the control (no fertilizer treatment). The highest levels of anthocyanins (37.82 mg g-1 fresh weight) and flavonoid compounds (16.62 mg g-1 fresh weight) were found in plants grown under severe drought stress (irrigation up to 40% of field capacity) and Biophosphorus application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Antimicrobial effects of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Phytolacca americana L. ethanolic extracts against human bacterial pathogens in the habitat of northern Iran
Nazila Rezanezhad Roghayeh Oskoueiyan Rabee Izadi AmoliMedicinal plants can be a good alternative to antibiotics by producing antimicrobial compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Phytolacca americana L. ethanolic leaf extract on several nosocomial pathoge MoreMedicinal plants can be a good alternative to antibiotics by producing antimicrobial compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Phytolacca americana L. ethanolic leaf extract on several nosocomial pathogenic strains. Plant leaves were collected from the forests of Amol city in the spring of 2016. The extract was extracted by Soxhlet extractor method and then their antibacterial activity at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml on Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Staphylococcus aureus were studied by disk diffusion and well dilution methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were also determined. The highest inhibition zone diameter in the both disk diffusion and well dilution methods was found at concentrations of 200 mg/ml of each plant extract. In the disk diffusion method, R. pseudoacacia extract had highest inhibitory effect on P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris with a growth inhibition zone diameter of 24.67 mm, while P. Americana extract had the highest effect on S. aureus with 27.67 mm. In the well dilution method, R. pseudoacacia extract had the highest inhibition zone diameter on P. mirabilis (24.67 mm), whereas P. Americana showed highest inhibition zone diameter on S. aureus (24.3 mm). The MIC and MBC values of R. pseudoacacia extract was determined at 25 and 50 mg/ml concentrations for P. vulgaris, S. aureus and S. sanguis, and 50 and 100 mg/ml for P. mirabilis. The MIC and MBC values of P. Americana extract was 25 and 50 mg/ml for P. mirabilis, S. aureus and S. sanguis, and 50 and 100 mg/ml for P. vulgaris, respectively. Therefore, based on the results R. pseudoacacia and P. Americana ethanolic extracts had acceptable antimicrobial effect, especially at 200 mg/ml, against some important bacterial pathogens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Investigating the improvement of germination indices of Cynara scolymus L. seed by bacterial strains of Pseudomonas sp. R27N7 and Staphylococcus sp. R38N2 along with extracted humic and fulvic acids from biochar of Oriental plane tree
Mina Aqel Khajedad Ebrahim Shirmohammadi Ahmad Gholamalizadeh Ahangar Fatemeh KhosraviThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) seeds priming with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and extracted humic substances from biochar of Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) tree on their seeds germination and seedling MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) seeds priming with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and extracted humic substances from biochar of Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) tree on their seeds germination and seedling growth indices. For this purpose, in-vitro culture was performed in the form of factorial in a completely randomized design with four replications, totally in 36 experimental units, in the laboratory of soil science department, University of Zabul, in spring 2021. The first factor (humic substances) was in three levels including: seed priming with distilled water (control), fulvic acid and humic acid. The second factor (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) was in three levels including: seed priming with physiological serum (control), strains of Pseudomonas sp. R27N7 and Staphylococcus sp. R38N2. The results showed that R27N7 and R38N2 bacterial strains reduced the mean germination time by 10.93% and 11.23%, respectively, compared to the control. The effect of fulvic acid treatment on variation of measured indices was not significant compared to control. But, humic acid treatment increased indices of Seedling height by 90.33%, seedling dry weight by 90.70%, germination percentage by 61.32%, germination rate by 62.50%, mean daily germination by 60.19% and vigor index I and II by 2.76 times compared to the control. According to the results of this study, artichoke seeds priming with both of the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria strains can reduce mean germination time of seed. Also, seeds priming with humic acid can improve dry weight of seedling and most of seed germination indices. It seems that the improvement of these indices is mostly influenced by the plant growth hormone-like properties of humic acid and also plant growth promoting properties of both bacterial strains, especially their ability to produce of indole-3-acetic acid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Phytochemical, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effects of Rosa persica L. extracts in North Khorasan province
Ali Koohestanian Maryam Taghizadeh Maliheh Samadi Kazemi Ahmad Asgharzadeh Seyedeh Faezeh TaghizadehThe aim of this study was to Phytochemical, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effects of Rosa persica L. extracts in a complete randomized design with three replications. R. persica L. was collected from Shirvan city located in North Khorasan province in the late summer of MoreThe aim of this study was to Phytochemical, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effects of Rosa persica L. extracts in a complete randomized design with three replications. R. persica L. was collected from Shirvan city located in North Khorasan province in the late summer of 2019 . The methanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water extracts were prepared by maceration method and were analyzed by using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer system, it was determined that the methanolic extract had the highest amounts of rosmarinic acid compounds. Antimicrobial effects of different extracts were investigated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Antimicrobial assays against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger showed that in all treatments, gram-negative bacteria were more resistance in compare to gram positive bacteria. In all extracts, the most sensitive strain was S. aureus with MIC and MBC of 10.89±0.13 and 19.34±0.33 μg/ml in the methanolic extract, respectively. Methanolic extracts of aerial parts had significantly stronger antimicrobial effects, respectively. Based on the results of cytotoxicity of different extracts on MCF-7, DU-145, PC3, A2780, C26, U-87-MG, MDA-MB-231, and Hela, it was found that Methanolic extract had the most cytotoxic effects on all cell lines studied. The lowest effects of cytotoxicity were related to the aqueous extract of aerial parts. In all treatments and cell lines, the IC50 was less than 400 μg/ml. The biochemical and biological activities of R. persia may be related to its phenolic compounds, so further studies is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Phytochemical investigation and inhibitory effect of Thymus eriocalyx (Ronniger) Jalas essential oil on the growth of bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhimurium)
Somayeh Farahmand Farshid Rezaei Sahar kavosiNowadays, due to the complications caused by the use of chemical drugs and the increase of antibiotic-resistant microbial strains, studies have been conducted to find antibacterial drugs from plant compounds. In this research, the aerial parts of Thymus eriocalyx were c MoreNowadays, due to the complications caused by the use of chemical drugs and the increase of antibiotic-resistant microbial strains, studies have been conducted to find antibacterial drugs from plant compounds. In this research, the aerial parts of Thymus eriocalyx were collected from the heights of Kermanshah in June 1400 (810 meters) in the flowering stage. The essential oil was extracted by distillation with water using a Cloninger machine. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of this plant in successive concentrations of 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.62, 7.81, 3.9, 1.95, 0.97 and 0.48 mg/ml against two bacterial species Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhimurium by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in broth medium, minimum lethal concentration (MBC) in agar medium and disk diffusion were investigated. Ampicillin with a concentration of 10 mg/ml, ciprofloxacin 5 mg/ml, erythromycin 15 mg/ml and cefixime 5 mg/ml were used as positive controls. Mass gas chromatography method showed that this type of thyme has 42 effective substances. The most phenolic composition of the pasture ovia is carvacrol (66.96%). MBC for Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhimurium bacteria was 15.67 and 62.5 mg/ml, respectively. 250 and 125 mg/mol discs were better than selected antibiotics in inhibiting both bacteria. The essential oil of pasture thyme plant contains antiseptic substances with antibacterial effects. The effect of essential oil in stopping the growth of Gram-positive bacteria was greater than that of Gram-negative bacteria. Considering that the essential oil of the plant had significant antibacterial effects compared to antibiotics in laboratory conditions, it is suggested to carry out more experiments to evaluate its effect in animal models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Phytochemical investigation of antimicrobial effects of Moringa oleifera Lam extract propagated through tissue culture
Asieh Eshag zadeh Mahboubeh TaherkhaniMoringa oleifera Lam. is a tropical tree belonging to the family Moringaceae with 14 species. This study investigated the phytochemical and antimicrobial effects of M. oleifera extract propagated through tissue culture in Iran in the spring of 2016. The extract of plant MoreMoringa oleifera Lam. is a tropical tree belonging to the family Moringaceae with 14 species. This study investigated the phytochemical and antimicrobial effects of M. oleifera extract propagated through tissue culture in Iran in the spring of 2016. The extract of plant obtained from tissue culture was extracted by maceration in a solvent, and purified quercetin as a natural compound was extracted through a column and thin layer chromatography, then the molecular structure of flavonoid was identified through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and Infrared technique. To estimate the antibacterial activity, the total plant extract was obtained by Methanol, Chloroform, and Ethyl acetate and finally the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined. The antimicrobial effect of this plant against four bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli was investigated by plate well method in a liquid medium. The maximal inhibitory concentration (20 mm) was obtained from the methanolic extract. Also, the best results of MIC and MBC were obtained from the effect of 40 mg/ml of methanolic extract on the E. coli strain. Therefore, it is concluded that the extract of M. oleifera plant is a rich source of antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids, and also its methanolic extract has significant antimicrobial properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Phytochemical, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-Alzheimer investigation of the hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of Eucalyptus globulus L. in laboratory conditions
morteza Karimpour amir arastehThis research evaluated the phytochemical, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-Alzheimer properties of eucalyptus leaf extract (Eucalyptus globulus L.). The fresh leaves of the plant were collected from the suburbs of Rasht in the fall 2016. Extraction was done by macera MoreThis research evaluated the phytochemical, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-Alzheimer properties of eucalyptus leaf extract (Eucalyptus globulus L.). The fresh leaves of the plant were collected from the suburbs of Rasht in the fall 2016. Extraction was done by maceration method and the composition of the extract was determined by GC-MS method. The antimicrobial effects of the extract were investigated on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium by agar well diffusion method and its MIC and MBC values were determined. The anticancer effect was determined by MTT test on the colon cancer cell line, the antioxidant effect was determined by DPPH method, and the inhibitory effect of the extract on the production of amyloid nano-fibrils was determined by Congored spectroscopy. Eucalyptol and Globulol were the most abundant in the extract. The diameter of the halo of non-growth of Eucalyptus hydro-alcoholic extract in the well diffusion method on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium were 12, 22, 26, and 15 mm, respectively. Also, the results of MIC and MBC in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 0.625 and 1.25, respectively. These results in Listeria monocytogenes were 1.25 and 2.5; also, the results of MIC and MBC in Salmonella Typhimurium were 5 and 10 mg/ml, respectively. The highest anticancer activity, antioxidant effect, and inhibition of the production of amyloid nano-fibrils were observed at 100, 10, and 0.4 mg/ml of the extract, respectively. Due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti–amyloidogenic properties, eucalyptus extract can help treat infection and reduce the growth of cancer cells and the complications of Alzheimer's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - A new method for the synthesis of novel derivatives of "1,3- diaryl -2-n-azaphenalene and n-acyl-1,3-diaryl-2-N-azephenylene" By using nano catalyst and analyzing antibacterial activity of structures
asghar eftekhari Naser Forughifar Malak HekmatiIn this research, synthesized well derivatives of 1,3-diaryl-2-N-azaphenalene and N-acyl-1.3-diaryl-2-N- azaphenalene as a macromolecule in the presence of nanoparticles (Fe3O4 coated with L-Arginine) as a magnetic Nano catalyst in a one-pot reaction of compounds 7.2-Na MoreIn this research, synthesized well derivatives of 1,3-diaryl-2-N-azaphenalene and N-acyl-1.3-diaryl-2-N- azaphenalene as a macromolecule in the presence of nanoparticles (Fe3O4 coated with L-Arginine) as a magnetic Nano catalyst in a one-pot reaction of compounds 7.2-Naphthalene diol, aldehydes, ammonium derivatives (ammonium acetate or ammonium hydro phosphates) and solvent (water and alcohol) with high yield and short reaction times, economical and simple workup.In this study, apart from the innovation in the synthesis of a macromolecule, the antibacterial activity of these compounds was evaluated for the first time The reaction was doe under very moderate conditions at room temperature.The chemical structures of all synthesized compounds were determined using infrared, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopies.After the production of nanoparticles, the structure of the obtained nanoparticles was characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results demonstrated that the average size of the synthesized magnetite nanoparticles is about 21 nm.The heterogeneous catalyst used was easily separated magnetically and reused without any significant loss of catalytic activity and magnetism.Eventually, antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was investigated by Escherichia coli (ATCC: 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC: 27853) as gram negative bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC: 14990) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC: 29213) as gram positive bacteria. Some of these products exhibit significant antibacterial activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Fruit Aqueous Extract of Psidium Guajava and Its Antibacterial Activity
Babak Sadeghi Bita Koupaei -
Open Access Article
263 - Preparation and Characterization of Curcumin-Silver Nanoparticle and Evaluation of the Effect of Poly Ethylene Glycol and Temperature
Parisa Adibzadeh Negar Motakef-Kazemi -
Open Access Article
264 - Synthesis of Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Antibiotics as Drug Carriers and the Study of Antibacterial Activity
hamid reza ghorbani m golmohamadi m otadi -
Open Access Article
265 - Preparation of antibacterial coating film using ZnO nanoparticles and epoxy resin
hamid reza ghorbani shakiba amirsoleimani -
Open Access Article
266 - Mechanosynthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of MgO@SiO2 Nanocomposite
Zaccheus Shehu Wilson Lamiyi Yakong Madugu Mela Yoro Sani Aliyu -
Open Access Article
267 - Green synthesis and antibacterial application of silver nanoparticles using Oak Peel extract
Nooshin Japalaghi Nahid Ghasemi Majid Ramezani Behrooz Shojaei saadiThe use of various plant materials for the synthesis of nanoparticles is considered as green synthesis, which does not involve any harmful chemicals. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by a fast, one-step method and a green biosynthesis method by regen MoreThe use of various plant materials for the synthesis of nanoparticles is considered as green synthesis, which does not involve any harmful chemicals. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by a fast, one-step method and a green biosynthesis method by regenerating a silver nitrate solution using Oak peel extract containing biomolecule which as a reducing and stabilizing element Suitable to play a role. Effective parameters such as pH of solution, silver nitrate concentration, temperature and contact time were studied and optimized The structure and properties of nanoparticles were determined by spectroscopic absorption analyzes UV-Visible, Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. According to the Sherer-Debye equation, the size of the nanoparticles was measured 29 nm. Then the antibacterial effect of nanoparticles produced against two strains of pathogenic bacteria, gram positive Staphylococcuas aureus and gram negative Escherichia coli was investigated by disk diffusion and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) methods. The results of the antibacterial activities test showed that the nanoparticles produced from Oak Peel had a good effect on both bacteria. The purpose of this research is to synthesis and develop a new method for the preparation of silver nanoparticles using environmental methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Preparation of antibacterial nanocomposite cotton fabrics with in situ generated silver and silver oxide nanoparticles by bioreduction using Moringa oliefiera leaf extract
Umamahesh MallavarapuAqueous Moringa Oliefiera (MO) leaves extraction is employed as a reductant to generate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2ONPs) in cellulose fabrics by in situ technique. The biosynthesized nanocomposite cotton fabrics (NCFs) were analysed MoreAqueous Moringa Oliefiera (MO) leaves extraction is employed as a reductant to generate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2ONPs) in cellulose fabrics by in situ technique. The biosynthesized nanocomposite cotton fabrics (NCFs) were analysed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) associated Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. The shape and mean size of AgNPs in NCFs were found to be globular and 82 nm, respectively and their formation in NCFs was established by SEM studies. EDX analysis established the presence of silver metal. The XRD analysis revealed that the obtained silver based nanoparticles were crystalline in nature. The TG and DTG analysis showed that the obtained NCFs were thermally stable. These NCFs exhibited good antibacterial activity against Gram negative (G-ve) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Gram positive (G+ve) Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) bacteria. The mechanical properties such as modulus, tensile strain and stress of NCFs were also tested, utilizing universal testing machine (UTM). The modulus was found to be 276.4 MPa. These NCFs can be used in medicine for making antibacterial napkins, wound dressing bandage cloth, etc., and as packaging materials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Wet-chemically Method on Multidrug-resistant Uropathogenic Bacteria
Maryam Bagheri Mohammad Gholipour Monir Doudi Ali Mohammad Ahadi Gholam Reza AmiriZinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been attracted for their antibacterial effects along with their safety, suitable physicochemical properties, and cost effectivity. The aim of this study was to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles and investigate their antibacterial effects o MoreZinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been attracted for their antibacterial effects along with their safety, suitable physicochemical properties, and cost effectivity. The aim of this study was to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles and investigate their antibacterial effects on multidrug resistant (MDR) uropathogenic bacteria. ZnO nanoparticles were constructed by wet chemical method with inhibitor. Structural and optical evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles was performed by Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Tunneling microscopy. Uropathogenic bacteria were isolated from the patient’s pediatric urine and identified through biochemical testing. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was determined by disk diffusion method and the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles was detected by pour plate method at the concentrations of 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/l. The produced ZnO nanoparticles had a hexagonal shape with the crystal size of 15 nm and an optical size of 3 nm. The minimum effective concentration of these nanoparticles that inhibited the bacterial growth was 0.05 g/l. E.coli was generally found to be the most frequent cause of UTI in children in Isfahan, in the center of iran, with the mean prevalence of 64%. Most cases of resistance were related to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline and the highest sensitivity was related to Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazol. The results of the present study, in accordance to the previously approved safe characteristics of ZnO nanoparticles, concentration of 0.05 g/l is proposed to be evaluated for in vivo usage for treatment of urinary tract infections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial properties of green copper oxide nanoparticles from Hypericum perforatum plant extract and Marrubium Vulgare
Ashkan Farazin Shirin KavezadehIn the present study, copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using Hypericum perforatum plant extract from the Malpican family and Marrubium Vulgare plant from the mint family. Since it is believed that the antioxidants in the plant reduce the reduction of metal io MoreIn the present study, copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using Hypericum perforatum plant extract from the Malpican family and Marrubium Vulgare plant from the mint family. Since it is believed that the antioxidants in the plant reduce the reduction of metal ions to nanoparticles as reducing agents, these two plants were tested for their antioxidant properties by the free radical scavenging method, and the IC50 quantity was measured. Hypericum perforatum plant with IC50 equivalent to 0.413 had more antioxidant content than Marrubium Vulgare plant with IC50 equivalent to 1.562, so it was superior in the process of green synthesis. The properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Visible). The presence of a metal-oxygen bond was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray energy diffraction spectra showed the purity of the synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were observed with spherical morphology and size distribution of 30 to 40 nm and with uniform size distribution. The results of the XRD spectrum showed that pH adjustment did not affect the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles synthesized against the two bacteria used in this present study did not show significant antibacterial properties compared to industrial antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Synthesis of Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Antibiotics as Drug Carriers and the Study of Antibacterial Activity
Milad Golmohamadi Hamid reza Ghorbani Maryam Otadi -
Open Access Article
272 - Aloe Vera gel extract and sunlight mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles with highly effective antibacterial and anticancer activity
Noha Mohamed H.M. El-Masry -
Open Access Article
273 - Functionalization of multi-wall carbon nanotubes with Metformin derivatives and study of their antibacterial activities against E-Coli and S. aureus
Javad Azizian Malak Hekmati -
Open Access Article
274 - Preparation and Characterization of Curcumin-Silver Nanoparticle and Evaluation of the Effect of Poly Ethylene Glycol and Temperature
Parisa Adibzadeh Negar Motakef-Kazemi -
Open Access Article
275 - Mechanosynthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of MgO@SiO2 Nanocomposite
Zaccheus Shehu Yakong David Danbature Lamayi Mela Yoro Sani Aliyu -
Open Access Article
276 - A New Method for the Synthesis of New Derivatives of “1,3- diaryl-2-n-azaphenalene and n-acyl-1,3-diaryl-2-N-azephenylene” by Using Nano catalyst and Analyzing Antibacterial Activity of Structures
Asghar Eftekhari Naser Forughifar Malak Hekmati -
Open Access Article
277 - An Investigation on the Effect of Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans Bacteria on Biomachining of Titanium Alloy and Copper
Mehrdad Ghani Hamid Soleimanimehr Elham Shirani Bidabadi -
Open Access Article
278 - Joint NetWork Reconfiguration and Capacitor Placement by Bactrial Foraging Algorithm
Mohammad Ali Mohammadnia Ali Akbar GharaveisiPower system engineers are forced to place more emphasis on reducing losses at the distribution level. From an economic perspective, Joint network reconfiguration and capacitor placement is one of the best ways to save energy. Application of heuristic technique is unavo MorePower system engineers are forced to place more emphasis on reducing losses at the distribution level. From an economic perspective, Joint network reconfiguration and capacitor placement is one of the best ways to save energy. Application of heuristic technique is unavoidable, because of expansion of distribution networks and becoming more complex connections in these grids. In view of this, for the first this paper investigates the ability of Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFA) for Joint network reconfiguration and capacitor placement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Effects of Pimpinella saxifraga L. extracts on environmental isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and HeLa cell line
Fatemeh Shams Moattar Mirsassan Mirpour Naghmeh HemmatiPimpinella saxifraga L. is a genus of aromatic plants native to northern Iran. Some of its medicinal benefits are already known. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Pimpinella saxifraga L. plant extract on some environmental isolates of Enterococcu MorePimpinella saxifraga L. is a genus of aromatic plants native to northern Iran. Some of its medicinal benefits are already known. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Pimpinella saxifraga L. plant extract on some environmental isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and the HeLa cell line. After collecting the plant and drying it, methanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared. Since phenolic compounds have multiple effects, the number of phenolic compounds in the methanolic extract was measured by the Folin-ciocalteu method. Antibacterial activity against E. faecalis was first measured by disk diffusion, and then MIC and MBC were measured by the Microdilution method. Finally, the anti-proliferative activity of plant extracts on the cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) was investigated using the MTT method. The volume of phenolic compounds in the methanolic extract was 968.33 mg/ml. The investigation of the antimicrobial effect showed that the methanolic extract has significant effects against E. faecalis. The MIC and MBC of this extract were 25 and 100 mg/ml, respectively, and the growth of the cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) was inhibited by about 13% by using MIC concentration. The results of the experiments demonstrated that the methanolic extract of P. saxifraga L. has an inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of Enterococcus faecalis and the HeLa cell line. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Isolation and Characterization of the Symbiotic-Pathogenic Bacteria isolated from Trifolium Resupinatum Plant from the Southern Region of Isfahan, Iran
Nazanin Moazenpour Monir Doudi Ladan Rahimzadeh Torabi Mohammad Hossein PazandehPlant diseases have a significant impact on plants and their crop yields, causing extensive epidemics and recurrent damages that result in profound negative effects. Bacteria such as Erwinia, Pectobacterium, and Klebsiella have a very wide host range and can play a path MorePlant diseases have a significant impact on plants and their crop yields, causing extensive epidemics and recurrent damages that result in profound negative effects. Bacteria such as Erwinia, Pectobacterium, and Klebsiella have a very wide host range and can play a pathogenic role for a large number of ornamental and agricultural plants or even establish a symbiotic relationship with the plant. This group of bacteria that cause all kinds of plant diseases are able to affect seed tubers and the soil microbial community. The objective of this investigation was to identify and classify the distinct symbiotic pathogens associated with Trifolium resupinatum plants obtained from the Shahreza region located in the southern part of Isfahan, Iran. In this investigation, T. resupinatum specimens harboring nodular root structures were initially identified and subsequently retrieved from various locations in the southern region of Isfahan (Shahreza), before being transported to the laboratory. The Yeast Mannitol Agar (YMA) medium underwent a cultivation procedure, subsequent to which the bacterial samples were subjected to molecular identification utilizing morphological and biochemical tests. Additionally, the colony-PCR technique was employed to achieve definitive identification. This study examined the molecular features of three distinct species namely Erwinia chrysanthemi, Pectobacterium carotorum, and Klebsiella oxytoca. It was revealed that the former two species exhibited a symbiotic pathogenic relationship with the T. resupinatum plant, while the latter species posed a threat to human health as a pathogen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Antibacterial Effects of Methanolic Extract of Myristica fragrans against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii Producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamase
Elham Nikouie Ashraf KariminikThe rise of various strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become [E1] one of the primary concerns. Therefore, efforts to utilize plant-derived drugs against drug-resistant bacteria have gained particular importance. This study aimed to investigate the antibacteri MoreThe rise of various strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become [E1] one of the primary concerns. Therefore, efforts to utilize plant-derived drugs against drug-resistant bacteria have gained particular importance. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of the methanol extract of Myristica fragrans against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates that produce broad-spectrum beta-lactamases. The plant extract was prepared using the maceration method. Then, the extract was filtered through Whatman filter paper, Grade 1, and concentrated and dried using a rotary evaporator system. Concentrations of 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, and 0.625 mg/mL of the extract were prepared in a 1:1 v/v mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and methanol as solvents. Beta-lactamase-producing isolates were identified using the phenotypic method with the antibiotic's cefotaxime and the combination of cefotaxime/clavulanic acid. The agar well diffusion method assessed the antibacterial activity against the isolates. Based on the results, 33% of the Klebsiella isolates and 50% of the Acinetobacter isolates were found to produce beta-lactamase. All of the isolates were sensitive to the methanol extract of Myristica fragrans, with an average minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 and 5 mg/mL, respectively. According to the findings, it can be inferred that the Myristica fragrans extract can inhibit Klebsiella and Acinetobacter isolates in vitro. Therefore, with further research and identification of active compounds, it may be possible to utilize this extract as a potential alternative to antibiotics for treatment in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Antimicrobial activity of Ethanolic Extracts of (Tragopogon Collinus L. and Allium Eriophyllum L.) on Some Selected Environmental and Pathogenic Bacteria
Ehsan Abolfathi Nour Amirmozafari Ezaat GhaemiDue to the increase in the incidence of infectious diseases and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The present study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts of the edible plants Tragopogon collinus L. and Allium eriophyl MoreDue to the increase in the incidence of infectious diseases and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The present study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts of the edible plants Tragopogon collinus L. and Allium eriophyllum L. against some environmental and pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis. The extraction of medicinal plants was conducted using ethanol and the percolation method. Agar well diffusion was used to determine the antimicrobial effects of the extracts. The ethanolic extract of Tragopogon collinus showed an inhibitory effect on all bacteria in 250 µg/ml concentration, and the greatest effect was observed on Staphylococcus aureus and E. faecalis, with 20 and 18 mm diameter of zone, respectively. In the 125 µg/ml concentration, with a 21 mm diameter of zone, it had the highest antimicrobial effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae, compared with other bacteria. Regarding the ethanolic extract of Allium eriophyllum L., the highest antibacterial effect at 250 µg/ml concentration was 20 and 22 mm zone diameters. The effect of this plant extract on Pseudomonas aeruginosa was lower than its effect on other bacteria. The MIC of the extract of Tragopogon collinus L. was found at a 5.75 µg/ml concentration on staphylococcus aureus and E. faecalis. The MIC of the ethanolic extract of Allium eriophyllum L. was found at an 11.5 µg/ml concentration on staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results of this study indicate that Tragopogon collinus and Allium eriophyllum have antibacterial properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Grape Seed Extract Loaded Amino Functionalized SBA-15 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a potential drug delivery System: Antibacterial activity and release kinetics studies
Mahdi Shahriarinour Faten Divsar Zahra Nazari ShadMesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are used as efficient carrier candidate for the delivery of bioactive molecules, proteins, and drugs because of their properties such as safety, stability, biocompatibility, high surface area, and controllable pore sizes with narro MoreMesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are used as efficient carrier candidate for the delivery of bioactive molecules, proteins, and drugs because of their properties such as safety, stability, biocompatibility, high surface area, and controllable pore sizes with narrow distribution and facile surface modification. MSNs demonstrate high encapsulation capability for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. In this study, SBA-15 MSN was synthesized by hydrothermal method in acidic media and functionalized by post-grafting method using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The efficiency of amino-functionalized SBA-15 MSN (SBA-15-NH2) was investigated for the loading and release of grape seed extract (GSE). The disc diffusion assay indicated GSE and GSE loaded on SBA-15-NH2 (SBA-15-NH2@GSE) at the concentration of 32 mg/ml extract per disc resulted in the inhibition zone of 24 mm and 15 mm for S. aurous and 22 mm and 13 mm for E. coli, respectively. The antibacterial effect improved by increasing the concentration of GSE loaded into SBA-15-NH2 from 2 to 32 mg/ml. These results indicate that SBA-15-NH2@GSE owns a strong antibacterial potential valuable for the pharmaceutical industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - The Impact of Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the Growth of Melissa officinalis
Elham Karami Monir Doudi Zahra Rezayatmand Ladan Rahimzadeh TorabiMicrobial communities occupy a significant position in the functioning and productivity of agricultural ecosystems. The taxonomic genus Pseudomonas encompasses a group of bacterial species that can establish mutually beneficial partnerships with different plants. The ob MoreMicrobial communities occupy a significant position in the functioning and productivity of agricultural ecosystems. The taxonomic genus Pseudomonas encompasses a group of bacterial species that can establish mutually beneficial partnerships with different plants. The objective of this study was to ascertain and isolate Pseudomonas strains that were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of M. officinalis. Furthermore, an examination was conducted on the morphological characteristics of M. officinalis that had been treated with standard and rhizospheric Pseudomonas. The experimental treatments consisted of 3 different groups: a rhizosphere Pseudomonas inoculation with a concentration of 106 and 109 CFU /ml, standard Pseudomonas inoculation with a concentration of 106 and 109 CFU /ml, and a control group that did not contain any bacteria. To effectively separate bacteria, specialized culture mediums, such as the King B medium, were employed. The biochemical and molecular results revealed that the isolated strain was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The standard Pseudomonas treatment with a concentration of 109 CFU/ml exhibited the greatest root length of 24.1 cm, while the treatment lacking the presence of Pseudomonas displayed the lowest root length of 12.9. Treatments with rhizospheric P. aeruginosa showed the greatest values for stem length, as well as root and stem weight. Meanwhile, the control treatment resulted in the lowest measurements for these mentioned characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Effects of chitosan nanoparticles on mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes
Sara Kazemi Rad Mirsassan Mirpour Mehdi Assmar Mohamad Reza RazaviListeria monocytogenes is the cause of listeriosis, which has many complications, especially in pregnant women. Due to the antibiotic resistance of this bacterium, many attempts have been made to introduce different medicinal compounds, including nanoparticles based on MoreListeria monocytogenes is the cause of listeriosis, which has many complications, especially in pregnant women. Due to the antibiotic resistance of this bacterium, many attempts have been made to introduce different medicinal compounds, including nanoparticles based on biological compounds. This research aimed to examine the mechanism of the effect of chitosan nanoparticles on L. monocytogenes in vivo (in the body of a living organism). The standard strain of L. monocytogenes (ATCC 7644) was prepared and analyzed in the Day Hospital Laboratory (Iran). The bacteria were examined based on biochemical tests. Then, the antibacterial activity of concentrations of 4.88 to 5000 µg/mL of chitosan nanoparticles against L. monocytogenes standard (ATCC 7644) was calculated with the investigated methods and the lowest inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC, respectively). The effects of different nanoparticle concentrations and ampicillin in mice infected with bacteria were also investigated. In infected mice, the therapeutic effect increased with increasing the nanoparticle concentration, and the concentration of 156.25 /mL was the most effective compared to other treatments. Also, ampicillin chitosan nanoparticles with a concentration of 39.06 g/mL had almost the same therapeutic effect. With the timely identification of listeria contamination in pregnant women and the proper use of chitosan nanoparticles instead of common drugs, a new solution can be found for the treatment of listeriosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - The Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from local dairy products of Gorgan township with the ability to inhibit the growth of some gastrointestinal pathogens
hadi koohsari Zeinab Rashti Shohre ArabIsolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from local products can play an important role in the introduction of unique types of probiotics. The present study was conducted in an attempt to isolate lactic acid bacteria from local dairy produced in the township MoreIsolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from local products can play an important role in the introduction of unique types of probiotics. The present study was conducted in an attempt to isolate lactic acid bacteria from local dairy produced in the township of Gorgan which had the ability to inhibit the growth of some gastrointestinal pathogens. In order to isolate lactic acid bacteria, cheeses samples were sub-cultured on media cultures of MRS agar, M17 Agar , KAA and MRS+Vancomycin. Then, isolates were identified based on general morphological characteristics, biochemical and sugar fermentation tests. Using agar well diffusion, the antibacterial activity of culture supernatant of lactic acid bacteria was tested against four pathogenic bacteria. Among 24 samples of local cheeses and dooghs and 4 industrial samples, a total of 73 isolates were identified in which Lactobacillus casei was the most frequent isolate with with 34.24%. Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from sheep's dough and sheep's cheese and Lactobacillus delbrucki and Lactobacillus ramenosus isolated from sheep's dough showed significant antibacterial activity against all pathogenic bacteria studied, namely, E. coli, S. aureus, B. cereus and C. freundii. Moreover, lactic acid bacteria isolated from industrial samples showed less antibacterial activity compared to isolates of local samples. Overall according to antagonistic effects of lactic acid bacteria isolated from of Gorgan’s local dairy products, it is recommended to evaluate their use as probiotic bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Occurrence, quantity and diversity of aerobic spore-forming bacteria in spices and herbs of Tabriz retails
Nastaran Lesanifar Shahram HanifianThe aims of the present work were to evaluate the contamination rate, quantity and diversity of aerobic spore-forming bacteria in spices and herbs marketed in Tabriz. To this end, randomly 5 specimens from 25 different spices and aromatic herbs (totally 125 samples) wer MoreThe aims of the present work were to evaluate the contamination rate, quantity and diversity of aerobic spore-forming bacteria in spices and herbs marketed in Tabriz. To this end, randomly 5 specimens from 25 different spices and aromatic herbs (totally 125 samples) were obtained from the groceries and shopping centers in different parts of Tabriz. The samples were analyzed using standard plate count and conventional biochemical assays. Results showed that the highest levels of mesophilic spore-forming bacteria were observed in Turmeric spice with an average of 7.02 ± 0.60 log cfu/g and the lowest amount of these bacteria in Coriander spice with average of 4.15 ± 0.56 log cfu/g was observed. From studied spices, sure with average of 4.73 ± 0.86 log cfu/g and the black pepper with average of 7.20 ± 0.81 log cfu/g had lowest and highest thermophilic spore-forming bacteria, respectively. The highest frequency of mesophilic bacteria was related to Bacillus coagulans. The most thermophilic Bacillus species in studied spices were B. macerans (16.99 %), pantotenticus (15.53%) and cereus (14.7 percent). Bacillus species diversity in studied spices showed that marjoram spice had the greatest number of mesophilic Bacillus species (11 species) and Sumac spice had the highest species of thermophilic Bacillus (10 species) had the. Generally, results showed that most of the spices in Tabriz region had a high microbial load of aerobic spore-forming bacteria; and can be a source of contamination and spoilage in foods that used in their combination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Identification of some of the biofilm forming bacteria from the pasteurized milk production line
Sayedeh Saleheh Vaezi Arezoo Tahmoures Mohammad GoliBiofilm is a collection of microorganisms in an extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix (EPS) which is adhered to the surface. Biofilms are considered as the most important food industry`s problem, especially in the post-contamination of pasteurized products. It is due t MoreBiofilm is a collection of microorganisms in an extracellular exopolysaccharide matrix (EPS) which is adhered to the surface. Biofilms are considered as the most important food industry`s problem, especially in the post-contamination of pasteurized products. It is due to the high resistance feature of biofilm to the antimicrobial factors and Cleaning in Place (CIP) process. In this study, the bacterial biofilm from the inner part of pasteurized milk production line were isolated and bacterial compositions were assessed in order to identification of effective agents of post-contamination of pasteurized products. In order to conduct this survey, after CIP process, sampling was done from ten different parts of the production line (in 3 replicates). Isolation, purification and probable identification of isolated bacteria according to Bergey’s Manual of systematic bacteriology were performed. Results showed the presence of bacteria from different genera of Listeria, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Aeromonas. Klebsiella, Proteus, Lactobacillus and Micrococcus in which Staphylococcus and Shigella sonnei were the most predominant isolated genus and specie with 19% and 11% of the whole population, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Study the antimicrobial effects of the essential oils of Origanum vulgare, Mentha piperita and Carum carvi on the bacteria isolates from food stuffs
Mehrdad Ataie KachoueiThe need to replace synthetic preservatives with a natural resource has caused the food manufacturers to use from the medicinal plants as a reservoir. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from Origanum vulga MoreThe need to replace synthetic preservatives with a natural resource has caused the food manufacturers to use from the medicinal plants as a reservoir. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of essential oils extracted from Origanum vulgare, Mentha piperita and Carum carvi on the Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium isolated from food products. After preparation of medicinal plants, essence extraction was done using the Clevenger device and antimicrobial effects of essences were evaluated on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium isolated from raw milk and meat. Diameter of inhibition zone each essences was determined using the simple disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Bacterial strains isolates of meat were more resistant to all tested essences but the pattern of the effectiveness of essential oils on isolated strains were similar in both sources. Essential oil extracted from Origanum vulgare had the highest antimicrobial effect on S. aureus and the lowest on E. coli, Mentha piperita had the highest antimicrobial effect on E. coli and the lowest on S. aureus and Carum carvi had the highest antimicrobial effect on S. aureus and the lowest on S. typhimurium. According to the antibacterial effects of the mentioned essential oils, the possibility of their application as an antimicrobial preservatives in meat and its products and also dairy products dairy is exist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Isolation and screening of bacteriocin-producing bacteria from native dairy products of Kerman province and study of antibacterial activity of produced bacteriocin
Mohammad Khodaii Shala Soltani NezhadIn recent years, Bacteriocins have been recognized as natural preservatives in food and drug industries, also, nowadays, they are used as substitutes of chemical antibiotics for treatment of infections. Bacteria in probiotic dairies recognized as “Lactic Acid Bact MoreIn recent years, Bacteriocins have been recognized as natural preservatives in food and drug industries, also, nowadays, they are used as substitutes of chemical antibiotics for treatment of infections. Bacteria in probiotic dairies recognized as “Lactic Acid Bacteria”, are significant group of bacteriocin producing bacteria. In this study 15 isolates have been isolated from native dairies of Kerman province. The Bacteriocins were purified by sulfate ammonium method. The effect of produced bacteriocins on different indicator gram negative and positive strains was investigated. The effects of trypsin, pH ranges, and heat on the produced bacteriocin were investigated too. The isolate that produced the most bacteriocin with the most antibacterial activity, identified as Enterococcus faecium Y1.The maximum antibacterial effect was observed against Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The produced bacteriocin lost activity in presence of trypsin. It was resistant against pH ranges from 2 to 12 and heat ranges up to autoclave temperature. The produced bacteriocin had a wide antibacterial activity spectrum against the gram positive and negative bacteria, in particular pathogenic bacteria, also was resistant against heat and pH ranges. As a result, use of bacteriocin in food and drug industry, as animal feed, and as a substitute for chemical antibiotics is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - The effect of gamma rays on shelf life of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillet in the refrigerator condition
reza shahhoseini Zohreh MashakVarious ways to increase the duration used for food storage, among whom radiation can be used as an effective way to retard spoilage in food in particular is concerned with the origin of the fish. In this study 50 grass carp (Grass carp) (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (mean MoreVarious ways to increase the duration used for food storage, among whom radiation can be used as an effective way to retard spoilage in food in particular is concerned with the origin of the fish. In this study 50 grass carp (Grass carp) (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (mean weight 1-1.5 kg) for gamma irradiation with cobalt-60 source by doses of zero, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 kGy chosen and then change microbial load and total volatile nitrogen in the days 1, 7 and 14 were evaluated under the conditions of storage in refrigerator. These research results demonstrate the significant decline in aerobic mesophilic bacteria and T.V.N in the irradiated samples in comparison with non-irradiated samples. In this study, given that the dose of 3.5 kGy dose caused a significant decrease in comparison with other (standard range) T.V.N values and aerobic mesophilic bacteria was in the refrigerator until the seventh day. Therefore, in Grass carp using it (3.5kGy) as the best dose to prevent corruption is recommended in seventh days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Anti-adhesively effect of bio-surfactant from Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 on the isolated bacteria from the pasteurized milk production line
Sayedeh Saleheh Vaezi Arezoo TahmourespoorMany bacteria possess the ability to connect to surfaces that this ability to "biofilm" is called. Biofilms attached to the food industry for the production of many problems in the production line and the final product is therefore necessary to examine methods of contro MoreMany bacteria possess the ability to connect to surfaces that this ability to "biofilm" is called. Biofilms attached to the food industry for the production of many problems in the production line and the final product is therefore necessary to examine methods of controlling them. In this study, the bacterial biofilm from the inner part of pasteurized milk production line from one factory in Isfahan were isolated, purified and identified (by biochemical tests). After that, bio-surfactant was extracted from Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469. Then the anti-adhesively effect of bio-surfactant was performed by micro-titer-plate method and optical density was read with ELISA Reader. Finally, data factorial analysis of variance to test and comparison of means were analyzed method LSD at 5%. Results showed Staphylococcus was the most predominant isolated genus with 19% of the whole population. Also the average of anti-adhesively effect of bio-surfactants used in this study is 42.8%. The highest effect of bio-surfactants was on Klebsiella pneumonia with 82.3% for reducing connection and the least effect was on Staphylococcus aureus with 4.2%forreducing connection. However, due to the positive anti-adhesively effect of bio-surfactant, use it in the production line during the CIP process is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Evaluation of the chemical composition,antimicrobial and antioxidant of Potentilla recta extracts
hojjat azad Tooraj MehdizadehThe use of herbs has long been common in many societies. The importance of medicinal plants, with the intensification of the therapeutic effect, is that in many cases it can also avoid the toxicity and adverse effects of medication. In this study Potentilla recta, one o MoreThe use of herbs has long been common in many societies. The importance of medicinal plants, with the intensification of the therapeutic effect, is that in many cases it can also avoid the toxicity and adverse effects of medication. In this study Potentilla recta, one of the Iran and Azerbaijan region-native medicinal plants, was studied in terms of chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant effect. After collecting, drying and milling of plants, the methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts obtained by maceration method. To identify the constituents of the extracts, gas chromatography connected tomass spectrometry was conducted. The DPPH radical scavenging method used to measure the antioxidant potential and the results was reported based on the IC50 index. After determine MIC and MBC using broth micro dilution method, agar well diffusion assay conducted to assess the antimicrobial effect of extracts. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared using Duncan test at PL.monocytogenes microbial growth inhibition zone area (p <0.05). All prepared extracts had the ability to scavenging radical 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and the highest antioxidant potency after 30 minutes related to methanol extract. Most chemical compounds in methanol, ethanol and ethylacetate extracts, were respectively: methyllinoleate and ethyllinoleate. This study showed that the methanol extract of Potentilla recta has great antibacterial and antioxidant properties and with more research can be used in various applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Designing predictive model for microbial load in sausage meat processing with using impedance method and survey on its correlation with reference
Reyhaneh Sororyan Laleh Roomiani Ali FazlaraThe objective of the present study was to employ the technique of Impedance Splitting Method, a technique of high accuracy and sensitivity, in the microbial count and characterization based on their rate of metabolic activity leading to a change in electrical resistance MoreThe objective of the present study was to employ the technique of Impedance Splitting Method, a technique of high accuracy and sensitivity, in the microbial count and characterization based on their rate of metabolic activity leading to a change in electrical resistance in the shortest possible time. A total bacterial count on samples (n= 80 of sausage) collected during the cold and warm seasons, were evaluated by the standard and the Impedance splitting methods (ISM). Based on the obtained coefficient of determination results in the resulting mathematical equations, the correlation coefficient between the two methods in relation to the total bacterial count in sausage, in the summer and winter seasons, as well as the cumulative results have been 93.9, 93.1and 95%, respectively. This study suggests that impediometric technique can be used as a rapid and reliable method to accurate estimation of sausage bacterial loads. This initial evaluation of the suitability of indirect impedance to generate microbial growth data in complex food matrices indicates significant potential for the technology as an alternative to plating methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Study of Antibacterial and Synergistic Effect of Digitalis nervusa Extract and Ciprofloxacin on Staphylococcus aureus
leili Ayoubinejad hamid nazari Ali Mohammadi saniIn spite of novel progresses in the methods for foodstuff’s preparation and production, consumer’s health and safety in the public hygiene import increasingly. One of the ways to control sickening microorganisms is the use of chemical retentive in the food. MoreIn spite of novel progresses in the methods for foodstuff’s preparation and production, consumer’s health and safety in the public hygiene import increasingly. One of the ways to control sickening microorganisms is the use of chemical retentive in the food. Today consumers are complaining to use natural retentive that are derivatives of herbaceous resources. As for harmful effects of food’s synthetic and chemical retentive. This study performs as for determining antibacterial Effects of Digitalis plant’s extracts on Staphylococcus aureus pathogenic bacteria in the foodstuff. In this study the ethanol extract alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin antibiotic on gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), were evaluated by micro broth dilution method. MIC test results for Digitalis plant extract and Ciprofloxacin antibiotic evaluated 4.9 mg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml. effect of both extract and antibiotic results showed that growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the simultaneous use of 3.5 mg/ml extract and 0.28 μg/ml was inhibited by antibiotics. Evaluation of MBC tests for Digitalis plant extract and ciprofloxacin antibiotic evaluated 7.1 mg/ml and 1 μg/ml, results show that the combination of 4.2 mg/ml of extract and 0.14 μg/ml antibiotics cause the bacteria is eliminated.Concomitant use of alcohol extract and antibiotics, decreasing 48 percent of antibiotic to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, and simultaneous use of alcohol extract and antibiotic, antibiotic use decreased 86 percent in the MBC for Staphylococcus aureus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - The investigation on the anti-bacterial power of bioactive peptides obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) oil cake protein
Elham Nor Mohamadi Alireza Sadeghi Mahonaki Donya Shahrampoor Morteza KhamiriNowadays a large part of microorganisms are going to become resistant against common antibiotics. In this study the effect of bioactive peptides obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of pumpkin oil cake protein as natural anti-microbial agents was examined. In this researc MoreNowadays a large part of microorganisms are going to become resistant against common antibiotics. In this study the effect of bioactive peptides obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of pumpkin oil cake protein as natural anti-microbial agents was examined. In this research pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) oil cake protein was hydrolyzed by pepsin, trypsin and alcalase. Optimum treatments were selected based on DPPH radical scavenging activity and anti-microbial activity of total and diluted extracts (1/2, 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16) were evaluated against Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. peptides produced by 1% pepsin, 30 ˚C and 2h hydrolysis (P3012), 1% pepsin, 35 ˚C, 3.5h hydrolysis (P35135), 1% alcalase, 50 ˚C, 3.5h hydrolysis (A50135), 2% alcalase 50 ˚C, 3.5h hydrolysis (A50235), 1% trypsin, 35 ˚C, 5h hydrolysis (T3551) and 1% trypsin, 45 ˚C and 5h hydrolysis (T4551) were selected as optimum treatments. Total extracts of P3012, T4551 and A50135 showed an appropriate inhibitory effect on tested bacteria while total extract of T3551 had no inhibitory activity against pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration of P35135 was 1/2­ against Bacillus, 1/8­ against Escherichia and 1/16 against Listeria. Minimum inhibitory concentration of A50235 was 1/4 on Staphylococcus and Bacillus and1/8 against Listeria. Based on the results, enzymatic hydrolysis can be employed as an effective approach to produce natural anti-oxidative and anti-microbial agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - Bacterial zoonotic disease from fish: a review
Mehdi RaissyZoonoses involving transmission of disease and biotoxin producing agents from fish to humans have been documented in the literature mostly including bacteria, biotoxins and parasites. The list of potential fish-borne zoonoses is quite large. Twenty six infectious agents MoreZoonoses involving transmission of disease and biotoxin producing agents from fish to humans have been documented in the literature mostly including bacteria, biotoxins and parasites. The list of potential fish-borne zoonoses is quite large. Twenty six infectious agents are discussed in this review and there are also many other infectious organisms of fish origin that have not been reported but have the potential to infect and harm human. The status of the human host immune system plays a vital role in the severity of the disease. The major exposure routes include ingestion and introduction of organisms through open wounds or abrasions. More specifically, ingestion includes consumption of raw or under-cooked infected fish tissue, ingestion of fish tissue contaminated with feces from infected fish. Overall 46.15 % of fish-borne zoonoses are transmitted orally which are mostly helminthic diseases are caused by Trematodes, Cestodes and nematodes. Yet these zoonoses are responsible for large numbers of human infections around the world. Ingestion of water harboring infectious organisms with 23.07 % and Dermal exposure includes introduction of infectious agents into open wounds or abrasions through handling infected fish or infected water with 19.23 % are other transmission ways and importantly 15.38 % of fish-borne zoonoses are transmitted by more than one way. Distribution, epidemiology, clinical aspects, and the research needed for improved risk assessments, clinical management and prevention and control of these important diseases are reviewed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Antibacterial properties of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil nanoemulsion formed by emulsion phase inversion
nasim Shahabi Hussein Tajik mehran moradi Mehrdad ForoughThis study aimed to investigate preparation of a Zataria multiflora essential oil nanoemulsion and to evaluate its antibacterial against Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeriamonocytogenes. The average particles size of nanoemlusion prepared by inversion phase using tween MoreThis study aimed to investigate preparation of a Zataria multiflora essential oil nanoemulsion and to evaluate its antibacterial against Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeriamonocytogenes. The average particles size of nanoemlusion prepared by inversion phase using tween 20, which measured by dynamic light scattering, was 66.5 nm. The antibacterial activity of nanoemlusion has examined through agar diffusion, vapor-phase diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time kill curves against Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeriamonocytogenes in BHI. The average diameter of the zones of inhibition of nanoemlusion through agar diffusion was 8.3 and 8.54 mm for S. typhimurium and L. monocytogene, respectively. Also, average diameter of the zones of inhibition of nanoemlusion was zero against both bacteria according to vapor-phase diffusion. The results showed that nanoemlusion exhibited MIC and MBC of 5000 µg/ml on S. typhimurium and MIC and MBC of 2500 µg/ml on L. monocytogene. The effect of 10, 100 and 1000-fold diluted nanoemlusion on both bacterial kill in BHI at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes and the results showed that in BHI, the 10 and 100 fold-diluted nanoemlusion caused a 6 and 4 log reduction at S. Typhimuriumin 60 min and the 10-fold caused more than 4 log reduction of L. monocytogene. According to the results, it can be concluded that prepared nanoemlusion is suitable antimicrobial solution and by optimizing the process, it can be beneficial to control the bacterial microorganisms of foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Bacteriologic investigation of bovine mastitis in Isfahan livestocks and the effect of beehive Propolis and Pollen extracts on the isolated bacteria
Nafiseh Sadat Naghavi Najme Akafzade Mehran MajlesiMastitis is inflammation which causes physical and chemical changes in milk and pathological changes in mammary gland. The aims of present study were identification of bovine mastitis causative agents in Isfahan and survey of bee Propolis and Pollen antibacterial effect MoreMastitis is inflammation which causes physical and chemical changes in milk and pathological changes in mammary gland. The aims of present study were identification of bovine mastitis causative agents in Isfahan and survey of bee Propolis and Pollen antibacterial effect on the isolated bacteria. Milk samples were aseptically obtained from 10 mastitic cattle. The isolated bacteria were detected based on macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical characteristics. Ethanol and acetone extracts were prepared from Propolis and Pollen by soaking and the antibacterial effects of them determined using well plate and microdilution methods. The isolated bacteria included Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium sp., Listeria sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Well plate method showed that Propolis and Polen extracts were effective on Gram-positive bacteria but had no effect on Gram-negative ones. The mean of results showed maximum effects of Pollen acetone extract on Streptococcus agalactiae (concentration of 12.5 mg/ml) and Pollen ethanol extract on Corynebacterium (concentration of 12.5 mg/ml). Acetone extract of Propolis showed maximum effect on Staphylococcus aureus (concentration of 25 mg/ml) and Listeria sp. (concentration of 12.5 mg/ml). The results were confirmed by minimum bactericidal concentration analysis. Extracts of propolis and pollen showed powerful effects on Gram-positive isolates and this effect was more detected by acetone extracts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Evaluation of antibacterial and probiotic properties of Lactobacillus paraplantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from wheat bran and rice bran sourdoughs
Masoumeh Ehsanbakhsh علیرضا صادقی Mojtaba Raeisi Maryam Ebrahimi Mahdi Kashani nejadThe aims of this study were to evaluate the probiotic and antibacterial properties of Lactobacillus paraplantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from wheat bran and rice bran sourdoughs. For mentioned purpose, survival of the isolates in simulated conditions of ga MoreThe aims of this study were to evaluate the probiotic and antibacterial properties of Lactobacillus paraplantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from wheat bran and rice bran sourdoughs. For mentioned purpose, survival of the isolates in simulated conditions of gastrointestinal tract, their antagonistic activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coliand Pseudomonas putida as foodborne indicator bacteria, ability of aggregation with E. coli as an infection agent of intestine and profile resistance of these lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates against some of routine antibiotics and their hemolysis activity were also investigated. Based on the results, the highest sensitivity of the bacterial indicators towards LAB isolates was observed in L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, the highest inhibition of LAB cell-free culture filtrate (CCF) were belonged to L. paraplantarum logarithmic and stationary CCF, against L. monocytogenes and P. pentosaceus stationary CCF, against P. putida. The survival of L. paraplantarum was also significantly (P<0.05) more than the other LAB isolate in pH=3 and 0.3% bile salt. Furthermore, the LAB isolates were resistant to Vancomycin, Sterptomycin, Nalidixic Acid, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin antibiotics. Aggregation ability of L. paraplantarum and P. pentosaceus with E. coli were respectively equal to 31.52 and 16.9% and the LAB isolates hadn’t hemolysis activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of ascorbic acid on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillet during refrigerated storage
فریبرز قجقی سید پژمان حسینی شکرابی آتوسا محمدیIn this study the effect of preliminary ascorbic acid soaking treatments with two concentration 100 and 300 mg on the microbial growth and rancidity development in common carp fillet during refrigerated storage (4±1ºC) up to 21 days was investigated. Microbi MoreIn this study the effect of preliminary ascorbic acid soaking treatments with two concentration 100 and 300 mg on the microbial growth and rancidity development in common carp fillet during refrigerated storage (4±1ºC) up to 21 days was investigated. Microbial analysis including total viable counts and psychrophilic bacteria counts as well as the peroxide, total volatile basic-nitrogen, free fatty acids, thiobarbituric acid and pH were periodically measured every 7 days during storage period. According to the results, the treated sample with 300 mg ascorbic acid significantly reduced the total viable counts as well as psychrotrophic bacteria counts in comparison to other groups (p<0.05). The maximum and minimum amounts of peroxide value was calculated in the control (6.113±0.471 meq/kg) and 300 mg of ascorbic acid (3.933±0.045 meq/kg), respectively (p<0.05). The amount of total volatile base nitrogen was controlled just in 300 mg of ascorbic acid treatment than other treatments at the end of storage day (p<0.05). Increasing trend of thiobarbituric acid was significantly inhibited in 300 mg ascorbic acid treatment compared to control group during storage (p<0.05). The maximum value of free fatty acids (FFA) was obtained in the control (18.378±0.966%) (p<0.05), while the amount of FFA in 100 and 300 mg of ascorbic acid treatments were reached 9.967±0.911% and 7.017±0.267%, respectively. Results of bacterial and chemical analyses showed that bacterial growth and formation of primary and secondary lipid oxidation compounds were controlled by increasing ascorbic acid concentration which was corroborated by a longer shelf-life time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Evaluation of antibacterial effects of some plant extracts and essential oils against Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Mehdi Raissy Ali Daghaghelelh Mojtaba Alishahi Mehdi RahimiIn this study the antibacterial effects of ethanolic extract of eight medicinal plants (Artemisia aucheri, Satureja bachtiarica, Tanacetum parthenium, Cuminum cyminum, Salvia officinalis, Achillea kellalensis, Stachys lavandulifolia, Myrtuscommunis) and the essential oi MoreIn this study the antibacterial effects of ethanolic extract of eight medicinal plants (Artemisia aucheri, Satureja bachtiarica, Tanacetum parthenium, Cuminum cyminum, Salvia officinalis, Achillea kellalensis, Stachys lavandulifolia, Myrtuscommunis) and the essential oil of Satureja bachtiarica, Artemisia aucheri, Tanacetum parthenium, Cuminum cyminum, Achillea kellalensis, Myrtuscommunis on Vibrio parahaemolyticus were evaluated. Standard tube dilution method was used for evaluation of Minimum Bactericidal Concentration value (MBC) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration value (MIC) of each plant. Then inhibitory zone of bacterial growth for each plant was also measured and compared to positive and negative control. The results showed that the extracts of Satureja bachtiarica had the highest antibacterial effects on V. parahaemolyticus with the inhibitory bacterial growth zone of 15 mm. The extract of Tanacetum parthenium and Cuminum cyminum were also effective with the inhibitory bacterial growth zone of 14 and 11.67 mm against V. parahaemolyticus. Other herbal extract showed no antibacterial effects. The results revealed the higher antibacterial effects of essential oils comparing to the extracts and the highest antibacterial effect were belonged to Satureja bachtiarica, Tanacetum partheniumand Cuminum cyminum. It can be concluded that regarding to high antibacterial effect of Satureja bachtiarica, Tanacetum parthenium and Cuminum cyminum, they can be used in elimination of V. parahaemolyticus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - The effect of Satureja khuzestanica essential oil on E.coli in Iranian white cheese
Shima Shahrabi Ali Fazlara Ahmad Zand moghaddamEscherichia coli is one of the most important members coliforms, which are important in terms of Pathogenicity and toxicity.The aim of this study using of Satureja khuzestanica essential oil as an antibiotic and natural preservatives in a food model (cheese UF) was afte MoreEscherichia coli is one of the most important members coliforms, which are important in terms of Pathogenicity and toxicity.The aim of this study using of Satureja khuzestanica essential oil as an antibiotic and natural preservatives in a food model (cheese UF) was after 60 days of storage. The data was analyzed using SPSS 16 and statistical tests One_Way ANOVA and Repeated Measures Define. The effect of Satureja khuzestanica essential oil (in 0.02% and 0.04% concentration) was studied on Escherichia coli with 104 cfu/ml in retentate consumed for cheese making with the blank sample which was not contained essential oil. The concentration of 0.02 and 0.04 % bacteria in the cheese containing the essential oil of 15 keeping up with the other days showed significant difference with the cheese without Satureja khuzestanica essential oil (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Isolation and Identification of Pediococcus Species from Raw Milk of Iranian One Humped Camel and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Properties
Nafiseh Davati Farideh Tabatabaei yazdi Saeed ZibaeiIran is a country with vast arid desert and camels have many adaptations that allow them to live successfully in desert conditions. Lactic Acid Bacteria such as Pediococcus play an important role in quality of fermented products of camel milk. A total of three samples o MoreIran is a country with vast arid desert and camels have many adaptations that allow them to live successfully in desert conditions. Lactic Acid Bacteria such as Pediococcus play an important role in quality of fermented products of camel milk. A total of three samples of raw milk of Iranian one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) were collected from Golestan province in Iran under aseptic conditions. Among isolated bacteria, only six isolates were phenotypically characterized as pediococcus species. Six bacterial isolates were identified by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and were then grouped by the Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) method. Based on restriction analysis of 16S rRNA gene, the isolates of pediococcusgenus were grouped into one ARDRA pattern that were identified by ribosomal DNA sequencing as Pediococcus pentosaceus. The antimicrobial activity of Pediococcusisolatesagainst Salmonella typhi PTCC 1609 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876 was examined by the Spot on lawn method. The results showed that antimicrobial activity of P. pentosaceus isolated from raw milk of Iranian camel was remarkable was remarkable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - Antimicrobial effects of Chitosan films incorporating with Lavandula stoechas on some food-borne bacteria
Zohreh Mashak سمیرا فیاض فر نرجس چراغیToday, application of natural antimicrobial films as an inhibitors of growth of dangerous microbes especially in food staffs have been increased. The present study was carried out in order to study the antimicrobial activity of chitosan films containing 1–4% (v &f MoreToday, application of natural antimicrobial films as an inhibitors of growth of dangerous microbes especially in food staffs have been increased. The present study was carried out in order to study the antimicrobial activity of chitosan films containing 1–4% (v ⁄ v) Lavandula stoechas essential oil (EO) on some food-borne pathogenic bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7). At first, the essential oil of the Lavandula stoechas herb was prepared. The most essential components are 1,8 cineol (16/49%), borneol (75/10%), camphor (94/8%) and linalool L (95/3%) and alfa-pinene (2/3 %).Then Circular discs of chitosan films containing different concentration of Lavandula stoechas essential oil were placed on bacterial lawn. Chitosan films incorporated with 4% (v ⁄ v) of EO inhibited the growth of all tested pathogenic bacteria. Incorporation of Chitosan film with EO showed significant antimicrobial effects (P < 0.05). Transparency of film was reduced by increasing of EO. These results showed that Chitosan films containing Lavandula stoechas EO have good effect for packaging some foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - Contamination rate and biofilm formation by psychotrophic bacteria from bulk milk tanks and dairy processing equipments
Rasoul Rezapour Shahram HanifianPsychorotrophs are the heterogeneous group of bacteria that can grow at refrigerator temperatures. Most of these bacteria produce extracellular proteases and lipases which decompose lipids and proteins in milk that leads to undesirable defect in milk. These defects do n MorePsychorotrophs are the heterogeneous group of bacteria that can grow at refrigerator temperatures. Most of these bacteria produce extracellular proteases and lipases which decompose lipids and proteins in milk that leads to undesirable defect in milk. These defects do not disappear even after pasteurization and sterilization. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence rate and diversity of psychotropic bacteria in raw milk tankers and dairy processing equipments as well as the biofilm-forming ability of the isolates. A total of 80 samples including 30 samples of raw milk tanks, 30 samples of dairy product processing equipments and 20 samples from different surfaces of the production line were collected. According to the results, 26.25% of the samples were found contaminated with psychrotrophic bacteria. Amongst, 65% of the surface samples of production line, 23.33% of the raw milk tanks and 3.3% of the processing equipment were positive for psychrotrophic bacteria. Out of 31 isolates, Bacillus genus had the highest contamination rate (32.25%), whilst Alcaligenes showed the lowest rate (3.2%). The results of biofilm formation revealed that 21 isolates (67.75%) were able to produce biofilm. It was concluded that in some cases, current CIP procedure is not efficient for the entire removal of biofilm from the processing equipments. It seems that it is necessary to apply complementary physical/chemical approaches along with the current CIP procedure to complete obliteration of biofilms from dairy industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Aerobic spore-forming bacteria in raw and pasteurized milks of East-Azarbaijan area: occurrence, quantity and diversity
Maryam Jabbarpour Sattari Jalal Shayegh Shahram HanifianGrowth and proliferation of spore-forming bacteria cause food spoilage or may contribute in foodborne illness through the production of toxins. Aerobic spore-formers are widely distributed in nature and are of greater concern in dairy industry. The aim of this study was MoreGrowth and proliferation of spore-forming bacteria cause food spoilage or may contribute in foodborne illness through the production of toxins. Aerobic spore-formers are widely distributed in nature and are of greater concern in dairy industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, quantity and diversity of spore-forming bacteria in raw and pasteurized milks of East-Azarbaijan area. For this reason, 80 raw milks and 40 pasteurized milk samples were randomly obtained and the populations of mesophilic together with thermophilic spore-formers were estimated. The diversity of the enumerated colonies was determined using routine biochemical assays. According to the results, the occurrence of mesophilic and thermophilic spore-formers in raw milks was 82.5% and 87.5%, and for the pasteurized milk samples it was 77.5% and 82.5%, respectively. Results revealed remarkable loads of spore-formers (ranged 2-8 log cfu/ml) both in raw and pasteurized milks. Moreover, 12 and 8 Bacillus species were identified in raw and pasteurized milks, respectively; amongst B. macerans and B. cereus were the major species which accounted for the overall 76% and 64% of the isolates in raw and pasteurized milk samples, respectively. Results revealed that contamination of milk via environmental sources could be the main reason for the presence of high loads of spore-forming bacteria, so that pasteurization process was not appreciably efficient. It was concluded that the presence of toxin-producing species in pasteurized milks could be considered as a health hazard for the consumers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Optimization of extraction conditions of Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) extract by soaking method and its antibacterial effect
Esmaeil Ataye Salehi Amir Khadang NikfarjamIn this study, optimum conditions for extraction of the alcoholic extract of Vaccinium macrocarpon by soaking method and its antibacterial effects were determined by Response Surface Method. Extraction was carried out at a temperature of 5 to 60 ° C, 2 to 10 hours, MoreIn this study, optimum conditions for extraction of the alcoholic extract of Vaccinium macrocarpon by soaking method and its antibacterial effects were determined by Response Surface Method. Extraction was carried out at a temperature of 5 to 60 ° C, 2 to 10 hours, and the sample to solvent ratio of 4 to 20%, and an ethanol / methanol solvent ratio of 0 to 100%. The antimicrobial effects of the extracts were evaluated by detection of MIC and MBC against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The optimum operating conditions to obtain the maximum amount of Cranberry extract were at 60 ° C, 10 hours, and the sample to solvent ratio 11.43% and the ethanol to methanol ratio 88.88%. In these conditions, the extraction yield was 4.88%. Extraction yield of cranberry extract was predicted based on the mathematical model was 5.17%. This value is close to the value predicted by the model indicates a relatively good performance model. Alcoholic extract of Vaccinium macrocarpon resulting antibacterial activity and influence on the growth of all bacteria was tested. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive than gram-negative bacteria. Bacillus cereus and E. coli, had the most and the least sensitivity to the alcoholic extract of Vaccinium macrocarpon. So that they had the lowest and the highest values of MIC and MBC among bacteria respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Determination of chemical composition and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of Mentha spicata L. essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
katayoon Mokhayeri Hadi Khohsari Seyyede Zahra Seyyed AlangiMentha spicata L. (Peppermint) is a widely used medicinal herb that also as a commonly herb spice has used in the food industry.This study carried out to evaluating of chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Mentha spicata L. (Peppermint) MoreMentha spicata L. (Peppermint) is a widely used medicinal herb that also as a commonly herb spice has used in the food industry.This study carried out to evaluating of chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Mentha spicata L. (Peppermint) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.Essential oil of the herb leafs was extracted by Clevenger apparatus. Chemical composition of essential oil was identified with a Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system and then Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of this essential oil were determined using micro-dilution broth method in microplate 96 pits. A total of 33 chemical constituents were identified which contained 98.5% the total of essential oil compounds. The most important components of this essential oil were: carvone (%28.35), menthol (%14.35), methylene (%14.059) and limonene (%9.303). MIC and MBC of essential oil of this herb against the S. aureus 25 and 25 µg/ml and against the E.coli was 50 and 100 µg/ml respectively. Due to antibacterial compounds of essential oil of this plant, it can be used as a natural preservative in food. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - The comparative study of antibacterial effects of Royal Jelly and Honey and the combination of them against standard strain of Helicobacter pylori
Nahid Rahimifard Behrang Hoseinzadeh shahram shoeibiHelicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic spiral rod. About half of the world population is infected with the bacteria that cause gastric and duodenal ulcers, and if untreated and eradication lead to the gastric cancer. Treatment is not easy and requires t MoreHelicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic spiral rod. About half of the world population is infected with the bacteria that cause gastric and duodenal ulcers, and if untreated and eradication lead to the gastric cancer. Treatment is not easy and requires the administration of high doses of combination antibiotic with extensive and repeated use, in addition to side effects, the incidence of bacterial resistance as a double challenge is posed. So finding an alternative treatment, such as new natural antimicrobial resources including bee products such as honey and royal jelly is necessary. Honey due to high osmolality, low acidity, and content of hydrogen peroxide and non-peroxide components and royal jelly because of Royalisin protein, fatty acid Trans-10-Hydroxy-2- Decenoic acid (10-HAD) and Jelleins peptides; they have a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity. In this study, anti-Helicobacter pylori property of thyme honey and Royal Jelly, harvested from hive located in Damavand region near Tehran-Iran, and mixture of them, against the standard strain of H.pylori ATCC 43504, was evaluated by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. This method as the golden standard technique for determining the sensitivity of microorganisms to antimicrobial agents has been known and in accordance with standard procedures in the British Society For Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) guidelines, was performed. Thyme honey and Royal Jelly and their mixture with positive control sample as cephalexin, had respectively 31.25, 62.5, 31.25, 0.0652 mg/ml MIC against standard strain of H. pylori. There was no synergy effect between honey and Royal Jelly in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Effect of Plant Extracts and Packaging on Control of Microbial Property and Antioxidant Activity of Basil
narjes mansouri Mohammad Moghaddam fatemeh kazemi masomeh bahraini Hussain AroieeIn order to disinfection and increase the shelf life of vegetables, it is necessary to use natural compounds with suitable packaging. In this study, natural plant compounds were studied in reducing microbial load and their effect, along with two types of zip-plast and c MoreIn order to disinfection and increase the shelf life of vegetables, it is necessary to use natural compounds with suitable packaging. In this study, natural plant compounds were studied in reducing microbial load and their effect, along with two types of zip-plast and cellophane packaging on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of basil. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of green tea and Khorasani thyme were prepared. Basil leaves were exposed to concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 percent of the extracts for 15 minutes. Then they were placed in the packaging of cellophane and zip-plast and storage with a relative humidity of 85% and a temperature of 7°C. Reduced bacterial count was measured after basil treatment by the different concentrations mentioned in both extracts. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity basil were measured during the storage period for four periods. 40% concentration of green tea extract reduced the Enterobacteriaceae by 4.48 logarithms in basil samples. Extract concentration of 40% Khorasan thyme and green tea were able to bring coliform bacteria population to zero. In the survey of total phenolic content of basil during storage showed 10% concentration of Khorasan thyme extract at zip-plast packaging and in antioxidant activity of basil samples, 10% concentration of both extracts in zip-plast packaging had the least changes compared to fresh basil. In addition, green tea and Khorasan thyme extracts as natural compounds with high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, along with zip-plast packaging, can be considered for increasing the shelf-life and reducing the microbial pollution of basil Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Antimicrobial Effect of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Extract on Some Soft Rot Bacteria in Storage Condition
Esmaiil Torkabadi Zeinab Fotoohiyan fatemeh shahdadiNowadays, use of plants in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, which have antimicrobial activity, is considered. The aim of present study was evaluating biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of rosemary and then investigating the effect of these na MoreNowadays, use of plants in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, which have antimicrobial activity, is considered. The aim of present study was evaluating biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of rosemary and then investigating the effect of these nanoparticles and mancoseb toxin on soft rot bacteria isolated from carrots, potatoes and onions during storage. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were analyzed by ultraviolet and FTIR spectroscopy. Soft rot bacteria were isolated and identified using selective and specific culture media from carrots, potatoes and onions. A pathogenic isolate from each sample with the highest pathogenicity was selected for the tests and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated against the experimental treatments. The MIC of the pathogen isolates against the 2580 mg/ml of silver nanoparticles and 1000 ppm of mancoseb were 88.88% and 100%, respectively. The mean percentage of vegetable contamination with pathogen isolate in the presence of silver nanoparticles in the third month of storage was 70%, 80% and 70% for onions, potatoes and carrots, respectively, and average percentage of vegetable contamination with pathogenic isolates in the combined control of bacteria with silver nanoparticles and mancoseb toxin at the third month of storage for onion, potato and carrot were 45, 40 and 40%, respectively. According to obtained results, the combined control of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles and Mancoseb can be used to control of soft rot bacteria in carrot, potato and onion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - The Survey of anticancer and anti Microbial properties of Rosmarinus officinalis L, Peganum harmala L and Coffee Extracts on cell viability of Cancer cells and Pathogenic Bacteria in Foods
Ali Sharifzadeh faranak aali sayeh vahhabiDespite significant advances in radiation therapy and cancer treatments in the past 30 years, resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle in the recovery of patients with cancer. Resistance to chemotherapy drugs inhibits the recovery process. This study aims to evalu MoreDespite significant advances in radiation therapy and cancer treatments in the past 30 years, resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle in the recovery of patients with cancer. Resistance to chemotherapy drugs inhibits the recovery process. This study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of the hydroalcolic extracts of Rosemary, Peganum and Coffee on growth inhibition of MCF-7 cell line and determine the rate of growth inhibition of pathogenic bacteria isolated from food.We examined cytotoxicity effects of three different concentrations (60,120,250 μg/ml) of Rosemary, Peganum and Coffee extracts on MCF-7and HDF cell lines. . The standard MTT assay was performed to estimate cell viability after treatment by Rosemary, Peganum and Coffee extracts. The extracts were also used with MIC on Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli bacteria isolated from food.The results of the MTT assay showed that the Rosemary, Peganum and Coffee extracts had time-and concentration-dependent anticancer activities on the MCF-7cell line compared to HDF cells statistically significant (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Bacterial biosurfactants: A review of the biological, technological, and application aspects of Phosphatidylcholine
Mahsa Noktehsanj Monir-sadat ShakeriBiosurfactants and bioemulsifiers are active surface compounds that significantly reduce the surface tensions in very small amounts. Generally, microorganisms synthesize wide ranges of biosurfactants. These compounds are classified based on molecular weight, physicochem MoreBiosurfactants and bioemulsifiers are active surface compounds that significantly reduce the surface tensions in very small amounts. Generally, microorganisms synthesize wide ranges of biosurfactants. These compounds are classified based on molecular weight, physicochemical properties and mode of action. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), one of the major components of commercial lecithin, is the most important membrane phospholipid in eukaryotes which can be synthesized by two pathways, the methylation and/or the CDP-choline pathways. Many prokaryotes lack PC, but in the membranes of some bacteria, significant amounts of this material are found. Due to the high importance of lecithin in the food and medicine industry, studies on the ingredients of lecithin such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine are matter of interests. Recognition of the biosynthesis pathways of phosphatidylcholine compounds, especially in the bacteria for optimal production of these microbial metabolites is a matter of great importance. In this study, the structure, biochemical function and biosynthesis pathways of biosurfactants are investigated in bacteria, the production technology and their important applications are also described. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - A study of antimicrobial effects of alcoholic extract and essential oil of caraway (Bunium persicum Boiss) on selected species of bacteria and molds in lactic cheese
Mohammad reza Ali mohammad zadeh Mohammad ali Ali doust Jalil KhandaghiThe detrimental effects of chemical preservatives and the tendency of consumers to use foods without preservatives or with natural preservatives have increased the use of natural antimicrobial compounds, including plant essential oils and extracts in food industries. Co MoreThe detrimental effects of chemical preservatives and the tendency of consumers to use foods without preservatives or with natural preservatives have increased the use of natural antimicrobial compounds, including plant essential oils and extracts in food industries. Considering the numerous antimicrobial properties of Caraway (Bunium persicum Boiss) and the assumption that its use in lactic cheese increases the shelf life of a product with an acceptable aroma and flavor, in this study the effects of essential oil and alcoholic extract of Caraway on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger as well as total counts of mold and yeast were evaluated. Also, its effect on total counts of LABs and sensory properties of cheese was studied. Results showed that this plant was able to delay microbial growth. Caraway showed a more inhibitory effect on the studied microbes in lactic cheese and the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was higher than the extract so that at the end of storage samples containing 1% essential oil had the lowest count of the target microbes. Comparison of the effect of essential oil and extract on the growth of the studied microbes showed that the Caraway had more effect on the growth control of Aspergillus flavus and Escherichia coli O157in lactic cheese. In the case of lactic acid bacteria, as the shelf life increased, the number of bacteria decreased in the cheese, and decreasing was greater in the control samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Investigation of structural and antimicrobial properties of copper oxide nanoparticles produced using Iranian violet extract
Ali Davari Vahid Hakimzadeh Elham Mahdian mostsfa shahidiThe bio-production method has been respected due to the lack of energy consumption and environmental compatibility. In this study, the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles from the extract of Iranian violent flower and its anti-bacterial properties compared to MoreThe bio-production method has been respected due to the lack of energy consumption and environmental compatibility. In this study, the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles from the extract of Iranian violent flower and its anti-bacterial properties compared to two common antibiotics was investigated. First, aqueous extract of Iranian violent flower prepared and admixed with CuO solution at a concentration of 1 mM. After changing the color of extract, the reaction product was examined by spectrophotometric and X-ray diffraction. Finally, antibacterial properties of synthesized nanoparticles were investigated using disk diffusion method. Also, the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration of growth and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) were determined by two methods of micro dilution and dilution in the tube. The synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles showed the most absorbance at 266 nm and had a spherical shape with an average size of 50-80 nm. The results of the antibacterial studies showed that the synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles had more antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli. The extract of Iranian violent flower has the ability of reducing CuO ion to copper oxide nanoparticles. Also, synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles have good antibacterial activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Study the antimicrobial effects of ethanolic extract of Thymus vulgaris on foodborne bacteria in vitro
Meysam Alimoradi Mehrdad Ataie Kachoie Fariborz MoattarThymus vulgaris is a plant of family Lamiaceae that has high antimicrobial properties. The present study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of the ethanolic extract of Thymus vulgaris on food-borne bacteria. Aerial part of Thymus vulgaris was used to pr MoreThymus vulgaris is a plant of family Lamiaceae that has high antimicrobial properties. The present study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of the ethanolic extract of Thymus vulgaris on food-borne bacteria. Aerial part of Thymus vulgaris was used to prepare methanolic extract. The diameter of the growth inhibition zone of bacteria was assessed using disk diffusion. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bacterial Concentration (MBC) of ethanolic extract of Thymus vulgaris were evaluated on the target bacteria using ELISA plate. The diameter of the growth inhibition zone of bacteria against the ethanolic extract of Thymus vulgaris ranged from 7.87±0.61 to 16.99±0.37 mm. Application of 50 mg/ml concentration of ethanolic extract of Thymus vulgaris caused the highest diameter of the growth inhibition zone of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.38±0.43 mm), Escherichia coli (12.00±0.35 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (16.33±0.69 mm) and Listeria monocytogenes (16.99±0.37 mm). The antimicrobial effects of ethanolic extract of Thymus vulgaris were dose-dependent (P <0.05). The diameter of growth inhibition zone of 50 mg/ml of ethanolic extract of Thymus vulgaris on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes was higher than all antibiotics (P <0.05). The lowest MIC and MBC values were obtained for Staphylococcus aureus (4 and 6 mg/ml, respectively) and Listeria monocytogenes (4 and 6 mg/ml, respectively). Thymus vulgaris ethanolic extract can be used as a combination with antimicrobial properties in food. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Extraction of propolis extract and evaluation of its physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties as a natural preservative in food
Roghayeh Hatami Hoda Jafarizadeh Malmiri Afshin Javadi Navedeh AnarjanThe purpose of this research is extracting propolis using the methods of soaking in 20% and 70% ethanol and the effect of ultrasound in 20% ethanol, and evaluating its physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties as a natural preservative used in the food i MoreThe purpose of this research is extracting propolis using the methods of soaking in 20% and 70% ethanol and the effect of ultrasound in 20% ethanol, and evaluating its physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties as a natural preservative used in the food industry. The physicochemical properties, the amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracts were measured. The results showed that most of the number of phenolic compounds (94.19 mg/g), flavonoid (89.46 mg/g) and antioxidant property by DPPH method (92.63%) in ultrasonic extracts. And the lowest number of phenolic compounds (87.85 mg/g), flavonoid (82.20 mg/g) and antioxidant property (85.87%) are in the method of soaking in 20% ethanol. Also, the results of the investigation of the antimicrobial property by the diffusion ability method from the well showed that the most sensitive bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus (20 mm) in front of the ultrasonic extract. Regarding the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, there was no significant difference between the extracts (p<0.05) and none of the extracts had antibacterial power against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The highest ability of Candida albicans (36 mm) was with ultrasonic extract, and in the investigation of the growth of Aspergillus niger after spraying for 8 days, the lowest growth rate was obtained with ultrasonic extract (9 mm) and then 70% ethanol extract (10 mm). Based on this, the amount of phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds was 70% more than the 20% ethanol extract, and in the ultrasound, method based on Hurdel technology, a large number of active compounds were found in the 20% ethanol solvent in a short period of time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - A review of the use of cyanobacteria in increasing effects of prebiotic and probiotic on food
Seyed Amir Ali Anvar Bahareh NowruziProbiotics have been a good and healthy food source for humans for centuries. In the meantime, microalgae are always considered useful dietary supplements. The combination of microalgae and probiotics leads to the production of fermented dairy products that not only inc MoreProbiotics have been a good and healthy food source for humans for centuries. In the meantime, microalgae are always considered useful dietary supplements. The combination of microalgae and probiotics leads to the production of fermented dairy products that not only increase the quality of food but also increase their nutritional value for consumers by increasing the number and shelf life of probiotic bacteria. In fact, as the number of live probiotics in the diet increases, consumers will receive more probiotics at the time of consumption. In this review article, we tried to investigate the effect of probiotics and prebiotics on the use of microalgae supplements on various fermented dairy products. In addition, by reviewing the latest available articles, the effect of using microalgae supplements on the physiological, chemical and microbiological properties and sensory of dairy products were examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Study of composition and antimicrobial effects of Thymus carmanicus, Zataria multiflora, Rosmarinus Officinalis and Cinnamomum verum essential oils on Aeromonas hydrophila
Manouchehr Momeni shahraki Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori Mehdi Raissy Mahsa Ansari Fatemeh Heidarinezhad Chaharmahali Farhang TirgirAeromonas hydrophila is an important pathogenic agent in aquatics and zoonotic in humans. This pathogenic agent can extensively be found in water and also is a part of fishes' digestive system microflora. Extensive researches have been carried out on the antimicrobial e MoreAeromonas hydrophila is an important pathogenic agent in aquatics and zoonotic in humans. This pathogenic agent can extensively be found in water and also is a part of fishes' digestive system microflora. Extensive researches have been carried out on the antimicrobial effects of natural compounds against food-borne pathogens, indicating that these products can substitute antibiotics. Essential oils of Thymus carmanicus, Zataria multiflora, Cinnamomum verum, Rosmarinus officinalis have antimicrobial effects due to their phenolic compounds. In this study, the bioactive compounds were detected using Gas Chromatography equipped with the mass spectrometer. Then minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the essential oils against A. hydrophila were calculated. According to the results, the lowest and the highest MIC and the minimum MBC were observed in T. carmanicus and Z. multiflora, respectively. The result indicated that the inhibition zone diameter increased with the increase of essential oil concentration. The inhibition zone, in the concentration of 1500 ug mL-1 T. carmanicus was 24.33±0.57 mm. The findings of this study showed the antimicrobial resistance of these compounds. Considering the increasing limitations against chemicals and antibiotics, such compounds could be recommended for prevention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Antimicrobial effects of chemical compounds medical smoke from Teucrium polium on Fluorescence microorganisms under laboratory conditions
Farhang Tirgir Pardis Naderi dehkordi Fateme Malakpoor Ali Kazemi babaheidariUsing from medicinal smokes has been customary in treatment of many diseases by bacteria in Iran and especially ChaharmahalVaBakhtiari province. The aim of this investigation was to study the antimicrobial effects of medicinal smoke of the Teucrium polium on food-born MoreUsing from medicinal smokes has been customary in treatment of many diseases by bacteria in Iran and especially ChaharmahalVaBakhtiari province. The aim of this investigation was to study the antimicrobial effects of medicinal smoke of the Teucrium polium on food-borne bacteria in vitro condition. Components from an indirect heating of Teucrium polium were extracted in the form of two organic liquid phases of 1 and 2. Plant extract was also extracted using the ethanol solvent. Then, the antimicrobial effects of two organic phases were analyzed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacteria concentration (MBC) were determined using the tube dilution method. Statistically significant difference (P <0.05) was seen between the antimicrobial effects of the organic phases of smoke and extract of the Teucrium polium on tested bacteria. Organic phase 1 of smoke at concentration of 2000 ppm had the highest diameter of the growth inhibition zone on tested bacteria. Tested organic phases had the highest antimicrobial effects on the Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial effects of the organic phases on Gram-positive bacteria were higher than Gram-negative. According to the cheap, low cost, high efficiency and safety of the procedure of the smoke production from the Teucrium polium plant and also its higher antimicrobial effects than extraction, using from organic ophase 1 from the smoke condensate of the Teucrium polium plant is recommended to elimination of harmful bacteria and the cause of corruption in food products as well as increasing their shelf-life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - Evaluation of the effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essence on food infectious microorganisms
Nazanin Khakipour Fatemeh HaghshenasThe aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of lemongrass essence (Cymbopogon citratus) against pathogenic bacteria. For this purpose, the antimicrobial activity of the essence was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum b MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of lemongrass essence (Cymbopogon citratus) against pathogenic bacteria. For this purpose, the antimicrobial activity of the essence was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against five pathogenic bacteria and food contamination factors such as gram- positive bacteria such as Bacillus cereus and Clostridium botulinum and gram- negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella. The results showed that the highest MIC and MBC were observed against Shigella Gram-negative bacteria (MIC 566.66 ppm, MBC: 658.33). The lowest MIC and MBC values were observed against Clostridium botulinum (MIC 258.33 ppm, MBC: 408.08). Antibacterial activity of different concentrations (100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm) of the essence was also determined by the diameter of the inhibition zone and compared with the antibiotic tetracycline. The diameter of the growth inhibition zone of different concentrations of Bacillus cereus essence is 10.29- 24.83 mm, Clostridium botulinum is 9.65- 28.72 mm, Escherichia coli is 8.25- 19.58 mm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6.41- 18.15 mm and 5.41- 16.41 mm respectively. In total, concentrations of 750 and 1000 ppm had the highest antimicrobial activity compared to antibiotic tetracycline. Based on the results of this study, lemongrass essence has an acceptable antimicrobial effect and can be used as an alternative to common antimicrobial compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of macroemulsion and nanoemulsion of Salvia chorassanica essential oil against pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms
azam mehraban Mohsen Vazifedoost zohreh didar Mohammad Hossein Haddadkhodaparast Masoumeh Mehraban Sang AtashIn this study, the GC-MS method identified chemical compounds of Salvia chorasanica essential oil. Then, a nanoemulsions of essential oil was prepared by ultrasound method, and DLS evaluated the stability of its particle size during two weeks of storage at room temperat MoreIn this study, the GC-MS method identified chemical compounds of Salvia chorasanica essential oil. Then, a nanoemulsions of essential oil was prepared by ultrasound method, and DLS evaluated the stability of its particle size during two weeks of storage at room temperature. The microdilution method investigated the antimicrobial activity of macroemulsion and nanoemulsion of S. chorasanica essential oil against six pathogenic bacteria and three food spoilage molds. The results showed that the essential oil had 20 different chemical compositions. The particle size of the nanoemulsion increased from 91.83 to 193.61 nm during two weeks. The nanoemulsion form of the essential oil had a higher antimicrobial effect than its macroemulsion against all the studied microorganisms. Also, the antimicrobial activity of macroemulsion and nanoemulsion of essential oil on gram-positive bacteria was more than on gram-negative. Among the pathogenic bacteria, the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus cereus indicated the highest sensitivity to the nanoemulsion of essential oil and had the lowest MIC, 3.125 µl/ml. In addition, MIC and MFC of essential oil nanoemulsion against all three molds were determined to be 6.25 µl/ml and 12.5 µl/ml, respectively. Thus, a lower effective concentration of essential oil in the form of nanoemulsion will be required to control food microorganisms and prevent the effects of high concentrations of essential oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - Investigating the antimicrobial effects of lemongrass and lavender extracts and essential oils with antibiotics on some food bacteria
Mehrdad Ataie Kachouei Elham Fakhri fatemeh khodaverdipourIn recent years, the increase in drug resistance against bacteria and the increased dosage of common drugs and antibiotics, as well as the side effects caused by these drugs, have brought natural factors such as medicinal plants with fewer side effects, which have recei MoreIn recent years, the increase in drug resistance against bacteria and the increased dosage of common drugs and antibiotics, as well as the side effects caused by these drugs, have brought natural factors such as medicinal plants with fewer side effects, which have received more attention. increase. For this reason, in this study, we prepared alcoholic extracts and essential oils from lemongrass and lavender plants and then serially diluted them to obtain the minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Shigella Flexnerl, Salmonella typhimuriom, Esherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were prepared. Zones of inhibition of bacterial growth were also measured and compared using the disc diffusion method. The results obtained showed that the halo diameter of the essential oil was larger than that of the extract, indicating a higher susceptibility of the sample to the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The amount of MIC and MBC in essential oil and extract, respectively, against each of the four bacteria tested was measured by microdilution method, which showed that the concentration of MIC and MBC in essential oil was lower than in extract. Analysis of compounds in each essential oil and extract was performed using a GC-MS device, essential oils contain more compounds than extracts and therefore have more antibiotic properties. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate that lemongrass and lavender essences and extracts have antibacterial effects. Therefore, they can be used as natural plant products to combat bacterial infections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Melissa officinalis essential oil on foodborne bacteria
Salman Heidarian Mehrdad Ataie Kachoie Sadegh Mousavi-Fard Fariborz MoattarMelissa officinalis is a medicinal plant with high antimicrobial properties. The present study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Melissa officinalis essential oil on food-borne bacteria. Melissa officinalis aerial parts were prepared and after appro MoreMelissa officinalis is a medicinal plant with high antimicrobial properties. The present study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Melissa officinalis essential oil on food-borne bacteria. Melissa officinalis aerial parts were prepared and after approval by experts used to prepare essential oils. The diameter of the growth inhibition zone of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was assessed using disk diffusion and compared with antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) of Melissa officinalis essential oil were evaluated on the target bacteria. Citronellal (14.4%) and Caryophyllene oxide (11%) were the most important compounds identified in Melissa officinalis essential oil. The diameter of the growth inhibition zone of the bacteria against Melissa officinalis essential oil ranged from 3.93±0.42 to 15.23±1.17 mm. Application of 4 mg/ml concentration of Melissa officinalis essential oil caused the largest diameter of the growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus (14.70±0.27 mm), Escherichia coli (10.33±0.29 mm) and Salmonella typhimurium (10.18±0.52 mm). The antimicrobial effects of Melissa officinalis essential oil were dose-dependent (P <0.05). The lowest and highest levels of MIC and MBC of Melissa officinalis essential oil were obtained for Staphylococcus aureus (1.25 and 2.5, respectively) and Salmonella typhimurium (10 and 20, respectively). The diameter of the growth inhibition zone of bacteria treated with Melissa officinalis essential oil was higher than that of many antibiotics, but lower than that of vancomycin. Melissa officinalis essential oil can be used as a substance with antimicrobial properties, especially in food films. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - Evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Apium petroseli-num essential oil on food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria
Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori Mahmoud Rafieian-kopaei Ali Sharafati Chaleshtori Elham SalehiIn this study, the total phenols and antioxidant activities of Apium petroselinum essential oil (APEO) were determined and its antibacterial effects on seven food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria studied in vitro. Having extracted the essential oil, the total pheno MoreIn this study, the total phenols and antioxidant activities of Apium petroselinum essential oil (APEO) were determined and its antibacterial effects on seven food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria studied in vitro. Having extracted the essential oil, the total phenols were determined colorimetrically and the antioxidant activities evaluated by bleaching of β-Carotene. Its antibacterial effects in the form of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by Micro Dilution method against Alcaligenes faecalis, Providensia rettgeri, Serratia marcesens, Klebsiella oxitoka, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae and Listeria monocytogenes. The results revealed that the amount of total phenols was 8.18±0.45 mg/g equivalent with Gallic acid and the antioxidant activities were 45±1.52 %. In addition, the APEO had antimicrobial effects on the above bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was between 1.562 and 12.5 and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was between 3.125 and 25 mg/ml. Therefore, APEO, because of having phenolic contents, enjoys antioxidant activities and antibacterial effects recommending as a suitable preservative in food industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Apium petroselinum essential oil on food spoilage and pathogenic
Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori Mahmoud Rafieian Kopaei Ali Sharafati Chaleshtori Elham Salehi Abstract In this study, the total phenols and antioxidant activities of Apium petroselinum essential oil (APEO) were determined and it's antibacterial effects on seven food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria was in vitro studied. Having extracted the essential oil More Abstract In this study, the total phenols and antioxidant activities of Apium petroselinum essential oil (APEO) were determined and it's antibacterial effects on seven food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria was in vitro studied. Having extracted the essential oil, the total phenols were determined colorimetrically and the antioxidant activities evaluated by bleaching of β-Carotene. Its antibacterial effects in the form of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by Micro Dilution method against Alcaligenes faecalis, Providensia rettgeri, Serratia marcesens, Klebsiella oxitoka, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae and Listeria monocytogenes. The results revealed that the amount of total phenols was 8.18±0.45 mg/g equivalent with Gallic acid and the antioxidant activities were 45±1.52 %. In addition, the APEO had antimicrobial effects on the above bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was between 1.562 and 12.5 and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was between 3.125 and 25 mg/ml. Therefore, APEO, because of having phenolic contents, enjoys antioxidant activities and antibacterial effects recommending as a suitable preservative in food industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - Study of microbial contamination in traditional ice cream (Case study: City of Urmia)
Nahid Navidjoy Sima KarimzadehSadegh Anahita Dehghani Farshad BahramiAslAbstract Regarding that, the production of unpasteurized ice cream entitled to traditional ice cream is very common in our country and, on the other hand, the consumption of this product among different age groups especially children in warm seasons is high MoreAbstract Regarding that, the production of unpasteurized ice cream entitled to traditional ice cream is very common in our country and, on the other hand, the consumption of this product among different age groups especially children in warm seasons is high, Thus, the pollution of this product to pathogenic microorganisms could be the reason for food poisoning and infections in consumer. In this research, samples of traditional ice cream were collected from four regions of Urmia City (10 samples from each region) and transferred with in compliance with the standard condition for microbial testing to laboratory. The examination was conducted based on standard laboratory methods and the results were analyzed. The results showed that, in the mesophilic bacteria count 80% of samples in the entrobacteria count 92.5% of samples were more than the standard rate. And in this case, the Escherichia coli bacteria 47.5%, Staphylococcus 45% and Salmonella 40% was isolated from others. According to the results, using healthy and pasteurized milk in making ice cream, creating good condition for transit, and keeping milk, training for producers of ice cream to observance of personal hygiene in all steps of manufacturing and distribution of ice cream is essential and recommended Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - Microbial evaluation of herbal waters distributed in Kashan 2012
Navid Mazroi Arani Reza Sharafati ChaleshtoriAbstract In Iran, herbal waters are as traditional medicinal products and are widespreadly consumed. Therefore, microbial quality of these products in terms of public health is important. The aim of this study was evaluation of microbial quality of Herbal waters distrib MoreAbstract In Iran, herbal waters are as traditional medicinal products and are widespreadly consumed. Therefore, microbial quality of these products in terms of public health is important. The aim of this study was evaluation of microbial quality of Herbal waters distributed in Kashan 2012. In this descriptive study, the number of 132 herbal waters samples (27 traditional samples and 105 industrial samples) distributed in Kashan during 2012 year were purchased and transferred to laboratory. Then microbial tests such as total aerobic bacterial count, mold and yeast count, total coliforms, detection of enterococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and sulphite reducing clostridia were evaluated based on national standard of Iran. The results showed that any one samples not contaminated to coliforms, E. coli and Sulphite reducing clostridia. 51.52% and 11.6% of samples were demonstrated total mesophilic bacteria and yeast counts more than the standard, respectively. Also, based on national standard of Iran, 57 industrial herbal waters samples (54.29%) and 4 traditional herbal waters samples were usable. Based on obtained results and contamination of some of these products to mold and yeast as well as high count of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, pasteurization, good packaging material and good hygiene in processing procedure is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - Evaluation of antibacterial effects of Onions, methanol extracts and some antibiotics against the number of food born bacteria
yones Anzabi Afshin javadiIn this study, antibacterial effects of methanol extracts of red Onions with the scientific name; Allium cepa L.by the method of determining of MIC and MBC andthen perform antibiotic susceptibility test by the agar disk diffusion method onthe standard strains of some ba MoreIn this study, antibacterial effects of methanol extracts of red Onions with the scientific name; Allium cepa L.by the method of determining of MIC and MBC andthen perform antibiotic susceptibility test by the agar disk diffusion method onthe standard strains of some bacteria in terms of food hygiene and were compared with the effects of some antibiotics.Results showed that the highest inhibitory effect was on Yersinia enterocolitica and Clostridium perfrigenes (MIC=62.5µg/mL) and the lowest same effect was on Staphylococcos aureus(MIC=500µg/mL).As well as the most bactericidal effect was on Yersinia enterocolitica (MBC=62.5µg/mL) and the lowest same effect was on Staphylococcos aureus (MBC=1000µg/mL).Also the results ofantibiogram tests indicated that the onions, methanol extracts have optimum antibacterial effect to the effects of the Vancomycin and Nalidixic acid as standard antibiotics and the greatest impact of this terms submitted on Clostridium perfrigenes(gram-positive bacteria) and Yersinia enterocolitica(gram-negative bacteria) thatstatistically; in the range of p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - فعالیت ضد باکتریایی گیاهان دارویی نیجریه به عنوان دارو برای مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی: یک بررسی سیستماتیک
آدام مصطفی اوبی چیدیبر فاسوگبون ویکتور مشلیا باتا نوحو تانکو مایکل یاکوبو زنوح علی آلگب دیویدBackground & Aim: Antibiotic resistance is one of the global public health threats facing modern health care system. The development of new effective agents has been challenging. Thus, the interest in the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial infect MoreBackground & Aim: Antibiotic resistance is one of the global public health threats facing modern health care system. The development of new effective agents has been challenging. Thus, the interest in the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial infections has increased. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review Nigerian medicinal plants with antibacterial activity.Experimental: This study retrieved data from published articles on Nigerian medicinal plants with antibacterial activity. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were adopted. A systematic search of PUBMED CENTRAL was conducted. The included studies were those published in peer-reviewed English language journals between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2020 and reported on the key terms; Nigerian medicinal plants with antibacterial activity. Results: The database searches yielded a total of 817 results, and 765 articles were ineligible. After reviewing relevant titles and abstracts, a total of 52 articles on antibacterial were retrieved for full text review. After extensive review of each article, 13 articles were excluded and a total of 39 articles were retained. Furthermore, 4 articles were also removed due to lack of specific compounds stated. Finally, only 35 articles met the inclusion criteria for the assessment of antibacterial activity of Nigerian medicinal plants. The narrative synthesis of the included studies revealed different plants families with broad activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Among the bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was tested more, followed by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the bacteria were subjected to 97 medicinal plants species for antibacterial activity.Recommended applications/industries: The results from this study reveal that many Nigerian medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds with potentials of antibacterial activity and suggest that they could be employed as alternative in the treatment of bacterial infections after safety profiles is appraised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - فعالیت ضد باکتریایی عصاره الکلی چای کوهی بر علیه پاتوژن های باکتریایی
زیبا فولادوند بهمن فاضلی نسبمقدمه و هدف: علاقه به گیاه درمانی و داروهای گیاهی با توجه به ذهنیت موجود در حال رشد است.گیاه Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl subsp lavandulifolia (چای کوهی) از خانواده (Lamiaceae) که در زاگرس ایران یافت و به طور گسترده ای در جنوب منطقه آناتولی ترکیه به عنوان چای گیاهی Moreمقدمه و هدف: علاقه به گیاه درمانی و داروهای گیاهی با توجه به ذهنیت موجود در حال رشد است.گیاه Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl subsp lavandulifolia (چای کوهی) از خانواده (Lamiaceae) که در زاگرس ایران یافت و به طور گسترده ای در جنوب منطقه آناتولی ترکیه به عنوان چای گیاهی استفاده می شود. این گیاه برای درمان مشکلا ت دستگاه گوارش و تنفسی کاربرد دارد. مطالعه حاضر به منظور تعیین فعالیت ضد میکروبی و حداقل غلظت مهاری (MIC) عصاره الکلی چای کوهی در برابر هشت نوع باکتری­ بیماری­زای انسان انجام شده است. روش تحقیق:در این مطالعه تلاش برای تعیین فعالیت ضد باکتریایی و حداقل غلظت بازدارنده(MIC)عصاره الکلی عصاره چای کوهی بر ضد باکتریهای بیماریزای انسانی است. اثر ضد باکتریایی عصاره های الکلی چای کوهی با استفاده از روش deep-well broth microdilution بر روی سویه­های تجاری باکتری­های در دسترس، انجام شده است. نتایج و بحث:نتایج نشان داده است که سطح حداقل غلظت مهاری برای هشت گونه مختلف باکتری استفاده شده بین 25 تا 100 ppm عصاره الکلی چای کوهی است. کمترین مقدار حداقل غلظت مهارکنندگی در برابر P. mirabilis و E. faecalis مشاهده شد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: این نشان می دهد که عصاره استخراج شده از چای کوهی ممکن است یک رویکرد امیدوار کننده برای توسعه داروهای ضد باکتریایی جدید. Manuscript profile -
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333 - مقایسه تاثیر آنتی باکتریال عصاره های Schrophularia striata Boiss و Stachys schtschegleevii Sosn روی پاتوژن های جدا شده از عفونت های دستگاه ادراری
سمیه اعظمی بیژن فهیمی مهدی باقری شبنم محسن زادهBackground & Aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of Schrophularia striata Boiss. andStachys schtschegleevii Sosn. Extracts against seven clinical isolates. The test isolates were Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus MoreBackground & Aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of Schrophularia striata Boiss. andStachys schtschegleevii Sosn. Extracts against seven clinical isolates. The test isolates were Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter dissolvens. E. coli (ATCC 25922) and S.aureus (ATCC 29213) were used as quality control strains. Experimental: Clinical isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods.The methanol extracts from the aerial parts of these plants were assessed using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Considering the wide application of ciprofloxacin in treatment of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), susceptibility test was performed towards antibiotic. Results & Discussion: The methanol extracts of Schrophularia striata and Stachys schtschegleevii exhibit both high bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities. The Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentration (MIC and MBC) values of Schrophularia striata extract ranged between 0.39-12.5 mg/ml and 0.78-25 mg/ml, respectively. The extract of Stachys schtschegleevii was effective in MIC and MBC ranges of 1.56-12.5 mg/ml and 3.12-50 mg/ml, respectively. On comparing the efficiency of the two extracts, Stachys schtschegleevii extract exhibited the highest activity against gram-negative bacteria, whereas, the extract of Schrophularia striata inhibited the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus spp. Industrial and practical recommendations: On considering antibacterial activity of both the extracts, these herbal extracts may treat urinary tract infections caused by some of the test isolates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - فیتوشیمی و خاصیت ضدباکتریایی عصاره دانه ی محلب سیاه (Monechma ciliatum)
اوشی م.ا.م عبدالکریم ا.م التوهامی م.شمقدمه و هدف: هدف از مطالعه حاضر تعیین اثرات بازداندگی دانه های پودر شده محلب سیاه به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی سنتی آفریقا که جهت درمان ناراحتی های تنفسی، آلرژی و سرماخوردگی استفاده می شده است. روش تحقیق: انواع عصاره­های دانه محلب سیاه که با روش ها و حلال های مختلف استخر Moreمقدمه و هدف: هدف از مطالعه حاضر تعیین اثرات بازداندگی دانه های پودر شده محلب سیاه به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی سنتی آفریقا که جهت درمان ناراحتی های تنفسی، آلرژی و سرماخوردگی استفاده می شده است. روش تحقیق: انواع عصاره­های دانه محلب سیاه که با روش ها و حلال های مختلف استخراج شدند در شرایط آزمایشگاهی علیه رشد باکتری­ها و قارچ­ها عامل عفونت های تنفسی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج و بحث: باکتری کلبسلیا پنومانیا حساسیت زیادی به عصاره هیدروالکلی محلب به دست آمده به روش خیساندن یا ماسراسیون به نبست 70 درصد اتانول و 30 درصد آب و عصاره آبی از خود نشان داد. استافیلوکوکوس آرئوس حساسیت متوسطی به عصاره هیدروالکلی محلب به دست آمده به روش خیساندن یا ماسراسیون به نبست 70 درصد اتانول و 30 درصد آب داشت. پزودوموناس آئروژننوزا به تمامی عصاره از خود مقاومت نشان داد. در کل تمامی قارچ­ها به عصاره­های گیاه مورد بررسی از خود مقاومت نشان دادند. مهمترین ترکیبات فیتوشیمی شناسایی شده در عصاره بذر محلب شامل تری ترپن ها، تانن، فلاونوئید و آنتراکوئینون­ها بودند. نتایج آزمایش تا حدودی استفاده سنتی از گیاهان را برای درمان عفونت­های تنفسی تایید می­کند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: عصاره­های حاصل از دانه محلب سیاه می­تواند برای پیشگیری و درمان بیماری­های ناشی از عفونت­های تنفسی بر اثر دو باکتری کلبسلیا پنومانیا و استافیلوکوکوس آرئوس مفید باشد. Manuscript profile -
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335 - پتانسیل درمانی داروی گیاهی Gbogbonise Epa ijebu در موش های صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار آلوده به سالمونلا انتریکا سرووار تیفی
سیی انیتان مایکل دادا اولوافمی اوگونتی بیجو امانوئل ایلئوما ساراتو آجیک ویکتور آدروگباBackground & Aim: Commercially sold herbal remedies are fast gaining recognition among the Nigerian populace for the treatment of various ailments. The aim of this study was to assess the curative potential of Gbogbonise Epa Ijebu herbal remedy in male Wistar rats i MoreBackground & Aim: Commercially sold herbal remedies are fast gaining recognition among the Nigerian populace for the treatment of various ailments. The aim of this study was to assess the curative potential of Gbogbonise Epa Ijebu herbal remedy in male Wistar rats infected with Salmonella enteric serovar typhi (S.typhi).Experimental: A total of 60 male Wistar rats weighing 150+50 g (mean+SD) were randomly assigned into 10 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were infected with one ml of S. typhi suspension with a concentration of 106 CFU/mL in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Group 4, 5 and 6 which served as the Zero control, undiluted herbal control and diluted herbal control, respectively. Group 7 and were 8 were treated with 500 mg/Kg/bid and 250 mg/kg/bid herbal remedy, respectively, while group 9 and 10 were treated with equal volume of Ciprofloxacin and herbal remedy, 500 mg/kg/bid and 250 mg/kg/bid, respectively, orally twice daily for 7days. Bacterial loads in rectal swab, intestine and gall bladder, as well as the anti-S.typhi O and H serum antibodies of the test and control rats were evaluated at pre-infection, post-infection and post-treatment phases using standard microbiological and serological methods.Results: The outcome of this study showed that the administration of the herbal remedy (500 mg/Kg/bid) resulted in a significant reduction (P<0.001) in the rectal (1.8±04 Log CFU/mL), intestinal (4.25±0.05 Log CFU/Intestine) and gall-bladder (1.85±0.25 Log CFU/Gall-Bladder) bacterial load, as well as the anti-S. typhi O (93.3±22.3) and H (93.3±22.3) serum antibodies level of the test groups compared to the infection control (3.8±0.20 Log CFU/mL, 8.3±0.10 Log CFU/Intestine, 4.3±0.06 Log CFU/Gall-Bladder and 173.3±32.1, respectively).Recommended applications/industries: The outcome of this study further underscores the curative potential of the herbal remedy as claimed by the manufacturers and vendors. Manuscript profile -
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336 - پتانسیل ضد میکروبی و آنتی اکسیدانی کشت کالوس Convolvulus microphyllus Sieb
بوسکی پانچولی ام گوتامBackground & Aim: Convolvulus microphyllus Sieb. ex Spreng. (Family: Convolvulaceae) known as “Shankhpushpi” is reported to be brain tonic and useful in CNS disorder, hypertension, thyrotoxicosis and ulcer. Tissue culture technique has been optimized for MoreBackground & Aim: Convolvulus microphyllus Sieb. ex Spreng. (Family: Convolvulaceae) known as “Shankhpushpi” is reported to be brain tonic and useful in CNS disorder, hypertension, thyrotoxicosis and ulcer. Tissue culture technique has been optimized for the large scale production of medicinally important plant independent from climatic and geographic conditions. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were performed and compared with in vivo. Active compounds with biological activities were isolated, identified from the callus extracts. These biological constituents can be propagated in large amount with low cost use tissue culture techniques. Experimental: Cell cultures of C. microphyllus have been established using Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D). Callus was harvested at different time intervals of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks and their antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials along with the isolation of active compounds isolation were carried out using established protocols.Results: Ethanolic extracts of 2 weeks-old callus demonstrated appreciable antifungal activity against Penicillium chrysogenum and Tricophyton rubrum (inhibition zone of 14.66 ± 0.66 and 14.00 ± 0.57 mm respectively) while maximum antibacterial activity was recorded in 6 and 4 weeks-old callus against Klebsiella pneumoniae (Inhibition zone of 14.66 ± 0.61 mm and 14.33 ± 0.59 mm respectively). Antioxidant potentials were more in plant extract (IC50 0.055 mg/ml and 510 ± 20.02 ascorbic acid equivalents) as compared to callus. Phenolic acids viz., caffeic-, p- coumaric-, ferulic-, gallic-, vanillic- and syringic acids were isolated and screened for antimicrobial efficacy.Recommended applications/industries: The callus extract shows similar results as that of In vivo plant. Two week old callus exhibit most profound antifungal and 4 to 6 week for antimicrobial activities. Callus extract shows similar bio-potentials and secondary metabolites level, so it can be used for large scale production of biologically active phytochemicals with antimicrobial properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - ارزیابی فعالیت ضدباکتریایی عصاره بخش های مختلف گیاه رازیانه
آذین غفاری زاده سید منصور سیدنژاد حسین معتمدی فاطمه شهبازیمقدمه و هدف: رازیانه یک گیاه دارویی و آروماتیک است. آزمایشهای مختلف پزشکی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و در شرایط زنده به طور متقاعدکنندهای توانایی ضد قارچی ، ضد باکتریایی، آنتی اکسیدانی، ضدترومبوز و فعالیت محافظتی در کبد را نشان داده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد باک Moreمقدمه و هدف: رازیانه یک گیاه دارویی و آروماتیک است. آزمایشهای مختلف پزشکی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و در شرایط زنده به طور متقاعدکنندهای توانایی ضد قارچی ، ضد باکتریایی، آنتی اکسیدانی، ضدترومبوز و فعالیت محافظتی در کبد را نشان داده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد باکتریایی عصاره های رازیانه بر روی باکتریهای بیماری-زا است. روش تحقیق: به این منظور عصارههای اتانولی، متانولی و استونی (از طریق روش خیساندن) بر روی بخشهای مختلف رازیانه (گل، برگ و میوه) آماده شد و فعالیت آنها بر روی برخی گونههای باکتریایی گرم مثبت (استافیلوکوکوس آرئوس، باسیلوس سرئوس) و گرم منفی (سودوموناس آئروژینوزا، اشرشیاکلای) از طریق روش استاندارد دیسک دیفوژن امتحان شدند. نتایج: یافتهها نشان میدهند که حساسترین باکتری نسبت به عصاره استافیلوکوکوس آرئوس و مقاومترین باکتری سودوموناس آئروژینوزا میباشد. نتایج نشان میدهد که در مورد گل رازیانه عصاره متانولی و استونی به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین خاصیت ضد باکتریایی را دارند و عصاره اتانولی برگ رازیانه بیشترین خاصیت ضد باکتریایی را دارا هستند و در مورد میوه رازیانه عصاره متانولی و استونی به ترتیب حداکثر و حداقل فعالیت ضد باکتریایی را دارد. در کل نتیجه این مطالعه نشان میدهد که عصاره گل رازیانه نسبت به بقیه اجزا رازیانه خصوصیات ضد باکتریایی بیشتری دارد.توصیههای کاربردی/ صنعتی: مکانیسم عمل رازیانه به علت حضور ترکیبات فنولی و ترپنوئیدی است. این ترکیبات به طور بالقوه بر روی نفوذپذیری غشای باکتریها اثر میگذارد و در نتیجه باعث مرگ سلول میشود. بنابراین عصاره رازیانه میتواند برای کنترل باکتریهای مقاوم به چندین آنتیبیوتیک مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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338 - فعالیت ضدباکتریایی اسانس چند گیاه دارویی انحصاری ایران علیه باکتری سودوموناس آئروژینوزا جداشده از گوشت
شهره دادفر عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی مریم میرلوحی محمد حجت الاسلامی بهزاد حامدیمقدمه و هدف: متابولیت­های ثانویه با خواص زیست فعالی و عملکردی در اسانس گیاهان معطر می­توانند در جهت بهبود کیفیت و ماندگاری بیشتر مواد غذایی به عنوان نگهدارنده های طبیعی مؤثر واقع شوند. این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه خاصیت ضدباکتریایی اسانس چند گیاه بومی ایران برای است Moreمقدمه و هدف: متابولیت­های ثانویه با خواص زیست فعالی و عملکردی در اسانس گیاهان معطر می­توانند در جهت بهبود کیفیت و ماندگاری بیشتر مواد غذایی به عنوان نگهدارنده های طبیعی مؤثر واقع شوند. این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه خاصیت ضدباکتریایی اسانس چند گیاه بومی ایران برای استفاده در صنایع غذایی اجرا شد.روش تحقیق: ابتدا اندام هوایی پنج گونه گیاه دارویی انحصاری ایران شامل آویشن دنایی (Thymus daenensis Celak.)، آویشن کرمانی (Thymus carmanicus Jalals)، مرزه بختیاری (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge.)، مرزه خوزستانی (Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad.) و کرفس معطر بختیاری یا کلوس (Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff.) به همراه دو گونه بومی مرزه معمولی (Satureja hortensis L.) و گلپر برفی (Heracleum lasiopetalum Boiss.) از استان های چهارمحال و بختیاری، کرمان و خوزستان جمع آوری شد. سپس به روش تقطیر با آب (طرح کلوینجر) اسانس گیری انجام شد. قدرت ضد میکروبی اسانس ها در سه غلظت علیه Pseudomonas aeruginosa به روش انتشار دیسک تعیین شدند.نتایج و بحث: اسانس­های مرزه معمولی، مرزه بختیاری ، مرزه خوزستانی ، آویشن دنایی و آویشن کرمانی بیشترین قطر هاله ممانعت از رشد را علیه باکتری عامل فساد گوشت Pseudomonas aeruginosa داشتند. در نهایت اسانس مرزه بختیاری (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge.) مؤثرترین اسانس انتخاب بود.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: اسانس مرزه به عنوان یک طعم دهنده و نگهدارنده طبیعی می­تواند جایگزین نگهدارنده­های سنتزی در صنعت غذا به خصوص تولید و فرآوری گوشت به کار برده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - مقایسه فعالیت ضد میکروبی عصاره اتانولی، آبی و جوشانده تعدادی گیاهان دارویی استان گلستان علیه فعالیت باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس
علیرضا صفاهانی مهرداد عطائی محمد ربیعی تینا دادگر عزت الله قائمی مقدمه و هدف: در طول تاریخ بشری، بسیاری از بیماری های عفونی به طور سنتی با داروهای گیاهی درمان شده اند، به طوری که امروزه در بسیاری از کشورهای در حال توسعه داروهای گیاهی نقش اصلی را در درمان اولیه ایفا می­کنند. این مطالعه نیز با توجه به تنوع زیستی گیاهان در است More مقدمه و هدف: در طول تاریخ بشری، بسیاری از بیماری های عفونی به طور سنتی با داروهای گیاهی درمان شده اند، به طوری که امروزه در بسیاری از کشورهای در حال توسعه داروهای گیاهی نقش اصلی را در درمان اولیه ایفا می­کنند. این مطالعه نیز با توجه به تنوع زیستی گیاهان در استان گلستان به منظور بررسی اثر ضدباکتریایی عصاره الکلی، آبی و جوشانده تعدادی گونه از گیاهان دارویی استان علیه سویههای بالینی و استاندارد استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس حساس و مقاوم به متی سیلین و مقایسه بین آن ها و نیز تعیین گیاه مناسب جهت مطالعات بعدی انجام شده است. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق عصاره الکلی به روش پرکولاسیون و عصاره آبی با استفاده از دستگاه بنماری و جوشانده نیز به روش جوشاندن تهیه شد. بررسی اثر ضدباکتریایی عصاره گیاهان علیه سویههای MRSA و MSSA به روش انتشار در آگار و به کمک دیسک صورت گرفت و هر آزمون سه بار تکرار گردید. خاصیت ضدباکتریایی عصارهها با هم مقایسه گردید. سپس با استفاده از روش حداقل غلظت بازدارنده از رشد (MIC) تعیین شد. نتایج و بحث: از بین 23 گونه گیاهی مورد بررسی عصاره اتانولی سیاهدانه Nigella sativa ، اکالیپتوس Eucalyptus globulus ، گل راعی Hypericum perforatum ، انار Punica granatum ، گز Tamarix aphylla، زرشکBerberis vulgaris ، درمنه Atremisia dracunculus و اسپند Peganum harmala در روش انتشار دیسک بهترین اثر را نشان دادند و در بررسی عصاره آبی گیاهان بهترین اثر مربوط به عصاره آبی گیاهان انار، درمنه و اکالیپتوس و در مورد جوشانده گیاهان بهترین اثر ضدباکتریایی مربوط به جوشانده گیاهان انار، اکالیپتوس، درمنه، زرشک و گز میباشد. به طور کلی عصاره­ی الکلی گیاهان اثر ضدباکتریایی بهتری را نسبت به سایر عصارهها نشان دادند و در همه موارد اثر ضدباکتریایی عصارهها با آنتیبیوتیک و وانکومایسین که به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شده بود، مقایسه گردید که در مورد گیاهان مؤثر در اکثر موارد تأثیر ضدباکتریایی آن ها بیش از وانکومایسین 30 میکروگرمی بوده و در اغلب گیاهان فعالیت ضدباکتریایی آن­ها علیه سویههای MRSA بیش از MSSA بود و در ارزیابی MIC ، پوست میوه انار و پائینتر از سایر انواع عصارهها بود(MIC=0.01 mg/ml). توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به اثر ضد باکتریایی بسیار خوب تعیین اثرات بالینی آن ها در طرحهای تجربی ضروری است. در نهایت عصاره ی پوست انار در دو روش بررسی، دارای خاصیت ضد باکتریایی مناسبی استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - بررسی ویژگی های فیزیکوشیمیایی و ضدباکتریایی شربت سرفه گیاهی حاوی عصاره ترکیبی پوست ساقه Prosopisa fricana و Anogeissus leiocarpus
اولوبونمی اولایمی مرسی آبو رشیدا عبداللهی کریستیانا ایسمیBackground & Aim: The use of medicinal plants in the treatment and management of various diseases is widely practiced in Nigeria. The stem barks of Prosopisa fricana and Anogeissus leiocarpus have been employed traditionally in the treatment of several respiratory d MoreBackground & Aim: The use of medicinal plants in the treatment and management of various diseases is widely practiced in Nigeria. The stem barks of Prosopisa fricana and Anogeissus leiocarpus have been employed traditionally in the treatment of several respiratory diseases including cough. The aim of this study is to develop herbal syrup formulation from the combined aqueous stem bark extracts of Prosopisa fricana and Anogeissus leiocarpuswhich can be used in the treatment of cough.Experimental: Pulverized stem bark was extracted using distilled water by hot maceration for 24 h and concentrated over a water bath. The resulting extract was used to prepare syrups using either honey, sugar or combination of both (1:1) as vehicles in the presence of preservatives and sweeteners where needed. Organoleptic and physicochemical properties such as odor, color, taste, presence of froth, pH and density were evaluated. Stability of the syrups at room temperature, in the refrigerator and at accelerated temperature was also evaluated. Interaction studies was investigated using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy while Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to evaluate thermal properties of the prepared syrups.Results: The syrups were brown to dark brown in color, had characteristic smell with sweet to bitter taste. Viscosity was between 10.80 and 87.40 mpas, pH was between 3.92 and 4.90, density was between 1.39 and 1.52 mg/mL.No interaction was observed from FTIR spectra or DSC after thermal decomposition. In vitro antibacterial studies showed the syrups possess considerable inhibitory effect against tested microorganisms. Formulations PAH1 and PAH2 were found to be the most stable after 30 days’ storage at different temperatures.Recommended applications/industries: This study buttresses the potential of herbal extracts in developing stable syrup formulations using honey as a vehicle for treatment of cough and/or relieve of its associated symptoms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - بررسی خصوصیات ضدباکتریایی اسانس Citrus medica در مقابل برخی از باکتری های بیماری زای انسانی
محدثه شجاعی مهر مصطفی علم هولوBackground & Aim: The medicinal plants are used in treatment of diseases caused by the human pathogenic bacteria due to their antimicrobial compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Citrus medica essential oil on s MoreBackground & Aim: The medicinal plants are used in treatment of diseases caused by the human pathogenic bacteria due to their antimicrobial compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Citrus medica essential oil on some human pathogenic bacteria. Experimental: The plant samples of Citrus medica were collected from North of Iran. Samples were transferred to the biotechnology laboratory, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger device. Antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by agar well diffusion and by micro dilution broth methods, respectively. Antiradical activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH). Results: The highest and lowest inhibitory activity of essential oil was observed on Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Leaf essential oil showed the highest IC50 value than the skin essential oil. The essential oil of Citrus medica skin showed more inhibitory effect than the leaf essential oil. The MIC of leaf essential oil on B. subtilis, B. cereus and E. aerogenes and the MBC on B. cereus were found to be 3.12 mg ml-1. The MIC of skin essential oil on M. luteus was 1.56 mg ml-1 and the MBC on M. luteus and S. aureus was 3.12 mg ml-1. Recommended applications/industries: The results confirmed the efficacy of C. medica essential oil as natural antimicrobial and suggested the possibility of employing it in drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by the test organisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - مقایسه اثرات ضد میکروبی، ضد پلاک و ضد التهاب لثه توسط دهانشویه گیاهی با کلرهگزیدین در سگ
سعادت مشکلانی محمد جواهری کوپایی حسن ممتازمقدمه و هدف: بیماریهای دهان و دندان که عمدتا شامل بیماریهای التهابی لثه و بافت های نگه دارنده دندانها میباشند جزء شایع ترین بیماری ها در حیوانات خانگی به خصوص سگ هستند.هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی دهان شویه گیاهی حاوی عصاره گیاه چای سبز به منظور پیشگیری از تشکیل پلاک و ب Moreمقدمه و هدف: بیماریهای دهان و دندان که عمدتا شامل بیماریهای التهابی لثه و بافت های نگه دارنده دندانها میباشند جزء شایع ترین بیماری ها در حیوانات خانگی به خصوص سگ هستند.هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی دهان شویه گیاهی حاوی عصاره گیاه چای سبز به منظور پیشگیری از تشکیل پلاک و بیماری های دهان و دندان در سگ می باشد. روش تحقیق:به مظور دستیابی به این هدف، 20 قلاده سگ نر انتخاب شده و بصورت تصادفی به دو گروه شاهد (کلرهگزیدین 1/0%) و تیمار (دهان شویه گیاهی) تقسیم شدند. به منظور بررسی فلور دهانی،از محوطه دهانی سگ ها سواب تهیه شد و در محیط غنی کشت داده شد. همچنین از شاخص دندانی سیلنس لو به منظور بررسی تشکیل پلاک در ابتدا و انتهای مطالعه استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث:درصد کاهش باکتری های دهان در انتهای تحقیق به ترتیب در گروه شاهد و تیمار 90/84 و 41/73 درصد محاسبه گردید که تفاوت معنی دارای نشان می دهد. همچنین شاخص دندانی سیلنس لو در گروه شاهد 71/0 و در گروه تیمار 75/0 اندازه گیری شد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج حاصل نشان دهنده تأثیر مطلوب دهان شویه گیاهی بر روند پیشگیری از تشکیل پلاک و کاهش باکتری های دهان در حیوانات خانگی می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - فعالیت ضد باکتریایی و ترکیبات شیمیایی برگ های Bombax glabrum (Pasq.) A. Robyns
اولوفونمی وسو پل اوگانباموو ساموئل بانکول اولامیلکان آتدو روفیات ائیدیرانBackground & Aim:Bombax glabrum is used in traditional medicine for the relief of general pain and digestive problems. The aim of this study was to establish the antibacterial activity, to characterize and identify the bioactive compounds in the leaves of the plant. MoreBackground & Aim:Bombax glabrum is used in traditional medicine for the relief of general pain and digestive problems. The aim of this study was to establish the antibacterial activity, to characterize and identify the bioactive compounds in the leaves of the plant. Experimental: The powdered leave samples were sequentially extracted with n-hexane and chloroform using a soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical screening was done using standard analytical procedures and the antibacterial activity of both extracts was tested against Bacillus subtills, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia using modified agar disc diffusion method. The chloroform extract was subjected to column chromatography separation in combination with TLC. Contact autobiography was carried out on two active spot(s) while purified fractions of these spots were analyzed using GC-MS. Results: Phytochemical screening shows the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and sterols. The plant has inhibitory activity against S. aureus and E. coli; while the GC-MS of two active spots of the chloroform extract (with Rf of 0.60 and 0.82) yielded 12 and 17 compounds for band C3 and C5, respectively, which were active against S. aureus only. Most abundant compounds are bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (34.54) and 2-pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl (41.81 %), respectively. Recommended applications/industries: The presence of bioactive compounds could account for the plant’s inhibitory action against S. aureus and E. coli which may justify its use in managing infections Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - ترکیبات شیمیایی، خاصیت ضدباکتریایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی اسانس گیاه خوشاریزه Echinophora cinerea Boiss
مریم پاس مرضیه رشیدی پور غلام رضا طالعی بهروز دوستیمقدمه و هدف: خوشاریزه با نام علمی Echinophora cinerea گیاهی است از خانواده چتریان که ارتفاع آن به 30 تا 100 سانتی متر می رسد. اسانس خوشاریزه حاوی ترکیباتی از جمله آلکالوئیدها و فلاونوئیدها و غیره است. یکی از بهترین منابع آنتی اکسیدان های طبیعی، ترکیبات فنلی موجود Moreمقدمه و هدف: خوشاریزه با نام علمی Echinophora cinerea گیاهی است از خانواده چتریان که ارتفاع آن به 30 تا 100 سانتی متر می رسد. اسانس خوشاریزه حاوی ترکیباتی از جمله آلکالوئیدها و فلاونوئیدها و غیره است. یکی از بهترین منابع آنتی اکسیدان های طبیعی، ترکیبات فنلی موجود در اسانس های گیاهی از جمله این گیاه است. هدف بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی، خاصیت آنتی باکتریال و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی اسانس گیاه خوشاریزه با نام علمی Echinophora cinerea است. روش تحقیق: تهیه اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب و شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی کوپل شده با طیف سنج جرمی (GC-MS) انجام گرفت. ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی اسانس با استفاده از روش DPPH ارزیابی و با آنتی اکسیدان استاندارد BHT مقایسه شد. آزمون ضدباکتریایی به روش رقت سازی (محیط کشت براث) و انتشار دیسک انجام گرفت و حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی MIC و کشندگی MBC باکتریایی اسانس ها پس از 24 و 48 ساعت مشخص و با گروه آنتی بیوتیک علیه استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس، لیستریا مونوسیتوژنز، سودوموناس ایروژینوزا، اشرشیاکولی و MRSA مقایسه گردید. نتایج و بحث: مهمترین ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده اسانس خوشاریزه α- فلاندرن (09/32)، لیمونن (28/16%)، پارا-سیمن (75/10%)، α-پینن(79/9%)، کارواکرول (79/3%)، β-میرسن(65/2%) بود. IC50 برای اسانس خوشاریزه (mg/ml) 74/0 تعیین شد در صورتی­که این پارامتر برای BHT (µg/ml) 63/50 بود. اثر ضد باکتریایی قوی اسانس خوشاریزه بر باکتریهای استافیلوکوکوس ارئوس استاندارد مشاهده گردید؛ بطوری­که در mg/ml 16/0 MIC اثر مهار کنندگی و در رقت mg/ml 63/0 MBC= اثرکشندگی بر این باکتری داشت. این اثر بر استافیلوکک مقاوم MRSA و اشرشیا کلی ضعیف تر بود. سودوموناس آئروژینوزا نسبت به این اسانس مقاوم بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به خاصیت ضدباکتریایی و آنتی اکسیدان اسانس این گیاه می توان از آن در صنایع غذایی، دارویی، آرایشی- بهداشتی و همچنین معطر سازی و طعم دهی مواد غذایی استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - خاصیت ضدباکتریایی اسانس های گیاهان دارویی آویشن، انیسون و پونه علیه اروینیا کاروتوورا
مهرداد جعفرپور احمدرضا گل پرور امین لطفیBackground & Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the bactericidal effect of three medicinal plant species, including Thymus vulgaris, Trachyspermum ammi, and Mentha aquatica on Erwinia carotovora growth. Experimental: This research was done in a factoria MoreBackground & Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the bactericidal effect of three medicinal plant species, including Thymus vulgaris, Trachyspermum ammi, and Mentha aquatica on Erwinia carotovora growth. Experimental: This research was done in a factorial to completely randomized design with three concentrations, and three replicates on nutrient agar culture medium. Results &Discussion: Results of this study indicated that the essential oils from the studied plants were effective against Erwinia carotovora. At 300 ppm concentration, diameter of growth inhabitation was 43 mm. Results indicated the essential oil from T. ammi, especially at 300 and 400 ppm concentrations had the highest antibacterial activity against Erwinia carotovora with 43.00 and 46.67 mm diameter of growth inhabitation. In addition, there was no significant difference between 300 and 400 ppm concentrations of M. aquatica and at concentrations of 200, 300, and 400 ppm for T. vulgaris. Recommended applications/industries: The overall results indicated the essential oils, especially Trachyspermum ammi have antibacterial activity against Erwinia carotovora; it seems that the essential oils can be employed in manufacturing desirable bactericidal agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - بررسی عصاره آبی و اتانولی زرشک معمولی بر باکتری های گرم منفی مقاوم به چند آنتی بیوتیک (MDR)
زهرا عطائی کچوئی سیما یحیی آبادی منیر دودیمقدمه و هدف:در سال های اخیر بدلیل مصرف بی رویه غیر منطقی داروهای مصنوعی میزان مقاومت دارویی میکروارگانیسم های بیماری زا در حال افزایش است و نیاز به ترکیبات جدید می باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر عصاره آبی و اتانولی میوه زرشک معمولی بر روی هفت گونه باکتری بیماری Moreمقدمه و هدف:در سال های اخیر بدلیل مصرف بی رویه غیر منطقی داروهای مصنوعی میزان مقاومت دارویی میکروارگانیسم های بیماری زا در حال افزایش است و نیاز به ترکیبات جدید می باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر عصاره آبی و اتانولی میوه زرشک معمولی بر روی هفت گونه باکتری بیماری زای گرم منفی مقاوم به چند داروی شایع در محیط آزمایشگاه بود.این مطالعه بر روی 100 نمونه از سویه های باکتریایی اشریشیا کلای، کلبسیلا پنومونیه،, پروتئوس میرابیلیس، سیتروباکتر فروندی، انتروباکتر آئروژنز، سودوموناس آئروژینوزاو اسینتوباکتر بومانی که همگی مقاوم به چند دارو (MDR) بوده و از آزمایشگاه تشخیص طبی وحید زرین شهر و بیمارستان های شریعتی،صدوقی و غرضی شهر اصفهان جداسازی شده بودند و هم چنین بر روی سویه های استاندارد این باکتری ها تهیه شده از سازمان پژوهش های علمی و صنعتی ایران انجام گرفت. روش تحقیق:میوه زرشک معمولی از مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان تهیه گردید. عصاره آبی و اتانولی به روش خیساندن تهیه گردید. بعد از تعیین هویت باکتری ها، مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی آن ها با روش انتشار دیسک تعیین گردید. بررسی اثر ضد باکتریایی عصاره آبی و اتانولی میوه زرشک معمولی بر روی رشد باکتری های مقاوم به چند دارو با روش انتشار چاهک در چهار غلظت 50 100 400و800 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بررسی شد. هم چنین حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی و حداقل غلظت کشندگی این عصاره ها روی باکتری ها به روش ماکرو دایلوشن صورت گرفت. داده های جمع آوری شده با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و آزمون آماری کراسکال والیس و من ویتنی تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج و بحث:در وش انتشار چاهک عصاره اتانولی و آبی میوه زرشک معمولی اثر مهارکنندگی قابل ملاحظه ای بر روی رشد ایزوله ها نشان داد. همچنین عصاره اتانولی و آبی میوه زرشک معمولی اثر مهارکنندگی بر روی سویه های استاندارد این باکتری ها داشت.نتایج نشان دهنده ی اثر بسیار عالی عصاره اتانولی زرشک در غلظت 800 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بر تمام سویه های باکتریایی بود. قابل قبول ترین غلظت مهارکنندگی رشد و حداقل غلظت کشندگی عصاره آبی و اتانولی میوه زرشک برای باکتری ها به ترتیب 50 و 100 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر گزارش شد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی:نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که عصاره آبی و اتانولی میوه زرشک معمولی بر روی باکتری های مقاوم چند دارو(MDR) اثر ضد باکتریایی دارد و استفاده از آن به عنوان جایگزین آنتی بیوتیک پس از بررسی های بیشتر جهت درمان توصیه می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - فلاونوئیدها به عنوان داروهای درمانی نوظهور: مروری بر فعالیت زیستی و شیمی درمانی آنها
آبیچه ایکالو جامز داماهابیلابBackground and aim: The aim of the review is to study the bioactivity, chemoprevention and chemotherapy approach of flavonoids as the emerging therapeutic agents Results: The quickest way of managing health challenges in the developing world is by the uses of herbs. The MoreBackground and aim: The aim of the review is to study the bioactivity, chemoprevention and chemotherapy approach of flavonoids as the emerging therapeutic agents Results: The quickest way of managing health challenges in the developing world is by the uses of herbs. These medicinal plants are known to contain phytochemicals that conferred on them these pharmacological potentials. Among these chemical constituents are the flavonoids which become the emergent therapeutic agents because of their vast pharmacological properties. Among reported activities of plants derived phytochemicals, flavonoids have shown various pharmacological activities. Many flavonoids have shown significant anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. Therefore, researches have focused on developing potent bioactive flavonoids. Recent researchers have focused on the development of potent drugs with minimal toxicity for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. The antibacterial activities of flavonoids against a wide range of microorganisms and their radical-scavenging ability are well known and reported. Therefore, one can conclude that flavonoids have actually become emerging therapeutic agents. Recommended applications/industries: In view of the pharmaceutical properties of various flavonoids such as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities, they could be used in pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - اثر ضد باکتریایی، میزان ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدی و عملکرد آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره الکلی موسیر وحشی (Allium hirtifolium Boiss)
الهه آل ابراهیم دهکردی عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی محمود رفیعیان کوپاییمقدمه و هدف: موسیر گیاهی متعلق به جنس آلیوم و خانواده آلیاسه می باشد. این گیاه بومی کشور ایران است که به صورت خودرو در نواحی مرتفع و نقاط کوهستانی می روید. با توجه به رویکرد مجدد برای مصرف داروها و فراورده های گیاهی ، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی از اهمیت خاصی در درمان و پی Moreمقدمه و هدف: موسیر گیاهی متعلق به جنس آلیوم و خانواده آلیاسه می باشد. این گیاه بومی کشور ایران است که به صورت خودرو در نواحی مرتفع و نقاط کوهستانی می روید. با توجه به رویکرد مجدد برای مصرف داروها و فراورده های گیاهی ، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی از اهمیت خاصی در درمان و پیشگیری از بیماری ها برخوردار می باشد. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین خواص فیتوشیمیایی و اثرات ضد باکتریایی این گیاه انجام پذیرفت. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه،عصاره گیاهان به روش ماسراسیون تهیه و میزان ترکیبات فنولی و فلاونوئیدی با روش فولین سیکالچو و کلریدآلومینیوم تعیین گردید.برای تعیین خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی از روش DPPH و جهت بررسی اثر ضد باکتریایی از روش براث ماکرودایلوشن استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و رسم نمودارها با نرم افزار Excel صورت گرفت. نتایج و بحث: یافته های این مطالعه نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار ترکیبات فنلی، فلاونولی و فلاونوئیدی در هرگرم عصاره ی خشک به ترتیب با مقدار 5/135، 59/9 و 77/0میلی گرم مربوط به برگ موسیر می باشد. همچنین نتایج اثر ضد میکروبی این تحقیق نشان داد که عصاره ی برگ و پیاز موسیر بر باکتری های استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و اسنیتو باکتر بومانی اثر مهارکنندگی و کشندگی قابل قبولی دارند.کمترین غلظت کشندگی بر باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس در غلظت 64 میکروگرم بر میلی لیتر در عصاره ی الکلی برگ و پیاز موسیر مشاهده شد . همچنین بهترین اثرمهارکنندگی مربوط به عصاره ی برگ موسیر در غلظت 128 میکروگرم Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - گلهای رز ایرانی، یک ضد باکتری طبیعی علیه عامل اصلی عفونت سوختگی پوست، سودوموناس آئروژینوزا
مائده رزقی سید رضا حسینی دوست ژینوس عسگرپناهمقدمه و هدف : رز ایرانی (Rosa foetida) متعلق به تیره گل سرخ می باشد و یکی از گونه های بومی ایرانی به حساب می آید که تاکنون اثرات بیولوژیک گل های آن بررسی نگردیده است. از آنجا که گل های این گیاه در طب سنتی ایران به عنوان مرهم جهت بهبود سوختگی های عفونی پوست به کار می رود Moreمقدمه و هدف : رز ایرانی (Rosa foetida) متعلق به تیره گل سرخ می باشد و یکی از گونه های بومی ایرانی به حساب می آید که تاکنون اثرات بیولوژیک گل های آن بررسی نگردیده است. از آنجا که گل های این گیاه در طب سنتی ایران به عنوان مرهم جهت بهبود سوختگی های عفونی پوست به کار می رود، بر آن شدیم تا برای اولین بار اثر ضد میکروبی عصاره های مختلف گل ها را علیه عامل اصلی عفونت های سوختگی، سودوموناس آئروژینوزا بررسی نماییم. روش تحقیق: بررسی اثر ضد میکروب عصاره ها و تعیین حداقل غلظت مهار رشد باکتری به ترتیب با استفاده از روش چاهک پلیت و روش رقت سازی متوالی در میکروپلیت انجام شد. نتایچ و بحث: تمام عصاره های حاصل از گل ها دارای اثر مهاری بر رشد باکتری بودند که از بین آنها عصاره های آبی و متانولی دارای قوی ترین اثر را نشان دادند. قطر هاله عدم رشد (با غلظت 125 میلی گرم/میلی لیتر) و حداقل غلظت مهار رشد باکتری برای هر دو عصاره فوق نسبتا با اثر داروی استاندارد، ایمیپنم/سیلاستاتین (8/8 میکروگرم/میلی لیتر) یکسان بود. توصیه کاربردی / صنعتی: نتایج مشاهده شده نشان می دهد که گل های رز ایرانی دارای ترکیبات موثره با اثر ضد باکتری علیه سوش های استاندارد و پاتوژن سودوموناس آئروژینوزا جدا شده از پنج بیمار مبتلا به عفونت سوختگی پوست است و کاربرد سنتی این گیاه را در عفونت های سوختگی پوست توجیه می نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی و فعالیت ضد باکتری اسانس دو گونه آویشن
امین هادی پناه مجتبی خرمیمقدمه و هدف :استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس (Staphylococcus aureus) ازجمله باکتریهای بیماریزا و از عوامل مهم عفونتهای بیمارستانی درجوامع انسانی می باشد. این باکتری نسبت به داروهای شیمیایی به سرعت درحال مقاوم شدن می باشد و در بسیاری از کشورها تلاش زیادی جهت یافتن ترکیبهای جدید به Moreمقدمه و هدف :استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس (Staphylococcus aureus) ازجمله باکتریهای بیماریزا و از عوامل مهم عفونتهای بیمارستانی درجوامع انسانی می باشد. این باکتری نسبت به داروهای شیمیایی به سرعت درحال مقاوم شدن می باشد و در بسیاری از کشورها تلاش زیادی جهت یافتن ترکیبهای جدید به عنوان جایگزین مناسب این آنتی بیوتیکها انجام می شود. هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی و فعالیت ضد باکتری اسانس 2 گونه آویشن (Thymus vulgaris L.) و (Thymus daenensis Celak)کشت شده در شرایط آب و هوایی استان فارس بود. روش تحقیق: قسمتهای هوایی آویشن باغی و آویشن دنایی در مرحله آغاز گلدهی در منطقه استهبان (استان فارس) در جنوب ایران، در سال 1393 جمع آوری شد. استخراج اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب و به کمک دستگاه اسانس گیری طرح کلونجر صورت گرفت و میزان اسانس به وسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد تجزیه و شناسایی قرار گرفت. اسانس استافیلوکوکوساورئوس با سطوح مختلف آنتی بیوتیک وانکومایسین، متیسیلین و اکساسیلین مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث:نتایج بدست آمده از این تحقیق نشان داد که به ترتیب 28 و26 ترکیب در اسانس آویشن باغی و آویشن دنایی شناسایی شدند. ترکیبات اصلی اسانس آویشن باغی شامل تیمول (14/63%)، پارا-سیمین (45/9%)، گاما-ترپینن (67/8%) و کارواکرول (14/3%) حاصل شد. ترکیبات اصلی اسانس آویشن دنایی شامل تیمول (2/71%)، گاما-ترپینن (81/8%)، پارا-سیمین (8/3%) و کارواکرول (4/2%) بدست آمد. نتایج حاکی ازآن بود که MIC و MBC اسانس آویشن باغی و آویشن دنایی به ترتیب تاثیر بازدارندگی رشد 1/0 تا 5/0 میکرولیتردر یک میلی لیتر بر باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس دارند. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: اسانس آویشن دنایی به طور محسوسی ویژگی ضدباکتری بارزتری نسبت به اسانس آویشن باغی از خود نشان داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - تاثیر باکتریهای افزایش دهنده رشد گیاه بر عصاره و فاکتورهای فیزیولوژیکی آویشن دنایی (Thymus daenensis Celak) در شرایط تنش خشکی
علی عبداللهی محمد فیضیان غزاله مهدی پوریانزمینه و هدف: در حال حاضر استفاده از میکروارگانیسم های مفید به عنوان نهاده های کشاورزی پایدار و کارآمد با امیدواری در کاهش اثرات منفی خشکسالی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. به منظور بررسی تأثیر ریزوباکتری های تقویت کننده رشد گیاه (PGPR) و تنش خشکی بر اسانس (EO) و فاکتورهای فی Moreزمینه و هدف: در حال حاضر استفاده از میکروارگانیسم های مفید به عنوان نهاده های کشاورزی پایدار و کارآمد با امیدواری در کاهش اثرات منفی خشکسالی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. به منظور بررسی تأثیر ریزوباکتری های تقویت کننده رشد گیاه (PGPR) و تنش خشکی بر اسانس (EO) و فاکتورهای فیزیولوژیکی آویشن دنایی (Thymus daenensis Celak)، یک آزمایش در سال 2017 در شهرکرد انجام شد.شرح آزمایش: آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورها چهار رژیم آبیاری و دو تلقیح PGPR بودند. فاکتور اول شامل چهار رژیم آبیاری عبارت بودند از: آبیاری کامل (A: عدم استرس) ، آبیاری پس از کاهش 20-25٪ ظرفیت مزرعه (FC) (L: استرس کم) ، آبیاری پس از کاهش 35-40 FC (M: استرس خفیف) و آبیاری پس از کاهش 60-55٪ FC (S: استرس شدید). فاکتور دوم شامل دو تیمار PGPR ، عدم تلقیح (C: شاهد) و تلقیح با PGPR (M: Pseudomonas fluorescens سویه 187 و Pseudomonas aeruginosa سویه MPFM) بود.یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی باعث کاهش وزن خشک ریشه و شاخساره ، محتوای نسبی آب ، رنگدانه های فتوسنتزی و پارامترهای تبادل گازی شد اما تلقیح PGPR باعث بهبود آنها گردید. با افزایش تنش خشکی ، پرولین ، مالون دی آلدئید ، نشت الکترولیت و مقاومت روزنه ای افزایش یافت، اما تلقیح PGPR باعث کاهشاین فاکتورها در تیمارهای مربوطه شد. تلقیح PGPR باعث افزایش تولید اسانس گردید اگرچه این افزایش از نظر آماری معنی دار نبود اما تنش آب تولید اسانس را کاهش داد.توصیه های صنعتی و عملی: نتایج نشان می دهد که تلقیح PGPR می تواند یک استراتژی عالی برای کاهش اثرات منفی تنش خشکی در کشت آویشن دنایی در شرایط تنش خشکی باشد، بنابراین کشاورزان مناطق نیمه خشک می توانند با استفاده از PGPR در تنش کم آب بیشترین مقدار EO در در آویشن دنایی تولید کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - مقایسه اثر تزریق و خوراکی گیاه آنیسون بر روی موشهای سوری نژاد Bal B/c مبتلا به بیماری لیستریوز
امین هاشم پور محمد حسین صادقی زالی صابر یوسفیBackground & Aim: Anise studies have demonstrated different properties such as anti-cancer, anti-fungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, strengthen the liver, gastrointestinal tract, wounds heal and strengthen the nerve cells. Outbreaks of listeriosis MoreBackground & Aim: Anise studies have demonstrated different properties such as anti-cancer, anti-fungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, strengthen the liver, gastrointestinal tract, wounds heal and strengthen the nerve cells. Outbreaks of listeriosis in the general population are 7.0 per 100,000 populations. Pregnant women, infants, the elderly and immunocompromised patients or those weaknesses comprise most cases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of intravenous and oral administration of anise herb to BALB/c race of mice with listeriosis. Experimental: 2 units of listeria monocytogenes were prepared in 0.5 Mc Farland concentrations and injected to BALB/c trace mouse intraperitoneal. Before and after treatment, the mice were examined for agglutination test. Results: The results of this study indicated that the effect of oral treatment with aqueous extract is better than injection of essential oil of anise. Recommended applications/industries: According to results of the present study, anise aqueous extract was recommended as a potential antibacterial agent against listeria monocytogenes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - ارزیابی فعالیت ضد باکتریایی عصاره متانولی گیاه کک گریز در دو مرحله برداشت بر روی تعدادی از باکتریهای هوازی عامل عفونت های واژینال
لیلا فیروزیان لیلا امجد منیر دودیBackground & Aim:Vaginal disease has always been a great concern of women. Medicinal plants as natural resources with fewer side effects can effectively treat these infections given the diversity of these infections, resistance to antibiotics and side effects of exi MoreBackground & Aim:Vaginal disease has always been a great concern of women. Medicinal plants as natural resources with fewer side effects can effectively treat these infections given the diversity of these infections, resistance to antibiotics and side effects of existing drugs. The present study aimed to compare antimicrobial effects of methanol extract of Francoeuria Undulata on growth of several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria causing vaginal infections. Experimental: Francoeuria Undulata as an indigenous Iranian plant was collected in two harvest times (T1 and T2). Methanol extract of aerial parts of the plant was prepared. The effects of various concentrations (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/ml)of methanol extracts were studied onKlebsiella and Enterobacter as gram-negative pathogens. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of bacterial growth and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined using macro-dilution method. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA. Results: The results showed that methanol extracts of aerial parts of Francoeuria Undulata inhibit bacterial growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes. MICs varied from 125mg/ml to 250 mg/ml in the old and new harvest times. Therefore, the smallest diameter of inhibition zone belonged to Klebsiella pneumoniae at 62.5mg/ml concentration in the old harvest time and the largestdiameter of inhibitory zone belonged tothe second strains of Klebsiellapneumoniae at 500mg/ml concentration in the new harvest time. Recommended applications/industries: The findings of the study indicated that methanol extracts of Francoeuria Undulata at two old and new harvest times had strong antibacterial and inhibitory effects on gram-negative bacteria causing vaginal infections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی اسانس آویشن شیرازی بر روی اسینتو باکتر بومانی جدا شده از نمونه های بالینی
خدیجه رضایی کیخواهی غلامرضا باقری مهدی حسن شاهیان سعیده سعیدیمقدمه و هدف: هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی اسانس آویشن شیرازی بر روی اسینتو باکتر بومانی جدا شده از نمونه های بالینی است. روش تحقیق: دوازده سویه اسینتو باکتر بومانی از بیمارستان های شهرستان زابل جداسازی شد. اسانس آویشن شیرازی با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر بدس Moreمقدمه و هدف: هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی اسانس آویشن شیرازی بر روی اسینتو باکتر بومانی جدا شده از نمونه های بالینی است. روش تحقیق: دوازده سویه اسینتو باکتر بومانی از بیمارستان های شهرستان زابل جداسازی شد. اسانس آویشن شیرازی با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر بدست آمد، در نهایت حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی و حداقل غلظت کشندگی اسانس در برابر باکتریهای ذکرشده با روش میکرودایلوشن تعیین گردید. نتایج و بحث: نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که کمترین غلظت مهار کنندگی در برابر باکتری ها برابر با 31/0 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر است و تنها یک سویه از باکتری در این غلظت مهار شده است. بیشترین غلظت مهار کننندگی برابر با 10 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بوده و یک سویه نیز در این غلظت مهار شده است. توصیه کاربردی و صنعتی: نتایج نشان داد که اسانس با افزایش غلظت اثرات ضد میکروبی آن افزایش پیدا می کند، اسانس آویشن فعالیت ضد میکروبی خوبی حتی در غلظت های پایین از خود نشان داد. با کاربرد اسانس آویشن شیرازی علیه باکتری های بیماریزا می توان به یک ماده ضد میکروبی خوب بدون اثر جانبی دست پیدا کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - Synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidines catalyzed by caffeine supported on boehmite nanoparticles and their evaluation for anti-bacterial activities
Mohammad Bakherad Rahele Doosti Mahdi Mirzaee Khosrow Jadidi -
Open Access Article
356 - Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial study of dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromene derivatives by nano fluoro apatite doped with Mg and Si as a cooperative catalyst
Elmira Jahangard Leila Khazdooz Amin Zarei -
Open Access Article
357 - Eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Bacillus Subtilis, characterization and antibacterial potential against Staphylococcus aureus associated with cardiac catheterization
Suaad Fazaa -
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358 - Recent Progress in Visible-Light Active (VLA) TiO2 Nano-Structures for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity (PCA) and Antibacterial Properties: A Review
Kasun Seneviratne Imalka Munaweera Sriyani Peiris Colin Peiris Nilwala Kottegoda -
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359 - Investigation on the Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities of Green synthesized Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles using Clitoria ternatea
S. Prabhu T. Daniel Thangadurai P. Vijai Bharathy Pon. Kalugasalam -
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360 - Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Properties of Surfactant Encapsulated Mn/Mg Co-doped Titania Nanoparticles
Sankara Miditana -
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361 - Synthesis of Ag-Ag2O nanoparticles using Ageratum conyzoides leaf extract for the catalytic reduction of nitrobenzene and methylene blue and antibacterial applications
Dinesh Patil Kagepura Chandrashekara Jayappa Manjanna Malavalli Sridhara -
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362 - Facile one-pot synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones in Ionic Liquid and study of their antibacterial activities
Ayoob Bazgir Seyyedeh Cobra Azimi -
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363 - Synthesis and in-vitro antimicrobial screening of 3-cinnamoyl coumarin and 3-[3-(1H-indol-2-yl)-3-aryl-propanoyl]-2H-chromen-2-ones
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364 - Solvent-free synthesis and characterization of antibacterial azo dyes in the presence of Bronsted-acid ionic liquid as a green catalyst
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365 - Investigation the effects of bacterial additive and moisture absorbent on the fermentability and nutrient composition of potato silage
Mehran Jalili Hamid Mohammadzadeh علی حسینخانی اکبر تقی زاده -
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366 - The Effect of Bovine Lactoferrin and Probiotic on Performance and Health Status of Ghezel Lambs in Preweaning Phase
M. Mallaki ع. حسینخانی A. Taghizadeh G. Hamidian H. Paya -
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367 - Effects of Thyme Essential Oil and Disodium Fumarate on Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics, Microbial Population and Nutrient Flow in a Dual Flow Continuous Culture System
ه. براز ح. جهانی-عزیزآبادی ع. عزیزی -
Open Access Article
368 - Study of Bacterial Diversity in Poultry Gut Using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
V.B. Ahir K.M. Singh A.K. Tripathi R.A. Mathakiya S.J. Jakhesara P.G. Koringa D.N. Rank M.K. Jhala C.G. Joshi -
Open Access Article
369 - تولید شکمبهای متان، جمعیت میکروبی و خصوصیات تخمیر شکمبهای در گوسفند تحت تأثیر عصاره برگ پنیرک قرار میگیرد: مطالعه برونتنی
ص. خاموشی ف. کفیلزاده ح. جهانی-عزیزآبادی و. ناصریهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر عصاره برگ گیاه پنیرک (به میزان صفر، 25، 50 و 100 میکرولیتر\30 میلی لیتر محیط کشت) بر رشد باکتریهای سلولایتیک و کل باکتریهای زنده، جمعیت پروتوزواها، تولید متان، پتانسیل تجزیه الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی، و بازده تخمیر شکمبه ای علوفه یولاف در Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر عصاره برگ گیاه پنیرک (به میزان صفر، 25، 50 و 100 میکرولیتر\30 میلی لیتر محیط کشت) بر رشد باکتریهای سلولایتیک و کل باکتریهای زنده، جمعیت پروتوزواها، تولید متان، پتانسیل تجزیه الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی، و بازده تخمیر شکمبه ای علوفه یولاف در شکمبه گوسفند در شرایط برون تنی بود. افزودن عصاره پنیرک به میزان 25، 50 و 100 میکرولیتر، سبب افزایش خطی(01/0>P) قابلیت هضم حقیقی ماده خشک، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی و فاکتور تفکیک علوفه یولاف و کاهش (01/0>P) تولید متان بعد از 24 ساعت انکوباسیون در شرایط برونتنی، شد. نسبت به تیمار شاهد، افزودن عصاره برگ پنیرک در مقادیر 25 و 50 میکرولیتر سبب کاهش(01/0>P) پتانسیل تولید گاز و در مقادیر 25، 50 و 100 میکرولیتر سبب افزایش (01/0>P) فاز تأخیر (به ترتیب 95/0، 01/1 و 13/1 نسبت به 61/0 ساعت)، ثابت نرخ تولید گاز (b) و ثابت نرخ تولید گاز در زمان تولید 50 درصد از کل گاز تولیدی (c)، شد. افزایش این عصاره تعداد کل پروتوزواها و گونههای انتودنیومها، ایزوتریشاها، دیپلودنیوم و گونه اوفیروس کولکس را کاهش داد (01/0>P). تعداد کل باکتریها و باکتریهای سلولولایتیک تحت تأثیر افزودن عصاره برگ پنیرک قرار نگرفت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که عصاره برگ پنیرک دارای پتانسیل بهبود تخمیر شکمبهای میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Effects of Thyme Essential Oil and Disodium Fumarate Alone or in Combination on Performance, Blood Metabolites, Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Communities in Holstein Dairy Cows
H. Baraz H. Jahani-Azizabadi O. Azizi -
Open Access Article
371 - نانوذرات چیتولیگوساکارید انباشته از آهن وقوع کندرونکروزیس باکتریایی با پوکی استخوان در جوجههای گوشتی را کاهش میدهد
ع. یوسفی ع.ا. ساکیمطالعه حاضر برای بررسی اثرات جیره نانوذرات چیتولیگوساکارید انباشته از آهن (Fe-CNP) روی وقوع کندرونکروزیس باکتریایی با پوکس استخوان (BCO) در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. 400 جوجه هشت روزه (Ross 308) به چهار تیمار با شش تکرار از 20 پرنده اختصاص یافتند. تمامی جوجهها روی سیستم Moreمطالعه حاضر برای بررسی اثرات جیره نانوذرات چیتولیگوساکارید انباشته از آهن (Fe-CNP) روی وقوع کندرونکروزیس باکتریایی با پوکس استخوان (BCO) در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. 400 جوجه هشت روزه (Ross 308) به چهار تیمار با شش تکرار از 20 پرنده اختصاص یافتند. تمامی جوجهها روی سیستم کفپوش سیمی تا سن 42 روزگی پرورش یافتند. جیره شاهد براساس توصیههای Aviagen به غیر از مکمل آهن فرموله شده بودند. گروههای آزمایشی شامل: 10 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم Fe از Fe-CNP (گروه Fe-CNP)، 20 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم Fe از FeSO4(گروه FeSO4) و 20 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم Fe از FeSO4 + CNP (گروه FeSO4 + CNP) بودند. نتایج یک افزایش معنیدار در فاکتور بهرهوری تولید، رشد وزنی و FCR در تمامی گروههای مکمل­سازی شده با Fe (05/0P<) در مقایسه با شاهد نشان دادند. خوراک مصرفی تفاوت معنیداری بین گروهها نداشت (05/0P<). سطح فاکتور آلفا نکروزیس تومور پلاسما (TNF-α) به طور معنیداری توسط Fe-CNP کاهش یافت، اگرچه سطح ایمونوگلوبولین G (IgG) سرم به طور معنیداری در این گروه افزایش یافت (05/0P<). شیوع امتیازات راه رفتن با اختلال (3GS≥) در پرندگان زنده در روز 42 تفاوت معنیداری بین تیمارهای جیرهای نشان نداد (05/0P<). ارزیابی جوجههای لنگ شده نشان داد که شاهد و Fe-CNP کمتر اختلالات راه رفتن کمتری داشتند (05/0P<). مکمل FeSO4به طور معنیداری درصد آسیبهای استخوانهای femur و tibia را افزایش داد (05/0P<). ارزیابی پای جوجههای زنده نشان داد که گروههای Fe-CNP و شاهد وقوع بیشتری از femur طبیعی (NF) و درصد کمتری از نکروز femur انتقالی (FHT) و آسیبهای کلی femur (تمامی F؛ 05/0P<) ارائه دادند. نکروز سر استخوان ران (FHN) و FHS به طور معنیداری توسط تیمارهای جیرهای تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفتند (05/0P<). به طور کلی، مکمل Fe-CNP، توسط بهبود سیستم ایمنی، وقوع آسیبهای BCO در جوجههای گوشتی را کاهش میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - تأثیر سطوح مختلف خارمریم (Silybum Marianum) در جیرههای حاوی دانه با سرعت تجزیه متفاوت در شکمبه بر باکتریهای شکمبه گاومیش خوزستان
ض. نیکزاد م. چاجی ک. میرزاده ت. محمدآبادی م. ساریهدف از این مطالعه بررسی جیرههای حاوی سطوح مختلف خارمریم (0، 100 و 200 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و جیرههای حاوی دانه با سرعت تجزیه متفاوت (ذرت و جو) در شکمبه بر باکتریها و کل میکروارگانیسمهای شکمبه گاومیش خوزستان بود. از روشهای تولید گاز، هضم دو مرحلهای و کشت اختصاص Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی جیرههای حاوی سطوح مختلف خارمریم (0، 100 و 200 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و جیرههای حاوی دانه با سرعت تجزیه متفاوت (ذرت و جو) در شکمبه بر باکتریها و کل میکروارگانیسمهای شکمبه گاومیش خوزستان بود. از روشهای تولید گاز، هضم دو مرحلهای و کشت اختصاصی باکتری برای این منظور استفاده شد. مایع شکمبه از دو رأس گاومیش فیستولا گذاری شده گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که پتانسیل تولید گاز جیرههای آزمایشی توسط کل میکروارگانیسمها تفاوت معنیداری نداشت (05/0<P) و در هر دو جیره پایه با افزایش سطح خارمریم تولید گاز افزایش یافت ولی در جیره بر پایه جو، سطح 200 گرم و در جیره بر پایه ذرت، سطح 100 گرم بیشترین تولید گاز را نشان داد. نرخ تولید گاز جیرههای آزمایشی توسط کل میکروارگانیسمها تفاوت معنیداری نشان داد (05/0>P) به طوری که در هر دو جیره پایه سطح 100 گرم بیشترین نرخ تولید گاز را نشان داد. پتانسیل و نرخ تولید گاز جیرههای آزمایشی توسط باکتریهای شکمبه گاومیش تفاوت معنیداری نشان نداد (05/0<P). در روش هضم دو مرحلهای استفاده از سطوح مختلف خارمریم در جیره (بر پایهی جو و ذرت) تأثیر منفی بر قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی توسط کل میکروارگانیسمها نداشت (05/0<P). در جیرههای بر پایه جو، افزایش مقدار خارمریم باعث افزایش عددی قابلیت هضم ماده خشک و NDF نسبت به جیره شاهد شد (05/0<P) درحالیکه در جیره بر پایه ذرت، باعث کاهش ناچیز هضم ماده خشک و NDF شد. در ارتباط با قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی توسط باکتریها روند مشابهی مشاهده شد، با این تفاوت که هضم ماده خشک در جیره بر پایه ذرت نسبت به شاهد کاهش معنیداری داشت (05/0>P). قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی جیرههای آزمایشی توسط باکتریها در محیط کشت اختصاصی باکتری، تحت تأثیر سطوح خارمریم قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). بنابراین نتایج نشان میدهد که میتوان از خارمریم تا 20 درصد جیره گاومیش بدون اثرات منفی بر هضم و تخمیر توسط کل میکروارگانیسمها و باکتریها استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - The Effects of Lysophospholipid on Performance, Ruminal Bacteria and Some Blood Parameters in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows
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Open Access Article
375 - ارتباط افزودنیهای زیستی و شیمیایی با ترکیب مواد مغذی، ضایعات کُل و پروفایل میکروبی و تخمیری سیلوی نیشکر
اچ.ام.سی. اراکی ای.آر. د اُلیویرا جی.آر. گندرا آر.اچ. تی.بی. د گواِس سی.اس. تکیا آ.جی. جکواَنا کا.ام.پی. د اُلیویرا دی.ان. وسکواِس ان.آر. برندااُ کنسلو تی.آ. دل واله ان. دوآن اُرباچهدف از این مطالعه، تعیین اثرات یک تلقیح باکتریایی و افزودنی­های شیمیایی روی ترکیب مواد مغذی، تجزیه آزمایشگاهی، ضایعات کُل، ثبات هوازی، کیفیت میکروبی و پروفایل تخمیری سیلوی نیشکر بوده است. تیمارها در 48 سیلوی کوچک در قالب فاکتوریل 4 × 2 (دو سطح تلقیح میکروبی (I Moreهدف از این مطالعه، تعیین اثرات یک تلقیح باکتریایی و افزودنی­های شیمیایی روی ترکیب مواد مغذی، تجزیه آزمایشگاهی، ضایعات کُل، ثبات هوازی، کیفیت میکروبی و پروفایل تخمیری سیلوی نیشکر بوده است. تیمارها در 48 سیلوی کوچک در قالب فاکتوریل 4 × 2 (دو سطح تلقیح میکروبی (INO، 0 یا 4 گرم به ازای هر تُن نیشکر تازه) و سه افزودنی شیمیایی (CHE، CaO، NaCl و اوره به میزان 10 گرم در هر کیلوگرم)) توزیع شدند. ارتباط INOو اوره بالاترین مقادیر ماده خشک (DM) و فیبر محلول در شوینده خنثی در شرایط تجزیه آزمایشگاهی را داشت. تیمارهای با تلقیح و افزودنی­های شیمیایی ضایعات گازی (گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم) کاهش دادند. رابطه INO و CHE مقدار باکتری­های اسید لاکتیک را افزایش داد. رابطه INO و CHE منجر به اثر هم­افزایی برای کاهش تولید اتانول و افزایش تولید اسید لاکتیک شد. تلقیح و CHE اثر هم­افزایی مثبت بر ضایعات کُل، بازیابی ماده خشک، پروفایل میکروبی و تولید اتانول و اسید لاکتیک داشت. تیمارهای حاوی اوره DM بزرگتر در تجزیه آزمایشگاهی و ثبات هوازی بیشتر در مقایسه با سایر افزودنی­های شیمیایی داشتند. ارتباط INO و CHE اثر مثبتی بر ترکیب شیمیایی، تجزیه آزمایشگاهی، ضایعات کُل، ثبات هوازی و پروفایل میکروبی و تخمیری سیلوی نیشکر داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - بررسی دو سیستم تخمگذار (بستر در مقابل قفس) در تولید تخم مرغ، کیفیت و سلامت
V.G. Stanley D. Nelson M.B. Daleyاین مطالعه برای بررسی اثر دو سیستم تخمگذار (بستر در مقابل قفس) در تولید تخم مرغ، کیفیت تخم مرغ و سلامت میکروبی انجام شد. 188 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار در سن 42 هفته به دو گروه با 90 مرغ تقسیم شدند، و در قفس تخمگذار یا سیستم بستر تخمگذار قرار گرفتند. جمعآوری تخم مرغها به مدت 2 Moreاین مطالعه برای بررسی اثر دو سیستم تخمگذار (بستر در مقابل قفس) در تولید تخم مرغ، کیفیت تخم مرغ و سلامت میکروبی انجام شد. 188 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار در سن 42 هفته به دو گروه با 90 مرغ تقسیم شدند، و در قفس تخمگذار یا سیستم بستر تخمگذار قرار گرفتند. جمعآوری تخم مرغها به مدت 2 هفته انجام شد، و تولید تخم مرغ روزانه، کیفیت تخم مرغ (کل تخم مرغ، سفیده تخم مرغ، زرده و پوسته وزن)، سالم و قابل فروش بودن اندازهگیری شد. مجموع تعداد باکتریها در سطح پوسته تخم مرغ نیز در 0، 4 و 8 ساعت پس از تخمگذاری شمارش شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تولید تخم مرغ روزهای مرغ در سیستم قفس (95 درصد) (05/0P<) بالاتر از تولید مرغ از سیستم بستر (85 درصد) بود، اما تفاوت معنیداری در وزن تخم مرغ، سفیده تخم مرغ، وزن زرده، و یا پوسته وجود نداشت. مرغهای داخل قفس تخمگذاری، به طور قابل توجهی (05/0P<) تولید تخم مرغ قابل عرضه در بازار (95 درصد) بیشتری نسبت به مرغهای روی سیستم بستر (89 درصد) داشتند. به طور معنیداری (05/0P<) تخم مرغهای غیرقابل فروش نیز توسط مرغهای در سیستم بستر (11 درصد) از سیستم قفس (4 درصد) بیشتر بود. شمار باکتری روی پوسته تخم مرغ در مرغهای در سیستم قفس تخمگذار در 0 و 4 ساعت بعد از تخمگذاری (02/4 و 90/5 ورود میلیلیتر CFU/، به ترتیب) از شمار در پوسته تخم مرغهای حاصل از سیستم بستر تخمگذار (58/6 و 25/7 ورود میلیلیترCFU/، به ترتیب) کمتر بود (05/0P<). تفاوت معنیداری در آلودگی تخم مرغهایی که 8 ساعت پس از تخمگذاری جمعآوری شدند، وجود نداشت. یافتهها نشان میدهد مرغها در قفس تخم مرغ بیشتر و با کیفیت بالاتر و آلودگی باکتریایی کمتری از مرغهای نگهداری شده در سیستم بستر تولید میکنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Investigation the Effects of Bacterial Additive and Moisture Absorbent on the Fermentability and Nutrient Composition of Potato Silage
M. Jalili H. Mohammadzadeh A. Hossein-Khani A. Taghizadeh -
Open Access Article
378 - Stress response in cyanobacteria
Maryam Rezayian Vahid Niknam Hassan Ebrahimzadeh -
Open Access Article
379 - Seed Priming With Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Alleviate Salinity Stress In Wheat Plant
Fateme Nasibi Effat Mousavi -
Open Access Article
380 - Culture conditions for induction of hairy roots in medicinal plant Coleus blumei
Salar Hossein Khah Ebrahim Dorani Uliaie Afsaneh Samadi -
Open Access Article
381 - Seed priming with bio-priming improves stand establishment, seed germination and salinity tolerance in canola cultivar (Hayola 401)
Mohammadreza Mousavi Heshmat Omidi -
Open Access Article
382 - Effects of hydro- and bio-priming on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seedlings under drought stress
Saba Dashab Heshmat Omidi -
Open Access Article
383 - An overview of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and their influence on essential oils of medicinal plants: a review article.
Behzad Shokati Zohreh Poudineh -
Open Access Article
384 - بررسی اثر کود پتاسمی زیستی و شیمیایی روی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پروانش (Catharanthus roseus Cv. ‘Acillata’)
مریم جدید سلیماندارابی داود هاشم آبادی فاطمه زارع دوستمطالعه حاضر بهمنظور بررسی اثر کود پتاسه زیستی و شیمیایی روی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پروانش انجام شد. بدینمنظور آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 2 فاکتور: 1) روش­های مختلف کاربرد کود بیولوژیک پتاسه (شاهد (B0)، بذرمال (B1)، ریشه مال (B2)، بذرمال × ریشه Moreمطالعه حاضر بهمنظور بررسی اثر کود پتاسه زیستی و شیمیایی روی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پروانش انجام شد. بدینمنظور آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 2 فاکتور: 1) روش­های مختلف کاربرد کود بیولوژیک پتاسه (شاهد (B0)، بذرمال (B1)، ریشه مال (B2)، بذرمال × ریشهمال (B3)) و 2) سطوح مختلف پتاسیم شیمیایی (0 (K0)، 100 (K1)، 200 (K2) و 300 (K3) میلیگرم در لیتر) در 3 تکرار و 48 واحد آزمایشی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عمر گلدانی متعلق به تیمار ریشهمال × 100 میلیگرم در لیتر پتاسیم شیمیایی (58/35 روز) بود. بیشترین تعداد شاخه جانبی (66/3)، تعداد برگ (88/42)، وزن تر بوته (69/17 گرم)، تعداد گل (46/4) و کلروفیل a (61/10 میلیگرم در هر گرم وزن تر) به تیمار بذرمال × 300 میلیگرم در لیتر پتاسیم شیمیایی اختصاص داشت. تیمار ریشه مال × 200 میلی­گرم در لیتر پتاسیم شیمیایی برترین تیمار در صفت پتاسیم گیاه (9/28 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) بود. بیشترین مقدار آنتوسیانین گلبرگ (04/178 میلیگرم در 100 گرم وزن خشک) در تیمار "بذرمال × ریشهمال" × بدون پتاسیم شیمیایی مشاهده شد. مناسبترین تیمار جهت بهبود خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گل پروانش تیمار بذرها با کود بیولوژیک و 300 میلی­گرم در لیتر پتاسیم شیمیایی معرفی می­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - بررسی اثر اسانس شوید و زیره سبز بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و میکروبیولوژیکی گل شاخه بریده آلسترومریا
مطهره ارشاد لنگرودی داود هاشم آبادی سپیده کلاته جاری لیلا اسدپورآلسترومریا یکی از مهمترین گل­های شاخه بریده در جهان محسوب می­شود. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر اسانس شوید و زیره سبز بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و میکروبیولوژیکی گل شاخه بریده آلسترومریا است. اسانس بذور این دو گیاه به روش تقطیر هیدروژن و با دستگاه GC جدا شده و با دست Moreآلسترومریا یکی از مهمترین گل­های شاخه بریده در جهان محسوب می­شود. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر اسانس شوید و زیره سبز بر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و میکروبیولوژیکی گل شاخه بریده آلسترومریا است. اسانس بذور این دو گیاه به روش تقطیر هیدروژن و با دستگاه GC جدا شده و با دستگاه GC/MS ترکیبات موجود در نمونه­ها تعیین شد. این آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل در طرح کاملا تصادفی با دو فاکتور انجام گرفت. اسانس شوید و زیره سبز که هر کدام با دو غلظت مختلف (50 و 100 میلی­گرم/ لیتر)، عامل دوم روش­های مورد استفاده (قبل از برداشت، پس از برداشت) بود. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از اسانس شوید 100میلی­گرم/ لیتر در قبل از برداشت، بهترین روش برای همه صفات است. 11 کلنی باکتری در انتهای ساقه گل آلسترومریا بریده شناخته شدند که شاملE-coli، Enterobacter، Klebsiella، Proteus، Serratia، Citrobacter، Pseudomonas، Staphylococcus aureus، استرپتوکوک، Bacillus cereus و Actinomycetes است. کاربرد قبل از برداشت اسانس شوید (100 میلی­گرم/ لیتر) در بهبود ویژگی­های مرتبط با ماندگاری گل بریده آلسترومریا بهترین اثر را داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - تاثیر تابش نور آبی و غلظت های مختلف نانوسیلور بر عمر گلجایی و صفات دخیل بر حفظ کیفیت پس از برداشت گلهای شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’ناپولی‘
مهرآسا انوری داود هاشم آبادی بهزاد کاویانی لیلا اسدپورکاربرد نور آبی در مرحله پس از برداشت گل­های شاخه بریده روشی جدید جهت بهبود عمر گلجایی است. از این­رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر مدت زمان­های مختلف تابش نور آبی (6، 12، 18 و 24 ساعت) و تیمار پالس نانوسیلور (5، 10، 15 و 20 میلی­گرم در لیتر) بر عمر گ Moreکاربرد نور آبی در مرحله پس از برداشت گل­های شاخه بریده روشی جدید جهت بهبود عمر گلجایی است. از این­رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر مدت زمان­های مختلف تابش نور آبی (6، 12، 18 و 24 ساعت) و تیمار پالس نانوسیلور (5، 10، 15 و 20 میلی­گرم در لیتر) بر عمر گلجایی و صفات وابسته به آن در گل­های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’ناپولی‘ اجرا شد. از ساکارز 3 درصد به­عنوان تیمار شاهد استفاده شد. این آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عمر گلجایی متعلق به تیمارهای 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور (66/22 روز) است که از نظر آماری با تیمارهای 12 ساعت نور آبی (00/22 روز) و 20 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور (66/21 روز) تفاوت معناداری نداشت. کمترین کاهش وزن تر به­ترتیب با کاربرد 18 و 12ساعت نور آبی و 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور بدست آمد. بیشترین درصد ماده خشک (34/57 درصد) با کاربرد 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور بدست آمد. گل­هایی که به مدت 12 ساعت با نور آبی تیمار شدند دارای بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a و b (به­ترتیب با 52/2 و 27/1 میلی­گرم در هر گرم وزن تر)، بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز (26/5 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) و کمترین فعالیت آنزیم پلی­فنل اکسیداز (007/0 میکرومول در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) بودند. کمترین باکتری محلول گلجایی با کاربرد 15 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور و بیشترین پروتئین گلبرگ با کاربرد 24 ساعت نور آبی حاصل شد. نانوسیلور در کنترل و مهار باکتری­های گرم منفی و نور آبی در کنترل و مهار باکتری­های گرم مثبت در محلول گلجایی موثر بودند. با توجه به نتایج می­توان نور آبی را به­عنوان یک عامل فیزیکی موثر در حفظ عمر گلجایی و صفات وابسته به آن در گل­های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’ناپولی‘ معرفی کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - Biological Inhibition of Thuja Collar and Root Rot Using Some Antagonistic Bacteria
Hadi Rahanandeh Shoaib GhadimiRoot and collar rot of Thuja caused by Fusarium oxysporum is one of the important diseases in Thuja cultivation. In this research, the effect of eight bacterial strains of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezen MoreRoot and collar rot of Thuja caused by Fusarium oxysporum is one of the important diseases in Thuja cultivation. In this research, the effect of eight bacterial strains of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezensis, Pseudomonas flurescens, Pseudomonas koreensi and Pseudomonas putida in controlling this disease was investigated in the laboratory. Among them, based on the dual culture test and observation of the inhibition zone, B. velezensis and B. subtilis had the highest inhibition with 9.33% and 5.6%, respectively. In the study of the effectiveness of non-simultaneous antifungal volatile compounds, P. flurescens had the highest inhibition with 58.33%. The simultaneous volatile compounds of P. koreensi, P. flurescens, B. pumilus, and B. megaterium completely controlled the disease agent. In the study of the effect of filtered extracellular liquid metabolites on the growth of the pathogen colony, it was observed that with the increase in the concentration of the metabolites, the inhibition percentage of the growth of the pathogen colony by all bacterial strains increases. The best strains against F. oxysporum were B. velezensis, B. subtilis, and B. pumilus strains, which in 25% concentration were 50, 72.27 and 86.67%, respectively, and in 15% concentration B. pumilus strain was 66. 75% and B. velezensis strain with 46.66% inhibition, and at 5% concentration, B. pumilus strain with 44% inhibited the growth of the fungal colony. In the protease production test, all isolates were able to produce protease. Only P. fluorescent strain was able to produce a siderophore. In the microscopic studies, all the investigated strains caused morphological changes, fusion of different parts of the filaments, and destruction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - Inhibition of Tea Root Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus Loosi, by rhizospher bacteria
H. Rahanandeh G. Khodakaramian N. Hassanzadeh A. Seraji S.M. Asghari A.R. TarangRoot-lesion disease, which is caused by Pratylenchus loosi , is one of the most important diseases currently impacting Iran tea plantations. This disease causes great economic crop impacts. Northern provinces, which supply much of Iran’s tea production, have been MoreRoot-lesion disease, which is caused by Pratylenchus loosi , is one of the most important diseases currently impacting Iran tea plantations. This disease causes great economic crop impacts. Northern provinces, which supply much of Iran’s tea production, have been especially hard impact by root-lesion disease.The purpose of this study was to biological control the nematodes as one of the main sections and sustainable agriculture in integrated management systems, allowing application of Bacillus subtilis in the rhizosphere of tea plants infected with the root lesion nematode. In order to study this disease, more than fifty bacterial strains were collected from the rhizosphere area of the tea plants and screened for their antagonistic activities on the reduction of the density population of the adult and juvenile of Pratylenchus loosi under in-vitro condition. Four selected isolates with nematicidal activities were characterized and identified. All belonged to the species Bacillus subtilis. Death percentage of juveniles ranged from 62.88% to 86.01% for Bacillus subtilis (Rh-14) and (Rh-18), respectively. All bacterial strains isolated in this study had the ability to produce protease. The information obtained was needed as the first step toward the search for control strategies of root-lesion disease in tea plantations in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Improving the water use efficiency, greenness index, and wheat grain yield under various irrigation regions using biofertilizer
Abolghasem Moradgholi Hamidreza Mobasser Hamidreza Ganjali Hamidreza Fanaie Ahmad MehrabanDrought is one of the most important nonliving stresses affecting the growth of plants, thereby limiting the agricultural yield of the plant. Measures including presenting information for improving the drought risk management, improving planning for more effective react MoreDrought is one of the most important nonliving stresses affecting the growth of plants, thereby limiting the agricultural yield of the plant. Measures including presenting information for improving the drought risk management, improving planning for more effective reaction to drought, investment on disaster risk reduction (DRR), and presenting an environment for minimizing the general risks lead to enhanced endurance, as well as prevention or reduction of future drought risks along with maintaining livelihoods. This research was performed in two agricultural years as split court experiments in the form of fully randomized block with four replications. Various conditions of soil humidity were considered as the main treatment at three along with the treatment of biofertilizers at seven levels, considered as secondary treatments. The study results indicated that various humidity conditions of the leaf relative water content (RWC), the greenness index of leaves (SPAD), chlorophyll a and b, as well as the grain yield became significant. With increase in the severity of stress, their values decreased suggesting their sensitivity to changes in the status of soil water and the leaf water potential. Usage of azotobacter and Phosphobacteria biofertilizers resulted in significant elevation of SPAD, RWC, chlorophyll a and b, as well as grain yield compared to the nonuse of biofertilizers. The effects of combined use of microorganisms led to compensation of the water stress damages. Generally, considering water deficit conditions and temperature elevation resulting from climate change, use of microorganisms as seed priming can considerably reduce these risks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - The Effect of Biological and Chemical Fertilizer Managing on Morphological Traits and Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.) in Ramhormoz- Iran
Shahin Akbari Mahroo Mojtabaie Zamani In order to evaluate the effect of integrated application of the combined chemical -farmyard manure and bio-fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn (S.C.703), in summer 2016, an experiment was conducted as split plot in randomized complete bo More In order to evaluate the effect of integrated application of the combined chemical -farmyard manure and bio-fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn (S.C.703), in summer 2016, an experiment was conducted as split plot in randomized complete bock design with three replications in Ramhormoz - Iran. The main plots were consisting of four levels of chemical fertilizer (100, 50 and 25% of recommended NPK and no chemical fertilizer application (use of farmyard manure), and sub plots were consisting of three levels (no-inoculation; inoculation of seeds with biofertilizers containing growth-promoting bacteria and phosphate and potassium Solubilizing Bacteria (Azeto Barvar+Phosphate Barvar+Peta Barvar); seed inoculation with biofertilizers containing bacteria+Aspergillus fungus). The highest grain yield belonged to the 100% NPK, but between the two levels of 100 and 50% NPK consumption in terms of plant leaf number, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row and 1000-grain weight there was no significance difference. Grain yield and yield components were affected by biofertilizer application and there was no significant difference between the two levels of seed inoculation with biofertilizers containing bacteria and seed inoculation with biofertilizers containing bacteria+Aspergillus. In case of non-inoculation of seeds, with 50% reduction of NPK consumption, grain yield decreased by about 24%. However, by inoculation of seeds with biofertilizers containing bacteria and 50% reduction of NPK consumption, grain yield compared to 100% NPK consumption without inoculation Seeds was decreased about 12%. Therefore, co-inoculation of seeds with Azeto Barvar, Phosphate Barvar and Peta Barvar biofertilizers in combination with 50% of the recommended consumption of NPK chemical fertilizer is considered suitable for corn cultivation in Ramhormoz region due to reducing the cost of chemical inputs and preventing environmental pollution Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - The effect of glucose, sucrose, lactose carbon sources on the growth of Alcaligenes eutrophus for the production of polyhydroxybutyrate
atefeh farjadmanesh seyed ahmad ataeiBackground & Objectives: Polyhydroxyalkanates are a group of polymers that are produced by many bacteria when they enter the growing phase in the presence of mineral sources. The Objective of this study is investigattion of the different culture containing carbon so MoreBackground & Objectives: Polyhydroxyalkanates are a group of polymers that are produced by many bacteria when they enter the growing phase in the presence of mineral sources. The Objective of this study is investigattion of the different culture containing carbon sources of glucose, sucrose, lactose, combination of these carbon sources, on the growth of Alcaligenes eutrophus to produce biodegradable polymers of hydroxy butyrate-valerate. Materials & Methods: In this study Alcaligenes eutrophus was identified In order to producing of hydroxybutyrate-valerate and investigation of the effect of the different carbon sources on the production. To perform experiments, in fed-batch mode, acetic acid and propionic acid combination with acetic acid as a source of volatile fatty acid was added to the culture in a stepwise manner. The culture with inoculated bacteri were transferred to incubator at 32°C, 120 rpm and retention time of 72 hours, for to incubation and polymer production. Results: The results of this study showed that the source of glucose as carbon with acetic acid produced the highest amount of hydroxybutyrate-valerate (HB= 3.4860 g/l and HV=0.7940 g/l). Also, the lowest amount of hydroxybutyrate production (HB= 2.3124 g/l) is Because of using sucrose as the carbon source and the combination of acetic acid and propionic acid. Conclusion: The results showed that Alcaligenes eutrophus used carbon source of glucose and fatty acid source of acetic acid more than other sources of carbon Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - The expression and secretion of Human papilloma L1 heterologous protein of genotype11 in lactobacillus
Akram Amani Parvaneh Jafari Rodabeh Behzadi Andohjerdi Jalil FallahBackground: Human papillomavirus is a virus that transmitted through sexual intercourse and direct contact between human skin. Among the different strains of this virus, strains 18 and 16 are the most common strains in the development of cervical cancer, and also strain MoreBackground: Human papillomavirus is a virus that transmitted through sexual intercourse and direct contact between human skin. Among the different strains of this virus, strains 18 and 16 are the most common strains in the development of cervical cancer, and also strains 11 and 6 are the most common strains in the development of genital lesions or genital warts. In this study, we used strain 11 capsid for secretory protein production Large L1 in the Lactobacillus host.Materials and Methods: To produce L1 protein from human papillomavirus, recombinant protein production methods were used by cloning the L1 gene of this virus into a vector expressed in a prokaryotic host such as Lactobacillus, which was analyzed by SDS-PAGE methods. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting have been evaluated to confirm the expression of the protein.Results: Nucleotide bands were confirmed in the gene fragment amplification experiment in gel electrophoresis as well as the observation of protein bands in SDS-PAGE and Western blot gels.Conclusion: By using the production of pathogenic protein in human papillomavirus by the recombinant method and in the bacterial host Lactobacillus, which is a fluorescence of the female reproductive system, can be used in the future to prevent and treat diseases associated with strain 11 of this virus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - Synthesis and characterization of iron-phosphonate (Fe-DTPMP) nanoparticle and investigating their anti-bacterial activities
سیده زهرا موسوی کیش بیژن ممبنی گوداژدرIn this study, Organic-inorganic iron-phosphonate nano-catalyst was prepared by using Iron (ΙΙ) chloride with a basic solution of diethylene triamine-penta (methylene phosphonate). The size of nanoparticles was controlled by cetyl tri-methyel ammonium bromide MoreIn this study, Organic-inorganic iron-phosphonate nano-catalyst was prepared by using Iron (ΙΙ) chloride with a basic solution of diethylene triamine-penta (methylene phosphonate). The size of nanoparticles was controlled by cetyl tri-methyel ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant. The structure of the synthesized Fe@DTPMP nanomaterials was fully characterized by using different methods such as FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM analyze confirmed a hollow spherical micromorphology with well-defined porosity. In the presence of surfactant, the nanoparticles have a spherical structure and particle size of about 20-30 nm. The magnetization of synthesized nanoparticles in a field with a strength of 15KOe is about 5 emu/g. The TGA analysis demonstrates significant catalyst stability against heat, so that there is no specific failure at temperatures up to 300 ° C. The antibacterial test of this nanoparticle showed that these materials prevented the growth of the gram-negative and positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, colic Oshirshiyya). These nanoparticles created a halo 14-16 mm in diameter in their surroundings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - Synthesis of Chitosan-Folic acid/ Magnetite Nanocomposite from Shrimp Shells and its Antibacterial Activities on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Juliet Ordoukhanian Shahla Mozaffari Narges Ajami Shima NahalIn this study, by preparing chitosan from shrimp shell which is low- cost and available, the degradable and biocompatible nanocomposite from folic acid functionalized chitosan was obtained by the addition of magnetite nanoparticles. First, by adding folic acid in an aci MoreIn this study, by preparing chitosan from shrimp shell which is low- cost and available, the degradable and biocompatible nanocomposite from folic acid functionalized chitosan was obtained by the addition of magnetite nanoparticles. First, by adding folic acid in an acidic medium to the prepared chitosan, the chitosan-folic acid derivative was obtained via ultrasonic dispersion. Then, by adding it to the solution of magnetite nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation method from Fe (II) and Fe (III) salts by addition of ammonia solution, chitosan- folic acid/ magnetite nanocomposite was prepared which has special antibacterial properties on some pathogenic microorganisms. The properties of the prepared nanocomposite were investigated by Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results of antibacterial tests showed that both the derivatives prepared from chitosan at the concentration of 200 μg/ml could inhibit the growth of gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - Synthesis of graphitic silicon carbide (g-SiC) from gelatin and silica foam for photocatalytic removal of organic and biological pollutants in water
maryam afsharpour aref rostamiIn this research, porous graphitic silicon carbide (g-SiC) doped with nitrogen was synthesized as a metal-free photocatalyst by using silica foam as a silicon source and gelatin as a carbon source. The photocatalytic property of this compound was evaluated in the photoc MoreIn this research, porous graphitic silicon carbide (g-SiC) doped with nitrogen was synthesized as a metal-free photocatalyst by using silica foam as a silicon source and gelatin as a carbon source. The photocatalytic property of this compound was evaluated in the photocatalytic removal of azo dyes and gram positive and negative bacteria in visible light. The g-SiC showed a very high potential to remove organic pollutants (99 % in 10 minutes) compared to commercial SiC (8 % in 10 minutes). This enhancement in photocatalytic performance is related to the graphenic structure of this compound, which increases electron transfers and reduces the rate of recombination. Also, the oxygen molecules which dissolved in water can adsorbed on positive charged Si atoms in g-SiC structure and produce oxygenated radicals. These radicals can accelerate photocatalytic reactions as an active species. On the other hand, the use of silica foam increases the surface area, and with the nitrogen doping from the gelatin source, more structural defects, higher absorption, and a smaller band gap are created in the structure, which increases the photocatalytic activity. The obtained results show that this compound can remove azo dyes up to 100% and bacteria up to 80%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial activities of novel nanocomposite films chitosan/phosphorus triamide/Fe3O4 NPs
samad yarahmadi niloufar dorosti maryam pas abdul naser mohammadiIn this work, new nano-composite of chitosan/phosphorus triamide with Fe3O4 NPs (1, 2.5, 5%) was prepared. The Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized at size of about 18-24 nm with a spherical morphology through co-precipitation method by using FeCl3.9H2O and FeCl2.4H2O salts. The MoreIn this work, new nano-composite of chitosan/phosphorus triamide with Fe3O4 NPs (1, 2.5, 5%) was prepared. The Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized at size of about 18-24 nm with a spherical morphology through co-precipitation method by using FeCl3.9H2O and FeCl2.4H2O salts. The phosphorus triamide derivative was synthesized from the reaction of tert-butylamine with phosphoryl chloride. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of chitosan, phosphorus triamide, Fe3O4 NPs, chitosan/phosphorus triamide, and chitosan/phosphorus triamide/1-5% Fe3O4 NPs were investigated and the results confirmed the formation of the desired films. Further, morphology and the size of nanoparticles were investigated by changing ultrasonic frequency (37 and 80 Hz) and power (30, 60, and 100 W). The in vitro antibacterial activities were evaluated against two gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) and one gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria. Nanocomposite containing higher percent of Fe3O4 NPs showed more antibacterial activities. Results also displayed greater antibacterial effects against B. cereus bacterium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - Application of Nano Hydrogels In Improving The Performance Of Wound Dressings and Drug Delivery: A Review Study
MohammadHossein Karami Majid Abdouss MohammadReza Kalaee Omid MoradiOne of the most common clinical diseases is skin scarring, which is defined as damage to the structure or integrity of skin tissue. Nanohydrogel can help in sustained release of drug by entrapping drug or loading drugs and thus promote wound healing. A hydrogel is a thr MoreOne of the most common clinical diseases is skin scarring, which is defined as damage to the structure or integrity of skin tissue. Nanohydrogel can help in sustained release of drug by entrapping drug or loading drugs and thus promote wound healing. A hydrogel is a three-dimensional hydrophilic network that is insoluble in water or aqueous solutions and is able to absorb water or other biological fluids that can promote wound healing. Various nano hydrogels have been designed to improve the design of wound dressings, and nano hydrogels are also used in drug release. The advantage of hydrogels over traditional wound dressings is their ability to improve the wound and the wound healing process. Hydrogels meet most criteria for modern wound dressings due to their unique properties. Among the unique properties of nano-hydrogels, we can mention the ability to absorb wound secretions, maintain a moist environment, gas exchange, remove the dressing from the wound surface without pain and replace the dressing for the patient, ease of movement for surgery. In this research, an overview of the use of nano-hydrogels in improving the performance of wound dressings and drug delivery, along with the investigation of antibacterial properties, introduction of commercial wound dressings and wound healing mechanisms, has been discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - *Corresponding author Email:Journal of Applied Research in Chemistry143JARCStudy of biological activity of sulfonamide-schiff bases compounds coating with zinc (II) and copper(II) micro oxides
محمد یوسفی مژگان تحریری معصومه طباطبایی خیراله مهرانی محمود دهقانی اشکذریIn this study, two sulfonamide – Schiff base compounds "N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide and 1,2-bis(2-hydrxy-3-methoxy-benzylidenehydrazine) (1) and N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-nitrobenzenesulfonohydrazide and 1,2-bis( MoreIn this study, two sulfonamide – Schiff base compounds "N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide and 1,2-bis(2-hydrxy-3-methoxy-benzylidenehydrazine) (1) and N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-nitrobenzenesulfonohydrazide and 1,2-bis(2-hydrxy-3-methoxy-benzylidenehydrazine) (2)" were synthesized by sulfonyl chloride and Schiff base compounds. Copper and zinc oxides were coated by synthesized compounds and were tested for antibacterial activity. All compounds were identified by NMR and FTIR spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and elemental analysis. Scanning Electron Microscope SEM was used for the morphology of micro metal oxides before and after coating with Sulfonamide-Schiff bases compounds. Accordingly, antibacterial activity of compounds against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Proteus mirabilis) were tested. It should be noted that both have high antimicrobial activities. The result of the study shows that the antibacterial activities of the synthesized sulfonamide-schiff bases against gram positive and gram negative bacteria decrease after coating on micro metal oxides. It is also worth mentioning that Ampicilin and Penicilin have been utilized as two standard medicines for investigating the antibacterial activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - Efficient and green synthesis of the ninhydrin-pyrogallol adducts in an ionic liquid and investigation of their antibacterial and synergistic effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
shiva khalil moghadam Ashraf Sadat shah velayati atousa AliahmadiAntimicrobial resistance of bacteria is one of the greatest challenges that threatens human health. In order to introduce new compounds with antibacterial effects, two derivatives of ninhydrin-pyroglycol adducts were synthesized by condensation reaction in an ionic liqu MoreAntimicrobial resistance of bacteria is one of the greatest challenges that threatens human health. In order to introduce new compounds with antibacterial effects, two derivatives of ninhydrin-pyroglycol adducts were synthesized by condensation reaction in an ionic liquid as a green solvent and their effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from hospitalized patients in Taleghani Hospital was investigated. To determine the lowest bacterial growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) broth micro-dilution method was used. Chloramphenicol was used as standard antibiotic. Comparison of the results of two synthetic samples showed that pyrogallol-ninhydrin adduct 1:1 versus the above bacteria was superior to pyrogallol-ninhydrin adduct 1:2. Synergistic antibacterial effects study of 200 µg/ml of pyrogallol-ninhydrin adduct 1:2 or 100 µg/ml of pyrogallol-ninhydrin adduct 1:1 plus chloramphenicol series, showed that the concentration of chloramphenicol growth inhibitors decreased to 50 µg/ml. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - Preparation of nylon 6,6 – Ag nanocomposite and characterization of its morphological and antibacterial properties
مریم فربودی ندا ایارهIn this research, silver nanoparticles were deposited on nylon 6,6 fibers with different methods including chemical, ultrasonic, and using colloidal silver solution. Also, the non-fiber nanocomposite of nylon 6,6-silver was prepared by dissolution of nylon 6,6 in formic MoreIn this research, silver nanoparticles were deposited on nylon 6,6 fibers with different methods including chemical, ultrasonic, and using colloidal silver solution. Also, the non-fiber nanocomposite of nylon 6,6-silver was prepared by dissolution of nylon 6,6 in formic acid in the presence of silver nanoparticles and extracted by acetone antisolvent. The morphological properties, antibacterial properties, elemental analysis, and wash durability of prepared samples were examined. SEM images and EDS analysis confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles on nylon 6,6 in prepared samples before and after washing. The antibacterial capability of the samples were determined before and after washing against gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) and gram negative bacteria (E.coli) using resazurin color change. The obtained results confirmed, the sample prepared by ultrasonic method has the most effective antibacterial property before and after washing. According to the results of morphological observation and elemental analysis, it is due to the high amount and uniform deposition of silver on the fiber surface. Also, according to the results, non-fiber nylon6,6-silver nanocomposite has the weakest antibacterial property and other samples have intermediate properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - Investigation of the release kinetics of strong optical photosensor Hypericin from Poly (e-caprolacton) nanofibrous mat
محمودرضا سهرابی فائقه پورحجت شهاب شریعتیTransdermal drug delivery systems with controlled release are a useful device for local transfer of pharmaceutical components to the damaged site and healthy layers of the skin. These devices are particularly suitable for wound healing in cases where long-term treatment MoreTransdermal drug delivery systems with controlled release are a useful device for local transfer of pharmaceutical components to the damaged site and healthy layers of the skin. These devices are particularly suitable for wound healing in cases where long-term treatment and frequent wound dressing exchange are needed. In this research, due to the superior feature of nanofibers, high surface to volume ratio, electrospinning technique was used to make dressings, for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), using biocompatible and biodegradable polymers such as poly (Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL). Optimized conditions (voltage, flow rate nozzle to collector distance rotation) for obtaining nanofibers PCL/Extract (10, 30, 50%V/V) are as follows: Voltage of 12kV for nanofibers PCL and PCL-E50, and 20kV for PCL-E10 and PCL-E30, flow rate of 0.1ml/h for PCL and PCL-E50, and 0.5 ml/h for PCL-E10 and PCL-E30, and distance of 100 mm for all the nanofibers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - Evaluation on cross-linked nano microbial cellulose properties as bone scaffold
نیلوفر ادیب عشق ابوسعید رشیدی امین مفتاحی -
Open Access Article
403 - Modification of Bacterial Cellulose Rehydration via Cross-linking with Succinic Acid
امین مفتاحی مهشاد سعادت کاشف صابری سمیه علی بخشی -
Open Access Article
404 - Study of using whey protein in Common Kilka Fish and its quality during cold storage
M. Seifzadeh A. A. Motallebi M. T. MazlomiThis project was carried out with the aim of increasing shelf life of Kilka Fish and prevent color change during cold storage. Three replicates were used for each method. Whey protein with 3 and 9 % concentrations were used for fish packaging at time 0. Cleaned Kilka fi MoreThis project was carried out with the aim of increasing shelf life of Kilka Fish and prevent color change during cold storage. Three replicates were used for each method. Whey protein with 3 and 9 % concentrations were used for fish packaging at time 0. Cleaned Kilka fish were packaged in disposable dishes and covered by cellophane were used to control the samples. The samples were kept at -18 oC. Examinations were carried out for a period of six months. Total bacterial count and Staphylococcus bacteria count were lower in the samples covered with 9% concentration compared with the other samples. The Coliform, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonasbacteria contamination were negative until the end of storage period in the covered and control samples. Moisture, protein, fat and ash were higher in the samples covered with 9% concentration compared with the other samples. Peroxide value, TVN and pH were lower in the samples covered with 9% concentration compared with other samples. Statistically significant differences were observed in their bacterial counts, chemical factors and total acceptance index (p< 0.05). Sensory analysis carried out to the ranking method. Samples covered with 9% concentration compared with the samples covered with 3% concentration had a better quality. The covered samples had a favorable quality until the end of storage period. But control samples lost their quality after three months. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - Effect of temperature and nitrogen on the changing trend in the cyanobacteria in southern part of Caspian Sea (the Stretch between Tonekabon and Amirabad)
M. Mahdavi T. Maktabi M. Roostaie F. khaksar M. EmtyazjooChanges in abundance and biomass of cyanobacteria have been studied in the southern part of the Caspian Sea (the stretch between Tonekabon and Amirabad) in four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter) in which samples were taken from five depths of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 10 MoreChanges in abundance and biomass of cyanobacteria have been studied in the southern part of the Caspian Sea (the stretch between Tonekabon and Amirabad) in four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter) in which samples were taken from five depths of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 meters in the stations of Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar and Amirabad. Samples were fixed with formalin (2%) before transferring to the lab for both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results of this study showed higher abundance and biomass of cyanobacteria in euphotic layer compared to aphotic layer. Temperature, ammonium, nitrate and nitrite levels have shown significant differences (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
406 - Joint Coordination of Wind Farms and Pumped Storage Plants in Generation Scheduling Using Modified Particle Swarm Optimization with Bacteria Foraging Concept
Hassan Siahkali -
Open Access Article
407 - Composition and antibacterial activity of the chemical essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare and Eucalyptus to control some important plant pathogenic bacteria
mitra omidi nasab Milad AeiniOne of the most significant current discussions is approaching the antibacterial activity of essential oil to control plant pathogenic agents. Current study aimed to characterize chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Foeniculum vulgare and Eucalyptus to con MoreOne of the most significant current discussions is approaching the antibacterial activity of essential oil to control plant pathogenic agents. Current study aimed to characterize chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Foeniculum vulgare and Eucalyptus to control some plant pathogenic bacteria in-vitro. In the present study, essential oil components of Foeniculum vulgare and Eucalyptus were subjected to Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, their minimum inhibitory concentration and antibacterial inhibitory on some plant pathogenic bacteria were determined. GC-MS analysis showed that the main component of the essential oil of F. vulgare were p-cymene, (30.18%), Cuminal (24.74%), 2-beta pinene (11.81%), while Eucalyptus were 1,8 cineol (47.87%), 1-alpha pinene (17.94%), p-cymene (7.91%) and Limonene (7.68%). Also, minimum inhibitory concentration was 3.79 µg/ml and 8.54 µg/ml for F. vulgare and Eucalyptus, respectively. Results of the antimicrobial investigation demonstrated that F. vulgare had the highest inhibition diameter of 4.4 centimeters in Clavibacter michiganensis. In Eucalyptus essential oil, highest inhibition zone (4.3 centimeters) were attributed to Erwinia amylovora. Results showed that by increasing the concentration, antibacterial activity increases. Our findings provide a rational basis of a novel emerging alternative to antimicrobial treatments in plant disease management programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - Identification of some heterocystous cyanobacteria isolated from rice fields of Mazandaran province with emphasis on multi-genic approach
Sara Kabirnataj Ghorban Ali Nematzadeh Ahmad Farhad Talebi Meisam Tabatabai Prashant SinghBackground & Objectives: In the past, the classification of cyanobacteria was only based on the morphological characteristics; however other markers such as accurate molecular methods have been recently used. This study aimed to identify several heterocystous cyanob MoreBackground & Objectives: In the past, the classification of cyanobacteria was only based on the morphological characteristics; however other markers such as accurate molecular methods have been recently used. This study aimed to identify several heterocystous cyanobacteria by polyphasic taxonomy and to investigate the multigenic approach in enhancing the accuracy of cyanobacterial identification. Materials & Methods: After analyzing the morphological features and initial identification, the 16SrRNA gene along with tufA, rbcL, psbA, and rpoC1 functional genes were used to evaluate the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships. For this purpose, after DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing of gene fragments, the exact position of the strains was determined by making phylogenetic trees, based on the corresponding genes using MEGA software. Results: Among the functional genes studied, the rpoC1 gene was able to discriminate genera very well, a result that completely confirmed 16SrRNA phylogenetic results. Finally based on the results, 4 samples from the Desmonostoc genus and 2 samples from the Calothrix genus were introduced. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate the ability of the rpoC1 gene to discriminate genera correctly and confirm the morphological and phylogenetic results of 16SrRNA gene analysis. A phylogenetic study using the rpoC1 gene marker helps to clarify phylogenetic relationships among cyanobacteria. Moreover, it provides further evidence of their chloroplast origin and the presence of different evolutionary pathways among them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - Synthesis analysis and antibacterial activity of selenium nanoparticles produced by Pseudomonas alcaligenes
morahem ashengroph Seyedeh Roya HosseiniBackground & Objectives: Selenium nanoparticles have a wide range application in industry, biomedical and environmental fields due to their unique physical, chemical and photoelectrical properties. This study was aimed to use aquatic bacteria in bioreduction of sele MoreBackground & Objectives: Selenium nanoparticles have a wide range application in industry, biomedical and environmental fields due to their unique physical, chemical and photoelectrical properties. This study was aimed to use aquatic bacteria in bioreduction of selenite oxyanioninto elemental nano-selenium. Materials & Methods: Synthesized selenium nanoparticles were characterized by spectroscopic analysis and electromicrographs prepared by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The efficacy of the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized selenium nanoparticles against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria was also investigated by the agar well diffusion test. Results: Sixteen selenite-resistant bacterial strains were isolated based on selective enrichment techniques in Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) medium containing 5 mM selenite ion. Our results showed that Pseudomonas alcaligenes SR5 coastal seawater isolate can reduce selenite oxyanion into selenium nanoparticles. Furthermore, the results showed that extracellular selenium nanoparticles with an average size of 36 nm were formed in an optimum selenite concentration of 3 mM and an optimum initial biomass concentration of 15 g/l, following 96 h incubation at 25ᵒ C at (200 rpm under resting cell condition. Conclusion: The current study is the first report on extracellular synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using P. alcaligenes. The produced bio-nanoparticles showed a growth inhibitory effect against four tested pathogenic bacterial strains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - The effect of rice endophyte bacteria on controlling Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae and expression of phenylalanine ammonia-liase gene in coexistence with Bacillus subtilis
Hadis Yousefi Nader Hasanzadeh Keivan Behboudi Farid Beiki FirouzjahiBackground & Objectives: Rice bacterial blight is one of the major factors limiting global rice production. Though the most effective method for controlling this disease is using resistant varieties, they are not stable in farm conditions due to high variability and MoreBackground & Objectives: Rice bacterial blight is one of the major factors limiting global rice production. Though the most effective method for controlling this disease is using resistant varieties, they are not stable in farm conditions due to high variability and rapid evolution of pathogenic races. This study was aimed to evaluate rice endophyte bacteria's ability to improving plant growth and biologically controlling Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.Materials & Methods: At the first screening of endophyte isolates was performed to evaluate antagonistic activity against Xanthomonas in tryptic soy agar medium. The stimulation of plant growth by bacterial endophytes was assessed under the growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. The effect of bacterial isolates on disease severity and some rice growth factors under greenhouse conditions were determined, as well. In the final stage, the expression of the Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene by endophytic isolate Bacillus subtilis was evaluated using real-time PCR.Results: In terms of rice seed seedling vigor index, OS40, OS23, OS43, and OS31 isolates had a significant statistical effect as compared to control. Moreover, the use of OS3, OS23, OS31, and OS40 endophytes increased plant growth parameters. OS40 and OS23 bacterial inoculants were more successful in reducing the severity of the disease and the promotion of plant growth. PAL expression level during the experiment period was significantly higher and faster in plants treated with OS40than those treated only with Xanthomonas- isolates.Conclusion: Rice bacterial endophytes could increase plant growth and reduce disease severity, thus they can be considered as a promising and environmentally- a friendly strategy for sustainable agriculture development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - Genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a narrow host-range Iranian strain of Xanthmonas citri sub. citri, NIGEB-88
Amir Jalali Seyed Mehdi Alavi Mohammad Hossein SangtarashBackground & Objectives: Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is the causal agent of citrus bacterial canker. In Iran, for the first time, Alizadeh and Rahimian reported the presence of Xcc on Mexican lime (C. aurantifolia), in 1990. Early characterization data sugg MoreBackground & Objectives: Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is the causal agent of citrus bacterial canker. In Iran, for the first time, Alizadeh and Rahimian reported the presence of Xcc on Mexican lime (C. aurantifolia), in 1990. Early characterization data suggested the presence of both wide (pathotype A) and narrow (pathotype A* and Aw) host range Xcc strains in Iran. However, more recently a discriminant analysis of MLVA-31 and MLVA-14 data in 2014 showed that Iranian strains of Xcc have genetically belonged to the host-restricted pathotype A* but not to the pathotype A. This study was aimed for genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a narrow-host-rang Iranian strain of X. citri sub. citri, NIGEB-88.Materials & Methods: To determine genetic characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of Iranian strains, Illumina sequencing method was used to obtain a draft genome sequence of Xcc strain NIGEB-88.Results: General features of Iranian strain such as genome size, number of plasmids, average genomic GC content, number of CDS and structural RNA were similar to those of other Xcc pathotypes. Furthermore, studies of various potential virulence and host range determinants factors such as type III secretion system effectors, type IV secretion system and surface Lipopolysaccharides revealed that this pathogen is very close to XccA and XccAw strains.Conclusion: Phylogenetic and assessment of genes related to virulence and host specificity showed that XccA*NIGEB-88 is more closely related to other Iranian strain, XccA*NIGEB-386, and narrow-host-rang pathotype A*. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - Biosorption of silver by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain MS8 isolated from wastewater of Silversmith’s workshop in Isfahan
Maedeh Shahsanaei Goneirani1 Ali Mohammad Ahadi Monir DoudiBackground & Objectives: Detection of the microorganisms resistant to toxic metals is the first step in the process of bioremediation. The purpose of this study was isolation of silver-resistant bacteria, determination of their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) MoreBackground & Objectives: Detection of the microorganisms resistant to toxic metals is the first step in the process of bioremediation. The purpose of this study was isolation of silver-resistant bacteria, determination of their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and investigation on the biosorption in vitro. Materials & Methods: Sampling was carried out from the wastewater of two Silversmith’s workshop in Isfahan and effluent of the wastewater treatment plant phase 2 input in Shahinshahr. The agar dilution method and PHG II culture medium containing concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 mM of Ag (NO3)was used to separate the metal-resistant bacteria and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Finally, the ribotyping method was used to identify the silver-resistant bacteria. Results: In this study seven silver-resistant bacteria were isolated, among them Ag5 showed the highest resistance to silver (MIC = 6mM). Based on the molecular analysis, this isolate belonged to a new strain, called as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain MS8, and its formation was deposited as KP742984 in Gene Bank (NCBI). This strain was able to absorb 11.39% of silver from medium in vitro after 120 minute and could growth well in the presence of silver. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that this isolate is a good candidate for biological removal of silver from contaminated wastewater in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of indigenous oil-degrading bacteria from soil of Karoon area in Ahvaz
Mohammad Hossein Arash Assadirad Mahnaz Mazaher Asadi Hamid Rashedi Taher Nejadsattari Background & Objectives: Bioremediation is the promising technology for the treatment of the contaminated sites since it is cost-effective and will lead to complete mineralization. This study was aimed to isolation and phylogenetic identification of indigeno More Background & Objectives: Bioremediation is the promising technology for the treatment of the contaminated sites since it is cost-effective and will lead to complete mineralization. This study was aimed to isolation and phylogenetic identification of indigenous oil-degrading bacteria from soil of Karoon area in Ahvaz. Materials & Methods: The crude oil contaminated soil of Karoon area in Ahvaz was sampled accidentally and under sterile condition. The amount of absorbable phosphorus was determined using Olson method and also, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen by CHN meter device. Mineral salt medium containing 2% crude oil was used for isolation of oil eating bacteria. Following sieving the soil samples, the total carbon content of the soils were analysed by gas chromatography. Biochemical tests and PCR method were used to identify the dominant bacteria. Results: In this study, 44 bacterial strains were isolated, among them 20 isolates in the first and one in the second screening methods were selected, which was nominated as S31.This strain belonged to Bacillus licheniformis. The growth of the selected isolate in the media with 2% crude oil was better than the standard strain and remediated 84% of the crude oil in 30 days incubation time at about 30o C. Conclusion: The selected Bacillus could use 2% of crude oil as source of carbon and energy and we suggest further studies on this bacterium in bacterial consortia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - Isolation and molecular identification of bacterial bark canker in walnut and evaluation of bacteria pathogenicity on the seedling and immature walnuts fruits in Lorestan province
Vahid Amirsardari Mostafa Darvishniya Hossein MirzaeiBackground & Objectives: Bacterial canker in walnut is caused by Brenneria nigrifluens. The prevalence of this disease has been increasing in recent years and it is a serious threat to walnut tree in the appropriate conditions. The aim of this study was to isolate a MoreBackground & Objectives: Bacterial canker in walnut is caused by Brenneria nigrifluens. The prevalence of this disease has been increasing in recent years and it is a serious threat to walnut tree in the appropriate conditions. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the prevalence bacterial walnut canker in Lorestan and to determine their pathogenesis in the raw walnut. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 105 branches and trunk bark walnut trees suffering of the symptoms of shallow bark canker. After purification and isolation of the disease agents, the bacteria were identified based on phenotypic characteristics. Next, the results were analyze by Ntsys-pc version 2.02 software. The PCR reactions were performed for more accurate identification of the isolates. Overall, five bacterial isolates were selected to study their pathogenesis on the walnut fruits and trunks. Results: According to the results of phenotypic characteristics of isolates, these strains were classified as B. nigrifluens. Furthermore, based on numerical analysis of the strains with 94% similarity, these isolates were classified into four groups. All isolates produced an expected 255 bp band in the PCR reaction. These strains caused necrotic area on fruit with reddish brown ooze. Conclusion: The differential phenotypic tests, the pathogenicity test on the raw fruits and specific primers are reliable methods for diagnosis of the etiology of this disease. In our knowledge, the present study is the first report regarding the occurrence of this disease in Lorestan province and also first report of the pathogenicity of B. nigrifluens on fruit in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - Biological control of Rhizoctonia solani by Pseudomonas strains isolated from the rhizosphere
Mitra Omidinasab Mostafa DarvishniaBackground & Objectives: Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is now widely used as a major food product in many tropical areas and semi-temperate and temperate areas of America, Europe, Africa as well as Asia. Damping off and seed rot are the most frequent and damagi MoreBackground & Objectives: Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is now widely used as a major food product in many tropical areas and semi-temperate and temperate areas of America, Europe, Africa as well as Asia. Damping off and seed rot are the most frequent and damaging diseases of the legumes worldwide which are caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The purpose of this study was isolation and characterization of rhizosphere bacteria for the biocontrol of the R. solani in the bean. Material & Methods: Four isolated bacteria from bean plants rhizosphere soil in Lorestan province farms were evaluated in vitro as a potential antagonist of the fungal pathogen. In vitro inhibition of R. solani mycelium growth by rhizosphere bacteria were tested on rye agar media. The degree of inhibition in each medium was determined by measuring the halo around the bacterial strains. Results: Sequencing of 16S rRNA and its comparison with Gen Bank sequence database revealed that antagonistic strains belong to Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas monteilii, and Pseudomonas putida species. All the strains significantly inhibited R. solani growth, resulting in more than 40% inhibition on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA). The results showed the most inhibition by P. putida, and the lowest by P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: Rhizoctonia root-rot is a highly destructive disease in most areas of the world. Biological control using natural microorganisms offers a powerful alternative to chemical control of Rhizoctonia root-rot diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - Antibacterial effect of essential oils from Salvia leriifolia Benth. against some oral pathogens
Parvaneh Abrishamchi Mehrangiz Khaje Karamadini Reihaneh Hoshyar-Sarjami Arehzoo Zaker Javad Asili Hassan Porsa Reza ZarifBackground & Objectives: Salvia leriifolia Benth. is a native medicinal plant species of Razavi Khorasan province, which possesses valuable pharmacological properties including anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic and sedative activities. In thi MoreBackground & Objectives: Salvia leriifolia Benth. is a native medicinal plant species of Razavi Khorasan province, which possesses valuable pharmacological properties including anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic and sedative activities. In this study (basic/applied), antibacterial activity of essential oils from S. leriifolia against anaerobic bacteria cause oral-pharynx infections was investigated. Materials & Methods: Aerial parts of S. leriifolia were collected at flowering stage from Bajestan in Razavi Khorasan Province. Essential oils were obtained using stem distillation methods and were analysed by GC-MS. Effects of different concentrations of essential oils (6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/ml) against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus sanguis and Actinomyces viscosus were evaluated by agar disk diffusion, hole-plate diffusion, common calibrated, agar dilution and broth dilution methods. Results: Among 35 compounds identified in S. leriifolia essential oils, β-pinene (23.35%), α-muurolol (17.11%), α-pinene (14.13%) and 1,8 cineole (13.25%) were the main compounds, respectively. Essential oil of S. leriifolia had significant inhibitory effect on the growth of all bacteria in a dose- dependent manner, so that maximum inhibitory effect was observed at concentration of 50 mg/ml. S. mutans (MBC=31.99 mg/ml, MIC=13.98 mg/ml) was the most sensitive bacterium and S. pyogenes (MBC=51.99 mg/ml, MIC=25.32 mg/ml) was the most resistance one. Conclusion: Essential oils of Salvia leriifolia can be used as a natural product in herbal mouthwashes to control oral pathogens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - Isolation and identification of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria from oil reservoirs located at Asmari, Ahwaz
Rahil Kianpour Barjoei Hossein Motamedi Zahra BamzadehBackground & Objectives: Bioremediation is a technology to remove oil pollution. Microbial bioremediation id the best technology to remove contaminants in which pollutants are converted to non-toxic chemicals in expenses of lowest amount of energy, chemicals and tim MoreBackground & Objectives: Bioremediation is a technology to remove oil pollution. Microbial bioremediation id the best technology to remove contaminants in which pollutants are converted to non-toxic chemicals in expenses of lowest amount of energy, chemicals and time. This study aimed to isolate and identify the petroleum hydrocarbons degrading bacteria from oil reservoirs located at Asmari Ahwaz. Materials & Methods: This field study was performed in the oil reservoirs located at Asmar, Ahvaz. The primary isolation was performed using a salt containing base medium through a multistep process, and the salt tolerance of isolates were tested by this medium. The elimination of the hydrocarbons by isolated bacteria were studied using gas chromatography. The identity of bacteria was determined based on biochemical tests and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Results: In this study, a halotolerant Gram-positive bacteria, belonged to Streptomyces, was isolated from the field. This isolate showed an acceptable growth into 7.5% salt concentration and was able to use oil as the sole source of carbon. Also, this strain was able to reduce the level of hydrocarbons to 71.58 % through incubation in the saline medium for 10 days. Conclusion: According to the results, the isolated strain is capable to tolerate high concentrations of salts and is desirable to remove the hydrocarbons, which is beneficiary due to the difference in salt concentration in contaminated areas. As a result, this isolate can be useful for removal of pollutants from the environment and reduction of their side effects on life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - Optimization of culture conditions for the production of phytase enzyme by Bacillus subtilis soil isolates
Maryam Parhamfar Hamid Abtahi Milad ParhamfarBackground & Objectives: Phytate is the primary storage form of phosphorus in plant seeds. It has an anti-nutritive effect in both human and animals. Phytase is a subgroup of phosphatases which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytate. Microbial phytases have potential b MoreBackground & Objectives: Phytate is the primary storage form of phosphorus in plant seeds. It has an anti-nutritive effect in both human and animals. Phytase is a subgroup of phosphatases which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytate. Microbial phytases have potential biotechnological application in various fields, such as agriculture, human and animal foods. This study was aimed to investigate the optimal conditions for the production of phytase by Bacillus subtilis isolated from the soil. Materials & Methods: Samples were collected from Arak area, where the soil was contaminated with animal faces. Samples were incubated in PSM medium at 30 ºC for 48 hours. The screening of phytase - producing bacteria on PSM media was performed based on the formation of the clear halo. The most suitable bacterial strain was identified according to its biochemical and morphological characteristics. The level of enzyme production and phosphate- solubilising activity of this strain was assessed in different pH range, and on various media types including PSM, PVK, NBRIP, as well as NBRIY. Results: In this study, maximum enzyme production by the bacterial isolates has been observed following 36-48h incubation in PSM medium. 12S phytase- producing bacterial strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Our results showed that the optimum pH for phytase production in PSM medium is pH of 7. Furthermore, investigating different media, phytate-containing PVK was recognised as the most appropriate medium for enzyme production. Conclusion: B. Subtilise isolate can provide an opportunity to introduce new phytase to food as well as environmental industries. Moreover, PVK can be used as an effective medium to produce phytase enzyme and to screen phytase-producing bacterial starins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - Isolation and identification of sulfur-oxidizing chemolithotrophic bacteria from Qeshm salt cave
Nina Zamani Mohammad Ali Amoozegar Maliheh Mehrshad Mahboobeh Darabi Seyed Abolhasan Shahzadeh Fazeli Mahmood ShavandiBackground & Objectives: Chemolithotrophic bacteria have an important role in the biogeochemical cycle in natural ecosystems. For instance, the oxidative part of the sulfur cycle is handled by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Moreover, these bacteria have an important rol MoreBackground & Objectives: Chemolithotrophic bacteria have an important role in the biogeochemical cycle in natural ecosystems. For instance, the oxidative part of the sulfur cycle is handled by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Moreover, these bacteria have an important role in various industrial fields including bioleaching. The aim of this study was isolation and identification of chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from the Namakdan cave Qeshm, Iran. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, after sampling from the Namakdan cave in Qeshm and transferring the samples (salt, water, and sediment) to the lab, sample inoculation into enrichment media was carried out with three concentrations of NaCl. Following pH and temperature measurement, samples were transferred into solid and two-phase media. Further characterization of the isolates was performed using 16S rRNA gene amplification. Further analysis was performed to characterize the autotrophic or heterotrophic features of the isolates. Biomass was examined using classical turbidity method. Results: Totally, 39 strains were isolated from samples, based on differences in primary features such as colony form or growth rate. A total of 5 isolates were selected for further studies. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates belong to Halothiobacillus genus. Conclusion: Due to 30% salinity and neutral pH of this cave, isolation of chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria was limited to few genera. Chemolithotrophic bacteria have longer growth time in comparison to heterotrophic ones, increasing generation time to 30 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - Heavy metal removal by phosphate-solubilizing Enterobacter xiangfangensis isolated from rhizosphere
Fatemeh Sadat Ghoreishi Zahra EtemadifarBackground & Objectives: Industrial activities in the world release large amounts of pollutants including heavy metals. This study was aimed to assess heavy metal removal by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and evaluation the effects of extracellular factors includin MoreBackground & Objectives: Industrial activities in the world release large amounts of pollutants including heavy metals. This study was aimed to assess heavy metal removal by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and evaluation the effects of extracellular factors including phosphatase in removing the metal. Material & Methods: In this experimental study, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from Amaranth rhizosphere on Pikovskaya medium, and subsequently identified using molecular methods. Acid phosphatase level was measured by colorimetric method. MIC50 and MBC of nickel, cadmium, chromium, and lead were detected by microplate test. Heavy metal removal through cells or culture supernatant was assessed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Changes in the level of bacterial cells exposed to heavy metals were evaluated by FTIR method. Results: The acid phosphatase-producing strain was identified as Enterobacter xiangfangensis. The highest MIC50 (3mM) and MBC (100mM) were obtained for nickel, and the highest metal removal percentage (75.89%) was obtained for the lead. Both nickel and lead were removed by the cells and secreted products. FTIR results showed Ni3(PO4)2 wavelength of 915.058cm-1 in cells treated with 3mM nickel. Conclusion: Due to the high ability of the isolate in removing nickel and lead by cell surface and secreted materials, this isolate can be used in metal bioremediation. Though the phosphatase enzyme isolated from Enterobacter did not have any considerable effect on lead removal, it was able to remove nickel. Therefore, metal removal can be optimized by enzyme purification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - The inhibitory effect of alfalfa epiphytic bacteria on Clavibacter as the causal agent of wilt disease
Mitra Omidinasab Gholam KhodakaramianBackground & Objectives: Due to indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides and its impact on the environment, other methods including the use of epiphytic and endophytic bacteria to control pathogens is highly regarded. Since Medicago sativa is the most important for MoreBackground & Objectives: Due to indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides and its impact on the environment, other methods including the use of epiphytic and endophytic bacteria to control pathogens is highly regarded. Since Medicago sativa is the most important forage crop in Iran and many parts of the world, this study was aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of alfalfa epiphytic bacteria on the causal agent of wilt disease in in-vitro. Materials & Methods: Undiseased alfalfa leaf samples were collected from different parts of Hamedan province, before its flowering. After isolating epiphyte bacteria from alfalfa fields, the antagonistic effect of isolates was investigated by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone against alfalfa bacterial wilt. Protein extraction was performed to assess the pattern of protein bands and the variety of the strains. Biochemical tests and PCR were used to identify the isolates. Results: A total of 30 epiphyte bacteria were isolated from alfalfa shoots. Bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Xanthomonas, based on biochemical, physiological and morphological tests. The highest bactericidal effect was related to isolating No. 16 and the lowest to isolates No. 13, and No. 6, respectively. Using molecular and dendrogram methods, isolate No. 16 was most closely related to Pseudomonas monteilii. Conclusion: Epiphytic bacteria isolated in this study showed a good inhibitory effect against alfalfa wilt in vitro. This can be promising for the biocontrol of this disease. However, further studies are needed to prove the efficacy of the isolates in field conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - Molecular characterization and evaluation of the antibacterial properties of Pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from whole barley sourdough
Alireza Sadeghi Mojtaba Raeisi Maryam Ebrahimi Balal SadeghiBackground & Objectives: Usually identification and characterization of ecosystems isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have been rarely studied lead to obtaining LAB with unique characteristics. The aims of this study were molecular characterization and eva MoreBackground & Objectives: Usually identification and characterization of ecosystems isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have been rarely studied lead to obtaining LAB with unique characteristics. The aims of this study were molecular characterization and evaluation of the antibacterial properties of dominant LAB isolated from whole barley sourdough. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, first the sourdough was prepared from the whole barley flour, and subsequently its dominant LAB was isolated. LAB isolate was identified by sequencing of PCR products. Antibacterial properties of the isolate and its cell free culture filtrate (CCF) which was obtained from logarithmic and stationary phases as crud and naturalized form were also investigated for some food-borne indicator bacteria using well diffusion and microdilution methods, respectively. Results: Sequencing results of PCR products lead to identification of Pediococcus pentosaceus as the dominant LAB in whole barley sourdough. This LAB isolate had more antagonistic effect (p<0.05) on Listeria monocytogenes than other indicator bacteria. Furthermore, crud CCF obtained from logarithmic phase of the isolate had the highest bacteriocin activity and antibacterial ability in comparison to other CCFs. Conclusion: Whole barley sourdough P. pentosaceus isolate and its CCF have proper antibacterial properties against food-borne indicator bacteria used in this study. Therefore, P. pentosaceus has high potential to be used as microbial starter or adjunct culture in processing fermented foods instead of chemical preservatives or antibiotics in order to increase shelf life and safety of these products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - Evaluation of gibberellin and auxin production ability by endophytic bacteria Pseudomonas putida in soybean TMS cultivar
Faegheh Etminani Adibeh Etminani Sholeh DarvishiBackground & Objectives: Endophytic bacteria live inside tissues of their plant host without causing visible symptoms, and in more cases are reported as plant growth promoting bacteria. This study was conducted to determine plant growth promoting affects of endophyt MoreBackground & Objectives: Endophytic bacteria live inside tissues of their plant host without causing visible symptoms, and in more cases are reported as plant growth promoting bacteria. This study was conducted to determine plant growth promoting affects of endophytic bacteria associated with Soybean (cultivar TMS). Materials & Methods: In order to isolate endophytic bacteria from various parts of soybean (cultivar TMS), samples were collected from the farm of Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj. After genomic DNA extraction, 16S rDNA gene was amplified using PCR. Then, the PCR product was sequenced by BLAST. Strains were surveyed for IAA, and GA production ability was carried out using a randomized complete design in three replications. Results: The isolated bacteria were able to produce IAA in various amount 3.2 -12.14 µg/ml without tryptophan and in the presence of it, 7.2 -15.14 µg/ml. GA producing abilities were also 0.11-0.20 µg/ml for these isolates. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence, the isolated bacteria was belonged to Pseudomonas putida with 99% similarity. Conclusion: This study is the first report of isolation of P. putida from Soybean (TMS cultivar). The endophytic bacteria isolated in this study can be used to promote plant growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - Study on lead biosorption by lead resistant bacteria isolated from industrial wastewater of plants in AqQala industrial park
Mohsen Ebrahimi Ania Ahani AzariBackground & Objectives: Lead is a heavy metal and persistent pollutant in the environment that enters through industrial wastewaters. The aim of this study was to isolate lead resistant bacteria from the industrial wastewaters, and to study the lead absorptio MoreBackground & Objectives: Lead is a heavy metal and persistent pollutant in the environment that enters through industrial wastewaters. The aim of this study was to isolate lead resistant bacteria from the industrial wastewaters, and to study the lead absorption by the isolated bacteria. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was performed on three wastewater samples. Nutrient agar medium containing different concentrations of lead acetate were used to isolate the lead resistant bacteria. Overall, 28 colonies were selected and their characteristics were determined. Of these, six colonies with the highest lead resistance were selected. The rate of lead absorption of these strains was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Four strains with higher lead absorption was identified using molecular method. Results: 78.5% of the isolated resistant bacteria were Gram positive and 21.5% of the bacteria were Gram negative bacteria. Biochemical tests showed that 46.5% of the isolates were belonged to Bacillus sp. Of these, T5 had the highest lead absorption. Also, sequencing results revealed that the selected isolates are belong to Escherichia coli strain 789, Enterobacter cloacae strain GGT036, Bacillus tequilensis strain KM30 and Kurthia sp. VITA1 (T5). Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the bacteria isolated from lead-containing wastewaters are highly potent for removal of this metal from polluted environments, and therefore can be appropriate candidates for bioremediation and biological treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
425 - Optimization of fermented cow meat quality by lactic acid bacteria in batch fermentation
Elham Rahnama Nafiseh Sadat NaghaviBackground & Objectives: Lactic acid bacteria are essential factors for obtaining optimum sensory aspects in fermented meat. The aim of this study was the enhancement of cow meat quality by optimization of acid production using Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus MoreBackground & Objectives: Lactic acid bacteria are essential factors for obtaining optimum sensory aspects in fermented meat. The aim of this study was the enhancement of cow meat quality by optimization of acid production using Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus plantrum in batch fermentation. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, L. sakei subsp. sakei PTCC1712 and L. plantrum PTCC1058 were grown in MRS medium and confirmed by molecular identification. Using Taguchi software (16 version), trials were designed to optimize three factors including temperature, bacterial inoculation, and glucose supplementation. The results were analyzed based on detection of acid production and compared by ANOVA program. Total product bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and yeasts/molds were counted by standard microbial methods. Results: Maximum acid production for L. sakei was detected at 36 ºC, 10% glucose and 8000 CFU.g-1 inoculated bacteria; and for L. plantarum was detected at 37 ºC, 10% glucose, and 9000 CFU. g-1 inoculated bacteria. The best factor affecting pH decline was a carbon source for both bacterial strains. Lactic acid bacteria showed a fourfold increase after fermentation and maintained 60% of their viability following heating stage. No Enterobacteriaceae was found in the product, and other pathogens showed a great decrease. Using both strains simultaneously, 6.9% improvement in acid production was observed. Conclusion: Both Lactobacillus strains had similar conditions for cow meat fermentation and showed synergistic activity for acid production when used simultaneously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - Molecular identification and optimization of keratinase production in keratin-degrading bacteria isolated from soil poultry of Marvdasht city
Somayeh Khodayari Farshid KafilzadehBackground & Objectives: Feather is one of the environmental pollutants that about 90% of its weight is made of highly resistant creatine plates. A number of bacteria are able to produce a keratinase enzyme in the presence of keratin substrate. The purpose of this s MoreBackground & Objectives: Feather is one of the environmental pollutants that about 90% of its weight is made of highly resistant creatine plates. A number of bacteria are able to produce a keratinase enzyme in the presence of keratin substrate. The purpose of this study was isolation and molecular identification of keratin- degrading bacteria from the soil of poultry farms around Marvdasht city in order to measure keratinase activity in superior creatine-degrading strains. Material & Methods: In this study, 15 soil samples from poultry farms around Marvdasht city was collected. Seven bacterial isolates were cultured on a feather meal medium. Five isolates that showed clear degradation zone, were chosen for further chemical and molecular identification. The bacteria were sequenced, and a specific accession number in the gene bank was allocated to each of them as a new strain Then, all five isolates were assessed for the level of keratinase enzyme production. Result: All isolates belonged to Bacillus species. All five isolates were able to completely degrade keratine. The most keratinase activity was reported 17.12 (ml/min) for Bacillus cereus SKH1. Conclusion: Different species of Bacillus in this study showed the ability to produce a keratinase enzyme in the presence of keratin substrate. Investigating the level of keratinase activity in bacterial isolates showed that all have the potential treat feather waste. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - Molecular diversity of heterotrophic bacteria and archaea of Namakdan Cave in Qeshm
Mahboobeh Darabi Mohammad Ali Amoozegar Maliheh Mehrshad Nina Zamani Seyed Abolhasan Shahzadeh Fazeli Mahmood ShavandiBackground & Objectives: Given the high diversity, biotechnological applications and the effective role of bacteria in making and maintaining the ecosystem balance; biodiversity research are very important. Meanwhile, the halophilic bacteria and archaea have been co MoreBackground & Objectives: Given the high diversity, biotechnological applications and the effective role of bacteria in making and maintaining the ecosystem balance; biodiversity research are very important. Meanwhile, the halophilic bacteria and archaea have been considered because of their biotechnological importance and specific ecological condition. In this study, we investigated the diversity of heterotrophic bacteria and archaea of Namakdan cave in Qeshm Island. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out by sampling from Qeshm Namakdan cave in November 2013. The diversity of the cave heterotrophic aerobic bacteria was analyzed using the culture method. Halophilic and halotolerant bacteria and Archaea under aerobic conditions were isolated by MGM and Marine agar media, respectively. Isolates were separated according to morphological differences, and primary biochemical features. Finally, 16s rRNA sequencing was performed for 32 isolates.Results: Among 172 isolates 16S rRNA sequencing was carried out for 27 strains. Phylogenetic analysis placed archaea in the euryarchaeota division and Halococcus, Haloferax, Haloarcula, Halogeometricum genus branches and bacteria in Firmicutes and Bacteroides divisions and in Aliifodinibius, Paenibacillus, Aquibacillus, Paraliobacillus, and Bacillus genus branches. Among the sequenced isolates, 11 isolates showed less than 89.7% similarity to the standard species, which is considered as a borderline point to present new microbial species. Conclusion: Placing the identified isolates in different phylogenetic divisions and genus branches demonstrates the wide microbial diversity of Qeshm Namakdan cave ecosystem. Presenting native microorganisms in new species and genera from unique ecosystems by introducing new genetic content provides access to new native genes and pathways. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - Optimization of environmental factors affecting gold microbial bioleaching by indigenous bacteria in Zarshuran mineral ore
Mehdi Zabihi Mojtaba TaranBackground & Objectives: Zarshuran gold mine as the largest gold mine in Iran is located in Takab, West Azarbayjan. In this study, for the first time, the ability to isolate the gold element was examined by providing optimal conditions for the growth of natural micr MoreBackground & Objectives: Zarshuran gold mine as the largest gold mine in Iran is located in Takab, West Azarbayjan. In this study, for the first time, the ability to isolate the gold element was examined by providing optimal conditions for the growth of natural microorganisms in Zarshuran gold ores and investigating the effect of different factors including pH, leaching time and the ratio of the ore volume to leachate. Materials & Methods: The study was designed using the Taguchi method in three levels to evaluate the effect of each of the pH, leaching time and the ratio of the ore volume to leachate. The effect of each factor and the appropriate level for bioleaching refractory gold was investigated using the Qulitek-4 software. Results: The most effective factor was the ratio of the ore volume to leachate which was 17.20% and the least effective factor was the leaching time which was 7.84%. The level 3 was the most appropriate pH level which was assessed as 59.46%. The most appropriate level for the ratio of the ore volume to leachate was level 1, with the amount of 66.14% and a ratio of 1/1. The most appropriate level for the time was level 1, as well, with the amount of 56.78% and duration of 30 days. Conclusion: Considering the three functional environmental factors, much gold can be separated from ore at an industrial scale without spending too much money. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - The effect of sonication on thyme essential oil- containing nano-niosome as nano bio-detergents
Zohre Karimi Samira Naderinezhad Fateme HaghiralsadatBackground & Objectives: Due to antimicrobial properties of plants, lots of attention has been recently paid to the addition of natural ingredients to pharmaceutical, food and healthcare systems. The aim of this study was investigation and synthesis of thyme e MoreBackground & Objectives: Due to antimicrobial properties of plants, lots of attention has been recently paid to the addition of natural ingredients to pharmaceutical, food and healthcare systems. The aim of this study was investigation and synthesis of thyme essential oil - containing nanoparticles as bio-detergents. Material & Methods: Thyme essential oil was extracted and purified using Clevenger apparatus. Then nano-niosomes containing thyme essential oil was prepared by Bangham method using Tween 60, Span 60 and lipid cholesterol. Then, two methods were investigated in order to reduce the particles size (bath and probe sonication). The nanoparticles were characterized in term of release rate, size, zeta potential, morphology, infrared spectra and loading efficiency. The antibacterial properties of the detergent against Staphylococcus aureus were studied in term of the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and inhibition zone. Results: The results showed a smaller particle size resulted from probe sonication compared to bath sonication. The essential oil loading efficiency of particles prepared by bath sonication was 4.65% higher than the probe sonication method. Type of sonication did not change the zeta potential of nanoparticles. The essential oil was physically encapsulated in the nano-niosome, without changing its properties during encapsulation. The nanoparticle was uniformly disturbed with spherical structure. The results showed a significant anti-bacterial property of the detergents against Staphylococcus aureus (MBC of 15.625 µg/ml). Conclusion: Bath sonication is economically recommended compared to probe sonication in preparation of nanoparticles. The results of this preliminary study introduce an anti-bacterial herbal detergent which can be more developed in further studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - The effect of prebiotics on bacteriocin production and gut adhesion potential of Lysinibacillus sphaericus DY13 and Bacillus clausii DY14
Yati Vaidya Shriram Patel Prashant Kunjadiya Chaitanya Joshi Anju KunjadiaBackground & Objectives: Probiotics are living microorganisms which when administrated adequately, confer benefits to hosts. In order to estimate the probiotic potential of these microorganisms, it is necessary to assess their health benefits, efficacy, and safety. MoreBackground & Objectives: Probiotics are living microorganisms which when administrated adequately, confer benefits to hosts. In order to estimate the probiotic potential of these microorganisms, it is necessary to assess their health benefits, efficacy, and safety. This study was aimed to evaluate gut adhesion capacity of Lysinibacillus sphaericus DY13 and Bacillus clausii DY14 strains which were previously isolated from healthy human milk, and to assess the effects of natural and commercial prebiotics on bacteriocin production by these two strains. Material & Methods: L. sphaericus DY13 and B. clausii DY14 isolates were evaluated for tolerating the artificial gastrointestinal conditions. Moreover, isolates were examined for auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, and cell surface hydrophobicity properties. The prebiotic effect of mannitol, sorbitol, garlic, onion and honey on the enhancement of bacteriocin production against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was also evaluated. Results: Compared to the control, auto-aggregation potential of DY13 and DY14 was found to be decreased by 4%. Both isolates have demonstrated preeminent auto-aggregation potential. The hydrophobicity percentage of DY13 and DY14 isolates typically ranged between 51-52.7% and 59.1-66.1%, respectively. Comparing the effect of selected prebiotics on bacterial isolates growth and bacteriocin production revealed that honey is the best source to improve the growth of bacterial strain, and also to stimulate bacteriocin production. Conclusion: Due to considerable adhesion potential of both selected strains, they can be applied as suitable and efficient probiotics, along with honey as prebiotic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - Isolating tricalcium phosphate solubilizing bacteria from wheat and oat soil in Marvdasht
Fatemeh Naseri Nima Bahador Majid Baser Mehdi KargarBackground & Objectives: Many soil microorganisms are ale to solve unavailable phosphorus through metabolic activity and secretion of organic acids. This study was aimed to isolate tricalcium phosphate active solubilizing bacteria from wheat and barley farms in Marv MoreBackground & Objectives: Many soil microorganisms are ale to solve unavailable phosphorus through metabolic activity and secretion of organic acids. This study was aimed to isolate tricalcium phosphate active solubilizing bacteria from wheat and barley farms in Marvdasht Plain. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 barley and 50 wheat farms in Marvdasht Plain. The soil samples were enriched in NRIP media containing 10 percent tricalcium phosphate. The tricalcium phosphate solubilizing bacteria which produced halos on media were determined through biochemical tests, PCR and sequencing techniques. The activity of two active bacteria isolated from wheat and barley farms were analysed by HPLC method in order to investigate the production of secreted organic acids. Results: Overall 9 (18%) and 6 (12%) of the tricalcium phosphate solubilizing bacteria were isolated from the wheat and barley farms located at Marvdasht, respectively. The HPLC analysis showed that the microorganisms isolated from barely and wheats farms produce 4 and 3 respectively, different low molecular weight acids. Conclusion: Since most of the tricalcium phosphate active solubilizing bacteria were isolated from the barely farms, these bacteria can be found in the soils in which less Phosphorus fertilizers were used. Screening of these bacteria in different farms and their identification can be useful in the production of biologic fertilizers and growth of plants in that area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Assessment of the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of stem and leaf alcoholic extracts of Dendrostellera lesserti
Mostafa Alamhulu Sonbol NazeriBackground & Objectives: The increases in the microbial antibiotic resistance and decreases in the sensitivity of bacteria to antimicrobial chemical compounds are some concerns of the researchers who look for herbal compounds as antimicrobial properties. The purpose MoreBackground & Objectives: The increases in the microbial antibiotic resistance and decreases in the sensitivity of bacteria to antimicrobial chemical compounds are some concerns of the researchers who look for herbal compounds as antimicrobial properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of leaf and stem extracts of Dendrostellera lesserti against 10 human pathogenic bacteria. Material & Methods: Dendrostellera lesserti was collected from the Alvand Mountain (1961 m height) located at Hamedan province. After identification, the extracts were prepared using maceration method. In this sectional study, antibacterial activity was determined by agar well diffusion method, MIC (serial dilution method) and MBC. The antioxidant properties of these extracts was determined by DPPH method. Also, the amounts of phenol and flavonoid was assayed by Folin-ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Results: The largest growth inhibition zone with 27.3±0.6 mm diameter was observed on Micrococcus luteus culture exposed to ethanolic extract of the stem. The MIC and MBC of the extracted obtained from stem were lower than the leaf extract. Methanolic extract of stem in concentration of 1 mg/ml had the highest scavenging percentage of free radical. The methanol extracts of stem and leaf achieved the highest amount of phenol and flavonoid, 79.4±0.5 (mgGAE/g) and 2.1±0.1(mgQ/g), respectively. Conclusion: The results of present study showed that alcoholic extract, especially methanol extract, of Dendrostellera lesserti showed antibacterial ability. Since the phenolic and flavonoids compounds have anti­bacterial and anti-oxidant properties, the property showed in this study can be because of the presence of these compounds in the tissues studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - Molecular identification of lantibiotic- producing Bacillus toyonensis isolated from soil and evaluation of its antibacterial activity
Dorna Karami Arekhloo Mohammad Mehdi MahmoodiBackground & Objectives: Lantibiotics are small peptide antibiotics that produced by a large number of gram positive bacteria to limit growth of other bacteria. This study was performed with the aim of isolation and molecular identification of lantibiotic producer B MoreBackground & Objectives: Lantibiotics are small peptide antibiotics that produced by a large number of gram positive bacteria to limit growth of other bacteria. This study was performed with the aim of isolation and molecular identification of lantibiotic producer Bacilli from soil, also to optimize the production conditions and antibacterial activity of the product. Materials & Methods: In this basic research, soil samples were collected from green bean fields located at Kazerun. The vegetative cells were killed by pasteurization method and the Gram positive spore former colonies were selected for further studies. These bacteria were grown in the broth media and their culture extracts were examined for lantibiotic production by well diffusion method. Appropriate colonies with high ability for lantibiotic production were selected and identified by biochemical and molecular methods. Also lantibiotic production at different temperatures and pH values was investigated. Results: The isolated strain was identified as Bacillus toyonensis based on DNA sequencing. Maximum lantibiotic production was determined after 24h incubation at 30°C and pH 7. These results showed that the addition of 1% glucose and pepton can improve lantibiotic production. The purified lantibiotic showed inhibitory effects on some gram positive bacteria. Conclusion: According to ability of this isolated strain in lantibiotic production, further studies is required for more accurate identification of produced lantibiotic in order to be employed in pharmaceutical applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - Biosorption and bioaccumulation of Cd and Ni in competitive solution by three bacteria isolated from polluted soils to sewage sludge
Rahim Mohammadzadeh Karkaragh Mostafa Chorom Hosein Motamedi Ali MohabatBackground & Objectives: Microbial biomass show high capacity for the remediation of heavy metals in contaminated solutions. This study aimed to isolate and identify the Cd and Ni resistant bacteria from the soils polluted to heavy metals and to evaluate the biosorp MoreBackground & Objectives: Microbial biomass show high capacity for the remediation of heavy metals in contaminated solutions. This study aimed to isolate and identify the Cd and Ni resistant bacteria from the soils polluted to heavy metals and to evaluate the biosorption & bioaccumulation of these metals in competitive solution. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, samples were taken from the soils polluted to waste water of farms nearby the water refinery in west of Ahvaz. The Ca and Ni resistant bacteria were isolated and their identity were clarified using biochemical tests. Next, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Cd and Ni determined for these bacteria. Following preparation of alive and deactivated bacteria and solutions containing equal amounts of N and Ca, the levels of Ni and Ca were determined using atomic adsorption system to evaluate the levels of biosorption and bioaccumulation. Results: The microorganisms isolated in this study belonged to Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Actinomycete sp. Among them, Actinomycete sp. showed the highest absorption activity for these elements. The bioaccumulation was higher than biosorption at low concentrations of the metals but the biosorption was dominant at high pollution levels. In both systems, the bacteria showed higher ability for remediation of Cd in comparison to Ni. Conclusion: The bacteria in the soils polluted to heavy metals showed intensive resistance activity to high concentrations of the elements. Both bioaccumulation and biosorption methods were suitable enough to remediate these metals in aquatic environments. However, the bioaccumulation was more powerful than the second method at low concentrations of the metals whereas biosorption showed more ability at high concentrations of the metals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - A study to investigate antibacterial effect of Nanocurcumin against pre-clinical methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus infection
Elham Ansari Khosro Issazadeh Alireza Shoae HassaniBackground and Objectives: Bacteremia and endocarditis are the most commonly infection in Staphylococcus aureus. Due to curative effects of curcumin, including as an antibiotic, it can be used as a medicine albeit after reducing its side effects. This study aimed to inv MoreBackground and Objectives: Bacteremia and endocarditis are the most commonly infection in Staphylococcus aureus. Due to curative effects of curcumin, including as an antibiotic, it can be used as a medicine albeit after reducing its side effects. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial effects of curcumin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in an animal model (Balb/C mice). Materials and Methods: This pre-clinical study was performed in the department of scientific research and clinical technology of Khomeini Hospital, Tehran. Following synthesis of curcumin-PLGA nanoparticles, their size were measured using scanning electron microscopy and their toxicity were determined by a colorimetric method (MTT). In vitro studies to analyze the effects of this compound on MRSA were performed firstly based on MIC and MBC tests and broth dilution. Next, a same procedure was conducted on blood cultures obtained from infected mice. Results: A concentration of 6 micrograms of urcumin-PLGA nanoparticles per millimeter showed Antibacterial activity on MRSA strains. A same effect was observed in vivo in mice after treatment by 10 μg/ml urcumin. Furthermore, based on this results, there were no side effects on the normal cells and 75% of the cells treated with the highest concentration of this particle were survived. Conclusion: these results show that curcumin-PLGA nanoparticles can be used safely for the treatment of bacteremia and endocarditis prophylaxis of infections caused by MRSA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - Biological production and assessment of the antibacterial activity of gold nanoaprticles
Parastoo Pourali Majid Baseri Salehi Sima Afsharnejad Javad BehravanBackground and Objectives: In addition to safety, nanoparticles produced via biological methods show antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. This study was aimed to isolation and identification of intracellular and extracellular gold nanoparticle producing strai MoreBackground and Objectives: In addition to safety, nanoparticles produced via biological methods show antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. This study was aimed to isolation and identification of intracellular and extracellular gold nanoparticle producing strains from soil and to investigate the antimicrobial effects of the produced nanoparticles on 10 common bacterial pathogens. Materials and Methods: In this study, after isolation of bacteria from the soil and production of the gold nanaoparticles by their supernatants and their pure cells, the bio-production was confirmed through visible spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The nanoparticle producing stains were identified based on gene amplification by PCR and gene sequencing. Finally, the antibacterial properties of the produced gold nanoaprticles against 10 pathogenic bacteria was assessed by well diffusion method. Results: Results showed that 38 strains had ability to produce extracellular gold nanoparticles. Among them 16 strains had ability to produce intracellular gold nanoparticles as well. TEM images of the gold nanoparticles showed sizes less than 100 nm and the XRD patterns confirmed the crystalline structure of the gold nanoparticles. Three bacterial strains, Bacillus mojavensis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus vallismortis, showed higher productivity. Antibacterial tests showed that the extracellular gold nanoaprticles had better activity against pathogenic bacterial strains than the intracellular produced ones. Conclusion: Production of gold nanoparticles was performed by biological method. This nanoparticles showed a same antibacterial activity against both tested gram positive and negative bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - A study to investigate effects of pH, inoculum percentage and pulp density on the ferric ion production from pyrite using mixed mesophilic bacteria
Hadi Hani Bahman Nazari Esmaeil Jorjani Ali RiahiBackground and Objectives: Biological dissolution of pyrite leads to production of ferric ion and sulfuric acid. The produced ferric ion is a strong oxidant agent, which is able to dissolve different metal sulfides. This study aimed to examine effects of pH, pulp densit MoreBackground and Objectives: Biological dissolution of pyrite leads to production of ferric ion and sulfuric acid. The produced ferric ion is a strong oxidant agent, which is able to dissolve different metal sulfides. This study aimed to examine effects of pH, pulp density and inoculation percent of bacteria on extraction rate of ferric iron ions from pyrite using a mixture of mesophilic bacteria. Material and methods: The pyrite sample was prepared from a pyrite lode in Midok copper mine. A mixture of mesophilic bacteria, including 40% Acidi thiobacillus ferrooxidans, 40% of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and 20% of Leptasprillum ferrooxidans, was used for all leaching tests. Results: According to results, effect of pH was more significant in bioleaching of pyrite and production of ferric ion than other factors. The maximum amount of produced ferric (1.93 g/l) was earned at pH 2, a pulp density of 25 g/l and inoculation percent of 15%. Conclusion: The desired amounts of byproducts of pyrite dissolution can be obtained by operational parameters such as pH, pulp density and inoculation percent in bioleaching. Thus, by taking into account the optimal conditions of mentioned parameters, it is possible to increase the production efficiency of valuable metals by hydrometallurgy processes of ferric ions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - Production and characterization of biosurfactant by indigenous halotolerant Microbacterium sp. , isolated from Qom saline soils lake
Seyed soheil Aghaei farzaneh fakharian Mohammd Reza Zolfaghary mohammad soleimaniBackground & Objectives: Biosurfactants are biological surface active compounds produced by fungi, yeast and bacteria. These amphiphilic compounds can reduce surface tension and interfacial tension between individual molecules. The aims of this investigation was scr MoreBackground & Objectives: Biosurfactants are biological surface active compounds produced by fungi, yeast and bacteria. These amphiphilic compounds can reduce surface tension and interfacial tension between individual molecules. The aims of this investigation was screening of biosurfactant producing halotolerant Actinobacteria species from the unexplored regions of Qom saline lake. Materials & methods: About 110 soil actinobacteria isolated strains were initially screened and then teste for their ability to BS production. Conventional screening methods of BS carried out using blood hemolysis, drop collapse method,oil spreading and surface tension measurements. 16S rRNA sequencing was done for the best biosurfactant producer strain. Further the partially purified BS was characterized by TLC, FTIR and compositional analysis. BS production was optimized using different carbon & nitrogen sources and optimized by different culture conditions such as temperatures, pH and stirring rate. Results: 15 out of 110 isolates were able to tolerate high salt concentrations up to 10% . 8 isolated strains were BS producer. Isolate No.9 showed 99% similarity to Microbacterium paraoxidans by 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Compositional analysis methods proved a glycolipid structure of BS. Sucrose and yeast extract were identified as the most appropriate carbon and nitrogen source, respectively. Maximum production of BS was obtained in pH 7,at temperature 27 oC and stirring rate 170 rpm.Conclusion: These findings emphasize that such bacterial strains with superior BS production may find their potential application in bioremediation marine and soil ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - Evaluation of antimicrobial potentiality and type-I polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase biosynthetic genes from some marine actinomycetes
Fatemeh shayesteh Nur Syuhana Binti Zakaria Gires Usup Asmat AhmadBackground and Objectives: Actinomycetes are commonly known as exceptionally prolific source of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. The aim of this study was to identify some actinomycete isolates from Malaysia marine environment and evaluate for t MoreBackground and Objectives: Actinomycetes are commonly known as exceptionally prolific source of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. The aim of this study was to identify some actinomycete isolates from Malaysia marine environment and evaluate for type-I polyketide synthase (PKS-I) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes as well as antimicrobial activity. Materials and Methods: Selected isolates were identified based on their morphology and molecular properties. PKS-I and NRPS genes were detected using specific primers and the potential of their antimicrobial activity was investigated by disc diffusion method.Results: The isolates varied morphologically on the basis of colony morphology, spore chain shape, aerial and substrate mycelium formation. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, isolates Sdstm3k, Sdtm108 and Sdts4 were highly similar to Streptomyces sp. (95 %), whereas isolates Bvpd17e and SctgJI demonstrated highest similarity to Micrococcus sp. M2-19 (99 %) and Micrococcus leteus (95 %) respectively. While isolate Sdsb2k1a and Sdts46 were unidentified. The detection of PKS-I and NRPS genes revealed that only isolates SctgJI and Sdsb2k1a had both genes. Isolates Streptomyces sp. Sdst3k1 and Streptomyces sp. Sdts4 demonstrated the strongest and broadest spectrum of antimicrobial activity against 10 human pathogens tested. Conclusion: The present study indicated that actinomycetes isolated from marine environment in Malaysia can be a good source of the discovery of new bioactive compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - Screening and characterization of novel methane oxidizing bacterial strains from oil contaminated soils in Khuzestan, Iran
Nazanin Sanei Mohammad Roayaei Ardakani Mohammadreza SoudiBackground & objectives:Based on information about the types and numbers of microorganisms in the surface soil samples, the distribution range of underlying oil and gas reservoirs can be judged. In the present study, methane oxidizing bacteria were isolated and char MoreBackground & objectives:Based on information about the types and numbers of microorganisms in the surface soil samples, the distribution range of underlying oil and gas reservoirs can be judged. In the present study, methane oxidizing bacteria were isolated and characterized from oil contaminated soils in Khuzestan, Iran and their growth was optimized in the presence of methane as sole carbon and energy sources. Materials & Methods: Bacteria were isolated in nitrate mineral salt (NMS) medium in the presence of 50% air and 50% methane. The cultures were incubated on a shaker for 10 days at 30°C in dark place, and every two days, the gas mixture was replaced. The isolated bacteria were characterized based on biochemical and molecular identification tests. Then the optimum growth conditions was detected in different pH values and incubation temperatures in NMS medium containing methane. Results:Three Gram-negative rods were isolated from soil samples that were able to grow in isolation condition. The isolates were characterized as Achromobacter and Sphingomonas spp. The strains could also grow in the NMS medium with a high methanol concentration (3%). The optimal pH and temperature for the isolates were 7.4 and 30°C respectively. Conclusion: Methanotrophic strains that were isolated in the present study were able to grow and oxidize methane in high ranges of temperature and pH and can be proposed for the removal of mono-carbon compounds such as methane and as biological detectors for prospecting for oil and gas reservoirs Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - Spirulina: A healthy green sun with bioactive properties
Bahareh Nowruzi Mahnaz Jafari shaghayegh babaie Atena Motamedi AmirAli AnvarSpirulina is a photosynthetic cyanophyte that can grow in high intensity sunlight and very alkaline conditions and high temperatures. This algae contains vitamin supplements in the diet. Spirulina will be introduced as a complete food source in the near future. In fact, MoreSpirulina is a photosynthetic cyanophyte that can grow in high intensity sunlight and very alkaline conditions and high temperatures. This algae contains vitamin supplements in the diet. Spirulina will be introduced as a complete food source in the near future. In fact, one of the most important problems in the food industry is the use of synthetic preservatives and synthetic food additives that increase the risk of cancer. Therefore, efforts are being made around the world today to isolate new and safe antioxidants from natural sources. Among these, the natural products (secondary metabolites) of cyanobacteria are an important source of new drug compounds. Natural products not only have medicinal value themselves, but are also used as building models to create synthetic analogues. The chemical composition of Spirulina includes protein (70-55%), carbohydrates (25-25%), essential fatty acids (18%), vitamins, minerals and pigments such as carotene, chlorophyll a and phycocyanin. Because there is great potential for exploiting this algae and turning it into a dietary supplement in the production of a variety of food products such as cookies and biscuits, ice cream and cream cheese, and that in a small volume of this algae, it can be used as a golden key in nutrition. In this article, considering the potential potential of Cyanobacterium Spirulina, the morphological structure, life cycle, nutritional composition, antiviral activity, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, safety, anti-nephrotoxicity properties, increased visual acuity, weight loss and Blood lipids are treated. Obviously, the introduction of valuable properties of cyanobacteria Spirulina can be a suitable substitute for many antimicrobial compounds and synthetic antioxidants that not only pose no risk to the consumer, but can also improve consumer health. On the other hand, since the present study reviews the latest findings on cyanobacteria Spirulina, it is hoped that this study could pave the way for the introduction of edible microalgae with healing properties that can be used in the food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - Bacterial community structure in saline sediments from hypersaline wetland in south of Halghe Dare hills, Alborz province
Seyed Sina Seyedpour Layalestani Mahmoud Shavandi Azam Haddadi Mohammad Ali Amoozegar Seyed Mohammad Mehdi DastgheibBackground & Objectives: Survey of bacterial community structure in hypersaline ecosystems and identification of novel halophilic species can be very important from biotechnological and ecological aspects. In this study, we survey bacterial community structure in se MoreBackground & Objectives: Survey of bacterial community structure in hypersaline ecosystems and identification of novel halophilic species can be very important from biotechnological and ecological aspects. In this study, we survey bacterial community structure in sediments from saline wetland in south of Halghe Dare hills as one of the hypersaline ecosystems in Alborz province. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by sampling from saline wetland in south of Halghe Dare hills in June 2018. Isolation of heterotrophic bacteria was conducted using R2A agar medium. After differentiation of isolates based on morphological and biochemical characteristics, identification and phylogenetic relationships analysis of selected isolates were performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis using NCBI databases and bioinformatics softwares. The Illumina next-generation sequencing was also applied to survey bacterial diversity by cultivation-independent method. Results: Isolates included 13 species belonging to 8 genera including Bacillus (31.25%), Halomonas 25%, Gracilibacillus (12.50%), Virgibacillus (6.25%), Streptomyces (6.25%), Nitratireductor (6.25%), staphylococcus (6.25%) and Planococcus (6.25%). Illumina sequencing showed that Aneurinibacillus migulanus and Paenibacillus polymyxa were dominant species insoil sample. Conclusion: The results showed that the microbial population of the studied wetland is similar to the community of the wetlands reported in other parts of the world and dominated by halotolerant and halophilic species. Presence of various bacterial species and some probable novel taxonomic groups in saline wetland in south of Halghe Dare hills presents a new genetic and microbial source for future studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
443 - The cytotoxicity of culture extracts of indigenous Actinobacteria of Iran using Artemia urmiana
Sanaz Imanian Ali Mehrvar Javad Hamedi Hossein Samadi Kafil Naser Eivazian KariBackground & Objectives: Actinobacteria are very important in the world in terms of the production of metabolites with various biological effects. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the toxicity of the fermented extract obtained from Actinobacter MoreBackground & Objectives: Actinobacteria are very important in the world in terms of the production of metabolites with various biological effects. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the toxicity of the fermented extract obtained from Actinobacteria isolated from some biological resources of Iran on Artemia urmiana. These isolates were deposited in University of Tehran Microorganisms Collection (UTMC).Materials & Methods: Forty-eight -76°C actinobacterial isolates were revived using ISP2 agar culture medium. Two bacterial discs were inoculated in ISP2 broth medium as a pre-cultivation medium. After 48 hours, 10 ml of the liquid was inoculated into the fermentation culture medium and heated for 7 days in a shaker incubator with 180 rpm, temperature of 28°C and pH of 7.2 ± 0.2. The fermentation broth was extracted using ethyl acetate, the solvent was evaporated using a low-pressure rotary evaporator. The toxicity of fermentation broth extracts was assayed against 40-hour Artemia urmiana nauplii.Results: According to the toxicity classification, among the all 48 isolates, 64.58% were highly toxic, 22.91% were moderate toxic, and 12.5% were in the low toxicity compounds group.Conclusion: The results showed that more than half of the tested extracts had very high lethality on Artemia urmiana in a short time. Comparing the LC50 and LT50 values of the extracts with similar studies, it was found that these extracts have a significant biological activity and can be used as a rich source in the production of metabolites with proper biological effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
444 - Homologous Bacterial DNA as an Adjuvant for the development of humoral and cellular immune responses against Pasteurella multocida in sheep
Keivandokht Abbasi Yahya Tahamtan Elham Moazamian Mohammad H HosseiniBackgronnd & Objectives: Pasteurella (P.) maltocida is the cause of pasteurellosis. Animals and sometimes humans are involved with this bacterium. The aim of this study was to evaluate immune responses in sheep vaccinated with inactive antigen along with alum and Ab MoreBackgronnd & Objectives: Pasteurella (P.) maltocida is the cause of pasteurellosis. Animals and sometimes humans are involved with this bacterium. The aim of this study was to evaluate immune responses in sheep vaccinated with inactive antigen along with alum and AbDNA adjuvant by tracking IgG and cytokine levels on serum samples.Material & Methods: Sheep were immunized with two doses of inactivated vaccine with formalin at an interval of 2 weeks. Alum and DNA of P.maltocida serotype A strain were used as an adjuvant. One milliliter of immunogen was inoculated subcutaneously to the animals. After ELISA design, immune response was evaluated by measuring specific IgG antibody titer and TNF-α measurement on serum samples and lymphocyte cell culture.Results: The antibody titer in the group receiving DNA was higher than the group receiving Alum and the control groups. The highest antibody level (1.463) was related to the FIV-AbDNA group in the fourth week. In the FIV-Alum group, the highest titer was 1.054, which indicates a weaker immune response compared to the DNA group. AbDNA also increased the production of TNF-α. TNF-α in immunized animals increased significantly compared to the control groups. The highest titer of TNF-α (1.44) was related to the FIV-AbDNA group on the serum sample.Conclusion: P.maltocida antigen together with bacterial DNA as an adjuvant is an alternative candidate for making new vaccines against P.maltocida. Considering the ability of AbDNA to create immune responses through the release of different cytokines, it is suggested to evaluate different types of cytokines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - Isolation and characterization of heavy metal resistant halophilic and halotolerant bacteria from the Lut desert
Nazanin Tavoosi Abbas Akhavan Sepahi Mohammad Ali Amoozegar Vahid KiarostamiBackground & Objectives: Heavy metal pollution has increased worldwide. Bioremediation of toxic heavy metals in saline environments with conventional microbiological treatment processes is not feasible. Therefore, the use of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria MoreBackground & Objectives: Heavy metal pollution has increased worldwide. Bioremediation of toxic heavy metals in saline environments with conventional microbiological treatment processes is not feasible. Therefore, the use of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria need to be considered for the remediation of saline ecosystems. This study aimed to isolate and characterize toxic heavy metal-resistant and halophilic/halotolerant bacteria from the Lut desert.Materials & Methods: After sampling, halophilic/halotolerant bacteria were isolated on Moderate Halophilic media. Morphological and biochemical characterizations of isolates were carried out. Each isolate's heavy metal resistance was identified by an agar dilution method and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC ) of each heavy metal was determined. Then, sixteen strains were randomly selected and subjected to 16S rRNA gene identification.Results: The least toxicities were found with selenite and arsenate on 74 selected isolates, while mercury exhibited the highest toxicity. The maximum MIC values of cadmium, copper, and chromium were the same. Although, the MIC value of zinc was significantly less. The remarkable resistance toward lead, selenite, and arsenate was reported. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most strains belong to the Bacillaceae family and Bacillus genus. Conclusion: Selected halophilic/halotolerant bacteria from the Lut desert had considerable resistance to heavy metals. Therefore, these strains could be considered for further investigations of the mechanisms involved in heavy metal resistance of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria or for bioremediation of polluted saline environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - Evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized by extracts of chamomile (Matricaria parthenium)
shabnam shamaei Faezeh Bashiri GoodarziBackground &Objectives: Silver nanoparticles have been widely used due to their anti-bacterial activities and anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects and cell toxicity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using extrac MoreBackground &Objectives: Silver nanoparticles have been widely used due to their anti-bacterial activities and anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects and cell toxicity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using extracts of chamomile on three neoplastic cell lines (A549, MCF-7 and HeLa). Materials & Methods: Silver nanoparticles were biologically synthesized using extracts of chamomile. After physical and chemical evaluation of the synthesized nanoparticles, their antimicrobial properties were estimated on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, the inhibitory effect of synthesized nanoparticles evaluated by using MTT technique on 3 neoplastic cell lines. Results: The average size of nanoparticles synthesized by the extract of chamomile were 19 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles could have a significant inhibitory and lethal effect on the two named bacteria. silver nanoparticles were able to show a 50% inhibitory effect on different cell lines at a concentration of 50 μg/ml. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be stated that medicinal plants can be used in the successful biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. After human studies and tests, chamomile-based silver nanoparticles can be used as effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of some cancers due to their coating of effective secondary metabolites and the release of silver ions (Ag+). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - A bioinformatics study of antibacterial peptide Attacin1a in Tenebrio molitor
Mohammad Hossein Karimi Gouraji Mehdi Golestaninasab Shakiba Darvish AlipourBackground & Objectives: Nowadays, antimicrobial peptides produced from insects are considered for their antibacterial activity against pathogens and the fewer side effects. The aim of MoreBackground & Objectives: Nowadays, antimicrobial peptides produced from insects are considered for their antibacterial activity against pathogens and the fewer side effects. The aim of this study is a bioinformatics analysis of attacin1a as an antibacterial compound and the investigation of its physicochemical properties for laboratory research based on the production of drug delivery carriers and vaccine design.Materials & methods: The sequence of attacin1a gene belonged to T. molitor, was extracted in FASTA format from the NCBI database; www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. The Molecular weight, similarity and physicochemical characteristics were investigated in the attacin1a and their homologous peptides. In addition, the second and tertiary structures of the attacin1a were predicted using bioinformatics software’s, and the function and immunogenicity of the peptide were studied.Results: Bioinformatics studies showed that the amino acid sequences of the attacin1a were conserved in the central and c-terminal regions between 10 members of the suborder Polyphaga. The assessment of structural and biochemical properties showed that the attacin1a structure contains 51% of non-polar amino acids with a disorder index of 61% and flexibility of 53%. The second structure of attacin1a consisted of 52.60% Random coils, 21.43% beta-strands and 21.43% alpha helices. The prediction of the tertiary structure in the Phyre2 showed 32% confidence and 31.1% identity to a beta-immunoglobulin protein (d2aw2a1). This peptide doesn’t have a high ability to stimulate the immune system.Conclusion: The abundance of beta strands in the attacin 1a structure increased the molecule's stability and its ability to cross through the cell membrane in bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
448 - Investigation of antibacterial resistance and biofilm production capacity of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis in Guilan
Leila Asadpour Ahmadreza SahranavardBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus epidermidis is a member of the microbiota of human skin, respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract which its the most important virulence factor is the ability to form biofilms. The aim of this study was to investigate ant MoreBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus epidermidis is a member of the microbiota of human skin, respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract which its the most important virulence factor is the ability to form biofilms. The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial resistance and investigation of biofilm production in clinical isolates of S. epidermidis in Guilan. Materials & Methods: S. epidermidis were isolated from clinical specimens in Rasht. Antibiotic resistance of isolates was evaluated by disk diffusion method and phenotypic evaluation of biofilm production capability by microplate method. The presence of genes involved in biofilm formation including icaA, icaD, bhp and aap was investigated by PCR. Results: Out of 70 isolated Staphylococcus epidermidis, the highest resistance was against penicillin and vancomycin was the most effective antibiotic. In phenotypic assay, 38 isolates (54.3%) were able to produce biofilm, of which 94.7%, 55.3% and 42.1%, presence of icaA, icaD and aap genes were detected respectively. The bhp gene was not detected in the studied isolates. Conclusion: The results indicate high rate of antibacterial resistance and biofilm forming ability in S. epidermidis isolates in Guilan and as a result the high potential of these isolates in colonization, pathogenicity and acquisition of multidrug resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
449 - Mechanism of action of an antifungal batercin produced by a marine Bacillus sp. Sh10
fatemeh shayesteh Gires UsupBackground and objective: bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by different bacteria and can be applied as a therapeutic agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the mode of action of broad-spectrum bacteriocin produced by a marine Bacillus, strain Sh MoreBackground and objective: bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by different bacteria and can be applied as a therapeutic agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the mode of action of broad-spectrum bacteriocin produced by a marine Bacillus, strain Sh10, on Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Materials and Methods: Cell viability assay, determination of UV-absorbing materials, K+, inorganic phosphate, ATP, and LIVE/DEAD cell viability assay as well as scanned and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the mode of action of bacteriocin. Results: The addition of 1 × MIC of bacteriocin to a cell suspension of C. albicans decreased the number of viable cells by about 4 log units over a period of 10 hours. It displayed a fungicidal mode of action with a massive leakage of K+ ions, inorganic phosphates, ATP, and UV-absorbance materials, leading to cell lysis. In addition, the permeability of C. albicans treated cells to propidium iodide was observed. The electron microscopic observations of treated cells indicated several modifications in cell morphology such as wrinkled surface, discontinuous and ruptured cell wall with concomitant lysis. Conclusion: The data obtained in the current study demonstrated that the present bacteriocin interacted with the cytoplasmic membrane of C. albicans cells, resulting in pore formation, resulting in the efflux of interacellular materials that exhibit a fungicidal effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - The effect of altitude on the bacterial diversity and abundance of the soil samples of Kazem Khan Mountain of saline Lake Urmia
Fatemeh ghafarnejad mogadam Mahmoud Shavandi Azam Haddadi Mohammad Ali AmoozegarBackground & Objectives: Considering the critical conditions of Lake Urmia, identifying bacteria with the ability to live in extreme environments is valuable in terms of microbial applications and tolerance of the existing biological conditions, and it helps us to b MoreBackground & Objectives: Considering the critical conditions of Lake Urmia, identifying bacteria with the ability to live in extreme environments is valuable in terms of microbial applications and tolerance of the existing biological conditions, and it helps us to better understand the surrounding environment. In this study, the most abundant microbial branch in the soil samples obtained from three different heights of 10, 150 and 250 meters of Qale Kazem Khan Mountain, which is located on the shore of a very salty lake in Urmia, has been investigated. Materials & Methods: The soil samples were collected to identify and classify Proteobacteria subgroups using 16S rRNA sequencing using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) as well as FLASH genetic software and UCHIME algorithm to identify the obtained sequences. Results: Altitude change affects the abundance of Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. The abundance percentage of Alphaproteobacteria has a direct relationship with altitude, while the abundance percentage of Betaproteobacteria increased with the decrease in altitude. Conclusion: in the overview the percentage of Proteobacteria abundance the samples has an inverse relationship with the increase in height, whereas in the separate examination of the microbial groups, a significant relationship between the increase and decrease in abundance and the height of sampling is observed. Also, two unknown and unclassified genera in the Deltaproteobacteria order were also identified which a very high frequency percentage (18-27%) among the data had related to the three samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
451 - Study of the removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by a halotolerant bacteria isolated from Dehloran Oil-contaminated soil
Maryam Firoozbakht Abbas Akhavan Sepahi Hamid Rashedi Fatemeh YazdianBackground and Objectives: Soil contamination by petroleum compounds and salt often occurs simultaneously. The aim of this study was the isolation of halotolerant bacterial strains with the ability to remove different concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( MoreBackground and Objectives: Soil contamination by petroleum compounds and salt often occurs simultaneously. The aim of this study was the isolation of halotolerant bacterial strains with the ability to remove different concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Material and Methods: In the present original study, petroleum-contaminated soil samples were collected from Dehlran area. To isolate bacterial strains degrading PAHs, PAHs- enriched media were used as the sole source of carbon and energy. The ability of the isolates to tolerate different salt concentrations was investigated. Based on its capacity to produce biosurfactants, a suitable bacterial strain was chosen and the biodegradation of various types of PAHs was evaluated. The effects of the molecular weight and initial concentration of different types of PAHs on the strain’s cell growth and biodegradation were investigated. Results: Among the isolates, Labedella gwakjiensis strain KDI, with the ability to grow at concentrations greater than 3% salt and produce biosurfactants, was selected. The results demonstrated that this strain could biodegrade various types of PAHs, and that the molecular weight and initial concentration of PAHs, which have a direct effect on cell growth, indirectly affect the biodegradation rate. Conclusion: Salt is considered as a deterrent in biodegradation. Hence the use of halotolerant bacterial strains capable of biodegrading PAHs is critical in removing these pollutants from the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
452 - Identification and evaluation of antidiabetic activity of bacteria isolated from Persian Gulf sponges
Atefeh Ansarizadeh Farshid Kafilzadeh Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi Mohammad Kargar Mohsen GozariBackground and purpose: Screening and identification of bacteria associated with sponges is an important step in the discovery of new drugs. The purpose of this research was to isolate and identify bacteria associated with sponges around Hormuz Island and to find bacter MoreBackground and purpose: Screening and identification of bacteria associated with sponges is an important step in the discovery of new drugs. The purpose of this research was to isolate and identify bacteria associated with sponges around Hormuz Island and to find bacteria that produce metabolites that inhibit the activity of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes. Materials and methods: In this study, 25 samples of Haliclona and Niphatea sponges were collected from 6 stations. Identification was done based on phenotypic characteristics. Bacteria were cultured in broth nutrient medium and their secondary metabolites were extracted by ethyl acetate. The inhibition rate of metabolites against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase was evaluated based on colorimetric methods. The toxicity of metabolites against normal umbilical cord endothelial cell line was investigated. The productive bacteria were identified by polyphasic taxonomy approach. Results: A total of 105 bacteria were isolated. Vibrio and Bacillus bacteria with 32.81% and 17.19% in Haliclona sp. and 19.51% and 34.15% in Niphatea sp. The metabolites extracted from 3 isolates inhibited amylase enzyme activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.248 to 366.8 µg/ml. Also, 4 isolates produced inhibitory metabolites against alpha-glucosidase enzyme in IC50 values from 159.4 to 670.9 µg/ml. Based on the results of polyphasic identification of capable isolates including Bacillus pumilus HH 165, Pseudomonas lurida HH 124, Streptomyces sp. HN 235, Bacillus tequilensis HN 231. Conclusion: In this study, 3 strains of bacteria producing inhibitory compounds, including alpha-ambellase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes, and without cytotoxicity were identified. The mentioned bacteria can be suitable candidates in diabetes studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
453 - Identification and differentiation of E. coli and Shigella from other Enterobacteriaceae sp. by lamB gene amplification
Jamileh Nowroozi Ramazan Rajabnia Seyedeh Maryam ChenariAbstract Background and Objective: Metallic green sheen and lactose fermentation has been used for identification and differentiation of E. coli from other enterobacteriaceae in laboratories for many years. However, these methods defect to accurate diagnosis of MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Metallic green sheen and lactose fermentation has been used for identification and differentiation of E. coli from other enterobacteriaceae in laboratories for many years. However, these methods defect to accurate diagnosis of E. coli. This study employed lamB gene PCR amplification to distinguish E. coli and Shigella from other enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical samples and surface waters, collected in Babol, Iran. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 clinical samples from patients attending health centers and 30 surface water samples were gathered in Babol . All samples were grown on blood agar and Eosin methylene blue. After first biochemical identification, DNA of the samples were extracted and lamB gene was amplified using the PCR reaction. Results: After cultivation of the samples on blood agar and eosin methylene blue media and biochemical identification of the strains, it has been shown that all 40 isolated E. coli and 30 Shigella carry the lamB gene. However, none of the Salmonella and Klebsiella strains showed the related band. Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, investigation of lamB gene is an appropriate method for initial isolation of E. coli and Shigella from other enterobacteriaceae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
454 - Separation and molecular identification of Rhodobacter sphaeroides from anaerbic lagoon of wastewater treatment system
Majid Moghbeli Mohammad Reza Shafaati -
Open Access Article
455 - Isolation and identification of mercury resistant bacteria from water and sediments of Kor River, Iran
Farshid Kafilzadeh Nima Mirzaei Mehdi KargarBackground and objectives: Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals. Even small amounts of mercury are highly toxic for all organisms, but some bacteria are resistant to mercury using special mechanisms. The aims of this study were isolation and identification of m MoreBackground and objectives: Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals. Even small amounts of mercury are highly toxic for all organisms, but some bacteria are resistant to mercury using special mechanisms. The aims of this study were isolation and identification of mercury resistant bacteria and survey of relation between levels of environment pollution to mercury and isolation of resistant bacteria. Material and methods: The samples were collected from water and sediments of four stations of Kor River in four seasons from summer 2006 to spring 2007. Amount of mercury in the samples were measured. Bacterial numbers in both medium containing mercury and with out mercury were enumerated. Isolation of mercury resistant bacteria was performed using primary enrichment and direct plating on agar. The bacteria were identified with conventional biochemical tests. Results: The number bacteria in the medium with out Hg was 1×107 CFU/ml or CFU/g and more than medium containing Hg. Frequencies of mercury resistant bacteria was 54.2 % in Ploe Khan station and 4.3 % in Droodzan station. These stations were the most contaminated and uncontaminated areas of the Kor River Respectively. Different bacterial genera such as Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp., Entrobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Serratia marcescens and etc. were identified as mercury resistant bacteria. Conclusion: Our study showed utilization of primary enrichment in comparing to the direct plating on agar lead to better isolation of mercury resistant bacteria. Moreover, enhancement of mercury levels in the environment will increase the probability of the isolation of mercury resistant bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
456 - Screening of crude oil degrading bacteria from industrial effluents in Shiraz
Mehdi Hassanshahian Hajar MoradiBackground & Objectives: Pollution of the environment with petroleum and its derivatives is a serious threat to human health and the environment, so treatment of these substances is of great importance. The bioremediation process is defined as the use of microorgani MoreBackground & Objectives: Pollution of the environment with petroleum and its derivatives is a serious threat to human health and the environment, so treatment of these substances is of great importance. The bioremediation process is defined as the use of microorganisms to remove many industrial effluents, including petroleum products. The aim of this research is the isolation and characterization of crude oil degrading bacteria from some industrial sewage in Shiraz. Material & Methods: This study was performed to isolate crude oil degrading bacteria from some industrial areas of Shiraz. To investigate the effect of crude oil on the frequency and variety of microbial populations of soil and water sampling, identification and counting of crude-oil degrading bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria were performed by CFU and MPN methods. Preliminary identification of the strains was carried out based on biochemical characteristics. Then properties such as oil-spreading,emulsifying activity, growth and degradation rate of these bacteria were investigated. Results:After screening, it was found that 20 strains were capable of growing and decomposing crude oil. The highest oil-spreading,bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon, emulsifying activity were related to PE3, SN1, DS1, 23%, 16% and 22%, respectively. Using these results seven suitable strains were selected and crude oil removal rates determined by spectrophotometric and gravimetric methods for each strain. One strain with the highest rate of crude oil degradation was Cellulosimicrobium cellulans by molecular method. This strain had the best efficiency of degradation (67 %) in 1.5 parentage of crude oil. By optimization of factors affecting crude oil degradation such as carbon source, nitrogen source, time and mixed culture the best degradation (100%) was take place. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of these microorganisms by creating optimal conditions can be an important step in the removal and control of oil pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
457 - Screening Native L-glutaminase Producing Bacteria and Enzyme Production by Submerged Fermentation
Maryam Ranjbar-Mobarake Mohsen Mobini-Dehkordi Ali Asghar RastegaryBackground and Objective: L-glutaminase is widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries, such as treatment of leukemia. This study aimed to isolate and identify native L-glutaminase producing bacteria in Iran and to study its quantitative activity in submerged ferm MoreBackground and Objective: L-glutaminase is widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries, such as treatment of leukemia. This study aimed to isolate and identify native L-glutaminase producing bacteria in Iran and to study its quantitative activity in submerged fermentation. Material and Methods: The L-glutaminase producer bacteria were isolated from soil and water samples of Zayandehrod and Karoon Rivers and also from the sediments of fishing pools. The isolates were screened using minimal glutamine agar (MGA) medium for producing L-glutaminase enzyme. The samples were grown in a submerged fermentation system using mineral salt glutamine (MSG) medium, and the produced enzyme was assayed quantitatively. The best glutaminase producer bacterium was identified by the gram-staining and biochemical tests. Result: In this study, 11 glutaminase producer strains were isolated. Bacillus subtilis CH3-GLU strain showed maximum enzyme productivity 37.91±0.62 U/ml at temperature 45° C after 96 hours. Conclusion: Based on this study, Bacillus subtilis CH3-GLU showed the highest rate of glutaminase production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
458 - Marine actinobacteria: a source for discovering of new drugs
Mohammad Nazarian Iraj Nabipour Akram NajafiMarine actinobacteria are virtually unlimited sources of novel secondary metabolites and are very important from therapeutic and industrial points of view. There are more than 22,000 known microbial secondary metabolites, 70% of which are produced by actinobacteria. A MoreMarine actinobacteria are virtually unlimited sources of novel secondary metabolites and are very important from therapeutic and industrial points of view. There are more than 22,000 known microbial secondary metabolites, 70% of which are produced by actinobacteria. Actinobacteria from terrestrial sources have been examined and identified since the 1950s, for many significant antibiotics, anticancer, anti-tumor and immunosuppressive activities. However, obtaining the previously discovered metabolites from terrestrial actinobacteria habitats attracted studies to different ecological habitats. The ecological role of actinobacteria in the marine environment is greatly neglected. Currently, the existence of marine actinobacteria have received considerable attention due to the structural diversity, unique biological activities of their secondary metabolites and a growing need for the development of new and potent therapeutic agents. In recent years, newly discovered secondary metabolites have shown a range of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antitumor, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, anti malaria, antiviral, antioxidant, etc. In this review, an evaluation is made on the current status of research on marine actinobacteria yielding pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites. Bioactive compounds from marine actinobacteria possess distinct chemical structures that may form the basis for synthesis of new drugs that could be used to combat resistant pathogens. With the increasing advancement in science and technology, there would be a greater demand for new bioactive compounds synthesized by actinobacteria from various marine sources in future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
459 - Prevent of death caused by E. coli k99 in infant mice by colicinogenic E. coli
Fatemeh Golestan Yahya Tahamtan Masoumeh Hayati Elham MoazamianBackground and Objective: E. coli k99 is one of the major causes of diarrhea in neonatal calves. Colicin is an antimicrobial peptide produced by one strain of E. coli to suppress the growth of other strains of E. coli. The aim of this study was to control E. coli k99 in MoreBackground and Objective: E. coli k99 is one of the major causes of diarrhea in neonatal calves. Colicin is an antimicrobial peptide produced by one strain of E. coli to suppress the growth of other strains of E. coli. The aim of this study was to control E. coli k99 infection in mice by oral administration of colicinogenic E. coli (CEC). Material and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on two groups of control and treatment infant mice, strain BALB/c. The control group was subdivided into two groups: one group was fed with colicinogenic E. coli (CEC) and the second control group was E. coli k99. The treatment group was administrated with colicinogenic E. coli (CEC) and also with E. coli k99 in intervals. Finally, the mortality rate of the mice was assayed in both treatment and control groups. Result: Results of this study delineated that all mice in the control group who were fed with colicinogenic E. coli was survived while 83% of the second control group (40 cases) died due to production of heat-stable enterotoxin. Our study showed that the mortality rate in the treatment group was significantly reduced, and the reduction rate was increased in higher doses of colicinogenic E. coli (CEC). Conclusion: Based on the antibacterial activity of CEC against E. coli k99, colicin is an appropriate choice for control of the infection. Furthermore, it is possible to replace colicins instead of conventional antibiotics for control of the intestinal disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
460 - Anti-microbial Effect of Nanoparticles on Non-Helicobacter Pylori Urease Positive Bacteria Isolated from Peptic Ulcer Patients
Jamile Nowrozi Mahtab Golmohamadi Ghadikolaii Farzane Hosaini Shahram Agah Siamak KhaleghiBackground and Objective: Recently the presence of several urease-positive bacteria other than Helicobacter pylori has been reported in gastric ulcer patients. The purpose of this study was the isolation and identification of urease-positive bacteria other than Helicoba MoreBackground and Objective: Recently the presence of several urease-positive bacteria other than Helicobacter pylori has been reported in gastric ulcer patients. The purpose of this study was the isolation and identification of urease-positive bacteria other than Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastric ulcer and at the same time, determining the anti-microbial effects of silver nanoparticles on the isolated bacteria. Materials and Methods: 50 gastric antrum biopsies were collected from patients with gastric ulcer who were admitted to the Rasoul Akram hospital (Tehran) by gastrointestinal specialists. The samples were transferred to the microbiology laboratory by transitive liquid medium. Urease-positive bacteria in the stomach were identified by standard bacteriological methods, including culture-specific and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial effects of the silver nanoparticles on urease-positive bacteria were determined according to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal Concentration (MBC) techniques. Results: The results showed that 42% of collected samples was urease-positive (10% Klebsiella pneumoniae, 10% Staphylococcus aureus, 8% Enterobacter cloace, 6% Enterobacter aglomerans, 4% Klebsiella azaene and 4%Citrobacter frondi). The antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles on the isolated bacteria showed 1.56-12.5 MIC and 3.125-25 MBC. Conclusion: Growth of urease-positive bacteria may lead to false positive observation on UBT and rapid urease tests. Therefore, it is better all urease-positive bacteria isolated from stomach to be sent for accurate diagnosis in order to improve the impacts of treatment. Also, in order to avoiding of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, silver nanoparticles are appropriate alternatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
461 - The effect of homologous and heterologous Bacterial DNA on the development of immune responses against Pasteurella multocida in BALB / c mice
Yahya Tahamtan Maryam Homayoon Mohammad KargarBackground & Objectives: Pasteurella multocida is a principal pathogen of domestic animals causing agents of pneumonia and hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle, sheep, and goats, fowl cholera in chickens, and progressive atrophic rhinitis in swine and as well as an oppo MoreBackground & Objectives: Pasteurella multocida is a principal pathogen of domestic animals causing agents of pneumonia and hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle, sheep, and goats, fowl cholera in chickens, and progressive atrophic rhinitis in swine and as well as an opportunistic pathogen of humans. In this study, we investigated the humoral and cellular immune responses and protective immunity conferred by an iron-inactivated vaccine with two different bacterial DNA as an adjuvant. Materials & Methods: P. multocida was grown in BHI broth, inactivated with FeCl3, adjuvanted with alum and P. multocida A (homologous DNA) and P. multocida B (heterologous DNA) bacterial DNAs. BALB/c mice were immunized with two whole-cell inactivated vaccine doses at 2 weeks apart. The animals were challenged 4 weeks after booster immunization. The serum antibodies titer was tested by ELISA. At 28 days post-immunization, cell mediates immunity responses were measured by assay of DTH and IL-6 and IL-12 in the serum samples. Results: Our results showed the levels of antibodies in bDNA adjuvant groups were higher than the alum adjuvant vaccine group. Peak antibody titers of 0.372 were obtained in the IIA+AbDNA group. The protection rate of the AbDNA adjuvant vaccine was better than of other adjuvant vaccines and they protected 100% of mice challenge groups. Peak serum IL-6 and IL-12 titers were achieved in the IIA+AbDNA groups. Conclusion: These studies indicate that bDNA is effective as immune adjuvants and because of its stimulating properties it can be used as an inducer of humoral and cellular immune responses for vaccination applications. The findings also showed a better ability of homologous bDNA to induce immune responses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
462 - The effect of mix ratio and culture type on the bioleaching of a low grade sulfide copper ore using Mesophile bacteria
Ali Zarrinpour Zahra Manafi Mohammad Noaparast Seyed Ziaaldin ShafaeiBackground and Objective: In this research, the effect of mix ratio and culture type on the bioleaching of a heap leaching 1 sulfide copper ore using Mesophile bacteria has been investigated. The different bacteria types have a special mechanism in sulfide ore dissoluti MoreBackground and Objective: In this research, the effect of mix ratio and culture type on the bioleaching of a heap leaching 1 sulfide copper ore using Mesophile bacteria has been investigated. The different bacteria types have a special mechanism in sulfide ore dissolution. So increase recovery can reached with change of bacteria mix ratio. The microorganism, employed in bioleaching process, reach energy for existence from culture and the materials which has been rest under leaching. So the poor and strong culture can be effective for increase of recovery. Materials and Methods: The residual ore of Sarcheshmeh copper heap leaching 1 because of leaching is more than sulfide type. The copper grade at provided sample of heap was 0.23%. About 66% of copper minerals were sulfide which about 51% of them was chalcopyrite. The pyrite amount at the sample was 6%. These tests were down at the shake flask and by using of mixture of mesophile bacteria. Design of experiments was down based on perfect factorial with two levels. Results: Bacteria with producing sulfuric acid at the medium cause more solution and less acid consumption. Norris culture medium in comparison to 9K culture medium causes more recovery for sulfide ore. The reason of this is increase of iron in the solid medium due to precipitation of iron ions and probably formation of Jarosite. The insemination ratio did not show a remarkable effect but amount of added iron ions had a remarkable effect. Conclusion: The maximum of copper recovery was 66.38% after 25 days. The optimum conditions were obtained for reaching to maximum recovery with Norris culture, pH equal 1.6, mix ratio equal 40,40,20 for Tf, Tt, Lf and adding Fe2+ ion (1.5 g/l) . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
463 - Isolation and identification of microflora of farm ponds and gastrointestinal tract of western white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) beside their evaluation as probiotic
Mina Ziarati Mehran Avakh Keysami Farshid KafilzadehBackground and Objectives: Nowadays, Shrimp culture has been prevailed in most of tropical countries; however, a variety of diseases have currently affected the business worldwide. Infectious bacterial agents are the most significant hygienic problems observed in the cu MoreBackground and Objectives: Nowadays, Shrimp culture has been prevailed in most of tropical countries; however, a variety of diseases have currently affected the business worldwide. Infectious bacterial agents are the most significant hygienic problems observed in the cultured shrimps . This study was aimed to isolate and identify microflora of farm ponds and western white shrimp gastrointestinal tract (Litopenaeus vannamei) in the Bushehr Province farm ponds and their survey as probiotic. Materials and Methods: The shrimp and pond water samples were collected from 10 farm ponds (located at Bushehr Province). After transferring the samples to laboratory, the shrimp samples were autopsied to access to their intestinal microflora. The isolated bacteria were identified based on biochemical tests, morphology and Biolog software. Antibacterial activities of the isolates against 6 common pathogenic bacteria in shrimps were then investigated using well diffusion and disk diffusion methods. Results: Overall, 12 bacterial genera were isolated from the farm ponds and shrimp gastrointestinal tract. The majority of bacterial species most abundantly isolated were Bacillus, Vibrio and Pseudomonas. Among the isolated bacteria, Bacillus, Micrococcus and Corynebacterium showed the most antibacterial activity against evaluated pathogenic bacteria. Conclusion: Almost all the isolated bacteria from shrimp gastrointestinal tract were found in farm ponds as well. The bacterium Bacillus sp., for instance, is able to inhibit the growth of pathogens through secreting antimicrobial products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
464 - Evaluation of antagonistic effect of probiotics Bifidobacteria spp. on E.coli O157:H7 in vitro
Najmeh Namdar Yahya Tahamtan Mohammad Kargar Mohammad Hosein HoseiniBackground and Objectives: E. coli O157:H7 is recognized to be one of the most important food-born pathogens causing hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotics Bifidobacteria spp. against growth or activity of E. MoreBackground and Objectives: E. coli O157:H7 is recognized to be one of the most important food-born pathogens causing hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotics Bifidobacteria spp. against growth or activity of E.coli O157:H7 was used in vitro. Material and methods: This experimentally study was performed on strains isolated from clinical samples and standard E. coli O157:H7. All samples were enriched on BHI and TSA media and then, cultured on CT-SMAC. For confirmation of verotoxigenic E. coli, biochemical, serological testes, multiplex PCR and culture on Vero cell line were performed. Also, agar gel diffusion assay was used to detect the antagonistic activity of the probiotic bacteria against pathogenic bacteria. Results: Result and discussion: According to used amount of probiotic, all the investigated strains showed a 15-30 diameter blanked area on Shiga producer E. coli O157:H7. The effect has been repeated in neutral pH, while organic acids had any meaningful effects on the pathogen strains. Conclusion: Probiotics are able to inhibit growth of E.coli O157:H7 and it’s not only because of organic acid or low pH but also it’s because of produce other antibacterial agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
465 - Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Extract from Malva silvestans and Lowsonia inermis on intestinal bactria
Zahra Hojjati Bonab Elhameh Nik khahBackground and Objectives: Malva silvestans and Lawsonia inermis are widely used in the East Azerbaijan folk medicine. The effective compounds of these plants describe probabely their biological activities and therapeutic activity. In this study, methanolic extract of t MoreBackground and Objectives: Malva silvestans and Lawsonia inermis are widely used in the East Azerbaijan folk medicine. The effective compounds of these plants describe probabely their biological activities and therapeutic activity. In this study, methanolic extract of these plants were used to detect antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Material and Methods: Superoxide anion radical scavenging assay was used for antioxidant activity test in which the superoxide anion radicals were generated by a pyrogallol auto oxidation system. The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of these plants was tested by disc diffusion method against three enteric microorganisms. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of methanolic extracts were determined, too. Results: The used assay for assessment of antioxidant activity in order to determine the accumulation of superoxide radicals in total extract of plant was not appropriate. However, for antibacterial assays, all three bacteria were susceptible to methanolic extract and showed 4 to 15 mm zone of inhibition. Conclusion: Although the total extracts of plants used in this study had appropriate antimicrobial activities,their antioxidant effects was not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
466 - Effects of Planting Date and Biofertilizer on Seedling Growth of Thymus daenensis Celak and T. vulgaris L. Cultivated in Borujerd, Iran
Sajad Shams Beyranvand Mohammad Farzam Ali Ariapour Jafar Nabati -
Open Access Article
467 - Optimal DG Placement for Power Loss Reduction and Improvement Voltage Profile Using Smart Methods
S.A Hashemi Zadeh O Zeidabadi Nejad S hasani A.A Gharaveisi GH Shahgholian -
Open Access Article
468 - Substation Expansion Planning Based on BFOA
H. Kiani Rad Z. Moravej -
Open Access Article
469 - Prediction of Tehran Stock Exchange Total Index Using Bacterial Foraging OptimizationAlgorithm
ahmad nateq golestanIt is impossible to advance the economic goals of any country without financial markets. Since the stock exchange is one of the most important financial markets in the country, and the stock index is one of the important parameters in determining it,s performance, So th MoreIt is impossible to advance the economic goals of any country without financial markets. Since the stock exchange is one of the most important financial markets in the country, and the stock index is one of the important parameters in determining it,s performance, So the stock index and economic development have an important interconnected relationship. Stock market forecasting has been considered as one of the most challenging financial issues and the accuracy of these forecasts is crucial for improving trading and investment strategies in the stock market. The total price of Tehran stock exchange price using intelligent methods. An optimization Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm has been for modeling. In this research, the total index of Tehran stock exchange price data for the 23rd March 2006 to 21rd March 2018. Ten using the total price index data (consists of the highest price, lowest price, closing price and total volume of stocks traded for the day) and finally, by Matlab software, the forecast price index waz calculated. The results of the research show that the algorithm has the accuracy of ninety seven percent ability to predict the total index price of the stock exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
470 - GAME OF COORDINATION FOR BACTERIAL PATTERN FORMATION: A FINITE AUTOMATA MODELLING
Sudeepto Bhattacharya Gaurav Srivastava -
Open Access Article
471 - Investigation of Effects of Bio Fertilizer Application on Zinc uptake and Some of Vegetative Growth Indices of Corn (Zea Mays L.) in a Non-Sterile Calcareous Soil with Different Levels of Salinity
H.R. Bostani mostafa chorom abdolamir moezzi najafali karimian naimeh enayati zamir mehdi zareiSalinity affects plant growth by decreasing the water and nutrients uptakes and disturbing the nutritional balance of plants. To investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Zinc (Zn) uptake and some of MoreSalinity affects plant growth by decreasing the water and nutrients uptakes and disturbing the nutritional balance of plants. To investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Zinc (Zn) uptake and some of growth indices of Corn (Zea Mays L.) at different soil salinity levels, a factorial experiment as completely randomized design with 3 replications was conducted in greenhouse of Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. Factors included three salinity levels (0 (S1), 15(S1) and 30 (S2) Meq salt kg-1 soil) and microbial inoculation (without inoculation (C), Glumus Intradices (F), Pesudomonas bacteria (B) and fungi + bacteria (BF)). The results showed that dry matter of shoot and root, root colonization percentage, stem diameter, plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll index were significantly reduced by increasing of salinity levels from S0 to S2. Using all microbial treatments resulted in increasing of all the above mentioned growth indices at all salinity levels significantly. Generally, the use of fungi and fungi-bacterial treatments in enhancement of growth indices of plant were higher than bacterial treatment alone. Zn concentration in shoot and root was increased by increasing of salinity levels while Zn uptakes were significantly decreased. Also, Zn concentration and uptakes in shoot and root were significantly increased by application of all microbial treatments compared to control and the higher increase was related to fungi-bacterial treatment and the lowest increase observed in bacterial treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
472 - Effects of stabilizer water deficiet (biofertilizers and nano zinc oxide) on effective traits at accumulative assimilate of grain of triticale under water withholding
یونس خیری زاده آروق رئوف سیدشریفی محمد صدقی مرتضی برمکیIn order to study the effect of biofertilizers and Nano zinc oxide foliar application on yield and traits related to grain growth of triticale under water withholding condition, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three re MoreIn order to study the effect of biofertilizers and Nano zinc oxide foliar application on yield and traits related to grain growth of triticale under water withholding condition, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research farming of Faculty of Agriculture Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2014. Factors experiment were included water withholding in three levels (Full irrigation, irrigation to %50 of heading and booting stages), biofertilizers in four levels (non-use of Mycorrhiza and PGPR, application of mycorrhiza, application of PGPR, application of PGPR+Mycorrhiza) and Nano zinc oxide in four levels (non-foliar application and foliar application of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 g/lit). Results showed with increasing water limitation, yield, rate grain filling and the maximum of grain weight decreased. Means comparison showed that maximum of yield (663.26 g/m2), rate grain filling (0.00304 g/day), grain filling period (41.5 day), effective grain filling period (25.6 day) and the maximum of grain weight (0.078 g) were obtained at application of PGPR+Mycorrhiza, foliar application of 0.9 g/lit nano zinc oxide and full irrigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
473 - Effect of solubilizing phosphate bacteria Pseudomonas putida on salt tolerance of two sunflower cultivars
M. Yosefirad F. MoghimiThis study aimed to investigate the effect of solubilizing phosphate bacteria Pseudomonas putida on salt tolerance of two sunflower cultivars in crop year 2010 in greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, was performed. The experiment was done as factorial based on randomi MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of solubilizing phosphate bacteria Pseudomonas putida on salt tolerance of two sunflower cultivars in crop year 2010 in greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, was performed. The experiment was done as factorial based on randomized complete block design in three replications. First factor consist of non inoculation and inoculation of sunflower seeds with Pseudomonas putida, and second factor consist of two sunflower cultivars of Alstar and Progress and third factor was three levels of salinity control (0.6), 5 and 7 ds/m. Salinity decreased shoot dry weight, plant height, leaf number in plant, seed number per head, seed hundred weight, seed yield and phosphate content and concentration in studied varieties. All studied traits in inoculated plants with bacteria, in both conditions of stress salinity and non-stress were larger than non inoculated plants. Alstar cultivar was more salinity tolerant than to progress cultivar, but Progress to bacterial inoculation showed a better response in salinity condition. The research results showed that inoculated plants with bacteria had salt tolerance greater than non inoculated plants. Thus it can be stated that Pseudomonas putida increased salinity tolerance of sunflower in salinity stress condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - Effect of flooding in the reproductive stage and Methods fertilization on growth and biological nitrogen fixation in soybeans
mohammad khadempir سرالله گالشی افشین سلطانی فرشید قادری فرTo study the effect of waterlogging stress on dry matter accumulation, leaf area, number and nodule diameter nitrogen fixation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar DPX. Experiment was done at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorga MoreTo study the effect of waterlogging stress on dry matter accumulation, leaf area, number and nodule diameter nitrogen fixation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar DPX. Experiment was done at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in factorial with two factors. Factors included nutritional levels at three levels: (1 - inoculated with bacteria Japonicum bradyrhizobium 2 - non-inoculated plus nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg/ha urea) 3 - non-inoculated without nitrogen fertilizer) . The second factor was flooding stress periods (0, 5, 10 and 15 days). Flooding of soybean plants was in the reproductive growth stage (R2). The results showed duration flooding leaf surface and leaf dry weight were reduced by an average of 55% compared to control and root dry weight and root volume were increased by an average of 10 percent.Inoculation with bacteria form nodules were observed without fertilizer. With increasing duration of flooding stress nodes per plant, nodule diameter and nodule dry weight decreased. The nutritional levels of nitrogen fertilizer plus the non-inoculated into minimal impact from the flooding stress was . and nutritional parameters measured at the surface of the drop was less than control flooding stress have the greatest impact on nutritional levels had non-inoculated without fertilizerThe results indicate that it is desirable if soybean be fed by nitrogen fertilizer losses from the flooding will see fewer And the results showed a significant reduction of saturated nitrogen fixing nodules on soybean is . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - Effect of Trichoderma virens and Piriformospora indica coexistence with Enterobacter sp. on the growth and photosynthetic pigments in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plant
فائزه محمدی کشکا Hemmatollah Pirdashti یاسر یعقوبیان سیده حدیثه بهاری سارویIn order to evaluate the Effect of Trichoderma virens and Piriformospora indica coexistence with Enterobacter sp. on the growth and photosynthetic pigments in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plant an experiment was conducted during 2015 under controlled conditions. A factor MoreIn order to evaluate the Effect of Trichoderma virens and Piriformospora indica coexistence with Enterobacter sp. on the growth and photosynthetic pigments in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plant an experiment was conducted during 2015 under controlled conditions. A factorial experiment based completely randomized design with three replicates was used. Factors were two levels of inoculation and non-inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Enterobacter sp., and four levels of fungi coexistence including uninoculted control, Trichorerma virens (Tv), Piriformospora indica (Pi) and Tv+Pi. The pepper seeds were inoculated with the mentioned fungi and bacteria before sowing in the sterilized soil. The pots were kept in greenhouse for four weeks and then morphological parameters (leaf number, plant height, root length and leaf area) and aerial parts fresh and dry weights along with chlorophyll a, b, a+b, a/b and carotenoid contents were determined. Results indicated that aboveground fresh weights significantly increased in Pi and Tv+Pi inoculated seeds without Enterobacter as compared to the uninoculated control. Also, coexistence of Tv+Pi and Enterobacter increased root and plant dry weights (up to 58 and 40 %, respectively) and leaf and aerial parts dry weights (more than two times and 93 %, respectively) as compared to the uninoculated control. The maximum amount of carotenoid was recorded in coexistence of Pi and Enterobacter. In conclusion, results of the present study demonstrated that there was a positive effect between the growth promoting fungi, Tv and Pi, and phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria, Enterobacter, in terms of growth parameters of pepper plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - The Effect of different fertilization systems (chemical, biological and combinatory) on different characteristics of winter barley
Nasrin Mirzakarami Mohammad Mirzaei-Heydari Mahmoud RostaminiaIn order to evaluate the effect of the combined system of biological and chemical inputs on different characteristics of winter barley, the three-factor factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Sarableh Research MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of the combined system of biological and chemical inputs on different characteristics of winter barley, the three-factor factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Sarableh Research Station of Ilam, during the 2014-2015 growing seasons. Treatments contain the application method of biofertilizer factor that include, Soil inoculation at the depth of 4 cm in the soil and Seeds inoculation, the second factor was phosphorus (P) fertilizer as triple super phosphate include three levels of P fertilizer (0, 50 and 100 kg P ha-1), the third factor involves the use of bio-fertilizers (1. Azotobacter 2. Pseudomonas 3. Azotobacter + Pseudomonas 4. Control (no inoculation)). Mean comparison of treatments showed highly significant differences between different levels of P fertilizer. The comparison of means showed that significant differences exist between different levels of bio-fertilizers and grain yield (4206 kg ha-1) of the third level (Azotobacter + Pseudomonas) achieved a 26% increase compared to the control. The results of this study showed that the use of biofertilizers potentially reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers and decreasing potential human, animal and environmental impact. Finally, according to the survey results, it seems that seed inoculation method with biological fertilizer is more effective than terrestrial insemination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
477 - Effect of phosphorus rate, Rhizobium phaseoli inoculation and Nitragin biofertilizer on growth and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Meysam Ghanbarzadeh Hashem Aminpanah Hasan AkhgariA field experiment was conducted in Amlash, Guilan province to evaluate the effect of phosphorus rate (P), Rhizobium phaseoli inoculation and nitragin biofertilizer on growth and yield of common bean (Guilan landrace). The experiment was designed in a factorial arrangem MoreA field experiment was conducted in Amlash, Guilan province to evaluate the effect of phosphorus rate (P), Rhizobium phaseoli inoculation and nitragin biofertilizer on growth and yield of common bean (Guilan landrace). The experiment was designed in a factorial arrangement based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. The factors were P rate, Rhizobium phaseoli application, and application of nitragin biofertilizer. Result showed that grain and fresh pod yields were significantly increased by 28% and 21%, respectively, as P application rate increased from 0 to 50 kg ha-1. No significant increase in grain and fresh pod yields were observed as P application rate increased from 50 to 75 kg ha-1, but further increase in P rate (75 kg ha-1) reduced grain and fresh pod yields significantly. Regression analysis showed that the highest grain (1403.9 kg ha-1) and pod (8510.7 kg ha-1) yields were obtained when phosphorus was applied at the rate of 65.4 and 59.3 kg ha-1, respectively. Grain and fresh pod yields were significantly increased by 7 and 10% with nitragin biofertilizer application, respectively. Moreover, grain and fresh pod yields increased by 17% and 20% after Rhizobium inoculation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
478 - Investigation the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on growth, yield and dry matter remobilization in barley
Abazar Abbasia Shahram Mehri hosein soleimanzadeh Saeid AlipourIn order to survey the impact of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield and remobilization of photosynthetic dry matter in barley, a two-year factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replicates was MoreIn order to survey the impact of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield and remobilization of photosynthetic dry matter in barley, a two-year factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replicates was carried out on barley cultivar LB-IRAN, at the research farm of the Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch, Ardabil, Iran, in two consecutive years of 2019 and 2020 cropping years. First factor included five nitrogen levels: 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100 kg/ha net nitrogen, and second factor contained grain inoculations with four bacteria: no inoculation (control), Azotobacter crococcum strain 5, Azospirillum lipoferum strain of, and combination of the two mentioned bacteria. Fertilization was performed at planting, tillering, and grain filling stages. Results revealed that most of the studied traits were significant. Nitrogen rate increment resulted in the higher rates of the above mentioned traits so that 100 kg/ha nitrogen significantly showed the highest amounts while control caused the lowest ones. Combined treatment of the bacteria resulted in the higher rates compared to the single bacteria, and control showed the lowest amounts. Also, it was observed that application of 100 kg/ha nitrogen on Azotobacter crococcum strain 5, and Azospirillum lipoferum strain of resulted in the lowest rate of dry matter remobilization from stem and whole plant to the grain, and contribution of dry matter remobilization from stem and whole plant to the grain while, control treatments of nitrogen and of PGPRs caused the highest rates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - Evaluation of the effect of growth stimulating bacteria on the yield and efficiency of wheat water consumption under the influence of irrigation rate and method
ashkan rostamian payam moaveni mehdi sadeghi shoae Hamid Mozafari faezeh rajabzadehThis research evaluated the reaction of wheat against different moisture stresses and different irrigation methods, as well as the reaction to growth-promoting bacteria in terms of different traits related to yield and water use efficiency during two crop years. The exp MoreThis research evaluated the reaction of wheat against different moisture stresses and different irrigation methods, as well as the reaction to growth-promoting bacteria in terms of different traits related to yield and water use efficiency during two crop years. The experimental factors include the irrigation regime with three levels (irrigation at 40% of available moisture discharge during the entire growth period (normal), normal irrigation until pollination and no irrigation up to 60% of available moisture discharge until the end of the growth period, irrigation until pollination and stop irrigation until the end of the growth period), irrigation methods with 5 levels (regular leakage, leakage of one furrow in the middle of variable, leakage of one furrow in the middle of constant, rain, type (strip-drop)) and the third factor of growth-increasing bacteria with There were two levels (non-use and use (combination of Microbacterium + Azobacter + Azosperlium + Pseudomonas). The results showed that the factor of irrigation regime had a significant effect on biological performance and grain yield, so that the second and third irrigation regimes (respectively with 7.89 and 4.70 tons per hectare) reduced these traits. Different irrigation methods had an effect on different quantitative and qualitative traits, but the most efficient water consumption was achieved in the tip irrigation method with a rate of 3 kg/m3. The use of bacterial integration increased the biological yield and grain to the extent of 9.79 and 13.51 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
480 - Bacterial Species as Causative Agents Involved in Pistachios Dieback in Iran
Elham Tavasoli Mohammad Moradi Nader Hasanzadeh Pejman Khodaygan Claudia Probst -
Open Access Article
481 - Evaluation of Ice Nucleation Activity (INA) and INA Gene Detection in the Bacteria Isolated from Pistachio Trees in Kerman Province, Iran
Mahdieh Rostami Nader Hasanzadeh Pezhman Khodaygan Ali Riahi Madvar -
Open Access Article
482 - جداسازی و شناسایی باکتریهای مقاوم به شوری و خشکی از مزارع کشاورزی شهرستان جیرفت
زینب فتوحیانیکی از راهکارهای مقابله با شوری و کاهش آثار زیان بار آن معرفی باکتریهای تحمل کننده شوری است. در این تحقیق باکتریهای بومی مقاوم به شوری و خشکی جداسازی و شناسایی شدند. نرخ رشد جدایه ها در غلظت های مختلف شوری (5، 10، 15، 20، 25، 35 و 40 درصد)، خشکی (0.50، 0.15-، 0.03-، 0.4 Moreیکی از راهکارهای مقابله با شوری و کاهش آثار زیان بار آن معرفی باکتریهای تحمل کننده شوری است. در این تحقیق باکتریهای بومی مقاوم به شوری و خشکی جداسازی و شناسایی شدند. نرخ رشد جدایه ها در غلظت های مختلف شوری (5، 10، 15، 20، 25، 35 و 40 درصد)، خشکی (0.50، 0.15-، 0.03-، 0.49- و 0.73- مگاپاسکال) ، pH و 50 درجه سانتیگراد بررسی شد. سپس تولید اکسین، سیدروفور، هیدروژن سیانید و حلالیت فسفات مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مجموعاً از 42 نمونه خاک 50 عدد باکتری به دست آمد. از بین جدایهها، کدهای K4، K10، K12، K14، K15 مربوط به کنارصندل، کدهای C8، C10، C11 مربوط به کریمآباد، کدهای A2، A3، A4 مربوط به عنبرآباد به سبب داشتن رشد تا غلظت نمک 40%، مقاوم به شوری بودند. همچنین کدهای K4، K14، K15، C8 توانایی رشد در پتانسیل آبی 73/0- را دارا بودند و به خشکی مقاوم بودند. از بین جدایههای منتخب، جدایه های C8 و K4 توانایی رشد در pH بالا و دمای 50 درجه سانتیگراد را داشتند. همچنین جدایه C8 با تولید1.8 میکروگرم بر میلیلیتر بیشترین میزان اکسین را تولید کرد و تنها جدایهای بود که انحلال فسفات را انجام داد. جدایههای C8 و K14 توانایی تولید سیدورفور را در بین جدایهها داشتند. بنابراین جدایه C8 باسیلوس سوبتیلیس به عنوان جدایه برتربود . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
483 - جداسازی و شناسایی باکتری های متحمل به شوری و خشکی از مزارع کشاورزی جیرفت
زینب فتوحیان احمد یوسفیکدهای کریم آباد، A2، A3، A4 برای انبار آباد به دلیل رشد تا غلظت 40 درصد نمک به شوری مقاوم بودند. همچنین کدهای K4، K14، K15 و C8 قابلیت رشد در پتانسیل آبی 0.73- و مقاوم به خشکی را داشتند. از جدایه های انتخابی، جدایه C8 توانایی رشد در pH بالا را داشت و جدایه های C8 و K4 ق Moreکدهای کریم آباد، A2، A3، A4 برای انبار آباد به دلیل رشد تا غلظت 40 درصد نمک به شوری مقاوم بودند. همچنین کدهای K4، K14، K15 و C8 قابلیت رشد در پتانسیل آبی 0.73- و مقاوم به خشکی را داشتند. از جدایه های انتخابی، جدایه C8 توانایی رشد در pH بالا را داشت و جدایه های C8 و K4 قابلیت رشد در دمای 50 درجه سانتی گراد را داشتند. همچنین ایزوله C8 با تولید 8/1 میکروگرم در میلی لیتر اکسین بیشترین میزان اکسین را در بین جدایه ها تولید کرد و تنها ایزوله ای بود که فسفات را حل کرد. جدایه های C8 و K14 توانایی تولید سیدروفور در ایزوله ها را داشتند. بنابراین، با توجه به شناسایی بیوشیمیایی و مولکولی جدایه C8، باسیلوس سوبتیلیس به عنوان جدایه برتر شناخته شد. این جدایه از منطقه کریم آباد جدا شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - Characterization, photocatalytic, and antibacterial activity of Ag–TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by electrical arc discharge method
Mahdi Hajivaliei Majid Lashkanpour -
Open Access Article
485 - Three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship approach series of 3-Bromo-4-(1-H-3-Indolyl)-2, 5-Dihydro-1H-2, 5- Pyrroledione as antibacterial agents
Mukesh Chandra Sharma Smita Sharma Dharm Veer Kohli Subash Chandra Chaturvedi -
Open Access Article
486 - Synthesis, Anti-bacterial and Anti-fungal evaluation of 3-(Substitutedphenyl)-N-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4 yl)acrylamide
Pravinkumar M. Patel Ashvin D. Panchal -
Open Access Article
487 - بررسی همزیستی توام قارچ میکوریزای آرباسکولار و باکتری مزوریزوبیوم بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کشت مخلوط ذرت و لوبیا چشم بلبلی
Z. Marzban M. R. Ameryan M. Mamarabadi In order to study the effect of mesorhizobium bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on the yield and yield components of corn and cow pea under intercropping, experiment was carried out in the research field of Faculty of Agricu More In order to study the effect of mesorhizobium bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi on the yield and yield components of corn and cow pea under intercropping, experiment was carried out in the research field of Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology in the growing season of 2010 using RCBD design and with three replication. Experimental treatments were included in the from of monocropping and intercropping on the basis of additive series, include: zea mayzs (Z), Bean (B), Intercropping (I), Zea mays+ Mycorrhizal (ZM), Bean+ Mycorrhizal (BM), Bean + Mesorhizobuim Bacteria (BB), Bean+ Mycorrhizal + Mesorhizobium Bacteria (BMB), Intercropping + Mycorrhizal (IM), Intercropping +Mesorhizobium Bacteria(IB) Intercropping + Mycorrhizal +Mesorhizobium Bacteria (IMB). The results indicated meaningful difference regarding the characteristics such as bean seed yield, 1000 bean seed weight, and average number of corn seeds in ear, ad well ad corn seed yield and 1000 corn seed weight under various treatments (P<0.01). However, the results did not indicate statistically meaningful difference concerning characteristics like the number of bean pods, average number of bean seed in pod, and the number of ear per plant under various treatments. Regarding bean seed, maximum yield with average weight of 3053.7 kg per hectare belonged to bean-Mesorhizobium intercropping treatment, and minimum yield with average weight of 1900.5 kg per hectare belonged to bean monocropping treatment . Similarly, regarding corn seed, Maximum yield with average weight of 5751.9 kg per hectare belonged to corn- Mesorhizobium intercropping teartmeant and minimum yield with average weight of 2695.9 kg per hectare belonged to corn monocropping treatment. LER highest with average 2.89 obtained from treatment intercropping and the least with average 1.87 was obtained in treatment Mesorhizobium intercropping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
488 - Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria , foliar application of amino acids and silicic acid on yield and yield components of wheat under drought stress
D. HabibiDrought is an abiotic stress that restrict water for agriculture.This experiment was conducted with irrigation factor at two levels includes{a1: Control ,a2: cut irrigation after flowering stage} and the second experimental treatments at five levels includes{ b1:control MoreDrought is an abiotic stress that restrict water for agriculture.This experiment was conducted with irrigation factor at two levels includes{a1: Control ,a2: cut irrigation after flowering stage} and the second experimental treatments at five levels includes{ b1:control,b2:seed inoculated with bacteria(Azospirillum,Azotobacter, Pseudomonas), b3:seed inoculated with bacteria (Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas) and sprayed silicic acids, b4: seed inoculated with bacteria (Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonase) and sprayed amino acids,b5: seed inoculated with bacteria (Azospirillum, Azotobacter، Pseudomonas) and sprayed silicic acids with amino acids} in randomized complete blocks design with four replicates using analysis of split plot. Results showed that drought stress reduced the traits measured, but seed inoculated with plant growth promoting bacteria, sprayed silicic acid and amino acids in normal irrigation and drought stress conditions increased seed 1000 weight, spike length, number of spikelet per spike,number of seeds per spike,biological yield and seed yield. Also seed inoculated with plant growth promoting bacteria and combined silicic acid and amino acid application increased seed yield in normal irrigation and drought stress about %27/76 and %44/64, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
489 - The study of biological manure effect on decreasing demand chemical fertilizer in Hyssopus officinalis L
N. Nemati A. Pazoki GH. Naderi S. TaherabadiThere is noticeable insoluble phosphorus in the soil and some of bacterium have not capability of release insoluble phosphorus. Today, the lack of this element have compensate with use of chemical Fertilizer, chemical fertilizer have harmful effect on the bioenvironment MoreThere is noticeable insoluble phosphorus in the soil and some of bacterium have not capability of release insoluble phosphorus. Today, the lack of this element have compensate with use of chemical Fertilizer, chemical fertilizer have harmful effect on the bioenvironmental and decrease quality of agriculture production. Literally in nowadays for developing sustainable agriculture execute system with sufficient form inputs with integrated usage of chemical fertilizer and bio fertilizer specially bio fertilizer as a effective solution for replacing Agriculture for produce crop and keeping yield crop in a acceptable level. This study had performed in order to; study the effect of the release Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on Hyssopus officinalis L. This experiment performed in the randomized complete blocks base design as a factorial with three frequencies. Two level Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PS1: use Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria), (PS0: no use Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria) and five level (P0: 0kg/h pure P2O5), (P90: 90 kg/h pure P2O5) (p115: 115 kg/h pure P2O5), (P140:140 kg/h pure P2O5), (P165:165 kg/h pure P2O5). In this research used Triple phosphate super as phosphate fertilizer and Baver2 as Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.This research had performed in Arak in year 1388. The results of this experiment showed that, the mixture of biologic phosphorus and Triple phosphate super, Characteristic. plant height, flower branch height, the number of flower branch,percent of essential oil, yield of essential oil per hectare, noticeable increase with application phosphorus fertilizer treatment as compared with non-phosphorus fertilizer treatment.Almost use of 90 Kg/h with Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was best in total Characteristic. Interaction between phosphorus and Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria all of characteristic was signification. it can be concluded that, we can reduce phosphorus fertilizer to 50% in the seeds yield, by using release bacteria, without any significant reduction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
490 - Comparison the effect of biologic fertilizer with chemical on oil sunflower (helianthus annus) in Arak condition
M. Moradi H. Madani M. A. Malboubi R. Pilehvari KhomamiThis is noticeable that insoluble phosphorus in the soil and some of bacterium has not capability of release insoluble phosphorus. This study was performed in order to study the effect of the release bacteria sunflower (helianthus annus). This experiment performed in RC MoreThis is noticeable that insoluble phosphorus in the soil and some of bacterium has not capability of release insoluble phosphorus. This study was performed in order to study the effect of the release bacteria sunflower (helianthus annus). This experiment performed in RCBD based on a factorial design with 4 replications. This research was performed in the research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University during 2008. Factors were considered as two level Bacteria (B1: use Biologic phosphorus), (B2: no use Biologic phosphorus) and four level (P1; 150 kg/ha Ammonium phosphate), (P2; 300 kg/ha Ammonium phosphate), (P3; 150 kg/ha Triple phosphate super) and (P4: 300 kg/ha triple phosphate super). The results showed that using mixture of biologic phosphorus and Ammonium phosphate caused to improve planted sunflower. Characteristic such as weight of 1000 seeds, the number of seeds per head, yield of seed per hectare, head diameter, harvest index and biomass yield noticeable increase. Interaction of phosphorus and bacteria except in the empty percent and oil percent in the other characteristic was signification on the whole. Totally, results showed that by using released bacteria we can reduce phosphorus fertilizer by 50% without any significant reduction of yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
491 - Comparison of chemical and biological phosphorus fertilizers in potato
A. SefidgaranThis experiment was conducted to evaluate solublizing bacteria and chemical phosphorus on three varieties of potato.Arandomized complete block design whit a split split plot layout was used in three replication.This investigation was carried out in a farm in Enaj, one o MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate solublizing bacteria and chemical phosphorus on three varieties of potato.Arandomized complete block design whit a split split plot layout was used in three replication.This investigation was carried out in a farm in Enaj, one of the environs of Arak. The result show that the use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and its con frontation with other factors, were significantly affected the studied qualities about wet weight a erial part, wet weight of tubers, dry weight of tubers, the phosphorus content of tubers and prominent of baruest. It caused significantly in creasing in yield parameters, especially tubers yield comparing to chemical treatment at 1% level. The result also showed that the interaction effect of phosphate solubizing bacteria and chemical hosphorus, showed significant advantage in qualities of wet weight and dry weight of aerial part, dry weight of tuber, number of main stems per plant, Biomous yield and the phosphorus content per bush at 5%level. There was no significant difference at application treatment of phosphate solublizing bacteria with 75kg of chemical phosphate, in the yield aspect with the application of 15kg chemicalphosphate fertilizer. The results show that the application of chemical phosphorus in the most qualities suchas yield of tuber, the percentage of absorbed phosphorus, phosphate content of bush, dry weight of aerial part and biomas yield. Showed difference at 1% level and lead to the most result. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
492 - Investigating of boron and zinc compound application on corn seed set in Mazandaran environment, Iran
M. Ghadamgahi H. Madani Sh. KhaghaniThe experiments to evaluate the possibility of enriching sunflower seeds nuts on the farm by bacteria release phosphorus sulfat, In a randomized complete block design with three replications in a split plot, Arak Islamic Azad University Research Farm in 1390 was carried MoreThe experiments to evaluate the possibility of enriching sunflower seeds nuts on the farm by bacteria release phosphorus sulfat, In a randomized complete block design with three replications in a split plot, Arak Islamic Azad University Research Farm in 1390 was carried out. Factors include four levels of P (P1, P2, P3 and P4, respectively, 350 kg ammonium phosphate ha175 kg ammonium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and 175 kg P -2 reproductive biology, biological phosphorus fertilization -2) and four levels of zinc(Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4, respectively, of zinc sulfate, zinc sulfate 25 kg ha sprayed on with a concentration of 10%, 25 kg ha sprayed zinc and zinc) were considered. Foliar application of zinc and phosphorus-releasing bacteria in the field, In the pre-flowering and 10 days after return again. The grain yield per hectare, biological yield, head diameter, harvest index, The grain yield per hectare, biological yield, head diameter, harvest index, The results showed that the highest yield of 50% ammonium phosphate ha treated with biological phosphorus fertilization -2 And application of zinc dust consumption of 78/5632kg ha treatments applied at 50% -2 Biological phosphorus fertilized with ammonium phosphate with zinc sulfate soil and foliar application of zinc Rate of 52/5493kg per hectare, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
493 - Effects of biological and chemical fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphor) on yeild and oil content of peppermint plant under the climatical conditions of Arak
Amir reza Yoonesy Seyed Yaghub Sadeghyan Motahar Nourali Sajedi Gholam reza Naderi Boroujerdi Peppermint is an important medical plant which contains essential oil that has many usages in different industry. Nitrogen and phosphor are considered to be the most limiting factors of the plants' growth after the factor More Peppermint is an important medical plant which contains essential oil that has many usages in different industry. Nitrogen and phosphor are considered to be the most limiting factors of the plants' growth after the factor of water. Chemical fertilizers which are so much used to remove the shortage of these two elements have destructive environmental effects and reduce the quality of crops. Today, using biological fertilizers are considered to be the most suitable strategy to prevent the dangers of chemical fertilizers. This experiment was carried out in the form of factorial based on the Complete Randomized Block Design with four repetitions and two treatments, one of which is Nitrogen fertilizer including three levels of Super Nitro Plus biological fertilizer containing bacteria such as Azospirillum which controls the path of the soil-organisms' genetic factors (Basillus sp) and PGPR, plant growth provocative (Pseudomonas flurescens ), Nitroxin biological fertilizer containing different doses of Azospirillum bacteria, and Urea chemical fertilizer (300 kg/ha) and also phosphor fertilizer in three levels of Barvar II biological fertilizer containing phosphor releasing bacteria accompanying with Ammonium de phosphate fertilizer (125 kg/ha), Barvar II biological fertilizer and Ammonium de phosphate chemical fertilizer (250 kg/ha) in the agronomical year 1387 in the researching farm of Islamic Azad University of Arak. The results of the mentioned experiment demonstrated that the Super Nitro Plus biological fertilizer and in the second place, Nitroxin cause the significant improvement of the fresh and dry weight of offshoot also amount and efficiency offshoot's essential oil. The combinational treatment of Barvar II and Ammonium de phosphate causes significant improvements of the essential oil efficiency of offshoot. The combinational treatment of Super Nitro Plus and Barvar II causes the significant improvement of offshoot's fresh weight. Also, decreasing the chemical phosphor fertilizer consumption up to fifty percent becomes possible through employing phosphor-releasing bacteria without any significant decline in the growth characteristics and plant essential oil efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
494 - Effect of fertilizers application and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on Forage yield in maize (Zea mays L.)
A. Boroumand N. Sajedi M. ChangiziIn order to study the effect of organic food systems, fusion, increased chemical and bacteria growth (PGPR), on the growth stages of corn silage single cras 704 in order to reduce consumption of chemical fertilizers, improve soil and plant nutrition improvement, in the MoreIn order to study the effect of organic food systems, fusion, increased chemical and bacteria growth (PGPR), on the growth stages of corn silage single cras 704 in order to reduce consumption of chemical fertilizers, improve soil and plant nutrition improvement, in the year 2010 Farm Research, Islamic Azad University of Arak as factorial experimental design based on randomized complete block with three replications was performed. To test treatments, inoculated seeds by stimulating the growth of bacteria in four levels, B0= rhizobiom, azsprliom, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas, B1=rhizobiom, azsprliom and Pseudomonas, B2= rhizobiom, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas, B3= azsprliom, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas and use of nitrogen fertilizers,nitrogen, phosphorus and potasiom four levels, A0= no consumption, A1= 1/3 the recommended amount, A2=2/3 the recommended amount, A3 = 100 % of the recommended amount, were applied. The results showed that chemical fertilizer on the characteristics such as plant height, number of leaf, number of grain rows, number of grain per ear and forage yield level was statistically significant in a percentage. Also, different levels of biological fertilizers on the characteristics such as: ear leaf length, number of seeds per row, plant height and forage yield made a positive impact on the statistical level was a significant percentage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
495 - Effect of plants growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
R. Mohamadvarzi D. Habibi S. Vazan A. Pazoki T. Nooralvandi In order to study the effect of plants growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen chemical fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) an experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University-Karaj Bra More In order to study the effect of plants growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen chemical fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) an experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University-Karaj Branch in2009. Experiment performed factorial based on CRBD with three replications. Experiment in clouding of four levels of nitrogen fertilizers (0, 54, 108 and 161 Kg.N/ha) and four level of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria including control, Nitroxin (Azotobacter, Azospirillum), Biophosphorus (Bacillus, Pseudomonas) and also combined fertilizers (Nitroxin+Biophosphorus). Results showed that application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria increased seed yield, biologic yield, and plant height in compare with control. Combined biological fertilizers increased higher under studied traits. Maximum seed yield (26.68% increased) obtained in combined biological fertilizer (Nitroxin+Biophosphorus) treatment with 2516 kg/ha in compare with control (1850 kg/ha). Nitrogen chemical fertilizers treatments showed significant effect on protein percent. Interaction of treatments showed significant effect on oil percent. Results showed application of PGPR agriculture has important role in improvement of growth and yield of sunflower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
496 - Phosphorus solublizing bacteria and zinc sulfate utilization effects on yield and yield components of two potato cultivars in Markazi province environment
Hamid Madani Iraj Bayat Mehdi Changizi Mojtaba JalalvandiTo study the effect of Phosphorus solublizing bacteria (PSB) and zinc sulfate utilization on yield and yield components of potato cultivars this experiment was done in potato fields at Tooreh village in Sarband, Markazi province at 2010. Treatments were consisted of two MoreTo study the effect of Phosphorus solublizing bacteria (PSB) and zinc sulfate utilization on yield and yield components of potato cultivars this experiment was done in potato fields at Tooreh village in Sarband, Markazi province at 2010. Treatments were consisted of two potato cultivars “ Agria and Markyz” in main plots and utilization and non utilization of zinc sulfate and with and four levels Phosphorus solublizing bacteria were in sub plots. Experiment model was spilt factorial in three replicates at 2010. Treatments were two potato cultivars Agria and Markyz, and two levels of Zink foliar application and without and phosphorus utilization in four levels included 100 kg/ha triple super phosphate, Triple super phosphate 100 kg/ha and PSB bacteria, PSB alone, and 50 kg/ha triple super phosphate with PSB. The results showed that the biomass yield, plant height, potato tubers numbers per plant and tuber yield had significant difference by applied experiment treatments. The results also suggest that all potato traits studied were significant advantages compared to Markyz to control. In all cases of PSB utilization with chemical phosphorus fertilizer we observed that potato characteristics were improved. Agria was more sensitive than Markyz about phosphate availability. In low phosphate condition, Markyze potato tubes dry weight was reduced from 81 to 51 g. this changes was from 66 to 54 g for Agria cultivar too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
497 - Evaluation of Anticancer and Anti-bacterial Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Origanum majoranaL. Extract on Cancer Cells MCF-7, HeLa and A549
Reyhaneh Sezari Hamankoh Shabnam Shamaei -
Open Access Article
498 - Separation of Mercury Resistant Bacteria from Wastewater of Milk, Detergent and Ceramic Industry
M. Moghbeli F. Shakeri H. Hashemi-Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
499 - The Novel Synthesis Route for 3-Poly (vinylbenzyl)-5,5-Dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Nanofibers and Study of Its Antibacterial Properties
Bozorgmehr Maddah -
Open Access Article
500 - Anti-Quorum Sensing Potential of Potato Rhizospheric Bacteria
Adeleh Sobhanipour Keivan Behboudi Esmaeil Mahmoudi Mohsen Farzaneh -
Open Access Article
501 - Nano-TiO2 an Efficient, Clean and Eco-friendly Catalyst for Synthesis of Naphthoxazinone Derivatives as High Potent Antibacterial Agents
Khalil Pourshamsian -
Open Access Article
502 - The Effect of Aluminium on Antibacterial Properties and the Content of Some Fatty Acids in Microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris Beijernick, under Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Conditions
Hossein Abbaspour Sahar Soleymanian -
Open Access Article
503 - In-vitro Antibacterial and Antifungal Screening of Newly Synthesized Trifluoromethylated N-Heterocyclic ketenimines and 1-aza butadiene Derivatives
Rosa Edris Ameri Bita Mohtat Eskandar Alipour Nahid Rahimifard Behrooz Mirza -
Open Access Article
504 - Antimicrobial Potentials of Iron Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles Green-Synthesized in Fusarium solani
Masoomeh Sasani Ebrahim Fataei Reza Safari Fatemeh Nasehi Marzieh Mosayyebi -
Open Access Article
505 - Investigating Nitrate and Nitrite Concentrations in Drinking Water of Five Districts in Tehran and Assessing the Presence of Nitrate Reducing Bacteria
Reza Haji Seyed Mohammad Shirazi Maryam Tala Seyed Amir Ali Anvar Bahareh Nowruzi Zohreh Saeidi Masomeh Negahban -
Open Access Article
506 - Impact of Lactic Acid Bacteria Cells on the Aflatoxin B1 in Wheat Flour During Manufacture Fino Bread
Mohamed Fouad Moustafa El-Shenawy Ahmed Hussein Tarek El-desouky -
Open Access Article
507 - Evaluation of In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity of some Newly Synthe-sized2-amino-3-phenylsulfonyl-4-aryl-4H-benzo[h]chromens Derivatives
Farzaneh Manouchehri Bahareh Sadeghi Farhood Najafi Mohammad Hossein Mosslemin -
Open Access Article
508 - Detection of Gyrase Enzyme among Clinical Isolates of E. coli Resistance to some Quinolone Antibiotics
Iman Fadhil Abdul-Husin Mohammed Sabri Abdul-Razzaq -
Open Access Article
509 - Comparison of in vitro physico-chemical and antibacterial properties of 68S and 58S bioactive glasses synthesized by sol-gel method
Amirhossein Moghanian mohammad amin zohour fazeliThe major aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CaO content on in vitro hydroxyapatite formation, MC3T3cells cytotoxicity and proliferation as well as antibacterial efficiency of sol-gel derived SiO2–CaO–P2O5 ternary system. For this purpose, first MoreThe major aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CaO content on in vitro hydroxyapatite formation, MC3T3cells cytotoxicity and proliferation as well as antibacterial efficiency of sol-gel derived SiO2–CaO–P2O5 ternary system. For this purpose, first two grades of bioactive glass (BG); BG-58s (mol%: 60%SiO2–36%CaO–4%P2O5) and BG-68s (mol%: 70%SiO2–26%CaO–4%P2O5)) with the fixed P2O5 content were synthesized by sol-gel method. Second, the effect of CaO content in their composition on in vitro bioactivity was investigated by soaking the BG-58s and BG-68s powders in simulated body fluid (SBF) for time periods up to 14 days. The evolution of the SBF composition was monitored by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) analyses. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to characterize formed hydroxyapatite on BG's surface. On the other hand, Live/dead staining, 3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays were conducted respectively, as qualitatively and quantitatively assess for cell viability, proliferation and differentiations of MC3T3cells in presence of 58s and 68s BGs. Eventually, BG-58s with enhanced MC3T3 cells proliferation and ALP activity, acceptable bioactivity and significant high antibacterial effect against MRSA bacteria is suggested as a suitable candidate in comparison to BG-68S in order to further functionalizing for delivery of therapeutic ions and growth factors in bone tissue engineering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
510 - Investigation of the Effect of Strontium Ion Content on Thermal, Bioactivity, Antibacterial Properties and Behavior of MC3T3-E1 Osteoblast Cells in Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass
Noushin Nankali Amirhossein Moghanian Morteza Saghafi YazdiBioactive glass (BG), is able to bind to body tissues, in this regard, it can be considered suitable material for applications such as bone tissue engineering. In this study, we first synthesized and studied the structural changes, biocompatibility, in vitro bioactivity MoreBioactive glass (BG), is able to bind to body tissues, in this regard, it can be considered suitable material for applications such as bone tissue engineering. In this study, we first synthesized and studied the structural changes, biocompatibility, in vitro bioactivity, biological behavior and antibacterial properties of silicate-based BG containing with strontium. To evaluate the bioactivity, the BG powder was placed in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days and then before and after the mentioned time periods, the changes and the process of forming a hydroxyapatite (HA) layer on their surface was studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), release rates of various ions elements, pH changes and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of X-ray diffraction tests and infrared spectroscopy studies confirmed the formation of crystalline HA layer on the BG surface. Moreover, the results of live/dead assay, nucleus microstructure and actin microfilaments of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells showed that 5% of strontium in silicate-based bioactive glass led to the growth, proliferation and activity of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. The results of cytotoxicity test and evaluation of alkaline phosphate activity showed that substitution of strontium instead of calcium in silicate-based bioactive glass composition not only did not cause cytotoxicity but also caused significant proliferation and activity of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. Meanwhile, improvements in the antibacterial properties of strontium-containing bioactive glass against MRSA bacteria were observed in comparison with strontium-free bioactive glass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
511 - Evaluation of Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of Zno–Cuo Nanocomposites Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method
Seyedeh Zahra Anvari Mohammad Hajeb Mahmoud FazelIn this research CuO and ZnO and CuO-ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized using sol- gel method. The samples were characterized by DRS-UV, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results of XRD showed that the CuO and ZnO and MoreIn this research CuO and ZnO and CuO-ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized using sol- gel method. The samples were characterized by DRS-UV, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results of XRD showed that the CuO and ZnO and ZnO-CuO composite are crystalline. The results of the DRS-UV analysis showed that the CuO, ZnO, and ZnO-CuO composite, respectively, have a mean band gap of 1.27 and 3.21 and 2.43 eV. According to calculations CuO, ZnO and ZnO-CuO composite show 40, 10 and 68% of degradation efficiency against of rhodamine B dye, respectively. Therefore, the addition of CuO to ZnO increased the photocatalytic activity of the products. The mechanism of photocatalytic activity of synthetic products and copper oxide is discussed in the process of increasing the photocatalytic process intervals. ZnO-CuO nanocomposite has an antibacterial ability against Staphylococcus aureus as a positive bacterium and E. coli as a negative bacterium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
512 - The Study of German Cockroaches (Blattela germanica) Midguts Bacterial Flora in Tehran
ساناز اکبری مجید مقبلی محمدعلی عشاقیGerman Cockroaches (Blattela germanica) are insects that often live in dirty environment such as sewagesand toilets and feed from contaminatedmaterials.This insect is one of the most important factors to transport and spread bacteria in human environment, particularlyba MoreGerman Cockroaches (Blattela germanica) are insects that often live in dirty environment such as sewagesand toilets and feed from contaminatedmaterials.This insect is one of the most important factors to transport and spread bacteria in human environment, particularlybacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family. In this study, German cockroachand#39;s midgetandrsquo;s bacterial flora in Tehran was identified. German cockroaches from various regions of Tehran were round up and their gut were extracted and cultured on microbial media. Grown samples identified with differentculture media.Ten bacterial genera were identified in cockroachand#39;s midgut. Nine genera were belonging to gram negative bacteria and one isolates belong to gram positive bacteria. These genera belong to Citrobacter (20%), Psedomonas (18%), Proteus (17%), E. coli (15.5%), Enterobacter (12%), Staphilococcus (11.1%), Salmonella (3.3%), Klebsiella (1.1%), Shigella and Hafnia (1%). Several pathogenicbacteria are growing within the body of German cockroach and transmittedto the human environment with these insects. Most of these bacteria are pathogenic and can effect on human health. In this study, the most of identified bacteria were belong to Enterobacteriaceae family, and could be pathogen and effective on human hygiene. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
513 - Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Cocci Form Bacteria of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Fish Farms in North West Province of Fars, Using Culture and PCR Methods
فرشید کفیل زاده یلدا بناکار ایرج نامداریStreptococcosis /Entrococcosisis important disease in aquaculturewhich are duo to gram positive bacteria such as cocci in fresh and salty water fish and cause infectious and septicemia. In recent decades the mentioned diseases caused economic damages. One of the most im MoreStreptococcosis /Entrococcosisis important disease in aquaculturewhich are duo to gram positive bacteria such as cocci in fresh and salty water fish and cause infectious and septicemia. In recent decades the mentioned diseases caused economic damages. One of the most important cocci are lactic acid bacteria. They invaded to fish farms and caused to death of them. The aim of this research was identification of gram positive and pathogenic cocci form bacteria in rainbow trout farms in North West area of Fars province by cultivation and PCR methods. At first 90 samples of rainbow trout were collected from farms where might be contaminated. Then dead and sick fish were identified and their clinical profiles were recorded. Sampling from their kidney was done for cultivating bacteria and doing biochemical test to identify them. In the next step for determination of antibiotic that was effective on identified bacteria antibiogram test was done. At the end identification of bacteria was done by PCR method in the base of 16srRNA gene. In this research 43 gram positive cocci were identified they included: 4.6% Streptococcus iniae, 23.3 % Lactococcus graviae, and 72.1 % Streptococcus milleri. The result of PCR test showed that identified bacteria belonged to lactic acid bacteriathat caused diseases in the fish. As regards the diseases are common between human and aquaculture and they cause economical damages so identification and treatment of these infectious agents are important. Clinical symptoms of bacteria which cause the diseases are similar so the best method for identification of them is PCR. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
514 - Morphological Change of Kidney after Injection of the Biological Gold Nanoparticles in Wistar Rats
Behrooz Yahyaei Parastoo Pourali Maryam HassaniGold nanoparticles have different uses in medicine. Since the produced chemical nanoparticle is reviewed but the character of the biological one is not checked sufficiently. Therefore, this study on the poisonous effects of the cells in the produced biological nanoparti MoreGold nanoparticles have different uses in medicine. Since the produced chemical nanoparticle is reviewed but the character of the biological one is not checked sufficiently. Therefore, this study on the poisonous effects of the cells in the produced biological nanoparticles is done on the rat’s kidney. After preparing bio-gold nanoparticles from Bucillus subtilis and sterilization bacteria, the nanoparticles were calculated in toxic and non-toxic doses and injected into rats at two doses in 48 hours. Then, after 24 hours, tissue sampling and histological examination were performed. The nonpoisonous nanoparticle injection caused the glomerulus to be smaller & contracted but the other assumes are normal. Nevertheless, the poison injection caused the glomerulus to be fewer in some parts. Dilatation and enlargement was seen in urine space and some glomeruli are smaller and more compressed. The kidneys tubules had no problems but there was a little hyperemia in interstitial space. The usage of biological nanoparticles via the non-biological one had little poisonous effects and the poisonous effects were dosage related. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
515 - Efficacy and Antibody Titers Response of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Bivalent Vaccine Against; Streptococcus iniae and Yersinia rockeri
Seyed Abdolhamid Hosseini Mojtaba Alishahi Seyed Mohammad Jalil Zorrieh Zahra Abolhassan Rastiannasab Roghaye Mahmoudi Eisa Falahat Naserabad Esmaeel KazemiStreptococcosis and Yersiniosis are important diseases for the aquaculture industry for the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this study, the specific immunological responses of rainbow trout to vaccination with the bivalent vaccine of Streptococcus/ Ye MoreStreptococcosis and Yersiniosis are important diseases for the aquaculture industry for the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this study, the specific immunological responses of rainbow trout to vaccination with the bivalent vaccine of Streptococcus/ Yersinios were investigated. Three hundred rainbow trout fingerlings (25±2g) were randomly divided into four equal groups in triplicates. Treatments contain Streptococcosis vaccine, Yersiniosis vaccine, bivalent vaccine, and control group. Fish in vaccinated treatment intraperitoneally injected with 100 microliter vaccine on the first day. The control group was injected with sterile PBS, identical to the vaccinated group. Blood samples were collected from vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups at days 0, 30, and 60 of the study, and antibody titer was subsequently performed. Sixty days after initial immunization, all groups were challenged by a lethal dose of Streptococcus iniae and Yersinia rockeri, mortality rate was calculated and compared among the groups for 14 days. These results indicated high antibody levels in the vaccinated fish at day 30 and 60 post-immunization using both vaccines(p<0.05). However, this amount was fewer at day 60 than day 30. The percentage of trout cumulative mortality after the challenge with Streptococcus iniae and Yersinia rockeri showed a significant decrease in vaccinated groups compared to the control treatment. In general, it can be concluded that the administration of bivalent Streptococosis/Yersiniosis vaccine to the rainbow trout provided appropriate protection against disease and effectively induced the immune response against these two diseases, which is comparable to either of the vaccines separately. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
516 - Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Antibacterial P with Anbernesara Smoke Extract
Roya Mahdizadeh Mohsen Firoozrai Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi Seyed Javad HoseiniThe aim of this study is to synthesize and investigate the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects of polylactic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles containing the extract of Anbernesara smoke. For this purpose, Anbernesara smoke was extracted and encapsulated MoreThe aim of this study is to synthesize and investigate the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects of polylactic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles containing the extract of Anbernesara smoke. For this purpose, Anbernesara smoke was extracted and encapsulated by PLGA nanoparticles using the W1/O/W2 method and characterized by DLS, zeta potential, FESEM and FTIR electron microscope techniques. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized nanoparticles using ABTS and FRAP tests, as well as measuring the expression levels of the antioxidant genes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL- 10) was also analyzed to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of nanoparticles by Real time PCR test. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated on two bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The results showed the formation of spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 51.2 nm, dispersion index of 0.22, surface’s charge of -35.37 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 74%. The antioxidant properties of synthesized PLGA nanoparticles were confirmed by reducing Fe+3, inhibiting the formation of free radicals and increasing the expression level of CAT and SOD genes. The expression levels of IL-6 and IL-10 genes were also increased under the influence of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with the organic extract of Anbernesara smoke, indicating the anti-inflammatory properties of the proposed nanoparticles. PLGA nanoparticles loaded with the organic extract of Anbernesara smoke had an antibacterial effect on B. subtilis, but not on E. coli. The PLGA nanoparticles loaded with the organic extract of Anbernesara smoke have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory properties and can be considered as a combination with antibacterial potential. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
517 - Assessment of Human In-vitro Full Thickness Skin Graft Viability and the Use of Gentamicin Antibiotic on This Process
Marjan Mohamadali Ali Ghiaseddin Shiva Irani Mohammad Amir Amirkhani Mostafa DahmardeheiNowadays, skin grafts use to replace lost or damaged skin around the world. Natural contaminants can exist on the skin and this contamination can be a threat to graft recipients. In this study, after obtaining human full thickness skin graft sample and culturing it in-v MoreNowadays, skin grafts use to replace lost or damaged skin around the world. Natural contaminants can exist on the skin and this contamination can be a threat to graft recipients. In this study, after obtaining human full thickness skin graft sample and culturing it in-vitro condition, skin samples were evaluated for cell viability and the presence of bacterial contamination during 72 hr. The amount of microbial contamination in the presence and absence of antibiotic gentamicin 0.02% was also investigated by standard methods. High cell viability during 72 hr in normal skin tissue samples was confirmed by the acridine orange staining. Electron scanning microscope observations, hematoxylin-eosin, and Masson's trichrome staining images clearly showed the difference between the two experimental groups. Skin graft samples lost the layers of dermis and epidermis (except the stratum corneum layer), in the absence of gentamicin due to contamination with bacteria which can be seen in the obtained images. Finally, the obtained results clearly showed the effect of high microbial contamination on the skin tissue structure, which can be caused by various factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
518 - Characterization of Aquatic Beetles Shells (Hydraenidae family) derived chitosan and its application in order to eliminate the environmental pollutant bacterial
Ramin Mohammadi Aloucheh ozlem baris Asadollah Asadi Somayeh Gholam zadeh Marjaneh kharat sadeghi -
Open Access Article
519 - Semi-pilot Scale Biological Removal of Metals and Sulfate from Industrial AMD in Fluidized-bed Reactor
Enayat Afsar Arezoo Nejaei Mohammad Mosaferi -
Open Access Article
520 - Investigation The Effect of Humic Acid and Different Method of Seed Biopriming on Morphophysiological Traits of Rainfed Wheat under Supplemental Irrigation Condition
Ali-Nazar Rostami Afshin MozaffariIn order to investigate the effect of humic acid and different methods of seed priming on yield and yield components of rainfed wheat under supplemental irrigation conditions, a split split plot design in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) design with three repli MoreIn order to investigate the effect of humic acid and different methods of seed priming on yield and yield components of rainfed wheat under supplemental irrigation conditions, a split split plot design in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) design with three replications in Kermanshah province. The irrigation factor consisted: pure raunfed and supplemental irrigation in the main plot; Humeic acid included: non-use and use in the subplot and seed biopriming including: prime with fungus Mycorrhiza, Prime with mixed of PGPR, Prime with Flavobacteriun, Prime with Mycorrhiza+PGPR, and Prime with Mycorrhiza+Flavobacteriun were sub-sub plots. The main effects of supplemental irrigation, humic acid and seed biopriming methods were significant on all traits. The supplementary irrigation treatment had the highest grain yield, biological yield, harvest index (HI), spikelet number per spike, seeds number per spike and wheat plant height, with 3518.139 kg ha-1, 10200.5 kg ha-1, 34.339 %, 12.944, 29.028 and 99.944 cm, respectively. Humeic acid treatment had the highest grain yield, biological yield, harvest index (GI), spikelet number per spike, seeds number per spike and plant height, with 3393.778 kg ha-1, 10136.278 kg ha-1, 33.356 %, 12.444, 27.583 and 639.98 cm, respectively. Between the different seed biopriming treatments, seed co-bioprime with mycorrhizal fungus and mixture of PGPR bacteria (Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Pseudomonas) had the highest grain yield, biological yield, harvest index (HI), spikelet number per spike, seeds number per spike and plant height was allocated with 3887.167 kg ha-1, 10703.25 kg ha-1, 36.167 %, 14.5, 33.0 and 105.5 cm, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
521 - Comparison of the impact of bio-fertilizers on agronomic characteristics, livestock and medicinal Salvia officinalis
Seyyed Javad Marashi Joseph Niknejad Hormoz Falah Amoli Jaber Mehdiniya Afra2 In order to study the effect of stimulating the growth of bacteria and other fertilizer (PGPR) on yield and yield components of medicinal plant Salvia in the cloud for factorial in a randomized complete block design, with three replications in a garden of citrus t More In order to study the effect of stimulating the growth of bacteria and other fertilizer (PGPR) on yield and yield components of medicinal plant Salvia in the cloud for factorial in a randomized complete block design, with three replications in a garden of citrus trees with a height between 2014, 11 meters above sea level was carried out. The first factor in 3 levels include : manure 3 tons, 6 tons per hectare, the second factor control. 4 level include : Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Azospirillum and Pseudomonas + control. The use of stimulus effect of bacteria fertilizer and other significant growth on increasing the length of Size Canopy, Height, Root volume, During leaf, Leaf width, has a number of tributaries. The interaction of the biological and organic fertilizer is also the Size Canopy and the Root volume on a subsidiary of a significant positive impact on other traits was having. Based on the results of interaction most the length of the Size Canopy and Height and Root volume, During leaf, Leaf width were tributaries in combination of two bacteria associated with the application of fertilizer average 64.33 cm, 58.40 Cm, 64.73 Ml, 6.86 Cm and 2 Cm respectively, and the lowest amount of 6 tons of these attributes in the mode of not using manure and biological fertilizer was achieved without the use of it average 41 Cm, 35.06 Cm, 25.36 Cm, 25.36 Ml, 4.13 Cm, 1.16 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
522 - Comparison of bio-fertilizers and manure on properties of lemon balm herb farm.
Reza Tahmasebi Omran Hormoz Falah Amoli Joseph Niknejad Jaber Mehdiniya Afra2In order to study the effects of organic fertilizers and biological growth characteristics, and quantitative and qualitative performance lemon balm herbs factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications has done in the 139 MoreIn order to study the effects of organic fertilizers and biological growth characteristics, and quantitative and qualitative performance lemon balm herbs factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications has done in the 1393 crop year in Mahmud Abad city in the Mazandaran province .The first factor in the 3 levels of use of sheep manure at 5 and 10 tonnes per hectare and the use, or control, of the second factor at four levels of bacteria Azotobacter and B. respectively from the strains (chrococcum and pobilis), combining bacteria and consumption respectively.The results showed that the use of biological fertilizers and manure to Root length, root Weight, root volume, root dry weight, essential oil, Oil yield and Total dry weight than the control treatment and the most effective combination of sheep manure and bacteria to increase yield were studied. Sheep manure and bacteria interactions revealed that the highest elevation in the treatment of bacteria with an average consumption of 10 tons and the combination of the average 43.66 cm and the lowest average 24 cm in the treatment of non-use of sheep manure and bacteria,respectively.Using a combination of bio-fertilizer and animal treatment, leads to an increase of 55 percent compared to other control, that is total dry weight of the plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
523 - Scrutiny Flora and identify the dominant fungal and bacterial rhizosphere microorganisms in the soil fertile productive chitinase and phospholipase enzymes in Iranshahr
hadi hosseini iman hormozi najmeh shakibThe aim of this study was to identify and isolate bacteria and fungi that produce phospholipase and chitinase enzymes in Iranshahr fertile logic soil to identify and produce biological fertilizers for farmers in the province using microorganisms compatible with the geog MoreThe aim of this study was to identify and isolate bacteria and fungi that produce phospholipase and chitinase enzymes in Iranshahr fertile logic soil to identify and produce biological fertilizers for farmers in the province using microorganisms compatible with the geographical conditions of the region (secondary target). Sampling of soil from agricultural fields in fertile areas of Iranshahr city and soil sampling areas were diluted by 10+ 5. For Chitin, Shrimp substation, Sigma Aldrich USA and sterile egg yolk were used for phospholipase substrate. After merging the dedicated substrates bygeneral media culture, positive enzyme microstructures were identified and isolated by halo production. Enzymes were identified and confirmed by spectrophotometry testing and measurement of light absorption at 410 and 280 nm wavelengths. Samples were sent to South Korea's Macrogen Company for molecular identification. The predominant bacteria and fungi producing phospholipase were Bacillus subtilis and Mucor hiemalis, respectivelythe highest production of chitinase enzyme was observed in Pseudomonas putida and Mucor hiemalis microsatellites. Changes in pH showed that an increase in pH to alkalinity greatly reduced enzyme secretion. The highest levels of both enzymes were found in Mucor hiemalis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
524 - Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs) on yield and yield components of Black cumin under drought stress conditions in Shahr-e-Rey region
mohamad amin akbari alireza pazoki In order to study the effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield andyield components of Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under drought stress conditions inShahr-e-Rey region, an experiment was done as split plot based on completely randomizedblo More In order to study the effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield andyield components of Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under drought stress conditions inShahr-e-Rey region, an experiment was done as split plot based on completely randomizedblock design with three replications in research farm of Islamic Azad University Yadegare-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre-rey Branch during 2015. In this experiment, irrigation asa major factor in three levels (55, 95, 135 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan )and methods of PGPRs application as a sub in four levels (seed inoculation, using inirrigation water, seed inoculation + using in irrigation water) were considered. The resultsshowed that drought stress had significant effect on all traits at %1 level of probability, sothat the highest plant height (99/18 cm), number of branches per plant (4.5), capsulesnumber per plant (6), number of seeds per capsule (2.19), 1000 grain weight (18.2 g),grain yield (234.79 kg/ha), biological yield (626.58 kg/ha), harvest index (%42.37) wereconducted in irrigation at 55 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan. The use ofPGPRs on plant height, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, grainyield, biological yield and harvest index were significant at 1% level of probability. Thehighest amounts of traits were observed in seed inoculation + using in irrigation water. Soit can be stated that the PGPRs application can reduce destructive effects of drought inblack cumin. The seed inoculation + using in irrigation water were the best recommendedtreatment in water deficit stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
525 - Changes of somatic cell count, somatic cell score and total bacterial count of raw milk in a dairy herd of Khuzestan province
مهرداد Yadegari پیروز Babamiri sh Nejat M.R Afshar zadeh Bulk milk somatic cell count(SCC), somatic cell score(SCS) and total bacterial count (TBC)are the most important milk health parameters.the aim of this study was to investigate SCC,SCS and TBC in a dairy herd of Khuzestan province.a general linear model(GL More Bulk milk somatic cell count(SCC), somatic cell score(SCS) and total bacterial count (TBC)are the most important milk health parameters.the aim of this study was to investigate SCC,SCS and TBC in a dairy herd of Khuzestan province.a general linear model(GLM) procedure was used for analyzing of data.the result showed effects of year and month are significant on variation of SCC,SCS, and TBC.the highest and lowest SCC and SCS were observed in September and January respectively and the highest and lowest TBC was observed in January and May.the result showed SCC,SCS and TBC increased significantly over time,and it implies the quality of milk decreased in mentioned years.it seems to control this upward movement applying new policies is necessary.in addition,high total bacterial count showed pasteurization is necessary to produce more healthy milk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
526 - Screening of volatiles of Allium tripedale Trautv. and evaluation of the biological activities of its methanol extract
Majid Mohammadhosseini Behnam Mahdavi Mousa GholamiIn this report, the volatile profiles from the flowers, leaves, stems and roots of Allium tripedale Trautv. have been characterized using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Accordingly, high quantitie MoreIn this report, the volatile profiles from the flowers, leaves, stems and roots of Allium tripedale Trautv. have been characterized using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Accordingly, high quantities of non-terpene hydrocarbons have been identified as the major constituting groups of all the relevant chemical profiles. The impact of the experimental variables has also been optimized using Design-Expert software. In addition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the methanol extract of the plant material have been determined. The results of this study revealed that this plant can be considered a potent antioxidant and antibacterial agent, serving as an alternative to chemical drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
527 - Maize- Peanut Intercropping Under Inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum
Siavash Pourjani Hashem Aminpanah mohammadnaghi safarzade vishekaeiIntercropping and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria improve sustainability of agro-ecosystems. To evaluate the effect of Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) inoculation on productivity of a peanut /maize intercropping system, a two-year study was design as a random MoreIntercropping and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria improve sustainability of agro-ecosystems. To evaluate the effect of Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) inoculation on productivity of a peanut /maize intercropping system, a two-year study was design as a randomized complete block in a factorial arrangement with three replicates at Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Guilan province. Factors were Azotobacter inoculation [control (non-inoculated) and inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum) and intercropping pattern (Sole cropping of peanut and maize, additive intercropping pattern at three levels (100% peanut + 100% maize, 100% peanut + 50% maize, and 50% peanut + 100% maize), and replacement intercropping pattern at three levels (50% peanut + 50% maize, 67% peanut +33% maize, and 33% peanut + 67% maize). Results showed that gain yields of maize and peanut were significantly affected by Azotobacter inoculation and intercropping pattern. Inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum significantly increased grain yields of peanut and maize by 10% and 16%, respectively. Maximum and minimum of land equivalent ratio (LER) were observed at 100% peanut + 50% maize and 50% peanut + 50% maize, respectively and inoculated intercropped plots with Azotobacter chroococcum had 12-16% grater LER that non-inoculated ones. Regards to impossibility of mechanical weed control by machines in additive intercropping patterns, to obtain the highest productivity in maize/peanut intercropping system, intercropping pattern of 100% peanut + 50% maize along with Azotobacter application will be suitable in fields with low weed density. Otherwise, based on LER and grain yield of peanut, the intercropping pattern of 67% peanut + 33% maize along with Azotobacter application will be suitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
528 - Study of the Combined Effect of Trachyspermum ammi and Lavandula officinalis Essential Oils on Some Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria
Asal Ahmadi Hassan Gandomi Negin Noori Melika Farzaneh Mahdie ShabanizadeIn this study, the effects of different concentrations of Trachyspermum ammi and Lavandula officinalis essential oils (EOs) were investigated individually and in combination against certain foodborne pathogens, including E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, L. monocytogenes MoreIn this study, the effects of different concentrations of Trachyspermum ammi and Lavandula officinalis essential oils (EOs) were investigated individually and in combination against certain foodborne pathogens, including E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC of T. ammi essential oil alone against the studied bacteria was as follows: E. coli (1000 ppm), S. typhimurium (2000 ppm), L. monocytogenes (1000 ppm), B. cereus (2000 ppm), and S. aureus (2000 ppm). On the other hand, the MIC of L. officinalis alone against the studied bacteria was higher: E. coli (>4000 ppm), S. typhimurium (>4000 ppm), L. monocytogenes (1000 ppm), B. cereus (1000 ppm), and S. aureus (2000 ppm). Interestingly, the combined effect of T. ammi and L. officinalis EOs demonstrated that a combination of 500 ppm T. ammi EO and 1000 ppm L. officinalis EO could effectively inhibit the growth of E. coli. Similarly, a combination of 500 ppm T. ammi EO with 500 ppm L. officinalis EO and 125 ppm T. ammi EO with 1000 ppm L. officinalis EO effectively inhibited the growth of S. aureus. Furthermore, the combined MIC values for specific bacteria were 1000 ppm T. ammi EO with 3000 ppm L. officinalis EO for Salmonella typhimurium, 500 ppm T. ammi EO with 500 ppm L. officinalis EO for L. monocytogenes, and 1000 ppm T. ammi EO with 500 ppm L. officinalis EO for Bacillus cereus. Overall, the combination of these two essential oils led to an increase in the lag phase and a decrease in the growth rate of the target bacteria, which is significant in food microbiology. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of the combination application of T. ammi and L. officinalis EOs as natural antimicrobial agents in food safety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
529 - Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Bacillus subtilis Bacterium Cultured in Corn Steep Liquor and Evaluation of its Antibacterial Activity
Naeimeh Faridi Aghdam Shahram Moradi Dehaghi Sirous Ebrahimi Hamed HamshehkarIn this study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was done using Bacillus subtilis bacterium cultured in corn steep liquor (CSL) nutrient. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by several techniques including FT-IR, XRD, UV-Vis, SEM, EDX, and TEM. MoreIn this study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was done using Bacillus subtilis bacterium cultured in corn steep liquor (CSL) nutrient. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by several techniques including FT-IR, XRD, UV-Vis, SEM, EDX, and TEM. The absorption spectrum of the nanoparticles indicated the maximum absorption at 436 nm. The SEM image confirmed the nanoparticles had polydisperse spherical morphology (~20nm). Also, the TEM image showed the nanoparticles had spherical or elliptical shape and the approximate diameter of the particles was between 10-20 nm. Morphological studies showed that the nanoparticles were completely separated and no aggregation was observed. Moreover, XRD studies confirmed that the produced nanoparticles were crystallized in the FCC crystal lattice. The antibacterial activity results indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles had significant effect against Escherichia coli bacteria, and the inhibition zone was equal to Gentamicin. So, the production of silver nanoparticles using green method is economically very economical, and can be a method for the production of silver nanoparticles in industrial scale. Manuscript profile
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