Survey of epiphytic bacteria on common weeds in pome fruit orchards of Khorasan Razavi province

Subject Areas : دو فصلنامه تحقیقات بیماریهای گیاهی

اسفندیار Zohour Paralak ¹

1 - مربی پژوهش و عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، مشهد، ایران

Received: 2012-04-28 Accepted : 2012-08-14 Published : 2013-05-22

Keywords: Weeds, epiphyte, bacteria,

Abstract :

Weeds always cause serious problems in pome fruit orchards. These plant species are
primary, secondary and epiphytic hosts of some major plant bacteria which upon transmission
to fruit trees may result in bacterial infection and crop loss .These weeds include annuals and
perennials. The most prevalent perennial and spring annual weeds that serve as secondary
hosts were collected during two years of study (2011-2012). Samples were examined for
determining incidence of bacteria via conventional bacteriological methods. The more
frequent bacteria were identified and checked for pathogenicity and epiphytic phases. Results
showed that Xanthomonas spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Erwinia spp. were found on Avena
fatua, Sorghum halepense, Cynodoun dactylon, Agropyron repense, Hordeum vulgare and
Poa sp. as epiphytes. These bacteria could be isolated during spring. Pseudomonas syringae
pv. syringae was isolated from some Poaceae species. Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of
fire blight, was isolated from Cynodon dactylon and Agropyron repense.

References:

1. Bultreys A and Kaluzna M. 2010. Bacterial cankers caused by Pseudomonas syringae on stone fruit species with special emphasis on the pathovars syringae and morspruorum race 1 and race 2. Journal of Plant Pathology 92(1, Supplement), S1 21–S1 33.


2. Eskandari F, Bruckart W L, Schaad N W, Sechler A J, Postnikova E N, Caesar A J andCoombs E. 2008. First report of crown gall caused by Agrobacterium sp. on diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa). Plant Disease 92: 487.


3. Fahy P C and Persley C J. 1983. Plant Bacterial Disease: A Diagnostic Guide. Sidney, Australia: Academic Press.


4. Ghadiri H. 2002. Weed Science Principles and Practices (translation). Shiraz, Iran: University of Shiraz Press.


5. Gross D C, Cody Y S, Proebsting E L, Radamaker G K and Spott T A. 1983. Distribution, population dynamics, and characteristics of ice nucleation -active bacteria in deciduous fruit tree orchards. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 46: 1370–1379.


6. Kaluzna M, Ferrante P, Sobiczewski P and Scortichini M. 2010. Characterization and genetic diversity of Pseudomonas syringae from stone fruits and hazelnut using repetitive-pcr and mlst. Journal of Plant Pathology 92(3): 781–787.


7. Kropff M J and Vanlour H H. 1993. Crop-Weed Interactions. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.


8. Lelliot R A, Billing E and Hayward A C. 1966. A determinative scheme for the fluorescent plant pathogenic Pseudomonas. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 29: 470–489.


9. Lindow S E, Arny D C and Upper C D.1978. Distribution of ice nucleation active bacteria on plants in nature. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 36: 831–838.


10. Mohammadi M. 1999. Fundamentals of Bacterial Plant Pathology (translation). Tehran: University of Tehran Press.


11. Mohammadi M, Ghasemi A and Rahimian H. 2001. Phenotypic characterization of Iranian strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Van Hall, the causal agent of bacterial canker disease of stone fruit trees. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 3: 51–56.


12. Sahragard N, Banihashemi Z and Taghavi M. 1977. Identification of ice nucleation active bacteria on stone fruits in Fars province. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 33: 209–215.


13. Schaad N W. 2001. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. St. Paul, Minnesota, USA: APS Press. 158 p.


14. Rashed Mohaseel M H and Mosavi S K. 2007. Principles in Weed Management (translation). Mashhad: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press.


15. Samuel S G. 2007. Plant-Associated Bacteria. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.


16. Zohour Paralak E, Rahimian H, Arab F and Nikravesh Z. 2002. Pear blast disease in Khorasan. Paper presented at: 15^th Iranian Plant Protection Congress; 7–11 September; Kermanshah, Iran.